0323

ABENAKI/ENGLISH

ô- usually, continually

ôb- been, returning

ôbôban it is first light

ôbôgawasozimek one returns from the
shade, a euphemism for one returns from
using the bathroom
ôbômamek one returns from fishing

ôba- behind, in back

1
ôbad- lean ôbasas pl ôbasasak a downy wood-
pecker, little one continually going
ôbasawwan pl ôbasawwanak a fan, the
ôbadabimek one sits leaning back
one continually going around
ôbadahômek one leans on someone
ôbasibamek one returns from getting
ôbadahon pl ôbadahonal a cane, a water to drink or use
crutch
ôbawazimek one returns from warming
ôbadasek something that lies leaning themselves
ôbadasen it lies leaning ôbawizimek one returns from picking
ôbadasik one who lies leaning
ôbadasin they lies leaning ôbdalem- laugh
ôbadata it leans
ôbadialimek one returns from hunting ôbdalôzik one laughs at something
ôbagawatahigan pl ôbagawatahiganal ôbdalemômek one laughs at someone
umbrella, a shade implement
ôbdalomimek one laughs
ôbahômômek one lures someone
ôbdalomowôgan laughter
ôbaiamihômek one returns from
ôbdalomotawômek one laughs at
praying
something about someone (as laugh at
ôbalôbimek one looks back someone’s joke, or outfit)
ôbalôbodi pl ôbalôbodial a rear view
mirror (looking to see back instrument)
ôben- loosen, untie
ôbalokamek one returns from work
ôbalosamek one returns from walking
ôbenômek one loosens or unties
someone
ôbam- wandering about ôbenôzik one loosens or unties
something

ôbamamek one wanders ôbidôgw they has a toothache

ôbamakawômek one takes after ôbidôgwôgan a toothache

someone in either action or appearance ôbidawas a toothache
ôbamakwimek one roams, travels far ôbijibamek one resurrect, comes to life
ôban dawn again

ôbankamek one pays ôbijibak Easter, that which resurrects

ôbankawômek one pays someone ôbijibat Easter, one who is resurrected

2
ôbijibawôgan resurrecting, the ôda No, not, neither, nor
Resurrection
ôbijimek one returns
ôda awani no one, nobody
ôbiponômek one returns from putting
ôdaba kizagidôzinnok illegible
down, or placing someone
ôda kagakimgwezikw illiterate
ôbiponôzik one returns from putting of
placing something ôda kagwi you’re welcome , it’s not
something, it’s nothing at all
ôbkwamek one returns from chopping
wood ôda lagajigw shameless, one with no
shame
ôbkwabimek one returns from a sit
ôda lalwawinnok illicit
ôbloas Ambrose
ôda pegwati not even
ôbodahimek one returns from visiting
ôda sassagadonnok illegitimate
ôda tômô not any, not anywhere
ôbojgel- inside out, reversed,
upside down ôda wajônmok notôgwzowôgan
voiceless, not having a sound
ôda wajônmok wizwôgan anonymous,
ôbojgelagenôzik one turns something not having a name
inside out or upside down
ôbojgelakta reversed, it is wrong side
out, upside down ôdab- rest, repose, sit for a time
ôbojgelawitan the current goes the
wrong way ôdabimek one rests
ôbojgeligdahimek one jumps head first ôdabowôgan resting
ôbojgeligôbimek one stands upside ôdaki than, rather than, instead of
down
ôbojgelimek one is reversed, upside
down, wrong side out; one tumbles head ôdok- relate, tell, narrate
first
ôbojgelka it overturns, goes upside ôdokôdôzik one tells or explains
down or inside out something
ôbosamek one returns from walking ôdokôlômek one admits fault, accepts
ôbtkasmimek one returns from responsibility
swimming ôdokôldimek people tell stories to each
other

3
ôdokôldowôgan group storytelling ôdolibiamek one paddles leaning back
ôdokamek one tells a story
ôdokawômek one tells someone a story ôgawa- shade, shadow, in shade
ôdokawôgan a telling, a story
ôdokazimek one converses ôgawabimek one sits out of sight
ôdokazwôgan a conversation ôgawabowôgan act of sitting out of
ôdosamek one continues walking, sight
keeps going ôgawata it is out of sight
ôgawatahigan pl ôgawatahiganal
ôdol- leaning back, lying back, on umbrella, shade implement
back ôgawatak shaded, in the shade
ôgawataka it casts a shadow, they
makes a shadow
ôdolakamek one throws something or
someone over ôgawatasek something that lies in a
shadow or shade
ôdolakawômek one throws something
over for someone ôgawatasen it lies in the shadow or
shade
ôdolesek something that lies on its
back, it turned over ôgawatasik someone who lies in a
shadow or shade
ôdolesen it lies on its back
ôgawatasin they lies in the shadow or
ôdolesenikhôzik one causes something
shade
to lean back, or lie on their back;
something that is caused to lean back ôgawatasigamek one makes a shadow,
acts putting down a shadow
ôdolesik someone who lies on their
back, is turned over, leaning back ôgawagôbimek one stands in the shade
ôdolesimek one lies leaning back ôgawakwa the shade of a tree
ôdolesinikhôdimek when people cause ôgawakwajoak the White Mountains of
one another to lean back, or lie on their New Hampshire, the shady mountains
backs ôgawas pl ôgawazak a shadow
ôdolesinikhômek one causes someone ôgawasen it lies out of sight
to lean back, or lie on their back
ôgawasin they lies out of sight
ôdolesinikhôzimek one causes them
self to lie on back, lean back ôgawasozimek one goes in the shade, a
euphemism for using the bathroom
ôdolibiôgan pl ôdolibiôganak an oar,
the leaning back paddling tool ôgawastegw pl ôgawastegok shady
river, a river in the shade
4
ôgawazimek one makes a shadow ôgnawamtoimek one is peaceful by
nature
ôgawiwi do something in the shade, or
under a shelter ôgnawamtoo they is a peaceful person
by nature
ôgawlômsen sheltered from the wind
ôgnawigôbimek one stands still
ôgawosamek one goes to the shade;
one goes to the bathroom in the woods ôgnawipimek one eats peacefully
ôgnawosamek one walks peacefully
ôgem- snowshoe ôgnawtta it is very peaceful

ôgem pl ôgemak snowshoe, a snowshoe ôgwa- lie deposited

ôgemaôbi pl ôgemaôbial a snowshoe
string; pl ties, or harness, used to keep ôgwaômkwit Ogunquit, Maine, sand
snowshoes connected to feet deposits
ôgemaôzik one uses snowshoes ôgwaômkwitak a sandbar, where sand
ôgematagw pl ôgematagol snowshoe lies in the current
lacing ôgwaômkwitan sand lying in a current
ôgemakamek one makes snowshoes ôgwaôpônsen snow lies drifted
ôgemakawôgan act of snowshoe ôgwaôpônsek where snow lies drifted
making
ôgwijimek one swims continually
ôgemakw pl ôgemakok white ash,
snowshoe wood, Fraxinus americana ôgwni since, inasmuch as, as it seems

ôgemakwibeskaôtkwen pl ôhô yes

ôgemakwibeskaôtkwenal an ash
bough, a snowshoe tree branch
ôhônkaw- a tradition, a repeated
connection
ôgnaw- peaceful, quiet, tranquil,
still
ôhônkawôbagak pl ôhônkawôbagakil
a tradition
ôgnawôwzimek one lives peacefully ôhônkawidbihlôk ngôniaikok within
ôgnawôwzowôgan peaceful, tranquil, the tradition of the elders
or quiet living ôhônkawôjmowôganowôl
ôgnawabimek one sits peacefully pmôwzowinnoak traditions, the
traditions of men
ôgnawamto a peaceful person

5
ôhaimek one lives or stays repeatedly,
keeps staying, remains ôlabidôzik one continually ties
ôhidamek what one keeps saying, something
repeats ôlabilômek one contually ties someone
ôhlômek one repeats something ôlabizimek one is continually tied up
ôladakamek one continues to act, the
ôji- increasing way one acts
ôlalokamek one continually work,
works generally
ôjikinôbaimek one emboldens
ôlawôwzimek one continues to live
ôjiwikaimek one fattens
well, is wealthy
ôjigadmômek one gets older, ages
ôlawôwzowôgan well to do, affluence;
ôjigek what is growing continually living well
ôjigen it is growing ôlawi although, however
ôjigimek one grows ôlawidahôzimek one continually
ôjihômek one makes someone bigger changes their mind

ôjihodimek people make each other ôlawiki although, however, nevertheless

bigger ôlpmôwzimek one continues to live
ôjihozimek one makes themself bigger ôlgisgak the weather continues in the
ôjitôzik someone add something to same way
something ôlmalokamek one continues to act
ôjita they adds something to it ôlmi continuing, continue
ôlmidôzik one continue working at
ôjm- narrate, relate, tell a story something
ôlmigadek what continues for many
years
ôjmimek one tells, relates or declares
ôlsin continue lying prostrate; they
ôjmowôgan pl ôjemowôganal the continues lying prostrate
Gospel, a narration, a story, a history, a
tale ôli continuing, continually

ôjmowôganis pl ôjmowôganisal an ôlinôgwzimek one continues to appear

anecdote, a little story in such a way
ôlipimek one continues eating

ôl- continue ôlitbakki during the night

6
ôllaka happens, it so happens, probably, ômilkôganipegdazigan pl
perhaps ômilkôganipegdaziganal a rack of
smoke-dried meat (smoke fried)
ôlosamek one continues to walk
ômilkamek one smoke-dries meat
ômilkan smoke-drying meat
ôm- fish; lift, raise up
ômilkan Pôntegw Lewiston Falls,
Maine, place at the falls where fish are
ômaiskok pl ômaiskokak a fishworm dried and cured
ômamek one fishes; New London, CT, ômilkawôgan act of smoke-drying meat
fishing place; where one fishes
ôman fishing
ômka bet, gamble
ômanosek Ammonoosuc River, New
Hampshire, where there is fishing
ômkaipapimek one gambles, plays a
ômaskik Amoskeag, Manchester, NH,
game of gambling
at the fishing grounds
ômkaipapowôgan gambling, a
ômawôgan the act of fishing
gambling game
ômawômek one fishes for someone (as
ômkakamek one raises a bet, lifts, a
in a type of fish)
raise-throw
ômkakan betting, gambling, throwing
ômawi- hurt, injure bets
ômkamek one gambles; one lifts
ômawitahômek one injures someone ômkat a gambler, one who bets
by hitting
ômkawôgan betting, gambling; lifting
ômawitahôzimek one is wounded by
ômkipoda sand falls
being hit
ômskamek one stands up
ômawitasimek one gets injured by
falling ômwaibemi pl ômwaibemial wax
ômikimek one rises, gets up ômwaimelases pl ômwaimelasesal
honey
ômwaimen pl ômwaimenal bayberry
ômil- smoke-dry
or service berry, Myrica pensylvanica
ômwaimenakwam pl
ômilkôgan smoke-dried meat ômwaimenakwamak waxberry tree,
shadbush, service berry, Amelanchier
canadensis

7
 ônkawigan pl ônkawiganal a splicing
piece, connector
ônalz- repent, convert
ônkawitigan pl ônkawitiganal an
addition, a part built on, as an addition to
ônalzimek one repents, one is a house
converted
ônkawiwi act in a connected way,
ônalzowi repentantly jointly, conjointly
ônalzowôgan repentance, conversion ônkawtôzik a rosary, what is joined
ônias Agnes
ônkaza- employ, hire
ônim- blame
ônkazahimek one is employed or hired
ônimômek one blames someone ônkazahowômek one hires someone,
ônimgwat it is considered to blame makes someone employed

ônimgwak that which is considered ônkazahozimek one hires oneself, is

blameworthy self employed

ônimzimek one blames oneself ônkazahozowôgan self-employment

ônis Anna ônkazawinno pl ôgazawinnoak an

employee

ônk- connected, joined, linked, in

addition ônkohl- sell

ônka addition, in addition; that is why ônkohlômek one sells

ônkawôdokôdôzik that which is being ônkohlaigamigw pl ônkohlaigamigol

interpreted by someone store, a store, a selling-house

ônkawôdokôgan pl ônkawôdokôganal ônkohlamômek one sells someone

a statement by one speaker repeated by something
another ônkohlatôzik one sells something to
ônkawôdokawômek one translates someone
(connects speech) for someone
ônkawbagok a chain of lakes, ôpch- (ôpt-) becoming, act of
connected lakes doing, being
ônkawi connecting, linking

8
ôpchôdawamek one is climbing ôpskwalômsen whirlwind, a whirlwind,
tornado, air pocket in lee of a steep
ôpchigeladen it is freezing
mountain
ôpchigwônsamek one is sewing
ôpskwata whirling, there is whirling
ôpchigwahlômek one is rolling (used
ôpskwatan a whirlpool, a whirling
for he is drinking liquor)
current
ôpchipimek one is eating
ôpskwelahazo flash; it flashes
ôpchitôzik one is making something,
doing something
ôpt- (ôpch-) becoming, act of
doing, being
ôpkw- open, turn

ôptôgska bend a snowshoe frame

ôpkwanôzik one uncorks, unseals,
opens something ôptôlka they is digging

ôpkwesakhigan pl ôpkwesakhiganal a ôptôma they is fishing

key (tool for opening) ôptôtloka they is telling a story, he is
ôpkweska open making up a story

ôpkweskak Solomon Seal, Smilacina ôptabônka make bread, they is making

stellata and Polyganatum biflorum; what bread
is jointed ôptabozo they is roasting something
ôpkweskazit pl ôpkweskazijik a joint, ôptachôgo they has consumption
one who opens
ôptadaboka they is baking
ôptadema they is lacing snowshoes
ôpsaz- sweat, perspire ôptagahiga they is hoeing
ôptagasit one that burns
ôpsazawikôn pl ôpsazawikônal sweat ôptagazo they is burning
lodge, a sweating camp
ôptagidam they is reading something
ôpsazi sweat
ôptakanno they is traveling
ôpsazimek one sweats, perspires
ôptalkô it is rotting
ôpsazowôgan sweat, perspiration
ôptalmi continue, keep on
ôptaloka working, they is working
ôpskwa- whirling
ôptatolo they is making a canoe

9
ôptaw- above, up from the ground ôshagidahôzimek one thinks queerly
ôshagidahôzoldimek when they marvel
ôptawakwa part way up a tree ôshagidahôzwôgan strange thinking
ôptawi up above ôshagigen it is strange
ôptawigen it is up above ôshagigo they is strange
ôptawiwi above; in the air, up from the ôshagilawakôgonômek one is
ground astonished by how one uses something
ôptega they continues dancing ôshaginôgw appear strange
ôptjôlazômek one cuts someone’s nose ôshaginamitôzik one sees something
marvelous
ôptjôlaza cut someone’s nose; they cuts
someone’s nose ôshagitôgw sound strange
ôptosao it is going ôshagipo taste strange
ôptpapo they continues playing ôshagiwi strangely
ôshawihlômek one is strangely named
ôshag- miraculous, strange ôssowôgan an action, doing

ôshagadawôbikhômek one cause ôt- being engaged in, more,

someone to see someone strange increasing, becoming greater
ôshagadawôbikha cause someone to
see something strange; they causes ôtôbikwsimek one has intercourse
someone to see something strange, they
causes a hallucination ôtaôlkamek one is engaged in digging

ôshagadawôbikhodwôgan a sign, a
vision ôtal- continuing there
ôshagadawôbikhodwôgan li
kwagwatskohalômek a temptation, a
sign or vision as a test ôtalalosamek one goes there
continually
ôshagakw pl ôshagakok striped maple,
Acer pensylvanicum, strange tree ôtalalokamek one goes to work there
continually
ôshagaloka they acts strangely
ôtalawalmômek one has a grudge
ôshagalokawôgan pl against someone
ôshagalokawôganal a miracle, a
mighty work, a strange action ôtalawizimek one picks or gathers food
continuously
ôshagi strange

10
 ôthlokawôganis pl ôthlokawôganisal a
short story
ôtaw- beyond, over, reaching out
ôthlokawômek one tells someone a
story
ôtawskaden it freezes reaching out
ôthlokazimek one tells their story
from shore
ôtjagwak deposits, when or where
ôtawôgiwi up and over a facing bank
muck increases over time
ôtawôka it is over a bank
ôtowagahigamek one hills corn
ôtawômka it is over a sandy bank
ôtawahanik the height of land, what
ôtk- move
one goes over
ôtawaonigamek one carries or portages
over a height of land ôtkabimek one sits restlessly
ôtawaonigan pl ôtawaoniganal a ôtkagôbadasi kizokw Arbor Day,
portage trail over the height of land Transplanting Day
ôtawazek where it goes over ôtkagôbalômek one transplants
someone (as in a tree), to move where
ôtawiwi over beyond, farther
one stands
ôtawloskwaimek one stretches their
ôtkagôbadigamek when people work
neck to see ahead or see around
together at transplanting
ôtawosamek one goes over
ôtkakanigamek one moves a fence (a
ôtojiwi then over time, continuing euphemism for one encroaches, or
trespasses)

ôthlok- tell a story ôtkanôzimek one transplants them self

ôtlômek one moves someone forward

ôthlokôgan storytelling, telling a story ôtsôzik a notch, that which is notched

ôthlokamek one tells a story ôtsakaa flat ground

ôthlokadimek people tell each other ôtsimek one makes camp

stories ôttôzik one moves forward something
ôthlokadin a storytelling gathering
ôthlokamek one tells a story ôttal- continue there
ôthlokat a storyteller 

ôthlokawôgan pl ôthlokawôganal a ôttalôdokazimek one continues
story, a tale, a telling speaking there

11
ôttali continuing there ôwdikan road making, road
construction
ôttalikazimek one continues to build a
house there ôwdisis pl ôwdisisal a path, a little road
ôttalihlômek one continues flying there ôwimek one belongs
ôttaligimek one continues to grow there ôzali an angel
ôttalintomek one continues to sing ôzalik Angelica
there
ôttalintowawômek one continues to
ôzida- reply, returning, in return
sing to someone there
ôttalipapimek one continue playing
there ôzidaiwi in return, in reply, returning
ôttalkamikhômek one causes someone ôzidakwazimek pl ôzidakwazimekil an
to continue traveling there echo, one returns sounding, a sound
comes back to one
ôttegoizemômek ones ripples, ones
waves ôzidamômek one replies
ôttigawôgan a delay, a postponement ôzidawawôgan pl ôzidawawôganal an
answer, a reply
ôtto move forward
ôzidasamek one passes someone while
ôttoji continually, when or where,
returning
continually or steadily
ôzikhazimek one extends a house
ôwahla instead
ôzoka said, it is said, it is told, however,
ôwalami continuing
by contrast, rather, instead, on the other
hand, as for, but
ôwad- valuable, have worth ôzokaiwi instead, in place of

ôwadika it acts valuable ôzow- askew, aside, not right, not

ôwadik what has value straight, off course, to the side
ôwado it or they has value
ôwdi pl ôwdial a road, path, trail, street ôzimek one lives an easy life

ôwdiibakw pl ôwdiibakol plantain, ôzowôgan an easy life

road plant, common plantain, Plantago ôzowalabahlômek one goes aside,
major changes parties in an election; something
ôwdikamek one makes a road collapses by going askew (like a barn)
ôzowatôzik one moves something aside

12
ôzowigen it is oblique, askew abagesgedôzik one pounds meat to dry
ôzowihlômek one goes off course abagesgeda pounded thin and dried
meat
ôzowkazamek one goes back and forth
abagi flat
abagigek pl abagikkil a flat thing
A
abagigekabaznoda pl
abagigekabaznodaal a flat basket
aôba pl aôbak stag, bull (male bovine abagigen it is flat
with full set of horns)
abagigit pl abagigijik one who is flat
abôn pl abônak bread
abagigit potôiya pl abagigijik potôiyak
abônamakws pl abônamakwsak a flat bottle
sunfish, pumpkin seed or rock bass
abagihlômek one becomes flat
abônis pl abônisak bread, a piece of
abagijiman pl abagijimanal a flat
bread
bottomed boat, a rowboat
abônkôgan pl abônkôganal an oven
abaginamas pl abaginamasak a
abônkamek one makes bread; one flounder, flat fish
cooks
abagitaham speak low, flat, talk about
abônkan bread making; cooking someone, say bad things about someone
abônkat a cook abagiwi flatly
abônkawômek one cooks someone abagskadasin they lies flat on her face
something
abagta pl abagtaak flounder, it is flat
abapkwôgan pl abapkwôganal a roof,
abag- flat a roof
abapkwawôgan roofing, act of
abagôdebôt pl abagôdebôjik a flat covering with a roof
head, one who is flat-headed abapskadahigan pl abapskadahiganal
abagôlo pl abagôloal a flat tail a snare, a bent pole snare

abagabskw pl abagabskol a flat rock abapskweda pl abapskwedal a stove

abagasin they lies flat on the ground abasada the alphabet, the A-B-C's

abagadonatahômek one slaps abasandôganal Aurora Borealis, the

someone's mouth Northern Lights

abagadonatahôzimek one who’s abasandôganihla the Northern Lights

mouth is flat slapped move

13
abaz- wood, woody abichibagw pl abichibagol a pond to
the side of the main route
abichibagwsis pl abichibagwsisal a
abazkwôn pl abazkwônal a wooden
small pond to one side of the main route
spoon
abichipasodskawihômek one avoids
abazi pl abaziak tree, a living tree
someone, one waits for someone on the
abazi pl abazial wood, a piece of wood, side nearby
a stick
abichitahôzik one misses the way, goes
abazibôgan pl abazibôganak a wooden to the side
pipe
abichiwi aside, to the side
abazigwikôd pl abazigwikôdal a
abimek one sits
wooden leg
abaziiya wood, wooden, of wood,
woody material abit- inhabit; invite
abazikôn pl abazikônal a log camp, a
tree camp abitô pl abitôk a farmer <Fr. Habitant
abazis pl abazisak a shrub, a small tree abitôzik something is occupied
abazis pl abazisal a small stick abitôziga inhabited, be lived in, be
abazkwôn a wooden spoon occupied
abaznoda pl abaznodaal a basket, a abitôzimek one dwells somewhere
wooden bag abitôzo it is occupied, lived in
abaznodaka basket work, make a abitahômek one invites someone
basket; they makes a basket
abitahôn an invitation
abaznodakamek one makes baskets
abitaha invite someone; they invites
abaznodakawôgan basketmaking someone
abaznodasis pl abaznodasisal basket, a abitahodwôgan pl abitahodwôganal
small basket an invitation
abazolagw pl abazolagol a boat, a abitam inhabit, occupy, dwell in
wooden boat or canoe
abitegwahiga roast in ashes
abi sit
abitiga live in something; they lives in
something
abich- aside, to the side abitigamek one lives in something
abitigan pl abitiganal structure to live
in

14
abmagôwat remember, I just adag- uncertain, unreliable,
remember; Oh, I remember dishonest
abo they sits
abodes pl abodesal boat, yawl, life adagôba pl adagôbak a dishonest or
boat, sailboat <Eng. a boat unreliable man
abon pl abonak a bed adagôbas pl adagôbasak a dishonest
abonskan working at putting in the ribs person, a rogue, a man eater
of a canoe adagôbawôgan dishonesty
abozimek one roast something in ashes adagadaga cheat, act dishonestly
abozo they roasts it roasts in ashes adagalokamek one works dishonestly,
abozowôgan pl abozowôganal it one cheats
roasts, a roast adagalokawôgan fraud, dishonest
achi also, too work

achkiato fact adagi dishonest, roguish

achowaldôzik one wants something adagidahômômek one suspects

someone
achowaldôzo it is desired, wanted
adagidahômdôzik one distrusts, fears
achowaldak that which they wants something
achowaldam they wants something adagidahôzimek one doubts something
achowaldaman what you want, desire or someone
achowaldamakw what you all want adagidahôzowôgan suspicion, state of
doubt
achowalmômek one wants someone
adagigadat pl adagigadajik a cheater,
achowi must, need, want
one who cheats someone, work one who
achowi pajitbihlôk destiny, what is works a deception on someone
sure to come about
adagigek pl adagikkil a false thing
achowiba should
adagigen pl adagigenol it is dishonest
achowidahômtôzik one wants to do
adagigit pl adagigijik one who is
something, a goal
dishonest
achowikwenak the necessary length,
adagigo pl adagigoak they is dishonest
the length wanted
adagigisgat pl adagigisgatal it is a
achowitbak what is necessary, a
doubtful day, dishonest weather
necessity
adaginôgwak pl adaginôgwakil a
doubtful looking thing

15
adaginôgwat pl adaginôgwatal it adalabaznodakamek when or where
appears unreliable one makes baskets
adagipmôwsowinno pl adalatbokamek pl adalatbokamekil
adagipmôwsowinnoak a dishonest kitchen, where one cooks
person adalademamek pl adalademamekil
adagnamawômek one cheats someone lacing snowshoes place, where one laces
of something snowshoes
Adagkwejitegw uncertain sinking river, adaladialimek pl adaladialimekil
Ottauquechee River hunting place, where one hunts
adahlômek one gives responsibility to adalagakidimek pl adalagakidimekil a
somone, assigns a job for them to do school, where one teaches, one teaches
there
adalakidimek pl adalakidimekil
adal- (tal-) there, there where,
school, where one teaches, one teaches
while, when
there
adalalokamek pl adalalokamekil a
adalôchimek pl adalôchimekil where workplace, where one works, place
one camps where people work
adalôkohlômek one sells there; a store adalamaskamek pl adalamaskamekil
adalômamek pl adalômamekil fishing an altar, where one says Mass
place, where one fishes adalamiskwit pl adalamiskwital a
adalômimek pl adalômimekil beaver lodge, where the beaver lives
spawning place, where there is spawning adalanohigamek one buys there
adalômpsasimek pl adalômpsasimekil adalasinat pl adalasinatal a yard (as in
a sweat lodge, where one sweats self a moose or deer yard), where he lies
(one time), sweating place, sweat lodge
adalawikhôzik where it is written
adalôtabimek pl adalôtabimekil
adalawikhigamek a desk, where one
resting place, where one rests, a resting
writes something
place
adalawazimek where one warms up
adalôtabimek where one rests
adalazakwedak where it is lighted
adalôwanit an egg laying place, where
they lays her eggs adalchawat pl adalchawatal a den,
canine den, where they (wolves, foxes,
adalôwzik nebik aquatic, one lives
or dogs) raise their young
there in the water
adalbadazik where water drops or drips
adalabakhozimek one throws water on
self adalgadazimek one dances to keep
warm
16
adalgadimek pl adalgadimekil dance adalkadak burning place, there where it
ground, where one dances customarily burns, while it burns
adalpapimek pl adalpapimekil a adalkannit pl adalkannital a
playground, where one plays destination, where they travels, while
they travels
adalhôdoimek one is active there
adalkasmimek a swimming hole,
adalhôdoit pl adalhôdoital a habitat,
where one swims or bathes, a swimming
he is active there, he works over that
pool
area, he feeds and hangs around there
adalkigamek where it is sown, planted
adali most, the most; where something
is; there adalkigamgik that which is planted
there
adalialimek pl adalialimekil a hunting
ground, there where one hunt adalkigamgil things are planted there
adaliazik eddies, where something adalkigat pl adalkigatal a planting
moves about, stirs, eddies, is agitated place, where one plants
adaligek growing place, where it grows adalkigwit nursery, where one raises
her young
adaligimek where one grows
adalkik there in the field, there where it
adaligit pl adaligital a growing place,
is field
where they grows, they grows there
adalnasimek where one drags
adalihlaimek where one goes to nest
something
adalihlait pl adalihlaital a nest, one
adalosamek when one walks at/it, goes
goes to nest there
by/through a place
adalikipozamek a landing, a port,
adalosan walking at or going by way
where one disembarks
of/through a place
adalinangômkamek a race-course
adalsabkwamek a canoe landing,
adalipimek pl adalipimekil dining where one caches; where one leaves a
room, where one eats, eating room canoe
adalipimek ta adozgwôzik an inn, adalohômkômômek one questions
where one has a meal and sleeps someone
adalitôgwzit where or while he is adalskawôbimek waiting place, where
heard, where or while he speaks one waits and watches; where one waits
adalitak current place, where the and watches
current is adaltôbimek a bow making place;
adalkabotigan there one is harrowing; where one makes a bow
there where one rubs (an animal); a adaltahômek a battlefield; where one
coming out of the water beats or kills someone

17
adaltolimek a canoe building place; adawikôbimek pl adawikôbimekil
where one builds a canoe pants, what one stands in, underdrawers
adawiminagak pl adawiminagakil an
ear of corn
adass- (azi-) each, each time,
every time, whenever adawjagenigamek pl
adawjagenigamekil what one works
dough in, a wooden pan for baking pan
adassi each time, whenever bread
adassitta every time, every time adazamalkin a step, a set of steps, a
adassiwi every time, whenever stairway or one step

adatobi wild raisin juice, Viburnum adbigwahlômek one rolls

cassinoides
adatomen pl atotomenal a wild raisin, adb- twisting, rolling, mouth
Viburnum cassinoides fruit puckering
adatomenakwam pl
adatomenakwamak wild raisin bush,
adbôbakiatigan pl adbôbakiatôganal
Viburnum cassinoides
sling for throwing stones; swing aroung
adatomenizi pl adatomeniziak wild tool
raisin bush, Viburnum cassinoides
adbôgenôzik one twists something
adawôbamek pl adawôbamekil a cup,
adbôlagw pl adbôlagol a rifle, a
what one puts liquid in
twisting hollow stick
adawabônkamek pl adawabônkamekil
adbakwa pl adbakwal a bean
a bread pan, what someone bakes bread
in adbahozimek one twists or tangle self
up
adawesmimek pl adawesmimekil a
cup, what one drinks from, cup or glass adbaskedon pl adbaskedonak a
mastodon, the rolled-up lip
adawibiamek pl adawibiamekil a
lifeboat adbipogwat puckery, it tastes puckery,
puckery tasting thing
adawibimek pl adawibimekil a dish,
what one eats out of or from adbigen it is rolled up, dry, puckery
adawidôzik wizôwibemi a butter churn, adbigwônsôgan pl adbigwônsôganal
where butter is made the hem of a garment
adawigesilsômek pl adawigesilsômekil adbigwônsamek one sews, roll-sews,
a sink, a wash basin, what one washes sews the edge of something
hands in

18
adbigwônsahigan pl adialin hunting
adbigwônsahiganal sewing, a spiral adialwasem pl adialwasemok hunting
sewing dog
adbigwônsawôgan pl adio goodbye <Fr. Adieu
adbigwônsawôganal the hem of a
garment or other rolled and sewn edge
adbigwamek one rolls something; sew adl- barring, obstructing
a rolled edge or seam
adbigwahlômek one rolls or spins adlôgwadebokamek one cooks the
adbigwana turn or roll something evening meal
adbigwanigamek one rolls, turns, adlôgwaiyam the evening praying
cranks something adlôgwalokamek one works at night
adbigwanigan pl adbigwaniganal a adlôgwipimek one eats the evening
grindstone, a rolling tool meal
adbimen pl adbimenal a chokecherry, adlôgwipoldin supper, several eat
puckery berry, the fruit of Prunus supper, eating evening meal in a group
virginiana
adlôgwipowôgan pl adlôgwipowôganal
adbimenakwam pl adbimenakwamak dinner, evening meal, supper
a chokecherry tree, Prunus virginiana
adlôgwiwi evening, in the evening
adbimenibagenem pl
adbimenibaknemal a cherry stone adlahigan pl adlahiganal a snare,
barring-the-way-instrument
adbiwahlômek one rolls
adlakwasin blocking, they lies across
adbokamek one cooks the path
adbokan cooking, someone cooks, adlakwesen blocking, it lies across the
there is cooking path
adbokwamek one cooks adlasokwat clouds or fog block off a
ademômek one laces a snowshoe view of something
ademawôgan snowshoe lacing adlesahigan pl adlesahiganal back or
instrument side log of a fireplace, the blocking-off-
instrument
adhon pl adhonak a breechcloth
adli barring, blocking off, in front of
adia the flesh scraped off inside of a
hide in preparing adlipizaga blocking bushy growth,
bushes or a hedge that is hard to travel
adia pl adiak a dog
through
adialimek hunting time

19
adligôbimek one stands blocking the agômenoki-moskwaswaskw pl
way agômenoki-moskwaswaskol ginger,
European muskrat root
adligamômek one bars someone's way,
prevents them from going Agômenokii pl Agômenokiiak a
European, pl foreigners, those from the
adlitakamawômek one gets in front of
other side
someone
agômhlômek one goes across
Adlitakamôwadin Get in Front Dance,
a dance in which dancers get in front one agômi on the other side, across
another; Indian running, last runner runs agômiwi on the other side
to front consecutively
adlosamek one goes in front of
someone; one blocks someone's way agaj- shy, ashamed, bashful
admôplômek one pursues, overtakes or
catches someone (catches up and grabs agajimek one is ashamed
them to stop their escape)
agajoskwa pl agajoskwak a shy
admikawômek one overtakes, catches woman, a bashful woman
someone
agajwôba pl agajwôbak a shy man, a
adoji then, there, so much bashful man
adoji wlitôzik mskiko haymaking agajwôdak that which one is ashamed
adotomen pl adotomenal whitebeam or of
beam-tree berries, Sorbus aria agajwôgan shame, bashfulness, being
adotomenakwam pl shy
adotomenakwamak a whitebeam tree, agajwômômek one is ashamed of
a beam tree, Sorbus aria someone
adozgwôzik one spends the night,
overnights
agaki- teach, educate, instruct
adodosamek an aisle; where one walks
past
agakidôgan education

agôm- across, on the other side agakidôzik one teaches something

agakidôzo it is taught (as in a certain
subject or lesson)
agômek what is across, on the other
side agakigamimek one teaches

Agômenoki Europe, land on the other agakigamwinno pl agakigamwinnoak

side teacher

20
agakimômek one teaches someone agmatta himself, herself
agakimzimek one teaches themselves,
self teaching, studying; one learns agwô- decaying, deteriorating,
agakimgwzit pl agakimgwzijik one rusting, spoiling
who is taught; a student
agamiskwamek one hunts beaver with
agwôdawas pl agwôdawasak fungus,
dogs
touchwood, bracket fungus, fruiting
agaskw pl agaskwok a woodchuck body of Basidiomycetes
agaskwôlagw pl agaskwôlagol a agwôgwahigan pl agwôgwahiganal
woodchuck hole moldy, rotten instrument, tool
Agat Agatha agwôgazôzik one burns something
Agawinno The Bear Clan, a sleepy cooking; spoil cooking
person agwôgwahla it becomes spoiled, it
agbalam pl agbalamak a bullfrog becomes moldy
agwôgwahlagigek a thing that is rusty,
a rusty thing
agi- read, count
agwôgwahlagigen it is rusty
agwôgwahlagihla rusting, it becomes
agidôzik one reads, counts, computes or rusty
calculates something; a computer
agwôgwahlakw rusty metal
agimômek one counts or reads someone
agwôlagôji pl agwôlagôjiak a tadpole,
agizimek one counts or reads polliwog
agizowôgan pl agizowôganak number, agwa it is said, heard, it seems;
a number formerly (reported news)
agizowan pl agizowanak a counter agwachi actually, even, really
agmôgik those others, they agwachitta actually, really
agmôwô they, them, theirs
agmôwôktta in themselves agwan- hidden because covered,
agmôwôtta themselves out of sight
agma he, she, his, hers
agmagôwat remember, Oh, I remember, agwana pl agwanaal a storage pit in the
I just remembered! ground
agmak to him, in her agwanagiadigan pl agwanagiadiganal
a curtain
agmaktta to herself
21
agwanagiadimek pl agwanagiadimekil agwanta it is covered, screened
one hides or covers; window curtains agwatta indeed it is said
agwanagiado pl agwanagiadoal a agwazo pl agwazoak a twin
window curtain, he shuts out the light
agwanakhodigan pl
agwanakhodiganal a window curtain, a agwda- upstream
hanging cover
agwanasokwat cloud cover, a covering agwdabiamek one paddles upstream
cloud
agwdabiahlômek one goes paddling
agwanasowômek one makes someone upstream
unseen by covering
agwdajoan upstream current, there is
agwanes a small cover; birch bark an upstream current
peeled out of season
agwdaham work upstream; pole a
agwani covered, screened, hidden canoe upstream
agwanido pl agwanidoal a covering, agwdahla go upstream
they makes a covering, a shelter, a
screen, or a roof agwdai an upriver place

agwanigek that which is hidden, out of agwdaiwi upstream

sight, covered agwdalômsen upriver wind, it is
agwanigen it is hidden, out of sight, blowing upriver; an upstream wind
covered agwdasamek one goes upstream
agwanidigan pl agwanidiganal a shed, agwdatan an upriver current
a small shelter; a vestibule (entrance hall
or lobby of a house or building)
agwim- blame, accuse
agwankahômek one covers or buries
someone
agwankahôzimek one is buried agwimômek one accuses someone
agwankahatôzik one covers or buries agwima they accuses someone
something agwimdôzik one blames something
agwanlôgwaozimek one covers their agwimda blame something; they
face blames something
agwanlôgwawan pl agwanlôgwawanal agwimdowôgan act of blaming
a veil, it hides the face
agwipskozi excuse oneself, make a
agwanozimek cover or bury self substitute
agwanozigwa a covered thing agwipskozimek one excuses oneself

