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CWNA Study Question

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Terms in this set (120)

An RF wave is weaker after Correct Answer is:D

traveling through some Absorption occurs when an RF wave travels
material in its path, what is the through a material that converts the RF wave
term used to describe what energy to heat as it passes through. Some of the
happened as the RF wave RF wave energy is lost and some of it passes
passed through the material? through the material. For example, a wall may
You must select 1 answer absorb 4 dB of signal strength so that a signal
A. Reflection entering the wall at -46 dBm exits the wall at -42
B. Refraction dBm even though only a few inches of distance
C. Scattering are travelled.
D. Absorption

What occurs naturally as an Correct Answer is:B

RF wave travels through space Free space path loss (FSPL) is the natural weaking
between antennas? of the RF signal amplitude as it travels through
You must select 1 answer space and the wavefront spreads to cover an
A. VSWR every larger area.
B. FSPL
C. Amplification
D. Phase altering

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Correct Answer is:A

What is a relative unit of The decibel (dB) is a relative unit of measurement.
measurement that allows For example, an antenna may add 6 dB of gain,
comparison of the amplitude but without knowing the input power (that to
between two signals? which the antenna gain is relative) you have no
You must select 1 answer way to determine the actual power (absolute
A. dB power) of the signal leaving the antenna. dBm and
B. RSSI mW are absolute power metrics with dBm being
C. dBm logarithmic and mW being linear. RSSI is an
D. mW arbitrary value defined in the 802.11 standard for
received signal strength reporting.

A AP transmits with an output Correct Answer is:D

power level of 25 mW and 17 dBm is equal to 50 mW. 25 mW * 2 is 50 mW.
uses a 3 dBi antenna. What is When you add 3 dBi of antenna gain, you double
the EIRP? the output power from the antenna, which is
You must select 1 answer where EIRP is measured.
A. 3 dBm
B. 5 dBm
C. 10 dBm
D. 17 dBm

When an RF link in a bridging Correct Answer is:A

implementation spans more You must always consider FSPL, SNR and output
than 7 miles, what must be power in bridge links. When a link spans more than
considered that need not 7 miles, you must also consider earth bulge.
typically be considered
otherwise?
You must select 1 answer
A. Earth bulge
B. FSPL
C. SNR
D. Output power

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What phrase defines an Correct Answer is:C

Intentional Radiator? The intentional radiator, in a WLAN transmission
You must select 1 answer system, is the point at which the antenna is
A. The power output from the connected. The signal originates at a transmitter
radio into the RF cable and may pass through connectors, amplifiers,
B. The power output from the attenuators, and cables before reaching the
antenna antenna. These components amplify or attenuate
C. The power provided to the the signal resulting in the output power at the
antenna including radio intentional radiator before entering the antenna.
output power and all cable
and connector losses
D. The power received by the
receiving antenna

What multi-antenna Correct Answer is:A

technology used at the Transmit beamforming (also called TxBF) was
transmitter to improve the introduced in the 802.11n standard, but narrowed
signal received at the receiver to one method (explicit beamforming) in 802.11ac.
was first introduced in 802.11n It uses manipulated transmissions out of multiple
and standardized on a single antennas to cause signal upfade at the receiver for
option in 802.11ac? improved received signal strength.
You must select 1 answer
A. Transmit beamforming
B. MRC
C. STBC
D. Diversity

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What new transmission Correct Answer is:C

technology was introduced in Multi-user MIMO was introduced in 802.11ac and
802.11ac that allows for an AP supports downlink simultaneous transmissions to
to transmit to more than one compatible clients in the right conditions. MIMO
client STA concurrently? was introduced in 802.11n and works in both
You must select 1 answer downlink and uplink communications.
A. TxBF
B. MIMO
C. MU-MIMO
D. MRC

When installing an omni- Correct Answer is:B

directional SISO antenna for Pole/mast mounts often use u-brackets to connect
outdoor coverage, what kind the antenna mounting kit to a pole or a mast.
of mount is commonly used
that includes u-brackets?
You must select 1 answer
A. Ceiling mount
B. Pole/mast mount
C. Wall mount
D. Desktop mount

What organization certifies Correct Answer is:D

equipment to interoperate The Wi-Fi Alliance grants certifications to tested
with other 802.11-based equipment validating interoperability and
equipment? performance related to security, QoS, power
You must select 1 answer management, VoIP and connectivity.
A. IEEE
B. IETF
C. FCC
D. Wi-Fi Alliance

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When a new PHY is to be Correct Answer is:B

created for the 802.11 The first thing that is formed is a working group.
standard, what is formed first? The working group will see the change through
You must select 1 answer the draft and ratification phases until the
A. Draft amendment either becomes part of the standard
B. Working group or is dropped without ratification.
C. Ratified amendment
D. Proposals

What PHY operates in 2.4 GHz Correct Answer is:C

and is capable of a maximum The High Rate/Direct Sequency Spread Spectrum
of 11 Mbps? (HR/DSSS) PHY supports 5.5 and 11 Mbps data
You must select 1 answer rates. All listed PHYs operate in 2.4 GHz, but DSSS
A. HT has a lower maximum data rate (2 Mbps) and ERP
B. ERP and HT have higher maximum data rates (54 Mbps
C. HR/DSSS and 600 Mbps respectively).
D. DSSS

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In addition to modulation, Correct Answer is:C

guard interval, channel width, The MCS tables in the standard do not consider
and the number of spatial signal strength, RSSI, or noise floor. In production
streams, what impacts the systems, these are important factors when
data rate according to the determining the data rate that can be used, but
802.11-2016 MCS tables? the MCS tables focus on modulation, coding,
You must select 1 answer guard interval, channel width and the number of
A. RSSI spatial streams.
B. Signal strength
C. Coding
D. Noise floor

What 2.4 GHz channels are Correct Answer is:D

available worldwide in all Channels 1 through 11 are available in all regulatory
regulatory domains? domains worldwide. For this reason, some client
You must select 1 answer devices only support these channels. Some
A. 1 through 14 regulatory domains allow for channels 12 and 13 as
B. 1 through 13 well. Japan allows limited use of channel 14.
C. 1 through 12
D. 1 through 11

When multiple APs are used Correct Answer is:A

with a shared distribution An Extended Service Set (ESS) exists when the
system, such as Ethernet, what APs can communicate with each other across a
kind of WLAN service set is in distribution system. In nearly all cases, a shared
use? SSID is used to identify the ESS in which they
You must select 1 answer participate, but other factors can be involved as
A. ESS well, such as shared controllers or specific
B. IBSS infrastructure configuration options.
C. Ad-hoc
D. Mesh BSS

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What is typically mapped to Correct Answer is:B

the MAC address of the AP The BSSID is mapped to the AP MAC address in
when only a single BSS is most situations when only a single BSS is
implemented by the AP? implemented on the radio. When multiple BSSs
You must select 1 answer (multiple SSIDs) are used, BSSIDs are generated
A. SSID for each SSID and look like MAC addresses.
B. BSSID
C. ESSID
D. DSM

What kind of roaming may Correct Answer is:A

take place and include Layer 1 The primary roaming we consider at Layer 1 is that
roaming? which occurs when a STA moves from a 2.4 GHz
You must select 1 answer BSS to a 5 GHz BSS or vice versa. In this case, the
A. Band roaming from 2.4 GHz client radio must switch from 2.4 GHz operation to
to 5 GHz 5 GHz operation.
B. Roaming from Wi-Fi to
Ethernet
C. Roaming from Wi-Fi to
Token Ring
D. No roaming involves Layer 1

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When is an authentication Correct Answer is:C

response frame used? In the 802.11 standard, while there is an association
You must select 1 answer request and association response frame used by
A. When an authentication 802.11 Open System authentication, there is only an
request frame has been authentication frame. Whether it is a request or
received response depends on the sequence in the frame
B. When a client accidentally exchange.
disconnects from the AP
C. The 802.11 standard only
specifies an authentication
frame and not request and
response frames for
authentication
D. When a probe request
frame is received

