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SAN 8EQA LAW CENTRAUZED BA~ OPERATIONS: MEMO~Y
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,.... · Example .of class suit . Answer: · He should sue . the vehicle drivers. and
}t, •Oeri.vative · s1,1it brought on be_ half of -numerous o.wners rn· ttie :a!ternative(1 RiANO, supra at .234).
,t. stockholders of a corporation to perpetually enjoin or
{: · nullify what is 'claimed to be a breach of trust .or an Just as the Rule ailows ~ suit against d~fendants in
i', · ultra vir~s act of the com pany's board direct.ors.' of the · alternative, the Rul.e also allows alternative
/ .. 'causes ·of . action · and -alternatfv~ defenses "(ROG,
Rule .8, Sec. 20). · · ·
I
In ·such a suit, there is one, single right 'at ·action
pertaining •; tc:i numer_ous stockholders, not multiple
rights belonging separately tci several, ·di$tinct · W~ere the ~uit ·_is agairi'st alternative defendants
persons : under alternative causes "of action , one for.,breach of
. con.tractof carriag~ by sea and the other.for.viola tion
II!· .
Example of permissiv.e joindet of parties · · of arrastre contract and al the. time tl=) _e complaint is
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t.a Employe _e:s·dismissed :by their employer on the same -filed, ·the ·pl1;1intiffdi_d npt.~now <,1t'whatprecise stag,e
occasio"n · for. . -substantially the . ~ame reasons, of tlW Series, of trans.actions ··the loss ·com plained of
~t'
}' . alleg·edly wiJhout ·cause or justificati o n, ·m.a1 join as· took place,·jo ii:ide"rof causes of. action:an~ partie s
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. ·:plaintiff in a single action to -obtain relief from t_heir
e'mployer . :- ·. · ·
defendan _ t~ is allowe <;J ·under Sec. 5:,Rule 2 of the ·
.Rules : of Court(lnsur ance Co . . of. North America v.
/Jnited States Line_s-CQ.,GR: No.L-21839; April 30,
:::··. }968).. . . . .
, -In such ..a .case, the 'plaintiff eac h -h,:1ve a material ,
.·interest only fn the damages pr0perly .due to. himi .not /1 '.?i
inJho~e that may be payable .to. the others, althougl f /' ) (. s ·ecTION .14. UNKN()WN IDENTITY OR NAME OF
the:_ir right_sthereto a~ise .fr9m the same trans actibn; !;( '\ DEFEN .DANT · · · ·
it_._is tr~_e that in_ ~o!h_"juridical sit~ations, ' _.~; ;,~r ;/ ','.~:H1. - ~~-~,:1ever ,tbr;identity _ or n·ame o( a def~nd l;lhf is
es~ential factors e~1st '·:·• !he same trans~_9Jjs>n~r:';:~'j'!,;,-';100 ¥£1~~~::-far;r,ay~be .sued _as the .u~kno:-vn ow ner,
sene~ . of. tr.insact1ons 1s inyc;ilved; 8..1J .d:5:i::emm0l:)~-- ! ·. heir, aev1(>e ·~!'\?f:·by such othe_r des1gnat1on as th.e
qu~stions ·of fact or-law are at 1s_s_ ue. ~f.lftmakes th,t\:d . 1 case. may rtq ~l!Je. ·. · . . . . . . . ,
:situatio n ·cl · ·proper . case for a cl~s~;-~i:(it · is t~~,.. [" ·,·: . · . . · -~f ~ \\ . · . · · . .. ·
circur:flstan.c?,tt)at ther~ is · only one ~ig~t ~;..'q"Et~se. of · r\ '. W)len 1hi~id¥-titi or true n~me is discoyer~~; . the
action· pertaihing or belonging )Rf;fufnm6'\ft9'srtiah,¥-;. !-~:: . ph;iadinmrriusi be'•~mended accordingly. ·. · ·
pars_bns, not separately . orl ~~yerallJ ;::tl? ,dis~inc('' r~~l
.··.;-~··J ·• JL:.J}~ .• . . . .
i
individuals (Re: . R_equest ~j/th~ "•IH~i~~) or\ ·,tJ:!.i ,t•..~) Serv1c.,~~H,;:>J'P\'il19:PSupon•. a •·defendant. _whos~
.