22
agwipskozo they excuses herself ahôwadik pl ahôwadikil ginseng, very
valuable one
agwizit pl agwizijik a root vegetable
ahôwazo pl ahôwazoak a brant duck,
agwjaga it is dirty
an old squaw duck
agwjagak pl akwjagakil a dirty thing,
ahadbak pl ahadbakil avensroot,
something that is dirty, what is dirty
liquid that makes mouth puckery, Geum
agwjagbaga dirty water, it is dirty spp.
water
ahalômbidaak pl ahalômbidaakil a
agwjagilja pl agwjagiljaal a dirty hand rake, what has teeth inside
agwjagiljaiwi michoak they are eating ahalômkôzik plejes pl ahalômkôzikil
with unwashed hands plejesal underwear
agwjagikesen pl agwjagikesenal a ahalôdawasit pl ahalôdawasijik a tree
dirty shoe toad, the climber
agwjagigwa a dirty face ahaligit one that is like someone
agwjaginôgwat appear dirty, it appears ahaliljômek pl ahaliljômekik a glove
dirty
ahamo pl ahamoak a chicken, a hen,
agwjagzi dirty female fowl
agwjagzid pl agwjagezidal a dirty foot ahamoakesen pl ahamoakesenal
ahôdowamek when one speaks pitcher plant, hen's moccasin, Sarracenia
purpurea
ahômawômek one fishes
ahamoisit pl ahamoisital hens foot,
ahômawômek skok pl ahômawômekil Chenopodium album.
skogak a fishworm
ahamoiya poultry, chicken meat
ahômawawinno pl ahômawawinnoak
a fisherman ahaso pl ahasoak a horse
ahawôsiswiana when I was a child

ahôtaw- groove, a long narrow ahay a greeting <Eng. Hi

furrow
ahaza- transparent
ahôtawakwtak pl ahôtawakwtakil a
groove in wood
ahazasit pl ahazasijik a glass, the
ahôtawigek corduroy, that which is transparent one
grooved
ahazatak pl ahazatakil lace; a
ahôtawigen it is grooved cheesecloth; a window screen; a lace
curtain; a transparent thing

23
ahazatagiya long transparent or lacey aimek one is present or dwelling
material ait one that lives, is present
ahidôzik when or if it is said; a proverb ait abonek one becomes bedridden

ahim- cloth; own aiyami- pray

ahim pl ahimal cloth, clothes, luggage, aiyamihôganal a chaplet, a rosary

belongings
aiyamihômek one prays
ahimagen pl ahimagenol skin for
clothing aiyamihawôgan praying, a prayer

ahki pl ahkial the earth, land, soil aiyamihawigamigw pl

aiyamihawigamigol a church
ahlôt an informant, one who told him
aiyamihawi mozôbial prayer beads
ahlap pl ahlapak a net, a fishnet
aiyamihawintowôgan pl
ahlapôbi pl ahlapôbial a net line aiyamihawintowôganal a hymn
ahlapika cobwebs; there are many nets
ahlgoakweb that which was said to all ajali- impossible
of you
ai be present in some place; live
somewhere ajalitôzik one is unable to do something
aiôba pl aiôbak a bull, adult male of ajaliton an impossible task
cleft-hoof ruminants, Cervidae and ajalitbihlôk impossible, that which is
Bovidae unable to happen
aiagô must be, must, have to, it needs ajwanôgan pl ajwanôganal a shield,
aiaga unless, if not something to hide behind
aiagaji will unless ajichiwi beside
akejokôn pl akejokônak a doll; a
sweetheart
aida- both
akemô pl akemôak louse

aida hesitation form, as um; both

akho- hang
aidawigôbalôn put standing on both
sides
aidawiwi on both sides akholimek one hangs someone
aik what is present, it is somewhere akhodôzik one hangs something
24
aki pl akial earth, land, ground, soil, akwôbigadek about the year, in the
world year
akigw pl akigwak a seal akwôbigek when so much
akigwawa pl akigwawak a seal skin akwôbigek chowagidamwôganal
according to the commandments
akigwawaiya of seal skin
akwôbosa it goes thus
akigwibemi seal oil
akwôbosaik the way it goes, the way
akikôn pl akikônal field
everything goes
akika plant, sow
akwôbsandak days of the week
akikamek one plants, one works the
akwôbtak marker of ordinal numbers
earth or soil
akwôbto stops making tracks, they
akkwajala exclamation of astonishment
stops leaving a trail
or surprise
akwômamek one stops fishing
akokw pl akokwak a kettle
akwôtbamômek one stops bothering
aksen pl aksenak an ox <Eng. oxen
someone
akwôwzimek one stops living
akw- stop, cease
akwadialimek one stops hunting
akwakamek one stops throwing
akwôb- according to, in such a akwaldimek when people hate each
time, manner, so much, thus other
akwalmômek one hates someone
akwôbabit marker of ordinal numbers akwalmit pl akwalmijik one who hates
akwôbatbaozimek one tangle ones self me
so much, as much as one tangles self up akwalgawôgan hatred, dislike
akwôbagimômek the date, one counts akwalokamek one stops working
so much
akwamadôzik when one feels that
akwôbakka this time last year something is sore or hurt
akwôdawamek one stops climbing akwamadam something feels sore or
akwôbegisgak about such a time of day hurt
akwôbi so much akwamalsimek one feels sick, feels bad
akwôbi kistôzik according to the akwamalsit pl akwamalsijik a sick
decision person

25
akwamalsowôgan pl akwi stop, cease; do not
akwamalsowôganal an illness, a akwbaghikamek one stops throwing
disease water
akwamalsowigamigw pl akwiklolômek one stops talking to
akwamalsowigamigol a hospital someone
akwamamômek when one feels that akwinôgw appears rough, disagreeable
someone is sore or hurt
akwipogwat it taste bitter or strong
akwamama feel that someone is hurt;
they feels that someone is hurt akwipon it is a bitter winter

akwamamgwak an injury, what hurts, akwidahômegwzowôgan dislike

pain akwi toji wizaka don’t be in such a
akwamamgwat it is injured, sore, or hurry
hurt akwitakwôgoo a bitter fall, it is a rough
akwamamgwezit when they is injured, fall or autumn
sore, or hurt akwitan the current stops, there is no
akwamamgwezo they is injured, sore, current; it is a rough current
or hurt akwitbidahômômek one stops thinking
akwamto they is rough by nature, they of someone
acts tough akwitbidahômômek one stops thinking
akwan birch bark; bitter acrid of someone

akwapskw pl akwapskol a grave stone akwitta do not

akwaskolômek one sets a net akwjabit pl akwejabijik one who is

left over or remaining
akwaskoligan pl akwaskoliganal a
rectangular fish net having one side akwjada remains, it is left over, it
which is pegged close to the shore and remains
the other side pulled in by cords akwjadak pl akwejagadakil leftovers,
akwazik that which stops that which remains, that which is left
over
akwazokamek one stops making a
(vocal) noise akwkikamek one stops planting

akwbi hard liquor akwkikan stopping the planting

akwchowalmegwak what is no longer akwlôk when stops raining

needed akwlôn it stops raining
akwchowalmegwat it stops being akwlomawômek one assigns someone
needed to something
akwegômek one stops dancing akwsenamek one is rough, disagreeable

26
akwtahômek one attacks, drives out, alôgihlôk what is shaped or bent, it is
strikes hard curved
alôgihlôt one who is bent or curved
al- as, how, like, the way that alôgihlômek one takes a shape, is bent
or curved, becomes shaped

alôôta an iron put in a pig's nose to

limit rooting <Fr. aller en nez alôgo- related
alôbait appearance, the way that one
looks
alôgodamawômek one is related to
alôbak how it is at dawn something of someone; related by
alôbakihlômek one swings something; family, or clan
a social dance in which all dancers join alôgodamwôgan a relation, a
hands in a circle and each swings his relationship, being related
partner
alôgomôhôdit those who are related to
alôbimek one looks at something in a us; our relations
certain way
alôgomômek one is related to someone;
alôdawaik pl alôdawaikil climbing a relative
beans, what climbs
alôgomô they is related to him
alôdawasit pl alôdawasijik a tree toad,
alôgoma be related to someone; they is
one who climbs
related to someone
alôdebasinemek head of a bed, where
alôgomit one who is related to me or us,
one lays the head
our relative
alôdokaokoakw the way they told us
alôgomok one who I am related to
alôdokasihidit the way they talked
alôdowaa the way I speak (as to voice a
alôm- inside; under water
language)
alôdowat the way he speaks
alômabizowan pl alômbizownal a slip,
alôgihlôk how it is shaped
an under-petticoat
alôgmapozimek one skates
alômadôpskw pl alômadôpskwak
female bear carrying young
alôgi- (lôgi-) bend alômakwam heartwood, the heart of a
tree

alôgidôzik one bends something alômakwikwa roaming in the woods

alômbagwa underwater
27
Alômbagwinnosis pl alômki cave, inside the ground; a cave,
Alômbagwinnosisak a little mythical cellar, Hell
underwater person alômkinakw pl alômkinakok the
alômbida there are teeth inside inside of a turtle shell
alômdona inside of mouth, inside the alômolagwa the hold, it is in the hold of
mouth a ship
alômpemik in oil, that which is in oil
alômgi- (lômgi-) spread or
sprinkle alômps- (lômps-) decorate

alômgiatigamek one spreads or alômpskaôzik what is decorated

sprinkles a powdery substance
alômpskaôzimek one is decorated
alômgiatigat one who works at
spreading a powdery substance alômpskahigamek one decorates
something
alômgiatôzik one spreads a powdery
substance on something alômpskahletwôgan act of decorating

alômhaga the inside of the body, one's alômpskihlômek one becomes pimply
insides
alômhlapiwi in the bushes, in a net, in a alômpt- (lômpt-) make tracks
web
alômi inside
alômptôzik one makes tracks
alômigokamek one gums the inside of
alômptasimek one leaves a trail
a canoe
alômptasit ones trail, one whose trail it
alômigokan gumming the inside of a
is
canoe
alômptok tracks, a trail that is left, what
alômigwôma the inside a house
is tracked
alômiwi in, inside; under, underneath
alômsagw pl alômsagol a room, a
alômiwiabapskedak in the stove cabin, a chamber, an apartment
alômkôzik what is put underneath alômsagwihlasis pl alômsagwihlasisak
alômkôzik peljes pl alômkôzikkil canary, a whinchat , little parlor bird
peljesal long johns, under pants alômsagwsis pl alômsagwsisal
alômkasat one who walks underground bedroom, a little room
or in the ground as a spiritual
practitioner

28
alômsawaiyas pl alômsawaiyasak a alôwzikhozimek one makes oneself
pistol, a revolver, the little inside the live
clothes one alôwzimek one is alive; the way one
alômsek pl alômsekkil wind, that lives
which blows ala or
alômtak inside, what is inside alabdak heat, that which is warm
alôntegwilha pl alôntegwilhak a wood alabika fat inside the body
duck sits and rides the waves, Aix
sponsa alabit a marker of ordinal numbers

alôtegônamôt wake, the V-shaped wake alach amen, let it be so

of a swimming bird aladaôbit pl aladaôbijik what they sees
alôtegwik wavy, it (the water) is wavy, aladakamek behavior, the way one acts
that which is wavy
aladegwahigamek one sews
aladbak vine, what spirals, a vine,
alôwa- (lôwad-) value runner
aladialimek hunting technique, the way
alôwadôzik what has value one hunts

alôwadik how it is valued, what it is

worth alag- in the direction of, towards
alôwadit how he is valued, what he is
worth, pl the ways he is valued
alagimômek as one counts; the days of
month
alôwigô- (lôwigô-) point alagimgwak marker of ordinal numbers
for written things, as chapters, sections,
articles, what it is counted or numbered
alôwigôlômek one points their finger at
someone alagimkwat as he is counted, what he is
numbered
alôwigôtôzik one points at something
alagisôzik as they are made
alôwigôdamawômek one points their
finger at something of someone alagwôbihlômek one looks toward
something, in one direction
alagwahalôwat pl alagwahalôwajik a
alôwz- (lôwz-) life, live salary; the amount one is valued
alagwalgit the direction or vicinity
alôwzikhômek one makes someone live where one is taking a walk
alagwamhômek the way one cheats
29
alagwelômsek the direction the wind alalzimek oneself
blows Alamas Mass
alagwenek aim, one aims it, points it alamaska they says Mass; a funeral
alagwhlazik padôgiwigi lightning, in Mass
the direction where thunder resides alamaskaigamigw pl
alagwi towards, in direction of, in the alamaskaigamigol a chapel, Mass-
manner of, the way that something saying-house
seems alamikawômek one greets someone
alagwipaiô trajectory, the way they Alamikhôwadimek New year's day
comes, they comes that way
Alamikhôwadin New Year's Day, the
alagwipaiômek one’s trajectory, the Greeting each other time, celebrating
way one comes New Year's Day
alagwihlôk that which flies there Alamikos January, greetings maker
alagwinôgwak in the direction it alamizi be glad, be thankful, amuse
appears yourself
alagwitak where the current is, the way alamizimek one is grateful or glad
the current lies
alamizwôgan gratitude
alagwitemak a channel, where the deep
water is alamizwidahômgwat it makes one feel
thankful for something, it makes one feel
alagwokôt partisan, one is of a political hopeful about something
party
alamtot how one acts, ones way of
alagwtôgwat the way it sounds doing things
alahôdoimek how one is acting; what Alan Ellen
one is doing
alaskana pl alaskanak a wolverine
alakws pl alakwsak a star
alatstak a dye, that which is dyed or
Alakwsôwdi the Milky Way, the star colored
road, path to the stars
alawibaak caliber
alaldak what one thinks
alchwalda as they wants, the way they
alaldama as I think wants
alalemegwsiakw destiny, what is alchwaldam as they wants something,
decided or destined for us the way they likes something
alalokaa my deeds, what I do, how I
work
al- dead, stagnant, still
alalokat a worker, one works so

30
alebata dead water, stagnant water aligedait pl aligedaijik a snapping
turtle, the way one jumps, the jumper
alego go downstream with the current,
shoot the rapids aligek how it is, the way that it is
alegwasimek how one dreams aligen that it grows; how it grows
alegisgak the weather, how the day is aligimek the way one is; the way one
looks
alhagôt a figure, a build, how ones
body is; one who is shaped so
alhla moz a cow moose aligwô- (ligwô-) sew
alhla pl alhlak a female or cow of the
ungulate species
aligwônsamek one sews
alhodaswik ktologw cargo boat,
aligwôzik one sews something
transport ship
ali that, because, how; going to
aligw- (ligw-) bleed
alidôzik the way that it is made
alidôzit the way that one is made
aligwagiadôzik one stains something
alidahômômek the way one thinks
with blood
about someone
aligwagiahlômek one bleeds
alidahômdôzik the way one thinks
about something aligwagialômek one bleeds someone
alidahôdamômek the way one thinks
about something of someone’s aligwa- (ligwa-) roll
alidahôzimek how one thinks, reflects,
considers, imagines
aligwahlômek one rolls
alidahôzwôgan imagination,
methodology aligwakawômek pl aligwakawômekil
a bicycle, what one makes roll
alidegwômek a portrait, a picture of a
face, one likens a face, one portrays aligwanômek one rolls someone by
hand
alidegwaôt a picture, the way that one
sees you, my or your picture aligwanôzik one rolls something by
hand
aligadek the way that the year is
aligwasamek one faces the way they
aligawaak the growth rings of wood;
are going
the grain of wood; the way that it grows
aligwigwek the size, dimension, or
aligedamek the way that one jumps
mass that something has
aligedahimek how one jump
alihlôk the way that it goes
31
alijwabimek one sells alitak where there is a current; in the
current
alijwabit pl alijwabijik a merchant,
one who sells alitatasimek a collection; taking up the
collection in church
alikô rotten, it is rotten
alitatasowôgan a collection
aliklozimek the way one talks, an
accent alitasimek one falls down
alikws pl alikwsak an ant, a pismire alitbakeb the way it happened
alinôgwak appearance, the way that it alitbakka last night
looks, how it looks alitbihlôt as it happened to him, what
alinôgwzimek ones appearance happened to him
alinôgwzowôgan appearance alitbihla as it happens, how it happens
alinnoit the kind of person that one is; alitok how he makes it
one is like alitta just as
alintomek how one sings aliwidôzik how one tells it
ali-nkihlôt the west, westward; at, to, aliwihlômek the way someone names
from the west him
ali-nkihlôt wji pmôwzowinnoak the aliwihlômek one names someone in a
western people; people from or of the certain way; the way one names
west something
ali-paskwat the south; from the south aliwihlegot how they names him
ali-paskwat wji pmôwzowinnoak the aliwihogwa how I name him
southern people; people from or of the
south aliwitamakw how we tell it

alibotôzik violin, that which one rubs aliwizia my name, how I am called or
back and forth; a violin; a mouth organ named

alijoak the way the current is aliwizit as one is called, as we name

someone
alipaktaa how I pound it
Alizôbat Elizabeth
alipaktaha pound it (as in pounding ash
for splints) alizit what happens to him, what
becomes of him
alipen pl alipenak elephant <Eng.
elephant alkabi sit so

alipiakw how we eat, our meal alkamigak the way it is

alipimek pl alipimekil a meal alkannit how one travels

aliskwaimek how a woman's face is alkwazik the way that it sounds

32
 almagwanosamek one disappears, one
progressively goes until hidden
alm- continuing, going farther
almaka they keeps throwing; they
continues to grow
almôgamak up the lake, continuing
almakada the fire is progressing, a
through the lake
forest fire grows; if he continues to
almôka the slope continues, the hill is throw; let us continue to throw
still going up or down
almakannimek one continues to travel
almôkihla they continues uphill
almakannit a traveler, one who
Almôn pl Almônak A German <Fr. continues to travel
Allemand
almakanno they continues to travel;
they keeps traveling
almô- continue or go underground almakiwiga far away, as far as the land
goes
almakiwik that which is far away
almônkasat one who walks in the
ground (a power of some spiritual almamkahômek one makes something
practitioner) penetrate, works to penetrate
almônska pl almônskak a mole, little almamkaha make something penetrate;
underground worker they makes something penetrate
almônskasit pl almônskasijik a mole, almamkaniga plant or transplant a
little one who works underground seedling; they plants a seedling
Almônki Germany almamkanigamek what one plants or
transplant a seedling in or with
almôdam aging, they is getting old
almamkanigan a transplanting tool
almôwzimek one continues to live
almamtahôzimek one pounds
almôwzi continue to live
something (like a stake)
almôwzit a lifetime, while one lives, in
almamtahôzo it or they is pounded in
ones lifetime
almamtahiga driving something is
almôwzo they continues to live
(such as a nail)
almadenasek a mountain range, where
almamtahigamek one drives something
the mountains extend
in (such as a nail)
almagôwat remember, Oh I remember!
almamtahigan pl almamtahiganal a
almagannimek one dispatches driving in tool, a hammer
almagwanosa they disappears, goes almamtazik what penetrates, sticks in,
hidden or penetrates something

33
almegômek one continues dancing almitbihlôk afterwards; a short while
late; as it continues to be
almega continue to dance; they keeps
dancing almitbihla they or it continues
almegisga during the day almitôzik one continues to make
something
almelôgwihlôk during the night; later
on tonight almito continue to make something;
they continues to make something
almesaktak a corridor; a stretch of floor
ahead almitta just as soon as
almokwabimek one sits with back
turned
almi continuing in time, space, or
action; later on almokwabi sit with back turned
almokwabo they sits with her back
turned
almidoo they is flying away; they has
flown away almokweni in the time to come

almigadek during a year almos pl almosak a dog; the cock or

hammer of a gun
almikôdosamek one walks out of sight
almosa go away; they walks away
almikôdosa walk out of sight; they
walks out of sight almosaik that which goes away

almikôdosaa when I walk out of sight almosamek one goes or walks away

alminkamosa they goes out of sight; go almosao it travels; they is going

out of sight (said of the moon and sun almosat one who goes away
when setting)
almosis pl almosisak a little dog, a
alminkamosamek one goes out of puppy; a ladybug, Coccinellidae family
sight; one disappears walking
almosiskwa pl alemosiskwak a female
alminto continue to sing; they continues dog
to sing
almosiwibid pl alemosiwibidal
almintomek one continues singing witchgrass, dog tooth, Agropyron repens
almisaosa they is in the process of almosiya dog meat
going out; continue to go out, keep going
out
almisaosamek one continues to go out, aln- common, ordinary, native,
one is on their way out usual
almisaosat one who is one their way
out (said of a departing chief)

34
Alnôba pl Alnôbak a human; a Alnôbaionigan pl Alnôbaioniganal an
Abenaki person determined by speech Indian portage or carry
and feeling of relationship Alnôbaiôzowôgan The Incarnation; the
Alnôbaôdwa speak Abenaki birthing of a life, birth; an Indian life
Alnôbaôdwawôgan the Abenaki Alnôbaiphanem pl Alnôbaiphanemok
language; speaking the Abenaki an Indian woman
language Alnôbaisigwnigan pl
Alnôbaabi sit Indian style Alnôbaisigwniganal a reservation,
Indian land that is saved or set aside
Alnôbaabimek one sits Indian style
one sits with legs crossed Alnôbaiskweda pl Alnôbaiskwedaal a
fever sore, a cold sore; an Indian's fire
Alnôbaabit one who sits Indian style
Alnôbaitipwabel Indian pepper, snake
Alnôbaabo they sits Indian style
root, wild ginger, Asarum canadense
Alnôbaaki pl Alnôbaakial Abenaki
Alnôbaiwi in the Indian way; speaking
land
the Abenaki language
Alnôbaasolkwôn pl Alnôbaasolkwônal
Alnôbaiwitôzik it is names in Abenaki
an Abenaki hat
alnôbaiwito they names something in
Alnôbagômek Abenaki dancing
Abenaki
alnôbaga Indian dance; they dances an
Alnôbaiwigwôm pl Alnôbaiwigwômal
Abenaki dance
an Indian house
Alnôbai be Abenaki, be a human being;
Alnôbaiwinos pl Alnôbaiwinosak a
be born
wild onion, Allium
Alnôbaiki pl Alnôbaikial a reservation,
Alnôbaiwizwôgan pl
Abenaki land, an Indian's land
Alnôbaiwizwôganal an Indian name
Alnôbailowôwzowôgan an Indian
Alnôbakhadin an Indian gathering with
custom, living in the Indian way
dancing, a dance event that one attends
Alnôbaimenahan pl
Alnôbasis pl Alnôbasisak an Indian
Alnôbaimenahanol an Indian island
child, a small Indian
Alnôbaimolôgwimen pl
Alnôbawôgan human nature,
Alnôbaimolôgwimenal a wild grape
Indianness; birth
Alnôbainôgwak a thing that looks
Alnôbawôwzowôgan an Indian custom,
Indian
an Abenaki way of living
Alnôbainôgwzid one who looks Indian
alnôbi barely visible
Alnôbainiben Indian summer
alnôbimek one is barely visible, hard to
Alnôbaiodana pl Alnôbaiodanaal an see
Indian village
35
alnôbo they is hard to see alni ordinary, common, usual; silly
Alnôdwa speak Indian; they speaks alniki very common
Indian alni-temahigan pl alni-temahiganal a
alnôdwamek one speaks Indian tomahawk
alnômek one sniffs something, one alnibiaa I paddle in the Indian or the
draws something into his nose ordinary manner
alna sniff something; they sniffs alnidahôdam they thinks something
something ordinary
Alnabôn pl Alnabônak Indian bread Alnigamigw pl Alnigamigol an Indian
house, wigwam, an ordinary dwelling
alnahlakw pl alnahlakok iron,
common metal alnigisgat a weekday, an ordinary day
alnahlakwôbi pl alnahlakwôbial a alnimen pl alnimenal a wild berry
wire; an iron string; an iron chain alnisedi pl alnisediak hemlock,
alnahlakwôwdi pl alnahlakwôwdial a common evergreen boughs; eastern
railway hemlock, Tsuga canadensis
alnaka do or throw in the ordinary or alnitta just for fun
natural way; on the right side or alnitta idôzik one jokes, one says
direction; they throws the natural way something just for fun
alnakabitawimek one sits on the right alnitta ida joke; they jokes
side
alnitta idak when one jokes
alnakahaka throw right handed
alniwizo Indian-named, they is
alnakaiwi right side; to the right commonly named
alnakaiya on or of the right hand alohôwadimek one argues
alnakamek one throws the natural way; alohôwado they argues (with others)
one throws to the right side or in the
right direction aloka do, work

alnakan throwing in the ordinary way alokaôtôzik one works it, one works at
it
Alnakhadin Indian dance gathering, an
ordinary dance alokamega a workday, when one works

alnakwam pl alnakwamak an ordinary alokamek one works, one makes

tree alokamimek one orders
alnakwam pl alnakwamal ordinary alokami order
wood
alokan working
alnamagw pl alnamagok a chub, a
alokat pl alokajik a worker
dace, a common fish
36
alokawôgan pl alokawôganal a job, alsano they is that strong; how strong
working, a work or labor, a task, an they is
action alsawômek pl alsawômekil what one
alokawôt pl alokawôjik an employer puts on, clothing
alokawinno pl alokawinnoak an alsawat clothing, one that one dresses
employee, a working person with
alosa go, walk alsedôzik what one learns by hearing
something
alosadasi transport
alsedak what one learns by hearing, as
alosadasimek one transports something
one hears (in the sense of what
alosadasit pl alosadasijik a transporter, information one hears)
one who transports
alsedam they learns something by
alosamek one goes, one walks hearing
alosat one who goes alsedama what I learn by hearing; what
alpôn pl alpônak an acre <Fr. arpent I am told

alpôn ki an acre of land alsedawômek one learns by hearing or

listening to someone
alpôwlimek one is frightened
alsedawa learn by hearing someone;
alpôwlit pl alpôwlijik a frightened one, they learns by listening to someone
one who is frightened
alsek the way that it is lying
alpôwlo they is frightened
alsi pl alsial water weeds
alpadaika there are many stagnant
water places alsidôt a foot mold for shoe making, as
ones foot is
alpapoldiagw the way the people play
Alsigôntegw St. Francis River, empty
alpapoldiagweb the way the people cabin river
used to play
Alsigôntegwi pl Alsigôntegwiak a St.
als pl alsak a clam; a shellfish; a Francis Indian, Abenaki of Odanak
mollusk; an oyster; a mussel
alsikezôbo pl alsikezôboal clam soup
alsôwaik sawgrass, what cuts, the
cutter, Cladium mariscoides alsik the way in which one is lying
down; how one lies
alsaktak floor or level of a building
alsidasinmek the foot of a bed, where
alsania how strong I am one lays their feet
alsanimek how strong one is altôgwadokaik rumors
alsanit one who is that strong altôgwak what is heard, the way that
something sounds; the news; a rumor

37
altôgwzit what one said; how one amiskwbi pl amiskwbial a beaver pond
sounds amiskwôgan pl amiskwôganal a
altegwak how the river is beaver tool (used for breaking through
beaver houses)
alwa almost
Amiskwôlowôko Beavertail Hill, MT
alwatta really almost
Amiskwôlowôkoiak Beavertail Hill
alwigwômwik a story, floor, or level of
people
a house
Amiskwinno Beaver Clan, a beaver
alzawat a mouse, the gnawer
person
amalkia when I step on something
amkwôn pl amkwônak a spoon; a
amalkimek one walks or treads on personal belt cup; a small bark dipper
something
amkwônham eat with a spoon; they
amalko they walks of treads on eats something with a spoon
something
amkwôninoda pl amkwôninodaal a
spoon bag (a bag or basket in which
amals- health, be feeling spoons are kept)
physically, be in a certain state of amochka even, at all
health amochkatta even if only
anabi pl anabial coat <Fr. un habit
amalsia I feel, I am in certain state of
health
anak- spread out
amalsimek ones health (how one feels
physically)
amalso they feels (a certain state of anakôgan pl anakôganal a rug or
health) carpet, a spread thing
amanta would that; I would be pleased anaka spread something or someone
if out (as a blanket); make a bed on the
ground
amasol pl amasolal a dugout canoe, a
wooden canoe; a rowboat anakamek one spreads, one works at
spreading something or someone out
amasolijo pl amasolijoal a dugout, a
wooden dugout canoe anakwiga many trees grow up, it grows
up to trees
Amelain Emeline
anakwsi pl anakwsial a ground cloth
amis pl amisak a pet; one's dog <Fr.
ami (friend) anasiat pl anasiatal a dish, a plate <Fr.
une assiette
amiskw pl amiskwak a beaver

38
anaskamôn pl anaskamônal a anawitôzo it is repaired, it is corrected
medallion; metal clothing; a decoration; anawito correct or repair something;
a disc; a gorget; a chief's medal they repairs something
anaskebagôn pl anaskebagônal a red anawitawômek one pays someone back
or black oak acorn for something, one makes something
anaskemen pl anaskemenal a red or correct with something
black oak acorn anawitawa pay back someone,
anaskemezi pl anaskemeziak a red or recompense, repay; they repays someone
black oak tree, Quercus rubra, Quercus anegi after, soon after; a little while ago
velutina
anegitta as soon as
aneskamôn pl aneskamônal a brooch,
anawi- correct, repaired, in a breastpin, a clasp, a badge
original condition
angita immediately, just as soon as
anhaldôzik one forgives something
anawihla they or it is restored or
corrected anhalda forgive; forget it

anawikloswôgan justification, a anhaldam forgive something; they

correcting word forgives something

anawipolômek one makes something anhaldamôgoakw one, those, or that

the correct shape, puts the correct shape which forgives all of you or us; the
on something (as a snowshoe, spoon, or thing, one, or ones that grant forgiveness
basket maker would do) Anhaldamôwadimek New Year's Day,
anawipolôt one who puts the correct people forgive each other; forgiveness
shape on something time

anawipola put the correct shape on anhaldamôwadwôgan a pardon,

something; they makes or molds it in forgiveness
the correct shape Anhaldamôwikizokw New Year's Day,
anawiptôzik one quickly restores forgiveness day
something anhaldamaswôgan absolution
anawipto they quickly corrects anhaldamawôgan pl
something; quickly restore something to anhaldamawôganal the act of
its proper condition forgiving someone
anawitôgwzowôgan a reward anhaldamawômek one forgives
anawitôwadwôgan atonement someone of something

anawitôzik one repairs something anhaldamawadin the act of people

forgiving one another

39
anhaldamawi forgive me aodowôgan pl aodowôganal a war, a
fight
anhaldamawi kasi palilawaolan (the
New Year’s greeting) forgive me all the aodownômek one beats someone
wrong I have done you aodowna beat someone; they beats
Anhaldamawikizos January, someone
Forgiveness Month aodowôgan chantak an armistice, the
anhaldamawit one who forgives me or war is stopped
us of something apanakes pl apanakesak a marten,
anibi pl anibiak an elm tree, American Martes sp.
elm, Ulmus Americana
anibiika many elms, an abundance of apch- (apt-) against, opposed
elm trees
anibis pl anibisak a small elm
apchi against
apchigôbi oppose, stand against, take
anig- become covered with plant opposition
growth
apchigôbimek one who stands against
someone or something
anigen it (the land) grows up with apchigôbit an opponent, one who
vegetation stands against something or someone
anigo they (a mountain) grows up with apchigôwadimek people oppose
vegetation eachother, are in in opposition to
anikwses pl anikwsesak a chipmunk eachother
antigw pl antigwal a knitted cap <Fr. apchigôwadwôgan opposition
une tuque apchigôzik one protests
apchigôzit pl apchigôzijik an enemy,
aod- fight one who opposes, an opponent (in a
game or war)
apchigôzo it or they is protested against
aodaok at the back of something, the
last in line apchigôzwinno pl apchigôzwinnoak
an opponent, an antagonist, an enemy, a
aodi fight, make war person who opposes
aodimek one fights; making war apchigawômek one opposes someone,
aodin fighting acts against someone
aodo they fights apchigawa oppose someone; they acts
against someone
40
apchigek that which is opposed aplesisakwam pl aplesisakwamak a
crab apple tree
apchigek wji llagidamwôgan that
which is unnatural, that which is
opposed to the law apt- (apch-) against, facing,
apchigi disagree, be opposed, be against opposed
apchigit one who is opposed
apchigwasen the wind opposes, it is a aptlômsen headwind, there is a
headwind headwind, an opposing wind
apchiwi opposite, on an opposing side
apen pl apenak an Indian potato, Apios asôb- (sôb-) transparent, see
tuberosa; a testicle through
apenis pl apenisak a ground nut, an
Indian potato, Apios tuberosa
asôbôbimek one sees through
apihan pl apihanak a rope, a cord something
apikôn pl apikônal a string asôbadôzik one bites through
something
apkw- cover asôbakw pl azôbakok sagebrush,
Labrador tea, Ledum groenlandicum
asôbakwis pl asôbakwisak a little
apkwôgan pl apkwôganal a roof Labrador tea, little bog plants
apkwa cover the house, act at roofing; asôbaldôzik one thinks something true
they roofs
asôbalokamek one works well, works
apkwamek one roofs, one builds a roof thoroughly
apkwasen something lies on something asôbamegwak transparent thing; a
apkwasimon pl apkwasimonak a screen cloth
pillow asôbaskidôbaimek one is an honest,
apkwasimoninoda pl true natured man
apkwasimoninodaal pillow case, asôbaskimek one is of a true nature,
pillow bag honest
apkwasin someone lies on something asôbidahômômek one sees through
aples pl aplesak an apple <Eng. Apples someone (distrusts them)
aplesakwam pl aplesakwamak an asôbidahômôt the one who we see
apple tree through, one who is not trusted
aplesis pl aplesisak a crab apple, a asôbitahômek one makes a hole
small apple through something, strikes through
41
asen pl asenal stone
asenakw dead dry wood asigel- loose, widely spaced,
Asenebi Assinippi, Mass, rock water coarse
Asenek Assonet River also Cedar
Swamp and village, Mass, dead dry asigelôbageniga they braids loosely
wood, or at the place of rock
asigelôbagenigamek one braids loosely
ases pl asesak a horse <Eng. horses
asigelôbagenigan pl
asesiya horsemeat asigelôbageniganal a loose braid
asesigamigw pl asesigamigol a horse asigelademômek one weaves (a
stable snowshoe) coarsely
asesis pl asesisak a colt, a small horse asigeladema weave coarsely; they
aseswôbial a harness, a horse string weaves coarsely

aseswakesen pl aseswakesenal a asigelakwamiga thin growth of trees

horseshoe asigelenômek one thins someone out
asesochi pl asesochial horse manure (such as trees)

aseswimen pl aseswimenal an oat, a asigelenôzik one thins something out

horse berry (such as bushes)
asigelena thin something or someone
out (such as bushes, or trees)
asi- dip water
asigeligek something that is widely
spaced, thinned out, a coarsely meshed
asibôjo pl asibôjok bailer, a bark or or woven
wooden pail for dipping water or bailing asigeligit one who is widely spaces,
out a boat thinned out, coarsely meshed or woven
asiba dip water, or dip something in asigen it is thinned out (said of bushes)
water; they dips something in the water,
they dips for water asigo they is thinned out (as in a grove
of trees)
asibamek one dips for water, one dips
something into the water asihigan pl asihiganal a dipping
implement, a water dipper; a dip net for
asibaghômek one dips someone into fishing
the water, or splashes someone with
water asimawômek one dips water for
someone
asibagha splash someone with water;
they splashes someone asimawa dip for someone, give
someone a drink
asibaghi splash me with water