What is required before a Correct Answer is:D

Block Acknowledgement can To use Block Ack frames and acknowledge a block
be used? of frames (multiple frames) in one
You must select 1 answer acknowledgement, a block acknowledgement
A. 802.11g must be the active request exchange must first take place between
PHY two peers. This exchange establishes the allowed
B. 802.11i must be duration of the block of frames and begins the
implemented in the BSS process of a block ack implementation.
C. A sounding exchange must
take place
D. A block acknowledgement
request exchange must take
place

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A client STA is sending Probe Correct Answer is:A

Request frames on several Active scanning uses Probe Reqeust and Probe
channels. What kind of WLAN Response frames to locate an acceptable BSS.
scanning is in use? Passive scanning uses the content in Beacon
You must select 1 answer frames to locate a BSS.
A. Active scanning
B. Passive scanning
C. Port scanning
D. Channel pruning

What is the basic process of Correct Answer is:B

Open System authentication? The basic process of Open System authenticaiton
You must select 1 answer begins with an authentication request and
A. Authentication request, ID authentication response. If the response is
request, ID response, successful, the next step is an association request
Authentication response, and association response. No ID is used in Open
Association request, and System authentication. It is simply a method to
Association response establish an active association between two 802.11
B. Authentication request, peers and through the process ensuring the ability
Authentication response, to communicate.
Association request, and
Association response
C. Authentication request,
Association response
D. Authentication request,
Probe response, Association
request, Probe response

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What defines data rates for HT Correct Answer is:C

and VHT devices? The Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) tables
You must select 1 answer define the data rates. Due to the complexity of
A. They are fixed at 150, 180 data rate definition that was first introduces in HT
and 240 Mbps (802.11n), MCS tables that map modulation, coding
B. They are fixed at 1, 2, 5.5 rates, number of spatial streams, channel width,
and 11 Mbps and guard interval to data rates were created.
C. MCS tables
D. PHY parameter tables

Correct Answer is:D

What is in HT and VHT PHY
The training fields are used in HT and VHT (as well
preambles that allows for the
as OFDM and ERP) PHYs to synchronize the
synchronization of the
receiver with the incoming signal. The length field
receiving radio?
in the PHY PLCP header indicates the length (in
You must select 1 answer
octets or bytes) of the current frame. The data rate
A. Length field
indicates the rate at which the PSDU (or MPDU if
B. Data rate specification
you prefer) will be transmitted. The Duration (or
C. Duration field
Duration/ID) field is in the MAC header and not
D. Training fields
the PHY preamble or PHY PLCP header.

What interframe space is used Correct Answer is:B

before an Ack frame? The short IFS (SIFS) is used before an Ack frame. It
You must select 1 answer is shorter than a DIFS or AIFS and provides
A. DIFS assurance of quick delivery of Ack frames, which is
B. SIFS important to prevent retries that would be
C. AIFS unnecessary.
D. EIFS

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Correct Answer is:C

The AIFS duration varies for each access category
What is used to determine the
(AC) defined in EDCA. An AIFSN is assigned to the
number of slot times used in
AC and is used in the algorithm that calculates the
the formula to calculate an
AIFS duration. The defaults are 9 (AC_BK), 6
AIFS duration when EDCA is
(AC_BE), 3 (AC_VI), and 2 (AC_VO). The formula is
used?
AIFS = AIFSN * SlotTime +SIFS. Given that the AIFS
You must select 1 answer
always includes a SIFS plus the AIFSN multiplied
A. Data rate
by the slot time for the PHY, the AIFS will always
B. Frame duration
be longer than the SIFS. For your reference, the
C. AIFS number (AIFSN)
slot times for the 802.11 PHYs are DSSS (20 ms),
D. The AIFS duration is fixed
HR/DSSS (20 ms), OFDM (9 ms), ERP (20 ms [long]
for each PHY
or 9 ms [short]), HT (same as OFDM in 5 GHz and
ERP in 2.4 GHz) and VHT (9 ms).

What kind of WLAN Correct Answer is:C

management solution does Controller- and virtual controller-based APs have
not include centralized 802.11 some MAC operations in the controller. Cloud-
MAC processing of any kind, based APs require access to the Internet. A WNMS
but does include centralized may manage AP configuration and even monitor
configuration of the APs the AP, but not MAC operations take place in the
without the use of the WNMS solution.
Internet?
You must select 1 answer
A. Cloud-based
B. Controller-based
C. WNMS-based
D. Virtual controller-based

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A push-to-talk device has Correct Answer is:B

similar requirements most A push-to-talk device is most like a VoIP handset
alike to what other common among those listed. Both use audio streaming
WLAN client device? protocols/codecs and require low latency and
You must select 1 answer jitter.
A. Laptop with standard data
applications
B. VoIP handset
C. Handheld scanners
D. 802.11 video cameras

When implementing a WLAN Correct Answer is:C

for corporate data access, You must consider authentication, authorization,
you are planning for WPA2 confidentiality and integrity. Authentication can be
implementation. What issue provided with 802.1X. Authorization can be
related to planning corporate implemented using VLANs and role-based access
data access are you control. Confidentiality can be provided with
considering? CCMP/AES encryption. Finally, integrity can be
You must select 1 answer provided with integrity checks.
A. Ensure sufficient coverage
B. Ensure sufficient throughput
C. Ensure sufficient security
D. Ensure availability

When implementing a WLAN Correct Answer is:B

bridge link you must ensure Remember that, for long distance links, you must
60% clearance of what keep the first Fresnel zone cleared by at least 60
defined zone? percent and preferably 80 percent. This will ensure
You must select 1 answer a consistent connection. You may have to plan for
A. BSA zone first Fresnal zone inspections periodically over the
B. Fresnel zone life of the link as foliage and new construction can
C. Antenna height zone interfere with the link over time.
D. PoE zone

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You are deploying an RTLS Correct Answer is:A

solution. What is an important RTLS is incorporated into many WLAN vendor
requirement of most RTLS solutions today and it requires special design
implementations? considerations. In many cases, the APs/sensors
You must select 1 answer must be around the periphery of the area with
A. Sensors placed around the additional APs/sensors throughout to accomplish
facility perimeter proper triangulation processes. In most cases, a
B. Use of at least one sensor coverage-based WLAN design will not meet the
for every STA requirements of RTLS.
C. Use of at least two sensors
for every AP
D. Implementation of VPN
connectivity from the sensors
to the monitoring server

Correct Answer is:D

You have implemented a
Band steering can be an effective tool in all
feature on the APs that
WLANs, but it is particularly beneficial in high
temporarily ignores 2.4 GHz
density networks. It works by simply ignoring 2.4
probe requests in order to
GHz requests and responding to only 5 GHz
direct more client STAs to 5
requests once the 2.4 GHz maximum connection
GHz channels. What is this
limit is reached. Alternatively, it will always delay a
feature?
response in the 2.4 GHz band to see if the client
You must select 1 answer
attempts to connect on the 5 GHz band. If the
A. AirTime Fairness
client does not connect on the 5 GHz band, the
B. RRM
AP may respond to future attempts (probe
C. Passpoint
requests or authentication requests) in the 2.4 GHz
D. Band Steering
band.

