5th National Symposium
Shaping the Energy Future: Challenges and Opportunities
Frontiers in Sustainable Energy: Carbon capture and Storage (CCS)
Author-Kumar Ayush
Dept. of Chemical Engg., BIT Sindri, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, ayushkr2612@gmail.com
Presenter Name-Kumar Ayush
Abstract:
The imminent risk of
climate change and
pollution can now be
seen in a panoramic
view of the world.
Today, all countries are
competing to find
sustainable ways to
transform into
sustainable energy
sources. The
availability of mature
technologies with high
reliability and low cost is the basis of an effective decarbonization strategy, which
must be supported by the right policies at the right time. One of the solutions to this
problem that could play an important role in decarbonizing the power sector is carbon
capture, use and storage (CCUS), which is intended to complement power plants
based on this combustion process., both for fossil fuels and finally bioenergy
(BECCUS), to obtain negative emissions. The first project related to CCS aimed to
utilize carbon dioxide to improve oil recovery in depleted reservoirs. These projects
typically include post-combustion separation of CO2 (post-combustion capture is the
process of removing CO2 from power plant flue gas prior to its compression,
transportation and storage in appropriate geological formations) with a removal
efficiency of about 90%, but requires additional power consumption to transport the
gas to a certain specified storage location, which in turn demands dedicated
infrastructure. Techniques like Membrane separation, Absorption, Multiphase
absorption, Adsorption, Chemical looping combustion and Calcium looping are
implemented during the carbon separation processes but in actuality among all the
above-mentioned processes the most dominant one i.e., the one that has been
implemented so far industrially is Absorption or ‘Carbon Scrubbing using Amines’.
Many alternative solutions have been proposed to take advantage of CO2. The CCU,
also known as the carbon value, can recycle the flow of carbon dioxide from flue gas
or air to produce a variety of products, including cement, carbonates, chemicals,
plastics and synthetic fuels. It includes several techniques that can be done. The
purpose of these processes is to find CCS options by burying carbon emissions
underground to create products in markets that consume other resources for
production and provide effective value. In some cases, for example, carbon dioxide is
released back into the atmosphere during the production of fuel, but the entire cycle is
5th National Symposium
Shaping the Energy Future: Challenges and Opportunities
(almost) carbon-neutral. With growing interest in CCU applications worldwide, some
companies are already offering commercially competitive solutions, but many are of
limited scale. The previous concept is commonly combined with flue gas combustion
in thermal power plants, but another technology, direct air capture (DAC), which is
still in its infancy, is drawing attention in the scientific community.
In simple terms DAC is designed so as to capture CO2 directly
at air concentration using a specific solution, including membranes. The process starts
with an air contactor – a large structure modelled off industrial cooling towers. A
giant fan pulls air into this structure, where it passes over thin plastic surfaces that
have potassium hydroxide solution flowing over them. This non-toxic solution
chemically binds with the CO2 molecules, removing them from the air and trapping
them in the liquid solution as a carbonate salt. The CO2 contained in this carbonate
solution is then put through a series of chemical processes to increase its
concentration, purify and compress it, so it can be delivered in gas form ready for use
or storage. This involves separating the salt out from solution into small pellets in a
structure called a pellet reactor, which was adapted from water treatment technology.
These pellets are then heated in our third step, a calciner, in order to release the CO2
in pure gas form. The calciner is similar to equipment that’s used at very large scale in
mining for ore processing. This step also leaves behind processed pellets that are
hydrated in a slaker and recycled back into the system to reproduce the original
capture chemical. This is to find a facility and allow for greater flexibility. While one
of the main challenges relates to the consumption of large amounts of energy, experts
are convinced that it has the potential to become cost-competitive with other CO2
recovery technologies if deployed on a large scale.
Take away Message:
How to employ CCS Technologies at the current point in time?
Retrofitting existing power plants/industries.
Constructing new CCS units near the point sources.
Benefits of CCS Technologies
Generating additional power.
Creating more fuel
Other Pollutants Can Be Removed at the Same Time
CO2 Is Easier to Remove at Point Sources
Enriching concrete
Bolstering manufacturing operations
Biography:
Kumar Ayush is a final year chemical engineering undergraduate from BIT Sindri.He has
done his internship at CSIR-CIMFR, Dhanbad on the topic "An Overview of Coalbed
Methane (CBM) Exploration and Production Techniques" under the supervision of Sri.
Jaywardhan Kumar, Scientist.
Details of presenting author to be mentioned in certificate:
5th National Symposium
Shaping the Energy Future: Challenges and Opportunities
Name: Kumar Ayush
Affiliation: Dept. Of Chemical Engineering, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad-828123
Other details:
Presentation Category: Poster Presentation
Session Name: Technologies Powering the Transition to Sustainable Fuels and Energy
Email: ayushkr2612@gmail.com
Alternative Email: rk0222880@gmail.com
Contact Number:8986661633
Twitter/Facebook/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kumar-ayush-4700a8175/
Kumar Ayush
