NO T
9
Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 1,Wk.4 - Module 5
Common OHS Hazards, Risks and its Control
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Technology and Livelihood Education- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1, Wk.4 - Module 5: Common OHS Hazards, Risks, and its Controls
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro
Schools Division Superintendent: Roy Angelo L. Gazo, PhD.,CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author/s: Nino Jude Cardente
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Illustrator and Layout Artist: Nino Jude Cardente
Evaluator: Sanny O. Delfin
Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Roy Angelo E. Gazo, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Nimfa R. Lago,PhD, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS
Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Henry B. Abueva OIC-CID Chief
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Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
Telefax: (063)221-6069
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9
Technology and
Livelihood
Education
Quarter 1,Wk.4 - Module 5
Common OHS Hazards, Risks and its Control
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed
by select teachers, school heads, Education Program Supervisor in TLE of
Department of Education – Division of Iligan City. We encourage teachers
and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education – Iligan City at
iligancity@deped.gov.ph or Trlrfax (063) 221-6069.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
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Table of Contents
What This Module is About...................................................................................................................................... i
What I Need to Know ............................................................................................................. i
How to Learn from this Module ............................................................................................. ii
Icons of this Module............................................................................................................... ii
What I Know ......................................................................................................................... iii
Lesson 1:
Common OHS Hazards, Risks and its Control………………………………………………..1
What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s New ................................................................................................ 1
What Is It........................................................................................................ 1
What’s More ................................................................................................. 4
What I Have Learned .................................................................................... 6
What I Can Do ............................................................................................... 6
Summary………………………………...………………………………………………………...7
Assessment: (Post-Test)………….…………………………………………………………… 8
Key to Answers ……………………………………………………………………………………………9
References .......................................................................................................................... 10
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What This Module is About
This module covers the skills and knowledge required to Support horticultural
production under supervision. It will include the ability to provide work support in accordance
with OHS requirements and the workplace information and identify OHS Hazzards and file a
report based on OHS requirements and company reporting procedures. Supporting
horticultural production work also covers knowledge of safe work practices relating to basic
crop handling techniques including planting, maintaining, picking and packing, loading and
unloading, and using associated farm tools and equipment.
What I Need to Know
This module is on Learning outcome: Prepare materials, tools, and equipment for
horticultural production work with the sub learning outcome is provide work support in
accordance with OHS requirements and the workplace information and identify OHS
Hazzards and file a report based on OHS requirements and company reporting procedures
i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-
tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have Activities designed to process what you
Learned have learned from the lesson
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-
case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
ii
What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the best answer form the choices given by writing the letters only
on a separate answer sheet.
1.Which of the following is considered a chemical hazard?
A.Dust B. Molds C. Virus and Bacteria D. Solvent and Pesticides
2. Hazard associated with lifting, moving of heavy loads are considered _____.
A. Chemical B. Physical Agent C. Work Design D. Work Place
3. What are examples of biohazards?
A. Acids B. Dust C. Pesticides D. Animal Borne diseases
4. Expose on chemical as biohazard might happen as:
A. An accident exposure to hazard
B. Not a routine exposure to hazard
C. Non exposure to hazard
D. Foreseen exposure to hazard
5. Which of the following is one of the following is a safe work procedure and process?
A. Store explosives near detonator
B. Secure hazardous substances even not needed
C. Store incompatible chemicals together
D. Store chemical in containers and lock storage room.
iii
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Lesson Title of the Lesson
1 Common OHS Hazards, Risks, and its Controls
What I Need to Know
Learning Objectives: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should
be able to identify the types of equipment, tools and materials.
1. Provide the work support in accordance with OHS requirements and the workplace
information
2. Identify OHS hazards and file a report based on OHS requirements and accompany
reporting procedures.
What’s New
On the previous topic we discussed about selecting and checking the suitable
personal protective equipment ( PPE ) as required by the job ( horticultural production work).
