PRACTICE TEST 28-7
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. Write your answer
in the space provided.
1. A. monkey B. money C. thank D. angry
2. A. says B. works C. hides D. enjoys
3. A. seizure B. measure C. confusion D. tension
4. A. enough B. cough C. though D. rough
5. A. look B. foot C. soon D. book
II. Choose the word whose the main stress is placed differently from the others. Write your answer in the space
provided.
6. A. attractiveness B. traditional C. generation D. American
7. A. social B. meter C. notice D. begin
8. A. example B. consider C. several D. attention
9. A. problem B. minute C. suppose D. dinner
10. A. believe B. marriage C. response D. maintain
SECTION B - VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Choose the best answer from A, B, C or D. Write your answer in the space provided.
11. This meat rather tough; you have to ________ it for a long time.
A. chew B. bite C. eat D. swallow
12. . ________earlier, I would have done it for you.
A. Had I known B. If I knew C. did I know D. by knowing
13. Although he was completely ________ as a furniture – maker, he produced the most beautiful chairs.
A. unable B. untrained C. incapable D. uneducated
14. His face looks ________, but I can’t remember his name.
A. similar B. alike C. memorial D. familiar
15. Do you ________ my turning the television on now?
A. disapprove B. mind C. want D. object
16. I saw a thief take Norman’s wallet so I ran ________ him, but I didn’t catch him.
A. after B. into C. over D. near
17. Who was the first person ________ the South Pole?
A. reaching B. who reaches C. reached D. to reach
18. I wrote to my bank manager ________ to getting a loan.
A. in the hope B. with a view C. with the aim D. on the question
19. The police have warned tourists to look ________ for pickpockets in the town centre.
A. up B. down C. out D. forward.
20. At the language school, each student is assigned to his or her own ________.
A. tutor B. professor C. staff D. director
21. They were left a lot of money in their aunt’s ________.
A. testament B. will C. heritage D. inheritance
22. That science book …………… again and again.
A. is worth to read B. is worthy reading C. is worth being read D. is worth reading
23. She had an unclear ________ of him in her mind, although she knew he would be old.
A. sight B. picture C. vision D. figure
24. Those without the major studios’ huge spending ________ are not convinced by the argument that marketing
movies can double their budget.
A. force B. strength C. weight D. power
25. The outcome was a ________ circle whereby women's work, perceived as low status, was poorly rewarded and
therefore regarded as unimportant.
A. relentless B. vicious C. brutal D. merciless
26. The best travel books of this year fall into three main categories: _________ informational, narrative, and
anecdotal.
A. truly B. fully C. literally D. purely
27. People are dying for _________ of medical treatment.
A. need B. absence C. want D. shortage
28. With just a little preparation and regular feeding and watering, you can guarantee that you have a ________ of
colour throughout the summer.
A. disturbance B. riot C. demonstration D. rally
29. Through a series of protestations and exclamations, coyness and giggling, I ________ that she was talking to
her boyfriend.
A. assembled B. amassed C. harvested D. gathered
II. The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and correct them. (5 points)
Too many parents have a tough time getting clear and accessible information about the public schools at their
communities. That is why President Clinton has announced an initiative require all states to produce annual report
cards that are easily understood by and widely distributing to parents and the public, for each school, school district
and the state as the whole. The report cards will include information to student achievement, teacher professional
qualifications, class size, school safety and other factor that will help parents judge the overall performance of the
schools. President Clinton’s proposal will help ensure which parents in every state has access to the information
they need to determine the quality of their schools and identity areas which improvement is needed.
III. Give the correct form of the words in the brackets in each of the following sentences. Write your answer
in the space provided.
Rice crops fail in drought conditions or where the soil is too (1)_________ .
So work is underway to ‘climate-proof’ rice so it can grow in even the 1. SALT
most (2) _______ of conditions. Drought affects 23 million hectares of rice 2. FAVOUR
annually, and salt is equally (3) ______________ ; it reduces yields by 40% 3. PROBLEM
and consequently (4) _______ the pressures on food supplies. Further 4. INTENSE
reductions in yields are likely due to climate (5)_______. Scientists are 5. STABLE
attempting to produce a super rice by mixing genes from drought-tolerant
plants with those from another that exploits nitrogen
(6) ____________, thus enabling it to grow without fertiliser. Comparing the 6. EFFECT
new rice’s (7) ___ with that of ordinary rice, the super rice produced 17% 7. PERFORM
more than the ordinary variety in individual trials and 42% more when
subjected to a (8) _________ of stresses. In addition, researchers are working 8. COMBINE
on improving other crops. For example, one team has developed a potato that
is (9)_______ to certain diseases. It is hoped that developments such as this 9. RESIST
will (10) _________ the impact of climate change in developing countries. 10. LESS
SECTION C: READING
I. Choose best answer from A, B, C or D to fill in the gaps in the following passage.
TREES FOR LIFE
Trees are amongst the biggest and longest-living things on Earth, some (0)…… back longer than the oldest
buildings. But (1)…….being nice to look at, trees also (2)……an important role in improving the quality of our
lives.