42
asimawit one who dips water for me or askami forever, always
us askamimôgwat that which gives off a
scent forever
asin- enclose, shut in Askaminnowit The Eternal One, one
who is eternal
askamiwi always, eternally, forever,
asinakwapla tie or snatch up into an
hensforth
enclosure (as done by spiritual
practitioner’s assistant during shake tent askamosawôgan gone forever
ceremony) askan pl askanak an antler, a horn, a
asinakwaplemômek one ties someone powder horn, a horn rattle
in an enclosure askanôbi pl askanôbial a powder horn
asinakwaplemôt one who is enclosed, string
tied in (the spiritual practitioner in a
shake tent or conjuring lodge)
askaskw- green
asinakwaplema he ties someone in an
enclosure
asinakwapligan pl asinakwapliganal a askaskwatsôzik one colors something
spiritual practitioner's lodge, a tied green
enclosure askaskwatsigan pl askaskwatsiganal a
asinapanes pl asinapanesak lock of a green dye
gun, a small enclosed pan <Wab. + Eng. askaskwatsowa dye someone green
pan
askaskwi green
asiya fish with a dip net
askaskwigek the green one, the thing
that is green
askam- always askaskwigen it is green
askaskwigit one who is green
askamôwzi live forever askaskwigo they is green
askamôwzimek one lives forever askaskwihla it or they becomes green
askamôwzit one who lives forever askaskwisezowôzo they or it is painted
askamôwzowôgan living forever, green
eternal life askaskwisezowigan pl
askamalmegwzowôgan eternal askaskwisezowiganal green paint
damnation Askaskwiwajoak the Green Mountains,
askamat forever afterwards, henceforth, Vermont
from that time on
43
askawôbimek one waits and watches asma aodimokw before the war
askawôbit one who waits and watches asma pezdannogw before dark
askawôldimek watch each other asokw pl asokol a cloud; the sky
askawihômek one waits for someone or asokwat it is cloudy
expects someone asokwatoso it is slightly cloudy
askawihi wait for me asolkwôn pl asolkwônal a hat or a cap
askawitôzik one waits for something,
one expects something
asp- of a certain size; wide open
askawlôbowômek one waits and watch
for someone
askimo they eats fresh or raw food (folk aspôgisit the size of the moon; the stage
etymology of Eskimo) or phase of the moon
askitamegis pl askitamegisak an aspôlagw pl aspôlagok a hole of such a
Indian cucumber-root, a small cucumber, width, a wide open hole
one who tastes fresh, Medeola virginiana aspôlagwedon pl aspôlagwedonal a
askitamek pl askitamekil a cucumber, wide open mouth
one that tastes fresh, Cucumis sativus aspagek the size that it is, what size it is
askitamiwajapkw pl askitamiwajapkol aspagit the size that one is
a wild cucumber, fresh tasting root,
Medeola virginiana aspilja hand size, a certain sized hand

askodamawômek one signals someone

with a gun aspon- parsimonious, stingy,
askodamawa signal someone with a frugal
gun; they signals someone with a gun
askodamawit one who signals me or us asponôwzi live frugally
with a gun
asponôwzimek one lives frugally
askwa still, yet
asponôwzo they lives frugally
askwa awasiwi furthermore, moreover,
still further asponôwzowôgan living
parsimoniously
askwa mina still yet, moreover
asponiwi stingily, frugally
askwatta even yet, even still
askwedait pl askwedaijik ghost light,
one who is still here, ignis fatuus, will- ass- encourage, influence by
o'-the-wisp teaching, or by example
asma never, not yet, before
44
assesmi encourage someone to drink atôgwhiga grind something in a mortar;
they grinds something in a mortar
assesmimek one encourages someone
to drink; one learns to drink by atôgwhigamek one grinds something in
someone’s example a mortar
assesmo they is encouraged to drink atôgwhigan pl atôgwhiganal a mortar
for grinding
assia encourage
atômeniga bend a frame; they bends a
assialokaa when I am encouraged to
frame
work
atômenigamek one bends a frame
assialokamek one is encouraged work
atômenigan pl atômeniganal a frame
assidakwtahôdit they crucify her
bending tool
assidakwtahômek one crucifies
atôzik the exit door of a muskrat house
someone, one strikes someone to wood
as a example athlit one who tells me or us something
somewhere (at some time)
assidakwtahômgeb they was crucified
athlok the one who I tell something
assidakwtaha crucify someone; they
somewhere (at some time)
crudifies someone, they strikes them to
wood as an example athon pl athonak a breechcloth
assipo encouraged to eat, urged to eat athosoan pl athosoanak a breechcloth
assiosat one who is encouraged to go Atian Stephen
atigwahôdo deer spirit-power
asta- prick, stab Atigwahôdowinno Deer Clan, a deer
spirit-power person
atlôgwiwi in evening
astahômek one stabs someone
atmikôgan pl atmikôganal gouge
astahôt one who stabs someone
ato probably, perhaps, occasionally,
astaha stick, stab, or prick someone;
could be
they stabs someone
Atoan Anthony
astahigan pl astahiganal a harpoon, a
spear, a stabbing instrument atodosaha I walk past
astawômek one stabs atodosamek pl atodosamekil an aisle
astawa they stabs atojidoit when he flies by, he who flies
by
astawat pl astawajik a thorn, one who
stabs, the stabber, a pricker atojigit they who is like that, he is like
that
atotlômsen blow, it blows so
45
 awôganakwam pl awôganakwamal a
bait stick
atow- together
awôssis pl awôssisak child, infant
awôssisamto childish, he acts like a
atowis ring-and-pin game, little
child; he is childish
altogether
awôssisihla become childish
atowiwi together, all together in space
or time awôssisoo he is a child, he is young
awôssisoit child, the one who is a child,
he is a child, he is young
ats- color, dye
awôssiswôgan infancy
awôssiswiodeb pl awôssiswiodebal a
atsôzik what is colored, it is dyed
child's head
atsagema before in time

awaas a wild animal

atsakh- lock

awaasiya game meat

atsakha lock something
awaasis pl awaasisak a small wild
atsakhigan pl atsakhiganal a lock animal
atsakhozo it is locked awaasnodi pl awaasnodial a deer yard,
atsakhozwik that which is locked a moose yard, an animal bed

atsiga dye awaasowinno a wild person

atsigan pl atsiganal dye awaassa it is a wild animal

atso dye someone awaassoo they is a wild animal

atsowi dying someone

atsta it is colored, dyed awad- carry on back
attalkasimimek one bathes
attawitôzik wizôwibemi churn butter awadasa go carrying; they goes
carrying
atwiwi together, all together
awadasamek one goes carrying
awôgamek one baits something or
someone awadasat one who goes carrying

awôgan pl awôganal a bait (for animals awadnakwazi carry wood or sticks

in general) awadnakwazimek one carries wood or
sticks
46
awadnakwazo they carries wood or
sticks
awakôtôbamegwa unimportant, it is
awadnakwazit a beaver, one who seen as unimportant
carries wood
awakôthamômek one is irresponsible
awadnakwat pl awatnakwajik a wood
awakôthama irresponsible; they is
carrier
irresponsible
awadniga carry, carry away
awakôtkôzo they is carefree, happy-go-
awadnigamek one carries away lucky, irresponsible
awadnigan a carrying away tool awakôtsi slightly, in small amount or
awahôdo pl awahôdoak an unfavorable degree
spirit, a bad spirit; a teaser; an insect awakôtsitta hardly, barely
awahôdos pl awahôdosak a little spirit awaka use
one, a little bad spirit; a bug
awakakhômek one uses someone
awahôdosis pl awahôdosisak a little
awakakha use someone; they uses
spirit one; a little bad spirit; a non-flying
someone
insect
awakaktôzik one using something
awajoala carry on back
awakaktôzo it is used
awajoalat carrier, one who carries on
back, the carrier awakakto use something; they uses
something
awakamek one uses, one employs
awak- use, employ
awakan using; someone uses it
awakatôzik one uses something
awakôgan pl awakôganal tool, an
instrument, working thing awakatôzo it is used

awakôgan wji alkwlômsek wind vane, awakato use or employ something for
an instrument for the direction of wind something

awakôgan wji tôni nospabihidit awakatoak wôbikkil masksaal they

alakwsak astrolabe, an instrument for use white blankets
measuring the height of the stars awalôn drizzle, fine rain
awakôn pl awakônak a captive, a slave awala carry on back; they carries on her
back

awakôt- barely, hardly, in a small awalamek one carries on back

amount or degree, of little awalat pl awalajik a carrier, one who
importance carries on their back

47
awalsis pl awalsisak a yearling beaver, awanochwaki pl awanochwakial a
little one carried on back stranger's land (specifically white man's
land)
awanochwi in the white man's way or
awam- put on shoes, dress feet
language
awanochwigamigw pl
awami dress feet, put on shoes awanochwigamigol a white man's
awamimek one dresses feet, puts on house
shoes or socks Awanochwiskwaso The Queen
awamo they puts on shoes or socks awanochwiwi in the white man's way
awan air, fog, vapor (especially in the Frenchman's way or
language)
awan pidigatôzik one ventilates
something awanochwiwigwôm pl
awanochwiwigwômal a white man's
awan pidigato they ventilates house
something
awan wiwniwi wskitkamigwa
atmosphere, the air around the earth awas- beyond, on the other side,
over
awanebi fog water
awanesen it is breezy
awasaden the other side of the hill or
awani kdak other person
mountain
awani pl awanigik someone
Awasadenek Housatonic River, CT,
awanibenihla the wind falls beyond the mountain
awanihi someone's someone awasagiwi over beyond, on the other
awanoch pl awanochak someone side
(expressing contempt or disapproval), awasakwa beyond the woods
a stranger or white man
Awasadenek Housatonic River, CT and
awanochwôdwa they speaks a MA, at the over the mountain place
stranger’s language (especially French
Awasebi Ossipee River, NH and Maine,
but also used for English at times)
beyond the water
awanochwakesen pl
awasi beyond, farther
awanochwakesenal white man's shoes
awasiosi little beyond
awanochwakesenham wear a white
man's shoes (meaning to live like a white awasi saba after tomorrow
man in some way) awasiwesi little beyond, a little farther
on

48
awasiwi beyond, farther, more, over aweskôbizi move restlessly
awasiwi odanak beyond the village aweskôbizimek one moves restlessly
(toss in bed)
awasnaga across the island, the
opposite shore aweskôbizo they moves restlessly
awasnagi the opposite shore, the land aweskôlawômek one disturbs someone
on the other side aweskôlawa disturb someone; they
awasoniganek at the other end of the disturbs someone
carry aweskônôgwak chaos, what appears
Awasos pl awasosak a bear, The Bear, disturbing
Ursa Major, The Big Dipper aweskônôgwat it appears disturbing
Awasosamkwôn The Bear Spoon, Ursa aweskônômek one displaces or
Major, The Big Dipper someone
awasoswawa pl awasoswawal a bear aweskônôzik one displaces something
skin with fur
aweskôna displace it; they displaces
Awasoswimenahan Bear Island, Lake him or it
Winnipesaukee, NH
aweskônka make trouble for someone;
awasoswisata pl awasoswisatal bear they makes trouble for someone
blueberry, a high bush blueberry,
huckleberry, Gaylussacia baccata aweskônkamek one troubles someone

awasosibemi bear fat aweskônkat a trouble maker, one who

makes trouble for others
awasosimadagen pl awasosimadagenol
bear skin aweskônkawinno an agitator, a
troublemaker
aweskôwzi be in trouble, have trouble
awaz- heat, warm
aweskôwzimek one is in trouble, one
has problems
awazi warm yourself aweskôwzo they or it is troubled
awazimek one warms them self aweskahôdoo they moves about
awazo they warms herself restlessly
awazon pl awazonal fuel, a stick of aweskapodôzik one work something
firewood over by shaking or disturbing it
aweskapoda work something over,
shake or disturb something; they works
awes- disturbed, troubled,
something over (such as fluffing a
displaced, restless pillow, or shaking out laundry)

49
aweskapolômek one shakes or disturbs awigha mark, draw, write something;
someone they writes something
aweskapola shake or disturb someone awighigamek one marks or writes,
(such as waking someone up); they where/when one writes; a list, listing
shakes or disturbs someone awighigan pl awighiganal a book; a
aweskasa walk about restlessly letter
aweskasamek one walks about awighiganisaskak a book shelf
restlessly awighiganebi ink, book water
aweskadastiga shuffle; they shuffles awighiganigamigw pl
aweskadastigamek one shuffles awighiganigamigol a library
Aweskatôgwak The Tower of Babel awighiganigan pl awighiganiganal a
pencil
awighiganis pl awighiganisal a
awib- calm, peaceful
notebook, a small book
awighigawôgan writing
awibek that which is calm, a calm
awighigawôgan wlômasokôtôzik an
thing; when the water I calm
affidavit, one writes what they swear to
awiben it is calm, a calm; the water is be true
calm
awigihômek one appeases someone
awibenôwzi live peacefully
awigiha appease someone; they
awibenôwzimek one lives peacefully appeases someone
awibenôwzo they lives peacefully awikwimômek one calls to draw
awibenôwzowôgan a peaceful life someone

awibga when or if it is calm awikwimôt one who calls to draw

someone (as a moose call)
awinasaga tripe from moose stomach
awig- write, draw, mark
awip pl awipal pith, medulla, the center
wood of a stem of tree
awighômek one marks, one writes awizi pick or gather (as
awighôzik one writes something fruit or berries)
awighôzik sebôiwi <Fr. Adscript, what awizimek one picks or gathers
one writes along the edge
awizit one who picks or gathers, a
awighôzo it is written picker, a gatherer
awighôzwiya pl awighôzwiyak a awizo they picks or gathers
camera
50
awkôdhamôd pl awkôdhamôdak a azadasamek one walks backwards
crane, heron, great legged fowl, Gruidae azadasat the one who walks backwards,
Awkôdhamowinno Heron Clan, a heron he walks backwards
person azadenakwôzimek one daydreams
awkôji wawizwôgan nonsense, azadenakwôzit a daydreamer, he is
stupidity, a small amount of learning daydreaming
awkôtôgwzi stammer, stutter azadenakwôzo they daydreams
awkôtôgwzimek one stammers, azahômek one rejects someone
hesitates
azahôt one who rejects someone, they
awkôtôgwzo they stammers or hesitates who refuses him
(in speech)
azaha they refuses someone
awkôwôwzi enjoy self, have fun
azahadôzik one inhales something
awkôwôwzimek one enjoys life, lives
for fun azahadôzo it is inhaled

awkôwôwzo they enjoys life, they has azahado inhale; they inhales something
fun azahalômek one inhales someone,
ayôba moz a bull moose breathes someone in

Azô John azahala inhale; they inhales, breathes in

someone
azahazo recoil, it kicks backward (as a
az- cover gun)
azakwam pl azakwamal moss
azômpakhigan the lining a canoe, azakwamimskagw a moss-swamp
pulling canoe up rapids from the shore
azakwamki pl azakwamkial grey soil
azônakw smelling medicine bait for under moss, podzol soil
muskrat or beaver
azamowômek one provides food
azônakwhigan pl azônakwhiganal
musk bait box azamowat a provider, the provider of
food
azôsnaskw pl azôsnaskol a river reed,
rush, Typha spp. azatôklozi retract one's speech
azatôklozimek one retracts one's
speech
aza- moving backwards, returning
azatôklozo they retracts her speech
azatôiwi backwards
azadasa walk backwards; they walks
backwards

51
azatônasa inhale; they breathes in; a azazen pl azazenal a moccasin side
returning breath flap, or wrap-around the top
azatôsa walk backwards, move back azban pl azbanak a racoon
azatôsamek one moves backwards azbansoo they acts like Azeban, they
plays a trick
azatagiya pl azatagiyôl lacey material
azbak when water returns, it eddies
azatôzik one puts something back
azbaghi throw water back, pull water,
azato put something back; they puts
paddle hard
something back
azbaghigan splashing water backward
azatos move back
with paddle
azawôgan refusal, rejection
azbaghimek one paddles hard
azawahlômek one flies back, one goes
azbaskedon pl azbaskedonal a lip, the
back
area around the mouth
azawahla they flies back, it goes back
Azesko Casco Bay, Maine, muddy,
azawanigan a portage along the side of often translated as Kasko, heron by
the mountain Abenaki speakers; mud
azawanimen pl azawanimenak a azeskojagowik what is muddy, a
choke berry, a plum muddy thing
azawanimenakwam pl azeskojagw muddy soil
azawanimenakwamak a plum tree,
azeskoibagw a muddy lake
Prunus nigra
Azeskoimenahan Isle LaMotte in Lake
azawanimeni sogalabôn plum sugar
Champlain, muddy island
bread
azeskoitegw a muddy river
azawanlômsen a returning wind
azeskwamagw pl azeskwamagok a
azawaskwhigan pl azawaskwhiganal a
pout, a mud fish
squared log, a square timber
azi each
azawaskwigek the square thing
azib pl azibak a sheep <Eng. a sheep
azawaskwigen it is square
azibadagen pl azibadagenol a sheep
azawaskwigit the square one, one who
hide
is square
azibawa pl azibawaak a sheepskin with
azawaskwitôzik one squares something
wool attached
azawaskwito they squares something
azibi-wpigasin pl azibi-wpigasinol a
Azawinigan Shawinigan, PQ, a steep mutton-chop
roof-like portage

52
azibibiazo pl azibibiazoal sheep hair;
pl. sheep wool azow- trade, change, exchange
azibigan pl azibiganal a leg of mutton
azibigazak sheep's hooves; Ausable
azowôzo cover something
Chasm (probably in imitation of the
English name) azowô trade someone, exchange
azibiya lamb, meat of sheep azowa cover something or someone
azibimadagen pl azibimadagenol azowabi change places sitting
sheepskin azowalat one who transfers someone,
azibis pl azibisak lamb, a small sheep; carries someone across
milkweed, Asclepias syriaca azowbagihla water changes its course
azigan pl aziganal a foot wrapper, a azowena exchange, trade
moccasin liner
azoweniga they trades, exchanges
aziganapo it snows foot wrappers (said
of large snowflakes falling slowly) azowenigamek one trades, exchanges

azigôlagigen it is full of holes azowenigat trader, a trader

azigimezi pl azikimeziak Ericaceous azowenigawôgan exchanging, act of

plants which form matted growth on a trading
bog azowiga they changes position or
azigsi put on foot wrappers, line your location
moccasins azowigabi move camp
azigsimek one puts of foot wrappers, azowokwabi change one's place (i.e.
lines their moccasins sitting or resting place, location)
azigsigan pl azigziganal a foot azowolagi change canoes
wrapper, a moccasin liner
azowolagimek one changes canoes
azitgwakagôbi kneel down
azowolago they changes canoes
azitgwakagôbimek one kneels down
azowzi be covered, cover self
azitgwakagôbikhômek one is forced to
azowzimek one covers themself
kneel
azowzit one who covers herself
azitgwakasimotawômek one kneels to
someone azwahôzi change yourself
azitta every, each azwaha change or move someone; they
changes or moves someone
azitta pazgo everyone, each one
azwala transfer someone, carry
azogwôgan pl azogwôganal adultery
someone

53
azwôwalat one who carries something chajabiwi separately
back chajabosak they go separate ways, they
azwasawômek one changes clothes separate, they move apart
azwasawa change clothes; they changes chajabosao it moves apart, it separates
clothes chajagômômek one demands
azwatôdi swap, make an exchange even repeatedly
azwatôzik one changes or moves chajagôma demand repeatedly; they
something demands repeatedly
azwato change or move something; chajagtabi move over a little while
they changes or moves something sitting
chajagtabimek one moves over a little
while sitting
CH
chajagtabo they moves over a little
while sitting
chôls pl chôlsak grasshopper, cricket
chôjebahado it is all different; on the chajak- spotted
other hand
cha now, now then
chajakidegwa her face is spotted
chaga if; now then
chajakigen it is spotted
chaga ôda if not; unless
chajakigit the spotted one, one who is
chaga nawa if; when he comes spotted
cha tôni how then chajakigo they is spotted
chajakwenaloka work all night; they
chajab- divided, separated works all night
chajakwenalokamek one works all
night; a night shift
chajabnôzik one separates something,
one shares something
chajabna separate them, divide it up chajal- incapable, terrible
into shares
chajabnawôgan a division chajalidôzik one is unable to do or
chajabnigawôgan a separation make something
chajabihlak they separate, they get chajalidôzo it or they in incapable
divorced chajalikws pl chachalikwsak a wart

54
chajalito they is unable to do or make chajibihwôt one who frightens
something someone
Chajamolias The Clown (sacred chajibihwa frighten someone; they
noisemaker) frightens someone
chajapsoli hiccup chajibikki a scary land
chajapsolimek one hiccups chajibinôgwzo they appears terrible,
frightening, disagreeable, dangerous
chajapsolit one who hiccups
chajibinôkskwa pl chajibinôkskwak a
chajapsolo they hiccups
frightened woman
chajapsolowôgan a hiccup, the
chajibitôgan pl chajibitôganal a
condition of having hiccups
scarecrow
Chajibôba Ugly Face, terrified man,
chajibtôgwak a scary story; terrible
terrifying man, a supernatural character
news; an awful rumor
who is terrified by his own looks and
terrifies others chajibtôgwat it is a scary story; it is
terrible news; it’s an awful rumor
chajibainôgwzo they looks terrible
chajibtôgwzo they sounds terrible
chajibaldôzik one thinks something is
terrible chajidahôm think fearfully of someone;
be afraid of failure
chajibaldam they finds something
terrible chajidahôzimek one thinks in
opposition, one is suspicious
chajibamalsi be afraid, feel frightened
chajidahôzo they is suspicious, they
chajibamalsimek one feels frightened
thinks in opposition
chajibamalso they is frightened, afraid
chajibihlômek one is made afraid,
startled chajig- persistent, contrary,
against
chajibihla become frightened; they
becomes frightened, terrified, startled
and scared chajigôiwi in spite of
chajibihlawakhômek one is made chajigôlôdawazit pl
afraid chajigôlôdawazijik a nuthatch, always
chajibihlawakhôgot one who is made climbing upside down one, Sitta
afraid by someone canadensis

chajibihlawakha make frightened; they chajigômômek one demands repeatedly

is made afraid chajigômôt one who demands
chajibihwômek one frightens someone repeatedly

55
chajigôma demand repeatedly; they is chaksis pl chaksisak yellow warbler
persistent
chajigômit one who repeatedly chakw- divide
demands of me or us
chajigôosa they goes in spite of
opposition, is determined chakwa morning, this morning
chajigôosamek one goes in spite of chakwakw pl chakwagol a knife; a
opposition splint machine
chajigôwômek one is stubborn Chakwakwipmegawôgan the Knife
Dance
chajigôwôdebômek one is contrary
headed chakwakwis pl chakwakwisal a little
knife
chajigôwôdebôt the contrary headed
one chakwat it is daylight, it is the end of
night
chajigôwôdeba contrary headed; they is
contrary headed chakwenôdoka talk all night; they talks
all night
chajigôwa stubborn; they is stubborn
chakwenôdokamek one talks all night
chajigôwasko they is of a stubborn or
persistent nature chakwenadiali hunt all night
chajigôwat one who is stubborn, the chakwenadialimek one hunts all night
stubborn one chakwenadialo they hunts all night
chajigôwihla they becomes stubborn chakweni all night, until dawn
chajigôwipo they persists in eating chakweniwi doing something all night,
chajigôwiwi persistently, determinedly, until dawn
stubbornly chakwsek pl chakwsekil a light, what
chajigôwizimek one persists, one is lights up
stubborn chakwsin spend the night, lie all night
chajigôwizo they persists, they is chakwsinemek one lies down all night,
stubborn spends the night
chajigôwosa they persists in going, chalis pl chalisal a cherry
goes in spite of opposition
chamocha pl chamojak a clown
chajigôwosamek one persists in going,
goes in spite of opposition chamochaisisekw pl chamochasisegol
a funny mask, clown face
chajigwiwi against one's will
chamochasis pl chamochasisak a little
chajilawadwôgan abuse, bad treatment clown

56
chamochawôgan joke, acting like a channeswôgan abstention, abstinence
clown, clowning around channewawôgan stopping, the act of
stopping
chan- stop channibia stop paddling
channigôbi stop walking and stand
chankwazimek one stops crying out channigôbimek one stops walking and
stands
chankwazo they stops crying out
channigôbo they stops walking and
channômek one stops or hinders
stands
someone
channigan a stopping instrument
channôzik one stops something, what
stops, it stops channigwôgan something which puts
an end to something
channa they stops; stop
channigwahla it stops rolling
channakan stop throwing
channigwanô stop him or it from
channakimdowôgan stop learning,
rolling
ceasing to learn
channihlôk that which stops, it
channakwijimek one stops swimming
becomes stopped
channakwijo they stops swimming
channihlômek one comes to a stop
channaps pl channapsak turnip <Eng.
channihla it comes to a stop; they stops
Turnips
channiklolômek one stops talking
channaps majinebizonoo Water
about someone
Hemlock, bad medicine turnip, Cicuta
maculata L. channiklola stop talking with someone;
they stops talking about someone
channata it is stopped
channinto stop singing; they stops
channawa stop someone
singing
channega stop someone
channintomek one stops singing
channelôn the rain stops
channipi stop eating
channem stop something; they stops
channipimek one stops eating
something
channiphômek one stops grabbing or
channemawômek one stops something
feeling someone
for someone
channipha stop grabbing someone;
channemawa stop something for
they stops grabbing someone
someone; stop something for someone
channipo they stops eating
channemawit one who stops something
for me or us
57
channiptôzik one stops grabbing chawapitasek what falls into the water
something
channipto stop grabbing something; chawapitasen it falls into the water
they stops grabbing or feeling something
chawapitasimek one falls into the
channitôzik one stops doing something water
channito stop doing something chawapitasin they falls into the water
channiwi stopping chawapitasit one who falls into the
channizo they stops, they pauses water
channosa stop walking, stop going;
they stops going cheb- separate, apart, alone
channosaik what stops
channosamek one stops
chebabi sit separate; be separate
channosao it stops
chebabimek one sits separate; one is
channozik one stops something separate
channpakhozimek one causes themself chebabo they sits separate (from
to stop others); they is separate
channpakhozo they stops herself, they chebabos pl chebabosak a separate
makes herself stop person
Chebaga Chebeague Island, Maine,
chawap- into the water separated water
chebahatôzik what is different
chebahato it is different
chawapaka throw into the water
chebahatoo it is different
chawapakamek one throws into the
water chebahlômek one separates, sequesters,
removes
chawapakan throwing into the water
chebahla separate; they separates
chawapenigan pl chawapeniganal fish
hook chebakika plant separately
chawapeniganakwam fishing tackle chebakikamek one plants separately
chawapeniganatagw pl chebakwam pl chebakwamal a piece
chawapeniganatagol a fishing line of wood put aside
chawaphôzimek one is dipped into the chebawaka use separately; they uses
water, baptism seperately
chawaphôzo they dips him in water chebawakamek one uses separately

58
chebawakan using separately chegesawaa I make fire come to life
chebazôna divide by cutting chegashiga start or kindle a fire
chebenôzik pl chebenôzikil a fraction, chegashigamek one starts or kindles a
what one divides fire
chebena divide; they divides chegashigan pl chegashiganal a
lighter, a fire starter, tinder
chebesagahiga make a partition or wall
in a house; they partitions chegasiganis pl chegasiganisal a
match, a small igniting instrument
chebesagahigamek one makes a
partition in a house, builds a wall chegasit one who gets burned
chebesagahigan pl chebesagahiganal a chegaska work at burning; they makes
wall, a house partition a fire
chebigamigw pl chebigamigol a chegaskamek one lights a fire
separate building chegaswômek one lights someone
chebigan they is separated, lives alone chegaswa light someone (such as a
chebila it comes apart pipe)
chebiwi separate, besides, apart chegaswan lighting up someone (a
pipe)
chebiwi awôssisak besides the children
chegata it burns
chebosa they separates, moves away,
walks away chegatak what burns, it burns
chebosamek one separates, moves chegatakw a burned forest
away, walks away Chegejokwijoat September, crop
burning time
chega- light, kindle, ignite, burn chegelas pl chegelazak a spark
chegwal pl chegwalak a frog
chegasômek one burns or lights chegwalôbo frog soup; green scum on a
someone pond
chegasôzik one burns or lights chegwalôwzia I feel like a frog (a
something joking reply to a question about health)
chegasôzo it or they is burned chegwalezi pl chegwalezial frog weed
(the floating weeds and algae on
chegasa light, burn, ignite; they lights,
stagnant water)
burns or ignites something or someone
chegwalikwekôgan pl
chegesawamek one kindles a fire
chegwalikwedôganal a goiter, frog
chegesawa kindle a fire; they kindles a throat
fire
59
chegwalika many frogs chibagahôdo pl chibagahôdoak a
troublemaker; they makes noise
chegwalimen pl chegwalimenal
winterberry, black alder, frog berry, Ilex chibagenawômek one finds someone
verticillata ugly
chegwalimenakwam pl chibagenawa they finds someone ugly
chegwalimenakwamak winterberry chibagidahômdôzik one fears
tree, Ilex verticillata something, thinks it is terrible
chegwalis pl chegwalizak a small frog chibagidahôdam they fears something
chibagidahômek one fears someone,
chesak- scrape thinks them terrible
chibagidahômgwak an abomination
chesakhiga scrape a hide; they scrapes chibagidahôt one who is fearful
a hide chibagidaha fearful; they is fearful
chesakhigamek one scrapes a hide chibagigan something that is frighting
chesakhigan scraping a hide chibagijoan a frightening current
chesakwhiga scrape wood; they scrapes chibaginôgwat it looks very bad, it
wood appears ugly
chesakwhigamek one scrapes wood chibaginôgw fearfulness
chesakwhigan pl chesakwhiganak a chibaginôgwzit one who is unattractive
wood scraping
chibaginôgwzo they looks ugly
chesakwis root scraping (act of scraping
a root and then sucking it) chibaginno pl chibaginnoak a terrible
tempered person
cheskwadadas pl cheskwadadazak
kingfisher chibagitôgwat it is noisy, bad sounding
chibagitôgwzit one who speaks loudly,
sounds frightfully, makes noise
chibag- ugly, terrible
chibagitôgwzo they sounds noisy
chibagokwazimek one hollers noisily
chibagôba pl chibagôbak a terrible
man chibagokwazo they hollers noisily

chibagadagen pl chibagadagenol an chibagowômek one yells out in fear

ugly skin chibagowa yell out in fear; they yells
chibagadagenanôgwat they has bad out in fear
skin, her skin looks ugly
chibat- cross, crossing
60
 Chichi very small (a common
chibatekoka make the sign of the cross nickname)
chibatekwôwdisek at the crossroads,
where the roads cross chichibategw pl chichibategol the
chibatekwa it is crossed, it is in the narrows in a river
shape of a cross chichigit one who is very small
chibatekwenamawômek someone chichigo they is very little, they is a
makes the sign of the cross for someone baby
chibatekwenamawit one who makes chichigwôgama it is a narrow lake
the sign of cross on me or us by hand
chichigwôgan a narrowing; the act of
chibatekwenamawa make sign of cross itching, an itch
on it by hand
chichigwôwdi pl chichigwôwdial a
chibatekwta it is a cross, it is crossed narrow road
chibai pl chibaiak a ghost, a skeleton chichigwôwdesen it lies as a narrow
chibai linôgwzowôgan an apparition road

chibaiôdeb pl chibayôdebal a skull, chichigwa narrow

ghost head chichigwazo very narrow
chibaihla pl chibayhlak a catbird, chichigwigen it is narrow
ghost bird
chichigwitegwa it is a narrow river
chibaihlas pl chibaihlazak a little
chichigwitegwazo a narrow little river
catbird, small ghost bird
or brook
chibaiki pl chibaikial a cemetery, ghost
chichigwizit one who is narrow
or skeleton land
chichigwizo they is narrow
chibaisakw pl chibaisakwal
phosphorescent wood, ghost wood, chichigwtaga it is a narrow cord or
string
chibaisibs pl chibaisibsak a catbird,
ghost bird chichigwtagwzo they is thin bodied,
slender, narrow
chibaiskweda pl chibaiskwedak marsh
gas, ignis fatuus, ghost fire (said to be chichigwtagwzit one who is slender,
the spirit of an unburied corpse) thin bodied
chibaiwôlagw pl chibaiwôlagol a chichis pl chichisak a baby; also the
ghost-hole (where the ghost fire is said jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum;
to come from) wild onion
chidoka- ally, support

61
chidokawimek one allies, a supporter; chigôwkamigwzowinno pl
one takes my part, is on my side chigôwkamigwzowinnoak a contrary
person
chidokawit an ally, a supporter; the one
who takes my part, is on my side chigôwkamiksowôgan a contradiction
chidokawo they is my ally, they chigôwnômek one forces, requires, or
supports me forbids someone
chidokazwôgan allying, support chigôwna they force someone, requires,
or forbids someone
chigôwosa they keeps going in spite of
chigôl- bend over, put your head
everything
down
chigôwtegwihla the river keeps on
going
chigôlôdawa they climbs head down
chigôlôdawasis pl chigôlôdawasisak
chiga- silent, quiet
nuthatch, little upside down climber
chigôlôdawasit pl chigôlôdawasijik
nuthatch, upside down climber chiga when?
chigôlewa pl chigôlewak a shelldrake, chigabi be quiet, be silent
they is upside down, head down chigabit quiet one, one who is silent
chigôlewahla his head goes down chigabo they is quiet
chigôlewihlas pl chigôlewihlazak chikta it is quiet
shelldrake, head down bird
chigaiya how old is the substance?
chigôligôbo they stands head down
chigôlilôdawa pl chigôlilôdawak
nuthatch chigi- let, allow; leave, abandon
chigôliwi bend over, put your head
down chigiham they allows someone; they
leaves someone

chigôw- continue against chigitôzik one allows something; one

opposition or difficulties, persist leaves something, what is abandoned
chigita let, leave, allow, abandon

chigôwi persisting, continuing against chigitam they allows something; they

opposition abandons something

chigôwiwi persisting, continuing, going chigitamawômek one leaves something

further, in spite of for someone

62
chigitamawa they leaves something for chigitwaha they shaves someone
someone chigitwahigan pl chigitwahiganal a
chigitamawi one leaves something for razor
me or us chigitwahozi shave self, pluck hair
chigitamawit one who leaves it for me from self
or us chigitwahozimek one shaves themself
chigitawôan when you allow or leave chigitwahozo they shaves herself
him or them
chigiwi allowable; freely
chigitawômek one allows or leaves
someone chignas pl chignazak a thorn apple,
fruit of the hawthorn, Crataegus spp.
chigitawôt one who allows him or them
chignasakwam pl chignasakwamak
chigitawôhôdit those who allow him or hawthorn tree, Crataegus spp.
them
chignasikôwis pl chignasikôwisak
chigitawa they allows him or them thorn on hawthorn
chigitawak they allow him or them chigsis pl chigsisak goldfinch
chigitawgoan one(s) who allow you chigwalakwsi snore
chigitawian when you allow me or us chigwalakwsimek one snores
chigitawimek one allows me chigwalakwso they snores
chigitawina leave us alone chigwalakwsowôgan snoring (frog
chigitawisin leave him lying (on the whistling)
ground)
chigitawok when I or we allow him or chik- sweep
them
chigito they allows something; they
leaves something chikha sweep
chigitolan when I allow you chighiga they sweeps
chikhigamek one sweeps
chigitwa- shave, pull out hair, chikhigan pl chikhiganal a broom,
pluck sweeping implement
chikzawahigan a scythe, a sweeping
and cutting tool
chigitwahômek one shaves someone
chigitwahôzik one shaves something
chil- mean, peevish, bad
chigitwahôt one who shaves someone tempered; injured
63
 chilamamômek one senses someone's
presence ominously
chilôlao they is bad tempered (said only
of an animal) chilamama sense someone's presence
ominously; they sences someone’s
chilai be bad tempered
presence ominously
chilaimek one is bad tempered
chilao they is bad tempered
chilait one who is bad tempered
chilaowôgan a bad temper, crossness
chilakwta blaze a tree, mark a tree by
chiljômek one notches something (like
cutting out a piece by a blow
an arrow)
chilakwtahôzi blaze a tree, notch or
chilja notch; they notches something
mark a tree
chiligek that which is slightly damaged,
chilakwtahôzimek one blazes tree,
bruised, or scratched
notches or marks a tree
chiligen it is slightly damaged, bruised,
chilakwtahôzo it is blazed, it is notched
or scratched
chilakwtahiga work at blazing trees
chiligit one who is slightly wounded,
with notches; they blazes trees
bruised, or scratched
chilakwtahigamek one works at
chiligo they is slightly wounded,
blazing trees with notches
bruised, or scratched
chilakwtahigan pl chilakwtahiganal a
chilihlômek one gets wounded,
blaze on a tree, a struck out notched
scratched, bruised
thing
chilihla they or it gets wounded,
chilakwziga blaze a tree by cutting;
damaged, scratched, or bruised
they blazes a tree
chilihlas pl chilihlasak an injured or
chilakwzigamek one blazes a tree by
wounded person
cutting
chililawahômek one makes someone
chilakwzigan pl chilakweziganal a
angry
blaze or cut out piece of a tree
chililawahôt one who makes others
chilamadôzik one sences something as
angry
a bad omen
chililawaha makes others angry; they
chilamadam sence something as a bad
makes others angry
omen; they sences something as a bad
omen chilsakhigan pl chilsakhiganal a nail, a
bruiser
chilamadama when I sense a bad
omen; it is a bad omen chiltakawômek one wounds someone
without a weapon
chilamadamwôgan pl
chilamadamwôganal a bad omen

64
chiltakawa they wounds someone chitôosa keep going; they keeps on
without a weapon going
chiltahômek one wounds someone by chitôosamek one keeps on going
striking with a weapon chitôpsôngwata snow gets deeper
chiltahôt they wounds someone by chitôsa keep going; they keeps on going
striking with a weapon
chitôsamek one walks farther
chiltaha they wounds by striking with a
weapon chitôwôgan act of taking something
further, aggravation
chimli pl chimlial chimney, fireplace
chitôzik one compresses or tightens
chimliilhasis pl chimliilhasisak a something
chimney swallow
chitahlômek someone goes further
chimli skweda a chimney fire
chitahlôzik something goes further
chinahlôzik what cracks, splits,
becomes cracked chitahla someone or something goes
further
chinahla it cracks, splits, becomes
cracked chitam they compresses something,
they tightens something
chiposi slide (as on a sled)
chitaman when you compress
chiposimek one slides something
chiposo they slides chitamôbageniga braid tightly
chiposwôgan sliding (as on a sled) chitamôbagenigamek one braids
tightly
chitô- more and more, further; chitamôbagenigan pl
tight fitting, tight, compressed, chitamôbageniganal a tight braid
close together chitamabi sit tight; be stuck
chitamabimek one sits tight; one is
chitôbaha tighten (as with a wedge) stuck, or caught tight

chitôbahiga tighten something; they chitamabo they sits tight; they is stuck
tightens something chitamata it is compressed
chitôbahigamek one tightens chitamakwamika a dense forest
something
chitamipsantiga stuff something full;
chitôbahigan pl chitôbahiganal a they stuffs something full
wedge, a tightening implement
chitamipsantigamek one stuffs
chitôiwi furthermore, worse something full

65
chitamipsantigan pl chitaniskalzimek one has stiff joints
chitamipsantiganal a stuffer, a stuffing chitaniskalzo they has stiff joints
intrument
chitanitôzik one starches something
chitamigen it is tight, dense, crowded
chitanitam starch something; they
chitamigo pl chitamigoak they is tight, starches something
pl. they are crowded together
chitanosa they or it gets stiff or hard,
chitamihla they or it becomes tight they goes stiff
chitamiwi tightly, firmly, densely chitanosamek one gets stiff or hard,
chitamkôwadimek when people crowd one goes stiff
together chitatahôzik one drives something in
chitamkôwadin a crowd, they are tight
crowding, people are crowding chitataham drive something in tight;
chitamosa it gets crowded they drives something in tight
chitamta it is compressed chitatahiga they caulks, tamps, or
drives something in tight by pounding
chitamtasimek one falls in and gets
stuck chitatahigamek one caulks, tamps, or
drives something in tight by pounding
chitamtasin they falls in and gets stuck
chitatahigan pl chitatahiganal a a
chitamtema fine meshed; they laces a
tamper, a caulker, an instrument for
snowshoe tightly
driving something tight
chitamtemamek one laces a snowshoe
chitazazôbo pl chitazazôboal squeezed
tightly
juice
chitohigan pl chitohiganal the curved
chitan- tough, stiff, inflexible, front piece of a canoe frame
hard to work, hard
chiz pl chizal cheese, a cheese <Eng.
Cheese
chitanakizigan stiff, or frozen; chogeleskw pl chogeleskok a cow-
soreness, or lameness bunting, a black bird
chitanaskaden it freezes hard, is frozen
hard
chow- certain, want, need, must
chitanigek that which is hard, or stiff
chitanigen it is stiff, tough
chowagimômek one compels someone
chitanigo they is stiff, tough
chowagima compel someone; they
chitanihla become stiff, hard, tough compels someone