Before proceeding to a new topic, there are some terms we need to be unlocked:
* OHS - Occupational Health and Safety
*HAZARDS -the effect of unpredictable and unanalyzable forces in determining
events
* RISKS - exposure to hazards
* ERGONOMICS - an applied science concerned with designing and arranging things
people use so that the people and things interact most efficiently and safely
* CONTROL- to reduce the incidence or severity of especially to innocuous levels
* ASSESS- to determine the importance, size or value of a certain matter/ act
What Is It
Information Sheet 1.1
What is hazard? Hazards are any things that can harm workers. There are health hazards
and safety hazards.
Health Hazards
Think of a health hazard as any agent, situation or condition that can cause an occupational
illness. There are five (5) types (look for each type during inspection):
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o Chemical Hazards, such as battery acid, solvents and pesticides.
o Biological Hazards, such as bacteria, viruses, dust and molds. Biological hazards
are often called “biohazards” (e.g., animal borne disease, moldy, tetanus).
o Physical Agents (energy) strong enough to cause harm, such as electric currents,
heat, light, vibration, noise and radiation.
o Work Design (ergonomic) hazards, such as lifting, moving or repositioning of heavy
loads.
o Workplace stress, such as stress associated with work shifts, work load and
harassment.
A Health hazard may produce serious and immediate (acute) effects, or cause long
term (chronic) problems. All or part of the body may be affected. Occupational illnesses
occur when someone is exposed to a chemical or biological substance, a physical agent or
other stressors that can harm them. Someone with an occupational illness may not
recognize the symptoms immediately. For example, noise-induced hearing loss is often
difficult for victims to detect until it is advanced and irreversible.
Safety Hazards
A safety hazard is anything that could cause a physical injury, such as cut or fracture.
Safety hazards cause harm when safety hazard controls are not adequate. Remember to
check the adequacy of controls during your inspections.
A Hazard Control System
Using the following steps is practical and effective way of controlling hazards. It can work for
a ‘’formal’’ or”informal” inspection. The steps are:
*Spotting known and potential hazards.
*Assessing or identifying the risks of these hazards and
*Making the changes that will eliminate or control the hazard.
Step 1: Spot the hazard
A hazard is any situation, activity, procedure, equipment or animal that could harm someone.
When spotting hazards, focus on all farm tasks, equipment and substances. When listing
hazards use:
*Common sense
*Information from past accidents, near accidents and other experiences
*Information from your family, employees, neighbors
*Product literature and information from suppliers
Step 2: Assess the risk
Next, determine the risk of harm for the hazard(s) you’ve spotted. The risk of harm is the
chance (or like hood) that the hazard will actually harm someone. Risk assessment mainly
depends on two factors:
2
*The likehood of an accident - Is it likely or unlikely to occur?
*The severity of the accident - Could it cause death, serious injury or minor injury?
*To assess the risk of a hazard hurting someone, ask questions like:
*How many people come in contact with the hazard?
*How often?
*How seriously could someone be harmed?
*How quickly could a dangerous situation come up if something goes wrong?
This will help you decide which hazard should be taken care of immediately. Also, you can
use this information to help you decide what to inspect, when to carry them out and how
often.
The risk also depends on factors such as the physical and mental abilities of the individual,
the weather terrain and how the equipment is used.
Step 3: Make the Change
There are several ways to control hazards. Pick the way(s) that’s reasonable and practical
for the circumstance you face.
1. Eliminate hazard posed by equipment, animals, and environment if at all possible. You
could, for example, get rid of faulty machine, sell a bull that is difficult to handle, put hilly
terrain into pastureland rather than cultivate it.
2. Substitute something safer by using a different machine, material or work practice that
poses less risk to perform the same task. For example, you could substitute a safer chemical
for a hazardous chemical or always use your safer tractor in steep terrain to minimize the
risk of rollover.
3. Use engineering/design controls when it’s not possible to eliminate hazards or substitute
safer materials or emergency. PTO and auger guards, rollover protective structures (RORPS)
and brake locks are good example of blocking controls used in farms. Design controls that
isolate the worker/family from the hazard including childproof locks on pesticide sheds,
fenced safe play areas away from immediate work environment and locating grain bins away
from electrical lines.