On a world-wide (3)…….., forests help to slow down the effects of global warming by using up the gas (4)…….as
carbon dioxide and giving (5)……..the oxygen we need to breathe. At local neighborhood level, trees also (6)
…….important environmental benefits. The offer shade and shelter, which in (7)……… reduces the amount of
energy needed to heat and cool (8)……..buildings; at the same time, they also remove other impurities from the air
we breathe.
Urban trees are especially important because for many people they provide the only daily (9)……..with the natural
world. What’s (10)…….., urban trees also provide a home for birds, small animals and butt (11)………….the trees
we would lose the pleasure of seeng these creatures in our cities. Regrettably, (12)………….. trees in cities are now
coming under (13)…….. There is a limit to the level of pollution they can (14)…….down at street level, their roots
are being seriously (15)………by the digging needed to make way for telephone, television and other cables.
0A.Dating B. ageing C. growing D. stretching
1. A. as far as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as well as
2. A. play B. show C. act D. serve
3. A. scale B. size C. range D. area
4. A. called B. known C. titled D. referred
5. A. in B. away C. up D. out
6. A. bring B. make C. take D. find
7. A. turn B. place C. order D. reach
8. A. opposite B. close C. next D. nearby
9. A. junction B. touch C. contact D. taste
10. A. more B. else C. most D. other
11. A. Throughout B. Beyond C. Without D. Outside
12. A. therefore B. whilst C. however D. despite
13. A. risk B. threat C. danger D. warning
14. A. stand in for B. face up to C. put up with D. fall back on
15. A. concerned B. disturbed C. interfered D. involved
II. Fill in each numbered gap with one suitable word. Write your answer in the space provided.
NEW CAMERA CAN SEE THROUGH WALLS - AND MAY SAVE LIVES
A camera that can see through clothes, skin and even walls without X-rays has been developed in what’s (1)_______
called one of the first great technologcal breakthroughs of the 21 st century. The “terahertz“ camera, still in prototype
form, is under rapid development by scientists In Oxfordshire. It Is likely to have many applications, ranging
(2)_______medical scanning to identifying concealed weapons on airline passengers. Unlike wrth X-rays, patients are
(3) ______ exposed to potentially harmful radiation. (4) _______ the camera detects a form of energy waves which
are naturally emitted by all obiects. The existence of (5) _______ waves has been recognised for a long time, but the
technology needed to capture them on camera has so (6) ______been too complex and expensive. Now a team of
scientists has succeeded in (7)______ a prototype in just three months. The first image which was captured by the
device revealed the outline of a human hand, clearly visible despite being hidden under a thick book. If such a device
could be mass produced, there could be one in every doctor's surgery, offering a completely safe now window mto the
human body. Disease or tissue damage could be detected at a much (8)_______ stage. increasing the chances of
successful treatment. The technology will be controversial. (9)______, as the camera could reveal body shape beneath
clothing without the subject's permission, or even knowledge. Civil liberties groups will, therefore, probably object to
its (10)______ used on the grounds that it invades the individual's privacy.
III. Read the following passage and do the following tasks.
What destroyed the Civilization of Easter Island?
A. Easter Island, or Rapu Nui as it is known locally, is home to several hundred ancient human statues - the moai.
After this remote Pacific island was settled by the Polynesians, it remained isolated for centuries. All the energy and
resources that went into the moat - some of which are ten metres tall and weigh over 7.000 kilos - came from the
island itself. Yet when Dutch explorers landed in 1722. they met a Stone Age culture. The moai were carved with
stone tools, then transported for many kilometres, without the use of animals or wheels, to massive stone platforms.
The identity of the moai builders was in doubt until well into the twentieth century. Thor Heyerdahl, the Norwegian
ethnographer and adventurer, thought the statues had been created by pre-Inca peoples from Peru. Bestselling Swiss
author Erich von Daniken believed they were built by stranded extraterrestrials. Modern science - linguistic,
archaeological and genetic evidence - has definitively proved the moai builders were Polynesians, but not how they
moved their creations. Local folklore maintains that the statues walked, while researchers have tended to assume
the ancestors dragged the statues somehow, using ropes and logs.
