Correction

Corrections - is typically carried out by government agencies and involves the punishment,
treatment, and
supervision of persons who have been    convicted of crimes.               
                      
Penology - The study of the punishment of crime and prison management.Is a section of
criminology that deals with the philosophy and practice to repress criminal activities via an
appropriate treatment and supervision of persons convicted of criminal offenses.
                   
Punishment - is the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense."The penalty
inflicted".
                        
Prison reform - is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons and aiming a a more
effective penal system.

Prison - is a place in which people are physically confined and usually deprived of a range of
personal freedoms.
             
Jail - is a short term detention facility.

Halfway house - also called recovery house or sober house - is a place to allow people to
begin the process of reintegration with society while still providing monitoring and support; this is
generally believed to reduce the risk of recidivism or   relapse when compared to a   release
directly into society.

Rehabilitation - it came from latin word "habilis" literally fit or suitable. Its meaning was
expanded to mean "restore to sound operation" or "to establish the good reputation".
                                                                                      
Solitary confinement - is a special form of imprisonment in which a prisoner is isolated fro any
human contact, though often with the exception of members of prison staff.

Jail
Prison
 a place of detention; a place where a
 a place of long term confinement for
person convicted or suspected of a
those convicted of serious crimes.
crime is detained.
 Bureau of Corrections
 BJMP
 DOJ
 DILG
 holds people convicted of
 holds people awaiting trial and people
crimes;sentenced for a longer term.
sentenced for a short duration.

Zebulon Reed Brockway - regarded as the father of prison reform in the United States.
Believed that the primary reason to have a prisoner in custody was to rehabilitate and not simply
to punish. Warden at the Elmira reformatory from 1876 to 1900. He introduced the following:

1. a program of education
2. training in useful trades
 3. physical activity
4. indeterminate sentence
5. inmate classification
6. incentive program.

Alexander Maconochie - (1787 -1860) - a Scottish naval officer, geographer and penal
reformer. His two basic principle of penology were that:

1. as cruelty debases both the victim and society, punishment should not be vindictive but
should aim at the reform of the convict to observe social constraints.
2. a convicts imprisonment should consist of task, not time sentences with release
depending on the performance of a measurable amount of labor.

Modern Form/Method  of Punishment

1. Execution - for capital offenses. ex. death by lethal injection

2. Imprisonment/Incarceration
3. Fines
4. Probation and Parole
5. House Arrest - is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to his or
her residence. Travel is usually restricted if allowed at all.

Ancient Form/Method of Punishment

1. shame punishment
2. exile/banishment
3. payment to the victim
4. branding - (Stigmatizing) - is the process by which a mark is burned into the skin of a
living person.
5. flogging - (flagellation) - is the act of methodically beating or whipping the human body.
6. mutilation - (maiming) - is the act of physical injury that degrades the appearance or
function of any living body usually without causing death.
7. burning
8. beheading
9. torture

* In the Philippines so far, 17 persons were executed

   by hanging, 84 persons were executed by electric
   chair, 7 persons were executed by lethal injection.

* Majority of inmates confined in national prison did

   not finish high school, 6% never went to school or
   were illiterate and 3% earned a college degree.
1. The authoritative imposition of something negative or unpleasant
    on a person in response to behavior deemed wrong by law.
      A. Punishment                                              C. Retribution
      B. Banishment                                               D. Penalty
                                                                                                           Ans. A
2. The branch of criminology concerned with prison management
    and prison rehabilitation.
      A. Penology                                                  C. Correction
      B. Sociology                                                  D. Anthropology
                                                                                                           Ans. A
3. Getting back at someone for something they did to hurt you.
      A. Punishment                                              C. Justification
       B. Retribution                                              D. Penalty
                                                                                                            Ans. B
4. A punishment for some violation of conduct which involves the
    infliction of pain on or harm to the body.
      A. Penalty                                                     C. Banishment
      B. Punishment                                               D. Corporal punishment
                                                                                                           Ans. D
5. French penal colony from 1852 to 1959 where political prisoners are
    exiled.
      A. Devil's island                                             C. Robben island
      B. Tasmanian island                                       D. Cape of good hope
                                                                                                           Ans. A
6. A prison reformer who published an influential book that proposed
    prison reform.
      A. Elizabeth Fry                                           C. John Goodman
      B. John Howard                                           D. Victoria Azarenka
                                                                                                            Ans. B
7. An English reformer sometimes referred to as the "angel of prisons"
    because of her driving force behind new legislatio to treat prisoners
    humanely.
      A. Elizabeth Fry                                            C. John Goodman
      B. John Howard                                            D. Alex Morgan
                                                                                                           Ans. A
8. A prison complex located at the coast of capetown south africa which
    serve as a refugee camp for people afflicted wit leper before
    converted  into a prison.
      A. Port Arthur                                              C. Pennsylvania prison
      B. Robben island                                          D. Elmira prison
                                                                                                            Ans. B
9. A penal method of the 19th century in which persons worked during
    the day and were kept in solitary confinement at night and silence
    enforced   at all times.
      A. Auburn System                                        C.Pennsylvania system
      B. U.K system                                               D. Irish system
                                                                                                           Ans. A
10. The first reformatory prison.
      A. Auburn prison                                        C. Pennsylvania prison
      C. New York correctional facility                 D. Elmira correctional facility
                                                                                                           Ans. D
Remember the following: 

1. Punishment - The authoritative imposition of something negative or

    unpleasant on a person in response to behavior deemed wrong by law.
   
2. Penology - The branch of criminology concerned with prison
    management and prison rehabilitation.
  
3. Retribution -  Getting back at someone for something they did to
    hurt you.

4. Corporal punishment - A punishment for some violation of conduct

    which involves the infliction of pain on or harm to the body.
  
5. Devil's island - French penal colony from 1852 to 1959 where
    political prisoners are exiled.

6. John Howard -  A prison reformer who published an influential book

    that proposed prison reform.
   
7. Elizabeth Fry -  An English reformer sometimes referred to as the
    "angel of prisons" because of her driving force behind new legislation to
    treat prisoners humanely.
  
8. Robben island  -  A prison complex located at the coast of Capetown
    south Africa which     serve as a refugee camp for people afflicted wit
    leper before converted into a prison.
 
9. Auburn System - A penal method of the 19th century in which
    persons worked during the day  and were kept in solitary confinement
    at night and silence enforced at all times.
   
10.Elmira correctional facility - The first reformatory prison.

11.Notable elements of Auburn system

      a. stripped uniform
      b. lockstep
      c. silence

12.Auburn correctional facility - the site of the first execution by

     electric chair in 1890.

13.Pennsylvania system - penal method based on the priciple that

     solitary confinement fosters penitence and encourages
     reformation.Superseded by the Auburn system.

14.Separate system - is a form of prison management based on the

     principle of keeping prisoners in solitary confinement.
   
15.Magna Carta - Englands historic document which states that no man
     could be imprisoned without trial.
   
16.Port Arthur - located in Tasmania, Australia, is a penal colony which
     is the   destination for the hardest English prisoner during the middle of
     the 19th century.
   
17.Banishment - to force offenders to leave a country, home,or place
     by official decree.

18.Piracy act of 1717 - was an act of the parliament of Great Britain

     that established  a 7 years penal transportation to North America as
     a possible punishment   for those convicted of lesser felonies.
   

Probation

What is Probation? ans.- is a disposition under which a defendant after conviction and
sentence is released subject to conditions imposed by the court and to the supervision of a
probation officer.

Who can apply for Probation? ans. any first time convicted offender who is 18 years old or
above.

Is probation a right? ans. no, it is a mere privilege for adult offenders. Under RA 9344
(Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006) a child in conflict with the law (CICL) is granted the
right to probation as an alternative to imprisonment if qualified under the Probation law.

Where shall an application for Probation be filed? ans. the application shall be filed with the
court that tried and sentenced the offender.

