INFANT JESUS MOTESSORI SCHOOL

MALVAR, SANTIAGO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Waste Management and its Effect to our Environment

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT TO THE

REQUIREMENTS IN RESEARCH WRITING

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. IMELDA BRILLANTES-BAUTISTA

SUBMITTED BY:
KEILA T. BAYAUA & DANICA CARILLO

S.Y. 2020-2021
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis here entitled “WASTE MANAGEMENT AND IT’S

EFFECT TO OUR ENVIRONMENT” is prepared and submitted by Keila
Bayaua & Danica Carillo in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
second Semestral of the School Year 2020 - 2021 in Research Writing.

Approved by:

Dr. Imelda Brillantes Bautista

Directress / Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This paper and the research behind it would not have been possible
without the guidance our teacher, Dr. Imelda Brillantes Bautista. We are
grateful to have her advice through this process and also for encouraging
us in doing this research. . I would also like to thank my fellow classmates
and friends for their help and support in completing this research. And also,
I would like to thank my parents for not giving up on me, for their hard work
and sacrifices to raise us well. Their guidance and dedication through all of
my hardships has made me the person I am today.
 DEDICATION

This study is dedicated to my beloved parents, siblings,

relatives, friends, mentors and classmates who have always have been
every step of the way, giving me advice and encouragement. And lastly, I
dedicate this research paper to the Almighty God. All of these, we offer
you.
 ABTRACT

In this study you will learn about the importance and effects of
proper waste management in our environment. And it will show you what
will happen if we don’t manage our waste properly or if we don’t manage
our waste at all. It is important to know about waste management
especially in times like this because our environment is slowly dying
caused by our irresponsibility in disposing our own waste. By knowing the
proper way in managing our waste and doing it in our everyday life, we can
surely see an improvement in our environment. This research mainly
focuses on the benefits of waste management in our environment and why
we should do it properly.
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 INTRODUCTION

For a long time now we are causing many problems that affects our
environment because of the waste we generate from our daily lives. We are
making too much waste that we can’t control it anymore. Our environment
is very important to us. It is our home that provides us air, food and other
needs. If we don’t protect our environment then there will come a time
where it will become uninhabitable that will lead to the extinction of
humanity. . The environment is very important because it plays a significant
role to support life on earth, without it, it will be hard for us to life on our
daily lives. The environment is sustaining us with countless benefits that we
can’t repay for the rest of our lives because the environment is connected
with the trees, plants, vegetables, animals, water, air and many more. We
can say that without these things, we can’t live at all. Environment is a
place where we humans as well as plants and animals live. Keeping it
clean and neat is our responsibility because no one else can do it but us. It
is necessary to keep our environment clean because we get fresh air and
reduce any pollution.

That is why as early as possible we must cooperate with each other on

doing things that will benefit our environment like waste management.
Waste management is an essential part in protecting and saving our
environment because pollution is one of the biggest threat that our
environment is facing. It can lead to bad living condition and the arrival of
new and old diseases that may cause us death, waste management can
lessen the effects of pollution has in our environment.

Waste management refers to the ways we manage and dispose our waste,
like recycling, processing, reusing, discarding, controlling waste or
 destroying it. The main purpose of waste management is to reduce the
amount of unusable materials and to lessen the possible health hazards.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aims to assess and determine the effects of waste

management in our environment.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What does waste management contribute in protecting our

environment?

2. What will happen if we don’t manage our waste properly?

3. How can we manage our waste?

4. Are people aware of proper waste management?

1.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

PROBLEM: SOLUTION: OUTCOME:

- Improper waste - Seminar on waste -less pollution
management management
-we are protecting
-lack of awareness in -proper waste our environment
waste management management
-awareness of the
-the effects of not -raise awareness about people
disposing our waste the importance of waste
properly to our management
environment
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research mainly focuses on the importance of waste

management and how it will benefit us and our environment. It can and it
will be helpful for everyone; children, teen and adults for the reason that
through this research they will be provided with more information about
waste management and how it will also affect us if we don’t implement it. It
can fill some of the knowledge gaps and simple ways to stop our
environment from worsening and start changing it

1.5 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study will include at least 50 respondents, all respondents will be

Junior and Senior High School students randomly around Isabela. Only
respondents qualified and willing to participate in the research will be
included in the study. Each of the respondents are given same
questionnaires and will be answered individually by the samples who wish
to participate willingly. The findings will identify the effects of waste
management in our environment and if they practice waste management.