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What can you do to help Correct Answer is:A

mitigate DHCP pool depletion Lease durations or timeouts should also be
issues without requiring user considered relative to DHCP. This is particularly
configuration actions? important in networks where users come and go,
You must select 1 answer such as guest WLANs or mobile areas of the
A. Implement shorter lease WLAN like a lobby. Setting the lease duration to a
durations few hours instead of a few days can reduce DHCP
B. Implement longer lease pool (scope) exhaustion (depletion) and allow the
durations DHCP operations to continue.
C. Implement smaller scopes
D. Use DHCP for wired clients
only and ask guests to
manually configure IP settings

In addition to mapping IP Correct Answer is:A

addresses to host names for DNS is used to resolve domain names to IP
client devices, what may DNS addresses. It is used in WLANs to service clients
be used for in a controller- for host name resolutions, but it is also used for
based environment? specific WLAN functions including locating
You must select 1 answer controllers. For example, when a Cisco AP
A. Location of controllers by receives its IP configuration from the DHCP server,
APs if option 43 is not specified, the AP will try to
B. Configuring IP settings in resolve the DNS hostname CISCO-CAPWAP-
client devices CONTROLLER.localdomain, where localdomain is
C. Synchronizing time clocks the domain configured by DHCP.
D. Encrypting Internet
communications

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Correct Answer is:C

When implementing SSIDs in
The VLAN can be configured in relation to the
APs, to what are they typically
SSID within the AP configuration profile. It can also
mapped for better control of
be configured through information provided by
access to resources on the
the RADIUS server at the time of authentication.
LAN?
Additionally, VLANs can simply be assigned based
You must select 1 answer
on the switchport configuration to which the AP is
A. IP addresses
connected. That is, with an autonomous or cloud-
B. MAC addresses
managed AP, the switchport can determine the
C. VLANs
VLAN on which all traffic coming from the AP is
D. User profiles
placed.

Correct Answer is:A

Because many EAP types, such as EAP-TLS, rely
on certificates and some depend on client
What may force an
certificates a PKI may be required. A PKI is
organization to implement a
comprised of certificate authorities (CAs) that
PKI for practical application in
either authorize other CAs to distribute certificates
a WLAN?
or generate and distribute (issue) certificates
You must select 1 answer
themselves. As a WLAN designer, you will have to
A. The use of EAP-TLS
determine whether a PKI will be available or not
B. The use of PEAP
so that you can select the appropriate EAP type. If
C. The use of WPA2-Personal
a constraint is in place requiring an EAP type that
D. The use of frame
must have client certificates, you should be sure to
aggregation
document the requirement of a PKI in the design
plans, though the details of the PKI can be left up
to the individuals who will implement that project.

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What feature of WLAN APs Correct Answer is:D

may provide for automatic Radio Resource Management (RRM) or ARM in
negotiation of AP channel and Aruba Networks APs, can automatically configure
power settings among the APs the channel and output power settings for APs and
or within the controllers? it includes extra deatures such as coverage hole
You must select 1 answer detection (dead spot detection) and mitigation.
A. Band Steering
B. AirTime Fairness
C. Load balancing
D. RRM

What common feature of Correct Answer is:C

MDM solutions can be used Feature management, in MDM solutions, often
to prevent users from causing includes enabling/disabling the camera on
data leaks by taking photos of smartphones and tablets. By disabling the camera,
sensitive documents? you can prevent data leakage through photos
You must select 1 answer taken of sensitive documents.
A. Self-registration
B. Onboarding
C. Feature management
D. Over-the-air registration

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Why is it unlikely that an Correct Answer is:C

802.11ac wave 2 AP with four It is a common myth that 802.11ac wave 2 APs will
spatial streams will exceed all exceed the speeds of a 1 Gbps Ethernet link.
the capacity of a 1 Gbps The maximum data rate of an 802.11ac 4 stream
Ethernet link? channel running at 160 MHz is just under 3.5 Gbps.
You must select 1 answer However, very few clients are 4 stream clients
A. Because users just don't (many are 1 or two stream clients). Additionally, 160
use Wi-Fi that much MHz channels are not used today in enterprise
B. Because the AP will deployments. Even if an 80 MHz channel is used,
compress data sent onto the the average data rate for client STAs will be closer
wired network to 650 Mbps based on average spatial streams of
C. Because 802.11 network 2 and varied signal strength at the receiver.
operations consume Therefore, while some burst transmissions may
significant air time and clients experience slightly less performance (though this
connect at varying data rates is debatable) because of the 1 Gbps Ethernet link,
resulting in much lower useful overall no significant performance degradation
data throughput than the will be perceived. This may change in the future,
maximum data rate of 802.11ac but it is the most common reality today. The
4 stream APs exception to this would be an unusual scenario
D. Because the 1 Gbps where all client devices are 3 or 4 stream and
Ethernet link can actually have sufficient signal strength to use the highest
transmit 2 Gbps of data when modulation rates.
the downlink and uplink wire
pairs are both used for uplink
transmission

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You have connected a Correct Answer is:B

controller-based AP to the Given that local network communications are
LAN. The controller is located working and the DHCP log shows an IP settings
using DNS and you have assignment, it would be beneficial to check the
verified that the proper host access control lists (ACLs) in the router to make
records are in DNS and that sure they are not preventing the AP from reaching
DHCP is properly configuring the controller. The other suggestions listed are not
the AP. This is the only AP on relevant based on the description.
the subnet in question. The AP
cannot reach the controller,
but it can reach other devices
on the same subnet. It has an
IP address of 192.168.12.37
based on the DHCP logs.
What should you check
among the listed items in an
attempt to resolve the issue?
You must select 1 answer
A. Connect a laptop to the
same Ethernet cable and
verify DNS with NSLOOKUP
B. Check the ACLs in the
router connected to the
subnet
C. Connect a laptop to the
same Ethernet cable and
validate DHCP operations
D. Make sure the Ethernet
cable is plugged into the AP

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What feature of APs is often Correct Answer is:C

thought to be a security MAC filtinring provide no significant security
solution, but provides no real because valid MAC addresses are seen in all data
security because of simple frame exchanges on the WLAN. An attacker need
spoofing methods? only spoof a valid MAC address to communicate
You must select 1 answer on the network if MAC filtering is used alone.
A. SSID hiding
B. Shared Key Authentication
C. MAC filtering
D. WEP

What organization defines the Correct Answer is:A

EAP protocol used in The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an
enterprise WLAN security? IETF RFC-based standard. RFC 3748 defines the
You must select 1 answer EAP standard.
A. IETF
B. IEEE
C. FCC
D. Wi-Fi Alliance

What is a primary benefit of Correct Answer is:C

EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, and PEAP All EAP types used in WLANs require at least a
that is not available in WEP server certificate. Encryption and authentication
and Shared Key are both provided by WEP and Shared Key
Authentication? authentication, though they are weak and should
You must select 1 answer not be used. All EAP types used in WLANs provide
A. Encryption dynamic encryption keys.
B. Authentication
C. Dynamic encryption keys
D. No certificate requirements

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What encryption solution is Correct Answer is:A

provided in the 802.11 The advanced encryption standard (AES) is the
standard and is not only non-deprecated encryption algorithm
deprecated? referenced in the 802.11-2016 standard and in
You must select 1 answer current use in WLAN equipment.
A. AES
B. RC4
C. RC5
D. SHA1

What is needed, in addition to Correct Answer is:A

the RADIUS server IP address A shared secret is entered in the RADIUS server
and ports, to configure an AP and then entered in the AP to allow them to
to use a given RADIUS establish a connection. Without this, you cannot
server? connect the AP to a secure RADIUS server.
You must select 1 answer
A. Shared secret
B. RADIUS server MAC
address
C. RADIUS server host name
D. VPN type used to connect
to the RADIUS server

You wish to administer an AP Correct Answer is:C

over the wired network using SSH2 is the secure shell and provides remote CLI
the CLI. What protocol should to devices. It encrypts the communications for
you use to prevent privacy (confidentiality). Telenet sends the
eavesdropping on the communications in clear text and is not immune to
administrative tasks? simple eavesdropping. HTTP and SNMPv3 are not
You must select 1 answer used for direct CLI access.
A. Telnet
B. HTTP
C. SSH2
D. SNMPv3

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A manager has asked you to Correct Answer is:D

place the APs above the While it is possible to place APs above the ceiling,
ceiling in a WLAN as long as it does not result in regulation non-
deployment. He has compliance, it will significantly impact the
requested this for aesthetic coverage and capacity plan. The APs may have to
reasons. You know this is not use higher output power settings and more APs
the best decision, what do may be required. Additionally, CCI between APs
you tell the manager in an within the ceiling (if the area is open) may be
attempt to influence him to higher due to the installation of more APs or
make a better decisions? higher output power settings.
You must select 1 answer
A. It is impossible to power
APs placed above the ceiling.
B. It is always against
regulations to place APs
above the ceiling.
C. Placing the APs above the
cealing will prevent any
possible configuration that
would allow for client access.
D. Placing the APs above the
ceiling will alter the
requirements for the WLAN
and may require more APs
than would be otherwise
needed.