What will happen if the application for Probation is denied? ans. the offender will be sent by
the sentencing court to prison to serve his sentence.

When should an application for Probation be filed? ans. anytime before the offender starts
serving his sentence but within 15 days from the promulgation of notice of judgment of
conviction. Under section 42 of RA 9344, The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006, the
court may after it shall have  sentenced a child in conflict with the law and upon application at
anytime placed the child on probation in lieu of service of his sentence.

May an offender be released from confinement while his application for Probation is
pending? ans. yes, the applicant may be released under the bail he filed in the criminal case or
under recognizance.

How many times can one be granted Probation? ans. only once.

RULES ON GRANT OF PROBATION

1. After having convicted and sentenced a defendant, the trial court may suspend the
execution of the sentence and place the defendant on probation, upon application by the
defendant within the period for perfecting an appeal.
 2. Probation may be granted whether the sentenced imposed a a term of imprisonment or
fine only.
3. No application for probation shall be entertained or granted if the defendant has
perfected an appeal.
4. Filing of application for probation operate as a waiver of the right to appeal.
5. The order granting or denying probation shall not be appealable.
6. Accessory penalties are deemed suspended once probation is granted.
7. The convict is not immediately put on probation. There shall be a prior investigation by
the probation officer and a determination by the court.

 
Will Probation be automatically granted to one whose sentence is 6 years or less? ans.
no, the applicant may be denied by the court if:
1. The offender would be better rehabilitated if he/
    she is sent to prison to serve his/her sentence.
2. There is undue risk that the offender will likely
    commit another crime.
3. Probation will depreciate the seriousness of the
    offense committed.

  Under section 70 of RA 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, the
court may in its discretion, placed the accused under probation even if the sentence
provided under section 11 of the act is higher than that provided under the probation law.

What will happen if a probationer violates the conditions of probation? ans.

1. The court may modify the conditions of probation
    or revoke the same.
2. If the violation is serious, the court may order the
    probationer  to serve his prison sentence.
3. The probationer may also be arrested and criminally
    prosecuted if the violation is a criminal offense.

   The court order  shall not be subject to appeal.

 Probation is not coterminous with its period. There must be an order issued
 by the court discharging the probationer. Upon 
 finding that he has fulfilled  the terms and conditions of his probation, the court may
order the final discharge of the probationer.
This shall have the following effects:
       a. case is deemed terminated.
       b. all civil rights suspended or lost are
            restored.          

                 c. offender's liability for any fine imposed is

                     discharged.

Who are disqualified from the benefits of probation: ans.                                                        

1. Those sentenced to serve a prison term of more
     6 years.
2. Those convicted of any crime against the national
    or the public order.
3. Those previously convicted of an offense which is
    punished by imprisonment of not less that one
    month and one day imprisonment and/or a fine of
    not less than P200.
4. Those who have been  placed on probation once.
5. Those serving sentence.
6. Those whose conviction is on appeal.
7. Those convicted of an offense against the omnibus
    election code, insurgency law, wage rationalization
    act.

There are two kinds of conditions imposed upon the offender under  probation:
 
1. Mandatory or general – once violated, the 
    probation is cancelled.
      1) To report to the probation officer within 72
           hours after he receives the order of the court
           granting probation.
      2) To report to his probation officer at least once a
           month.
      3) not to commit any other offense while on
          probation.
     
2. Discretionary or special – additional conditions  
    which the court may additionally impose for the
    probationer’s correction and rehabilitation outside  prison. The enumeration is not exclusive,
as long  as the probationer’s Constitutional rights are not  
    jeopardized.
     

How long is the period of probation? ans.

1. not more than 2 years if the sentence of the
    offender is 1 year or less.
2. not more than 6 years if the sentence is more than
    one year.
3. When the penalty is a fine only and the offender   
    is made to serve subsidiary imprisonment, probation
    shall be twice the total number of days of subsidiary
    imprisonment

What is Parole? ans. it is the release of a prisoner from prison after serving the minimum
period of his indeterminate sentence.

Who can not be granted parole? ans. generally, those sentenced to a term of imprisonment of
one year or less or to a straight penalty or to a prison sentence  without a minimum term of
imprisonment.

Who may grant parole to a prisoner? ans. the board of pardon and parole, an agency under
the Department of Justice.

When may a prisoner be granted parole? ans. whenever the board of pardon and parole
finds that there is a reasonable probability that if released, the prisoner will be law abiding and
that his release will not be incompatible with the interest and welfare of society and when a
prisoner has already served the minimum penalty of his/her indeterminate sentence of
imprisonment.

What happens if a parolee violates the conditions of his parole? ans. he shall be rearrested
and recommitted or returned to prison to served the unexpired portion of the maximum period of
his sentence.

What is executive clemency? ans. it refers to the commutation of sentence, conditional

pardon and absolute pardon may be granted by the president upon recommendation of the
board.

What is commutation of sentence? ans.  it is the reduction of the period of a prison sentence.

What is conditional pardon? ans. it is the conditional exception of a guilty offender for the
punishment imposed by a court.

What is absolute pardon? ans. it is the total extinction of the criminal liability of the individual
to whom it is granted without any condition whatsoever resulting to the full restoration of  his civil
rights.

Who may file a petition for conditional pardon? ans. a prisoner who has served at least one
half of the maximum of the original indeterminate and/or definite prison term.

Who may grant commutation of sentence and pardon? ans. the president.

Who may file a petition for commutation of sentence?

ans.  the board may review the petition of a prisoner
for commutation of sentence if he/she meets the following minimum requirement:

  at least 1/2 ( one half) of the minimum of his indeterminate and/or definite prison term or
the aggregate minimum of his determinate and/or prison terms.
 at least 10 years for prisoners sentenced to one reclusion perpetua or one life
imprisonment, for crimes/offenses not punishable under RA 7659 and other special law.
 at least 12 years for prisoners whose sentences were adjusted to 40 years in
accordance with the provisions of article 70 of the RPC as amended.
 at least 15 years for prisoners convicted of heinous crimes as defined in RA 7659
committed on or after January 1, 1994 and sentenced to one reclusion perpetua or one
life imprisonment.
 at least 17 years for prisoners sentenced to 2 or more reclusion perpetua of life
imprisonment even if their sentences were adjusted to 40 years in accordance  with the
provision of article  70 of the RPC as amended.
 at least 20 years for those sentenced to death which was automatically commuted or
reduced to reclusion perpetua.

Who may file a petition for absolute pardon? ans. one may file a petition for absolute pardon
if he had served his maximum sentence or granted final release and discharge or court
termination of probation.

Is a prisoner who is released on parole or conditional pardon with parole conditions

placed under supervision? ans. yes, the prisoner is placed under the supervision of a
probation and parole officer.

PD 968 - Probation law of 1976 - this is the title of the decree/law. It took effect July 24, 1976.

Purpose of the law

1. promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender by providing him with

individualized treatment.
2. provide an opportunity for the reformation of a penitent offender which might be less
probable if he were to serve a prison sentence.
3. prevent the commission of offenses.

Probationer - a person placed on probation.

Probation officer - one who investigates for the court a referral for probation or supervises a
probationer or both.

  The Probation administration shall be headed by the Probation administrator who shall
be appointed by the president of the Philippines.
 There shall be an assistant probation administrator who shall assist the administrator
perform such duties as may be assigned to him by the latter and as may be provided by
law.

Qualifications of the Administrator and Assistant Probation Administrator.

1.  at least 35 years of age

2. holder of a masters degree or its equivalent in either criminology, social work,
corrections, penology, psychology, sociology, public administration, law, police science,
police administration or related field.
3. at least 5 years of supervisory experience or be a member of the Philippine bar with at
least 7 years of supervisory experience. 

Regional Probation officer and Assistant regional Probation Officer - appointed by the
president upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Justice.

Provincial and City Probation officer - appointed by the Secretary of justice upon the
recommendation of the administrator and in accordance with civil service law and rules.