4.Protecting the workers if other controls are inadequate. Protect workers through training
supervision and personal protective equipment. For example, you should supervise new
workers until you’re sure they’re competent to deal with hazardous situation. Use and
provide proper clothes and masks for handling Dangerous chemicals or biohazards.
5. Ensure someone at the worksite is trained in giving first aid.
3
What’s More
Hierarchy of Control
Most preferred Eliminate Remove from use
Substitute Use other machine, pesticide
Barriers/instructions Modify, repair, work, procedure
Least preferred
Training Wear hearing protection, masks, goggles, gloves,
etc.
Supervision
PPE
The most desirable step in making a farm environment is safe to eliminate the hazard. To
adequately control the hazards in many situations, however, several types of controls maybe
needed.
Using the Hazard Control System
Below are examples of how this system is used. Using tractors is a very dangerous farm
task. Tractor hazards have a high risk of death or disabling injury.
Tractor hazard
Spot the Hazard Assess the Risk Make the Change
Extra riders on Serious injury or death from falling No extra riders.
the machinery off and being run over or
otherwise injured.
Bystanders near Serious injury or death from Install mirrors, improve sight lines,
machinery running over or pinning bystander. stop look and listen, keep children
and spectators away from work
area, check area before starting,
install backup keeper.
Equipment in Serious injury or death from run Do regular maintenance; always
poor condition, over after jump starting, from does a pre operational safety check.
jump starting crushing injury caused by faulty No jump starting.
hydraulics.
High/poor Serious injury or death from Never hitch above drawbar, use
hitching backwards roll over, rollover proper draw pin/clevis extra weight
caused by a too heavy load by the for tractor front end, use engine
tractor, going un the ditch, when breaking when going downhill
runaway loads. with heavy load.
Front end loader Serious injury or death from large Ensure proper size bucket for size of
improper, tool hay bale that can topple onto tractor, don’t use manure bucket for
large or too high driver or bystander. Excess moving large bales, use restraining
weight can cause rollover devices or tines, drive with bucket
particularly in uneven terrain low to the ground.
Unguarded PTO Serious injury or death from step Avoid PTO, use tight clothing, tie
over of PTO, starting of PTO, shoes, keep children away from the
being entangled while performing area, disengage PTO when
repairs. possible.
Ignition of fuel Death or injury from an Don’t spill oils on hot engine, don’t
unanticipated combustion smoke near ignitable materials, don’t
refuel inside a building, keep
children away from the area, have
fire extinguisher handy.
Element 7: Control chemical hazards and biohazards
Everyone on the farm needs to know about chemical hazards and biohazards they may be
exposed on the farm. While hydrogen sulfide, silo gas and carbon monoxide (generated by
using equipment in shops) are examples of hazards typically encountered on the farm, there
are a great number of chemical products, such as fertilizers and pesticides that can
endanger the health of people exposed to them. Use the same step to control these hazards.
Spot the Hazard
Expose to chemical or biohazard might happen as:
* An accident exposure to the hazard- spilling during the storage, transport or disposal of a
hazardous substance
*A routine exposure to the hazard- during time a chemical or biological substance is applied
or other application.
* An unforeseen exposure to the hazard- for example, exposure to hanta virus, moulds or
their spores, while cleaning a contaminated enclosed area.
Silos, manure pits and dugouts are work areas that can cause people to biological hazards.
Risk caused by farm chemical increases if containers are not labelled or labelled improperly.
Assess the Risk
The risks of chemical and biological hazards are often ignored because the effects may
appear only after long-term exposure. The long-term consequences however can be severe
and even deadly. Some chemicals, including anhydrous ammonia and some viral agents
such as Hantavirus can be life threatening.
Obtain information from suppliers (e.g. Material Data Safety Sheet [MSDS], product
information), from health and regulatory authorities (e.g. hazards alert, educational material),
from neighbours and associations. MSDSs and labels are required by law for most
hazardous products under Workplace Hazardous Materials Information Systems (WMHMIS)
requirements.
Use this information to assess the risk.
Make Necessary Changes
As the employer, you need to protect your workers from chemical and biological workplace
hazards. The following steps are important:
1. Keep an up to date inventory of hazardous and chemical biological substances.
5
2. Use obtained information for training, to develop work procedures, and to conduct
workplace monitoring and inspections.