66
chowaldôzik one wants something enna who
chowalda need, want enni which
chowaldam need something, want
something; they needs or wants
something H
chowaldamwôgan pl
chowaldamwôganal a need, a want haw! quick! hurry! now! halloo!
hlôda if one says something to someone
chowalmômek one needs someone, one hlap pl hlapak net, fishnet, cobweb
wants someone
hlapôbi pl hlapôbial net line
chowalma need someone, want
someone; they wants someone hli tell me

chowi surely, certainly, must be hlian when you tell me

chowidahômômek one envies someone hliana if you tell me

chowidahôma envy someone, they hli kagwi waji tell me why

envies someone hlit one who tells me or us something
chowihômek one makes certain
chowiha make certain; they makes I
certain
chowitôzik one must do something
i eclamation exhorting excitement and
chowito they must do something
strong intent
chowitba it's necessary, it must be
ia that thing
chowitbezimek one must do something
iagik those ones
chowitbezo they must do something
iaha exclamation exhorting group to
chowitbezwôgan duty simultaneous action
chowkômômek one aspires, desires, iahi! exclamation of exultation
aims for
ialil those things
chowkôma aspire; they aspires
ianegi while ago, soon after
ianmô that one
E ianmôgik those ones

Edoal Edward iaw four

67
 iawikôdasamek one walks or goes on
four legs (especially an ungulate
iawnol four things
mammal)
iawak four living ones
iawinska forty
iawômkipoda four o'clock
iawinskaakwôbabit the fortieth one
iawômkwaki four thousand
iawinskaakwôbtak the fortieth thing
iawda four times
iawinskakasta forty times
Iawda Santal Asma Klismes Advents,
iawogômek four persons dance
four Sundays before Christmas
iawogwnaga four days ago
Iawdaalokan Thursday, the forth work
iawogwnigam do something in four
iawdipkawiwi quadruple
days
iawichebenôzik a quart; a quarter; a
iawogwniwi in four days
division of four
ibi only, just, merely
iawichebenôzik nisijebat two quarters;
two fourths ibitta only, just, merely
iawichebenôzik nsijebat three quarters; ibiwi only, just
three fourths idôzik one says something; it is said,
iawichebi in four separate places, what is said
spaces, or kinds ida say
iawichebigen it is in four separate idak what one says
places, spaces, or kinds
idam say something; they says
iawichebigo is in four separate places, something
spaces, or kinds
idamoo it means, it says
iawigadma they is four years old
idamwôgan a saying, a rumor
iawikôdagôbi stand on four legs
ieiawônkaw 14 every time, 14 each
iawikôdagôbimek one stands on four
legs, one is a quadruped ieiawak; ieiawnol 4 every time, 4 each

iawikôdagôbo they stands on four legs ieiawatgwa 400 every time, 400 each

iawikôdakwezi crawl on four legs ieiawda 4 times every time; 4 times

each
iawikôdakwezimek one crawls on four
legs ieiawinska 40 every time, 40 each

iawikôdakwezo they crawls on four ieiawinska kasta 40 times every time;

legs 40 times each

iawikôdasa walk or go on four legs Iglismôn pl Iglismônak Englishman

<Eng. Englishman
68
Iglismônôdwa speak English; they ikôlzi defend self
speaks English ikôlzimek one defends oneself
Iglismônôdwat a speaker of English, ikôlzo they protects herself
one who speaks English
Iglismôniinto sing in English; they
sings in English iksidaw- excite <Fr. exciter
iksidawi excited
Iglismôniintomek one sings in English iksidawihlômek one becomes excited
Iglismônis pl Iglismônisak a red- iksidawihla become excited; they
winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus; becomes excited
a little Englishman iksidawikhômek one causes someone
Iglismôniskwa pl Iglismôniskwak an to be excited
English woman iksidawikhôzimek one causes themself
Iglismôniwi in the English manner, in to be excited
the English language iksidawikhôzo they causes herself to be
Iglismônki England, Englishman's land excited; they gets excited
ihlômek one tells someone something iksidawikha cause someone to be
excited; they causes someone to be
excited
ikô- defend, protect iksidawikhiana if you cause me to be
excited
ikôdôzik one defends or protects iksidawimek one is excited
something iksidawit he who is excited, he is
ikôdôzo it is protected excited
ikôda defend or protect iksidawo they is excited
ikôdam protect something; they iksidawôgan excitement
protects or defends something
ikôlômek one defends or protects il- during, while
someone
ikôla defend or protect someone; they
defends of protects someone ilakannimek while one is traveling
ikôldimek people defend each other ilakannit while they is traveling
ikoldoak they protect each other ilakanno while they is traveling
ikôlwamek one defends
ikôlwa defend; they defends
69
Ilakwa pl Ilakwaak a northern iolil these things
copperhead, an adder snake, Agkistrodon iowi this one, or these ones of someone
contortrix mokasen; an Iroquois Indian
Islal Israel
Ilakwas pl Ilakwasak a small northern
copperhead, an small adder snake, itoji then, there
Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen; an
Iroquois Indian
izigan- on one side
ilegômek while one dances
ilegôhôdit while they are dancing
iziganakwa one side of a tree
ilega while they dances
iziganjôl a nostril, a nose on one side
ilitbak during the night, while it is night
iziganitaakwikôda they has a short leg
Illôda pl Illôdak an Irishman <Fr. on one side
Irlandais
iziganiwi on one side
Illôdaki Ireland
iziganosa they is limping, they walks on
Illôdaskwa pl Illôdaskwak an Irish one side
woman
iziganosamek one limps, one walks on
illôwzimek while one lives, during ones one side
life
illôwzia while I live, during my life
illôwzo while they lives, during her life K
illosa while they goes
illosamek while one goes kôgô- call, cry, scream
illosaak while we go (excluding one
spoken to) kôgôg- (kakat-) saw toothed,
illosaakw while we go (including one dentate
spoken to)
Inyas Ignace
kôgôgowibakw pl kôgôgowibakok
Inyasis little or young Ignace wild mint, sawtoothed leaf, Mentha
io here; this thing canadensis

ioda this or these; this time; right here kôgôgowigek what is sawtoothed

iodali here, this place kôgôgowigen it is sawtoothed

iodali ta nidali here and there kôgôgowigit one who is sawtoothed

iogik these ones kôgôgowigo they is sawtoothed

70
kôgôgowisak wintergreen, little kôjipisagiazi go hide in bushes
sawtoothed ones, Gaultheria procumbens kôjipisagiazimek one goes to hide in
kôgôgwôbagwis pl kôgôgwôbagwisak the bushes
wild mint, little sawtooth leaf, Mentha kôjipisagiazo they goes to hide in the
canadensis bushes
kôgôgw pl kôgagoak a raven kôjigek what is hidden
kôgôlômômek one calls someone kôjigen it is hidden
kôgôlmôt caller, they that calls kôjigit one who is hidden
someone
kôjigo they is hidden
kôgôlôma they calls someone
kôjiwi hidden, in a hidden way
kôgôlwa call, cry, holler; they hollers
kôjo pl kôjoak a vein, an artery
kôgôlwamek one yells
kôjowis pl kôjowisak capillary; a small
kôgôlwat a shouter vein, capillary; pl pepperroot, little veins
kôgôlwôdigan an auction Dentaria diphylla
kôgôlwawôgan a cry, a scream kôdak as, thus
kôgw pl kôgwak porcupine, hedgehog kôdakiwi like, similarly
kôgwipiaso pl kôgwipiasoak porcupine kôkchi big, great
hair kôkhowat a larva, a jointed larva
kôgwimagw pl kôgwimagok porcupine kôkichi very great
fish, stickleback, Pungitius pungitius,
Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus, kôgisgakki every day
Apeltes quadracus kôkizitbezi be elected
kôgwimagws pl kôkwimagwsak a kôkizitbezimek one is elected
porcupine fish person
kôkizitbezo they is elected
kôkkani undisturbed, normal, usual
kôj- (-kôt) hidden
kôkkanilinto sing calmly; they sings
calmly
kôjiazi disappear, be hidden kôkkanilintomek one sings calmly
kôjiazimek one disappears, hides self kôkkaninôgwak what appears as usual
kôjiazo they disappears, they hides or calm

kôjibia paddle hidden; they paddles kôkkaninôgwat it appears as usual or

hidden calm

kôjibiamek one paddles hidden kôkkaninôgwzo they appears normal or

calm
71
kôkkaninôgwzit one who appears as kôksozo they lies, they conceals the
usual or calm truth when speaking
kôkkanitôgwak what sounds usual or kôlômloigan an acknowledgment
calm kôlômlowôzik one confirms something
kôkkanitôgwat it sounds usual or calm as a fact
kôkkanitôgwzo they sounds normal or kôlômlowa confirm something; they
calm confirms something as fact
kôkkanitôgwzit one who sounds usual kôn pl kônal a camp, a temporary
or calm shelter
Kôntegok Contoocook River and Lake,
NH, small camp at the river
kôksk- (kakk-) brittle wood; solid
material
kôt- (kôj-) hide, hidden
kôksk pl kôkskak white cedar, brittle
wood, Thuja occidentalis kôtkokw pl kôtkokwak a kettle with
kôkskibeskaôtkwen pl legs
kôkskibeskaôtkwenal a white cedar kôtlô hide someone
branch
kôtlômek one hides someone
kôkskisek cedar place, where there are
cedars kôtla they hides someone

kôkskiskaôgan pl kôgskiskaôganak a kôtlezi hide self

cedar fence kôtlezimek one hides themself
kôkskiwôgin pl kôgskiwôginak a cedar kôtlezit one who is hidden
rib for a canoe
kôtlezo they hides herself
kôkskiwigwaol pl kôgskiwigwaolal a
kôttômek one hides someone
cedar planked canoe
kôttôzik one hides something
kôkskolagw pl kôgskolagol a cedar
canoe (a wooden canoe with sides of kôtta hide, conceal
thin cedar) kôttaka work to hide, put away, put into
kôksozi lie, conceal something in concealment
speaking kôttakamek one works to hide, put
kôksozimek one lies, conceals away, put into concealment
something in speaking kôttagan hiding, putting away
kôksozit a liar, one who lies kôttak a hidden thing, what is hidden

72
Kôttak Wajo Mount Washington, NH, kôwi pl kôwiak a quill, a pricker, a
hidden mountain thorn, pl. Indian Hemp, Apocynum
androsaemifolium
kôttakiwi in a hidden manner
kôwigen it is rough or prickly
kôttasibo pl kôttasiboal a hidden river
kôwigo they is rough
kôttastegw pl kôttastegol hidden river
kôwis pl kôwisak a thistle, small thorn
kôttawômek one hides someone
Kôwisawajo Kearsarge Mountain, New
kôttawa they hides someone
Hampshire, rough mountain
kôttazimek one hides themselves
kaakw pl kaakok gull
kôttazo they or it is hidden; they hides
kaakwis pl kaakwisak small grey gull
herself
Kaanawaki Kahnawake
kôttiazik what becomes hidden, it
disappears Kaanawakinono Kahnawake Mohawk
territory
kôttiazo it becomes hidden, it
disappears kaaz pl kaazal train cars <Eng. Cars
kôttigan pl kôttiganal a cache, a kaaziôwti pl kaaziôwtial a railroad
hidden thing kaazilesakwôgan pl
kôttijoan a hidden current, it flows kaazilesakwôganal a railroad bridge
hidden kaazôdeb pl kaazôdebal a locomotive,
kôtto they hides something a train-head
kôttodahôgana a hidden paddle
kôttosa they disappears, walks out of kab- close, shut, stopped up,
sight; they walks while hidden enclose
kôttosamek one disappears, walks out
of sight; one walks while hidden
kabasa pl kabasak a sturgeon,
kôttosao it disappears Acipenseridae
kôttowôgan the act of hiding Kabasawinno Sturgeon Clan, a sturgeon
person

kôw- prickly, rough, thorny kabhômek one shuts or imprisons

someone
kabhôzik one shuts, corks, or encloses
kôwakwimen pl kôwakwimenak something
gooseberry, thorny stem fruit, rose hip,
Ribes uva-crispa kabha they shuts or imprisons someone
or something
kabi pl kabinal a bonnet <Fr. capine

73
kabijikikôn pl kabijikikônal a cabbage kadôlkômômek one digs someone out
field kadôlkôma dig out, unearth someone;
kabij pl kabijal a cabbage <Eng. they digs out or unearths someone
Cabbage kadôlkahôzik one digs something out
kabijimamijôla pl kabijimamijôlak a kadôlkaha dig out, unearth
cabbage moth
kadôlkaham dig out something; they
kaboakwhômek one buttons up digs something out
someone
kadôwazômek one cuts off someone’s
kaboakwhôzik one buttons up tail
something
kadôwazôt one who cuts someone’s tail
kabsis pl kabsisal cap, a percussion cap off
<Eng. cap + Abenaki diminutive –sis
kadôwaza cut her tail off; they cuts
someone’s tail off
kad- (kaj-) remove, take away kadôzik one removes something
kadahôzik one takes something off,
kadôbidanwa pull a tooth; they pulls a removes something
tooth kadaham take off something; they
kadôbidanwamek one pulls a tooth takes something off
kadôbidanwawôgan pulling a tooth kadakamek one pulls out, throws off
kadôdebahômek one behead someone, kadaka pull out, throw off
remove someone’s head kadakan pullin out, throwing off
kadôdebaha behead someone; they kadam take away something or
beheads someone someone
kadôdebana pull head off kadamômek one removes someone
kadôdebazômek one cuts someone’s kadapska it is a removed piece of rock
head off
kadapskahigan pl kadapskahiganal a
kadôdebazôt one who cuts someone’s pick axe, literally remove stone tool, a
head off tool for taking off rock; a rock that is
kadôdebaza cut someone’s head off; taken off
they cuts someone’s head off kadatôzik one collects by taking off (as
kadôdewazômek one shaves someone with bark)
kadôdewaza shave someone; they kadato get or collect by taking off (as
shaves someone bark); they collects by taking off
kadôgema they takes off her snowshoes

74
kadaw- want to; about to be kadawika they wants to build
kadawikamek one wants to build
kadawôdoka they wants to talk kadawikhôgan pl kadawikhôganal a
photograph, a taken-off drawing
kadawôdokamek one wants to talk
kadawinto they wants to sing
kadawaloka want to work; they wants
to work kadawintomek one wants to sing
kadawalokamek one wants to work kadawipo they wants to winter, wants
to spend winter
kadawami take off shoes
Kadawsanda Saturday, about to be
kadawamimek one takes off their shoes
Sunday
kadawamo they takes off her shoes
Kadawsandaki every Saturday
kadawatsôzik one wants to dye
kadawwihlômek one wants to tell
something
someone something (wants to give
kadawatsem want to dye something; advice)
they wants to dye something
kadawwihla they wants to tell someone
kadawawaka want to use; they wants something (wants to give advice)
to use
kadhômek one takes something or
kadawawakamek one wants to use someone out of a solid
kadawawaldôzik one wants to know kadha take something or someone out
something of a solid
kadawawalda want to know; they kadgom they is sleepy, wants sleep, is
wants to know about to sleep
kadawawaldam want to know kadgomwinôgwzo they looks sleepy
something; they wants to know
kadi want to; about to
something
kadihlômek one wants to tell or advise
kadawelôk when it's going to rain
kadihla they wants to tell or advise
kadawelôn it's going to rain
kaditôzik what is taken off or separated
kadawesmimek one is thirsty, one
wants to drink kaditôzo it is taken off or separated
kadawesmo they is thirsty kaditodosawômek one wants to pass
by someone
kadawesmowôgan thirst
kaditodosawa they wants to pass by
kadawi about to be; want to do
someone
something
kadawi alamikôwadin new year’s day
is coming kadka- dig
75
 kadnatokw pl kadnatokwak a spike
horn, a young male of the deer family
kadkahômek one digs up someone, one
with first antlers, a shedding deer
digs someone out
kadnem take something away, take
kadkahôzik one digs up something, one
something off (such as clothing)
digs something out
kadnemen take it off
kadkahamawômek one digs something
out for someone kadnik what is removed
kadkahamawa dig something out for kadobana take something or someone
someone; they digs something out for out of the water
someone kadona they is dying, going to die
kadkaha dig up, dig out kadonalômek one attacks, hunts,
kadkahiga digging up, or out opposes, or tries to catch someone
kadkahigamek one digs out kadonala attack, hunt, oppose, catch
someone; they attacks, hunts, opposes,
kadkahigan pl kadkahiganal a digging
or tries to catch someone
out, or up implement
kadonaldôzik one attacks something
kadkamôzi dig up, or out for oneself
kadonaldo attack something; they
kadkamôzimek one digs up, or out for
attacks something
oneself
kadonaldowôgan persecution,
kadkamôzo they digs up, or out for, or
something attacked
by herself
kadonka hunt for, attack, or kill
kadkanôzik one digs up something
someone
kadkan pull out, dig it out by hand
kadonkamek one hunts, attacks, or
kadkanigan pl kadkaniganal a wedge, kills someone
instrument for removing something
kadonkan a hunt, the act of hunting,
(specifically wooden wedge for
attacking, or killing someone
removing birch bark from tree)
kadopimek one is hungry
kadnômek one takes or removes
someone kadopit one who is hungry
kadnôs a person taken away kadopida let us eat
kadnôzik one removes something kadopo they is hungry
kadnôzo it or they is removed kadopowôgan hunger
kadna take off something or someone kadosa want to go; they wants to go
(such as clothing) kadosamek one wants to go
kadosawa gnaw off

76
kadosawamek one gnaws off
kadosawat a gnawer, one who gnaws kagôwakw pl kagôwakok prickly ash,
off angry wood, Xanthoxylum americanum
kadosmeso drink a little kagôwakwimen pl kagôwakwimenak
a prickly ash berry
kadosmihômek one waters someone
(gives someone water) kagôwigo they is angry
kadosmiha water someone; they waters kagôwigid one who is angry
someone (gives someone water) kagôwihômek one angers someone
kadosmihômek nidazoak one waters kagôwiha they angers someone
pets, one gives pets water
kagôwihodwôgan being angry, anger
kadosmiha nidazoak water pets; they
waters pets kagôwidahôzimek one thinks angrily

kadosmimek one drinks kagôwidahôzo they thinks angrily

kadosmit one who drinks, a drinker kagôwitanômek one offends someone

kadosmo they drinks kagôwitana they offends someone

kadosmowôgan pl kadosmoôganal act

of drinking; a drink; liquor kagaki- choose
kadosmowimôgwzo they smells of
liquor
kagakigamwôgan a doctrine, a belief
kadsawa undress, take off clothes system, a teaching
kadsawamek one undresses, takes off kagakinôzik one chooses something
clothes
kagakin pl kagakinal a choice; choose;
kadsawat one who is undressed they chooses
kadzôzik one cuts something off kagakinawômek one chooses someone
kadzem cut off something; they cuts kagakinawa choose someone; they
something off chooses someone
kadzemawômek one cuts something kagakinem they chooses something
off for someone; one cuts something off
of someone kagakinemawômek one chooses for
someone
kadzemawa cut something off of, or for
someone; they cuts it off of, or for kagakinemawa they chooses something
someone for someone
kagakiya some stuff or material, any
material
kagôw- angry

77
kagal- hold kagwesa what
kagwesis little, the least
kagalagidwôgan a grip, gripping kagwi what; something
something kagwi tbestaman? what are you
kagalnômek one holds someone listening to?
kagalnôzik one holds something kagwi waji why; what for
kagalnôzo it is held kagwiiya what is it made of? what it is
made of; some material
kagalna hold something or someone;
they holds something or someone kahalômawaldamwôgan faith
kagalnakwimek one holds or stays kahalôminôkwadakipekwgwa truly
fastened to wood or a solid object kahala surely, certainly, of course,
kagalnakwo they holds on or stays indeed, to be sure, really, be true
fastened to wood or a solid object kahalaki indeed, in reality, truly, really,
kagalnek that which is held it's true, it's a fact
kagalnema hold something; they holds kahalatta certainly, emphatic form of
something kahala, very certainly, very true
kaganigan pl kaganiganal a landmark, kaiya cottage cheese, cream, thick milk
a marker, a boundary marker

kaj- (kad-) remove, take away

kagaps- deaf
kajawa undress; they undresses
kagapsa they is deaf kajawamek one undresses
kagapsamek one is deaf kajigapska it is a cliff, it is a steep rock
kagapsawinno pl kagapsawinnoak kajigapskezo it is a cliff, it is a steep
deaf person rock
kagapses a deaf person kajigapskezowajo a cliff face, a
kagapskhowômek one is made deaf, mountain cliff
goes deaf kajigapskw a cliff, a steep rock
kagapskhowa they is made deaf, goes kajikôga it is a steep hill or bank
deaf
kajigaden it is a steep mountain, a cliff
kagwejagi pl kagwejagial a poison,
something dirty kajigbenihla steep fall, it falls steeply

kagwes pl kagwesol something kajigen cut off, it is cut off

78
kajigigen steep, it is steep kakasokwat the sky is clear
kajimijbiga unload something, unload kakasomdowôgan ambitiousness
the contents of something kakassôwadik an expensive or valuable
kajimijbikamek one unloads thing
kajipimhôzik one unscrews something kakassi many, as many as, as much as
kajipimha unscrew something; they kakasokôzik one encourages something
unscrews something kakasokôzik awskôwsôwôgan one
kajipoalômek one pulls off someone rouses, more and more restless
(as feathers) kakaswahômek one encourages
kajipoala pull one off; they pulls someone
someone off kakaswaha encourage someone; they
kajiptôzik one snatches it away encourages someone
kajipto pluck it, snatch it away; they kakaswahodwôgan encouragement
takes it away quickly kakaswawaik encouraging, that which
kajmawômek someone cuts off is encouraging
something for someone kakaswi more and more
kajmawa they cuts something off for kakaswidahôzwôgan ambition
someone
kakatôlo pl kakatôloak a thick tail,
kajmawgoan one who cuts something stout tail
off for you
kakatôlôgw pl kakatôlôgwak The
kajmawok one who I cut something off Great Lizard, alligator, crocodile, stout-
for tailed one
kakatôlôgwsis pl kakatôlôgwsisak a
kak- more and more, over and salamander, a small lizard
over, increasingly kakawakw smoke dried meat
kakawikhômek pl kakawikhômekil a
kakakimômek one learns more and nightgown
more kakchi very big
kakakima they learns more and more kakebejôla congested, it is a closed
kakalozimek one is often talking nose, nose congested by a cold
kakalozit one who is often talking kakebejôlas pl kakebejôlasak
megaphone, closed-nose-person, a sea
kakalozo they is often talking
shell, also a horn, a conch shell, moose
kakasokw a clear sky, a blue sky caller

79
kakezalkamek one is loving kakhigihit the on who irritates me or us
kakezalkat a lover, one who loves kakhigizesko they is of a teasing
nature, he is a tease
kakezalmômek one has a pleasant or
loving manner; one loves someone kakhigizimek one teases, annoys
kakezalma love someone; they loves kakhigizo tease; they teases, annoys,
someone provokes
kakezatsta it is bright colored kakhigizowinno pl kakhigizowinnoak
a teasing person
kakezatstak that which is bright
colored, it is bright colored, a bright kakhigizowinnoo they is a teasing
color person, a tease
kakezawinôgw bright looking thing kaki all day
kakezidowihlômek one flies fast kakichi very big, very great
kakezidowihla fly fast; they flies fast kakigwtal boiled corn
kakezihlômek one travels very fast kakigwzôzik one roasts green corn on a
stick
kakezihlôt one who runs very fast, the
fast runner kakigwzôzo pl kakigwzôzoal green
corn roasted on a stick
kakezihla travel very fast; they travels
very fast
kakezokwazimek one makes a fast kakin- very big, strong, or brave
sound
kakezokwazo they or it makes a fast
kakinôka it is very hilly land
sound
kakinôtegwa the waves are great,
powerful
kakhig- tease kakinhôdoo they is a powerful spirit or
great spirited one
kakhigihômek one teases someone kakini very strong, brave
kakhigiha tease someone; they teases kakinijoan it is a strong current
someone kakininôgw something appearing very
kakhigihodwôgan teasing, joking great, bold, powerful
kakhigizit one who teases, they teases, kakinitolba very big turtle
the teaser kakinlôda it is very warm
kakhigihômek one irritates someone kakintôgw big sounding one, especially
kakhigiha itrritate someone; they one who uses big words
irritates someone
80
 kaklabilowat pl kaklabilowatak a boa
constrictor, one who ties up everyone,
kiki- troubled, disturbed
the tier
kaklozit a talker, one who always talks
kakiwamalsi feel troubled, disturbed,
Kakmahom Blind Man's Buff; a game
uncomfortable, restless
kakpiwi in the middle of the woods; all
kakiwamalsimek one feels troubled,
over in the woods
disturbed, uncomfortable, restless
kaksatstak that which is scarlet colored
kakiwamalso they feels troubled,
disturbed, uncomfortable, restless kakta it is very great
kakiwgwasi sleep restlessly, troubled, kakaminôgw appear sunken,
toss and turn, have a nightmare submerged
kakiwgwasimek one sleeps restlessly kakwejagw pl kakwejagol trash,
(tosses and turns, has a nightmare) rubbish, garbage
kakiwgwasowôgan restless sleep kakwenômek one takes a chance, one
throws dice; playing dice
kakiwi roundabout, in a restless fashion
kakwenôt one who takes a chance
kakiwidahôzimek one is troubled,
(throws dice)
worried, disturbed
kakwena take a chance (throw the
kakiwidahôzo they is troubled,
dice); they takes a chance (she throws
worried, disturbed
dice)
kakiwsi roundabout a little
kakwenigan pl kakweniganal dice, the
kakiwtat one who always carries taking a chance or the gambling tool
around
kakizi already after, after something
kal- (kel-) hold
takes place or will take place

kalaata indeed, truly, in fact

kakk- (kôksk-) brittle wood, or
solid material kalabidôzik one ties up something
kalabilômek one ties up someone
kakkigen it is brittle kalabiligamek one ties up
kakkigo they is brittle kalagala werewolf <Fr. loup garou
kaklabiloaik pl kaklabiloaikil a kalagwamimek one adheres to
prickly cucumber, what ties up someone
everything, Echinocystis lobata kalahamawômek one holds someone
from doing something

81
kalahamawa they holds or stops kalolôwamek one speaks for someone;
someone from doing something one proposes marriage to someone
kalajimek one freezes kalolôwat one who speaks for someone;
one who proposes marriage for someone
kalakôn pl kalakônak a cracker, a
cookie; biscuits, sea biscuits kaloldimek people discuss together or
talk something over; a marriage proposal
kalan pl kalan gallon <Eng. gallon
kalots pl kalotsak carrot <Eng. Carrots
kalas pl kalasal calash <Fr. Caleche
kalotsis pl kalotsisak radish, a little
kaliol pl kaliolal carriole <Fr. carriole,
carrot
a covered two-wheeled carriage
kalozimek one talks, speaks
kalizad pl kalizadal flannel, piece of
flannel kalozit talker, they talks, the talker, the
speaker
kalkia a quarter
kalses pl kalsesak heart playing card
kalkia azibiya a quarter of lamb
<Fr. coeur + -siz
kalnômek one holds someone
kaltlo quarter-pound <Fr. quart-louis
kalnôzik one holds something
kalna pl kalnaal a padlock; hold it or
kam- out of sight
him in hand, on lap
kalnaga act as sponsor in baptism,
holding in arms kamôji exclamation expressing
kalnagat a godparent, one who holds in astonishment, emphasis, regret
arms
kalnegoa my godfather, my god mother kamg- dive, enter water, sink
kalnigan pl kalniganak a godchild
kalo pl kaloak diamond playing card kamgo they enters into water
<Fr. Carreau
kamgwahôzik what soaks or is dipped
in water
kalo- (klo-) speak kamgwahôzo it soaks or is dipped in
water

kalolômek one speaks to someone kamgwahômek one puts someone in a

liquid to soak
kalolôt one who speaks to someone
kamgwahôzik one puts something in a
kalolôwa speak for someone; propose; liquid to soak
they speaks for him; they proposes to
him

82
kamgwaha put her or it in a liquid to Kanada Canada
soak; they soaks someone or something Kanadiô pl Kanadiôk a Canadian
in the water
kanal pl kanalal a canal
kamgwahiga soak it
kanalbot pl kanalbotal canal boat
kamgwahigan pl kamgwahiganal a <Eng. canal boat
soaked; a boiled thing
kanozas pl kanozasak a willow (any
kamgwaka throw someone or species), group name for genus Salix
something into the water
kanwa but, however, nevertheless
kamgwakhôzimek one throws themself
into water kanwa askwa however still, meanwhile

kamgwakhôzo they throws herself into kao they sleeps

water kaoldiak when we (not including one
kamgwenôzik what is soaked spoken to) are all sleeping together

kamgwenôzo it is soaked kaoldiakw when we (including one

spoken to) or you are all sleeping
kamgwenômek one soaks someone together
kamgwena soak her; they soaks kaoldimek a bed, where people sleep
someone together
kamgwigdahi jump into the water kaozadagen pl kaozadagenol a
kamgwigdahimek one jumps into cowhide
water kaozaskan pl kaozaskanak a cow horn
kamgwigdaho they jumps into water kaozawa pl kaozawak a cowhide (with
hair on)
kamgwi dive into the water kaozigamigw pl kaozigamigol a barn, a
cow barn
kamgwimek one dives into water, goes
into water kaozichi pl kaozichial cow manure
kamgwit diver, they who dives, he kaoziojawas pl kaoziojawazak a cow
dives fly
kamgwo they dives into the water kaoziozid pl kaoziozidal a cow's foot
kamiskw pl kamiskok a beaver with kaozis pl kaozisak a calf, little cow; a
young heifer
kamiskwa hunt beaver with dogs; they kaozisiya veal
hunts beaver with dogs kaoziya beef
kamiskwamek one hunts beaver with kap pl kapal a percussion-cap <Eng.
dogs cap

83
kapagak pl kapagakil a thick thing, kashijwahigan pl kashijwahiganal a
what is thick dish towel
kapagakil mkezenal thick moccasins, kashilawahômek one wipes someone
or shoes kashilawahôzi wipe self
kapagazit pl kapagazijik a thick one, kashilawahôzimek one wipes themself
one who is thick
kashilawahôzo they wipes herself
kapagizijik meljassak thick mittens
kashilawaha wipe someone; they wipes
kapay coffee <Eng. coffee, Fr. Café someone
Kapskwok Cobscook Bay, Maine, tide kashilawahiga wipe someone
water falling bay
kashilawahigan pl kashilawahiganal a
kaptin pl kaptinak the captain, a war bath towel
chief <Eng. Captian
kashiljawwan pl kashiljawwanal a
kaptinwôgan captaincy, the rank or title hand towel
of captain
kashipolômek one rubs or wipes
someone
kash- wipe kashipola rub or wipe someone; they
rubs or wipes someone
kashômek one wipes kashipotôzik one erases or wipes out
something
kasha wipe her or it; they wipes
kashipoto they erases something
kashaligemahômek one wipes nose,
wipes off nasal mucus kashipodiga erase or wipe something
kashaligemaha wipe nose, wipe off kashipodigan pl kashipodiganal an
nasal mucus; they wipes her nose eraser; a dust cloth
kashaligemahiga wipe nose kashidahozik one wipes feet
kashaligemahigan pl kashidahozo they wipes her feet
kashaligemahiganal a tissue kashowômek one wipes off someone or
kashigwawan pl kashigwawanal a face something
towel kashowa wipe off someone or
kashijwahôzik one wipes dishes something; they wipes off someone or
something
kashijwahôzo it is wiped, a dish is
wiped kashowan pl kashowanal toilet paper
kashijwaha wipe a dish; they wipes
dishes kask- wide
kashijwahiga wipe dishes

84
 kaskildômek width, a hand's width, one
makes a hand's width
kask pl kaskal cap, a fur cap
kaskis pl kaskisak cap, a little cap
kaskôgama a wide lake
kaskizit one who is wide
Kaskôgamak Skungamug, Conn. wide
pond kaskizo they is wide
kaska it is wide kasko pl kaskoak a heron
kaskak what is wide kaskoikôd pl kaskoikôdal a heron's
leg; a cattail, Typha spp.
kaskalano it is so many gallons
Kaskoimenahan Heron Island
Kaskalegômek the Friendship Dance
kaskaljas pl kaskaljasak a song
sparrow, wide belly bird kasp- accidentally, suddenly,
kaskamaakw pl kaskamaakwak a unexpectedly
beaver stick (a stick peeled by a beaver)
kaskamaakwis pl kaskamaakwisak a kaspaka throw away by mistake; they
little beaver stick, a little eating stick of throws away by mistake
a beaver
kaspakamek one throws away by
kaskaskigo pl kaskaskigoal wide or mistake
broad grass
kaspesmimek one drinks unwillingly,
kaskbagw a wide bay or lake; a river by mistake
widening into a lake
kaspesmo they drinks unwillingly, by
kaskiaik outlet, what widens (the outlet mistake
of a river which widens into a lake)
kaspi unexpectedly, unintentionally,
kaskenôzik one widens something suddenly
kaskenôzo it is widened kaspilaloka do something
kaskiga make wide, widen unintentionally, by mistake; they does
something unintentionally, by mistake
kaskigan making wide, widening
kaspilalokamek one does something
kaskigek wide thing, where it is wide unintentionally, by mistake
kaskigen it is wide kaspipidiga enter unexpectedly; they
kaskigit wide one, one who is wide enters unexpectedly
kaskigo they is wide kaspipidigamek one enters
unexpectedly
kaskijoan a wide current, it is a wide
current, the current widens kaspipidigaôna if I enter unexpectedly

85
kass- together with; so many, so kassawikhôzik one writes much
much together
kassawikhôzo they or it is marked
much together; it is directed, or ordered
kassôbaimek be born together
kasschowaldôzik as much as one wants
kassôbaiakw we (including those
of something
spoken to) are born together; we are
brothers kasschowalda as much as they wants
kassôbaiageshana if we (excluding one kasschowaldam as much of something
spoken to) had been born together; if we as they wants
were brothers kasschowaldama as much of
kassôbaiagweshana if we (including something as I want
one spoken to, or all of you had been kasschowalmômek as much as one
born together; if we were brothers; if wants of someone
you were brothers
kasschowalmôt one who wants much
kassôbaihidishana if they had been from or of someone
born together; if they had been born
brothers kasschowalma as much as they wants
from or of someone
kassôbaoak they are born together; they
are brothers together kassesin they lies down together with
someone
kassôkipoda time, so many hours,
(such a time of day), so much fallen by kassi so much, as much, so many;
shaking earth or sand (of an hourglass, together, be together with
earlier erosion of river banks) kassibia so many feet (of length)
kassômgwaki so many thousands, a kassichebigigoak they are so many
multiple of 1000 different tribes
kassônkaw so many teens, so many kassichebesoak they are thus many
teens, a number between 11 and 19 separate ones
kassakwat so many fingers, all the kassigadek many years
fingers together
kassigaden so many years, it is so many
kassakwenôzo a yard, as much as one years
pointing, distance from breast bone to
kassigadenowaiwi for many years
tips of fingers
kassigadma they is so many years old
kassakwiadôgan pl kassakwiadôganal
an inch, so many spans, span between kassikao they sleeps with someone
the thumb and partly closed fingers kassikawi sleep with someone
kassategwa so many hundreds, a kassikawimek one sleeps with someone
multiple of 100
86
kassikawishana if they slept with kassiodnem the amount they takes of
someone something
kassikawida if they sleeps with kassiodnema as much as I take
someone; let us sleep with someone kassipaamihlô the amount left
kassijiwi in a different way kassipaamihlôhôdit as many as they
kassijagigaden many dirty years left
kassik so many (much) ones kassipaamihlôk as much as there is left
kassikamigwzoak tribe, several kassipitawada so many pages, it is
families, they are many families (living piled up thus many
together), a tribe kassipimek one eats so much
kassikigek so many different kinds kassipo they eats so much
kassilawahozowôgan pl kassiponôzik one puts something
kassilawahozowôganal a dessert together
kassimeskawômek the amount one kassiponem put something together;
finds they puts something together
kassimeskawa as much or many as they kassit so many ones
finds
kassitekwigwel so many pounds
kassimijimek the amount someone eats
kassitema it is so much depth of water
kassimijia as much or many as I eat
kassiwawalemokw as much as I know
kassimijo as much or many as they eats about them
Kassinoak Augusta, Maine, from the kassiwi together with someone or
old Abenaki name Cushnoe meaning something
live together, they live together kassiwi wijiaa he is with his brother
kassinok a pack of cards, made together kassoak so many ones; there are many
by hand
kassinska tens, so many tens, a multiple
of 10 kassokamigzimek a nation, ones
nation, ones many families together
kassintahômek one strikes or kills so
many kassokamigzoak they are so many
families together, they are a tribal band
kassintaha strike or kill so many; they
strikes or kills so many kassokwenagat a few days ago, so
many days, it is a few days
kassiodnôzik the amount someoneone
takes of something kassokweni a few days, so many days,
for a few days

