The I󰈝󰇿󰈡r󰈚󰇽󰉄i󰈡n A󰈇󰇵

Wha󰉃 󰈎󰈼…
In󰇾o󰈹m󰈀󰉃󰈏o󰈞 Ag󰈩?
The Information Age began around the
1970’s and is still going today. It is also
known as the Computer Age, Digital Age
or New Media Age. This era brought
about a time period in which people
could access information and
knowledge easily.
It󰈻 󰈾󰈛pa󰇹󰉄 L󰈩󰇽d 󰉃o I󰈞v󰈩󰈝󰉄󰈏on󰈻 󰈀󰈞d S󰇵󰈸󰉐ic󰈩󰈻 󰈼󰉊c󰈊
as 󰉃󰈋󰈩 f󰈢󰈗󰈘ow󰈎󰈝󰈈:

Tex󰉃󰈎󰈞g Ema󰈎󰈗 Soc󰈎󰇽󰈗 Me󰇶󰈎󰇽

You can disseminate
You can send important
You can communicate informations to your family,
documents through
through texts by words. community and even
emails via Gmail and etc,
creating awareness to your
respective countries.
 AD󰈐󰉝󰈯T󰉚󰉂E󰈟
Im󰈥󰈹ov󰈩󰇷
Im󰈥󰈹ov󰈩󰇷 Im󰈥󰈹ov󰈩󰇷
Soc󰈎󰇽󰈗
In󰈝o󰉐󰈀t󰈏o󰈝 En󰉃e󰈹t󰈀󰈏󰈝󰈛en󰉃
Dis󰇹󰈡󰉐󰇵r󰉘
 IN󰈜󰈣󰈮D󰈓󰉑󰈙I󰈮N
● Society nowadays is best described as:
Highly modernized, automated, data-driven and technologically
advanced.
● The areas that are tremendously influenced are the following:
Communication, Economics, Industry, Health and the Environment
● the rapid upgrade of information has also its disadvantages
● According to Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary, information is
“knowledge communicated or obtained concerning a specific fact or
circumstance.” Hence, information is a very important tool for survival.
● The Information Age is defined as a “period starting in the last quarter of
the 20th century when information became effortlessly accessible through
publications and through the management of information by computers
and computer networks”.
 IN󰈜󰈣󰈮D󰈓󰉑󰈙I󰈮N
● The Information Age is also called the Digital Age and the
New Media Age because it was associated with the
development of computers.
● According to James R. Messenger who proposed the Theory
of Information Age in 1982, “the Information Age is a true new
age based upon the interconnection of computers via
telecommunications, with these information systems operating
on both a real-time and as-needed basis. Furthermore, the
primary factors driving this new age forward are convenience
and user-friendliness which, in turn, will create user
dependence.”
HI󰈠󰈙󰈮R󰇳
 Timeline of Information Age
(United States American History, n.d.).
The Information Age has changed people, technology, science, economies,
culture, and even the way people think. It brought about many new
inventions and innovations. The past has shaped our present and will
continue to shape our future.
 Year Event
● 3000 BC Sumurian writing system used pictographs to
represent words.

● 2900 BC Beginnings of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.

● 1300 BC Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used.

● 500 BC Papyrus roll was used.

 Year Event
● 220 BC Chinese small seal writing was developed.

● 100 AD Book (parchment codex).

● 105 AD Woodblock printing and paper was invented by

the Chinese.

● 1455 Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press

using movable metal type.
 Year Event
● 1755 Samuel Johnson’s dictionary standardized
English spelling.

● 1802 The Library of Congress was established.

Invention of the carbon arc lamp.

● 1824 Research on persistence of vision published.

● 1830’s First variable design for computer.

Augusta Lady Byron writes the world first
computer program.
 Year Event
● 1837 Invention of the telegraph in Great Britain and
the United States.

● 1861 Motion Pictures were projected into screen.

● 1876 Dewey Decimal system was introduced.

● 1877 Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated high-speed

photography.
 Year Event
● 1899 First magnetic recordings were released.

● 1902 Motion picture special effect were used.

● 1906 Lee Deforest invented the electronic amplifying

tube (triode).

● 1923 Television camera tube was invented by

Zvorkyn.
 Year Event
● 1926 First practical sound movie.

● 1939 Regularly scheduled television broadcasting

began in the US.

● 1940’s Beginnings of information science as a

discipline.

● 1945 Vannevar Bush foresaw the invention of

hypertext.
 Year Event
● 1946 ENIAC computer was developed.

● 1948 Birth of field-of-information theory proposed by

Claude E Shannon.

● 1957 Planar transistor was developed by Jean Hoerni.