B. When the Europeans arrived, Rapa Nui was grassland, with only a few scrawny trees. In the 1970s and 1980s,
though, researchers found pollen preserved in lake sediments, which proved the island had been covered in lush
palm forests for thousands of years. Only after the Polynesians arrived did those forests disappear. US scientist,
Jared Diamond, believes that the Rapanui people- descendants of Polynesian settlers - wrecked their own
environment. They had unfortunately settled on an extremely fragile island – dry, cool, and too remote to be
properly fertilized by windblown volcanic ash. When the islanders cleared the forests for firewood and farming, the
forests didn't grow back. As trees became scarce and they could no longer construct wooden canoes for fishing,
they ate birds. Soil erosion decreased their crop yields. Before Europeans arrived, the Rapanui had descended into
civil war and cannibalism, he maintains. The collapse of their isolated civilization, Diamond writes, is a 'worst-case
scenario for what may lie ahead of us in our own future'.
C. The moai, he thinks, accelerated the self-destruction. Diamond interprets them as power displays by rival
chieftains who, trapped on a remote little island, lacked other ways of asserting their dominance. They competed by
building ever bigger figures. Diamond thinks they laid the moai on wooden sledges, hauled over log rails, but that
required both a lot of wood and a lot of people. To feed the people, even more land had to be cleared. When the
wood was gone and civil war began, the islanders began toppling the moai. By the nineteenth century none we re
standing.
D. Archaeologists Terry Hunt of the University of Hawaii and Carl Lipo of California State University agree that
Easter Island lost its lush forests and that it was an 'ecological catastrophe’ - but they believe the islanders
themselves weren't to blame. And the moai certainly weren't. Archaeological excavations indicate that the Rapanui
went to heroic efforts to protect the resources of their wind-lashed, infertile fields They built thousands of circular
stone windbreaks and gardened inside them, and used broken volcanic rocks to keep the soil moist. In short. Hunt
and Lipo argue, the prehistoric Rapanui were pioneers of sustainable farming.
E. Hunt and Lipo contend that moai-building was an activity that helped keep the peace between islanders. They also
believe that moving the moai required few people and no wood, because they were walked upright. On that issue.
Hunt and Lipo say, archaeological evidence backs up Rapanui folklore. Recent experiments indicate that as few as
18 people could, with three strong ropes and a bit of practice, easily manoeuvre a 1,000 kg moai replica a few
hundred metres. The figures' fat bellies tilted them forward, and a D-shaped base allowed handlers to roll and rock
them side to side.
F. Moreover, Hunt and Lipo are convinced that the settlers were not wholly responsible for the loss of the island's
trees. Archaeological finds of nuts from the extinct Easter Island palm show tiny grooves, made by the teeth of
Polynesian rats. The rats arrived along with the settlers, and in just a few years. Hunt and Lipo calculate, they
would have overrun the island. They would have prevented the reseeding of the slow-growing palm trees and
thereby doomed Rapa Nui's forest, even without the settlers' campaign of deforestation. No doubt the rats ate birds'
eggs too. Hunt and Lipo also see no evidence that Rapanui civilization collapsed when the palm forest did. They
think its population grew rapidly and then remained more or less stable until the arrival of the Europeans, who
introduced deadly diseases to which islanders had no immunity. Then in the nineteenth century slave traders
decimated the population, which shrivelled to 111 people by 1877.
G. Hunt and Lipo's vision, therefore, is one of an island populated by peaceful and ingenious moai builders and careful
stewards of the land, rather than by reckless destroyers ruining their own environment and society. ‘Rather than a
case of abject failure. Rapu Nui is an unlikely story of success', they claim. Whichever is the case, there are surely
some valuable lessons which the world at large can learn from the story of Rapa Nui.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-
ix, next to Questions 1-5.
List of Headings Example
Evidence of innovative environment management practices Paragraph A __ii__
An undisputed answer to a question about the moai
The future of the moai statues
A theory which supports a local belief
The future of Easter Island
Two opposing views about the Rapanuis’ control
Destruction outside the inhabitants’ control Paragraph G ___vi__
How the statues made a situation worse
Diminishing food resources
Questions 7-10: Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each
answer. Write your answer in the space provided.
Jared Diamond’s View
Diamond believes that the Polynesian settlers on Rapa Nui destroyed its forests, cutting down its trees for
fuel and clearing land for (6)________. Twentieth-century discoveries of pollen prove that Rapu Nui had once been
covered in palm forests, which had turned into grassland by the time the Europeans arrived on the island. When the
islanders were no longer able to build the (7) _________ they need to go fishing, they began using the island’s
(8)______ as a food source, according to Diamond. Diamond also claims that the maoi were built to show the
power of the island’s (9)______, and that the methods of transporting the statues needed not only a great number of
people, but also a great deal of (10) ________.
SECTION D: WRITING
I. Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. The chairman’s leaving just before you’re due to arrive.
=> By the _________________________________________________
2. It was difficult to understand her colleagues’ open hostility towards her proposal.
=> That her colleagues ________________________________________
3. They only reimbursed us because we took legal advice.
=> We wouldn’t _____________________________________________
4. If nothing unfortunate happens, I’ll see you next week.
=> All _________________________________________________________________.
5. The film didn’t come up to my expectations.
=> The film fell _________________________________________________________________