87
kassokweniwi in a few days, for a few kawagi instead, rather, preferably
days
kassowiak they are together kawakw- gather by picking,
kassda how many times, so many times pulling, plucking
kassitahômek one kills so many
kasstahôhôtit so many they kill kawakweniga harvest, gathering in
kasstasen so much of something (sand) kawakwenigamek one harvests,
falls gathering in
kasstasin so much someone (snow) Kawakwenigas August, The Gatherer
falls
kawakwnigawôgan the harvest
kawasen pl kawasenok a windfall
kata- prepared, ready
Kawasiwajo Mt. Kearsarge, NH, wind
fall mountain
katahôzi make self ready, prepare kawhômek one cuts something down
katahôzimek one prepares, gets ready kawhait make someone tip over or
katahôzo they gets ready, they prepares lean; cut down a tree

katahôzwôgan pl kadahôzwôganal kawhakwa cut down a tree; they cuts

preparation down a tree

katahla get ready, become prepared kawhakwamek one cuts down a tree

kataôjwôganik the preparation the day kawhakwat cutter, he cuts down a tree,
before the sabbath a tree cutter

katatôzik what is made ready kawhakwawôgan tree cutting

katatôzo make it ready, it is made ready kawhakwazit a logger, a cutter, one

who works cutting trees
katata it is prepared, it is ready
Katetin Catherine
kawho- win, acquire, gain
Katlik pl Katligak Catholic <Eng.
Catholic
kattatôzik one prepares kawhodwôgan acquisition
kawhowa win, gain, earn, acquire; they
wins
kaw- tip over, lean
kawhowamek one earns, gains,
acquires, wins
kawôgan sleep, (act of) sleeping

88
kawhowanôzik one earns, acquires,
gains, or wins something
Kchôzali The Archangle, the great
kawhowanôzo it is earned, gained, angle
acquired, or won
kchai pl kichaiak old man
kawhowanô acquire it, gain it, win it
kchaiôtb pl kchaiôtbal old man's head
kawhowana they wins something
kchai ta wskialnôba father and son
kawhowawôgan a bonus
kchaiawit he who is an old man
kchaiomega pl kichaiomegak one's
kawi sleep; something absent old man, one's deceased
grandfather
kchi big, old
kawiôgan sleepy head, one who sleeps
a lot kchi adbimen pl kchi adbimenal black
cherry, Prunus serotina
kawihlômek one falls; one falls asleep
kchi ahazasit pl kchi ahazasijik a
kawihla it falls (as a tree); they falls
tumbler
asleep
Kchi Agwda Ottawa, the big upriver
kawikhômek one dozes off, one is
place
caused to sleep
Kchi Alakws The morning, or evening
kawikha put someone to sleep; they
star, big star
puts someone to sleep
Kchiaskansek Siasconset, Maine, at the
kawimek one sleeps
place of great (whale) bones
kawit one who sleeps, a sleeper
Kchibagw Shepaug River, CT,
kawldimek sleep together; when people
Sebago Lake, Maine, great water
sleep together
kchi azib a ram, a great sheep
kawldoak they sleep together
kchi adalagakidimek a college
kawsakwta there are fallen trees; there
are fallen burned trees kchiao they or it is old
kawsowadigan pl kawsowadiganal a kchiaowit pl kchiaowijik an old one,
trapper's sled the old one, they is old
kawsowadiganis pl kawsowadiganisal kchiaosi be a little old
a small trapper's sled kchibkwedabskw pl kchibkwedabskol
kawwôgan sleeping medicine great split rock, great opened rock
kchidahômzimek one thinks themself
great
kch- big, great, old
kchidahômzo they thinks herself great
89
kchidahômo appreciate someone, think kchi paskhiganimamsak pl kchi
someone great paskhiganimamsakil a cannonball,
cannon ammunition
kchiiya pl kchiiyaak aged person
kchi patôn pl kchi patônal a cloak
kchi kezabzowôgan a high fever
Kchipôntegw Middlebury Falls, VT,
Kchikokw Bellows Falls, VT, great
great water fall
whirlpool
kchi patlihôz a parish priest, a high
kchi kots a billy goat
priest
kchi-lôbaktaigan pl kchi-
kchi pian pl kchi pianak a cable, a bir
lôbaktaiganal a piano; an organ
or great rope
kchilabial strong beer
kchisen a great stone
kchi môgis a baboon
kchi tamakwamika forest, it is a thick
kchi môhlawôgan a crowd forest
kchimahôm pl kchimahômak kchitbat it is a great thing
grandfather
kchitbidahômtam appreciate, esteem,
Kchimenahan North Hero and South think something is great
Hero, VT, big island
kchi mkôjo an artery
Kchitegw St. Lawrence River, big river
kchi mkazas pl kchi mkazasak a
kchiwigwôm pl kchiwigwômal
raven, great crow
headquarters, a big house, main house
kchi moswa pl kchi moswaal a shawl
kchi sibs kaklozitta kwanak wsogena
kchinôgwzôwôgan splendor, great macaw, the great bird that can talks with
looking a tail that is long
Kchinebesal the Great Lakes kchi sibs mziwi kagwi mijik an
Kchinebesek Shenipsit Lake, CT, at the ostrich, the great bird that eats
great lake everything

kchi ngwedômkwaki one million Kchipkwedapskwok Eagle Lake,

Maine, at the great split rock
Kchi Nikitawtegwak Sherbrooke,
Quebec, at the big fork kchisôgmô a governor

Kchi Niwaskw The Great Spirit kchi sôgmôilitbezowinno a minister of

state
kchiologask pl kchiologaskol a coarse
gut string Kchi Sôgmowi-Patlihôz The Pope

kchi paskhigan pl kchi paskhiganal a kchitegw great river

cannon, a great gun Kchisenikok Chesuncook Lake, Maine,
among the big stones
90
kchi wawilômwa pl kchi wawilômwak kebahamawa shut something for
a drone bee someone; they shuts something for
someone
kchiwlôgan pl kchiwlôganal a soup-
tureen kebahamawit one who shuts something
for me or us
kdak awani another person, other
person kebahigan pl kebahiganal a cover, a
stopper for a bottle, a cork
kdak kagwi another thing, the other
thing kebahika work at covering or stopping
up; they works at covering or stopping
Kdakinna Planet Earth, the world, the
up
globe, our land
kebahikamek one works at covering or
kdakinnoga our old country, our former
stopping up
land (including those spoken to)
kebahodwôgan imprisonment
kebahodwigamigw pl
keb- close, shut, stopped up,
kebahodwigamigol a jail, a prison, a
enclose
shut up house
kebakwhamawôn closing with a bar or
kebômbalôkw pl kebômbalôkok a pot stick
(of an old pottery form with a narrow
kebakwhigan pl kebakwhiganal a
top)
seine net which obstructs fish passage in
kebadaskaden it freezes over, it is a stream
frozen on the top
kebatôdahôzimek one deceives
kebaden it freezes shut, it freezes over themself, thinks shut in
kebahômek one closes in or imprisons kebatôdahôzo they deceives herself,
someone they thinks shut in
kebahôzik one closes in something kebazogosa redirect the water; they
kebahôzimek one is enclosed, redirects the water by blocking it
imprisoned kebazogosamek one redirects water by
kebahôzit a prisoner, the enclosed one, blocking the direction it goes
one who is imprisoned kebasokwat it is shut off by clouds,
kebaha shut or close something or completely clouded over
someone kebdonabi sit with mouth closed (shut
kebaham shut or close something; they up and sit down)
shuts or closes something kebdonabimek one sits with a closed
kebahamawômek one shuts something mouth
for someone

91
kebdonabo they sits with her mouth kebikhômek one causes someone to
closed shut
kebjôla they is congested, has a head kebikhôzik one causes something to
cold, it is a closed nose shut
kebjôlas pl kebjôlazak a sea shell, a kebikha shutting, blocking, they or it
closed nose one becomes shut or blocked
Kebek Quebec, what is frozen shut kebikham block, make something shut,
close; they blocks something
kebelabidôzik one ties something shut
kebikhigan dam, it causes it to be shut
kebelabido tie shut; they ties something
shut kebikwahômek one seals someone
kebenigamek one shuts kebikwahôzik one seals something
kebenigan pl kebeniganal a beaver kebikwaha seal someone or something;
dam, a dam they seals someone or something
kebhôzik one shuts or encloses kebikwahigamek one seals, one works
something at sealing
kebhôzo it is shut kebikwhiga seal
kebha shut; they shuts, encloses kebikwhigan pl kebigwhiganal a
sealant, an instrument that seals
kebham shut something; they shuts
something kebikwatahômek one closes someone’s
eyes by hitting
kebidôzik one bars the way, make
something closed kebikwatahôt one who closes
someones eyes by hitting
kebido bar the way, make something
closed; they bars the way, makes kebinigen pl kebinigenal a dam, it is
something closed shut
kebigôbi stand closing the passage; they Keboak Capawack or Capoag, Martha's
stands closing the passage Vineyard, Mass, enclosed harbor
kebigôbimek one stands closing the kebowaokwhôzik one buttons
passage something up
kebigen it is closed kebowaokwham button something up;
they buttons something up
kebihlômek one shuts or clocks
someone kedak pl kedagik pl kedagil other one,
other, another
kebihlôzik one shuts or clocks
something kedagihi someone’s other one or ones
kebihla shutting, blocking, they or it kedokw pl kedokok a knee
becomes shut or blocked
92
 kejawainnowôgan hypocrisy, false
virtue
kedow- (kadow-) sound, noise
kejawao they is insincere, self-
righteous
kedowbaga it is a noise in the water
kejawawaldôzik one knows something
kedowbagak when there is a noise in silly, knows a joke; one knows
the water something is a joke
kedowbagw a noise in water kejawaldam they knows something
kedowhôdoo a groan silly; they knows something is a joke,
they knows a joke
kedowiazik a sound maker, maker of
sound or noise, what makes noise kejawawalmômek one knows someone
is self-righteous, not serious; one doesn’t
kedowiazo it makes noise take someone seriously
kedowizipkwazik one calls with kejawawalmit one who doesn’t take me
squeaking noise, a squeaker, the one that or us seriously
squeaks
kejawawalma they doesn’t take
kedowizipkwazo it squeaks someone seriously, they knows someone
kedowkwazi call out, holler is just joking
kedowkwazimek one calls out kejawawaldamwôgan disbelief;
knowing something is silly
kedowkwazit one who calls out
kejawdawa think something is foolish
kedowkwazo they calls out
or silly
kedowtôgwzi hear the sound of talking
kejawidahôzimek one doubts oneself,
kedowtôgwzit one who it heard talking doesn’t take themselves seriously,
kedowtôgwzo they is heard talking doesn’t believe in themself

kedowtaiga make a knocking sound kejawidahôzwôgan self-doubt; joking,

humor, or foolishness
kedowtaigamek one makes a knocking
sound kejawidahôzo they doubts herself
kejawiwi kidding around, in fun, not
seriously doing something
kejaw- joking, not serious
kejawosa go for the fun of it; they goes
for the fun of it
kejawaimek one pretends, one is kejawosamek one goes for the fun of it
insincere
kejawaloka work for the fun of it; they
kejawainno a hypocrite, a person of works for the fun of it
false virtue

93
kejawalokamek one works for the fun kejegipha snatch and tickle someone;
of it they snatches and tickles someone
kejegos pl kejegosak a burdock, a burr;
beggars lice, Hackelia virginiana
kejeg- scratch, tickle

kejok- careless
kejegônôzik one scratches something
kejegônawômek one scratches of
tickles something for someone kejokôn pl kejokônak doll, a statue
kejegônawa scratch or tickle something kejokôzik one caresses something
for someone; they scratches or tickles
kejokam caresses something, they
something for someone
caresses
kejegônem scratch something; they
kejokamômek one caresses someone
scratches something
kejokama caress someone; they
kejegôzo they scratches
caresses someone; they plays with her
kejegenômek one tickles someone, one doll; Coochie Coochie Coo
scratches someone
kejegenôt they who scratches
kel- hold
kejegenôzik one scratches something
kejegena scratch someone, tickle
kelôgan pl kelôganal a door
someone; they tickles or scratches
someone kelôskamakwôn pl kelôskamakwônak
fish eggs
kejegenem scratch something; they
scratches something
kejegenika scratch, work at scratching kelab- tie
kejegigihlasis pl kejegigihlasisak a
chickadee, little scratching flyer
kelablika work at tying up
kejegihlômek one itches
kelablikamek one works at tying up
kejegihla become itchy; they becomes
kelabidôzik one ties something up
itchy
kelabido tie up something
kejegihlawôgan itching
kelabilômek one ties someone up
kejeginana they walks funny from
drink kelabila tie up someone
kejegiphômek one snatches and tickles kelabizimek one is tied up
someone kelabizo they is tied up

94
 kelahiganokas pl kelahiganokasak a
deadfall trapper
kelabs- grab, grip
kelajema freeze someone
kelajihla freeze, become frozen
kelabskwaha anchor it
kelajwôgan freezing, act of freezing
kelabskwahigan pl kelabskwahiganal
anchor, an anchor
kelabskwahozi anchor self keleg- in stripes, in strips

kelad- freeze kelegatsta colored in stripes or streaks

kelegikômoo fatty in streaks (as bacon)
keladam hold in mouth kelibi gravy <Eng. gravy
keladen freezes, it is frozen, it freezes keligasko tenacious, her nature is to
hold on to his property, he has a
keladenibemi freezing grease, hard fat
possessive nature
used to summer gum a canoe
kelikhama hold back, cling to avoid
kelagwamihla adheres, they becomes
being moved
stuck to something, sticks
kelikhozi hold yourself there
kelagwamo adhere; they adheres
kelnôzo it or they is held
kelaham forbid someone
kelnakwi hold to a tree
kelahamawômek one forbids someone
from doing something kelnem hold by hand
kelahamawa forbid someone of kelnema hold something or someone
something kelnemawômek one holds something
kelahamawit one who forbids me, for someone
holds or stops me or us from doing kelnemawit one who holds something
something for me or us
kelahamowadin forbidden, it is kelo pl keloak a golden eagle
forbidden, people forbid
kelokwaigan glue
Kelahigan Nulhegan, present day
Abenaki community; a dead fall trap
kelahiganika make (or set) deadfall kem- act secretly, do without
traps being seen
kelahiganikat pl kelahiganikajik
maker of deadfall traps

95
kemô pl kemôk louse, any parasitic kesbahadigan pl kezebahadigan a
insects, acts on someone without being dishwasher; a washer; an instrument
seen used in washing
kesbahadawômek one washes
something for someone
kemodn- (kamodn-) secretly take,
steal kesbahadawa wash something for
someone; they washes something for
someone
kemodnôzik one steals something kesbahalômek one washes someone
kemodna steal kesbahala wash someone; they washes
kemodnamek one steals someone
kemodnawômek one steals something kesbahalok one who I wash
from someone kesbahalzimek one washes themself
kemodnawit one who steals something kesbahalzo washes, they washes herself
from me or us
keseljômek one washes hands
kemodna steal by hand; they steals
keselja wash hands; they washes hands
kemodnaskwes pl kemodnaskwesak a
thief, a thievish person kesigwa wash face; they washes her
face
kemodnawôgan stealing, theft
kesigwamek one washes ones face
kemodnem steal something; they steals
something kesilowis pl kesilowisak a sparrow

kemosa disappear walking; sun going

down (said after noon) ket- (kwet-) lower, sink; set down
kemosamek one disappears walking

ketalômek one lowers someone

kes- wash ketatôzik one lowers something
ketatôzo it is lowered
kesbahadôzik one washes something ketato lower something; they lowers
kesbahado wash something; they something
washes something ketatawômek one sets someone or
kesbahadigamek one washes something before someone, lowers for
them
kesbahadiga wash; they washes, they
does a wash ketatawôhôdit they set someone or
something before them

96
ketatawa set someone or something ketmôgidahômgwzo they is thought
before someone; they sets someone or low, pitiful
something before someone ketmôgidahôzimek one considers
themself pitiful
ketmôg- low, miserable, pitiful, ketmôgidahôzo they considers herself
poor pitiful, they feels sorry for herself
ketmôgigo they is pitiful
ketmôgôwzimek one lives miserably ketmôgigen it is pitiful
ketmôgôwzo they lives miserably, is a ketmôgihômek one is low, poor,
low-life miserable
ketmôgalgawôgan charity, pity, mercy ketmôgiha pathetic, miserable, poor;
they is poor, miserable, low
ketmôgalmômek one pities someone
ketmôgihlômek one becomes miserable
ketmôgalma they pities someone, is
merciful, offers charity to someone ketmôgihla become miserable; they
becomes miserable
ketmôgalmegwan when one shows
compassion for you ketmôgihodwôgan poverty, misery
ketmôgalmegwzo they is pitied ketmôginôgwat something looks
poorly, it appears pitiful, miserable
ketmôgalmezimek one pities themself
ketmôgitbihlômek one becomes in
ketmôgalmezia when I pity myself
poor condition
ketmôgalmezo they pities herself
ketmôgitbihla become in poor
ketmôgalmit one who pities, shows condition, be miserable, unfortunate
compassion, or has mercy on me or us
ketmôgitbihlawôgan misery
ketmôgalmina pity us, have
ketmôgseswôgan poverty, misery
compassion for us
ketmôgtôgwzo they sounds pitiful, they
ketmôgaloka cause misery; they work
laments
to lower
ketmôgwzo they is a poor person
ketmôgalokamek one works to cause
misery Ketwôgan the Word; the word of God
ketmôgi low, pitiful, poor
ketmôgidahômômek one feels sorry kez- quick; abundant, strong
for someone
ketmôgidahôma pity her, think her low, kezôbo a clear soup; water from boiled
feel sorry for her; they feels sorry for meat; a quick broth
someone
kezôboka make clear soup; make broth
97
kezôbokamek one makes clear soup;
one makes broth kezab- hot, warm
kezôbokan making clear soup or broth
kezôgihlômek when one gets strongly
kezabada hot water
bent
kezabakwta a brand, it is a hot stick
kezôgihla they or it gets strongly bent
kezabda it is hot
kezômahlômek one runs
kezabdak a burning thing, a hot thing
kezômahlôt a runner, one who runs
kezabdalômsen a warm wind, it blows
kezômahla run; they runs
warm
kezôtegwasimek one oversleeps
kezabzem warm something up
kezôtegwaso oversleeps, they
kezabzemômek warm someone or
oversleeps
something of someone’s up
kezôwadik ginseng, the valuable one,
kezabzema warm something up for her;
Panax quinquefolium; a valuable thing,
warm her up
it is valuable, esteemed expensive
kezabzimek one is warm
kezôwado worth a lot, valuable, dear;
he is important, esteemed kezabzo they is warm
kezahôzimek one is affectionate kezabzowôgan fever, state of heat
kezahôzit the affectionate one, one who kezabzozimek one warms themself
likes people kezabzozit one who warms themself
kezahôzo they is affectionate, they likes kezabzozo they warms herself
people
kezabwezo they becomes hot, they
kezahôzowôgan affection warms up
kezahôzitawômek one caresses
someone, caresses a part of someone
kezal- love, like
kezaôzitawa caress someone; they
caresses something of or for someone,
they caresses a part of someone’s body kezaldôzik one loves something
kezkalzi pl keskalzial wide water kezaldak something they likes or loves
weeds, thick standing grass in a river
kezaldam they loves or likes something
kezkeja rubbish, it is junk
kezaldami something dear, beloved
kezkejagwa pl keskejagwak Canada
kezaldigan a loved one, a sweetheart
jay, moose bird, junk bird, Perisoreas
canadensis kezalgamek one loves, one is in love

98
kezalga they loves, they is in love kezalzit one who is proud, the proud
one
kezalmôan when you love him or them
kezalzo they loves herself
kezalmôak when we (excluding one
spoken to) love him or them kezalzowôgan self love, pride
kezalmôakw when all of you love him kezebadahiga boil water; they boils
or them; when we (including one spoken water
to) love him or them kezebadahigamek one boils water
kazalmômek one loves someone kezebagihla water flows fast
kezalmôt one who loves him or them kezebagitan the current flows fast
kezalmôhôdit those who love him or kezelômsek when it blows
them
kezelômsen the wind it blows
kezalma love someone; they loves
someone kezelômseninebes pl
keselômseninebesal a windy lake
kezalmak they love someone
kezelômsenok when it is windy
kezalmegoan one or ones who love you
kezenôgwat it appears quickly, it shows
kezalmegoak one or ones who love us up quickly
(exluding those spoken to)
kezgitdonabilômek one hangs someone
kezalmegoakw one or ones who love us with a noose
(including those spoken to); one or ones
who love all of you kezgitdonabila hang someone with a
noose; they hangs someone with a noose
kezalmelan when I love you
kezgitdonabilôt a hangman, one who
kezalmelak when we love you hangs someone with a noose
kezalmelakw when I or we love all of kezgitdonabizi be hung with a noose,
you be strangled tied with a rope
kezalmian when you love me or us kezgitdonabizimek one is hung with a
kezalmiakw when all of you love me or noose
us kezgitdonabizo they is hung with a
kezalmit one who loves me or us noose
kezalma love, like someone kezgitdonabizwôgan a noose, a tied
hanging rope
kezalmok when I or we love him or
them kezgitdonanômek one chokes or
strangles someone
kezalzimek one is proud, one loves
themselves kezgitdonana choke, strangle; they
chokes or strangeles someone
kezalzi be proud

99
kezgitdonantowôgan hanging, the act kezigihlimek one is keen; something
of hanging a person sharp
kezibanakw a tree squeak kezigihlo it is sharp, quick cutting; they
is intelligent
kezibia paddle quickly
kezigo they grows fast
kezibiamek one paddles quickly
kezigit one who grows fast
kezigwahlôt pl kezigwahlôjik a
kezibs- make a hissing noise
bicycle, what rolls fast, one who rolls
fast
kezibskw pl kezibskol horsetails, kezigwahla roll fast; they rolls fast
scouring rushes, the hissing plant,
kezihlômek one flies or goes fast
Equisetum spp.
kezihlôt one who flies fast, the fast flier
kezibskwazimek one makes a hissing
sound kezihla fly fast; they goes or flies fast
kezibskwazo they or it makes a hissing kezihlawôgan running, flying or going
noise quickly
kezidahômômek one favors someone, kezijoan the current flows fast
one thinks strongly of someone kezikôwamadwôgan a sudden illness
kezidahôma favor someone; they kezikôwi sudden, abrupt, brusque
thinks strongly of someone
kezikôwinôgw appear to be abrupt
kezidaldôzik one considers something
kezikôwiwi suddenly, abruptly, harshly
kezidaldam consider something; they
considers something kezikladen it freezes fast

kezidaldowôgan consideration kezimôjagimek one grows up fast

kezimôjago they grows up fast

kezig- sore, lame kezinahlôzik what splits fast

kezinahla it splits fast

keziganata they is sore; they is lame; kezinhagahlômek one shudders

they has rheumatism kezinhagahla shudder; they shudders
keziganasma a numb feeling in legs kezinhagahlekw they makes me numb
with fear, they makes my body shiver or
be numb with fear
kezigi- sharp; intelligent
kezipimek one eats fast
kezipo eat fast; they eats fast
kezigihlik the sharp one, it is sharp

100
kezitan swift current kibagôlômek one throws someone over
kezitasek it strikes hard or fast; what kibagôla throw someone over; they
falls hard throws someone over
kezitasik they strikes hard or fast; one kibaka throw over, tip over by throwing
falls hard kibakamek one throws something or
kezitasimek one falls down hard or fast someone down or over
kezitasit one who falls down hard or kibakan throwing over, throwing down
fast kibakanômek one throws someone
kezkwitahômek one clubs someone down by hand
kezkwitaha strike someone; they kibakana throw someone down by
strikes someone hand; they throws someone down by
hand
kezosa walk fast; they walks fast, goes
fast kibakwihla a tree becomes tipped over
kezosamek one walks or goes fast kibakwsin a tree is tipped over
kezosawôgan fast walking kibihlômek one tips over, falls down,
leans
kezowadôzik one carries something
quickly kibihlôzik something tips over, falls
down, leans
kezowadam carry something quickly;
they carries something quickly kibihla they or it tips over, falls down,
leans
kezowalômek one carries someone
quickly kibosamek someone or something goes
over or falls over
kezowala carry someone quickly; they
carries someone quickly kibosa they or it falls over or goes over
ki pl kial the earth, land, ground, soil, a kiblômsen a blowdown, it tips over
farm from the wind
kia you, yours kibmômek one tips someone over
kiak to you, in you, for you, by you kibma tip someone over; they tips
someone over
kiaktta in yourself, for yourself, to
yourself, of yourself kibnem lay something over by hand,
upset or tip over something by hand
kiatta yourself
kibtahômek one shoots someone down
kibtahôzik one shoots something down
kib- overturn, tip over

101
kibtaha shoot someone or something kigawinno pl kigawinnoak a
down; they knocks or shoots someone physician, a curing person
down kiiadbimen pl kiiadbimenal a ground
kibtasen it falls down, it lies tipped cherry, Physalis heterophylla
over
kibtasin they falls down, they lies kikô- curse
tipped over
kidôba pl kidôbak your friend
kikôdôzik one curses something
kikôdam curse something; they curses
kigôw- orphaned something
kikômômek one curses someone
kigôwaldowôgan considering someone kikôma curse someone; they curses
orphaned someone
kigôwi orphaned
kigôwia pl kigôwiak an orphan kikômki- at the base or foot of
kigôwihlômek one becomes orphaned something
kigôwihla become orphaned; they
becomes orphaned
kikômkijoan at the foot of the rapids
kikômkiwajo at the base of the
kiga- heal mountain
kikômkiwi do something at the base (of
a mountain of hill)
kigahômek one cures someone
kikômkwa pl kikômkwak carp, sucker,
kigahôt one who cures him
a cursed fish
kigaha cure someone; they cures
kikôn pl kikônal a field
someone
kikôniwôbikwsos pl
kikanôbi pl kikanôbial a garter, the
kikôniwôbikwsosak a vole, a little field
garter berry leaf, curing string
mouse
kigatôzik one cures something
Kikôntegw the Chaudiere River, the
kigatôzo it is cured (as in a disease or field river
sickness)
kikamek one plants, one works the
kigawômek one cures earth
kigawa cure; they cures kika plant, sow; they plants or works
the soil

102
kikadin the time of sowing or planting kikhôma scold someone, insult
someone; they scolds or insults someone
kikhôdôzik berate something
kikaibadades pl kikaibadadesak a
seed potato, a planted potato kikhôdam swear at something; they
berates or swears at something
kikaimen pl kikaimenal seed for
sowing, a planting berry
kiki- pay attention, observe
kikaj- close on the ground, near to
on the ground kikigami preach
kikigamimek one preaches
kikajelodigana on the ground near the kikigamin preaching
fence
kikigamo they preaches
kikajita close together, dense, nearby
on ground kikigtawômek one listens and obeys to
someone
kikajiwi close to edge, nearby on the
ground kikigtawôzik one listens to and obeys
to something (like rules)
kikajiwi chebessagahiganek against
the wall kikigtawa pay attention to someone,
obey someone; they pays attention in
kikakwa near a tree, the base of a tree, order to obey someone
close to a tree
kikigtam listen to someone or
Kikas May, Planter moon something, pay attention with purpose of
kikawôgan pl kikawôganal planting, obeying or heeding
cultivation, act of sowing
kikawinno pl kikawinnoak farmer, kikij- sensitive, tender
sower, planter, field maker, land worker
kikesigwa wash face; they washes her
face kikijigek what is tender, sore
kikijigen it is tender, sore
kikh- insult, berate, injure by kikijigit one who is tender, sore
words kikijigo they is tender, sore

kikhômômek one scolds or insults kikim- pay attention quietly,

someone observe secretly, spy

103
kikimôbamômek one peeps at kikinamawa look at something for her;
someone, cautiously steals a look at they looks at something for someone
someone or something that is happening kikinamawit one who looks at
kikimôbama peep at someone, something for me or us
cautiously steal a look at someone, kikinamothlômek one shows
something; they peeps at someone something to someone
kikimôdwa whisper, talk secretly kikinamothla show something to her;
they shows something to someone
kikimigawômek one comes to someone kikinawômek one looks upon someone
secretly kikinawa look at someone; they looks
kikimigawa come to someone secretly; at someone
they comes to someone secretly kikinawadimek when people look at
kikimiwi secretly or stealthily do each other
something kikinawadoak they look at each other
kikimkawômek one very secretly
comes upon someone surprising them
kikinohom- (kinohom-) preach
kikimkawa surprise someone, very
secretly come upon someone; they
surprises someone by secretly coming kikinohomômek one preaches, one
upon them causes others to see what is hidden
kikimosa walk very secretly, quietly kikinohoma preach to him, cause him
kikimosamek one walk very secretly, to see what is hidden; they preaches to
quietly someone
kikimosat a stalker, the stealthy walker, kikinohomôwadimek people preach to
one who walks very quietly each other
kikinôzimek one is observed, looked at kikinohomôwadoak they preach to
each other
kikinôzik what is observed, looked at
kikinohomaokw you all preach
kikinôzo they or it is observed, looked
at kikinohomassi preach <Eng. Mass
kikina look at kikinohomassia when I preach, when I
do Mass
kikinam look at something; they looks
at something kikinohomassimek one preaches, holds
Mass
kikinamawômek someone looks at
something of or for someone kikinohomassinômek preach to
someone

104
kikinohomassina preach to someone; kimimôja go secretly, go into hiding
they preaches to someone kiminalôt spy on her
kikinohomasso they preaches kiminkawinno undercover worker, a
kikinohomassosa go about preaching; person who works secretly, a tricky
they goes about preaching person
kikinohomassosamek one goes about kiminkawinnoit spy, agent, they who
preaching works secretly
kikinomassi preach kiminto they sings softly
kikinomassimek one preaches kimiwawisi learn secretly, know what's
going on
kikinomasso preach to her; they
preaches to someone kimiwi secretly
kikinomassowinno pl kimkawômek one stalks someone
kikinomassowinnoak a preacher kimkawa they stalks someone
kimkika plant secretly
kiktah- poke, nudge, prod kimkikan planting secretly
kimkwezo educate, they is taught,
kiktaha poke, prod or nudge someone educated
kiktam listen to, pay attention to kimosa walk secretly, go quietly
kiktawa listen to someone kimosan walking secretly, going quietly
kilowô you (plural indefinite number) kimskasimek one stands secretly, one
still hunts, hunts secretly and goes
kilowôwô you (plural indefinite
quietly
number)
kimskasit a still hunter, they who
stands secretly, a spy
kim- secretly, stealthily
kimskaso they goes quietly, still hunts,
or spies
kimi secretly kimskasoldimek when people go still
kimi miwosamek one dodges someone hunting, go spying

kimi wlito make something secretly kimskasoldin spying, still hunting by

several persons
kimibia paddle quietly
kimskasoldoak they are going or
kimigawa come on her secretly engaged in still hunting, they are spying
kimiligeda jump stealthily to surprise
someone
kin- brave, strong, much, very
105
 kinadena a high mountain
kinôba pl kinôbak a brave man kinaga look
kinôbagw pl kinôbagok the head lake kinagan looking
of a chain or river system kinaka throw hard; they throws hard;
kinôbai pl kinôbaiyak be a brave man they is proud of herself
kinôbaimek one is brave, one dares kinakwiga the big woods; many stout
trees
kinôbao he is brave
kinakwla shine strong, she, it shines
kinôbawôgan braveness, courage
strong
kinôgwi be seen; seemingly
kinakwlaazo flashes
kinôgwimek one is observed or looked
kinam they looks at something
at
kinamothlômek one shows something
kinôgwit observed, the one seen, one
to someone
who is looked at
kinamothla show to someone; they
kinôka an up slope, it is a steep up
shows something to someone
slope
kinamothlowamek one shows
kinôkkaa steep hilly land
something
kinôko a down slope, it is a steep down
kinamothlowa show something; they
slope
shows something
kinôtego big waves, there are big waves
kinassakwhlaazo it is well illuminated,
kinôdokawômek one directs, tells, or it is bright
teaches someone
kinassakwzoma it is well illuminated,
kinôdokawa direct, tell, or teach well lighted
someone
kinatego rough water, there are strong
kinôzi look at self; be looked at waves, many waves
kinôzimek one looks at them self; one kinatsôzik ripe thing, something with
is being looked at bright color
kinôzik what is looked at kinatsôzit ripe one, one with bright
kinôzo it or they is looked at; they looks color
at herself kinatsôzo it is colored, they has bright
kina look, see color

kinabda it is very warm kinatsta brightly colored

kinadaka they acts proudly kinawôbadamwôgan a teaching

example
kinadakamek one acts proudly

106
kinawôbadigan wji sôkhôsaik an kinhôdo a disturbance, they makes a
omen, an example of what’s to come disturbance, noise, trouble; they is strong
kinawôlômek one looks after someone, kinhôdoit a troublemaker, a
takes care of someone noisemaker, one who makes a
disturbance
kinawôla look after someone, take care
of someone; they looks after someone kini very, much, strong, brave
kinawôlit a caretaker, one who takes kinichowidahômdôzik one has strong
care of someone desire for things, one is greedy
kinawa look at, see someone kinichowidahôdak a strong desire for
things, greed
kinawakamigwzowôgan an honest life
kinichowidahôdam be greedy; they has
kinawatôzik one mark something
a strong desire for things
identifiable
kini kidôzit a scholar
kinawato they marks someone
kinibôgkaak that which is a very rough
kinawi such a person, thing, way, time,
land
or place
Kinibôgka Kennebunk Port, Maine,
kinawitôzik what is marked
very rough ground place
kinawitôzo it is marked
kinibakw pl kinibakol a large leaf
kinawitiga show, indicate
kinibegwioo dusty, it is very dusty
kinawitigan pl kinawitiganal an
Kinibisagaiak Kenduskeag, Maine,
indicator, a sign, a marker
meaning the Indians living in the bush
kinawito mark
kinibisaga very bushy, very thick
kinawiwi in a certain way, place or time growth of bushes
kinasokwat it is very cloudy kinidahôdam think of or regard
Kinebak Kennebec River, Maine, at the something as great
big or high water kinidahôma think of or regard someone
kinebaga the water is high as great; they thinks holds someone in
high regard
kinebagat it is very high water
kinidahômzimek one thinks of
kinebagoik strong tide place, it is a themself as important, one is egotistical
strong tide
kinidahômzo egotistical, they thinks
Kinebagw Kennebago Lake, the large herself important
water or lake
kinidahômzowôgan egotism, thinking
kinesmimek one drinks much self great
kinesmo they drinks much

107
kinidahôzik one focuses, thinks hard kinitôzimek one is well made, strong
about doing something kinitôzo they is well made
kinidahôzwôgan focus, thinking hard kinitowômek one is bearded strongly
about doing something
kinitowôt one who is bearded strongly,
kinidahôzo focus; they focuses on doing has a thick beard
something, they thinks hard about
something kinitowa he is bearded strongly, he has
a thick beard
kinidowsao it flies up strongly, it flies
up a lot (especially said of dust) kiniwajoika mountainous, there are
very many mountains
kinigdahimek one jumps hard
kinjagabda it is very damp and warm
kinigdaho they jumps hard
kinjames pl kinjamesak a king, king
kinigo they is brave James
kinigwagihlômek one bleeds a lot Kinjamesak Epiphany, Twelfth Day,
kinigwagihlôt a bleeder, one who the Kings
bleeds a lot kinjamesigamigw a castle, a palace
kinigwagihla bleed a lot, lose much kinjamesimaksa pl kinjamesimaksaal
blood; they bleeds a lot a government issue blanket, a king's
kinijema strong water, very deep water blanket
kinijoan it is a strong current, a strong kinjamesis pl kinjamesisak a prince
rapid kinjamesiskwa pl kinjamesiskwak a
kinigômimek one is obese queen
kinigômo they is obese Kinjamesiskwaigisgom Queen's Day
kinikezabda it is very hot kinjamesiskwasis pl
kinjamesiskwasisak a princess
kinilawahlômek one is enraged
kinjamesiwi richly, in a wealthy way
kinilawahla be enraged; they is very
angry, they gets strong feelings kinjameswôgan pl kinjameswôganal
kingdom or kingship, majesty
kinimzimek one talks herself brave,
talks to make self brave kinjameswasolkwôn a crown
kinimzo they talks herself brave, they kinjameswasolkwôn kôwiziya a crown
talks to make herself brave of thorns
kininôgw an exclamation of mild kinjameswi pl kinjameswial a
surprise, as my goodness kingdom
kinipôgwad shallow, it is very shallow
kinipmakhadin a big dance

108
kinjameswitbaldamwôgan pl kintôgwzowôgan bravado, sound
kinjameswitbaldamwôganal a strong
kingdom, king's ownership kintegw pl kintegok great river
kinjamesimek one boasts kiona we (including people spoken
kinjameso they is a mighty talker with)
kinkezelômsen a gust, it blows hard, a kiowô you all, all of you
strong wind kipôgwa pile, it is piled up, there is a
kinkwazimek one makes a loud noise pile
kinkwazo they makes a loud noise kipôgwazek medicine plants piled up,
where it is piled up
kinlômsek windy, when it blows hard
kinlômsen it blows hard, a hard wind
kinlôwzimek one feels well kip- moving to shore
kinlôwzo they feels well
kinlôwzowôgan strong health kipagwiji swim ashore

kinlodmômek one sells dearly kipagwijimek one swims ashore

kinlodma sell him dearly; they sells kipagwijin swimming ashore

dearly kipagwijo they swims ashore
Kinnebi Canobie Lake, NH, abundant kipakik the shore, the edge of land
water along the water
kipakiwi away from the water, an
kinohom- (kikinohom-) preach inland
kipenasimek one pulls a canoe out of
the water
kinohomôwadimek one reaches
kipenasi pull a canoe out of the water
kinohoma preach, they preaches
kipenaso they pulls a canoe out of the
kinohomassin preaching water
kinohomassossa baptism kipibiamek one paddles ashore
kinoligisgat a nice day, it is a very fine kipibia paddle ashore; they paddles
day, it is nice and sunny ashore
kinomôwadwôgan preaching kipigwzimek one crawls ashore
kinomassi preach kipigwzo they crawls ashore
kinosalwa guide, direct kipiwi in the woods away from shore
kinskaden it freezes hard kipiwioo a forest away from the shore