● 1958 First integrated circuit

 Year Event
● 1960’s Library of Congress developed LC MARC
(machine readable code).

● 1969 UNIX operating system was developed, which

could handle multitasking.

● 1971 Intel introduced the first microprocessor chip.

● 1972 Optical laserdisc was developed by Philips and

MCA.
 Year Event
● 1974 MCA and Philips agreed on a standard videodisc
encoding format.

● 1975 Altair Microcomputer Kit was released: first

personal computer for the public.

● 1977 RadioShack introduced the first complete

personal computer.

● 1984 Apple Macintosh computer introduced.

 Year Event
● Mid 1980’s Artificial intelligence was separated from
information science.

● 1987 Hypercard was developed by Bill Atkinson recipe

box metaphor.

● 1991 Four hundred fifty complete works of literature

on one CD-ROM was released.

● January 1997 RSA (encryption and network security software)

Internet security code cracked for a 48-bit
number.
 As man evolved, information and its dissemination has
also evolved in many ways. Information got ahead of us. It
started to grow at a rate we were unprepared to handle. It
was difficult to collect and manage them starting in the
1960s and 1970s. Richard Wurmans called it Information
Anxiety.
We can still say the information is a very important
tool that helps improve our way of life. One thing is for
sure the information age will continue to move forward
and far greater than our minds could imagine.
Truths of the Information Age detailed by Robert Harris
1. Information must compete.
2. Newer is equated with truer.
3. Selection is a viewpoint.
4. The media sells what the culture boys.
5. The earl word gets the perm.
6. You are what you eat and so is your brain.
7. Anything in great demand will be counterfeited.
8. Ideas are seen as controversial.
9. Undead information walks ever on rumors
10. Media presence creates the story.
11. The medium selects the message.
12. The whole truth is a pursuit.
Com󰈥󰉉󰉄󰇵r
Is an electronic device that stores and
processes information.
 Types of Computer
1. Personal computer
A single user instrument that is known as microcomputers.
2. Desktop computer
A desktop computer will be set up in a permanent spot and desktop
computer has more power processor, additional memory and enhanced
capabilities for performing special groups of tasks.
3. Laptops
Are portable computers that can combine the essentials of a desktop
computer in a battery powered package.
4. Personal digital assistants
These are tightly integrated computers that usually have no keyboards
but rely on a touch screen for user input.
 Types of Computer
5. Server
Servers are usually boast powerful processors tons of memory and large
hard drives
6. Mainframes
These are used by large firms to describe the large expensive machines
that process millions of transactions every day.
7. Wearable computer
Performing common computer applications such as databases, email,
multimedia and schedulers.
The 󰈌󰈡󰈸󰈘d 󰈉󰈏󰇷e W󰈩󰇻
Internet
 Claude E. Shannon
Was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and
cryptographer known as the “Father of information theory"
He worked at Bell Laboratories and age of 32, he published a
paper proposing that information can be quantitatively encoded as a
sequence of ones and zeroes.
The Internet was developed during 1970s by the Department of
Defense. During that time, It is used incase of an attack but it is
mainly used by scientists to communicate with other scientist. The
Internet remained under government control until 1984. (Rouse,
2014)
Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors so
personal computers could process the incoming signals at a more
rapid rate (UShistory.org, 2017)
 Sergey Brin and Larry Page
These are the directors of Stanford research project. They built a
search engine that they believe it will help in the future. The researchers
launched their company in 1998.
The Information age nowadays become wealthy because of
influencial brokers, like Microsoft’s Bill Gates to Apple’s Steve Jobs to
Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg
Critics charged that the Internet created a technological divide that
increased the gap between the members of the higher class and lower
class of society. Those who could not afford a computer or a monthly
access fee were denied these possibilities.
The unregulated and loose nature of the Internet allowed
pornography to be broadcast to millions of homes. Protecting children
from these influences or even from meeting violent predators like
cyberbullying. We need to be aware of the possible harm and damage
due to abuse of these advances in the Information Age.
 Ap󰈥󰈘ic󰈀󰉃󰈏o󰈞s 󰈡󰇾
Com󰈥󰉉󰉄󰇵r󰈻 i󰈞 Sc󰈎󰇵󰈝󰇸e
an󰇷 R󰈩󰈼󰇵ar󰇹󰈋
BIOINFORMATICS
● One of the significant applications of computers for science and technology
● Is the application of information technology to store, organize and analyze vast
amount of biological data which is available in the form of sequences and
structures of proteins - the building blocks of organisms and nucleic acids -
the information
carrier
● It is established to create databases of biological sequences
SWISS - PROT PROTEIN SEQUENCE DATABASE
● It is the development of a consolidated formal data base where the initial
databases for protein sequences were maintained at individual laboratories.
● It had about 70,000 protein sequences from more than 5,000 model organisms,
a small fraction of all organisms.
● The enormous variety of divergent data is now available for study both in
academic institutions and industries.
INTERNET (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and CD- ROMs ( on request from www.rcsb.org)
● It is used for the public domain information in the larger interest of the research
community.
● These databases are constantly updated with additional entries (Madan,n.d)
COMPUTERS AND SOFTWARE TOOLS
● Used for generating databases
● Identify the functions of proteins
● Model the structure of proteins
● Determine the coding ( useful) regions of nucleic acid sequences
● Find suitable drug compound from a large pool
● Optimize the drug development process by predicting possible targets
SOFTWARE TOOLS

