Shreeyantra College
Tribhuvan University
Institute of Science and Technology
A Project Report On
“Nepal Tourism Guide”
In Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for the Bachelor Degree in Computer Science and Information
Technology
Under the supervision of:
Mr. Bishal Shrestha
Academic Coordinator
Submitted to:
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology
Shreeyantra College
Damak, Jhapa, Nepal
Submitted by:
Bibek Bhandari (11343/073)
Binod Uprety (11346/073)
Arun Bastola (11338/073)
Bishal Jogi (11347/073)
Date
April, 2021
Shreeyantra College
Affiliated to Tribhuvan University
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Department of
Computer Science and Information Technology, IOST, Shreeyantra College, a project
report entitled “Nepal Tourism Guide” submitted by Bibek Bhandari, Arun Bastola, Binod
Uprety and Bishal Jogi. The Project was carried out under special supervision and within the
time frame prescribed by the syllabus.
We found the students to be hardworking, skilled and ready to undertake any related work to
their field of study and hence we recommend the award of partial fulfilment of Bachelor’s
degree of Computer Science and Information Technology.
Signature of the Supervisor Signature of the HOD/Coordinator
Signature of the External Examiner Signature of the Internal Examiner
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Acknowledgement
We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to our respected teachers of Shreeyantra
College who made it possible for us to work on this project. Our warm respect goes to the
management of Shreeyantra College for providing all the necessary guidelines and reference
books for the development of our project. Lastly, heart-felt thank to teachers of Shreeyantra
College, who provide us the concept of this project and guided us from the initial state to the
final state of this project successfully.
Project Members
Bibek Bhandari (11343/073)
Binod Uprety (11346/073)
Arun Bastola (11338/073)
Bishal Jogi (11347/073)
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ABSTRACT
Nepal Tourism Guide is a web-based application that provides information about Nepal. The
aim of this project is to provide a better guide for those interested in learning more about Nepal
and visiting different parts of the world. This framework is a Web-based program that anyone
with access to the internet can use. It assists users in finding various locations in Nepal as well
as providing comprehensive information about each area. We have a user login function similar
to Instagram so that they can upload images taken while visiting various parts of Nepal. If the
user is logged in, they will also like, respond to, and comment on other people's posts. If they
are not logged in, they would not be able to do so. The user can customize their profile picture
by adding additional details. The user will use the search bar to find various locations to get
the information they need about the places they want to visit. From a variety of viewpoints,
our Web Application will assist a variety of people in planning a trip to Nepal.
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Table of contents
Title Page No
Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………… 7
1.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………… 7
1.2 Problem Statement …………………………………………… 7
1.3 Objective ………………………………………………………………. 7
1.4 Scope …………………………………………………………………. 7
1.5 limitation …………………………………………………………….. 8
Chapter-2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS …………………………………………… 9
2.1 Requirement Collection and Analysis ……...……………………….. 9
2.2 Functional Requirement ………………………………………. 9
2.3 Non-Functional Requirement ………………………………………. 9
2.4 Tools Used ………………………………………………. 10
2.4.1 Hardware Requirement ………………………………………. 10
2.4.2 Software Requirement ………………………………………. 10
2.5 Feasibility Study ………………………………………. 10
2.6 Technical Feasibility ………………………………………. 10
2.7 Operational Feasibility ………………………………………………. 11
2.8 Schedule Feasibility ………………………………………………. 11
Chapter-3
SYSTEM DESIGN …………………………………………… 12
3.1 System Design ………………………………………………. 12
3.2 Data Modelling ………………………………………………. 12
3.3 ER-Diagram ………………………………………………. 13
3.4 Data Tables ………………………………………………. 14
3.5 Process Modelling ………………………………………………. 17
3.5.1 Use Case Diagram ………………………………………………. 17
Chapter-4
IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................... 18
4.1 Implementation ………………………………………………………. 18
4.2 Analysis and Design Tools ………………………………………. 18
4.3 Implementation Tools (Front End and Back End) ………………. 18
4.4 Algorithm ……………………………………………………… 18
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4.5 Testing …………………………………………………………….. 20
4.5.1 Testing Types ……………………………………………………. 20
4.5.1.1 Unit Testing …………………………………………………….. 20
4.5.1.2 Integration Testing ……………………………………….……. 20
4.5.1.3 Validation …………………………………………………….. 20
4.5.1.4 Output Testing …………………………………………….. 20
4.5.1.5 User Acceptance Testing ……………………………………. 21
Chapter – 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ………………….. 22
5.1 Limitation of Project …………………………………………….. 22