Qualifications of Regional, Assistant Regional, Provincial and City Probation officers.

1. Bachelors degree with a major in social work, sociology, psychology, criminology,

penology, corrections, police science, administration or related fields.
 2. at least 3 years in work requiring any of the above mentioned disciplines or is a member
of the Philippine bar with at least 3 years of supervisory experience.

 when practicable, the provincial or city probation officer shall be appointed from among
qualified residents of the province or city where he will be assigned to work.

1. It is the authority of the President of the Philippines to

    suspend the execution of a penalty, reduce the sentence
and
    extinguish criminal liability.
       A. Parole
       B.Executive clemency
       C. Pardon   
       D.President’s clemency                               Answer: B

2. The B.J.M.P. is under the administration of the:

       A.    Executive Department     
       B.    P.N.P.
       C.    D.I.L.G.
       D.    D.O.J                                                   Answer: C

3. There are three (3) casework techniques applied by the

parole
     officer, which is not included?
       A.    The trick and treat techniques
       B.The executive techniques
       C.The guidance, counseling and leadership techniques
       D.The manipulative techniques                   Answer: A

4. The basis of this old school of penology is the human free-

will.
       A.    Penology School       
       B.    Classical School
       C.    Neo-classical
       D.    Positivist                                               Answer: B

5. This helps the prisoner/detainee in the resolution of his

problems
       A.    Meeting           
       B.    Working
       C.    Recreation   
       D.    Counselling                                           Answer: D

6. Takes charge of financial matters especially in

programming, budgeting, accounting, and other activities
related to financial services.  It consolidates and prepares
financial reports and related statements of subsistence
outlays and disbursements in the operational of the jail.
       A.    Budget and finance branch   
       B.    General services branch
       C.    Property and supply branch
       D.    Mess services branch                  Answer: A

7. Operation conducted by the BJMP wherein a prisoner

maybe checked at any time.  His beddings, lockers and
personal belongings may also be opened at anytime, in his
presence,whenever possible.  This practice is known as:
       A.    Check and balance   
       B.    S.O.P.
       C.    Inventory
       D.    Operation Greyhound                          Answer: D

8. Pardon cannot be extended to one of the following

instances.
       A.    Murder
       B.    Brigandage
       C.    Rape
       D.    Impeachment                                       Answer: D

9. It refers to commission of another crime during service of

     sentence of penalty imposed for another previous offense.
       A.    Recidivism   
       B.    Delinquency
       C.    Quasi-recidivism
       D.    City prisoner                                        Answer: C

10. A person who is detained for the violation of law or

ordinance and has not been convicted is a -
       A.    Detention Prisoner
       B.    Provincial Prisoner
       C.    Municipal Prisoner           
       D.    City Prisoner                                        Answer: A

11. The following are forms of executive clemency, EXCEPT

       A.    Commutation       
       B.    Reform model
       C.    Amnesty
       D.    Pardon                                                  Answer: B

12. It is that branch of the administration of Criminal Justice

     System charged with the responsibility for the custody,
     supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
       A.    conviction   
       B.    corrections
       C.    penalty   
       D.    punishment                                          Answer: B

13. Which of the following instances Pardon cannot be

exercised?
       A.    before conviction
       B.    before trial
       C.    after conviction
       D.    during service of sentence                  Answer: B

14. This is a procedure which permits a jail prisoner to pursue

     his normal job during the week and return to the jail to
serve his sentence during the weekend or non-working hours.
       A.    Amnesty
       B.    good conduct time allowance
       C.    probation
       D.    delayed sentence                                 Answer: D

15. The following are the justifications of punishment,

EXCEPT
       A.    Retribution           
       B.    Deterrence
       C.    Redress
       D.    Expiration or atonement                      Answer: C

16. Pardon is exercised when the person is __.

       A.    already convicted
       B.    not yet convicted
       C.    about to be convicted
       D.    serve the sentence                              Answer: A

17. The idea that punishment will be give the offender lesson
by showing to others what would happen to them if they
have   
     committed   the heinous crime.
       A. Protection
       B. Deterrence
       C. Lethal injection   
       D.Stoning                                                     Answer: B

18. For a convicted offender, probation is a form of __.

       A.  Punishment
       B.  Treatment
       C.  Enjoyment
       D.  Incarceration                                         Answer: B

19. For amnesty to be granted, there should be __.

       A.    Recommendation from U.N.
       B.    Recommendation from C.H.R.
       C.    Application from C.H.R
       D.    Concurrence of the congress              Answer: D

20. The head of the Bureau of Corrections is the

       A.    Director
       B.    Secretary of the DND
       C.    Chief of Executive
       D.    Prison Inspector                                   Answer: A

21. Which program plays a unique role in the moral and

spiritual
      regeneration of the prisoner?
       A.    None of these
       B.Work programs
       C.Education programs
       D.Religious programs                                   Answer: D

22. It is a penalty wherein a convicted person shall not be

permitted to enter the place designated in the sentence or
within the radius therein specified, which shall not be more
than 250 and not less
    than 25 kilometers from the place designated.
       A.    Fine
       B.    None of these
       C.    P22.00/day
       D.    P19.00/day                                          Answer: B

23. Giving punishment to a person so to serve as an example

to others is the theory of
       A.    Self-defense
       B.    Social defense
       C.    Exemplary
       D.    Equality                                                Answer: C

24. The purpose of the decree on probation shall be to

       A.    provide an opportunity for the reformation of a
              penitent offender
       B.    prevent the commission of offenses
       C.    promote the correction and rehabilitation of an
offender by providing him with individualized treatment
       D.    All of these                                           Answer: D

25. In the Philippines, the most common problem of the

      National Prison is
       A.    Excessive number of escapes
       B.    Overcrowding
       C.    Disagreement about their mess
       D.    Lack of adequate funding                    Answer: D

26. A justification of penalty which states that nobody can

assume the suffering for a crime committed by others.
       A.    Justice
       B.    Personal
       C.    Legal   
       D.    Certain                                                 Answer: B

27. These are the factors considered in diversification,

EXCEPT;
       A.    Age of offenders       
       B.    Mother of offender
       C.    Sex of offenders   
       D.    Medical condition                                  Answer: B

28. This branch takes charge of the preparation of the daily

menu,makes foodstuff purchases, prepares and cooks the
food and serves it to the inmates.  It maintains a record of
daily purchases and consumption and submits a daily report
to the warden.
       A.    General Services Branch
       B.    Mittimus Computing Branch
       C.    Budget and Finance
       D.    Mess services Branch                          Answer: D

29. Under Article VII, Section 10 paragraph (B) of the

Philippines Constitution, pardoning power is vested with the
       A.    Department of Justice
       B.    Judiciary
       C.    Chief Executive   
       D.    Legislative                                            Answer: C

30. The temporary stay of execution of sentence is called

       A.    Reprieve
       B.    Pardon
       C.    Communication
       D.    Amnesty                                               Answer: A  

31. Parole is a matter of ___.

       A.    Privilege
       B.    Right
       C.    Grace
       D.    Requirement                                         Answer: A

32. This group consists of chronic troublemakers but not as   

       dangerous as the super security prisoners.  They are not 

       allowed to work outside the institution.