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You are using an 802.11 VoIP Correct Answer is:A

handset and walking around This kind of testing is common to ensure proper
the facility frome end-to-end VoIP operations while roaming. Testing with an
while on a call. What might active call is the most effective method of
you be testing in a newly verification.
deployed WLAN?
You must select 1 answer
A. Roaming capabilities
B. Security capabilities
C. Audio noise from RF
energy
D. Battery life of the VoIP
handset

You are attempting to locate Correct Answer is:A

the cause of a performance CCI exists when multiple STAs are on the same
problem in two WLAN cells in channel but connected to different APs. The APS
a mostly overlapping and the client STAs can cause the CCI.
coverage area. You note that
one AP is on channel 1 and the
other is on channel 1 as well.
When you document your
findings, what term do you
use to describe the problem
in this configuration?
You must select 1 answer
A. CCI
B. Non-Wi-Fi interference
C. ACI
D. ZigBee interference

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In addition to capacity Correct Answer is:C

analysis results, what should Coverage is first; capacity is second. If you test
be included in a site survey capacity at a particular location, this does not
report to ensure WLAN users ensure that the clients will have the needed
are provided with coverage at another location. Coverage and
connectivity? capacity must be ensured.
You must select 1 answer
A. Application Layer protocol
availability analysis results
B. Layer 4 protocol availability
analysis results
C. Coverage analysis results
D. WAN interface analysis
results

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An organization is planning to Correct Answer is:B

implement a new WLAN. They With a 24-bit subnet mask (255.255.255.0) only
will install 20 APs and place 256 addresses exist. The 0 address identifies the
them all on the same IP subnet and the 255 address is for broadcasts,
subnet so no IP roaming will leaving only 254 addresses. Each AP will use one
be required for WLAN clients. IP address, for 234 remaining addresses. With 18
The DHCP server will use the clients on each of 20 APs, the total client pool is
subnet of 192.168.10.0/24. They 360. Clearly, the DHCP scope is insufficient for the
expect an average of 18 client need.
STAs per AP. What is your
immediate concern with this
plan?
You must select 1 answer
A. APs cannot handle more
than 15 STAs per AP
B. The DHCP pool is not large
enough
C. IP roaming occurs even
when all APs are on the same
IP subnet
D. WLANs must use the
10.x.x.x networks

When is a three dimensional Correct Answer is:C

RF channel plan always When implementing a WLAN in a multi-floor
required? deployment, a 3D channel plan must be used. RF
You must select 1 answer signals will propagate above the ceiling and
A. When the WLAN is near an below the floor impacting floors above and below
airport or military base the current floor. This excess signal strength must
B. When the WLAN exists in an be considered and accounted for in the channel
industrial environment plan.
C. When a multi-floor WLAN is
implemented
D. When the Fresnel zone is
80% blocked

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What step comes after Correct Answer is:B

"Define the possible causes" The CWNP methodology follows the sequence:
when considering the CWNP Identify the problem, Discover the scale of the
troubleshooting problem, Define possible causes, Narrow to the
methodology? most likely cause, Create a plan of action or
You must select 1 answer escalate the problem, Perform corrective actions,
A. Create a plan of action and Verify the solution, Document the results.
implement it
B. Narrow to the most likely
cause
C. Escalate the problem to the
wireless vendor support staff
D. Document the results and
close the case

You are passing random UDP Correct Answer is:C

data across the WLAN and This action describes a throughput test utility. iPerf
measuring results with iPerf. is an open source throughput testing application.
What kind of test is most likely
being performed?
You must select 1 answer
A. Interference location
B. Signal strength monitoring
C. Throughput test
D. Black box testing

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Which one of these is not a Correct Answer is:B

good use of a spectrum Spectrum analyzers are mostly used for raw RF
analyzer? analysis. Therefore, locating interference, viewing
You must select 1 answer channel RF utilization and historical RF activity are
A. Locating sources of RF all practical applications. In most cases, a protocol
interference analyzer is better for determining retry rates on
B. Determining retry rates on the WLAN.
the WLAN
C. Evaluating RF air time
utilization in a channel
D. Viewing historical RF
activity in a channel

In what band do many USB 3 Correct Answer is:D

devices cause significant USB 3.0 devices can create significant RF
localized (within 3-5 meters) interference in the 2.4 GHz band. In fact, the USB
RF interference? 3.0 circuitry n the 802.11ac USB 3.0 adapter can
You must select 1 answer raise the noise floor by 5-20 dB, reducing the
A. 60 Ghz higher data rates to all but impossible.
B. Sub-1 GHz
C. 5 GHz
D. 2.4 GHz

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You are reporting on the RF Correct Answer is:B

environment in your facility. The signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio is not so much a
The manager asks you do ratio as simply the difference between the noise
describe the SNR noted in the floor and the desired signal's strength. For
report. Which of the following example, if the noise floor is -94 dB and the signal
is the best explanation? is -53 dB, the SNR is 41 dB. The ability to properly
You must select 1 answer interpret (demodulate) signals is directly related to
A. SNR is the difference the SNR. When SNR values are higher, more
between the SOM and the complex modulations may be used that result in
Fade Margin higher data rates.
B. SNR is the difference
between the noise in the
environment and the RF signal
strength
C. SNR is the simple noise
reduction algorithm used on
filters on 802.11 adapters
D. SNR is the interference
caused by USB 3.0 devices

What common building Correct Answer is:C

component is likely to cause Elevators, due to their shaft designs and the
coverage holes in a WLAN elevator construction materials, can cause dead
deployment if not considered spots when an AP is located on one side of the
and resolved in the WLAN elevator and RF coverage is desired on the other
design? side. The problem is often resolved by ensuring
You must select 1 answer that APs are placed on both sides of the elevators
A. Windows on each floor.
B. Cubicle partitions
C. Elevators
D. Tile floors

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An AP that uses PoE powers Correct Answer is:C

up, but upon inspection you When an AP receives insufficient power, it may not
notice that only one radio (the power on or it may power on with limited features.
2.4 GHz radio) is active. You For example, it may disable a radio chain or it may
verify that the configuration disable an entire radio. Always ensure the proper
has both the 2.4 GHz and 5 PoE power is provided to the AP from the swtich
GHz radios enabled. When or midspan injector.
you connect the AP to wall
power, both radios work as
expected. What is a likely
cause of this problem?
You must select 1 answer
A. The AP firmware is faulty
B. The external antennas for
the 5 GHz radio are not
connected
C. Insufficient PoE power
D. WPA is enabled on the 5
Ghz radio, causing it to be
disabled

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You recently configured five Correct Answer is:A

laptops for access to the During the reboot, an update may have been
corporate wireless network. applied to the computer, including new WLAN
Four of them work as drivers. The drivers may be faulty. It is not likely a
expected and the fifth one firmware update as they are not typically
stopped working yesterday. delivered without manual intervention. The
When you talk to the users, problem is not likely a signal strength issue as
you discover that the four multiple locationes were attempted. For the same
working laptops have reason, interference is not the likely problem or it
suspended and resumed would impact the other laptops as well.
several times but never
rebooted. The fifth non-
working laptop has been
rebooted. The non-
connecting computer is
unable to connect regardless
of location. Everything else
works as expected on the fifth
computer. What may be
causing the problem?
You must select 1 answer
A. Faulty new drivers on the
fifth computer
B. Firmware updates on the
fifth computer
C. Interference from non-Wi-
Fi sources
D. Poor signal strength