5.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………….. 22
5.3 Future Enhancements …………………………………………….. 22
References …………………………………………………………….. 23
Appendix A .............................................................................................. 23
Screenshots …………………………………………..………………… 23
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Gantt chart …………………………………………………………….. 11
Figure 2: System Interface ……………………………………………………….. 12
Figure 3: ER Diagram …………………………………………………………….. 13
Figure 4: Use Case Diagram …………………………………………………….. 17
Figure 5: Linear Search ………………………………………………………….. 19
List of Tables:
Table 1: Users table …………………………………………………………….. 14
Table 2: Comments table ……………………………………………………….. 14
Table 3: Profile table ……………………………………………………………. 14
Table 4: Destination table ……………………………………………………….. 15
Table 5: Admin Table ………………………………………………………….. 15
Table 6: Places Table ………………………………………………………….. 15
Table 7: Login Table ………………………………………………………….. 16
Table 8: Image Table ..……………………………………………………….. 16
Table 9: Votes Table ………………………………………………………….. 16
Table 10: Users followers Table ……………………………………………….. 16
List of Screenshots
Figure 6: Member Login Form ……………………………………………….. 23
Figure 7: Register form ……………………………………………….. 24
Figure 8: Home Page ……………………………………………….. 24
Figure 9: Destination Page ……………………………………………….. 25
Figure 10: About Us Page ……………………………………………….. 25
Figure 11: Contact Us Page ……………………………………………….. 26
Figure 12: User Post/React/Comment ……………………………………….. 26
Figure 13: Show all Users ………………………………………….. 27
Figure 14: Users Profile ………………………………………………... 28
Figure 15: Searching Users ………………………………………………… 29
Figure 16: Searching Place ………………………………………………… 29
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
This system was developed for customers so that they could obtain various details about
Nepalese locations. We include all of the detailed information about the different positions in
Nepal in our framework. People may come to our site and see the various locations and receive
the details they need. People may leave comments on the locations by using the discuss feature.
We also have a login feature, which allows logged-in users to share their details by posting it
on the web. The logged-in user will add their own content to the web, such as images and
written descriptions of the places they've visited. Other users' posts can be responded to, and
other users' posts can be commented on. The user can share our post on social media sites such
as Facebook and Twitter. If a user wants to conduct a direct search for a place, they can do so
using our site's search engine and obtain the necessary information. We concentrate on Nepal's
tourism industry so that tourists from other countries can learn whatever there is to know about
Nepal.
1.2 Problem Statement
There are a variety of websites that provide information about Nepalese locations and have
proven to be useful. However, in our application, we not only provide information about those
locations, but also allow users to post any information they might have. People must first
register by presenting basic information such as their name, email, and address. After that, the
user must verify their email before writing and uploading photos of the places they visit. They
can respond to and comment on other people's posts. Our framework is easy to use. Users can
contact us via email with any questions they can have.
1.3 Objective
The main objectives of this project are: -
To provide all of the required information about Nepal's various locations.
To post various details about the locations where people go on vacation.
To share with the rest of the world natural resources, history, customs, languages,
festivals, and adventure.
To draw visitors, which adds to the county's income.
1.4 Scope
The Nepal Tourism Guide's scope can be summarized as follows: -
Maintain detailed information of the places of Nepal.
Maintain uploaded Post.
Maintain user information and search places in the search engine.
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1.5 Limitations
The following are some of the drawbacks of the Nepal Tourism Guide: -
As the database grows in size, the load on database backup and data maintenance
activities grows as well.
It is not assured that anyone can use the internet to look for similar applications that are
mindful of the time complexity that affects users.
Admin must manage each and every message. As a consequence, it's likely that the
answer will be late.
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CHAPTER-2
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND FEASIBILITY STUDY
2.1 Requirement collection and Analysis
Requirement Collection plays a key role. Requirement collection is not only important for the
project, but it is also important for the project management function. For the project,
understanding what the project will eventually deliver is critical for its success. Through
requirements, the project management can determine the end deliveries of the project and how
the end deliveries should address client’s specific requirements.