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kipiwsi a small woods, in the little kitadasi sharpen something, be
woods sharpening
kiposamek one disembarks (from a kitadasimek one sharpens
canoe, now a car) kitadasit a sharpener, one who sharpens
kiposa disembark, go ashore to land kitadaso they sharpens
(now step out of a car); they gets out
kitadaswôgan sharpening, act of
kipothadin a disembarking, people sharpening by grinding
disembark
kitadawômek one sharpens something
kisgadiwi day time, in the daytime for someone
kisgak when it is daytime kitadawa sharpen for him; they
kisgat it is daytime sharpens something for someone
kisokw a day; the weather kitado they sharpens something
kispôwdôzik one scares something kitadowôgan pl kitatowôganal
whetstone, sharpening stone
kispôwlômek one scares someone
kitadowôganabskw pl
kispôwla scare someone; they scares
kitadowôganabskok a whetstone rock
someone
kitadowôganisibosis whetstone brook
Kitaden Mount Katadin, Maine, the
kit- great
great mountain
kitagamigw the mainland, the land, the
kitôdeb pl kitôdebal a big head, a well- earth
informed person
kitahôdo pl kitahôdoak a big creature,
kitôdebes pl kitôdebesak a big headed a great fellow
person, a well-informed person, an
kitakwam pl kitakwamak a great tree
important person
kitakwikok in the deep woods
kitôgama a big lake
kitalômek one sharpens someone
kitala sharpen someone; they sharpens
kita sharpen; hear, listen
someone
kitamakw a lake trout, great fish
kitaôwdi pl kitaôwdial a highway,
kitamassit one who is listening
main road, great road, main trail
kitamo they listens to something
kitadôzik one sharpens something
kitapska pl kitapskol a great rock
kitadôzo it is sharpened
kitaskidôba pl kitaskidôbak a
grownup person
110
Kitaskok The Great Serpent kiwôlagw pl kiwôlagol a cellar, a
ground hole
kitatôgan pl kitatôganal a whet stone
kiwadiali go about hunting
kitawômek one hears something from
someone kiwadialimek one goes about hunting
kitawa listen to someone kiwadialit one who goes about hunting
kitawawamatôzik when it is perceived, kiwadialo they goes about hunting
when someone feels something or kiwagakimômek one goes about
physically in body and mind teaching
kitawawamatôzo it is perceived, felt kiwagakimôt one who goes about
(describing conjuring); they perceives or teaching, they goes about teaching
feels it
kiwagakima go about teaching; they
kitawi listen to me goes about teaching
kitawit one who hears something of me kiwagwijimek one goes about
or us swimming
kitekhadin a great dancing kiwagwijo they goes about swimming
kitenaga pl kitenakol a great island kiwaka throw around, throw away in
kitkanômek one pulls out someone different places
kitkanôzik one pulls out something kiwakamek one throws around
kitkana pull her or it out; they pulls kiwakan throwing around
someone or something out Kiwakwa the forest wanderer (a
kitolagw pl kitolagol a large ship mythical cannibal giant with ice in his
stomach)
kitolagwiiwassakwhlanigan a beacon,
a lighthouse, a guiding light for Kiwakwasis a cedar waxwing, a little
watercraft Kiwakw
kiwakwigôbimek one takes a walk
around in the woods
kiwakwigôbo they takes a walk around
kiw- around, about, wander
in the woods
kiwaloka work around, here and there
kiwôbodi lookout, look around
kiwalokamek one works around, here
kiwôbodimek people lookout or look and there (working odd jobs)
around for each other
kiwalokawôgan working here and there
kiwôbodiadena lookout mountain
kiwanahimek one travels aimlessly
kiwôbodoak they lookout for each
kiwanaho they travels aimlessly
other
111
kiwanaskwahlômek one becomes kiwhlowadaka they acts foolishly
dizzy kiwhlowadakamek one acts foolishly
kiwanaskwahla they becomes dizzy kiwhlowalga they is foolish
kiwanaskwalhawôgan dizziness; kiwhlowalgamek one is foolish
giddiness
kiwhlowalgat one who is foolish
kiwanaskwazimek one staggers, is
dizzy kiwhlowalgawôgan foolishness

kiwanaskwazo they staggers, is dizzy kiwhlowi kinigit one who is foolishly

brave
kiwanowinno pl kiwanowinnoak a
hobo, a wandering person kiwhlowi palhamwôgan a blunder, a
foolish error
kiwawizi go around picking berries
kiwhlowidahôzimek one thinks
kiwawizimek one goes around picking foolishly
berries
kiwhlowidahôzo they thinks foolishly
kiwawizit one who picks berries
kiwhlowidahôzwôgan foolishness,
kiwesmimek one drinks around, here foolish thinking
and there
kiwhlowinôgwzo they looks stupid
kiwhlowitôgwzo they sounds stupid
kiwesmo they drinks around, here and
there kiwhlowiwi crazed, out of one's mind,
foolishly
kiwhlômek one wanders
kiwhla wander; they wanders
kiwi around, about
kiwhlawôgan wandering, going about

kiwidahôzimek one thinks with

kiwhlo- foolish scattered ideas, thinks vague thoughts
kiwidahôzo they thinks with scattered
kiwhlo senile, they is wandering in her ideas, he thinks vague thoughts
mind, they can't concentrate kiwidahôzwôgan scattered thought or
kiwhlohoso scatterbrained, her mind idea, a vague idea
wanders a little, they is a bit foolish kiwidoimek one flies around
kiwhlotôgwat nonsense, it sounds kiwidoit one who flies around
foolish
kiwidoo flies around; they flies about
kiwhlotôgwzo they sounds foolish
kiwigazibokamek one explores a river
kiwhlowôgan senility, foolishness,
mind wandering, madness
112
kiwigaziboka explore a river; they kiwiwawizo they looks for news
explores the river kiwkamek one works around, hunts
kiwigwesenodamômek one goes around, or travels around
around gathering news or information by kiwka work around, hunt around, travel
listening around; they works around, hunts
kiwigwesenodama go gather news by around, travels around
listening, go listen to get information; kiwkannikhozimek one travels about,
they goes around gathering news or one causes self to travel about
information by listening
kiwkannikhozo they travels about,
kiwihlômek one wanders causes self to travel about
kiwihla wander; they wanders kiwkannit one who travels about
kiwihlawôgan act of wandering kiwkanno they travels about
kiwijwabimek one goes about selling kiwkannowinno pl kiwkannowinnoak
kiwijwabo they goes about selling a traveler, a person who travels around
kiwigôbimek one takes a little walk or kiwkawôgan act of traveling around
stroll kiwkawinno pl kiwkawinnoak a hiker
with a pack
kiwigôbo they takes a little walk, they kiwkigoimek one roams around
strolls around the vicinity
kiwigôbowôgan a short walk around, a kiwkigoo they roams around
stroll
kiwkigwitôzik one bums around
kiwimôshagadahômbimek one goes
sightseeing, one goes around seeing kiwkigwito they bums around
strange things kiwkigwinno pl kiwkigwinnoak a
kiwimôshagadahômbo they goes hobo, a roamer, a tramp
sightseeing, they goes around seeing kiwmiskwko a beaver travels about
strange things
kiwsôba pl kiwsôbak a wanderer
kiwimôshagadahômbowôgan act of
kiwsat one who walks around, they
sightseeing
walks around
kiwitôzik one hints about something
kiwta they travels carrying a pack; a
kiwitam hint at something; they hints at pack peddler, hiker, traveling trader
something
kiwtana a portage, a carry around
kiwitamwôgan a hint, act of hinting
kiwtawôgan portaging, carrying
kiwiwawizimek one looks for news,
goes around picking for information

113
kiwtawinno pl kiwtawinnoak a kizôgenômek one can bend something
travelling trader, traveling with baggage by hand
on his back, a fur trader kizôgenôzik one can bend something by
hand
kiz- already, has, finished, kizôgenem they can bend someone or
complete; can, able to something by hand; after they bends
someone or something by hand
kizôjihlômek one prepares, gets ready;
kizôba pl kizôbak a finished man, an
one is ready
adult male
kizôjihla get ready; they gets ready;
kizôbaimek one is a man, an adult male
they is ready
kizôbai be a man, an adult male
kizôlkwôn pl kizôlkwônal corn hair
kizôbait the one who is a finished man,
kizômek when one cooks, prepares
he is a man
someone
kizôbak dawn, when it is already dawn,
kizômkamek one can bet; one has bet
at day light
kizômka they can bet; they has bet
kizôbamgwak an advantage
kizônhlikamek one killed someone
kizôban daybreak, after it whitens, after
it becomes light, is day light kizônhlika they killed someone
kizôbao he is a man kizônkohlômek one has sold someone
or something
kizôbiksimek one packs, makes a pack,
packs up kizônkohlôt one who has sold someone
or something
kizôbiksi pack, make a pack, pack up
kizônkohla they has sold someone or
kizôbikso they packs, makes a pack,
something
packs up
kizôwzikhômek one is able to make a
kizôjimek one gets ready, prepares
living or make able to live
kizôjo get ready; they is ready, prepared
kizôwzikhôt one who is able to make a
kizôdokazimek one has spoken living or make able to live
kizôdokazo they has spoken kizôwzikha they is able to make a
kizôdokazoak they have talked living or make able to live

kizôhômek one can bend someone kizôwzmek one can live, is able to live

kizôha they can bend someone kizôwzit one who can live, they is able
to live
kizôgitôzik one can bend something
kizôwzo they is able to live
kizôgito they can bend something

114
kizôzik what has been whittled; when kizakamek one can throw; one has
one cooks, prepares something thrown
kizôzo a whittled thing, it is already cut, kizaka they can throw; they has thrown
it is made by cutting kizakan already thrown
kiza cook, prepare someone or kizakizôzimek one has cut something
something; someone cooks, prepares to a certain shape
someone
kizakizôzo they has cut something to a
kizabimek one already sits, rests certain shape
kizabo they already sits, rests kizalokamek one is able to work; one
kizagakimômek one finishes teaching has worked
someone kizaloka be able to work; have worked;
kizagakima finish teaching someone; they is able to work; they has worked
they finishes teaching someone kizanohômek one is able to buy
kizagakimezimek one is self taught; someone; one has bought someone
one is able to teach self kizanohôzik one is able to buy
kizagakimezo they is self taught; they something; one has bought something
is able to teach herself kizanohom be able to buy; have bought
kizagen pl kizagenol a finished hide someone or something; they is able to
(dressed or tanned) buy; they has bought someone or
something
kizagenôzik one completes tanning a
hide kizanohomawômek one is able to buy
something for someone; one bought
kizagena finish tanning a hide; they
something for someone
completes tanning a hide
kizanohomawa be able to buy
kizagidôzik one is able to read; one has
something foe her, already bought
read
someone something
kizagidôzo they has read something
kizanohomawit one who can buy
kizagidam be able to read; did read; something for me or us; one who already
they is able to read; they did read bought something for me or us
kizagizimek one can count or read kizaskeda it is dry and hard
kizagizo they can count, they can read kizatawa bloomed, it is in bloom, has
kizahlagôjimek one is very ready, bloomed, already blooming
standing by kizatsôzimek one is already colored
kizahlagôjo they is very ready, standing kizatsôzik what is colored already
by
kizatsôzit the ripe one, one who is
already colored
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kizatsôzo colored, they is colored kiziao they can stay somewhere, they
already can be somewhere
kizatso colored, it is already colored, kiziba kalômloôzik declarable, should
ripe be declared
kizatsta ripened, it has become colored kiziba kigatôzik curable
kizatsto colored, they already becomes kiziba nôskawômek attackable
ripe kiziba sidaldamasimek grantable
kizawakaktôzo able to be used kizibaga the leaves are complete
kizawakato they is able to use kizibasitôzik one is able to make a
something liquid
kizebaham after there is water, after ice kizibasito be able to make a liquid; they
has gone is able to make a liquid
kizejagena finish roasting something kizidôzik someone has made
kizegisgak after the day is over something, it has been made
kizelôk when it has finished raining kizidôzo made, it is already made, it
was made
kizelôn it has finished raining
kizidahôm decided about someone, has
kizem they cooks, prepares something
reached an opinion about someone
kizemawi cook, prepare something,
kizidahôda decide (after thinking about
someone for me
something)
kizemlikido after he does much, works
kizidahômdowôgan a decision
strongly, causes much trouble
kizidahôzik one has made a decision
kizesmimek one able to drink
kizidahôzikhômek one convinces or
kizesmit one who can drink
persuades someone
kizesmo they can drink
kizidahôzikha convince her; they
kizi already, have done, after, completed convinces someone
action, finished
kizidahôzit one who decided, the
kizi adlôgwipimek after supper decider
kizi paskwaipimek after lunch kizidahôzo they has decided
kizi paskwak afternoon kizikazimek one has made a house or a
kizi tkwenôzik booty, what one has shelter
taken kizikazo they made a house or a shelter
kiziaimek one can stay or be kizigawi after sleep
somewhere
kizigen it is completed, finished

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kizigia when I grow up kizilihozimek one made themself that
way
kizigo they is completed, finished,
ready; they grows up kizilihozo they made herself that way
kizigwak when they has sewn kizilla perhaps, possibly
kizihômek one can or has made kizillak can, what can happen
someone kizipildowipimek one already eats
kizihôt when they made him, one who something new
made him kizipildowipo they already eats
kiziha they can make someone; they something new
has made someone kizipimek one already ate, has eaten
kizihalômek one destroys someone, kizipo they already ate, they has eaten
disposes of someone
kizit cooked, what is cooked, it is
kizihala destroy someone, dispose of cooked
someone; they destroys or disposes of
someone kizitôkw when one makes something,
they made it
kizihozimek one is self-made; one
made themself kizitôzikba feasible, can be done

kizihozit one who made themself kizitawômek one makes something for
someone
kizihozo they makes herself
kizitawa make something for someone;
kizikamek one is able to make; one has they makes something for someone;
made bloomed, it is already in flower, is in full
kizika they is able to make; they has bloom
made kizitawit one who makes something for
kiziki immediately, at once me or us
kizikianikamek one has made land kizitigan pl kizitiganal a ready-made
grow up; one can make land grow up thing
kizikianikat one who made land grow kizito made
up; one who can make land grow up kizitok they makes it so
kizikitamwinno pl kizikitamwinnoak kizitok awikhigan an author, maker of
an obedient person a book
kizilawahlômek one already became kizitowinnoimek one is a capable
angry person
kizilawahla they already became angry kizitowinnoit one who is capable
kiziligwam sewn, they has sewn kizitowinnoo they is capable
something
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kizkikan after planting kiztôwado they decides about
something
kizkwabo they already sits
kiztôzik one decides something
kiznem decide something
kiztôzik achowidbak one decides what
kizobenôzik one unties something
is necessary
kizobenem untie something; they unties
kizta cooked, finished
something
kiztak ready, it is ready, what is ready
kizokw pl kizokol day, a period of
daylight, a sun's showing, time, weather kizto decide, make a decision
klagasis pl klagasisak cracker <Eng.
cracker
Kizos the Sun
Klalis Clarissa

kizos pl kizosak months, moons of the

month klami- amuse, enjoy, take
kizosôgan pl kizosôganal a sunflower, pleasure
Helianthus giganteus
kizosaabit when the sun shines nicely klamiômek one takes pleasure, enjoys
kizosiosi it is a little sunny klamiozi amuse self, enjoy self, take
kizoskôgan pl kizoskôganal sunflower, recreation, take pleasure, play
Helianthus giganteus klamiozwôgan recreation, enjoyment
kizosoo the sun shines, the sun is out klamkawôt companion, they who keeps
kizososo the sun shines a little, here and company, he keeps her company
there klamkawômek one keeps someone
kizpôwlômek one can scare someone company

kizpôwtôzik one can scare something klamkawa keep her company; they
keeps someone company
Kizsanda Monday, after Sunday
Klegwal Gregory
Kizsandaga next Monday, next week
Klistin Christine, Christiana
kizsapkozi put them away
Klistobal Christopher
kizsapkwa have put something away
kizsapkwazi store them, put them away
klo- speak, talk
kizsawat one who makes clothes, they
makes clothes
kizsowada able to cover klolômek one speaks with someone

118
klola speak with someone; they speaks kneskidahômegwzid one who is
with someone reviled, criticized
kloli speak with me kneskidôzik one spoils something,
make something worthless
klosli pl klosliak a grocer
kneskido spoil something, make
klozi speak, talk
something worthless; they spoils
klozimek one speaks something
Klozkôba the Talker, central culture kneskinôgwak that which is an
hero of the Wabanaki insignificant looking thing, a trinket
klozo they speaks kneskinôgwat it seems unimportant,
klozowôgan pl klozowôganal speech, a insignificant looking
word kneskinôgwzo they looks unimportant,
klozowôgan tôkwawikhôzik a useless
contraction; an acronym, one writes a kneskisinômek one sleeps with
word shortened someone trivially
kmitôgwes your father kneskisina they sleeps with him
trivially, uses him

knesk- unimportant, worthless, kneskkelohômek one badmouths

slight, cheap, spoil someone, talks against someone
kneskkeloha badmouth, spoil one's
speech, talk against someone; they
kneskôba pl kneskôbak slight or badmouths someone
unimportant person, a nothing-man
knesktôgwzo they sounds useless, talks
kneskôwada cheap, it is of no value, nonsense, talks improperly, uses bad
not worthwhile language
kneskaldôzik one considers something
worthless, has contempt for something
koa- of pine
kneskaldam consider something
worthless, have contempt for something;
they considers something worthless koa pl koak white pine tree, Pinus
kneskesdôzik one ignores what one strobus
hears, pays no attention koaiagwôdawas pl koaiagwôdawasak
kneskesdam ignore what one hears; white pine fungus
they pays no attention koaibakw pl koaibakok a white pine
kneskia a worthless person, they is needle
worthless koaolagw pl koaolagol a white pine
boat
119
koas pl koazak a small white pine kokokhashokwasimek one calls like an
owl
Koasek Newbury, VT, Coassuk, VT,
Cohasset, Mass., Acoaxet, Mass., where kokokhashokwasit one who calls like
small white pines are; present day an owl
Vermont Abenaki tribe kokokhashokwazo they calls like an
Koategok Coaticook River, VT, on the owl
pine river Kokokhassek Coucoucache on St.
koategw the white pine river Maurice River, owl place
kokamôji by golly kokw pl kokwak a whirlpool; a kettle
kokaniômek one sobers up kokwadekw pl kokwadekol a kettle
stake
kokania sober up; they sobers up
kokwadekw pl kokwadegok a crane
kokwagwenôzik one pushes something
kokkw- humpy, in mounds
hard or repeatedly by hand
kokwagwenem they pushes something
kokkwagaak mounds hard or repeatedly by hand
Kokkwibeskwanes pl kokwanôgw by golly
kokkwibeskwanesak hump back
kokwis darned, damned
person, a camel; a recent name for
Camel's Hump Mountain, Vermont see kokwisanôgw exclamation of
also Moziozagan, Tawabodiiwajo astonishment
kokkwigen humpy, it is humpy or kokwsis pl kokwsisak a small kettle
lumpy kolnal pl kolnalak a colonel <Fr.
koklo pl kokloal a moose calling horn Colonel
komi pl komiak a clerk <Fr. commis
kokok- make the call of the owl Kominiawôgan Communion
Kominioldimek people receive
Communion
kokok bogeyman, a little bad spirit,
bogeyman (baby talk) Kominioldimeki every time people
receive Communion
kokokha pl kokokhak snowy owl,
white-owl kopalnal pl kopalnalak a governor
<Eng. governor
kokokhôakw pl kokokhôakok balsam
fir tree, Abies balsamea kopassa confess <Fr. confesser

kokokhas pl kokokhazak a barred owl; kopassawôgan a confession

great horned owl kopelos copperas

120
Koswa pl Koswaak a Scotchman kottlihôzik one mixes something
Koswaki Scotland kottlihlak they become mixed
kots pl kotsak a goat <Eng. Goats kottlikiseda it is cooked together
kotsis pl kotsisak a kid, a young goat kottlipsôn it snows mixed
kotsitwal a goatee, goat's beard kottliwi among, mixed with, together
with
Kottoliôtegw La Verdure Channel of
kott- mix
lower St. Francis River, where one puts
canoes together
kottlatôzik one combines things
kottlapagenem mix liquid; they mixes kpag- thick
something
kottlapoak they are mixed in, they are
kpaga thick, it is thick
together with
kpagabo it lies thickly in a pile
kottlada it is mixed
kpagadagen pl kepagadagenol thick
kottladak that which is mixed, it is
skin
mixed
kpagadagenihla skin thickens
kottlakw pl kottlakok mixed wood, a
mixed forest kpagakwiga deep woods, it is a thick
woods, big trees
kottlalômek one adds something to a
mixture kpagaskadek when it is thickly frozen
kottlala mix with; they adds something kpagaskaden it is frozen thick, thick
to mixture ice, thick frost in ground
kottlejagpo precipitation of mixed rain kpagasokw thick cloudy sky, a thick
and snow cloud cover
kottlenômek mix someone by hand kpagasokwat overcast, there are thick
clouds, it is very cloudy
kottlenôzik mix something by hand
kpaghaga pl kpakhagal thick body
kottlena mix someone; they mixes
someone (as in strawberries) kpagi thick
kottlenem mix something; they mixes kpagihla thicken, it becomes thicker, it
something thickens
kottli mixed kpagizo thick, they is thick
kottligen it is mixed kpagizo pkwami the ice is thick
kottligoak they are mixed

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kpagosao thicker, they or it becomes kska- short cut
thicker
kpagta thick pile, it is thick in layered
kskakikan planting fast, shortcut
condition, in a pile
planting
kpagtak what is piled thick, it is piled
thick
kskamaloka they works the shortest
kpitôzik wôlagwizal one caulks
way, takes shortcut in work
something, fills holes
kskamalokamek one works the shortest
kpiwi a forest, in the woods, in thick
way, takes shortcut in work
ksibas try (with some doubt about
kskamenigan pl kskameniganal
possibility implied)
shortcut portage
kskamiôzidawômek one answers the
ksin- boring, lonesome, tiresome short way, briefly, or without thinking
kskamiôzidawa answer the short way,
briefly, or without thinking; they
ksinaloka work alone; they works
answers without thinking
bored, or alone
kskamibia take a short route paddling;
ksinalokamek one works bored, or
they takes a short route paddling
alone
kskamibiamek one takes a short route
ksini aimless; calm; lonely
paddling
ksinidôzi act senselessly, tiresomely
kskamigen it is a shortcut, it is the short
ksininôgwat thing that looks boring, way
tiresome, or lonely
kskamihlômek one goes on a shortcut,
ksininôgwzit one who looks boring, or lines up a straight course
tiresome
kskamihla go a shortcut, line up a
ksinitôgwat thing that sounds boring, straight course; they takes a shortcut
tiresome, or tiresome
kskamiwi by a shortcut, cross country
ksinitôgwzit one who sounds boring, or
kskamkam they takes a shortcut
talks nonsense
kskamosa they goes by a shortcut
ksiniwi boring, tiresome, senseless,
lonesome kskamosamek one goes by a shortcut
ksinosa they walks bored, or alone
ksinosamek one walks bored, alone, kskim- numb, paralyzed
idly, loiters, lonely

kskimoka make numb

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kskimokamek one makes numb kwô- dip water

kskimokas pl kskimokazak numb kwôgwtobanômek one dips someone

maker, numb root, Iris prismatica repeatedly in water
kskimoo it is numb kwôgwtobana dip someone repeatedly
in water

kskw- (kwaskw-) to death, to kwôlaskw pl kwôlaskol a gourd

exhaustion, to the end, to the finish
kwôz- (kôz-) away, remove,
kskwaloka they works to death elsewhere
kskwalokamek one works to death
kskwesmimek one drinks to death kwôzbô go away

kskwesmo they drinks to death kwôzelômsen it blows away

kskwipimek one eats to death kwôzagôltowôgan shunning story

kskwipo they eats to death kwôzaka throw away

kskwitahômek one strikes someone to kwôzakan throwing away

death or unconscious kwôzaligwaaka they throws away by
kskwitaha they strikes someone to death rolling
or unconscious kwôzelômsen it blows away something
kwôzi she, it disappears
kwôgwen- jealous kwôzid one who is evasive
kwôzidahômswôgan disappearance
kwôgwenômek one is jealous kwôzidoo they flies away
kwôgwena they is jealous kwôzihla disappears, she, it goes away
kwôgwenasko they is of a jealous kwôzinasimek one drags away
nature kwôzipegotahiga remove the dirt, work
kwôgwenawôgan jealousy at removing the dirt
kwôgweni since, as, because; as long kwôzipegotahigan pl
as, while something lasts kwôzipegotahiganal duster, dust mop,
removing dust instrument
kwôgweniwi during, while something
lasts kwôzipegdaazo they avoids the smoke
kwôzipegdazôda let's smoke them out

123
kwôzipegwahiga remove the dirt, work kwagwadadagan trying to act or being
at dusting thus
kwôzkika they plants elsewhere kwagwadadakawôgan imitation, trying
to act, to be a certain way
kwôzkikan they is planting elsewhere
kwagwadadiali try to hunt
kwôzo avoid, shun something
kwagwadadialwôgan trying to hunt
kwôzodôzik one shuns or avoids
something kwagwadaloka try to work
kwôzolômek one shuns, avoids, evades kwagwadalokawôgan trying to work
someone, eludes someone kwagwadadakawôgan trying to act or
kwôzola avoid someone, shun someone being thus
kwôzoldin many are departing kwagwadtaha they tries to hit someone
kwôzoldoak they go away kwagwadtaham try to hit something
kwôzotôzik one avoids something kwagwadto try something
kwôzotôzo they puts aside something, kwagwagôla they pushes someone
abandons something kwagwaga push
kwôzota shun something, avoid kwagwagan pushing
something
kwagwalômimek exhale
kwôzpôwlômek one startles someone
kwagwam they pushes something
kwôzpôwla they scares someone away
kwagwatsano they tests his strength, he
kwôztaha drive out someone, chase tries how much he can do
away, put to flight
kwagwatsi they tries
kwôzwôgan flight, retreat
kwagwatsido try it
kwagwatsimoldowôgan many trying to
kwagw- push do something, a joint effort
kwagwatsipha test by feeling
kwagwad- try, attempt kwagwatsipo they tastes, tries by eating
kwagwatsita taste something, test by
kwagwadôbam they tries something tasting

kwagwadônkohla they tries to sell kwagwatskoalômek one tests someone

kwagwadônkohlawôgan trying to sell kwagwatskoala test someone

kwagwadadaga try to act, try to be thus kwagwatskoali test me

kwagwatskoalit the one who tests me

124
kwagwatskoalok the one that I test kwahlialewa they surprises someone,
he startles someone
kwagwatskoato try something
kwahlialewawôgan a surprise
kwagwatskowato they tries to prove
something, he tests something kwahlialit one who surprises me or us
kwagwatskoadôzik one tries, tests kwahliazo they is surprised
something kwahlihlôt one who is surprised, they
kwagwatskoalômek one tries, tests gets surprised
someone kwahlihla it gets near; they is surprised
kwagwatskoatawômek one tries, tests kwahlihlot one who is amazed
something for someone
kwahlima they astonishes someone
kwagwenômek one pushes someone with words
kwagwenôzik one pushes something kwahlinamigwzimek one appears out
kwagwena push something of nowhere, one appears in an
astonishing or startling way
kwagwenazi push on ground, on floor,
object lying kwahliphôt one startles someone as by
grabbing
kwagwenem they pushes something
kwahliphit one startles me
kwagweniga they acts pushing, he
engages in pushing, he pushes kwahlima they astonishes someone
kwagwenigan pl kwagweniganak kwahliwi near, nearby
checker, the pushing thing kwahliwitta very near, right nearby
kwagwesin poling canoe upriver, kwahlkawa they surprises someone, he
pushing self catches someone by surprise
kwagwihalgoakw one or those who kwahlskweda near the fire
deliver you all
kwahzikha make someone cry out
kwagwnegoakw that which delivers you
all kwai greeting, hello

kwagwsano they pushes hard, pushes

with strength, pushes strongly kwaj- outdoors, outside
kwahômo they calls out, hollers,
whoops
kwajek outside
kwajekta it is outside, outdoors
kwahl- surprise; near
kwajemiwi outside
kwajemiwi aiamihawigamigok out of
the church
125
kwajemosa go outside, they goes kwanôbaganôzik an elongated thing, it
outside; go to the bathroom is elongated
kwajemosamek one goes outside; one
goes to the bathroom kwan- (kwen-) long; during
kwajmodana a suburb, outside the city
kwaktahiga pount in ribs; they is
kwanôbagenagak long narrow island
pounding in ribs
kwanôbagw long lake
kwaktahigamek one pounds in ribs in
canoe building kwanôwzimek during ones lifetime, as
long as one lives
kwaktahigan pounding in ribs in canoe
building kwanôwzia during my lifetime, all my
life
kwanôwzit as long as he lives, all his
kwakwah- shout, holler, yell life
kwanôwzo during her life, as long as
kwakwahômimek one shouts to they lives
someone Kwanahômoi pl Kwanahômoik a
kwakwahômit one who hollers Long Point person; a resident of the
Long Point village at Durham, Quebec
kwakwahômo call to someone, holler,
give war-whoop Kwanahômoik Durham, Quebec,
Abenaki village, meaning at the long
people
kwalagw- concave
kwanaigamihômek during the praying,
as long as they pray
kwalagwigen it is concave kwanak length; one who is long or tall
kwalagwigo they is concave kwanakimômek one counts the length
kwalaskoniga they husks corn of a month

kwalaskonigan pl kwalaskoniganal kwanakwôzit one who is long or tall,

cornhusk they is long or tall

kwalaskwnikhatin cornhusking time kwanakwamit the long stemmed one,

they is long stemmed
kwalbenômek one turns someone over
Kwanbaak Lake Quinebaug,
kwalbenôzik one turns something over Massachusetts, long water, it is a long
kwalbenemawômek one over turns pond
something over for someone kwanegadimek during the dancing, as
kwalbosamek one turns around long as one dances

126
kwaneljamek one is a hand length, the kwaskwaitta just enough, just exactly
span between thumb and second finger kwaskwaiwi exactly, enough, in exact
kwani while, during degree or manner, just
kwanigadek all year long kwaskwajimek one is cold or freezing
kwanipodawazimek during the council kwaskwajo they is cold or freezing
kwanitbokak all night, as long as it is kwaskwalômimek one starves to death
night, while it is night, during the night kwaskwalômo they starves to death
kwanizit long one, they is long kwaskwasa they walks enough
kwankannit while he travels, as long as kwaskwasamek one walks enough
he travels
kwaskwidahômek one kills by thinking
kwangisgak during the day, for the
length of the day, all day long kwaskwidahôt one who kills by
thinking
kwanosa while they is gone
kwaskwidahôzimek one kills self by
kwanosaa while I am gone thinking
kwanosamek while one is gone kwaskwidahôzo they kills herself by
kwanosaik as long as it lasts, for the thinking
full duration of it, as long as it goes kwaskwipimek one eats to death
kwanosat while that one is gone kwaskwipo they eats to death
kwanowagasit aples pl kwaskwisawtôzik one is tired to death
kwanowagasijik aplesak a pear, an of something
elongated apple
kwaskwisawto they is tired to death
kwansandak all week long
kwaskwitahômek one kills someone by
kwantagak how long it is, as long as it striking
is (of a string or chord)
kwaskwitaha kill someone by striking;
kwantegok it is a long, rapid river they kills someone by striking
kwanzitaôn length of the foot, the
length a foot is
kwassôgw- insult

kwaskw- (kskw-) enough, to

death, to exhaustion, to the end, to kwassôgwimômek one insults someone
the finish; exactly kwassôgwimôt one who insults, they
insults him

kwaskwai exactly, just, enough, correct kwassôgwima insult someone; they

insults someone

127
kwat pl kwatak a bowl, a pitcher, a kwaziatawômek one swallows
birch bark container, a cup something for someone
kwazowatiga drag something on the
ground; they drags something on the
kwata- mistrust
ground
kwazowatigamek one drags something
kwatalômek one distrusts someone on the ground
kwatalmômek one mistrusts someone kwazowatigan pl kwazowatiganal a
kwatatôzik one mistrusts something trapper's sled, a drag on ground
implement
kwatatawômek one mistrusts
something about someone kwejesagwaatôzik one makes
something turn or roll
kwatis pl kwatisak cup, a little bark
container, small pot kwejesagwaato make something turn,
make roll; they makes something turn or
kwatobawimek one is submerged roll
kwatobawit the submerged one, one kwejesagwahlômek one becomes
who submerges and comes up again rolled over
kwatobawo they is submerged kwejesagwahla roll over; they rolls
Kwatsis pl kwatsisak small bark pot, over
cup; also The Big Dipper kwejipha test by feeling
kwazôwapska extended or drawn out kwejipo taste someone; they tastes
rock someone
kwazôwapskak cliff point or corner, kwejita taste something, test by tasting
that which is an extended rock
kwejomkwagiazimek one is punched
kwazôwanômek an extended curved up or pushed out
point in the water, a curved peninsula
kwejomkwagiazi be punched up or
kwazôwawôwdisek where the corner or pushed out
curve in a road is
kwejomkwakw pl kwejomkwakok
Adams apple, pushed out object
kwazia- (kwezia-) swallow
kwel- turn around, turn over
kwaziadômek one swallows
kwaziadôzik one swallows something kwelbidahôzimek one thinks is a
kwazialômek one swallows someone turned around way

128
kwelbidahôzo they thinks is a turned kwelbokwabimek one turns while
around way sitting
kwelbidahôzwôgan thinking in a kwelbokwabo turn sitting; they turns
turned around way, turning around a while sitting
thought kwelbosa turn walking and start back
kwelbiwi behind kwelbosamek one turns while walking;
kwelbiwi klôganek behind the door one turns around and starts on way back
kwelbôbimek one turns to look
kwelbôbo they turns to look kwelegw- roll, twist, turn on an
kwelbagasimek one turns over while axis
lying down
kwelbagaso they turns over while lying kwelegwaka twist throw, turn over
down something
kwelbaka throw over something; they kwelegwena northern flicker
throws over something woodpecker, literally turning or twisting
kwelbakamek one throws in order to wings
overturn something kwelegwigo crippled, they is twisted,
kwelbatôzik one turns something over crippled

kwelbato turn something over; they kwelegwihla they becomes twisted,

turns something over disjointed

kwelbenôzik one turns something over kwelegwikôda they has a twisted leg
by hand kwelithiga they is turning something
kwelbena turn something over over, works at turning something over

kwelbenagwiwi on the other side of the kwelithigan pl kwelithiganal poker,

island instrument for turning something over, a
stove or fire poker
kwelbenem they turns something over
kwelkwena pl kwelkwenak flicker
kwelbigamigwa it is behind a house
kwelbigôbimek one turns around while
standing kwen- (kwan-) long, tall
kwelbigôbo turn around standing; they
turns around standing Kwenôbaganagak Long Island, New
kwelbitahozimek one turns it (a canoe York, at the long island
or car) kwenôgama long lake
kwelbitahozo turn it; they turns it

129
kwenôgamak Long Lake, New York, kwenakwezo they is long, tall
that which is a long lake, it is a long lake kwenaldam they thinks something is
kwenôlkwômek one has long hair long
kwenôlkwôt one who has long hair Kwenapska Thompson's Point,
Vermont, in Lake Champlain, long rocky
kwenôlkwa they has long hair
point
kwenônaga it is a long island
Kwenaska Shelburne Point, Vermont,
kwenôtakisibo pl kwenôtakisiboal a in Lake Champlain, long point
long river
kwenaskwawimek one stretches their
kwenôtegw pl kwenôtegol long river neck
kwenôwzowôgan a long life kwenaskwawit one who stretches her
kwenôzoiganal a double span; distance neck
between tips of little fingers of two kwenaskwawo they stretches her neck
hands, fingers spread, thumbs touching
kwenawômek one with long body hair
kwena it is long, far, long in space or
kwenawôt one who has long body hair
time
kwenawa they has long body hair
kwenabizo they wears a long robe
kwenawas pl kwenawazak a long
kwenadaga it is long and slender
body-hair person
kwenadagak long slender thing
kwenazenakw pl kwenazenakol pestle,
kwenadagwzo they is long and slender a two-ended pestle, long two-hand-stick
kwenadakigamigw pl kwenibôtegwoo there are long rapids
kwenadakigamigol a long house
Kwenibagw Quinebaug River, Lake
kwenagaa the land is long Quonnipaug, CT, long bay or pond
kwenagwelji pl kwenagweljial long kwenibakw pl kwenibakok a pine
finger (the second finger) needle, a long leaf
kwenagwzit long or tall one, he is tall Kwenibiak Quinnipiac River, CT, at the
kwenagwzo they is long, tall long paddle

kwenakwam pl kwenakwamak kwenigano it is a long portage

flagpole, medicine pole, long tree kwenijoan it is a long rapid
kwenakwam pl kwenakwamal a long kwenikôda long legged
pole
kwenikizos pl kwenikizosak a long
kwenakwat it is a long stick moon or month
Kwenakwategw Conaquetogue Pond, Kwenitegw Connecticut River, the long
RI, long forest river river