Passengers of the -Dona Paz fp ~?t f\$1"qe1th~ Orii~r. · j':~ · identity ·is-¼UJ!lE,"0own may ; by · .leave "Of court, ..-be ·
Da._ted . January . 4, . 19.88 , of -:.71, y,fiy_e '{,~(3.: ,f. p{ effect ed ·~p~n ~.im by publication jn a· newspaper ·of
. Clii11gc::t.ia11gco, A.fvf: . No . . 88-1-(J,f.6-f,; ~,flj_'C/~ · 3, . tt;;;:;~f~~1eral crrculat1on. (ROC, Rule 14, Sec.>14). . .. ·
1988)., .· · . ; •'~~ ·':"'":. . ·, ,_.;..,,,
\ . ..-j.-i~:w1 ,t, J._-:'c- -: .. . · ·, · ·. · • ..
. :,,,,,,,-: · . ,:,(' ·'.,..,,--:-·~ii.c..:- 5ee -i:l'0N•.•·$,15, ENTITY · WITHOUT JURIDICAL
N_ote:· A·, class suit shall · hot . .be ·:~/i ·miss~l!:f .br,. . . ·. .PERS9NA~IT:V AS DEf EN.DANT
,. ci;>mpro"rnfs~d without .the: approv 9! . 6f-:,~m~J)OOurt_· ·· · · · · · · ·
(RO(;, Rul e FT,$ea. 2). . . - . ;. · 'WhE:ih·.iwo•
.~r- mo.re ,perso~s not orga~ ized .as an
ertity with .Juridical p!:irso~alfty .: enter info a·
A membe.r 'at the das~ ·is bound by. tt)~ judgment "lri _transaction, they ..may_qe .sueq ·under _the name ~Y
the cl.ass suit; he nce.this .section ghies him the r'ight . .. which
.
th.
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ey are. genera.)ly .
or-
.
com.rno.rily
.
k1)6Wh. . ·
to "intervepe if·he de.sires to protect hisown indivi_dual ·
In· the ·an s'wer of such defendant, the ·riames and
. interesf(1
. .
R£GA~ADD
. ./s upra at 102). ·· ·
..: . ...\ ·..addre&_~e.s.of . tl:ie .persorjs com po.~ing s~id entity
SECTION 1_~--Al,,TERNATIVE QEFE~DAN-TS .: m.us! all"be revealed .. · · ·· ·
· .' Where· the . plaintrff is . uncertain ' cigainst who of .$~rvfo:e
..of summons .111ayl;>e-effected upon ali the .
· · several pe_rsqr\s he. is ~ntitl"ld 'to relief; he· may joi_n defendants by . serving· upon any . one of them, O'r
any i;ir air o.fthem ai:rdefendants in t!'Je alternative; • . upon the pe~soii" in charge .of the. office or. place of
although . a· .right to · r~lief against :one · may
be . · .. bl!Siness maintained . Iii such nam~ (ROC; Rule ·14,
_iriconsisterit with' a rightto relief a!:J'.ajnst
·1.
he· oth~ r:- ·. Sec. 8). . .
Ex~m~le: · A~su~ _e that ·. Mr.X.,•a pedest rl;m, •was· An entity w1thout'juridical. p_ersona'lity may be sued .·
inju·red in the collision of. two vehicles .. He suffer~d ·under . a common name tiy ·y,,hicl)-· it ,is cqmmonly ·
injuries but -does not know -with certainty which known wheri .it re·pr.esents to the plaintiff ·vnde r c';1
· vehi'cle cau·sed the niish _ap. What should .Mr. X do if common name, and the latter relies -.ori such
he wants to sue? · · · representation (Lapanday .vs. Estita, . i:iR . 162109,.
Ja,nu{Jry71, 2005). ·
2019 SAN BEPA CENTRALIZED BAR OPERA !IONS J 41