2.2 Functional Requirements
Functional requirement is a requirement that defines specific behavior of function. The plan
for implementation functional requirement is detailed in the system design. Broadly, Tourism
Guide. An administrator can verify users and their posts if it is authentic.
The users: The person that logged in and posts the information.
functional requirements define what a system is supposed to do.
The major functional requirements of the system are as follows:
a. User roles and profiles
The system administrator: The person who verifies the users in Nepal Product and
categories catalog:
Add
Create
Update
Delete
Verify post
2.3 Non-Functional Requirements
A non-functional requirement is a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge
the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviours. Non-functional requirements are
“constraints” , “quality attributes” , “quality goals” , “quality” of service requirements” and
“non-behavioural requirements”. The plan for implementing non-functional requirements is
detailed in the system architecture.
Some non-functional requirements of the project are listed below:
User Friendly: User friendly means something that is easy to access and work with. This site
can be accessed and used by the users with basic knowledge and skills of a computer. This site
uses a simplified design and navigation, as well as simple language on the content to improve
the user friendliness of the web application.
Efficiency: This application provides easy and fast access.
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Security: The user entry the application’s dashboard only by logging in with username and
password, hence making a security to the system.
Performance: The user easily access without any efforts as an organized way and this making
the system more reliable.
2.4 Tools Used
2.4.1 Hardware used
The Nepal Tourism Guide used very simple hardware system. A computer with i5 6th
generation processor and with the CPU clock speed 2.4 GHZ is used to make the complete
project. Each step like coding, debugging and testing was done on the same computer.
2.4.2 Software Used
This section lists the software used to build Nepal Tourism Guide. The software that were used
are as follows:-
Microsoft visual studio code
Google chrome
XAMPP
PhpMyAdmin
2.5 Feasibility Study
The main aim of the feasibility study is to accommodate the loop holes and the strength of the
existing system. It carries out the threats, opportunities, and future working schedule of the
environment and also take out the necessary resources to make the system perfect to work.
The different type of the system is carried out below:
2.6 Technical Feasibility
Internal technique capability is needed to support project specifications that illustrate the project's
technological feasibility. This project uses HTML & CSS, Laravel, Java script, and Tailwind, which is
a widely used technology. Nepal Tourism Guide has conducted extensive research to demonstrate that
it is technically feasible.
Nepal Tourism Guide is a complete web-based application. The main technologies and
tools associated with Nepal Tourism Guide are:
Operating System: Windows XP, 7, 8, 10, Mac OS, Linux OS (or any latest OS)
Browser: Chrome, Firefox, Safari (or any latest browser)
PC with minimum Pentium IV processor or latest processor
2GB RAM or above
40GB Hard Disk or above
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2.7 Operational Feasibility
This being a web application Nepal Tourism Guide needs a device and browser. A user of the
Nepal Tourism Guide needs basic knowledge of the computer system. The system will be user-
friendly. So, the user will be comfortable with the Nepal Tourism Guide application. From
these, it is clear that the project Nepal Tourism Guide is operationally feasible.
It is primarily concerned with human organization and economic considerations. The following
points should be considered:
What changes will this device bring?
What are the various organizational structures?
What new abilities will be required?
The framework is operationally viable since it is simple to use for end users.
2.8 Schedule Feasibility
25-Jan 14-Feb 5-Mar 25-Mar 14-Apr 4-May
Market Research
Define Specifications
Proposal Submission
Proposal Defence
Detail Design
Software Development
Test Plan
Testing and QA
Documentation
Figure-1: Gantt Chart
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CHAPTER-3
SYSTEM DESIGN
3.1 System design
This document contains the overall design of the system. The design of the system needs to
cover all the effective measures so that to provide user a friendly environment or friendly user
interface for posting or getting the posts.
System architecture carries the structure and behaviour of the system. Nepal Tourism Guide
carries out the n-tier architecture system defined as follows:
Figure 2: - System Interface
All the employee, admin and employer are facilitated with a username and password which is
managed and stored by database. While each of them tries to login to the system and allows
them to login after comparing the username and password to the database which was stored
previously while signing up with our website. In the whole system admin does the main job
i.e. accepting or rejecting the job.