130
kweniwi for a long period of time, for kwetaazo it sinks and come up again
the duration kwetahlômek one sinks
kwenizo they is long kwetahlôt a sinker, one who sinks
kwenohigen oval form, elongated kwetahla they or it sinks
kwenoza pl kwenozak a pike, a great kwetaimek one sinks and comes up
northern pike
kwetait a sinker, one who sinks and
Kwenozasek Pike River, Vermont, comes up
where pike are
kwetao they sinks and comes up
kwenozasis pl kwenozasisak pickerel,
a small pike kwetalôwômek one sinks someone
kwetalôwa sink someone; they sinks
someone
kwes- extended, pulled out,
stretched out kwedaosa they walks sinking in
kwetaosamek one walks sinking in (as
a spiritual practitioner in stone, or in soft
Kwesôwahômak Thompson's Point, ground)
Vermont, a drawn out point in the water
kwetatôzik one sinks something
kweskwitenasimek one drags
something on ground, a pullover carry kwetato they sinks something
too short to unpack canoe kwetawôdebaimek one lowers head
kweskwitenaso they drags something into water, submerges head
on ground kwetawôdebao they lowers her head
kwesotôzik one pulls something out into the water
(moves camp) kwetawbagw they sinks in the water
kwesota pull out, move camp; they kwetawjagihlômek one sinks in mud
moves camp, pulls out
kwetawjagihla sink in mud; they sinks
in the mud
kwet- (ket-) lower, sink kwetawihlômek one becomes sunk
kwetawihla sink; they or it become
sunk
kwetaatôzik one sinks or lowers
something and brings it up again kwetawkasa they sinks in the ground
walking
kwetaato they sinks or lowers
something and brings it up again kwetawkasamek one sinks in the
ground walking (a sign of a spiritual
kwetaazik what one sinks and brings up
practitioner's power)
again

131
kwetawtahôzik one shoots something
to sink it kwetazimek one lowers oneself
kwetawtahôzo it is shot to sink it kwetaziazimek one gets out of sight,
becomes unseen (by getting low)
kwetgwa- over turn, tip over kwetaziazo they goes out of sight,
becomes unseen
kwetazo they lowers herself
kwetgwabizon pl kwetgwabizonal a
belt kwetazosa walk out of site; they walks
out of sight
kwetgwadolômek tip someone over;
overturn your canoe, make-upset-canoe kwetazosamek one walks down out of
site, one goes over the horizon
kwetgwadola tip someone over; they
tips someone over; they tips her canoe kwetazosat one who walks themself
over down out of site (said of the sun and
moon when setting)
kwetgwagôlômek throw someone over,
overturn someone
kwetgwagôla throw someone over, kwi- (kiw-) wander, roam
overturn someone
kwetgwihlômek one capsizes
kwigwigem pl kwigwigemok a black
kwetgwihla they or it capsizes duck

kwetoba- sink into water kwikws- (kikws-) whistle

kwetobaazimek one sinks kwikwsimek one whistles

kwetobaazo they sinks kwikwsia when I whistle
kwetobaimek one sinks in water kwikwskas pl kwikwskazak a robin,
kwetobana immerse someone whistle maker

kwetobanem they sinks something in kwikwso they whistles

water kwikwsomwas pl kwikwsomwazak
kwetobao they sinks in water sea shell

kwetobawit one who sinks in water kwikwsowôgan whistling

kwikwsowas pl kwikwsowazak
whistling person, a whistler
kwetaz- lower self; out of sight,
unseen
132
kwikwsowawômek one whistles at kwilawatawit one who searches for
someone something for me or us
kwikwsowawô they whistles at him kwilawato they looks for something
kwikwsowawit one who whistles at me kwilawasakwlanigan search with a
or us light or torch; look for a signal fire
kwikwsowok one who I whistle at kwilawidahômdôzik one guesses, one
searches for a thought
kwilawidahôdam they guesses
kwil- search, look for
something, searches for a thought
kwildahômek one goes after someone
kwilôgikamek one cuts a deck of
kwildahôt one who goes after someone,
playing cards
he pursues someone, a pursuer
kwilôgika cut the deck; they cuts the
kwildak what one pursues
deck (in playing cards)
kwildawômek one pursues or chases
kwilawôbimek one searches
someone
kwilawôbo they looks to see; turns head
kwildawô they pursues or chases him
to look; they searches
kwildawa they pursues or chases
kwilawôdôzik one looks around for
someone
something
kwilodaosamek one goes after
kwilawôdam look around for
someone
something; they looks around for
something kwilodaosa they goes after him
kwilawa look, search kwilodwôgan research, an investigation
kwilawahômek one looks for someone kwilônômek one searches or frisks
someone
kwilawahôt one who looks for him,
investigator kwilona frisk someone, feel around,
search a person; draw straws, cut cards
kwilawaha look for someone
kwilosdôzik one listens for something,
kwilawahogot one who looks for her
one searches to hear something
kwilawak what one looks for
kwilosdam they listens for something
kwilawatôzik one looks for something
kwiloskôba pl kwiloskôbak an
kwilawatôzo it or they is looked for explorer, a man that searches
kwilawatawômek one looks for kwiloskhiga they looks for information
something for someone
kwiloskhigat one who seeks
kwilawatawa they looks for something information
for someone
133
 kwsilawakamigzit one who is
respectful, the respectful one, they is
kwin- (kin-) much, abundant
respectful
kwsilawakamigzowôgan respect for
kwinôgwi at least others
kwinna much, large kwsilawi respectable, worthy of respect
kwinnabska boulder, large stone kwsilawido have high regard for
kwinnapskw pl kwinnapskol boulder, someone or something
large stone kwsilawihodwôgan giving honor
kwinnatta very much, very large kwasilawiklozimek respectful speech,
courteous speech

kwita- fear kwsioskwa be an honored woman,

respected woman

kwitaaldôzik one fears something

L
kwitaaldam fear something
kwitaalmômek one fears someone
kwitaalma fear someone lôb- look, see

kwsi- (kwasi-) respect lôba- use; knock or rap on

something

kwsihômek one worships, respects

lôbadahigas pl lôbadahigazak a wood-
kwsahôzo they is greatly cherished
pecker, the pounder or knocker
kwsialômek one swallows someone
lôbadam they uses for some purpose
kwsidôzik one respects it
lôbadamwôgan pl lôbadamwôganak
kwsidahômdowôgan having high property, riches
regard for a person
kwsidôzik one honors something
lôbag- braid
kwsido respect something
kwsiha respect someone
lôbagenôzik one braids something
kwsihodwôgan honoring, respecting
lôbagena they braids
lôbagenem they braids something

134
lôbageniga braid, be braiding
lôbagenigan pl lôbageniganal braiding lôda- climb
work

Lôdakanek Taconic, CT, at the climb

lôbagia- swing lôdawa they climbs
lôdawamek one climbs
lôbagiado they swings something lôdawôgan pl lôdawôganal ladder,
lôbagiala they swings someone stairs to second floor, climbing
implement
lôbagipozimek one swings
lôdawaskigo pl lôdawaskigoal
lôbagipozo they swings herself
climbing grass, Clematis virginiana
lôbagipozoan hammock, thing you
swing yourself on
lôbakhiganal suspenders
lôbaktahiga they knocks, raps, plays lôdo- speak
piano, guitar
lôbaktahigan pl lôbaktahiganal lôdoka tell, narrate
musical instrument first used for fiddle,
lôdokazi converse
then for piano or organ, guitar, later for
radio lôdowa speak
lôbaktahigan ta tobi a fiddle and bow lôdwawôgan pl lôdwawôganal speech,
language

lôbaz- cut into strips

lôg- (alôgi-) bend

lôbazôzik one cuts something into strips

lôgana take a drink in hand, curved
lôbazôzo it is cut into strips
hand
lôbazem they cuts something into strips
lôgihla they or it takes a shape, it is bent
lôbazhiga cutting into strips or curved, becomes shaped
lôbazigamek one cuts something into lôgitôwadwôgan bowing, a show of
strips (especially rawhide for snowshoe adoration
lacing)
lôgita it is bent; bow as in adoration or
lôbitadasin her teeth chatter greeting
lôboti pl lôbotial telescope, binoculars lôgito they bends something
(seeing instrument)

135
lôgm- (alôgm-) snowshoe lômkipoda pl lômkipodaal an hour, a
sand-wearing or freely a sand-falling,
refers to one turn of the hourglass
lôgmapizi put on snowshoes
lômkipodasibs pl lômkipodasibsak an
lôgmapizwan snowshoe mesh as a hour bird, said to sing every hour during
whole the night
lôgmapozi skate lômkipodiga time
lôgmapozo they skates, they snowshoe- lômkipodo they grinds or breaks up
slides
lôgmapozowan pl lôgmapozowanak a
lômps- (alômps-) decorate
skate
lôgmapozowinno pl
lôgmapozowinnoak a skater lômpskaôzo they or it is decorated
lôgna bend something or someone lômpskahiga they decorates something
lôgnem they bends something lôgmapizimek one puts on snowshoes
lôgnigan pl lôgniganak bent thing as lôgmapozimek one skates
canoe ribs lôgnômek one bends someone
lôgha bend someone; they bends lôgnôzik one bends something
someone
lôghômek one bends someone
lôgtahigan pl lôgtahiganal a spring
pole snare, the bent instrument lômahlôt pl lômahlôjik one who runs, a
runner
lôkipoda pl lôkipodaal an hour
lômahla they runs
lômpskahigan pl lômpskahiganal
lômgiat- (alôgiat-) spread or beadwork, a piece of decorated leather
sprinkle or cloth, ornamental work

lômgiatiga spread or sprinkle powdery lômpski- (alômpski-) acne, pimply

substance
lômgiato they spreads a powdery
substance on something lômpskihla they or it becomes pimply;
they is pimply
lômpskihlaidegwa a pimply face
lômkipod- (alômkipod-) falling
sand
lômpt- (alômpt-) make tracks

136
lômptaso her trail lôwzo they lives
lômpto they makes tracks lôwzowôgan heath, life
lômptoak they makes tracks
lôzoka walk in water, ford a
lôwad- (alôwad-) value, worth stream, wade; they wades

lôwado they or it has value lôzokamek one walks in water, fords a

stream, wades
lôwadwôgan value, worth
lôzokat one who walks in water, fords a
stream, wades
lôwiag- (alôwiag-) quill work labelak pl labelakal tobacco pouch <Fr.
la blague

lôwiageniga do quill work

lôwiagenigamek one does quill work labi sit
lôwiagenigan pl lôwiageniganal
quillwork labial pl labialak beer <Fr. la biere
lôwiagenigat a quill-worker, one who labialsis pl labialsisak root beer, small
does quill work beer <Fr. la biere + dim.
labila harness someone <Fr. la filace
lôwigô- (alôwigô) point a finger labilas pl labilazak teasel <Fr. la filace
labizowan pl labizowanal a petticoat
lôwigôla point your finger at someone; <Fr. la jupon
they points her finger at someone laboia boiled milk <Fr. la bouillie
lôwigôdamawa they points her finger at labolial pl labolialal a gate <Fr. la
somethings of someone or at some part barriere
of someone
ladaôbimek one has eyes open; one
lôwigôta they points at something sees something
ladaôbo they has her eyes open; they
lôwz- (alôwz-) live, be alive, life sees something

lôwzikha they makes someone live ladab- creep or run like certain
plants
lôwzikhozo they makes herself live
lôwzikhozwôgan making a living
137
ladabimek one climbs, creeps lag- scrape or work to soften hide;
(speaking of a plants growth) direct, order, send, teach
ladabo they climbs, creeps (speaking of
a plants growth)
lagenazawôgan softening a hide
ladabakw one who creeps along
lagenazawa they softens a hide
growing
lagenigan pl lageniganal a hide, a
scraped or worked skin
ladaka act, behave, conduct
lagenigamek one scrapes a hide to
oneself
soften it
lagenigawôgan scraping a hide to
lakakamek ones behavior, actions soften it
lakakat one who behaves a certain way laghazawa they scrapes a hide, he
ladakawôgan action, gesture, attitude, works a hide
behavior, conduct laghigan pl laghiganal a scraper for
ladakawômek ones behavior towards hide or wood
someone else
ladakawa her behavior towards lagibo- rub
someone else
ladakawawôgan the way one acts
lagibolômek one rubs someone
towards someone else
lagibola work a hide with an
instrument; they rubs someone soft
ladegwa- sew around something
lagibotôzik one rubs something soft,
work hide by hand
ladegwaham they sews around a lagiboto work hide by hand; they rubs it
moccasin top soft
ladegwahiga work moccasin top, sew lagidôzik one directs something, sends
on or do beadwork on it something
ladegwahigamek one works a lagidôzo it is directed, it is sent
moccasin top (sews on or does beadwork
lagidam they directs something, sends
on it)
something
ladegwahigan pl ladegwahiganal a
lagidamwôgan pl lagidamwôganal a
decorated moccasin top
law, a commandment, an order
lagimômek one counts; one sends

138
lagimômeka a counted day of the lagwgi the way it is
month, when it will be counted lagwigiosa stroll in a certain vicinity
lagima send someone; count someone; lagwigiosamek one strolls in a certain
they sends or counts someone vicinity
lago stew, gravy <Fr. Ragout lagwihlômek one flies in that region,
towards that direction
lagw- direction, vicinity, region lagwihla fly that way; they or it flies in
that region, towards that direction
lagwinôgwat one or it appears in a
lagwôbihlômek one looks in the
certain area or way
direction where something is heard
lagwipaiômek the way one comes
lagwôbihla they looks in the direction
where something is heard lagwipaia the way they comes
lagwaka throw in some direction; they lagwipedgimek one returns by such a
throws is some direction way, route or direction
lagwakamek one throws in some lagwipedgo they returns by such a way
direction or route
lagwakan throwing in some direction lagwiptawa they shakes finger at
someone as in anger or warning

lagwamigwiwi in a certain region or
lagwiptawamek one shakes finger at
country
someone as in anger or warning
lagwat the finger, it points, the pointer
lagwitan way the current goes
lagwlômsen wind blows in a certain
lagwitema where water is deep
direction or place
lagwiwi way, direction
lagwenamawômek one points out
something to someone lagwiwiniak towards us
lagwenamawa direct someone, point lagwkanni travel in a certain direction
out something for someone or region
lagwenamawit one who directs me or lagwosa walk in some direction
us lagwosamek one walks in some
lagweniga they points out, gives direction
direction, indicates lagwosat one who goes in some
lagwezôzik what is cut to shape, cut in direction
this way or direction lagwsedôzik one hears something as it
lagwezem cut to a shape is
lagwziga cutting to a shape

139
lagwsedam hear as it is; they hears it as
it is
lagwtahômek one taps a tree for sap lakann- travel
lagwtaha tap a tree for sap; they taps a
tree for sap
lakannika they is engaged in travel
lagwtôzik one lays something on
ground in some direction lakannikamek one is engaged in travel
lagwto lay something on ground in lakannikawôgan they who is traveling
some direction; they lays something on lakannimek one travels
the ground in some direction
lakannit one who travels, traveler
lagwziga they chisels rock
lakanno they travels
lagwzigamek one chisels rock
lahôdoak game animals
lakapodi- throw earth, harrow

laka throw
lakapodiga they harrows ground,
throws the ground
lakahômek one hoes or digs lakapodigan pl lakapodiganal harrow,
lakaha they digs throw rubbing

lakahiga they hoes lakawôgan throwing, act of throwing

lakahigamek one hoes lakawômek one throws someone

something to someone
lakahigan pl lakahiganal a hoe
lakawa throw something to or for
someone; they throws something to
lakamig- nature or manner in the someone
home or family lakawit one who throws something to
me or us
lakamigwzimek one is of a certain
nature or manner lakaz- plow, throw cutting
lakamigwzo pl lakamigwzoak a
family; her nature in the home or family
lakazôwôgan pl lakazôwôganal plow
lakamigwzowôgan a person's nature or
temperament lakazôwawôgan plowing, act of
plowing
lakamiska they digs out muskrat
laklam cream <Fr. la crème
lakamiskamek one digs out muskrat

140
lakopalos copperas <Fr. la couperose lapskahiga work stone
lakopalosinebi copperas water lapskahigamek one works stone
laktala lay someone down lapskahigan pl lapskahiganal a hewn
stone
lakwtahigan tapping a tree for sap
lapskenigan a stone structure, fireplace,
a house foundation
lal- believe, think
lasob soup <Eng. Latin

lalôb pl lalôbal lamp <Fr. la lampe

latag- pull out into a rope or
lalômowôgan pl lalômowôganal the string-like form, spin thread
voice; a song
lalan wool, wool cloth <Fr. la laine
latageniga pull out, spin thread
lalaniya wool material
latagenigamek one spins thread
laldôzik one believes, thinks, presumes
latagenigan spinning, act of spinning
lalda believe, think thread
laldam they believes, thinks latagenigawôgan occupation or activity
laldamwôgan pl laldamwôganal a of spinning thread
thought, belief, conjecture latagipodiga they trolls
lalem they thinks someone thus, wishes latagipodigamek one pulls something
with power about someone on the water, one trolls
laloka do it, so do it, work, work it, latagipodigan pl latagipodiganal a
work thus troll, something pulled on the water
lalokamek one does it so Latin Latin <Eng. Latin
lalopab rhubarb <Fr. la rhubarbe Latiniwi in Latin
lalzo herself lato postpone
lamiskat nutmeg <Fr. la muscade
lamtôzik one’s behavior lats- color, dye
lamto behave, act; they behaves in such
a way
latso color, dye
lamtowôgan behavior
latstôzik one dyes, one colors
latsta it is colored, dyed
lapsk- stone
lawaka use for something

141
lawakamek one uses someone lebagialômek one sprinkles or blesses
something someone
lawakakhômek one causes someone to lebagiala bless someone; they blesses
be used someone
lawakakha they causes someone to be lebagiali sprinkle me, bless me
used lebagitan it flows gently
lawakaktôzik one uses something lebaghiga spray or sprinkle water; they
lawakaktôzo it is used for something throws water with canoe paddle
lawakakto use something for lebaghigamek one sprays or sprinkles
something water, one throws water with canoe
paddle
lawan oat, oats <Fr. l'avoine
lebagtahigan spraying, sprinkling water
lawikhôzik one marks something with
designs or writing lebahlômek when the sap runs
lawikhôzo it is marked with designs or lebahla the sap runs
writing
Lazal Elijah lejag- knead as bread, mix as
lazawawôgan pl lazawawôganal cement
clothing
lazawian goldthread, mouth medicine, lejagenigan pl lejageniganak fry bread
<Fr. la savoyane, Coptis groenlandica
lejaghigan cement
lebôwatôzik one sprinkles, waters
something lejaghigamek one mixes or kneads a
mucky material like mud or cement
lebadasin water falls down, it drips
lejaghigawôgan cementing
lebagiadôzimek one is sprinkled with
holy water
lebagiadôzo they is sprinkled with holy legwas- dream
water, they is blessed
lebagiadigan pl lebagiadiganal an legwasi dream
asperger, sprinkling for blessing
instrument legwasimek one dreams

lebagiado sprinkle, bless legwaso they dreams

lebagialawan pl lebagialawanal an legwasowôgan pl legwazowôganak

asperger, sprinkling for blessing dream
instrument legisgat the weather is so, how the
weather is

142
lemi- coax, lure by hearing, leskan- weave
wheedle
leskanawôgan pl leskanawôganal the
lemihômek one coaxes, cajoles, or thread for weaving; the splint making up
wheedles someone, one lures by the body of a basket
promises leskanawômek one weaves something
lemiha coax, cajole, wheedle someone, leskanawa weave something; they
lure by promises; they lures someone by weaves something
promises
lesnaika tracking a moose in his yard;
lenôgan a handle (as in an axe handle) they tracks a moose in his yard
lenasin drop something on the ground lesnaikamek one tracks a moose in his
lepapi play that way yard
lessanimek one’s tendencies
les- lie down flat lessano they has a certain tendency, is
inclined to act in a certain way
lestôzik one learns by hearing
lesagahigan pl lesagahiganal a trunk
for storage or luggage lesta learn by hearing
lesakwôgan pl lesakwôganal a bridge lestam they learns by hearing
lesakwôganitegw the bridge river lestawômek one learn from hearing
someone
lesawa gnaw on something or someone
lestawa learn from hearing someone;
lesawamek one gnaws on something or
they learns from hearing someone
someone
lesek what lies flat
lez- cut
lesen it lies flat
lesik one lies flat
lezômek one cuts
lesin they lies flat
lezôwômek one cuts something or
lesinikhômek one lays someone down
someone
flat
lezôwa they cuts something or someone
lesinikha lay someone down; they
makes someone lay down flat lezem cut, saw
lesinoit pl lesinoijik one who lies down lezin the thing they cuts, cut thing
flat lezozi cut self

143
lezozimek one cuts herself lidahôzimek one thinks in general,
decides, makes up their mind
lezozo they cuts herself
lidahôzo they thinks in general; it is
thought
li to, towards, at; until; how, like,
lidahôzowôgan a thought
as
lidegwa look, appear facially
lidegwaôn face
libia paddle, row; they paddles
lidegwôn face

libiamek one paddles

lido- fly
libiat a paddler, one who paddles

lidoimek one flies

lidahô- think
lidoit one who flies, flyer, they flies
towards
lidahômômek one thinks of someone, lidoo they flies
has an opinion about someone
lidwôgan pl lidwôganal the way it
lidahôma think of someone, have an happened, an affair, an event, pl things,
opinion about someone; they thinks of happenings, events
someone
ligadek when it is a year
lidahômdôzik one thinks about
something ligaden it is a year

lidahômdam they thinks about ligadenowaiwi by the year, the year

something round, being a year

lidahômgwak the way it is perceived ligadmawôgan age

lidahômgwat it is perceived in a certain

way ligba- lengthwise, in longitudinal
lidahômgwzit the way one is perceived strips
lidahômgwzo they is perceived in a
certain way ligbatahômek one pounds ash splints
lidahômgwzowôgan perception ligbataha pound ash splints; they
lidahôzi think in general, decide, make pounds ash splints
up mind ligbatahiga they works at pounding
lidahôzik what is thought

ligbatahigamek one works at pounding

144
ligbatahigan pl ligbatahiganal ash ligwônsa sew; they sews
splints, pounded things ligwônsawôgan pl ligwônsawôganal
ligbazahômek one cuts through sewing work
lengthwise ligwônzik one sews something
ligbazaha cut through lengthwise; they ligwônzo it is sewn
slices lengthwise
ligwônzogan pl ligwônzoganal a
ligbazhigan pl ligbazhiganal a slice thimble
ligbazowôgan pl ligbazowôganal a
splint making tool, a slicing tool for
making basket splints ligwa- roll

ligda jump ligwadôgan a hoop

ligwada they or it is rolling

ligdahiga shoot rapids, jump a falls ligwakôgan pl ligwakôganal a top,

thing to make roll or spin
ligdahigamek one shoots the rapids,
jumps the falls ligwaka they makes something roll

ligdahikhômek one makes someone ligwakamek one makes something roll

jump ligwakamôgan pl ligwakamôganal
ligdahikha make someone jump; they bicycle, a thing to roll or pedal
makes someone jump
ligdahimek one jumps ligwagi- bleed
ligdahit pl ligedahijik one that jumps,
the jumper, a name for the snapping
turtle ligwagiado stain something with blood;
they stains something with blood
ligdaho they jumps
ligwagiala make someone bleed; they
ligdawôgan jumping, leaping makes someone bleed
ligen it is (in a certain state) ligwahla they or it rolls
ligwana roll something or someone by
ligwôns- sew hand; they rolls someone or something
by hand
ligwasa face the way you are going
ligwônsôgan pl ligwônsawôganal
thimble
ligwônsômek one sews lihl- move to or towards

145
lihlômek one goes to or towards
something or someone lijowabi travel selling, making a
lihla go to or towards something or selling trip
someone; they goes to or towards
something or someone
likmôz- shave something with a
draw knife
lih- do something for someone

likmôzik one shaves something with a

lihlômek one does something for drawknife
someone
likmôzkwôgan pl likmôzekwôganal a
lihôt what one does for him or them drawshave
lihôhôdit what they does for him or likmôzo they shaves something with a
them drawknife; it is shaved with a draw knife
lihit what one does for me or us likmôzodi pl likmôzodial drawknife, a
lihihidit what they do for me or us drawshave

lihogoan what he or they does for you likmôzwôgan shavings of wood

lihogoakw what he or they do for all of

you likta- act of hewing, working
liholan what I do for you wood
liholak what we do for you
liholakw what we do for all of you liktahiga work wood; they does
woodworking, hews
lihian what you do for me
liktahigan woodworking, hewing, act
lihiakw what you do for us
of hewing
liktahigamek one hews, does
lijoa- flow as a stream of liquid woodworking
liktahigawôgan hewing, woodworking
lijoahazo it flows, runs as sap
lijoahla it runs as sap likz- sawing
lijoan flow as a stream
lijoazit what flows likzôwôgan saw
likzôwan sawing
lijowab- travel selling, peddle likzôzik one cuts wood with a saw

146
likza cut with a saw; they cuts with a
saw lina- be like, appear like, feel,
likzowôgan pl ligezowôganal a saw seem

limôgw- have a certain odor,

linakwazi make a tearing sound
smell of something
linawôgan feeling especially with
respect to health
limôgwak the smell of something linawa seem, appear, feels with respect
limôgwat it has a certain odor to health
limôgwzit how someone smells linkawachi hope, wish for something in
future, desire
limôgwzo they has a certain odor, smell
of something linskawitaha signal to someone by
hand
limôgwzowôgan a smell

linto sing
limosa go to or towards
someplace; they goes towards a linton- accept something
certain place

lintooldimek when people sing together

limosamek one goes towards a certain in a group
place lintooldin singing in a group
lintooldoak they sing together in a
linôgw- something appears in a group
certain way lintowôgan pl lintowôganal a song
lintowôganis pl lintowôganisal a little
linôgwak what appears or seems in a song, a short song
certain way lintowawômek one sings for someone
linôgwat it appears or looks a certain lintowawa sing for someone; they sings
way for someone
linôgwzit the way one appears or looks lintowawi sing for me
linôgwzo they appears or looks a certain
way
lip- a meal
linôgwzowôgan appearance

147
 litôgwzit the way one is heard, one who
is heard
lipabadegibia paddle zigzag
litôgwzo they is heard, they way they
lipabadegibiamek one paddles zigzag
sounds
lipimek a meal, what one eats
litôgwzowôgan sound, a sound
lipiwi of the meal
lipmosa walk, go to
lita- flow as a liquid
lipmosamek one walks, one goes to
somewhere
lipo they eats litan it flows as a current

lipod- rub litb- how it comes to be

lipodiga rub litbôtsi make a pack, pack up

lipodigamek one rubs litbôtsimek one makes a pack, packs up

lipodo rub something, wipe something; litbezoipmegawôgan the chief making

they rubs someone dance, the election dance
litbezwôgan authority or qualifications
or title of an elected official
lipon- place
litbezi be elected
litbezimek one is elected
liponômek one places someone in a
litbezit one who is elected
certain way
litbezwinno pl litbezwinnoak an
liponôzik one places something in a
official, an elected person
certain way
litbihlômek what happens, what comes
lipona how they or it is placed, put or
to be
set
litbihla it happens
litta right to, right up to, right until;
litôgw- be heard
emphasis

litôgwadossa it was sounded

liw- name, call; treat, do
litôgwak what is heard, the way that it something to
sounds
litôgwat it is heard, how it is heard
liwi in such a way
148
liwihlômek one calls someone thus lokwanômek steer, direct someone
liwihla call or name someone; they calls lokwanôzik steer, direct something
or names someone thus lokwana steer, direct; they steers or
liwitôzik one names something directs someone or something
liwitôzo it is named, it is called
liwitam name something thus; they lokwaz- call, call out, make sound
names something in such a way
liwizimek one is named
lokwazi call, call out, holler
liwizo they is named
lokwazimek one calls, hollers,
liwizwôgan pl liwizwôganal a name vocalizes
liwlaldôzik one thinks something good, lokwazo they calls out
satisfactory
lokwazoka make a vocal noise
liwlalda they well
lokwazokamek one makes a vocal
liwlaldam they thinks well of noise
something
lokwazowôgan pl lokwazowôganal a
liwlaldamana please, if you please, if flute, a jewsharp, a wooden whistle
you think well of something
Lolô Lawrence; Laurent
lla it is true, it is a fact, it is correct
Lolol the Boogeyman, person to
lli until frighten children with,
lliasokwek up to the clouds Lopal Robert
Lobal Robert
lokapiso pl lokabisoal a package or losa go, walk
bale of fur

losadawômek one goes to bring

lokwa chop with an axe; direct, someone
steer losadawa go to bring someone; they
goes to bring someone
lokwahômek one steers or directs losaik what goes or happens, it goes or
someone happens
lokwahôzik one steers or directs losamek one walks, goes
something losa go; they goes
lokwaha steer, direct someone; they losao it goes, proceeds, fares
directs someone or steers something
losat one who goes
149
Lowi Louis <Fr. Louis môjaaimômek at the beginning, one
begins to be
lowi pl lowiak a pound <Fr. Louis d'or
(20 francs) through Eng. pound (20 môjaaima they or it begins to be
shillings) to Eng. pound of weight môjaatsaka when they start to turn
Lowis Louise, Louisa color
môjabia start paddling; they starts
paddling
M
môjabiamek one starts paddling
môjabiat one who starts paddling
môdawidôzik one embroiders
something môjadôzik one carries, takes something
away; one starts or begins something
môdawido they embroiders something
môjadawômek one carries, takes
môgis pl môgisak monkey <Eng. something away for someone
monkeys
môjadôzik one starts something
môgisis pl môgisisak a little monkey
môjadôzo it is started
môgizowi act like a monkey
môjada start to do something; it
môhlidahômdôzik one finds something commences, starts up
strange
môjadaôzo it is started, commenced
môhlidahômdam they considers
something strange môjado start something; they starts
flying; take away something
môigan pl môiganal the loins, the reins,
lumbus or human genitals môjaga it begins to grow, going, to
work, do
môjagada it starts to burn
môj- begin, depart, start
môjagakimzi start to learn
môjagakimzimek one starts to learn
môja begin, start
môjagawinno pl môjagawinnok a
môja ôbankawôgan an initial deposit starter, a person who starts off
môja namitôzik one starts to see môjagek what grows
something
môjagen it grows
môjaadgwahiga begin to sew on a
moccasin top môjagenômek one grows up

môjaadgwahigamek one begins to sew môjagenôzik what grows up

on a moccasin top môjagena raise, grow; they raise
someone or something

150
môjagi grow môjasa begin, start an action
môjagimegwak at the beginning of môjasamek one begin, one starts an
time, it begins to be counted action
môjagimek one grows môjasada let us begin
môjagmozi start to cut wood môjasado start something
môjahômek one begins or commences môjasaik it is the beginning
someone môjategwak the source of the river
môjaha begin it môji leave, depart
môjahazik it moves, goes, departs môjilawahômek one excites someone
môjahazit one who goes, departs môjilawaha they excites someone
môjahlôk what departs, it departs môjilawahlômek one becomes excited
môjahla it leaves, departs môjilawahla they becomes excited
môjahomek one begins môjimek one goes away, one starts
môjaiwi beginning, at the start môjo they departs, leaves
môjajoak when or where the rapids or môjoldoak they go away, depart
falls begin
môjakanni begin to travel, set out,
depart on trip môl- marked, striped
môjakannoldit start traveling
môjakwôgan growth, act of increasing môlôdagw pl môlôdagok a northern
white cedar, low branch, Thuja
môjakwazi begin to call
occidentalis
môjalômek one carries or takes
Môlôdagwinebizon Mali Môlôdagw's
someone away
medicine, boneset, Eupatorium
môjalômsen wind begins, it begins to perfoliatum
blow
môlôgowimen pl môlôgowimenak a
môjalôt one who takes someone away, grape , Vitis spp.
they takes him away
môlôgowimenakwam pl
môjala they takes someone away môlôgowimenakwamak a grape vine,
môjanôzik one starts it a machine or car Parthenocissus quinquefolia

môjana start it up; they starts a machine môlôgwimenis pl môlôgwimenisal a

or a car wild grape, Virginia creeper fruit

môjanto begin to sing môlaloskws pl môlaloskwsak

ironwood, lever wood, Carpinus
môjantomek one begins to sing caroliniana
151
môlamagws pl môlamagwsak yellow môlhesdam they hears something as
perch, marked fish strange
môlamagwsis pl môlamagwsisak a môlhidôzimek one is made queerly
minnow, little striped fish môlhidôzo they or it is made queerly
môlaskwa paper birch bark, striped môlhigen it is odd
bark
môlhigo they is odd
môlazigan pl môlaziganak a black bass
môlhihla it happens strangely
Môlemagw the Merrimack River, Mass,
deep water môlhinôgwak what looks strange, a
curiosity
môlhinôgwat it appears strange, looks
môlh- curious, odd, queer, strange queer
môlhinawa they finds something
môlhadaôbi look around curiously curious
môlhadaôbimek one looks around môlhintatôgw they is strangely skillful
curiously môlhintatimek one is strangely skillful
môlhagizôzik one counts or reads môlhintato they is strangely skillful,
curiously very clever, very intelligent
môlhagizi count or read curiously môlhintatwôganal brilliance; strange
môlhagizo they counts or reads abilities; signs
curiously môlhipowinôgwat it looks like it tastes
môlhaka throw oddly strange
môlhakamek one throws oddly môlikihla pl môlikihlaal a barrel
môlhakan throwing oddly môlsem pl môlsemok a wolf
môlhaldôzik one marvels at something môlsemowihlôa whenever I become a
wolf
môlhalda one marvels
môlsemowihlômek one becomes a wolf
môlhaldam one marvels at something;
they marvels at something Môlsemowinno Wolf Clan, a wolf
person
môlhaloka act funny, curiously; they
acts strange môlsemsis pl môlsemsisak a coyote
môlhalokamek one acts funny,
curiously mômôg- quick, expedient, hasty
môlhesdôzik one hears something as
strange

152
mômôgwadema they makes emergency mômannaaloka work very slowly
snowshoes mômannagamigwzit slow one, tranquil
mômôgwalokamek one works roughly one
mômôgwaloka work roughly; they mômannalokan working slowly
works roughly mômannawido do something very
mômôgwipi eat quickly, take a hasty slowly
meal, take a snack mômanni very slowly, taking your
mômôgwipimek one eats quickly, takes time, gently
a hasty meal, takes a snack mômannibia paddle very slowly
mômôgwikazi build house quickly, mômannidahôzwôgan very slow
make an emergency shelter thinking
mômôgwikazimek one builds a house mômannigadazo he treats someone
quickly, makes an emergency shelter slowly or late
mômôgwikôn pl mômôgwikônal a mômannilosa go somewhere very
quick camp, an emergency camp or an slowly
overnight camp
mômannimamôji move or start very
mômôgwimenasi take emergency food slowly
mômôgwitema they makes emergency mômanninôgwzo he appears slow
snowshoes
mômannipakwsata it dries very slowly
mômôgwiwi hastily
mômannosa walk very slowly
mômôgwtoli make an emergency canoe
mômannosat the slow walker, they
walks slowly customarily
mômôl- striped mômejessala the very last, the last
born, for the last time, lately
mômôlagen pl mômôlagenol calico mômenasokwat very scattered clouds,
partly cloudy
mômôlamakws pl mômôlamakwsak
yellow perch mômikwalmegwzit a memorial to
someone
mômôli striped
mômjidimek people congratulate each
mômôligo they is marked or striped
other
mômjidoak they congratulate each
mômann- very slow other
mômjimômek one congratulates
someone
mômannôdwa they talks very slowly

153
mômjima congratulate someone; they môshaga it is curious
congratulates someone môshagadôzik one perceives something
môni pl môniak a dollar (actually strange
money, wmonima his dollar) môshagadaôbi see something strange
môni pl mônial money (in general môshagadaôbimek one sees something
terms, ie. wmonim her money) strange
Môniadenak Silver Mountain môshagadaôbo they sees something
môniika there is plenty of money strange
môniigamikw a bank, a money house môshagadam they perceives something
strange
môniiya silver material
môshagaloka they acts odd, strange
mônika count money
môshagalokamek one acts odd
mônikamek one accumulates, collects,
or works at money; one counts money môshaggwasi dream something strange
môninoda a purse, money bag; the môshaggwasimek one dreams
stock exchange something strange
môninojinadmiwad pl môshaghaga an odd shaped body
môninojinadmiwadak a banker; a môshagi strange, unusual
broker
môshagidahômdôzik one finds
mônis pl mônisak a few dollars something they think of as strange
mônis pl mônisal little money, some môshagidahômdam they finds
money something strange by thinking about it
môni tatabakamek a treasury môshagidahômdikhômek one causes
someone to be surprised or to think
something strange
môshag- curious, odd, strange
môshagidahômdikhôt one who causes
someone to be surprised or to think
môshagôjmimek one tells a very something strange
strange story
môshagidahômdikha they causes
môshagôjmo they tells a very strange someone to be surprised or to think
story, a curious tale something strange
môshagôdokawômek one tells a môshagidahômgwat it is thought odd
strange story to someone
môshagidahôzimek one is perplexed
môshagôdokawa tell strange story to
môshagidahôzo they is perplexed
someone; they tells a strange story to
someone môshagigen it is strange

154
môshagigo they is strange môt- (mamôt-, môj-, mamôj-)
môshagigisgat it is strange weather move
môshagilawa troubled, feel strange
môshaginôgwak what appears odd môtka move; they moves

môshaginôgwat it appears strange, it is môtkamek one moves

curious to see môtkawômek one moves someone
môshaginôgwzo they appears strange, môtkawa move someone; they moves
they is odd looking someone
môshaginam they finds something môtnôzik one moves something
curious
môtnôzo it is moved
môshagitôgwat it sounds strange, it is
môtnem move something; they moves
curious to hear
something
môshagitahôzik the one that is made
oddly, it is made oddly
môw- grouped, together
môshagitaôzo it is made oddly
môshagitawôbimek one is sightseeing,
seeing strange sights môwôgawinnoak a tribe, a band, a
society, they are of a common group
môshagitawôbo they is sightseeing,
seeing strange sights môwôgwadôzik one accumulates things
môshagkwazi cry out strangely, make a môwôgwado they accumulates things
curious call môwôjagta it is pressed or pounded
môshagkwazimek one cries out together
strangely, make a curious call môwakidôzik one adds something up
môshagkwazit they who calls strangely, môwalagw pl môwalagol a common
he calls curiously canoe, all the people's canoe
môshagkwazo they calls strangely môwalokadimek when/where people
môshagsedôzik one hears something come together to work
curious môwi together
môshagsedam they hears something môwiôwdi pl môwiôwdial a public
curious road
Môshewajosek old Boston, Mass. at the môwigôboak they stand together, stand
strange small mountain grouped
môwigamigw pl môwigamigol a public
house