1.6 HYPOTHESIS

1. Some are already aware on the effects of waste management in

our environment but they don’t know the proper way to manage waste.

2. Some people do not practice waste management even if they

know it because they are lazy.

3. If we practice proper waste management, it will be very beneficial

for our environment
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

To further understand this research, the following are given

definitions:

 Waste – are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any

substance which is discarded after primary use, or is worthless,
defective and of no use.
 Waste Management – includes the activities and actions required to
manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.
 Environment – the surroundings or conditions in which a person,
animal, or plant lives or operates.
 Environmental Hazards- An environmental hazard is a substance, a
state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding
natural environment / or adversely affect people's health
 Encountered –A hostile or adversarial confrontation:
To experience or undergo
 Awareness – knowledge or perception of a situation or fact.
 Pollution - is the introduction of contaminants into the natural
environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form
of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light.
 Dispose – get rid of by throwing away or giving or selling to someone
else
 Recycling – is the process of converting waste materials into new
materials and objects. The recovery of energy from waste materials is
often included in this concept. The recyclability of a material depends
on its ability to reacquire the properties it had in its virgin or original
state.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 FOREIGN

How our Trash Impacts the Environment

Last February 8, 2019 Austin Downs and Richard Acevedo have stated on
their article that, the waste humans generate waste has been detrimental to
our environment for quite some time now. Humans are generating too
much trash and cannot deal with it in a sustainable way. Waste that is not
biodegradable and cannot be properly be recycled is filling our oceans and
landfills. Let’s take plastic waste as an example. A recent study found that
of the 6.3 billion metric tons of plastic waste that has been produced, only
9% of that plastic waste had been recycled. (Find out more about plastic
pollution and how you can help reduce your own waste.) In 2017, for
instance, the Environmental Protection Agency calculated that the total
generation of municipal solid waste in the United States just that year
was 267.8 million tons. Compared with 2015 levels, it was a 5.7 million
increase. All together, the amount of waste generated affects the
environment in multiple ways: its contribution to the worsening climate
crisis, its negative impact on wildlife and the natural environment, and its
detriment to our very own public health.

Climate Change

The way we dispose of waste is troubling. What is worse, in this decade

alone, it would seem that waste disposal has become more careless. What
we have failed to do is to put into action the ideas we believe will help us
mitigate or adapt to climate change.  Case in point: the trash that is
dumped in landfills releases methane gas. Taken one step further open
landfills were found to represent 91% of all landfill methane emissions. The
burning of large, open piles of trash in various parts of the world emits
dangerous levels of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that is heating up
our planet. Researchers have calculated that approximately 40% of the
world’s trash is burned in this fashion, posing large-scale risks to both our
atmosphere and the people that live near these burning sites.

Wildlife

Ecosystems vary widely from location to location. However, one of the most
outsize consequences of our global waste problem manifests itself in
relation to our marine life and waterways. Simply put, it affects the people
who depend on the ocean for their livelihoods. They cannot distinguish
between what is or isn’t food. They consume the trash, which results in
death because the aquatic animal could not process it. This affects fish,
seals, turtles, whales, and many other aquatic animals, as scientists have
also found many plastic fragments in over a thousand species. Due to
ingestion of trash or plastics, starvation is usually the next step because
some species do not have high acidic levels in their stomach to break down
the object that they ingested. There are some animals that do but plastic
fragments have been known to be able to last 100 years. When it comes to
biodiversity, our waste problem is severely plaguing the health of the
world’s species.