       A.    maximum security prisoners
       B.    super security prisoners
       C.    minimum security prisoners
       D.    medium security prisoners                   Answer: A

33. Among the following, which has the authority to grant

parole?
       A.    President
       B.    Board of Pardons and Parole
       C.    Director of Prison
       D.    Court                                                   Answer: B
34. A recipient of absolute pardon is ________ from civil
      liability imposed upon him by the sentence.
       A.    partially exempted
       B.    exempted
       C.    conditionally exempted
       D.    not exempted                                      Answer: D

35. It is an act of clemency which changes a heavier sentence

to
      a less serious one or a longer term to a shorter term.
       A.    Amnesty   
       B.    Commutation
       C.    Reprieve
       D.    none of these                                       Answer: B

36. ___ is an act of grace and the recipient is not entitled to

      it as a matter of right.
       A.    Pardon
       B.    Parole
       C.    Probation
       D.    none of these                                       Answer: B

37. In probation system’s philosophy and concept, it is stated

      that the individual has the ability to ____ and to modify
      his anti-social behavior with the right kind of help.
       A.    challenge
       B.    none of these
       C.    change
       D.    aggravate his behavior                       Answer: C

38. The Bureau of Corrections is under the _____.

       A.    Department of Social Welfare and Development
       B.    Department of Justice
       C.    Department of the Interior and Local Government
       D.    Department of Health                          Answer: B

39. A person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of over

three
   (3) years is a _________________.
       A.    Municipal prisoner
       B.    Detention prisoner
       C.    National or Insular prisoner
       D.    City prisoner                                         Answer: D

40. The Head of Bureau of Corrections is also the

       A.    Chief of the Bureau of Corrections
       B.    Director of the Bureau of Corrections
       C.    Superintendent of the Bureau of Corrections
       D.    Warden                                                Answer: B

41. What is the type of Jails under the Supervision of the

BJMP?
       A.    Provincial and sub-Provincial Jails
       B.    City and Municipal Jails
       C.    Lock up Jails
       D.    Insular Jails                                          Answer: B

42. Provincial Jails were first established in 1910 under the

     American Regime.  At present, who supervises and
controls the
     said jails?
       A.    BJMP
       B.    Provincial Government
       C.    DOJ
       D.    Municipal or City Mayor                        Answer: B

43. What is the primary purpose of imprisonment?

       A.    Rehabilitation and Reformation
       B.    To stand trial
       C.    Punishment
       D.    Socialization                                          Answer: A

44. Which is a place of confinement for persons awaiting trial

or court action and where the convicted offenders serve short
sentences or penalty of imprisonment?
       A.    Jail
       B.    Lock-up
       C.    Penitentiary
       D.    Detention Cells                                     Answer: A

45. Which is a warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and
signature of the judge directing the jail or prison authorities to
receive the convicted offender for service of sentence or
detention?
       A.    Mittimus
       B.    Detention Mittimus
       C.    Sentence Mittimus
       D.    Detention Warrant                               Answer: C

46. The maintenance or care and protection accorded to

people who by authority of law are temporarily incarcerated
for violation of laws and also those who were sentenced by
the court to serve judgment is called –
       A. custody
       B.    safe-keeping
       C.    classification
       D.    caring                                                    Answer: A

47. Which of these refers to the assigning or grouping of

offenders according to their sentence, gender, age,
nationality, health,criminal record, etc.?
       A.    None of these
       B.    Custody
       C.    Security
       D.    Safe-keeping                                        Answer: A
 
48. The institution for dangerous but not incorrigible prisoners
    in the Philippines is the
       A.    NBP   
       B.    Medium Security Institution
       C.    Maximum Security Institution
       D.    Minimum Security Institution                Answer: B

49. The act of grace from a sovereign power inherent in the

    state which exempts an individual from the punishment
which the law imposes or prescribes for his crime, extended
by the President thru the recommendation of the Board of
Parole and Pardon is called
       A.    Amnesty
       B.    Parole
       C.    Pardon
       D.    Probation                                              Answer: C

50. Under the prison service manual, the prescribed color of

prison uniform for maximum security prison is -
       A.    Orange   
       B.    Brown
       C.    Stripe Orange
       D.    Blue                                                      Answer: A

51. When an inmate is given a “shakedown” before

admission, it means:
       A.    He has taken the process of identification, record,
               fingerprint and photograph
       B.    He has been examined for contraband
       C.    His commitment paper are delivered to record clerk
       D.    All of these                                           Answer: B

52. An inmate maybe granted parole if he

       A.    earned good conduct time allowance credit
       B.    serve minimum sentence
       C.    earned good behavior while serving prison term
       D.    all of these                                           Answer: D

53. Aside from protecting the public, imprisonment has for its
      latest objective, the
       A.    reformation of offenders
       B.    deterrence
       C.    segregation of offender
       D.    confinement of Offender                     Answer: A

54. In the New Bilibid Prison, all medium security prisoners

are confined at the
       A.    NBP Main Prison
       B.    Camp Bukang Liwayway
       C.    Camp Sampaguita
       D.    Medium Security Prison                        Answer: C

55. Under the prison rules, who is charged for the hearing of
      disciplinary cases in prison?
       A.    Classification Board   
       B.    Parole Board
       C.    Administrative Board
       D.    Disciplinary Board                                 Answer: D

56. The form of conditional release that is granted after a

      prisoner has served a portion of his sentence in a
correctional
       A.    Conditional pardon
       B.    Probation
       C.    Parole
       D.    Commutation                                        Answer: C

57. In jails or prisons, which of the following is a function of

      the Custodial Division?
       A.    Supervision of prisoners       
       B.    Escort of inmates or prisoners
       C.    Keeping of records
       D.    None of the above                               Answer: B

58. The putting of offenders in prison for the purpose of

protecting the public and at the same time rehabilitating them
by requiring the latter to undergo institutional treatment
program is referred to as:
      A.    Imprisonment
      B.    Trial
      C.    Conviction
      D.    Detention                                              Answer: A

59. The Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm, a National

Penitentiary in the Philippines under the BUCOR is located in
____.
      A.    Palawan
      B.    Zamboanga
      C.    Davao
      D.    Occidental Mindoro                               Answer: D

60. In Babylon, about 1990 BC, this is credited as the oldest

      code prescribing savage punishment but in fact ___ is
nearly.100 years older
       A.    Hammurabic Code
       B.    Sumerian Code
       C.    Justinian Code
       D.    Code of Draco                                      Answer: B
61. The penalty imposed for offenders must be certain.  This
means that:
       A.    The guilty one must be the one to be punished, no
proxy.
       B.    No one must escape its effect
       C.    It must be equal for all persons
       D.    The consequence must be in accordance
               with law.                                              Answer: B

62. The following are the duties of the custodial force in

prison, 
      except:
       A.    Censor offender’s items
       B.    Escort inmates
       C.    Inspect security devices
       D.    Conduct disciplinary hearing                Answer: D

63. As a rule, when a jailbreak, escape or riot is in progress or

has just been perpetuated in the jail, the officer at the control
    centers shall immediately:
       A.    sound the alarm
       B.    locked prisoners in their respective cells
       C.    Notify the nearest police precinct
       D.    call the warden or the director             Answer: A

64. In case of mass jailbreak, all members of the custodial

force shall immediately issued firearms and assigned to
critical posts to:
       A.    plug off the escape routes
       B.    to shoot the escapees
       C.    protect the other inmates
       D.    to give warning shots                           Answer: A

65. Which of these is known as the Adult Probation Law,

which grants probation to prisoner sentenced to term in prison
of not more than six (6) years?
       A.    PD 603
       B.    RA 698
       C. PD 968   
       D.    PD 869                                                  Answer: C

66. The continuing relationship between probation officer and 

      probationer is known as –

       A.    Affiliation Guidance
       B.    Pre-sentenced Investigation
       C.    Supervision
       D.    Probation Guidance                              Answer: C

67. Those who have been once on probation under the

Probation Law:
       A.    are qualified to apply for probation
       B.    are disqualified to apply for probation
       C.    may be granted for another probation
       D.    should be confined in prison                 Answer: B

68.    This pillar/component of our criminal justice system has

been regarded the weakest pillar due to its failure to eliminate
     recidivism and habitual offenders.
       A.    law enforcement
       B.    prosecution       
       C.    court
       D.    correction                                             Answer: D

69. The traditional goal of penology is

       A.   Retribution
       B.   Deterrence
       C.   Incapacitation
       D.   Rehabilitation                                        Answer: B

70. The attempt to prevent future crimes through fear of  

      punishment.
       A.   Retribution
       B.   Deterrence
       C.   Incapacitation   
       D.   Rehabilitation                                        Answer: B