1. BLAST
● Used for comparing sequences

2. ANNONATOR
● An interactive genome analysis tool

3. GENEFINDER
● A tool to identify coding regions splice sites
1988
● Initiated the sequence information generated by human genome research
● Had been stored as Primary Information
26th JUNE 2000
● Formally announced the complete genome sequence
● Involved more than 500 x 1018 ( 500 million trillion) calculation during the
process of assembling sequence alone. This can be considered the biggest
exercise in the history of computational biology ( Madan, n,d)
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
● Bioinformatics is the key for rational drug discovery
● It reduced the number of trials in the screening of drug compounds and
identifying potential drug targets for particular disease using high power
computing workstation and software like insights.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
● Bioinformatics is found to be useful in the areas of identifying diseases,
resistance genes and designing plants with high nutrition value.
 How 󰉃󰈡 C󰈋󰇵c󰈔
Rel󰈎󰇽󰇼i󰈘󰈎t󰉘 󰈢󰇿 Web
So󰉉r󰇹󰇵󰈼
1. Who is the author of the article/site?

● How to find out?

Look for an “About” or “More About the Author” link at the top, bottom, or
sidebar of the webpage. Some pages will have a corporate author rather
than a single person as an author.

✔ Does the author provide his or her credentials?

✔ What type of expertise does he or she have on the subject he or she is
writing about? Does he or she indicate what his or her education is?
✔ What type of experience does he or she have? Should you trust his or
her knowledge of the subject?

✔ What kinds of websites are associated with the author’s name? Is he

or she affiliated with any educational institution?
✔ Do commercial sites come up? Do the websites associated with the
author give you any clues to particular biases the author might have?
2. Who published the site?
● How to find out?
✔ Look at the domain name of the website that will tell you who is hosting the
site.
Lee College Library website is: http://www.lee.edu/library.
The domain name is “lee.edu.”
✔ Search the domain name at http://www.whois.sc/.
What is the organization’s main purpose? Check the organization’s main
website, if it has one. Is it educational? Commercial? Is it a reputable
organization?
✔ Do not ignore the suffix on the domain name (the three-letter part that comes
after the “.”). The suffix is usually (but not always) descriptive of what type of
entity hosts the website.
Here are some examples:
.edu = educational
.com = commercial
.mil = military
.gov = government
.org = nonprofit
3. What is the main purpose of the site? Why did the author write it and why did the
publisher post it?