Public Health

Human health is at risk through our inaction. We keep producing large

amounts of trash, we do not dispose of it correctly, and in the end that will
be our downfall as it is for the environment and wildlife in the ecosystems
we all share. We cannot prevent or promote longevity with how we treat our
Earth. The more emissions that we produce due to how much trash we
generate, affects us long term. One can develop diseases such as asthma,
birth defects, cancer, cardiovascular disease, childhood cancer, COPD,
infectious diseases, low birth weight, and preterm delivery. Bacteria, vermin
and insects can also be added to the problem that trash causes.

The Economic and Environmental Impact of Waste Management

According to an article of Environmental Watch (October 13, 2017),

the waste management sector may not sound exciting, but right now
there’s a great deal of back and forth regarding Texas-based Waste
Management, Inc., whose price has been downgraded by Stifel–even as
the stock remains popular with other investors.

Then, of course, there’s the environmental impact of the company

and its industry: While Waste Management itself is dedicated to
sustainability, dealing with waste in a “green” way can be challenging, to
say the least.

So where do the financial and environmental elements intersect?

Despite being in the midst of a somewhat turbulent time financially, Waste
Management is generally believed to be poised for growth. Thom Weisel’s
Stifel Nicolaus downgraded their stock from a “buy” rating to a “hold” rating
recently, reducing the estimated target price from $85 to $80. Still, other
investors, like Eric Richardson’s Cambria Investment Management LP,
Judith Shine’s Shine Investment Advisory Services Inc., and more are
purchasing larger shares based on the prediction of long-term
improvements. Of 14 analysts covering the company, 6 have a “buy” rating,
1 “sell,” and 7 “hold,” which means 43 percent are positive.
The generally hopeful outlook for the company likely comes from the fact
that the world will always need waste management, and WM is the leading
provider of this service in the US, Canada, and Puerto Rico. They and their
subsidiaries collect, sort, recycle, and dispose of waste. And WM is making
a real effort to keep their work as environmentally friendly as possible.
Waste, as you might expect, can have a significant impact on the
environment. The EPA frequently reevaluates the way companies dispose
of hazardous and municipal solid waste and adapts best practices
accordingly. There are many laws in place to keep things tidy as well: the
1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), as well as related
amendments, keep general practices efficient and safe, while the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
of 1980 (CERCLA) governs the disposal of contaminated waste.
According to Waste Management’s website, their waste disposal practices
are in line with these policies, and they supplement them with extended
education and performance goals. By focusing on consuming less, emitting
less, protecting the environment, enhancing the communities they service,
and complying with all rules and regulations, WM creates value and
sustainability. Their Environmental Department has developed an
Environmental Management Program to ensure green performance and to
protect the environment in all of their practices, as well as educating staff
on the latest laws around practices and documentation.
WM’s financial future may be a bit up in the air, but they continue to provide
services that show their dedication to making waste management practices
as sustainable as possible.

Impact Of Solid Waste Disposal And Management On The

Environment

According to an article of Pulp and Paper Technology on the year 2021,

one of the major environmental problems that developing countries are
facing is improper solid waste disposal and management strategies. Ever
since the industrial revolution, solid waste has been a major environmental
issue. Besides the waste, we generate at school, home, market, and other
public places, they are also those from industries, farms, hospitals,
pharmaceuticals, and other sources. While some of the garbage, refuse,
sludge, trash, and rubbish are biodegradable e.g., paper products, food
droppings, as well as vegetation like grass and twigs, and others are not
biodegradable and they include metals, aluminum cans, plastics, broken
computers, and car parts. As they do not decay easily, they pile up in
landfills and refuse dumps and these bring great harm to the water, land,
and people around it. The lack of efficient waste management practices
leads to health hazards, unsightliness, traffic congestion, blockage of
drainages, and unpleasantness. The solid wastes could be defined as non-
gaseous and non-liquid products of human activities, considered as being
useless. Improved waste management and a sustainable environment
offers opportunities for health improvements, income generation, and
reduced vulnerability. The problems of waste disposal are becoming
complex as population and industrial production increase and hence waste
generation has also increased. Due to the rapid growth of the population,
solid waste management has become particularly difficult today.