71. The task of changing an offender’s attitude so that he or

she may not commit another crime in the future.
       A.   Retribution
       B.   Deterrence
       C.   Incapacitation
       D.   Rehabilitation                                        Answer: D

72. The idea that re-entry of an offender should be in the

      mainstream of society rather than the usual abrupt re-
entry
      at the end of a prison sentence.
       A.   Reintegration
       B.   Deterrence
       C.   Incapacitation
       D.   Rehabilitation                                        Answer: A

73. They were known as Bridewells, which started in 1553

and served as training schools for delinquent youths, provided
housing and support for older and poorer persons,
      and detained vagrants.
        A.   House of Corrections
        B.   Workhouses
        C.   Common jails
        D.   Penal colonies                                      Answer: B

74. It direct, supervise and control the administration and

operation of all district,  city  and municipal jails to implement
a better system of jail management nationwide
       A.   Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
       B.   Department of Justice
       C.   Bureau of    Corrections
       D.   Parole and Probation Administration     Answer: A

75. It exercise supervision and control over provincial jails.

       A.   BJMP   
       B.   Bureau of  Corrections        
       C.   Provincial Government
       D. Parole and Probation Administration       Answer: C

76. An agency under the Department of Justice that is

charged with custody and rehabilitation of national offenders,
that is, those sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of
more than three(3) years
       A.   BJMP   
       B.   Bureau of  Corrections
       C.   Provincial Government 
       D.   Parole and Probation Administration     Answer: B

77. The New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for

Women (CIW), Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, and Sablayan
Prison and  Penal Farm are all under this agency.    
       A.   BJMP   
       B.   Bureau of  Corrections
       C.   Provincial Government 
       D.   Department of Justice                           Answer: B

78. An attached agency of the Department of Justice which

provides a less costly alternative to imprisonment of offenders
who are likely to respond to individualized community based
treatment programs.
       A.   BJMP   
       B.   Bureau of  Corrections
       C.   Provincial Government 
       D.   Parole and Probation Administration     Answer: D

79. Prisoners whose sentences are more than three years to

capital punishment are considered
       A.   municipal prisoners
       B.   provincial prisoners
       C.   city prisoners
       D.   insular prisoners                                   Answer: D
80. Prisoners whose sentences are from one day to six
months are
       A.   municipal prisoners
       B.   provincial prisoners
       C.   city prisoners
       D.   insular prisoners                                    Answer: A

81. A prison model which sought penitence (hence the term  

      penitentiaries) through total individual isolation and
silence.
       A.   Pennsylvania Prison Model
       B.   Auburn Prison Model
       C.   Work Release
       D.   Halfway Houses                                    Answer: A

82. A prison model where incarcerated persons are allowed to

work outside the institution that houses them.
       A.   Pennsylvania Prison Model
       B.   Auburn Prison Model
       C.   Work Release
       D.   Halfway Houses                                    Answer: B

83. An alternative to incarceration granted after a convicted

person served a part of his sentence and is allowed to
complete a sentence at large, subject to restrictions and
supervision.
       A.   Probation
       B.   Work release
       C.   Parole
       D.   Halfway houses                                    Answer: C

84.  An alternative to incarceration that allow convicted

persons to remain at large and under varying degrees of
restriction and supervision and certain conditions imposed by
the granting court.                             
       A.   Probation
       B.   Work release
       C.   Parole
       D.   Halfway houses                                    Answer: A

85. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain

    persons awaiting trial or adjudication or confine convicted
    offenders   for a short period of time.    
       A.   Halfway houses
       B.   Penal colonies
       C.   Jails
       D.   All of these                                            Answer: C

86. A correctional institution that has the authority to detain

    convicted offenders for longer or extended period of time,
    including those who are waiting their death sentence.   
       A.   Halfway house
       B.   Farm house
       C.   Jail 
       D.   Prison                                                     Answer: D

87. The law creating the Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology.
       A.   RA 8551
       B.   RA 9165
       C.   RA 6975
       D.   RA 4890                                                Answer: C

88. Who among the following is a provincial prisoner?

       A.   A prisoner serving a term below six (6) years
       B.   A prisoner serving a term of six (6) years and up
       C.   A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one
             (1) day to three (3) years
       D.   A prisoner serving a term of three (3)years and one
             (1) day up                                              Answer: C

89. This theory in criminology states that people are totally

    responsible for their behaviors and the stress is more on
the effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal.
       A.   Positivist Theory       
       B.   Psychological Theory
       C.   Biological Theory
       D.   Classical Theory                                    Answer: D

90. Which of the following is an executive clemency that

requires the concurrence of congress?
       A.   Probation   
       B.   Pardon
       C.   Amnesty
       D.   Parole                                                    Answer: C

91. The Parole and Probation Administration administers the

_____ Correctional Program.
       A.   Institutional
       B.   Integrated
       C.   Community – based
       D.   Traditional                                              Answer: C

92. A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in

prison is referred to as
       A.   a corporal punishment
       B.   a determinate sentence
       C.   an indeterminate sentence
       D. a capital punishment                               Answer: C

93. Pedro was required to provide financial remuneration for

the losses incurred by the victim. What is the type of penalty  
     described?
       A.   Bond
       B.   Retribution
       C.   Restitution
       D.   Remuneration                                        Answer: C

94. What kind of program employs prisoners in various

product or good producing tasks?
       A.   Agricultural       
       B.   Operational
       C.   Industrial
       D.   Administrative                                       Answer: C

95. What crimes apparently have no complaining victims such

as gambling, prostitution and drunkenness?
       A.   Complex Crime
       B.   Compound Crime
       C.   Blue Collar crimes
       D.   Victimless crimes                                    Answer: D

96. Which agency performs the evaluation of prisoner’s

fitness and qualifications for the grant of pardon or parole?
       A.   Punishment, confinement retribution, treatment
       B.   Retribution, Deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
       C.   Deterrence, retribution, punishment treatment
       D.   None of the above                               Answer: D

97. Which of the following should a probationer avoid?

       A.   Make periodic report
       B.   Go and play in the gambling den
       C.   Work regularly to support family
       D.   Stay away from bad associates.          Answer: B

98. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of

criminals convicted and meted out the penalty of
       A.   12 years 6 months and one day   
       B.   Death
       C.   Life imprisonment
       D.   6 years one month and one day           Answer: B

99. The ________ theory in crime causation focuses on the

criminal disorders, chromosomes irregularity and abnormal
brain activity.
       A.   None of these
       B.   Age Reform       
       C.   Age of Discernment
       D.   Age of Reason                                      Answer: A

100. What correctional institution houses accused persons

awaiting trial?
       A.   Rehabilitation center   
       B.   Jail
       C.   Halfway house
       D.   Prison                                                    Answer: B

101. Articles 1706 - 1727 of the revised Administrative Code

as amended is known as
       A.    Correction Law
       B.    Jail Management Law
       C.    Prison Law
       D.    Parole and Probation Law                    Answer: C

102. The mechanical device or contrivance, tools or

implement used to hold back, keep in check or under control
is the
       A.    Instrument of Restraint
       B.    Iron leg Lock
       C.    Handcuffs
       D.    Metallic chains                                      Answer: A

103. Who is tasked with the gathering and collecting of

information and other data of every prisoner into a case study
to determine the work assignment, the type supervision and
degree of custody and restriction under which an offender
must live in jail?
       A.    Classification Board
       B .   Board of Custody
       C.    Diagnostic Board
       D.    Treatment Board                                  Answer: A

104. The imprisonment a convicted offender may serve, at the

rate of PhP8.00 a day subject to certain rules, for failure to
pay a fine and if ordered to do so by the judgment is referred
to as 
       A.    Subsidiary imprisonment
       B.    Secondary imprisonment
       C.    Preventive imprisonment
       D.    None of the above                               Answer: A