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You administer a WLAN that Correct Answer is:B

offers a guest SSID of An issue like this if commonly cause by DNS
CORPCUEST. Users connect failures and captive portal failures. Given that
to the CORPGUEST SSID, but multiple users are reporing the problem, it is not
report that they cannot access likely a hardware issue. If it were an IP routing
Internet web sites. The issue, it would impact non-guest users as well.
devices indicate no Internet
connection. What common
problem causes this scenario?
You must select 1 answer
A. NTP issues
B. DNS failure
C. Hardware issues
D. IP routing issues

When an RF wave encounters Correct Answer is:D

obstacles smaller than the Scattering occurs when the RF wave encounters
wavelength and reflective in small obtacles (in relation to the wavelength) that
nature, what is likely to occur? are reflective in character. Reflection occurs when
You must select 1 answer the RF wave encounters obstacles larger than the
A. Warping wavelength. Refraction occurs as the RF wave
B. Reflection passes through a medium and bends as it traverses
C. Refraction through it.
D. Scattering

What is the term used when Correct Answer is:A

measuring return loss caused Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is a
by mismatched impedance in measurement of the return loss in a system. When
RF cables and connectors? it is excessive, it can cause damage to equipment.
You must select 1 answer
A. VSWR
B. EIRP
C. IR
D. Attenuation Factor

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What metric ultimately Correct Answer is:A

determines the data rate that To achieve a given data rate, a minimum Signal-to-
can be achieved between an Noise-Ratio (SNR) must be available. The signal
AP and a STA? strength alone is not sufficient, without
You must select 1 answer consideration of the noise floor. The noise floor
A. SNR alone is not sufficient, without consideration of the
B. Signal strength signal strength. The SNR includes both.
C. Noise floor
D. Beacon rate

What is the output of a link Correct Answer is:D

budget? A link budget includes the transmit power, antenna
You must select 1 answer gain, cable and connector losses, FSPL, and
A. System Cost (SC) receiver sensitivity. The results of a link budget is
B. Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) an SOM.
C. Total Cost of Ownership
(TCO)
D. System Operating Margin
(SOM)

A WLAN transmitter that emits Correct Answer is:B

a 20 mW signal is connected The calculation can be completed with the
to a cable with 6 dB loss. If cumulative nature of dB mat. -6 dB added to +12
the cable is connected to an dB is equal to +6 dB. Now, 20 mW +6 dB is equal to
antenna with 12 dBi gain, what 80 mW (20 mW 2 2).
is the EIRP at the antenna
element?
You must select 1 answer
A. 120 mW
B. 80 mW
C. 5 mW
D. 320 mW

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Why are some WLAN client Correct Answer is:B

devices able to receive The receive sensitivity varies from one device to
signals at given data rates that another. When the receive sensitivity is improved,
are weaker than other client the device can receive weaker signals than can be
devices can receive? received by devices with poorer receive
You must select 1 answer sensitivity.
A. The device drivers are
coded according to better
programming practices.
B. The receive sensitivity is
better on some devices than
others.
C. The output power is higher
on some devices than others.
D. The VSWR is higher on
devices that can receive
weaker signals.

What term describes an RF Correct Answer is:D

transmission system up to but The Intentional Radiator (IR) includes everything in
not including the antenna? the transmission system except the antenna. The
You must select 1 answer power output of the IR would be measured at the
A. Chipset point where it enters the antenna element.
B. Radio
C. EIRP
D. Intentional Radiator

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What kind of MIMO antennas Correct Answer is:C

are typically used for WLAN Omni-directional antennas radiate out in all
deployments when the directions around the antennas and are usually
antennas are placed central placed central to the coverage area. Patch and
to the target coverage area? panel antennas are typically placed at the edge of
You must select 1 answer the coverage area and do come in MIMO
A. Patch configurations. Grid antennas are typically SISO
B. Grid highly directional antennas.
C. Omni-directional
D. Panel

What statement about the Correct Answer is:D

beamwidth of an RF antenna Beamwidth is measured at the points where the
is true? main lobe decreases in power by 3 dB. The
You must select 1 answer horizontal beamwidth is typically shown on the
A. The horizontal and vertical Azimuth chart and the vertical beamwidth is
beamwidth are measured shown on the Elevation chart. When the gain of an
where the main lobe loses 6 antenna increases, the beamwidth decreases.
dB of power. When the beamwidth increases, the gain
B. Beamwidth has no impact decreases.
on the propagation pattern.
C. Horizontal beamwidth is
displayed on the Elevation
chart.
D. As the gain of the antenna
increases, the beamwidth
decreases in either the
horizontal or vertical direction
or both.

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What is true about WPA in Correct Answer is:C

802.11 wireless networks? WPA is based on TKIP/RC4 and is deprecated in
You must select 1 answer the 802.11-2016 standard. When used, the standard
A. WPA implements AES requires that 802.11n and 802.11ac devices not use
encryption in the same way the HT or VHT PHY format and they must,
that WEP does. therefore, fall back to 54 Mbps as the highest data
B. WPA is based on rate (OFDM and ERP).
CCMP/AES and is non-
deprecated in the 802.11-2016
standard.
C. When WPA is used, 802.11n
and 802.11ac devices fall back
to 54 Mbps as the highest
data rate.
D. WPA is based on TKIP/RC4
and is non-deprecated in the
802.11-2016 standard.

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When an 802.11 amendment is Correct Answer is:B

ratified, what happens to the When an 802.11 amendment is ratified, it
standard? immediately becomes part of the standard. At
You must select 1 answer some eventual point it will be included in a rollup
A. The amendment of the standard, but its specifications are available
specifications are optional immediately for implementation by device
and never become part of a manufacturers if they desire.
rollup update.
B. The standard includes the
specifications of the
amendment even though they
are not included in a rollup
update initially.
C. Device manufacturers must
wait until the next rollup to
include the amendment
specifications in chipsets and
drivers.
D. Amendments are created
to resolve errors in the
standard and introduce no
new features.

You are implementing a VHT- Correct Answer is:C

capable AP. When operating VHT operates only in the 5 GHz band, therefore,
in VHT mode, which one of 2.4 GHz channels are not available to an AP or
the following channels is not client when it is operating in VHT mode. 2.4 GHz
available for use by the AP? channels include channels 1-14.
You must select 1 answer
A. 153
B. 144
C. 11
D. 56

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What statement is true Correct Answer is:D

regarding the use of the ERP The Extended Rate PHY (ERP) operates in the 2.4
PHY in 802.11 networks? GHz band with no 5 GHz band support. It
You must select 1 answer implements OFDM modulation that was first used
A. ERP operates in either 2.4 in the OFDM PHY. The maximum data rate of the
GHz or 5 GHz and supports a ERP PHY is 54 Mbps in the standard.
maximum data rate of 54
Mbps.
B. ERP is identical to OFDM
PHY, except it operates in the
5 GHz band whereas OFDM
operates in the 2.4 GHz band.
C. ERP uses 256-QAM
modulation to achieve the
maximum data rate of 54
Mbps.
D. ERP operates only in the 2.4
GHz band and supports a
maximum data rate of 54
Mbps.

Which IEEE 802.11 Physical Correct Answer is:C

Layer (PHY) supports The Sub-1 GHz (S1G) PHY operates below 1 GHz
frequency use below 1 GHz and is optimal for low data rate and longer range
and is optimal for low data communications. VHT operates only in the 5 GHz
rate long range band as a PHY. The HT PHY operates in either the
communications? 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz bands. The DMG PHY operates
You must select 1 answer in the 60 GHz band and is intended for high data
A. VHT rate short range communications.
B. HT
C. S1G
D. DMG

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An 802.11-based network Correct Answer is:B

includes two laptops, one The described use cases is an ad-hoc network,
mobile phone, and one tablet. defined in the 802.11 standard as an independent
No AP is involved in the basic service set (IBSS). When an AP is used to
communications. What WLAN build the BSS, it is an infrastructure BSS, but it
use case is described? simply uses the acronym BSS.
You must select 1 answer
A. BSS
B. IBSS
C. ESS
D. WWAN

Correct Answer is:C

The Distribution System (DS) is the
interconnecting system that allows for the creation
of an ESS on a LAN or across LANs. The Wireless
Medium (WM) is the term used in the standard for
the RF channel. A station (STA) is a wireless access
unit, either a client or an AP in most cases.
What is defined as a system Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) is used to
used to interconnect a set of ensure that the WLAN does not interfere with
BSSs and integrated LANs to important radar systems.
create an ESS?
You must select 1 answer The differences between the DS, DSS, DSM and
A. WM distribution service are sometimes confusing. The
B. DFS distribution service (no acronym as it would
C. DS conflict with distribution system) is the service
D. STA within a STA that allows for MAC communications
within the distribution system. The distribution
system service (DSS) allows for communications
among devices on the WM, including between
BSSs, and within a BSS. The distribution system
medium (DSM) is the connection between the APs
in the network, such as Ethernet or a mesh
network.