3. Use safe work procedures and processes:
4. Use personal protective equipment suitable for the job and store the PPE separate from
chemical holding areas.
5. Know to use the PPE and its limitations.
6. Lock chemical sheds and place them out of areas likely to flood.
7. Store chemicals in containers Don’t store incompatible chemicals together.
8. Don’t store explosives near detonators.
9. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations and environmental requirements for disposal.
10. Secure hazardous substances during transport
11. Assign responsibilities to those who order, purchase, receive and transport hazardous
substances for ensuring that adequate hazard information is obtained.
12. Prepare for emergency spills, leaks or releases
13. Develop emergency response procedures for any possible situation
Know and use the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information Systems (WHMIS) for
additional information about how WMHMIS applies to farmers read the advanced education,
employment and labor publication Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
(WMHMIS) for farmers.
What I Have Learned
INDIVIDUAL/ PERFORMANCE TASKS: Learners must apply what they have
learned from the topic. This activity must be done in their local community ( local
farms ).
. ACTIVITY no.1 - Base on your experience doing farm works, what are
some common hazards you experienced?What are your solutions to overcome such
hazard?You may use the table below in answering through your own experience.
HAZARDS Experienced while doing work SOLUTIONS made to overcome such
(farm) hazard
1.
2.
3.
4.
* Rows can be added.
What I Can Do
ACTIVITY no.2 Interview a famer in the locality. Ask him/ her the hazards he/
she experrienced during doing agricultural activitis. Ask him/ her about the solutions
he/ she made to overcome such hazards.
You may use the table below in answering/ doing the interview.
HAZARDS Experienced while doing work SOLUTIONS made to overcome such
(farm) hazard
1.
2.
3.
4.
6
Summary
A Health hazard may produce serious and immediate (acute) effects, or cause long
term (chronic) problems. All or part of the body may be affected. Occupational
illnesses occur when someone is exposed to a chemical or biological substance, a
physical agent or other stressors that can harm them. Someone with an occupational
illness may not recognize the symptoms immediately. For example, noise-induced
hearing loss is often difficult for victims to detect until it is advanced and irreversible.
Everyone on the farm needs to know about chemical hazards and biohazards they
may be exposed on the farm. While hydrogen sulfide, silo gas and carbon monoxide
(generated by using equipment in shops) are examples of hazards typically
encountered on the farm, there are a great number of chemical products, such as
fertilizers and pesticides that can endanger the health of people exposed to them.
Use the same step to control these hazards.
The risks of chemical and biological hazards are often ignored because the effects
may appear only after long-term exposure. The long-term consequences however
can be severe and even deadly. Some chemicals, including anhydrous ammonia and
some viral agents such as Hantavirus can be life threatening.
7
Assessment: (Post-Test)
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the best answer form the choices given by writing the letters only
on a separate answer sheet.
2.Which of the following is considered a chemical hazard?
A.Dust B. Molds C. Virus and Bacteria D. Solvent and Pesticides
2. Hazard associated with lifting, moving of heavy loads are considered _____.
A. Chemical B. Physical Agent C. Work Design D. Work Place
3. What are examples of biohazards?
A. Acids B. Dust C. Pesticides D.Animal borne diseases
4. Expose on chemical as biohazard might happen as:
A. An accident exposure to hazard
B. Not a routine exposure to hazard
C. Non exposure to hazard
D. Forseen exposure to hazard
6. Which of the following is one of the following is a safe work procedure and process?
A. Store explosives near detonator
B. Secure hazardous substances even not needed
C. Store incompatible chemicals together
D. Store chemical in containers and lock storage room.
8
Key to Answers
1.D
2.C
3.D
4.A
5.D
9
References
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module ( Agricultural CrOps Production Exploratory course Grade 7
and 8
Follows the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition
10
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources
(DepEd-BLR)
DepEd: Division of Iligan CIty
Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
Telefax: (063) 221-6069
E-mail Address: iligan.city@deped.gov.ph