105. The meaning of the word oblivion is

       A.    forgetting completely
       B.    class of persons
       C.    abolish
       D.    community based treatment                Answer: A

106. The process of determining the needs  and requirements

of prisoners for assigning them to programs  according to their
existing resources is called:
       A.    classification
       B.    quarantine
       C.    diversification
       D.    quality control                                      Answer: C

107. Public humiliation or public exhibition also mean:

       A.    public execution
       B.    social degradation
       C.    banishment
       D.    public trial                                             Answer: B

108. During the 16th up to the 18th century, a criminal may be

sent away from a place carried out by prohibition to coming
against a specified territory. This is an ancient form of
punishment called:
       A.    Exile
       B.    Transportation
       C.    Banishment
       D.    Public trial                                             Answer: C

109. One of the following represents the earliest codification

of the Roman law, which was incorporated into the Justinian
Code.
       A.    Twelve Tables
       B.    Burgundian Code
       C.    Code of Draco
       D.    Hammurabic code                                 Answer: A

110. In the history of correction, thinkers during the

reformatory movement were the major influences of today’s
correctional system. Alexander Macanochie was the one who
introduced the __ of correction
       A.    Solitary system
       B.    Irish System
       C.    Marked System
       D.    Congregate system                             Answer: C

111. What law renamed the Bureau of Prison to Bureau of

Correction during the Aquino administration in the
Philippines?
       A.    E.O 727
       B.    E.O 292
       C.    E.O 645
       D.    E.O 104                                               Answer: B

112. Retaliation is the earliest remedy for a wrong act to any

one (in the primitive society). The concept follows that the
victim’s family or tribe against the family or tribe of the
offender, hence “blood feuds” was accepted in the early
primitive societies. Retaliation means:
       A.    Personal Vengeance
       B.    Tooth for a tooth
       C.    Eye for an Eye
       D.    All of these                                          Answer: A

113. In 1936, the City of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa

property with the Bureau of Prisons originally intended as a
site for boys’ training school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is
now being used as the Manila City Jail, famous as the :
       A.    “ May Halique Estate”
       B.    “Tandang Sora State”
       C.    New Bilibid Jail
       D.    Muntinlupa Jail                                     Answer: A

114. The sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life

and fortune to prison reform. After his findings on English
Prisons, he recommended the following: single cells for
sleeping, segregation of women, segregation of youth,
provision of sanitation facilities, and abolition of fee system by
which jailers obtained money from prisoners.
       A.    John Howard
       B.    Robert Peel
       C.    William Penn
       D.    Manuel Montesimos                              Answer: A

115. Mr. Cruz was convicted of the crime of murder. After 10

days from the promulgation of the sentence, he escaped from
his place of confinement. He maybe
       A.    liable for evasion of service of sentence
       B.    considered as an escaped prisoner
       C.    not liable for evasion of service of sentence   
       D.    All of these                                           Answer: A

116. Ms. Bantog was convicted for the crime of infanticide.

After serving her sentence she committed again the same
crime. Ms Ines Bantog maybe considered as a
       A.    recidivist    
       B.    quasi-recidivist
       C.    habitual delinguent       
       D.    mentally retarded person                    Answer: A

117. Ramon, a basketball player, arrested Berto for some

legal ground but he failed to file a complaint against the latter
with in the prescribed period of filing. What crime did Ramon
committed?
       A.    arbitrary detention
       B.    illegal Detention
       C.    illegal arrest
       D.    no crime committed                              Answer: B
118. The Camp Sampaguita of the national Bilibid Prison
houses
       A.    Super Maximum Security Prisoners     
       B.    Maximum Security Prisoners
       C.    Medium Security Prisoners
       D.    Minimum Security Prisoners                  Answer: C

119. The only early Roman place of confinement which was

built under the main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C.
       A.    Bridewell Workhouse
       B.    Wulnut Street Jail
       C.    Burgundian House
       D.    none of these                                       Answer: D

120. The punishment should be provided by the state whose

sanction is violated, to afford the society or individual the
opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable
punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be
punished because they deserve it. This is one justification of
punishment called:
       A.    Atonement
       B.    Incapacitation
       C.    Deterrence
       D.    Retribution                                           Answer: D

121. The purpose of commutation of sentence is to:

       A. do away with the miscarriage of justice             
       B. break the rigidity of the law
       C. restore the political and civil rights of the accused    
       D. all of the above                                       Answer: D

122. One of the following is an admission procedure which

involves the frisking of the prisoner.
       A.    Identification
       B.    Searching
       C.    Briefing/Orientation
       D.    minimum security prisoners                  Answer: B

123. If the warden is taken as the hostage, for all intents and
        purposes, he ceases to exercise authority and the next in
command or the __________ officer present shall assume the
command.
        A.    Veteran
        B.    Assistant
        C.    Most senior
        D.    Custodian                                            Answer: C

124. Upon receipt of the probation officer investigation report,

the court shall resolve the application for probation not later
than-
        A.    60 days
        B.    5 days
        C.    15 days
        D.    45 days                                               Answer: B

125. Who is the Father of Philippine Probation?

        A.    Jose Lacson
        B.    Juan Ponce Enrile
        C.    Antonio Torres
        D.    None of these                                     Answer: D

126. What is the country, whose early schemes for

humanizing the criminal justice under it’s common law,
originated probation.
        A.    England  
        B.    United States      
        C.    Greece
        D.    France                                                Answer: A

127. Which of the following does not belong to the common

law practices to which the emergence of probation is
attributed?
       A.    Recognizance                
       B.    Reprieve  
       C.    Benefit of the Clergy       
       D.    Penance                                               Answer: D

128. Benefit of clergy, judicial reprieve, sanctuary, and

abjuration offered offenders a degree of protection from the
enactment of
       A.    harsh sentences
       B.    soft sentences
       C.    criminal liabilities
       D.    code of Hammurabi                               Answer: A

129. In the United States, particularly in Massachusetts,

different practices were being developed. "Security for good
behavior," also known as good aberrance, was much like
modern bail.
       A.    Penalizing
       B.    Good aberrance
       C.    Paying in cash
       D.    Collateral                                             Answer: B

130. Who among the following was the builder hospice of San
Michelle, a reformatory for delinquent boys
       A.    Montesquieu
       B.    Pope Clement XI
       C.    Samuel Romily
       D.    John Howard                                        Answer: B

131. The advocate of ultimate prison known as “the

Panopticon” was
       A.    Jeremy Bentham
       B.    Samuel Romily
       C.    Walter Crofton
       D.    John Howard                                        Answer: A

132. The founder of the Classical School of Criminology and

published a short treaties “ On Crimes and Punishments”
which contains his
        reformatory ideas was
       A.    Jeremy Bentham
       B.    Cesare Lombroso
       C.    Cesare Beccaria
       D.    Enrico Ferri                                           Answer: C

133. Diversification means

       A.    Proper integration of prisoners
       B.    Proper classification of prisoners
       C.    Proper segregation of prisoners
       D.    Welfare of prisoners                             Answer: C

134. Filipino female  national prisoners  are confined at the

       A.    Mental hospital
       B.    CIW
       C.    Manila City Jail
       D.    Iwahig Penal Colony                             Answer: B

135. An offender who surrenders  from escaping because  of

calamity immediately  48 hours  after the pronouncement of 
the passing 
        away  of calamity  shall be granted
       A.    1/5 reduction of sentence
       B.    ½ reduction of sentence
       C.    2/5 reduction of sentence
       D.    2/6 reduction of sentence                   Answer: B

136. What is the name of the prison institution situated in

Zamboanga, named after Capt. Blanco of the Spanish Royal
Army?
       A.    Old Bilibid Prison
       B.    Sablayan Prsions and Penal Farm
       C.    San Ramon Prison & Penal Farm
       D.    Iwahig Penal                                         Answer: C

137. A branch or division of law which defines crimes, treat of

their nature and provides for their punishment
       A. Remedial law
       B. Criminal law
       C. Civil law
       D.Political law                                               Answer: B