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When a controller-based Correct Answer is:A

WLAN is in use and roaming is Opportunistic Key Caching (OKC) is a propular
desired with 802.1X/EAP, what roaming methods that is not specified in the 802.11
solution may be used to standard. If an 802.11 standard method is desired,
implement fast and secure Fast BSS Transition (FT) should be used. DFS and
roaming? TPC are used to accommodate radar detection
You must select 1 answer and interference avoidance in some 5 GHz
A. OKC channels. WMM is a QoS certification by the Wi-Fi
B. DFS Alliance.
C. TPC
D. WMM

What can a client device use Correct Answer is:D

to determine whether a BSS A client can gather significant information from
supports WMM QoS Beacon frames to determine if the transmitting AP
capabilities? is operating a desired BSS. This information
You must select 1 answer includes security parameters, supported data
A. Control frame analysis of rates, WMM QoS information, and more.
existing associated STAs
B. Data frame analysis of
existing associated STAs
C. QoS Query frames
D. Beacon frame information

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How can a transmitting client Correct Answer is:C

STA determine whether a data Collisions cannot be detected on the wireless
frame transmitted to the AP medium (WM), therefore, 802.11 networks use
was delivered or not? acknowledgement frames (Ack frames and Block
You must select 1 answer Ack frames) to notify the transmitter of proper
A. If the AP transmits any reception. If an Ack or Block Ack frame is received,
other frames, the STA can the STA can trust that the frame was transmitted
assume it received the and received by the AP successfully.
transmitted frame.
B. If no collision was
detected, the data frame was
delivered.
C. If a matching Ack frame is
received, the data frame was
delivered.
D. Frames are always
delivered on the WM, so the
STA can assume delivery.

What metric or parameter is Correct Answer is:A

not likely to be used by a A client STA will use metrics like RSSI and dBm
client STA when selecting a signal strength related to the AP Beacon frames as
BSS to which it will connect? well as supported data rates listed in the Beacon
You must select 1 answer frames to select a qualified target BSS. The STA
A. Retry rate will not typically analyze such detailed metrics as
B. RSSI retry rates or airtime utilization.
C. Beacon frame signal
strength
D. Supported data rates

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What original authentication Correct Answer is:D

method of the 802.11-1997 CCMP was not in the original standard. WEP and
standard is still included in the Shared Key Authentication were in the original
standard and non- standard, but they are both deprecated. Only
deprecated? Open System Authentication, from the original
You must select 1 answer standard, is non-deprecated and still in use today.
A. CCMP
B. WEP
C. Shared Key Authentication
D. Open System
Authentication

When an 800 nanosecond Correct Answer is:B

delay is inserted between The 802.11n amendment, now part of 802.11-2016,
symbols, what is certainly in introduced the use of a short guard interval (SGI)
use? that is 400 ns long. The original 800 ns guard
You must select 1 answer interval is now the long GI. The guard interval is
A. DIFS used between symbols and not between frames.
B. Long guard interval Interframe spaces are used between frames.
C. SIFS
D. Short guard interval

What is used to synchronize Correct Answer is:A

the receiver for reception of The preamble, which can include training fields, is
an 802.11 PPDU? used to synchronize the receiver for reception of
You must select 1 answer the PPDU. The PPDU includes the PLCP header
A. Preamble and the MPDU (MAC layer payload). The MPDU
B. PLCP header will have a MAC header and, possibly a data
C. MAC header payload, and an FCS.
D. FCS

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You manage a WLAN with 200 Correct Answer is:B

802.11n APs and all APs are Of the suggested actions, changing the channel
configured for 40 MHz widths from 40 MHz to 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz
channels in the 2.4 GHz and 5 band will improve the performance most. Using
GHz bands. The APs use band 40 MHz channels for all APs in 2.4 GHz results in
steering to encourage more excessive ACI and CCI, which significantly
clients to connect on the 5 degrades performance. Turning off some 2.4 GHz
GHz band. AirTime Fairness is radios would help (though not likely 75% of them),
also enabled and the low data but it would not help as much as reducing the
rates of 1 and 2 Mbps are channel width. Given that all clients can connect
disabled. The 2.4 GHz clients with no problems, enabling the 1 and 2 Mbps data
are experiencing significant rates is also not likely to resolve the issue. Turning
performance problems even off AirTime Fairness will typically also have no
though they connect to the impact in this scenario.
various BSSs without
problems. What should be
changed in this configuration
immediately to have the
greatest impact on 2.4 GHz
client performance?
You must select 1 answer
A. Enable the 1 and 2 Mbps
data rates
B. Change the 2.4 GHz
channels to use only 20 MHz
channel widths
C. Turn off AirTime Fairness
D. Turn off the 2.4 GHz radios
on 75% of the APs

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Correct Answer is:C

The VHT TXOP feature, which uses the partial AID
What new feature introduced in the PLCP header to determine if an incoming
with 802.11ac was designed to frame is for the listening STA, improves power
improve power management management because the listening STA can sleep
in the 5 GHz band? earlier in the frame transmission. Adding more
You must select 1 answer streams increases power consumption. While 256-
A. 8 stream MIMO QAM may have a side benefit of reducing power
B. 256-QAM consumption (due to shorter transmission times at
C. VHT TXOP higher data rates), it was not designed to improve
D. Consistent use of A-MPDU power management. The standardized, full-time
use of A-MPDU does not have a significant impact
on power management either.

Correct Answer is:A

The Duration/ID field is used by non-target STAs
When an 802.11 STA received a
to set their Network Allocation Vector (NAV) timer.
frame not intended for it, what
The duration value is that required to complete the
field indicates the length of
transaction after the current frame. For example,
time required to complete the
for a data frame, it includes the SIFS and Ack
frame transaction after the
duration required to complete the transaction. The
current frame being received?
Length field is in the PHY PLCP header and not in
You must select 1 answer
the MAC header and it specifies the length of the
A. Duration/ID
current frame. The retry field is used to indicate
B. Length
whether the current frame is a first attempt or
C. Type
some retry attempt. The Type field is used to
D. Retry
indicate whether the frame is a control,
management, or data frame.

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What kind of 802.11 device is Correct Answer is:C

most likely to have multiple Home WLAN routers typically includes four or
LAN switch ports, a more LAN switch ports, an Internet or WAN port,
WAN/Internet port, and dual- and dual-band 802.11 radios. Enterprise APs will
band 802.11 radios? have dual-band radios and one or two Ethernet
You must select 1 answer ports, but no Internet or WAN port (effectively a
A. Enterprise AP router interface). A WLAN bridge typically has the
B. WLAN bridge same interfaces as an Enterprise AP and a mesh
C. Home WLAN router AP does as well.
D. Mesh AP

What Wi-Fi Alliance Correct Answer is:D

certification/standard can be Passpoint certification and Hotspot 2.0 are Wi-Fi
used by hotspots to allow Alliance certifications and standards respectively
client devices to connect that allow for this functionality. Voice-Enterprise is
automatically if the hotspot a certification that validates VoIP operations
supports a subscription across 802.11 networks that involve multiple APs.
service to which the client is WMM is a QoS-related certification and WPA2 is a
subscribed? security certification.
You must select 1 answer
A. Voice-Enterprise
B. WMM
C. WPA2
D. Passpoint

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A temporary mobile office is Correct Answer is:B

being deployed. In addition To provide Internet access, some link, such as a
to the local WLAN, what will wireless backhaul link, will be required for Internet
be required to provide connectivity. Typically, such temporary mobile
Internet access at the site sites do not deploy infrastructure gear such as
among the listed options? Ethernet switchs and IP routers.
You must select 1 answer
A. Ethernet switches and IP
routers
B. Wireless backhaul
C. RADIUS server
D. LDAP server

Correct Answer is:B

The wireless AP will be a PoE client known as a
When implementing PoE,
powered device (PD) in the 802.3 standard. Power
what role is played by a
sourcing equipment (PSE) includes PoE capable
wireless AP?
switches and midspan injectors. A power splitter or
You must select 1 answer
PoE splitter is a newer device that allows you to
A. PSE
split PoE power and Ethernet signals at the
B. PD
powered location so that a non-PoE device can
C. Midspan injector
be powered and have Ethernet connectivity, such
D. Power splitter
as a wall power video camera with an Ethernet
port.

