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Sikira

The hand axe was the first example of a wedge, which is the oldest of the six classic simple machines. The other four simple machines, including the wheel, lever, pulley and screw were invented in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt between the 5th and 1st millennium BC and were used to construct structures like the Egyptian pyramids.

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45 views1 page

Sikira

The hand axe was the first example of a wedge, which is the oldest of the six classic simple machines. The other four simple machines, including the wheel, lever, pulley and screw were invented in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt between the 5th and 1st millennium BC and were used to construct structures like the Egyptian pyramids.

Uploaded by

Samir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The 

hand axe, made by chipping flint to form a wedge, in the hands of a human transforms
force and movement of the tool into a transverse splitting forces and movement of the
workpiece. The hand axe is the first example of a wedge, the oldest of the six classic simple
machines, from which most machines are based. The second oldest simple machine was
the inclined plane (ramp),[6] which has been used since prehistoric times to move heavy
objects.[7][8]

The other four simple machines were invented in the ancient Near East.[9] The wheel, along
with the wheel and axle mechanism, was invented in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) during
the 5th millennium BC.[10] The lever mechanism first appeared around 5,000 years ago in
the Near East, where it was used in a simple balance scale,[11] and to move large objects
in ancient Egyptian technology.[12] The lever was also used in the shadoof water-lifting
device, the first crane machine, which appeared in Mesopotamia circa 3000 BC,[11] and then
in ancient Egyptian technology circa 2000 BC.[13] The earliest evidence of pulleys date back
to Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BC,[14] and ancient Egypt during the Twelfth
Dynasty (1991-1802 BC).[15] The screw, the last of the simple machines to be invented,
[16]
 first appeared in Mesopotamia during the Neo-Assyrian period (911-609) BC.
[17]
 The Egyptian pyramids were built using three of the six simple machines, the inclined
plane, the wedge, and the lever, to create structures like the Great Pyramid of Giza.[18]

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