3.2 Data Modelling
Data modelling is the process used to define and analyse data requirements needed to support
the business process within the scope of corresponding information systems in organization.
The end result of the data modelling process is data model. The data model presents the logical
organization of data without indicating how the data are stored, created or manipulated so that
analysis can focus on the business without being distracted by technical details. The most
common data modelling technique is entity relationship diagram.
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3.3 ER Diagram
Figure 3: - ER Diagram
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3.4 Data Tables
1. Users table
Field Name Data Type
User-id Int(11)
First_name Varchar(50)
Last_name Varchar(50)
Email Varchar(150)
address Varchar(50)
2. Comments table
Field Name Data Type
Comment_id Int(11)
Commenter_id Int(11)
Commenter_type Varchar(50)
Commenttable_id Int(11)
Commentable_type Varchar(50)
Comment Varchar(255)
Created_at datetime
Updated_at datetime
3. Profile table
Field name Data type
Profile_id Int(11)
Bio Text
Gender text
User_id Int(11)
nick_name Varchar (255)
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4. Destination table
Field name Data type
Id Int(11)
cordinates Varchar(255)
Place_id Int
Description Varchar(255)
5. Admin Table
Field name Data type
Admin_id Int(11)
email Varchar(255)
Password Varchar(255)
User_id Int(11)
6. Places Table
Field Name Data Type
Place_id Int(11)
Title Varchar(50)
Description Varchar(255)
Coordinators Varchar(255)
Uploaded_at Datetime
Created at Datetime
Slug Varchar(255)
Video link hyperlink
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7. Login Table
Field name Data type
Login_id Int(11)
email Text
password text
8. Image Table
Field name Data type
Image_id Int(11)
Post_id Int(11)
url hyperlink
Image_type Varchar(50)
9. Votes Table
Field name Data type
Vote_id Int(11)
User_Id Int(11)
Votable_type Varchar(255)
Type Varchar(255)
10. Users_followers Table
Field name Data type
User_followers_id Int(11)
follower_Id Int(11)
Following_id Int(11)
Created_at Datetime
Updated_at Datetime
Accepted_at Datetime
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3.5 Process Modelling
Process model is a representation of reality that can be built for existing system as a way to
better understanding those systems or for proposed system as a way to document business
requirement technical design. In other words, we can explain it as the process that represents
how a system needs to operate. The process of modelling techniques used in this project is Use
Case diagram.
3.5.1 Use Case Diagram
Use Case Diagram is a graphical description of the interactions among the element of the
system. A use case contains four main components:
The boundary, which defines the system of interest.
The actors, usually individuals involved with the system defined according to the roles.
The user cases, which specify roles, are played by actors within and around the system.
The relationships between and among the actors and the use cases.
The use case diagram for this project is shown below:
Figure 4: Use Case Diagram
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CHAPTER – 4
IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Implementation
In this stage, physical system specifications are converted into a working and reliable solution.
This is where the system is developed. On receiving the system design documents, the work is
divided in modules/units and actual coding is started. It is followed by testing several tools are
used in this phase of the software development.
4.2 Analysis and Design Tools
The design tools for creating different figures such as Entity Relationship diagram, class
diagram and the required other diagram can be designed through Adobe Photoshop. It gives
out proper justification to illustrate the communication working process of the application.
So produced facts and figured are analysed to release the information that is required to
maintain the transaction in the application. This tends to process the working mechanism and
also can be used for future work too.
4.3 Implementation Tools (Front End and Back End)
We are designing this project with different for the first time. So we are free to use any
technology that we want. Nepal Tourism Guide is a web based application developed using
(HTML, CSS, Laravel and JAVASCRIPT) as front-end with My-SQL used as Back-end.
(HTML, CSS, Laravel and JAVA SCRIPT) is an elegant and type-safe markup language that
enables developer to build a variety of secure and robust applications that run on the Web
Server Framework.
4.4 Algorithm Used
4.4.1 Linear Search Algorithm
Linear search is a very simple search algorithm. In this type of search, a sequential search is
made over all items one by one. Every item is checked and if a match is found then that
particular item is returned, otherwise the search continues till the end of the data collection. In
another way Linear search is used on a collections of items. It relies on the technique of
traversing a list from start to end by exploring properties of all the elements that are found on
the way. For example, consider an array of integers of size. You should find and print the
position of all the elements with value.