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You have several 802.11n APs Correct Answer is:D

that require only 802.3af PoE 802.3af offers 12.95 watts of power at the PD, even
power. What is the minimum though it can place up to 15.4 watts of power on
power that is expected to be the cable. Due to attenuation, the received power
available for the PD in this is less than the transmitted power. 802.3at offers
scenario assuming proper 25.5 watts at the PD and places up to 30 watts
cable lengths are used? onto the cable.
You must select 1 answer
A. 30 W
B. 15.4 W
C. 25.5 W
D. 12.95 W

What high availability solution Correct Answer is:B

uses one controller as a N+1 allows multiple controllers (N) to have a single
backup for several other backup controller (1). The primary controllers
controllers in case a operate as long as they are functional, but it one
controller fails? fails, the +1 controller takes over for that failed
You must select 1 answer controller. This option is offered by several
A. RAID5 controller vendors.
B. N+1
C. Striping
D. Clustering

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When centralized data Correct Answer is:C

forwarding is used in a The controller receives the 802.11 frames in a
controller-based architecture, tunnel from the AP and then removes all 802.11-
what device creates the 802.3 specific information before creating and sending a
Ethernet frames, removing all QoS-tagged Ethernet frame.
802.11-specific information,
and properly tags them with
QoS markings to be
forwarded onto the final
destination?
You must select 1 answer
A. AP
B. Client
C. Controller
D. IP router

In an 802.11 2.4 GHz system, Correct Answer is:C

what 20 MHz channels are In the 2.4 GHz band, channel centers are 5 MHz
considered non-overlapping? apart. To be considered non-overlapping, they
You must select 1 answer need 25 MHz of space between them. Therefore,
A. 1 and 5 the commonly used channels are 1, 6 and 11 as they
B. 3 and 6 are available in all regulatory domains. However,
C. 4 and 9 any two channels 25 MHz apart can be referenced
D. 2 and 5 as non-overlapping channels, such as 4 and 9.

If the center frequency of Correct Answer is:D

channel 2 is 2417 MHz, what is Given that the channels are 5 MHz apart in 2.4
the center frequency of GHz, simply add 15 MHz to the known center
channel 5? frequency of channel 2 and you arrive at 2.432
You must select 1 answer GHz or 2432 MHz for channel 5.
A. 2485
B. 2412
C. 2420
D. 2432

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You must enable a feature on Correct Answer is:C

APs that allows for higher data AirTime fairness is a downlink feature of some APs
rate clients to receive more that allows higher data rate clients to receive more
time for frame reception from airtime for frame reception than lower data rate
the APs than lower data rate clients.
clients. What is this feature?
You must select 1 answer
A. Load Balancing
B. Band Steering
C. AirTime Fairness
D. RTS/CTS

You are implementing an Correct Answer is:B

MDM solution. For what might A mobile device management (MDM) solution is
this be used? used to manage mobile devices, which may
You must select 1 answer include enterprise-owned devices as well as
A. High availability for personal devices used through BYOD.
controllers
B. BYOD
C. VPN endpoint
D. Automatic channel
selection

The documentation from your Correct Answer is:B

WLAN vendor indicates that The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used to
the time clocks on all devices synchronize the clocks on network devices. A time
must be synchronized. What server can be configured, which acquires its time
service may be used on the from an Internet time clock, and used to set the
network to perform this time for all internal devices. DNS is used for host
action? name resolution. RADIUS is used for
You must select 1 answer authentication. LDAP is used to access network
A. DNS directory services.
B. NTP
C. RADIUS
D. LDAP

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What statement is true about Correct Answer is:D

the Ethernet cables used for CAT6 cables still constrain the length to 100
AP connectivity? meters; however, they provide superior
You must select 1 answer performance than lower categories of cable. All
A. If you use CAT6 cabling, PoE should run across CAT5 at a minimum.
you can install 250 metter
cable runs instead of the 100
meter limit of CAT5e.
B. PoE can operate across
CAT5e cables, but CAT3
cables are sufficient for
providing 802.3at PoE power.
C. The minimum required
Ethernet cable type for
802.11ac APs is CAT3.
D. CAT6 Ethernet cables
provide superior performance
to CAT5 Ethernet cables.

What configuration option is Correct Answer is:D

sometimes thought to be a SSID hiding is a weak option from a security
security solution for WLANs, perspective. The SSID can be easily located with
but is easily circumvented by tools available for download from the Internet and
attackers? the SSID is in frames other than the Beacon frame.
You must select 1 answer It should not be relied upon for any level of
A. CCMP security.
B. WPA2
C. EAP-TLS
D. SSID hiding

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What protocol should be Correct Answer is:A

used for Web-based Instead of HTTP, HTTPS should be used. HTTPS
administration interfaces in provides encryption for the link and HTTP does
order to increase security? not. HTML is the programming language or
You must select 1 answer markup language used to create web pages and
A. HTTPS SNMPv3 is a network management protocol not
B. HTML an administration access protocol.
C. HTTP
D. SNMPv3

What encryption algorithm is Correct Answer is:A

used by WPA2-Enterprise in The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is used
secure WLANs using no by WPA2-Enterprise and WPA2-Personal when
deprecated 802.11 solutions? implemented with non-deprecated 802.11
You must select 1 answer solutions. RC4 is used by WEP and TKIP and is
A. AES deprecated for use with 802.11 devices. DES and
B. RC4 3DES have never been used or referenced within
C. DES the 802.11 standard.
D. 3DES

Correct Answer is:C

When using 802.1X/EAP
A RADIUS server is the most commonly
authentication, what is the
implemented authentication server type in
most common authentication
modern WLANs. TACACS or TACACS+ could be
server used in organizations?
used with some architectures, but it is not the most
You must select 1 answer
common selection. AD DS Domain Controllers
A. AD DS Domain Controller
may provide credentials to the RADIUS server for
B. TACACS
authentication. A controller may be able to act as
C. RADIUS
the authentication server, but in most cases, it
D. Controller
does so by implementing RADIUS.

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Correct Answer is:D

What solution can detect and A Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) can
mitigate rogue devices be used to both detect and mitigate rogues on
discovered on the WLAN? the WLAN. LDAP servers are servers that support
You must select 1 answer the LDAP protocol for network directory access.
A. LDAP server RTLS servers are used with real-time location
B. RTLS server systems (RTLS) to locate devices on the network.
C. Host-based IDS Host-based IDS solutions are used on devices and
D. WIPS are not used to detect and mitigate (contain)
rogue devices.