Effects of Biomedical Waste on the Environment

According to Megan Chamberlain last 26 of November 2020,

biomedical waste is defined as any type of waste created during a
diagnostic process, the treatment of a condition or disease, or
immunizations of humans or animals. It also includes any research
activities or processes that involve biological testing. In essence, it’s any
type of waste that contains any type of material that may be contaminated
with potentially infectious properties. Infectious properties can be found in
syringes delivering medications or chemotherapy. They can be found in
bedding, bandages, or clothing contaminated with blood or bodily fluids of a
person infected with a communicable disease. 
 
 
Healthcare waste management, including that of biomedical waste, is as
important as disposal of that waste. The impact of biomedical waste on the
environment should be the concern of every employee in every healthcare
facility, regardless of size or location. That’s why it’s important to identify it
and segregate it properly.
 

Identifying biomedical waste

Identification of biomedical waste is the first step toward proper waste
segregation. Regulations regarding the identification and processes
involved in segregation, treatments, and disposal of such waste were
developed in the early 1990s. Biomedical waste is divided into a number of
categories: Sharps, Blood products, any type of waste contaminated with
potentially infectious human blood, body fluids, or blood components,
Pathological waste, Infectious waste, Carcasses, and Trace Chemotherapy
waste.
 
The EPA provides detailed regulations for hazardous waste generators.
State laws also apply. Generators of biomedical waste need to manage it
properly and have a biomedical waste management plan in place. Some
facilities (based on volume of medical waste generated on a monthly basis)
are encouraged to implement on-site hazardous waste management
practices.
If biomedical waste is not properly handled, dangers to the environment are
not only possible but likely.
 
Improper segregation of biomedical waste and different medical waste
streams from the point of origin can trigger a domino-like effect on the
environment that incurs dangers to people, animals, or soil and water
sources.
Improper segregation and disposal of biomedical waste has the potential to
contaminate groundwater sources, which in turn may infect humans and
animals alike. From a hospital’s waste and storage receptacles to landfills,
biomedical waste needs to be properly contained to keep it away from
birds, rodents, and stray animals (as well as humans). This enhances
packaging and labelling of contaminants and helps prevent the spread of
illness through human and animal populations – by air, land, or water.
If not properly contained, segregated, and incinerated through on-site or
off-site incineration, environmental hazards associated with improper
healthcare waste management can contaminate the air we breathe through
dangerous airborne particles. Radioactive particles produced with
diagnostic technologies have the potential to reach a landfill or other areas
of the environment, especially air. Air pollutants disseminated over huge
areas of inhabited land have the potential to trigger a number of illnesses.

Environmental Effects of Poor Waste Management

According to an author on Environmental Insider (May 19, 2021),

traditionally, health and safety have been the major concerns in the
management of the solid waste eventual effective disposal. However,
society now demands more than this: that the solid waste management
system should consider both short- and long-term effects on the
environment (including conservation of resources and prevention of
pollution), and the system should be reliable and environmentally
compatible. Biodegradable organic materials attract  rats, flies, mosquitoes,
cockroaches, pigs, birds and other vectors which can transfer human and
animal diseases to the human population. They also emit greenhouse
gases (predominantly methane and carbon dioxide ) in the transformation
processes. Methane is estimated to be approximately 20 times more
damaging than carbon dioxide on a volume basis (USEPA, 1994) and
therefore methane is very significant with respect to climate change.

The waste material also often contains broken glass and other sharp
objects which are potentially dangerous to people coming in contact with
this waste. Hanks (1967) and Techobanoglous et al. (1993) traced the
relationship of 22  human diseases to inadequate solid waste management.
Diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid, salmonellosis, plague, hepatitis,
chronic respiratory diseases that can spread due to poor management of
solid waste. Thus unhygienically disposed waste in urban areas poses a
serious health hazard to urban dwellers, particularly to the poorest of the
poor, waste workers and scavenging solid waste as a source of income   in
lower middle class countries.

2.2 Local

How Hazardous Waste Disposal Affects the Environment

According to Richard Espinoza last November 24, 2020, if you live in

a developed nation, chances are companies in your country dispose of
quite literally tons of hazardous waste products every day.