● To sell a product?
● As a personal hobby?
● As public service?
● To further scholarship on a topic?
● To provide general information on a topic?
● To persuade you of a particular point of view?
4. Who is the intended audience?
● Scholars or the general public?
● Which are group is it written for?
● Is it aimed at people from a particular geographic area?
● Is it aimed at members of a particular profession or with specific training?
5. What is the quality of information provided on the website?
● Timeliness: When was the website first published? Is it regularly updated?
Check for dates at the bottom of each page on the site.
● Does the author cite sources? Just as in print sources, web sources that
cite their sources are considered more reliable.
● What type of other site does the website link to? Are they reputable sites?
● What type of sites link to the website you are evaluating? Is the website
being cited by others?
 Examples of Useful and Reliable Web Sources
1. AFA e-Newsletter (Alzheimer’s Foundation of America newsletter)
2. American Memory- the Library of Congress historical digital
collection.
3. Bartleby.com Great Books Online
4. Chronicling America
5. Cyber Bullying
6. Drug information websites:
● National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus
● Drugs.com
● PDRhealth
7. Global Gateway: World Culture & Resources (from the Library of
Congress)
8. Google Books
9. Googlescholar.com
10. History sites with primary documents :
● AMDOCS: Documents for the study of American history
● Avalon Project: Documents in law, History and Diplomacy
(Yale Law School)
● Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Colonial Latin America
● Teacher Oz’s Kingdom of History
11. Illinois Digital Arts
12. Internet Archive- a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form.
13. Internet Archive for CARLI digitized resources
14. Internet Public Library
15. Ipl2 - a merger of Librarians’ Internet Index and Internet Public Library. Special interest may include the “
Literary Criticism” page which can be found after clicking on the “Special Collections” Link.
16. Librarians’ Internet Index
17. Making of America- a digital library of primary sources in American social history.
18. Maps- from the University of texas at Austin collection. Includes historical and thematic maps.
19. NationMaster- a massive central data source and a handy way to graphically compare nations. It is a
vast compilation of data from such sources as the CIA World factbook, UN, and OECD.
20. Nursing Sites:
● AHRQ (www.ahrq.gov)
● National Guidelines Clearinghouse (www.guideline.gov)
● PubMed (www.nlm.nih.gov)
21. Project Gutenberg
22. Shmoop
23. StateMaster
24. Virtual Reference
Sum󰈚󰈀󰈹y
 Now󰈀󰇷󰇽󰉙s, i󰈝󰇿󰈡r󰈚󰇽󰉄i󰈡n 󰇹󰈢u󰈘d 󰇼󰈩 󰈼h󰇽󰈸e󰇶 󰈡r 󰉃󰈹󰇽n󰈻󰇿er󰈸󰈩󰇶 q󰉊i󰇹󰈕l󰉘.
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t󰈊e󰈛s󰈩󰈗󰉐󰇵s. Va󰈸󰈎󰈢u󰈼 󰈀s󰈥󰇵󰇸t󰈻 o󰇿 󰈡󰉊r 󰈻o󰇸󰈎󰇵t󰉘 a󰈹󰈩 󰇽l󰈻o 󰇻󰈩󰈏n󰈇 i󰈞f󰈗󰉉󰇵󰈞ce󰇷
b󰉘 󰉄he I󰈝󰇿󰈡r󰈚󰇽󰉄i󰈡n A󰈇󰇵 e󰈼p󰈩󰇹󰈏a󰈘l󰉘 󰇸󰈡m󰈚󰉊󰈞ic󰈀󰉃󰈏o󰈞, 󰈩c󰈢󰈝o󰈛󰈎c󰈻,
in󰇷󰉉󰈼t󰈸󰉙, he󰈀󰈗󰉄h, 󰇽󰈝󰇶 t󰈊e 󰈩󰈞v󰈏󰈸o󰈞m󰈩󰈝󰉄. The 󰈸󰈀󰈦󰈏d u󰈥󰈈r󰈀󰇷󰇵 o󰇿
in󰇾󰈡󰈹m󰇽󰉃i󰈡󰈞 p󰈢󰈻e󰈼 b󰈡󰉃󰈋 p󰈢󰈻i󰉄󰈎v󰇵 a󰈝󰇶 n󰈩󰈇󰇽󰉄iv󰈩 󰈏󰈚󰈦ac󰉃󰈼 t󰈡 󰈢u󰈸 󰈼󰈡c󰈏e󰉃󰉙.
The󰈸󰈩󰇿󰈢re, 󰉒󰈩 󰈞󰇵ed 󰉃󰈡 󰇸󰇽re󰇾󰉉󰈘l󰉘 󰇸he󰇹󰈕 󰈡󰉊r 󰈚o󰉄󰈎v󰇵󰈻 󰇻ef󰈡󰈸󰇵
di󰈻󰈼󰈩m󰈏󰈝a󰉄󰈎n󰈇 󰈏󰈞fo󰈸󰈛󰈀t󰈏o󰈝 󰈀󰈞d 󰉒󰇵 a󰈘s󰈡 󰈝󰇵e󰇶 t󰈡 󰉏󰇵󰈹if󰉘 󰈎󰈞f󰈢󰈸󰈛at󰈎󰈢󰈝
be󰇾󰈡󰈹󰇵 be󰈗󰈎󰇵󰉐in󰈇 󰉄h󰈩󰈚 󰇽󰈞d u󰈻󰈎󰈞g 󰇽󰈝󰇶 s󰈊a󰈹󰈎n󰈇 󰉄h󰇵󰈚. We 󰈼h󰈡󰉊󰈗󰇶 s󰈊a󰈹󰈩
in󰇾󰈡󰈹m󰇽󰉃i󰈡󰈞 t󰈊󰇽󰉄 co󰉉󰈗󰇶 h󰇵󰈗󰈦 im󰈥󰈹󰈡v󰇵 o󰉉󰈸 󰈘󰈏ve󰈻 󰈀󰈞d 󰈢󰉃󰈋er󰈻.
The 󰈩󰈝󰇶.
 Tha󰈝󰈕 y󰈡󰉊
an󰇷 G󰈡󰇶
b󰈗e󰈼s 󰉉󰈻 󰇽󰈘l!