When using a protocol Correct Answer is:C

analyzer, what should you The packet decode must be used to view and
look at to see the duration evaluate specific field values, such as the
value for a particular data Duration/ID field. The expert views show summary
frame in the capture? information useful for particular analysis situations.
You must select 1 answer Traffic flows are used to view sequential
A. Expert views exchanges in a communication. Traffic statistics
B. Traffic flows provide metrics on the amount of traffic and type
C. Packet decode of traffic traversing the network.
D. Traffic statistics

What is the most common Correct Answer is:A

metric given for maximum Most vendors recommend a unidirectional delay
unidirectional delay in VoIP of 150 ms or less for VoIP communications.
communications?
You must select 1 answer
A. 150 ms
B. 300 ms
C. 50 ms
D. 10 ms

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Which one of the following is Correct Answer is:D

a kind of 802.11-based Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) can be
interference caused by 802.11 overlapping ACI or non-overlapping ACI. In either
devices? case, it is the results of operations on a different
You must select 1 answer channel wherein the signal causes interferance
A. RFID with the interfered channel because of high
B. ZigBee output power or overlapping frequencies.
C. Bluetooth
D. ACI

What is an important Correct Answer is:B

consideration when Of those listed, frequencies used by the interferer
determining the impact of a is the only important consideration. Additionally,
non-Wi-Fi interferer on the air time utilization is a key measurement. These two
802.11 channels nearby? facts related to the non-Wi-Fi interferer are most
You must select 1 answer important in determining the degradation that will
A. Protocols used by the be caused by it.
interferer
B. Frequencies used by the
interferer
C. Coding rate used by the
interferer
D. Age of the interfering
device

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You have implemented a real- Correct Answer is:A

time video conferencing While all of the listed factors are important
system on your WLAN. What considerations, for a video conferencing, real-time
two factors will be most system, throughput and reliability will be most
important to the quality of important. Unlike VoIP, video conferencing
communications in this systems are not impacted as much by jitter, though
system? it is still a factor for the audio stream. Much higher
You must select 1 answer levels of throughput are required than VoIP due to
A. Throughput and reliability the existing video stream in the communications.
B. Latency and jitter
C. Authentication and
encryption
D. Latency and encryption

What is the primary difference Correct Answer is:A

between throughput testing The biggest difference between throughput
and load testing? testing and load testing is that throughput testing
You must select 1 answer is often based on a single machine
A. Throughput testing is often communicating, while load testing can simulate
a single machine test and load multiple machines to be closer to real-world
testing includes a simulated production performance levels.
production load.
B. Throughput testing
provides no value while load
testing does provide value.
C. Throughput testing is not
supported on WLANs, but
load testing is.
D. Load testing is not
supported on WLANs, but
throughput testing is.

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When using wireless design Correct Answer is:A

software for post- When performing the validation survey, real
implementation validation, signals will be captured in the physical space that
what is performed that is not houses the WLAN. This can also be done in full
performed in predictive pre-deployment site surveys, but it is not
modeling design scenarios? performed when only performing a predictive
You must select 1 answer modeling design.
A. Capture of signals within
the physical space
B. Calibration or scaling of the
floor plan
C. Drawing walls and other
materials
D. Indicating AP locations

After performing corrective Correct Answer is:A

actions, according to the The CWNP methodology follows the sequence:
CWNP troubleshooting Identify the problem, Discover the scale of the
methodology, what action problem, Define possible causes, Narrow to the
should be taken next? most likely cause, Create a plan of action or
You must select 1 answer escalate the problem, Perform corrective actions,
A. Verify the solution Verify the solution, Document the results.
B. Document the results
C. Discover the scale of the
problem
D. Define possible causes

What is the first step in the Correct Answer is:C

CWNP troubleshooting The CWNP methodology follows the sequence:
methodology? Identify the problem, Discover the scale of the
You must select 1 answer problem, Define possible causes, Narrow to the
A. Document the results most likely cause, Create a plan of action or
B. Verify the solution escalate the problem, Perform corrective actions,
C. Identify the problem Verify the solution, Document the results.
D. Define possible causes

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You are troubleshooting a Correct Answer is:C

performance problem A spectrum analyzer must be used to determine if
experienced by several STAs a non-Wi-Fi interferer is in the area with certainty.
in an area approximately five A protocol analyzer may show retries, but the
square meters in size. You retries can be caused by other problems. A WLAN
want to see if a non-Wi-Fi scanner will not help in this situation and neither
interferer is in the space. What will a throughput tester (with the possible
tool should you use? exception of verifying that a device cannot
You must select 1 answer achieve expected throughput in that area.
A. WLAN scanner
B. WLAN protocol analyzer
C. Spectrum analyzer
D. Throughput tester

What is an advantage of a Correct Answer is:C

centralized WLAN monitoring Of those listed, data aggregation for multiple
solution that is not available in sources is the least common feature of laptop-
most laptop-based protocol based analyzers that is found in centralized
analyzers? monitoring solutions. The aggregated data can be
You must select 1 answer used to proactively address future problems and
A. Frame capture and troubleshoot existing issues on the WLAN.
decoding
B. Expert views
C. Data aggregation from
multiple real-time sources for
automated reporting and
analysis
D. Traffic statistics for the BSA

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What will decrease in an Correct Answer is:B

environment when the noise The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) will decrease when
floor increases? a higher noise floor is present. That is, if the signal
You must select 1 answer strength is -70 dBm and the noise floor is -98 dBm,
A. Signal strength the SNR is 28 dB. If the noise floor increases to -93
B. SNR dBm, the SNR will decrease to 23 dB.
C. Transmit power
D. Antenna gain

What is a common solution to Correct Answer is:B

hidden node problems in By enabling RTS/CTS, you decrease hidden node
WLANs? problems. A very small RTS frame must get
You must select 1 answer through to the AP in order to start the transaction
A. Reducing the client output (which includes RTS/SIFS/CTS/SIFS/DATA
power FRAME/SIFS/ACK).
B. Enabling RTS/CTS
C. Reducing the client
antenna gain
D. Increasing the AP
fragmentation threshold

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You have determined that an Correct Answer is:C

AP is not getting sufficient APs that use PoE do not have hardware switchces
PoE power because it will not to enable it. PoE is automatically detected on the
power up. You have verified Ethernet cable. In this scenario, because the cable
that the CAT6 cable is only 30 is not too long, you should verify the power
meters in length and is budget is available in the switch. A midspan
connected to a switch port injector is used when a PoE switch is not available.
with PoE enabled. What
should you check next?
You must select 1 answer
A. Verify that the CAT6 cable
is blue and not yellow
B. Verify that the midspan
injector is powered on
C. Verify that the power
budget in the switch as
sufficient remaining power for
the AP
D. Verify that the AP has the
"use PoE" hardware switch set
to "on"

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You are troubleshooting a Correct Answer is:D

problem with a USB adapter In cases like this, the driver can be the problem. If
on a laptop. When you insert the version used on the problem laptop is
the adapter, after having different from that used on the working laptop,
installed the drivers, it is not you should install the working version to see if it
detected by the operating resolves the problem. Faulty drivers can cause
system and no wireless problems ranging from not detecting the adapter
networks are shown. The to the adapter working, but only in one band even
adapter has been tested on through it is a dual-band adapter.
another machine where it
works properly. What is a
practical next action to take in
this scenario?
You must select 1 answer
A. Reinstall the operating
system on the problem laptop
B. Delete the driver from the
problem laptop and use the
adapter without a driver
C. Install a third-party
supplicant to use the adapter
in the problem laptop
D. Check the driver version in
use on the working computer
and ensure the same driver
version is used on the
problem laptop

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A customer complains of low Correct Answer is:B

throughput when connected Based on the description, the most likely problem
to the WLAN. When you is non-Wi-Fi interference in the local area where
evaluate the AP signal the complaining customer works. Other customers
strength that covers his work close to him also experience this interference and
location, you see that it is at customers farther away, but connected to the
-62 dBm. Fewer than 40 same AP, do not.
clients associate with the
same AP. When you ask other
users if they have
experienced throughput
problems, those farther from
the original customer indicate
that they do not and those
closer to the original
customer indicate that they
do. All clients are on the 5
GHz AP channel. What is the
likely problem among those
listed?
You must select 1 answer
A. Improper use of band
steering
B. Non-Wi-Fi interference
C. Low signal strength
D. The use of a CAT5e cable
for the AP connection

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