Sadly, much of this waste is not dealt with properly, and can come back to
haunt us. Anything from a wadded-up bubble gum wrapper to radioactive
waste, if left unchecked, can leave a huge and damaging footprint on our
ecosystems.

In order to understand exactly the impact hazardous waste disposal

has on our environment, let’s take a look at some types of hazardous
waste, the effects they have in both the short and long term, and what your
options are for safe disposal.
There are several types of hazardous waste that industries, medical
facilities and even schools can produce. The thing to keep in mind is that
not all waste is hazardous, but that doesn’t necessarily mean non-
hazardous waste can do no harm.
 Hazardous waste has enormous impacts on the environment. Air,
soil, water and wildlife health are all affected by the amounts of hazardous
waste generated every day by business and industry. 

Status of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines

According to the study of Alicia L. Castillo, Suehiro Otoma on the year

2013, the global community recognized that Solid Waste Management
(SWM) is an issue that requires serious attention. The aggressive pursuit
for economic growth, by developing countries like the Philippines, has
resulted in the manufacture, distribution and use of products and
generation of wastes that contributes to environmental degradation and
global climate change. Available data showed that the Philippines is the 9th
most among the countries at risk from climate change due to rise of sea
levels, intense storm surges and droughts. This is heavily manifested in the
frequent and intense floods the country is experiencing from devastating
typhoons which, many claim, are due to climate change. Along with
economic progress, the rapid growth in population has also made waste
management a major environmental challenge for the country. The
Philippine population in 2012 to be around 97 million with an annual growth
rate of 1.87%. According to this figure, the Philippines is the 12th largest
country in the world today. The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000 (Republic Act 9003) was approved in January 26, 2001 and came into
effect on February 16, 2001. Systematic administration of activities which
provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage,
transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other
waste management activities which do not harm the environment´. In the
country, the local government units (LGUs) hold the primary responsibility
for the effective and efficient solid waste management. Despite this law,
however, poor solid waste management in the Philippines is still prevalent
since open and controlled dumps are being used in the country. This poses
great threats on the country environment and public health that include: a)
alteration of physical and chemical properties of soil due to percolation of
landfill gases (CO2 and CH4) and leachates from unsanitary landfills and
open dumps; b) objectionable odor; and c) soil and groundwater pollution.
But the gravest problem now in the country is the scarcity of new landfill
sites for the growing number of garbage generated by the Filipinos.
Published in 2004, Metro Manila alone is projected to generate over
seventy million tons of solid waste in the next thirty years. However, many
landfills in the Philippines are already filled up to its capacity and forced to
close. This was intensely felt due to the premature closure of the San
Mateo Waste Disposal Facility (SMWDF) sometime in 2000, since this
dumpsite was then used as garbage disposal for most of solid waste
generated in Metro Manila. This paper reviews the management and
challenges of municipal SWM in the Philippines in the midst of the growing
number of garbage generated by the substantial population in the urban
centers of the country and the possible and innovative ways to manage
solid waste.

Environment

According to an article on USAID last August 26, 2019, as one of the

fastest growing countries in Asia, the Philippines faces environmental
challenges, with disproportionate impacts on the poor and women.
Ineffective management seriously degrades the country’s significant
biodiversity resources; water and air pollution levels exceed generally
accepted healthy standards; greenhouse gas emissions are increasing
from the transport and power sectors; and the country is ranked as one of
the world’s most vulnerable to the impacts of environmental disasters.

For the Philippines to become a more stable, prosperous and well-

governed nation, the country must become more environmentally resilient
and better able to cope with the impact of natural disasters and recover
quickly. Natural resources play a critical role in the Philippine economy, as
agriculture, fisheries, and forestry represent about 10 percent of gross
domestic product and account for almost 30 percent of employment.
Equally important, natural capital provides energy, water, flood control,
storm mitigation and other environmental services that benefit the entire
country, including cities. USAID assistance improves natural resource
management in the Philippines; promotes water and energy security; and
reduces vulnerability to and natural disasters.