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Figure 5: Linear Search
4.4.1.2 Steps of linear search
1. Step 1: Select the first element as the current element.
2. Step 2: Compare the current element with the target element. ...
3. Step 3: If there is a next element, then set current element to next element and go to Step 2.
4. Step 4: Target element not found. ...
5. Step 5: Target element found and return location.
6. Step 6: Exit process.
4.4.1.3 Algorithm
1. Linear Search ( Array A, Value x)
2. Step 1: Set i to 1
3. Step 2: if i > n then go to step 7
4. Step 3: if A[i] = x then go to step 6
5. Step 4: Set i to i + 1
6. Step 5: Go to Step 2
7. Step 6: Print Element x Found at index i and go to step 8
8. Step 7: Print element not found
9. Step 8: Exit
4.4.1.4 Pseudocode
procedure linear_search (list, value)
for each item in the list
if match item == value
return the item's location
end if
end for
end procedure
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4.4.1.5 Advantages of a linear search
With today's powerful computers, small to medium arrays can be searched relatively quickly.
The list does not need to sorted . Unlike a binary search, linear searching does not require an
ordered list. Not affected by insertions and deletions.
4.5 Testing
Testing is done to give permission the project to approve and deal with the problem for what
it is meant for. It is done to check either the final project meets the required criteria or not.
Testing is more than debugging. Testing can be done for quality assurance, verification and
validation or reliability estimation. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent
of finding errors.
4.5.1 TESTING TYPES
4.5.1.1 Unit Testing
This testing focus on each small part of code testing and software design which is also known
as module testing. All the modules and their interface of the project were tested which worked
fine.
4.5.1.2 Integration Test
While linking each module there can be data loss. Integration testing deals with the linkage of
each module and probable data loss while transferring data between them. The objective is to
take unit tested modules and builds program structures. All the modules are combined and
tested as a whole.
4.5.1.3 Validation
At the culmination of the integration testing, software is completely assembled as a package.
Interfacing errors have been uncovered and corrected and a final series of software test begin
in validation testing. Validation testing can be defined in many ways, but a simple definition
is that the validation succeeds when the software functions in a manner that is accepted by the
user.
4.5.1.4 Output Testing
After performing the validation testing, the next step is output testing of the proposed system,
since no system could be useful if it does not produce the required output in a specific format.
The output format on the screen is found to be correct; the format was designed in the system
design time according to the user needs.
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4.5.1.5 User Acceptance Testing
User acceptance of a system is the key factor for the success of any stream. The system under
consideration is tested for the user acceptance by constantly keeping in touch with the
prospective system user at the time of developing whenever required.
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CHAPTER- 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Limitation of Nepal Tourism Guide
The size of the database increases day-by-day, increasing the load on the database
backup and data maintenance activity.
It is not guaranteed that all people use internet and search the similar type of
applications that know the time complexity which affects the users.
Every post must be handled by admin. So, response may be slow.
5.2 Conclusion
Our project “Nepal Tourism Guide” provides the platform for those who are seeking and
providing job online. Nepal Tourism Guide can be the source of additional income that may
help in the uplift to the economics. The software takes cares of all the requirements and is
capable to provide easy and effective storage of information related to job processing.
It generates jobs, provide detail information
5.3 Further Enhancements
The proposed system is Nepal Tourism Guide. We can enhance this by including more
facilities like Company login where the Renowned Company directly post the jobs.
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References
Book:
- “Database system concepts”, 5th addition, TATA MC GRW HILL, by Henry F. Korth
[Retrieved from googlebooks.com]
Online Resources:
- https://google.com
- https://www.w3schools.com/
- https://www.youtube.com/
- https://www.laravel.com/
Appendix A
Screenshots:
Figure 6:Login Form
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Figure 7: Register form
Figure 8 : Home Page
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Figure 9: Destination page
Figure 10: About Us page
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Figure 11: Contact us page
Figure 12: User Post/React/Comment
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Figure 13: Show all Users
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Figure 14: Users Profile
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Figure 15: Searching Users
Figure 16: Searching Place
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