138. One who investigates  for the  court a referral  for

probation or supervises a probationer or both
       A. police officer
       B. probationer officer
       C. intelligence officer
       D. law enforcer                                           Answer: B

139. Post sentence investigation report must  be submitted by

the probation officer to the court within
       A. 20 days
       B. 30 days
       C. 60 days
       D. 90 days                                                   Answer: C

140. Parole in the Philippine is governed by the

        A. determinate sentence law
        B. Indeterminate sentence law
        C. Board of pardon and parole
        D. Parole and probation administration      Answer: B

141. A detention jail in Philadelphia but it was converted into

state prison and became the first American penitentiary.
       A. Auburn Prison
       B. Walnut Street Jail
       C. Pennsylvania Prison
       D. Bride Well                                                Answer: B

142. The system of prison  were  the confinement of the

prisoners  in single cells at night  and congregate work  in
stop during the day
       A. Pennsylvania prison
       B. Auburn prison
       C. Elmira reformatory
       D. Alcatraz prison                                        Answer: B

143. Under the rules, the chairman of the classification  board

and disciplinary  board for jails should be
       A. Warden
       B. Assistant warden
       C.Custodial officer
       D. Security officer                                       Answer: B

144. A special group of prisoners composed of incorrigible,

intractable and dangerous persons who are so difficult to
manage inside
        prisons.
       A.Medium Security prisoners
       B. Maximum security prisoners
       C. Super maximum security prisoners
       D. Minimum Security Prisoners                    Answer: B

145. One of the following is considered as the corner stone  in

reformation n which  includes all the life experiences  which
shape a
       persons attitudes and behaviors
       A.    Recreational program
       B.    Religious program
       C.    Educational program
       D.    Work program                                      Answer: C

146. It involves supervision of prisoners to insure punctual

and orderly movement  from the dormitories, place of work,
hospital and churches  in accordance with the daily schedules
       A.    Control
       B.    Custody
       C.    Discipline
       D.    Inspection                                            Answer: A

147. It is a special unit in prison  where by newly arrived

prisoners  will be admitted for diagnostic examination,
observation
       A.    Reception  and Diagnostic Center
       B.    Medium Security Compound
       C.    Maximum Security Compound
       D.    Minimum Security Compound               Answer: A

148. Under the jail rules, the following are authorized

disciplinary measures imposable  to inmate offender except
       A.    Reprimand
       B.    Cancellation of visiting privilege
       C.    Cancellation of food allowance
       D.    Extra fatigue duty                                Answer: D

149. The principle of an “eye for an eye” “tooth for a tooth”

doctrine is common among ancient laws, specifically the
       A.    Code of Draco
       B.    Hammurabic Code
       C.    Summerian Code
       D.    Code of Solomon                                  Answer: B

150. “Lex Tallionis” means

       A.    Punishment
       B.    Law of retaliation
       C.    Retribution
       D.    Suffering                                              Answer: B

151. These were abandoned or unusable transport ships use

to confine criminals during the early period of treating criminal
offenders.
       A.    Hulks
       B.    Gaols
       C.    Transportation
       D.    Galleys                                                 Answer: A

152. He wrote his book “State of the Prisons” and he was also
considered as the great prison reformer.
       A.    John Howard
       B.    John Augustus
       C.    William Penn
       D.    Domets of France                                Answer: A

153. The first house of correction in London England was the

       A.    Bridewell Workhouse
       B.    Walnut Street Jail
       C.    Mamertine Prison
       D.    Panopticon                                           Answer: A

154. ___ - known as the “Rock” build in San Francisco Bay

       A.    Walnut prison
       B.    Alcatraz prison
       C.    New York prison
       D.    Red Rock penitentiary                         Answer: B

155. Anything that is contrary to prison  or jail rules and

regulations are considered
       A.    Firearms
       B.    Contrabands
       C.    Greyhounds
       D.    Personal belongings                              Answer: B

156. It is the suffering that is inflicted by the state for the

transgression of a law for the purpose of controlling criminals.
        A.    Prevention
        B.    Revenge
        C.    Penalty
        D.    All of the above                                   Answer: C

157. Parole and Probation  Administration is under  the

direction of the
       A.    Department of Finance
       B.    Department of Justice
       C.    Department of Interior and Local Government
       D.    BJMP                                                    Answer: B

158. What is nature in hearing the violation of a probation?

       A.    Formal
       B.    Summary
       C.    Due process
       D.    None of the above                               Answer: B

159. Which is considered the forerunner of parole?

       A.    Mark system
       B.    Solitary system
       C.    Benefits of a clergy
       D.    Congregate system                             Answer: A

160. The following are considered as  discretionary conditions

of probation except
       A.    Drinking intoxicated liquor to excess
       B.    Abstain from visiting house of ill repute
       C.    Meet his family responsibilities
       D.    Cooperate with the program of probation    Answer:
C

161. The first convict in the Philippines, sentenced to death by

means of Lethal injection was
       A.    Baby Ama
       B.    Asiong Salonga
       C.    Leo Echagaray
       D.    Gregorio S. Mendoza                           Answer: C

162. In the 13th C, a criminal could avoid ________ by

claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40 days at the end
of which time he has compelled to leave the realm by a road
or path assigned to him.
       A.    Penalty
       B.    punishment
       C.    trial
       D.    conviction                                             Answer: D

163. Long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by

sails, usually rowed by criminals, a type of ship used for
transportation of criminals in the 16th century. This referred to
as the:
       A.    Gaols
       B.    Galleys
       C.    Hulks
       D.    Stocks                                                   Answer: B

164. The Classical School of penology maintains the “doctrine

of psychological hedonism” or __________. That the
individual calculates pleasures and pains in advance of action
and regulates his conduct by the result of his calculations.
       A. denied individual responsibility    
       B. free will
       C. pleasures and avoiding pain
       D. natural phenomenon                               Answer: C
165. History has shown that there are three main legal
systems in the world, which have been extended to and
adopted by all countries aside from those that produced them.
Among the three, it was the _____ that has the most lasting
and most pervading influence.
       A. Mohammedan Law    
       B. Anglo-American Law
       C. Roman Law
       D. Hammurabic Code                                   Answer: C

166. Hanging is for death penalty, maiming is for

       A. Social degradation    
       B. Exile
       C. Physical torture
       D. Slavery                                                   Answer: C

167. Who is the Director of the English Prison who opened

the Borstal Institution for young offenders? The Borstal
Institution is considered as the best reform institution for
young offenders today.
       A. Evelyn Brise    
       B. Manuel Montesimos
       C. Zebulon Brockway
       D. Walter Crofton                                       Answer: C

168. The __________ is considered forerunner of modern

penology because it has all the elements in a modern system.
       A.    Bridewell Workhouse
       B.    Elmira Reformatory
       C.    Wulnut Street Jail
       D.    Borstal Institution for Boys                   Answer: B

169. Capital punishment refers to:

       A.    Life imprisonment
       B.    Death Penalty
       C.    Reclusion Perpetua
       D.    All of these                                           Answer:  B

170. One of the following is not an administrative function

exercised by the executive branch of the government.
       A.    Probation
       B.    Pardon
       C.    Parole
       D.    Amnesty                                               Answer: A

171. Pardon granted by the Chief Executive

       A.    extinguishes criminal liability of offender
       B.    does not extinguish civil liability of offender
       C.    must be given After the prosecution of the offense
       D.    all of the above                                    Answer: D
172. The enactment of Republic Act no. 6975 created the
BJMP. It operates as a line bureau under the Department of
Interior and Local Government (DILG). This statement is:
       A.    partially true
       B.    partially false    
       C.    true
       D.    false                                                      Answer: C

173. The Jail Bureau shall be headed by a chief with a rank of

Director General, and assisted by Deputy Chief with the Rank
of Chief Superintendent. This statement is:
       A.    partially true
       B.    partially false
       C.    true
       D.    false                                                     Answer: D