What out Barangays should be doing about Waste Management

An article of Yazhmin Malajito last April 6, 2018 stated that, our

country has a terrible waste management system. Last year, Pasig River
ranked eighth in the list of the top plastic waste contributors in the world
and second in relation to its area. We’ve known the classic 3Rs—reduce,
reuse, recycle—since we were kids, but oftentimes, it seems that this grade
school lesson remains a concept meant to be learned and passed but not
practiced. I can’t blame you all, though, especially the underprivileged
urban communities whose problems don’t include saving the earth because
they need to eat three times a day first. But I can point my fingers to the
government. Alex Lizares and Monica Vivar of Denuo, a brand that
champions slow fashion, at the ECOlta Fair During the first ECOlta Fair, a
two-day fair focusing on the basics of eco-living and waste management,
last Apr. 14 and 15 at the HUB: Make Lab in Escolta, the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000 was discussed. Before the talk, I never
knew this law existed—or that some people from the government 18 years
ago took waste management seriously. R.A. 9003 provides the legal
essential structure for the country’s systematic and comprehensive solid
waste management to protect public health and the environment. Among
other things, it highlights the need to form the programs, like recycling
programs and information dissemination about waste, and impose
penalties for violating any of its provisions. Aside from the national
institutions like Department of Environment and Natural Resources and
Department of the Interior and Local Government, our very own barangays
are mandated to do something bigger than itself about this, too. For
starters, they’re tasked to establish a Barangay Solid Waste Management
Committee to oversee the eco-programs in their community. They’re also
mandated to establish and maintain a Materials Recovery Facility, “a solid
waste transfer station or sorting station, drop-off center, a composting
facility, and a recycling facility.” Did you know that there’s a “no
segregation, no collection” policy in the law? Barangays should be stern
about this so that constituents would segregate their own garbage, a.k.a.
set penalties. Everyone can also file a civil, criminal, or administrative case
against the violators of the law. Above all, to properly enact this law and to
be fair, the barangays should conduct seminars and take all the routes to
get the word out and educate the people about waste management.

Philippine Environmental Laws

According to the Philippine Environmental Laws, As people

become more vigilant about the state of the environment and insistent that
offenders of environmental laws be held accountable, the Philippine
environmental laws and government regulations are in place with the intent
of protecting the environment and aid people from all walks of life in their
pursuit to a balance and healthful ecology. Indeed, the environment has
become such an important issue. It is imperative that people should be fully
informed on what the relevant environmental laws are so that they may be
fully aware what are allowed and what are prohibited in relation to the
actions they take towards the environment.