174. The group having the responsibility of providing a system

of sound custody, security and control of inmates and their
movements and also responsible to enforce prison or jail
discipline is the:
       A.    Security group for jails
       B.    Escort Platoon
       C.    Control Center groups
       D.    Warden                                                Answer:  A

175. A unit of the prison or a section of the RDC where the

prisoner is given thorough physical examination including
blood test, x-rays,vaccinations and immunity is the:
       A.    Quarantine cell
       B.    NBP
       C.    Death row
       D.    Control Area                                         Answer: A

176. Imprisonment is not always advisable. Placing a person

to custodial coercion is to place him in physical jeopardy, thus
drastically narrowing his access to source of personal
satisfaction and reducing his self-esteem. This principle is
based on the ____ of community based treatment programs.
       A.    Restorative aspect
       B.    Humanitarian aspect
       C.    Managerial aspect
       D.    Legal aspect                                         Answer: A

177. The case where the Supreme Court laid down the
doctrine tha the absolute pardon removes all that is left of the
consequencesof conviction, and that it is absolute in so far it
restores the pardonee to full civil and political rights.
       A.    Cristobal vs. Labrador
       B.    Fernandez vs. Aquino
       C.    People vs. Galit
       D.    None of these                                       Answer: A
178. The power of the chief Executive to grant pardon is
limited to the following, except:
       A.    Pardon can not be extended to cases of
impeachment.
       B.    No pardon, parole or suspension of sentence for the
violation  of any election law may be granted without favorable
recommendation of the Commission of Elections.
       C.    Pardon is exercised only after conviction
       D.    Pardon is administered by the court         Answer: D

179. In determining the fitness of a prisoner for release on

conditional pardon, the following points shall be considered as
guides, except:
       A.    The political, organizational or religious affiliation of
the
               prisoner should be disregarded.
       B.    Due regard should be given the attitude of the
people in the community from which he was sentenced.
       C.    The background of the prisoner before he was
committed to prison – social, economic.
       D.    Financial capacity of the prisoner.        Answer: D

180. Prisoners who are nearly to leave the institution, awaiting

transfer, those in disciplinary status, and those who are
chronically ill with mental disabilities are considered:
       A.    unassignable prisoners to undergo prison programs
       B.    all of these
       C.    special group of offenders
       D.    minimum security prisoners                   Answer: D

181. Parole is not claimed as a right but the Board of Parole

grants it as a privilege to a qualified prisoner. This statement
is:
       A.    partially true
       B.    partially false
       C.    true
       D.    false                                                     Answer: B

182. Every violation of jail/prison discipline shall be dealt with

        accordingly. In extreme cases, where the violation
necessitate Immediate action, the warden or the Officer of the
Day may administer the necessary restraints and reports the
action taken to
       A.    an SOP
       B.    an emergency plan
       C.    a general rule
       D.    not applicable to prisoners                   Answer: C

183. Which of the following is a maximum security prison in

Ossining, New York, USA? It is located approximately 30
miles (48 km) north of New York City on the banks of the
Hudson River which the Auburn Prison system was applied.
       A.    Alcatraz prison
       B.    Sing Sing Prison
       C.    Wulnut Street Jail
       D.    Silver Mine Farm                                   Answer: B

184. A ___, also called a 'block' or 'isolation cell', used to

separate unruly, dangerous, or vulnerable prisoners from the
general population, also sometimes used as punishment.
       A.    Segregation Unit
       B.    Reception Unit
       C.    Quarantine Unit
       D.    Cell 45                                                  Answer: A

185. What is the place in some prisons, or a section in prisons

where criminals are placed awaiting execution?
       A.    Execution room
       B.    Death row
       C.    Garotine
       D.    Galley room                                          Answer: B

186. The Auburn system is a penal method of the 19th

century in which persons worked during the day in groups and
were kept in solitary confinement at night, with enforced
silence at all times. The Auburn system is also known as
       A.    Albany system
       B.    Irish system
       C.    New York System
       D.    None of these                                      Answer: C

187. Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women is a prison

in Bedford Hills, Westchester County, New York, USA. It is
the largest women's prison in New York State and has hosted
many infamous prisoners. It is the only women's maximum
security prison in New York State. This statement is:
       A.    True
       B.    False
       C.    Partially true
       D.    Partially false                                       Answer: A

188. The Panopticon is a type of prison building designed by

English philosopher Jeremy Bentham in 1785. The concept of
the design was derived from the word meaning of “pan” and
“opticon”.
“Opticon’ means:
       A. to allow an observer to observe
       B. with out the prisoner
       C. avoid watching
      D. To walk in military manner                        Answer: A

189. Elmira Correctional Facility, known otherwise as ___, is a

maximum security prison located in New York in the USA.
The prison is located in Chemung County, New York in the
City of Elmira.
       A.    “the school”
       B.    “the hill”
       C.    “the rock”
       D.    “the dungeon”                                      Answer: B

190. Who among the following was given the title “father of
Prison Reform” in the United States?
       A.    Zebulon Brockway
       B.    Robert Peel
       C.    John Howard
       D.    Alexander Macanochie                         Answer: A

191. It is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely

determined by its contribution to overall utility, that is, its
contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed among all
persons. It is thus a form of consequentialism, meaning that
the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome—
the ends justify the means.
       A.    Hedonism
       B.    Positivism
       C.    Determinism
       D.    Penology                                              Answer: A

192. The concept of probation, from the Latin word “probatio”

which means ___, has historical roots in the practice of
judicial reprieve.
       A.    walk with faith
       B.    live with integrity
       C.    testing period
       D.    out of prison                                         Answer: C

193. In the history of capital punishment, what do they call this

frame typically wooden, used for execution by hanging?
       A.    Galley
       B.    Gallows
       C.    Hulk
       D.    Double blade                                        Answer: B

194. Lethal injection refers to the practice of injecting a person

with a fatal dose of drugs for the explicit purpose of causing
the death of the subject. The main application for this
procedure is capital punishment. Which of the following drug
is injected to stops theheart thus causing death by cardiac
arrest?
       A.    Sodium thiopental
       B.    Pancuronium
       C.    Potassium chloride
       D.    Bicarbonate                                          Answer:  C

195. Execution by electrocution (referred to as the Electric

Chair) is an execution method originating in the United States
in which the person being put to death is strapped to a
specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through
electrodes placed on the body. In the Philippines, its first use
was in :
       A.    1924
       B.    1976
       C.    1972
       D.    1918                                                     Answer: A

196. Who was the British prison administrator and reformer,

and founder of the Borstal system?
       A.    Zebulon Brockway
       B.    Alexander Mocanochie
       C.    Evelyn Ruggles Brise
       D.    Sir John Watson                                   Answer: C

197. Besides religious laws such as the Torah, important

codifications of laws were developed in the ancient Roman
Empire, with the compilations of the Lex Duodecim
Tabularum. This law refers to
       A.    the Corpus Juris Civilis
       B.    the Twelve Tables
       C.    the Hammurabic code
       D.    lex taliones                                           Answer: B

198. The first permanent system of codified laws could be

found in China, with the compilation of the
       A.    Tang Code
       B.    Wong Code
       C.    Ting Code
       D.    Chang Code                                         Answer: A

199. Opponents of capital punishment claim that a prisoner's

isolation and uncertainty over their fate constitute a form of
mental cruelty and those especially long-time death row
inmates are liable to become mentally ill, if they are not
already. This is referred to as
       A.    death row phenomenon
       B.    Cruelty syndrome
       C.    Execution syndrome
       D.    None of these                                      Answer: A
200. After individuals are found guilty of an offense and
sentenced to execution, they will remain on death row while
following an appeals
        procedure, if they so choose, and then until there is a
        convenient time for __.
       A.    Execution
       B.    Pardon
       C.    Parole
       D    Amnesty                                                Answer: A