Presidential Decree (PD) 1586: Philippine Environmental Impact

Statement System
This law requires private corporations, firms or entities including
agencies and instrumentalities of the government to prepare an
environmental impact statement (EIS) for every proposed project and
undertaking which significantly affect the quality of the environment.
The EIS is a document that provides acomprehensive study of the
significant impacts of a project on the environment. It is prepared and
submitted by the project proponent and/or EIA Consultant as an
application for an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC).
In general, only projects that pose potential significant impact to the
environment shall be required to secure an ECC.
In determining the scope of the EIS System, two factors are
considered: (i) the nature of the project and its potential to cause
significant negative environmental impacts, and (ii) the sensitivity or
vulnerability of environmental resources in the project area.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the process that involves
evaluating and predicting the likely impacts of a projecton the
environment during construction, commissioning, operation and
abandonment. It is undertaken by, among others, the project
proponent and/or EIA Consultant, EMB, a Review Committee,
affected communities and other stakeholders.
An ECC is a document issued by the DENR/EMB after a positive
review of an ECC application, certifying that based on the
representations of the proponent, the proposed project or
undertaking will not cause significant negative environmental impact.
The ECC also certifies that the proponent has complied with all the
requirements of the EIS System and has committed to implement its
approved Environmental Management Plan.3
Republic Act (RA) 8749: Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1999
Provides for a comprehensive air quality management policy and
program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all
Filipinos.
The DENR Secretary, upon recommendation of the EMB, will divide
the country into different airsheds. Airsheds are to be designated
based on climate, weather, meteorology, and topology, which affect
the mixture and diffusion of pollutants in the air, share common
interests or face similar development problems. These will be
managed by multi-sectoral Governing Boards chaired by the DENR
Secretary with representatives from concerned government
agencies, the private sector, NGOs and LGUs.
The Clean Air Act covers allpotential sources of air pollution, to wit:
(1) Mobile Sources (eg. motor vehicles); (2) Point or Stationary
Sources (eg. industrial plants); and (3) Area Sources (eg. wood or
coal burning)
Smoke belching vehicles on the road will undergo emission testing.
Violators will be subject to the following fines/penalties:
1st Offense P 1,000.00
2nd Offense P 3,000.00
3rd Offense P 5,000.00 plus a seminar on pollutionmanagement.
In order to achieve clean air, we need clean fuels. The CAA provides
for the complete phase-out of leaded gasoline; lowering of the sulfur
content of industrial and automotive diesel; lowering ofaromatics and
benzene in unleaded gasoline.
Stationary sources must comply with the National Emission
Standards for Source Specific Air Pollutants (NESSAP) and National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and must secure their
permit to operate, prior to operation. A business firm is fined of not
more than P100,000 for every day of violation until such time that
standards are met or imprisonment of not less than 6 years but not
more than 10 years upon the discretion of the court. The Pollution
Adjudication Board (PAB) adjudicates all environmental cases.4
RA 9275: Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
The law aims to protect the country’s water bodies from land-based
pollution sources (industries and commercial establishments,
agriculture and community/household activities) It provides for a
comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize
pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach
involving all the stakeholders.
Under the Act, discharges of wastewater shall be controlled. Owners
or operators of facilities that discharge wastewater are required to
get a permit to discharge from the EMB or the Laguna Lake
Development Authority.
Domestic wastewater will be addressed accordingly. The
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), in coordination
with local government units (LGUs) will prepare a national program
on sewage and septagemanagement. On the other hand, LGUs are
to provide the land including road right of the way for the construction
of sewage and/or septage treatment facilities and raise funds for the
operations and maintenance of said facilities.
The Department of Health (DOH) will formulate guidelines and
standards for the collection, treatment and disposal of sewage as
well as the guidelines for the establishment and operation of
centralized sewage treatment system. The water district will provide
water supply and sewerage facilities and to connect existing sewage
lines, subject to the payment of sewerage service charges/fees
within five years following effectivity of this Act.
Anyone discharging wastewater into a water body will have to pay a
wastewater charge. This economic instrument will encourage
investments in cleaner production and pollution control technologies
to reduce the amount of pollutants generated and discharged.
RA 6969: Philippine Toxic Substances and Hazardous and
Nuclear Waste Act
The Act provides the legal framework for the Philippines to control
andmanage the importation, manufacture, processing, distribution, 5
use, transport, treatment and disposal of toxic substances and
hazardous and nuclear wastes.
A Chemical Control Order (CCO) is issued by the DENR toprohibit,
limit or regulate the use, manufacture, import, export, transport,
processing, storage, possession and wholesale of priority chemicals
that are determined to beregulated, phased-out, or banned because
of the serious risks they pose to public healthand the environment.
Of the 48 toxic chemicals listed in the Priority Chemical List (PCL),
five have already been covered by CCOs inthe form of DAOs. These
CCOs are for: mercury (DAO 97-38), cyanide (DAO 97-39), asbestos
(DAO 2000-02), ozone-depleting substances (DAO2000-18), and
polychlorinated biphenyls (DAO 2004-01).
RA 9003: Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
(PESWMA) of 2000
It provides the legal framework for the country’s systematic,
comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program
that shall ensure protection of public health and the environment.
Key features of the Solid Waste Management Act
1. Creation of the National Solid Waste Management Commission
(NSWMC), the National Ecology Center (NEC), and the Solid Waste
Management Board (NSWMB) in every province, city and
municipality in the country.
The NSWMC shall be responsible in the formulation of the National
Solid Waste Management Framework (NSWMF) and other policies
on solid waste (SW), in overseeing the implementation of solid waste
management plans and the management of the solid waste
management fund.
The NEC, on the other hand, shall be responsible for consulting,
information, training and networking services relative to the
implementation of R.A.No. 9003.6
The NSWMB of provinces, cities, and municipalities shall be
responsible for the development of their respective SW management
plans.
2. Formulation of the NSWMF 10-year SW plans by local
government units;
3. Mandatory segregation of SW to be conducted at the source;
4. Setting of minimum requirements to ensure systematic collection
and transport of wastes and the proper protection of garbage
collectors' health;
5. Establishment of reclamation programs and buy-back centers for
recyclable and toxic materials;
6. Promotion of eco-labeling and prohibition on non-environmentally
acceptable products and packaging;
7. Establishment of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in every
barangay or cluster of barangays;
8. Prohibition against the use of open dumps and setting of
guidelines/criteria for the establishment of controlled dumps and
sanitary landfills;
9. Provision of rewards, grants and incentives both monetary and
non-monetaryto encourage LGUs and the public to undertake
effective SW management;
10. Promotion of research on SWM and environmental education in
the formal and non-formal sectors.
RA 9729: Climate Change Act of 2009
RA 9729 aims to systematically integrate the concept of climate
change in the policy formulation and development plans of all
government agencies and units, to the end that the government will
be prepared for the impact of climate change.
The law created the Climate Change Commission, composed of the
President, as Chairperson, and three (3) commissioners to be
appointed by the President, which is tasked to coordinate, monitor
and evaluate the programs and action plans of the government
relating to climate change. Government agencies have likewise been
assigned their respective roles under RA 9729. For instance, the
Department of Education is tasked to integrate climate change into
the primary and secondary education curricula, including textbooks
and other education materials. Government Financial Institutions are 7
allowed to provide preferential financial packages for climate
change-related projects.
RA 9512: Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008.
It’s an Act to promote environmental awareness through
Environmental Education (EE) and covers the integration of EE in
the school curricula at all levels, be it public or private, including day
care, preschool, non-formal, technical, vocational, indigenous
learning, and out-of-school youth courses or programs.
Section 6 of the Act says that the DepEd, CHED, TESDA, DENR,
DOST and other relevant agencies, in consultation with experts on
the environment and the academe, shall lead in the implementation
of public education and awareness programs on environmental
protection and conservation through collaborative interagency and
multi-sectoral effort at all levels.It also declares November as the
Environmental Awareness Month in the Philippines
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

This research study utilized experimental research design in its

analysis. Experimental research is a purposive process of data gathering,

analyzing, classifying and tabulating data about prevailing conditions,

practices, beliefs, processes, trends, and cause-effect relationships and

then adequate and accurate interpretation about such data with or without

aid of statistical treatment.

The experimental research method that has used is the survey,

which includes online questionnaires, online interview, phone surveys, and

normative surveys.

3.2 RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

 The study will include at least 50 respondents, all respondents will be
Junior and Senior High School students randomly around Isabela. Only
respondents qualified and willing to participate in the research will be
included in the study. Each of the respondents are given same
questionnaires and will be answered individually by the samples who wish
to participate willingly. The findings will identify the effects of waste
management in our environment and if they practice waste management.

3.3 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The main instrument used was a researcher-made

questionnaire checklist made up of two parts. Part I of the research

instrument consists of the items which gather respondents’ profile such as

their name, gender and the grade level and the Part II consists of the

answer sheet that have 49 questions about the study.

3.4 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

With the approval of the school principal and the subject

teacher, the researcher distributed the questionnaire through online

platform to chosen respondents.

 The questionnaire gathered from the respondents were scored, tallied

and tabulated.

3.5 STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

To give the meaning to the data that was gathered, the researcher

used the frequency and percent distribution.

✓ Simple Frequency was used in analyzing the data. The

frequency count is employed to treat the data gathered from the

questionnaire. It is used to compare the size of the sample

frame to the population and the frequency of the item to the

whole item of the questionnaire.

The Formula for Percent:

P = f / N x 100

Where:

f = frequency
p = percent

N = total number of population