155
môwigen pl môwigenol it is together
môwikizoak they are cooked together maôwenômek one takes the right one
môwiljanômek one shakes hands maôwena take the right one; they takes
the right one
môwiljana shake hands; they shakes
hands maôwi correct, exact, right
môwiwi together maôwidahôdôzik one thinks something
correct
môwhlawôgan an assembly
maôwidahôdam they thinks something
môwkannoak they travel together in a
correct
group
maôwigek the right thing, that which is
môwkawôgan pl môwkawôganal a
exact
community
maôwigen it is correct, exact
môwkawiki public land
maôwinôzik one approves something
môwkawimenahan pl
môwkawimenahanol a public island maôwinôzo it is approved
môwkawinno a citizen, an associate maôwinam they finds something right,
satisfactory, agreeable
môwkawinno pl môwkawinnoak a
tribal member, an associate, a band maôwinawado find something good for
member; pl a band, a company, political someone
party, a corporation maôwipaiômek one arrives on time
môwnôzik one brings something maôwipaia arrive on time; they arrives
together in a bunch on time
môwna bring something together in a maôwiptôzik one seizes the right one
bunch; they brings something together in
a bunch maôwipto they seizes the right one

Môwsedowadoikisokw Dominion Day maôwitôzik one makes something the

right way, made right
môwtôzik one puts something together
maôwitôzo it is made right
môwto put something together; they
puts something together maôwito make something right,
correctly; they makes something in the
môwwôgôjik those who are united to right way, correctly
do something
maôwitta just exactly
môwwa bring together
maôwiwi exactly
môzôbi pl môzôbial a bead

maa- collect, gather

maôw- correct, exact
156
 maahlakwsoka collect black ash; they
collects black ash
maagôboak they stand together, gather
and stand maahlakwsokamek one collects black
ash
maagakamoldimek when several
gather together, a large gathering maahlawôgan an assembly
maagakamoldoak they gather together maahligo hardwood land
maaghiga they rakes maanôt gatherer, one who gathers
maaghigamek one rakes maanôzik one gathers something
maaghigan pl maaghiganal a rake, the maanôzo it is gathered
gathering instrument maana gather by hand
maagiadawômek one uses sign
language
maana- gather to keep, greedy,
maagiadawa signal to someone with
work to aquire
hands; they signals to someone using
sign language
maagnômek one picks or gather maanagesoimek one is eager for news,
someone (as in strawberries) greedy for information
maagnôzik picks or gathers something maanagesoit one who is eager for
news, greedy for information
maagna pick or gather someone or
something maanagesoo they is eager for news
maagnapimek one gather what one eats maanajazoimek one collects and saves,
they is greedy
maagnapo they gathers what they eats
maanajazoo they collects and saves,
maagnem gather something by hand
they is greedy
maagnigadias pl maagnigadiasak a
maanakwhadimek when people pick
greedy person; a bird who picks up food
and gather
with his beak
maanakwhadin picking time
maahlômek when people gather or
assemble maanakwhadoak they pick and
gathering
maahlak they assemble, gather
maanalkawôgan greed, avarice,
maahlakws pl maahlakwsak black
stinginess
ash, brown ash, Fraxinus nigra
maanalkawinno pl maanalkawinnoak
maahlakwsis pl maahlakwsisak a
a miser, a stingy person
small black or red ash
maanaltôzik one is stingy about things

157
maanalto they is stingy maasaalokamek one works early in the
moring
maanaltowôgan greed
maasakawimek one sleeps (goes to
maanamagwas pl maanamagwasak an
bed) early
osprey, the fish gatherer
maasakao they sleeps early
maanawaka save, preserve, conserve
maasatokimek one rises early in the
maanawakamek one saves, preserve,
morning
or conserves
maasatokit one who rises early, the
maanawalema keep to give someone
very early riser
maanazaawimek one saves, conserves
maasatoko they rises early
maanem they gathers something,
maawizi pick and gather
collects something
maawizimek one picks and gathers
maaniga gather, collect, hoard
maanigamek one collects, one gathers
together, accumulates mach- (mat-) complete, end, finish
maanigimek one picks berries
maanigo they pick berries machi finishing, ending
maanigowôgan berry picking; bark machiaalômimek one loses their breath
dish for collecting gum
machiaalômo they loses her breath, he
maanigwa they collects gum from is out of breath
spruce or other trees
machiatbigwam they finishes binding
maanigwamek one collects gum from something, finish the basket rim
spruce or other trees
machiawkôwzimek one finishes
maadimek when people gather enjoying
maadin people gather, a group meeting, machiawkôwzo they finishes enjoying
meeting time
machidôzik one finishes something
maadoak they gather
machido finish doing something
machiga lasting, enduring, the same,
maasa early, beforehand, just the same, in process, good enough,
premeditate so-so
machigadga at the end of this year
maasaaloka work very early; they machigatta really good enough, getting
works early by well, really enduring
machigtam they finishes eating

158
machigek what is ended; the end mad- bad
machigmodnôzik one steals
everything, finishes stealing
madabskwijoan it is a bad rocky
machigmodna steal everything, finish current
stealing
madagôm bad sleep
machigwônsa they finishes sewing
madagen pl madagenol a hide, a skin
machihla it ends, he dies, wears out
madagenihlas pl madagenihlazak a
machikazimek one finishes building bat, a skin bird
machikazo they finishes building madageninoda pl madageninodaal a
machimgwazimek one is lethargic, leather bag
always drowsy madagenis pl madagenisal a little skin
machimgwazo they is lethargic madageniya of leather, leather material
machina they dies madahôdo pl madahôdoak a bad spirit
machinaik dead thing, what is dead, it madahôdoihômek one is bad spirited
is dead
madahôdoihôt one who is a bad spirit,
machinaiwi finally, definitely a bad spirit
machinamek one dies madahôdoiha they is a bad spirit
machinasa they finishes breathing, he madahôdoskwa pl madahôdoskwak a
is out of breath female bad spirit
machinasketbihlôk it became well madahôdot bad spirit-power one
ended
madahôdowi a bad spirit-powered
machinat pl machinajik a dead one, action
they is dead, they dies
madahôdowi wtamô pl madahôdowi
machinawôgan death and dying wtamôwak mullein, bad spirit-power
machinawinno pl machinawinnoak tobacco, Scrophulariaceae
dead person madahôdowibakw pl
machinokta it is finished softening madahôdowibakol burdock, bad spirit-
power leaf, Arctium lappa
machipoda it is worn out by rubbing or
friction madahôdosis pl madahôdosisak a little
bad spirit-powered one
machis pl machisal a match (for
igniting) <Eng. matches madahla pl madahlak a beaver skin

machiwi lasting, long wearing, madahlakw cast iron, bad metal

enduring madaki pl madakial bad land, poor or
barren

159
madalôgw pl madalôgok an old worn madawitasin they falls hurting herself
out kettle badly
madalkô completely rotten madawjitômek one starts to become
lame
madamagw pl madamagwak flounder,
bad fish madawjitôt one who starts to become
lame
madamalsimek one feels bad
madawjita they starts to become lame
madamalso they feels bad
madawosa walk as though crippled;
madamalsowôgan sick, feeling bad,
they walks as though they is crippled
not feeling well
madawosamek one walks as though
madasem pl madasemok a bad dog
they are crippled
madasokwat bad sky, threatening a
madawtahôzimek one is wounded
storm or rain
madawtahôzo they is wounded
Maditegw the Mad River, VT, bad river
madaw- crippled, lame, wounded
madwôzimek one complains, grumbles,
murmurs
madawelja they is crippled in the hand
madwôzo they complains
madawelji pl madaweljial a crippled
madwôzwôgan act of complaining
hand
madwôzwinno a complainer
madawigimek one is crippled
madawigit one who is crippled
magôl- shovel
madawigo they is crippled
madawinôgwat it appears crippled,
looks lame magôlhiga they shovels
madawinôgwzo they appears crippled magôlhigamek one shovels
madawipedin pl madawipedinal a magôlhigan pl magôlhiganal a shovel
crippled arm magôlhigawôgan shoveling
madawipedina they is crippled in the magôlibo pl magôliboak a caribou, the
arm shoveler
madawitôzimek one becomes crippled magôliboadagen pl magôliboadagenal
madawitôzo they becomes crippled a caribou hide
madawitasimek one falls hurting magôliboawa pl magôliboawaak a
herself badly caribou skin
maga give away; they gives away

160
magachis an exclamation expressing mahôw- chief, head, principal
astonishment
magamek one gives away
mahôwad pl mahôwadak a land lord, a
magawôgan a gift, act of giving headman, a boss
magawôganal wji awibenôwzowôgan mahôwadiskwa pl mahôwadiskwak a
gifts for a peaceful life land lady
magaz pl magazak a shadow mahôwaik principal thing
magazko they is generous, of a giving mahôwi principal, chief, main
nature
Mahigan pl Mahiganak a Mahican or
Magwa pl Magwak an Iroquois Indian; an Indian from Schaghticook, in
a coward Stillwater, New York
magwasis pl magwasisak cedar Mahiganis pl Mahiganisak a small
waxwing, a little Iroquois, a little Indian from the Schaghticoke, New York
coward, Bombyeilla cedrorum

mahs- make greater

magwi- swell

mahsihômek one makes someone

magwin it swells greater
magwizimek one swells mahsiha they makes someone greater
magwizo they swells mahsihit one who makes me or us
greater
magwizowôgan a swelling
mahsitôzik one makes something
greater
mahôdo- be active, go about;
mahsidam they makes something
supernatural
greater
mahsidawômek one makes something
mahôdoimek one moves around, is greater for someone
active; one is supernatural
mahsidawa they makes something
mahôdoit pl mahôdoijik one who greater for someone
moves around, is active; the supernatural
one
maj- (mad-) bad
mahôdoo they goes about, is active;
they is supernatural
majôba pl majôbak a bad man, an ugly
man
161
majôdeba pl majôdebak a bad majiabosihlômek one has a bad fever;
tempered, stubborn man one gets the measles
majôdebis pl majôdebisak a child with majiabosihla they has a bad fever or
a bad temper the measles
majôgwômômek one badly accuses majiabosihlawôgan a bad fever, the
someone measles
majôgwôma they badly accuses majichilamadôzik one has a bad
someone feeling about a situation
majadaka they acts badly majichilamadam they has a bad feeling
about a situation, a feeling it will turn
majadakamek one acts badly
bad
majaldam they is angry
majichilamadamowôgan an ominous
majalmôanep the one who you cursed feeling, a feeling it will turn bad
majalmôt one bewishes her majichilamamômek one has a bad
majalmegw they are bewitched; they feeling about someone, a feeling they
are in love will turn bad

majalmegwzi unlucky, be unlucky majichilamama they has a bad feeling

about someone, a feeling they will turn
majalmegwzit one who is bad wished, bad
cursed
majidahômgwat it is considered bad
majalmegwzowôgan bad luck
majidahôms pl majidahômsak a
majalmit pl majalmijik a bad-wisher, person of ill will, a bad thinking person
one who bad-wishes
majidegwa it is an ugly face
majamtok discourteous
majidegwazimek one is ugly faced
majdonka curse; they says bad words
majidegwazo they is ugly faced
majdonkamek one curses, one swears
majigadasa it is a bad sign for her
majdonkat one who curses
majigaden it is a bad year
majdonkawôgan cursing
majiganazimek one is consumptive,
majegwasimek one dreams badly, has a has tuberculosis
bad dream
majiganazo they is consumptive, they
majegwaso they dreams badly, has a has has tuberculosis
bad dream
majiganazowôgan consumption,
majegisgat it is bad weather tuberculosis
maji bad majigek bad thing, that which is bad
maji wskinnosis a bad little boy

162
majigelolômek one talks bad to majilawahlômek one gets nauseated
someone majilawahla they gets nauseated
majigelola talk bad to someone; they majilawawôgan a stomach ache
talks bad about someone
majimôgwat it stinks
majigen it is bad
majigihlo it is dull, it cuts badly
majimalômihlômek one has whooping
majigit one who is bad cough
majigo they is bad majimalômihla they has whooping
majigwôgan badness, ugliness, malice, cough
wickedness majimalômihlawôgan whooping cough
majigwaimek one grimaces, makes a
bad face
majim- always
majigwao they grimaces
majigwaowôgan a grimace
majimi always
majigwinôgwzi appear bad, dangerous
majimiwi always
majigwinno pl majigwinnoak a bad
person majimskiko pl machimskikoal poison
ivy, bad grass
majigwinnosis pl majigwinnosisak a
bad small person, as a bad child majimskikowihlômek one gets poison
ivy
majigwis pl majigwisak a little bad
one, a nuisance majimskikowihla they gets poison ivy
majigwit pl majigwijik one who is bad majinôgwat it appears bad
majihlômek one goes badly majinôgwzo they appears bad
majihlôzik what goes badly majinôwadôzik one does something
bad, one sins
majihla they or it goes badly
majinôwado they sins
majiki pl majikial a poor or barren land
majinôwadwôgan sinning, bad actions
majikiwhlochowaldamwôgan
lasciviousness majinôzi act badly
majikkil pilaskwi mônial counterfeit majinôzimek one acts badly
bank notes majinôzo they acts badly
majilawa they is nauseated, sick to majinebizon pl majinebizonal a
stomach poison, a bad medicine
majilawamek one is nauseated, sick to
stomach
163
majinebizonhômek one poisons majosalowa they carries evil
someone majosalowaik what carries evil, it
majinebizonhôzik one poisons carries evil
something majosao it goes badly, there is trouble
majinebizonhôzimek one is poisoned majskwa pl majskwak a homely
majinebizonhôzo they is poisoned woman
majinebizonha poison someone; they majskwao they is an ugly woman
poisons someone makazawbagak a black liquid
majinebizonham they poisons makazawigek something that is black
something
makazawigek silki some black silk
majinebizonokhowômek one causes ribbon
someone to be poisoned
makazawigit pl makazawigijik black
majinebizonokhowa poison someone; flies
they causes someone to be poisoned
makelo pl makeloak a mackerel
majinebizonoo it is poison
makezen pl makezenal a shoe, a
majinebizonowik that which is poison, moccasin
bad medicine
makezenôbi pl makezenôbial
majinioskan pl machinioskanak a shoestring, moccasin string
dead bone
makezenôdeb pl makezenôdebak a
majipogwat it tastes bad water moccasin snake
majisem pl majisemok a bad dog makezenôdeb pl makezenôdebal a
majisidaldôzik one wishes for moccasin head
something bad to happen to someone, makezenadagen pl makezenadagenol
one wishes bad luck on someone moccasin leather, shoe leather
majisidaldam they wishes someone makezenagen pl makezenagenol
bad luck moccasin leather, shoe leather
majitam they dislikes a taste maksa pl maksaal a blanket
majkômgwat it is hard walking, hard maksaagen pl maksaagenol blanket
snowshoeing material, a piece of a blanket
majkikôn pl majkikônal a bad field maksasis pl maksasisal cloth
majlohom he speaks badly of makwônipi eat something sweet
something
makwônipimek one eats something
majohôwadwôgan bad action sweet
majosalowômek one carries evil makwônipo they eats something sweet

164
makwônipogwak what tastes sweet mamôdaskwapozwak wagging their
heads
makwônipogwat it tastes sweet
makwaaskadamôt a garter snake, the
red grazer mamôgim- denigrate, disparage
makwabit a beaver, the red toothed one
makwakwsek dogwood, red osier, mamôgimômek one disparages or
Cornus stolonifera denigrates someone
makwbagak wine, the red liquid mamôgima disparage someone,
makwhowikhôzik a dace, the red denigrate, depreciate; they disparages or
marked one denigrates someone

makwigek pl makwigekkil that which

is red mamôj- begin, move
makwigit pl makwigijik beets; one
who is red
mamôja it begins, it moves
makwsawat an English soldier, one
mamôjasahiga in the very beginning
who wears red
mamôjesi move a little
makwses pl makwsesak a fawn, a
young deer. mamôjibodôzik one brews something
Malgelit Margaret mamôjibodôzik labial one brews beer
Mali Mary <Eng. or Fr. Marie mamôjibodam brew something; they
brews something
Malian Marian <Eng. or Fr. Marie-
Anne mamôjigôbi move standing
Malis small or young Mary mamôjigôbimek one moves standing
malisjômek one weeps, cries mamôjigôbo they moves standing
malisja they cries mamôjipodôzik one shakes something
Malkelit Marguerite <Eng. or Fr. mamôjipoda shake
Marguerite mamôjipodam shake something; they
malomen pl malomenal a grain of shakes something
wheat; an ear of corn, pl wheat, corn mamôjimek one moves or begins
malomenakikôn pl malomenakikônal mamôjo they moves or begins
a corn field
malto pl maltoal a hammer <Fr.
marteau mamôl- very strange

165
mamôlegwasi dream strange dreams mamagaha hurt, mistreat, injure,
torture someone; they mistreats someone
mamôlegwasimek one dreams strange
dreams Mamagahodwôgan The Passion of
Christ
mamôlegwaso they dreams strange
dreams mamagaloka mistreat or torture
someone; they tortures someone
mamôlhaloka do something very
strange; they does something very mamagalokamek one is cruel or
strange tortures someone
mamôlhalokamek one does something mamagalokat torturer, the one who
very strange mistreats
mamôlhalokan doing something very mamagalokawôgan cruelty, torture
strange mamakaiwi while, for a while
mamôlhalokawôgan a peculiar action, mamakaiwsi for a little while
the doing of something very curious or
strange mamakaden the foot of a mountain

mamôlhidahômdôzik one thinks mamakajoan it is the foot of a rapids

something is strange mamajdonka use bad words often; they
mamôlhidahômdam think something often uses bad language, swears,
is strange; they thinks something is blasphemes
strange mamajdonkamek one often uses bad
mamôlhinôgw appear strange language, swears, blasphemes

mama pl mamak a pileated wood- mamajesmi be always drinking or

pecker, a black wood pecker drunk

mamagabi sit on ground, sit on floor mamajesmimek one is always drinking

or drunk
mamagabimek one sits on ground, sit
on floor mamajesmo they is always drinking or
drunk
mamagabo they sits on ground or on
the floor mamajigen it is very bad

mamagahômek one mistreats someone mamajigek what is very bad

mamagahôn the miserable one, the mamajigit one who is very bad
mistreated one mamajigo they is very bad
mamagahôzimek one is mistreated, mamajimjagihlômek one is bogged
hurt, harmed down
mamagahôzo they is mistreated, hurt, mamajimjagihlôzik one becomes
harmed bogged down by something

166
mamajimjagihla become bogged mamasagôdeb pl mamasagôdebal a
down; they becomes bogged down (as bald or shaven head
by mud) mamasagôdeba pl mamasagôdebak a
mamajimjagihlak that which is bogged bald headed one
down, the bogged down thing (as is a car mamasagabi sit naked
stuck in mud)
mamasagabimek one sits naked
mamajimklabidôzik one ties
something forever (ties a knock that mamasagabo they sits naked
cannot be untied) mamasagihlômek one goes naked
mamajimklabidôzo it is tied forever mamasagihla go naked; they goes
mamajimklabido tie something naked
forever; they ties something forever (so mamasagiwi in a naked manner,
that it is always tied) nakedly
mamaligwnowat pl mamaligwnowajik mamasagnômek one strips, undresses
a june bug, a hardshelled bug, the one
mamasagzida barefoot
who grips very hard
mamasagzidabimek one sits barefoot
maman food in baby talk
mamasagzidabit one who sits barefoot
mamasagzidabo they sits barefoot
mamann- very slowly
mamasagzidaiwi do something
barefoot
mamanniwi very slowly
mamasagzidasa walk barefoot; they
mamanninôgw appear very slowly walks barefoot
mamannipi eat very slowly mamasagzidasamek one walks
mamannipimek one eats very slowly barefoot

mamannipo they eats very slowly mamaska pl mamaskak a toad

mamannimek when one is very slow mamattegwa the headwater or source

of a river
mamanno they is very slow
mamannosa walk very slowly; they
walks very slowly mamesan- mock, ridicule, revile
mamannosamek one who walks very
slowly mamessanôbdalomotawômek one
laugh at someone with scorn
mamasag- naked, nude

167
mamessanôbdalomotawa laugh at mamhligikawimek one sleeps soundly
someone with scorn; they laughs at mamhligikao they sleeps soundly
someone with scorn
mamhliksani be very strong
mamessani mockingly
mamhliksanimek one is very strong
mamessanihômek one mocks or
shames someone mamhliksano they is very strong

mamessanimômek one ridicules or mamhlowaka throw hard; they throws

rails on someone hard

mamessanima ridicule someone; they mamhlowakamek one throws hard

rails on someone mamijôla pl mamijôlaak a butterfly, a
mamessanimegon they reviled him moth, always eating with tongue one

mamessanitwôgan one is mocking mamijôzik what is commonly eaten;

one commonly eats something
mamijôzo it is commonly eaten
mamhlaw- great, much

mamil- away from shore, in the

mamhlawbaga lots of water spread out, deep, in the middle
a large expanse of water
mamhlawesmimek one drinks a lot
mamilôzoka wade out; they wades out
mamhlawesmo they drinks a lot
into the water
mamhlawi abundant, great
mamilôzokamek one wades out away
mamhlawipi eat a lot from the shore
mamhlawipimek one eats a lot mamilahôma a point reaching far
mamhlawipo they eats a lot offshore

mamhlawiwi abundantly, greatly mamilahômak pl mamilahômakil a

promontory, a point of high land that juts
mamhlawbagw pl mamhlawbagol an out into the water
expansive lake
mamilakhôzimek one throws oneself
Mamhlawbagok Lake into deep water
Memphremagog, at the expansive lake
mamilakhôzo they throws herself into
mamhlawtahômek one hits someone deep water
hard
mamilaskaden it freezes towards the
mamhlawtaha hit someone hard, give middle of a lake or river
someone a beating; they hits someone
hard, gives someone a beating
mamhligikawi sleep soundly mamilg- many
168
 mamilgokwazo they calls in many
different ways
mamilgadaôbi see many things
mamilgwasimek one dream many
mamilgadaôbimek one sees many
dreams
things
mamilgôjmi tell of many things
mamilgadaôbo they sees many things
mamilgôjmimek one tells of many
mamilgakimômek one teaches many
things
things
mamilgôjmo one tells of many things
mamilgakima teach many things; they
teaches many things mamilgôtloka tell a story about many
things (a long story); they tells a story
mamilgawikhôzik one writes
about many different things
something in many ways
mamilgôtlokamek one tells a story
mamilgawikhôzo it is written in many
about many things
ways
mamilgelabidôzik one ties in many
mamilgawikha write in many ways;
ways
they writes in many ways
mamilgelabido tie in many ways; they
mamilgijik many kinds, those who are
ties in many ways
of many kinds
mamilibia paddle towards the middle;
mamilgikkil many kinds, things that are
they paddles towards the middle
many kinds
mamilibiamek one paddles towards the
mamilgitôgwak what sounds like a lot
middle
of news
mamilibiahlômek one paddles out into
mamilgitôgwat it sounds like a lot of
open water
news
mamilibiahla paddle out into open
mamilgitôgwzit one who talks about or
water; they paddles out to open water
is heard talking about many things
mamiligiwi from the land towards the
mamilgitôgwzo they talks about or is
open water
heard talking about many thing
mamiligwzimek one crawls into open
mamilgidahôzi think in many ways
water
mamilgidahôzimek one thinks in many
mamiligwzit one who crawls out into
ways
open water
mamilgidahôzo they thinks in many
mamiligwzo they crawls out into open
ways
water
mamilgokwazimek one calls in many
mamilisobagwa the open ocean, the
different ways
high sea

169
mamilidigan pl mamilidiganal a dock, mamsahlapipikôn pl
wharf, or pier, that which extends out mamsahlapipikônal spider web strings,
into the water spider webs
mamiliwi out from shore towards mamsahlapika pl mamsahlapikak a
middle of body of water, in open water, spider, many nets maker; the breathing
far offshore hole in a lake
mamiliwibia they paddles out into the mamsak pl mamsakil pl mamsakol a
open water, towards the middle of the musket ball, a brass cartridge, a bullet,
lake ammunition
mamiliwibiamek one paddles out into mamsalagikws pl mamsalagikwsak a
the open water, towards the middle of walleye pike, a large eyed fish
the lake mamsalipimek one eats a lot
mamillômsen wind from off the water, mamsalipo they eats a lot, is a big eater
an onshore wind
mamsalokôdôt a creature with big legs
mamilosa walk out from shore, into the
water; they walks out from shore, into mamsbaga very high water
the water mamsgilek very big one, it is very big
mamilosamek one walks out from mamsgwigwek very large thing
shore, into water
mamsgwigwi very big; greatly
mamiltahôzi push out into the water
mamsibagaak pl mamsibagaakil
mamiltahôzimek one pushes out into chunk of wood
the water (as in a canoe)
mamsiki a vast land
mamiltahôzo they pushes out into the
water
mamkwaaskadamôt pl man- direct, straight, sudden
mamkwaaskadamôjik a garter snake,
the very red grazer
manôdgwezimek one is blind
mamkwagwzit pl mamkwagwzijik
manôdgwezo they is blind
radish, very red one
Manôgemas pl Manôgemazak
mamkwakwsek red osier dogwood,
mythical underwater little people who
very red little stick, Cornus stolonifera
show up suddenly from water
managwôn pl managwônak a rainbow
mams- much, many, large manawalmômek one disallows
someone a claim

170
manawalmo disallow a claim; they mann- slow, slowly
disallows someone’s claim
manazaawi save
mannajôgimek one has tuberculosis, is
manazaawimek one saves consumptive
manazaawo they saves mannajôgowôgan tuberculosis,
mandokôzimek one ponders a problem consumption

mandokôzit pl mantokôzijik conjuror, mannajôgwiôsegwina they has a

one who sits and thinks or reflects consumptive cough

mandokôzo they ponders, reflects, mannaka throw suddenly; they throw

studies on a problem, refers to the suddenly
conjuring of a spiritual practitioner mannakamek one throws slowly
manhôzik one skims something mannakan throwing slowly
manhôzo it is skimmed mannakanni travel slowly
manhakwôgan pl manhakwôganak mannakannimek one travels slowly
inner bark of a woody plant that can be
mannakanno they travels slowly
eaten, the phloem
mannaldôzik one thinks of something
manhakwawôgan pl
slowly
manhakwawôganal the inner bark of a
plant mannalda think slowly
Manigebôba mythological male mannaldak a slow thinker
character, the unconventional man mannaldam they is slow to act, they
Manigebeskwas mythological female thinks slow
character, the unconventional woman mannaldamwinno pl
manimenahanikak pl mannaldamwinnoak a slow thinking
manimenahanikakil an archipelago, a person
group of islands mannaloka work slowly; they works
manistel pl manistelak a minister slow
<Eng. Minister mannalokamek one works slowly
manitta suddenly, all at once mannalokawôgan slow working
maniwadias pl maniwadiazak a mannalosa go or walk slowly; they
whistler duck, a goldeneye goes or walks slowly
maniwi directly, straight, at once mannalosamek one goes or walks
maniwitta at one time, immediately slowly
mannamagw pl mannamagol a slow
fish

171
manni slow, slowly manoha abôna they buys some bread
manniôsawôgan slow motion manohiga buy; they buys
mannibenôka a gradual downslope; a manohigamek one buys
slow falling bank manohigan buying
mannibia paddle slowly; they paddles manohigat a buyer, one who buys
slowly
monoho buy
mannibiamek one paddles slowly
manohom buy something; they buys
mannidahôzimek one thinks slow something
mannidahôzo they thinks slowly manohom pilaskw they buys some
manniklozi speak slowly paper
manniklozimek one speaks slowly manahomawômek one buys something
for someone
manniklozo they speaks slowly
manahomawa buy something for
mannintôzik one sings slowly
someone; they buys something for
manninto sing slowly; they sings someone
slowly
manohomawawzimek one buys
mannitan a slow current, it flows someone or something for oneself
slowly
manohomawawzihidit those who buy
manniwi gradually, slowly themselves someone or something
mannokwazi call slowly manohomawawzihidit pkazigana
mannokwazimek one calls slowly those who buy themselves sliced bread

mannokwazo they calls slowly manoiga buy; they buys

mannosa walk slowly; they walks manoigamek one buys

slowly manoigawôgan buying
mannosamek one walks slowly manohmohdit those who buy
something

mano- buy, purchase

manosa starve, to fast
manohômek one buys someone
manohôzik one buys something manosagôgan fasting, starvation

manohôzo it is bought manosagôganikizokw pl

manosagôganigisgaol a day of fasting
manoha buy someone; they buys
someone Manosagôtin Lent, people fast, fasting
time
172
 Masabagw Mashapaug Pond, CT, big
water
manosagôzi fast for a dream vision
Masabik Massapeag, CT, at the big
manosagôzimek one fasts for a dream
water
vision
Masabisek Massabesic Lake, NH, at
manosagôzin fasting for a dream vision
the great water
manosagôzo they fasts for a dream
Masajosek Massachusetts, at the big
vision
hills (in reference to Milton, Blue Hill,
manosagôzowôgan fasting, abstinence south of Boston)
manosawôgan starving, fasting

masakw- clear many trees, a

mao- contact clearing

maokôzik one reaches something masakwhigamek one clears trees off

the land
maokam reach something; they reaches
something masakwhigan land clearing
maokawômek one reaches someone Masakwsek Long Meadow, Mass. and
Hampden, CT, at the clearing
maokawa reach someone; they reaches
someone masalôdawa climb a lot; they climbs a
lot
maotahômek one collides, crashes, has
a collision masalôdawamek one climbs a lot
maotaha collide, crash; they has a Masalaki Mount Moosilauke, NH, big
collision land
maotakawômek one collides with masalawighôzik one marks or writes
someone much
maotakawa collide with someone, masalawighôzo it is written a lot
crash into someone in a car; they masalawigha mark or write a lot; they
collides with someone is a prolific writer or artist
maotakawatwôgan a collision masalkik many ones, the multitude
masalkik pmôwzowinnoak many
mas- big, much, to a large degree, people
in a large amount masalkil many things
masakil pskwasawônal many flowers
masaba much liquid

173
masbaak overflowed, when there is maskihlaidegwawôgan pockmarks, a
much water pockmarked face
Masbi Mashpee, Mass, big water maskikoôgama a grass lake
Masessibi the Mississippi River, the maskimôkwses pl maskimôkwesesak
great river a bedbug
Masessolian Sorel, PQ masksa pl maksaal a blanket
Masessoliani pl Masessolianiak a maskwa pl maskwaal bark of the paper
Soreller birch, Betula papyrifera
Masessoliantegw River Chambly, PQ maskwaijo pl maskwajoal birch bark
pail or container or vessel
masgilek a large one
maskwaikôn pl maskwaikônal a birch
masgilek odahôgan a large paddle
bark camp
masgwigwek a large thing
maskwaika a lot of birch bark
masgwigwek kikôn a large field
maskwaikisitigan pl
masidôzik one enlarges something maskwaikisitiganal thing made of
masitôzo it is enlarged birch bark

masito enlarge something; they enlarges maskwaimozi pl maskwaimoziak a

something white birch

masihômek one enlarges someone maskwainagazek a birch bark island

masiha enlarge someone; they enlarges maskwainoda pl maskwainodaal a

someone birch bark basket

mask pl maskal a vagina, female maskwaiolagw pl maskwaiolagol a

genitals birch bark canoe

maskôba pl maskôbak a woman chaser maskwaiwassanigan pl

maskwaiwassaniganal a birch bark
maska pl maskak a toad torch for night fish spearing
maskaadagen pl maskaadagenol toad maskwaiwigwaol pl
skin maskwaiwigwaolal a birch bark canoe
maskawlohômek one praises someone maskwaiwlôgan pl maskwaiwlôganal
maskawlohôzik one praises something a birch bark dish
maskawloha praise someone; they Maskwajagw East Greenwich, RI, the
praises someone toad marsh
maskejamôgwses pl maskwakamek one gathers bark
maskejamôgwsesak a bug maskwamosi pl maskwamosiak a birch
maskihlôgan small pox tree, a paper birch tree

174
maskwaolagw pl maskwaolagol birch matôbakihlômek one diminishes to the
bark water craft, canoe end, runs out, becomes extinct
maskwas pl maskwasal a piece of matôbakolagw pl matôbakolagol
birch bark frigate
maskwasimen pl maskwasimenal a Matôbalodniak People of Three-Rivers
pin cherry, Prunus pensylvania Matôbalodnik Three-Rivers
maskwasimenakwam pl Matôbalodnitegw River St-Maurice
maskwasimenakwamak a pin cherry
tree, Prunus pensylvania Matôban Dorchester Mass, Norfolk
CT, the landing place
maskwasis pl maskwasisal a small
paper birch tree matôbanek at the landing place

maskwenosa pl maskwenosak a matôbaozi a tumpline

muskellunge matôbaskiga grassy river mouth
maskwenosaôgamak at muskellunge matôbatolagw pl matôbatolagol war
lake canoe, warship, ocean liner
masozi pl masozial fiddlehead ferns matôbasamek one goes to the shore of
masozikwa the layer of paper birch lake or river from land or water
bark used for canoe making matôbi pl matôbial a tumpline for
massakwa pl massakwak a horse-fly, a carrying baggage; a yoke, collar for
deerfly, Tabanidae loads

mastahigamek one weeds, cleans out matôbigawôgan working of the

weeds with a tool tumpline

Mastegw Mystic River, Mass, great matôgama the end of the lake
tidal stream matôgamazek an outlet, where the end
matôba ashore, go to shore from the of the lake is
water; confluence matôgihla the moon finishes curving
matôbadenigamek one carries a pack matôkizos the moon is finished
over a portage
matôko at the foot of the hill; they ends
matôbagesin it runs out, comes to an living
end
matôlaozimek one is lean or thin
matôbagw war
matôlaozit pl matôlaozijik one who is
matôbahlômek one goes to the shore lean, thin
from land and from water
matôlawzikhômek one makes someone
matôbaiwi to the shore thinner
matôlawzowôgan leanness, thinness

175
matôdam they is finished getting, they matanaskiwi at the end, the finish,
can't live anymore finally; in extreme, extremely
matôwdi pl matôwdial end of a road matanaskosa it finishes, there is an end
mataôwdisek where the end of the road matanaskosaik that which is finished
is matatawa it finishes blooming
Matabesek Middletown, Conn. matatawaik what finishes flowering
Middlesex Co. known as Mattabesett
meaning the farthest or last part of town matawakamek one finishes using
something
Matacheset Abenaki name for the
Wampanoag, the Methodist Indians who Matawamkiak Mattawamkeag River,
the Pilgrims stole corn from in 1620 Maine, tributary of the Penobscot, those
farthest away, those at the last settlement
matagamigak at the end of the earth land
matahalômimek one is out of breath matawanesen the odor is gone
matahalômo they is out of breath matgwas pl matgwasak a rabbit, a
matakan finishing all there is, finishing hare, forked one
throwing matgwaswi wawôdak rabbit sense or
matakimôn end of the month, the intelligence
month ended Matgwaswabskak Mt. Philo,Vermont,
Matagizit Plymouth, Mass, all counting at rabbit rock
or reckoning matgwaswijôl pl matgwaswijôlak
matalokamek one finishes working rabbit nose, a type of moccasin toe
matanaski finally, at last matgwasiôwdi pl matgwasiôwdial
rabbit track
matanaskiôdôzik one exterminates
something matgwasinôgw it looks rabbit (an
exclamation of surprise)
matanaskialômek one exterminates
someone mathiwa oh my (an exclamation of
approval)
matanaskialtowôgan annihilation, the
ending of all matiyek it is the end of it
matanaskigek what is the end, it is the matkaak at the edge of the world
end of something matkada it is completely burned up, it
matanaskihlôk that which ended is finished burning
matanaskitbihlômek one comes to the matkalzimek one is worn out, broke
end of life financially
matanaskitbihlôt one who comes to matkam wear out something
her end, her life ends
176
matkamigapoda the end of the world,
the last world shaking mawi better
matkamigwa the world's ending
matkatôzik one finishes something,
mawia better
spends all of something
mawiaba should be better
matkato finish something, spend all of
something; they finishes something, mawiawôgan improvement, betterment
spends all of something mawidahômômek one favors someone,
matkazada it is burned up but not out prefers someone, thinks someone better
matkazazem they roasts something mawiwi better
matkazazimek one burns oneself mawizit one who is better
matkazazo they burns himself mawizo they is better
matkazazwôgan it is roasting mayl pl maylal a mile <Eng. Mile
matkikôn pl matkikônal end of the mazôn pl mazônal wild hemp, nettles,
field Apocyanum cannabinum or Heraclea
gigantea
matlômsen it blows away completely
mazônibakw pl mazônibakol nettle
matlan pl matlanal mattress <Fr.
leaf
matelas
mazôniya fiber from wild hemp
matnem they finishes taking something
Mazôntegw Mashentuck, Killingly
matnigan pl matniganal the end of a
Conn. Windham Co. wild hemp pond
portage
mazaôtkwenaômek abaziak one
matosao it ends, it is ended
prunes trees
Matsil Mathilda
mazalôpskw pl mazalôpskol clay
mattahômek one kills someone by
mazalôpskwiki pl mazalôpskwikial
striking
clay land
mattahôzik one cuts something down
mazalôpskwisen pl mazalôpskwisenal
mattahôzo it is all cut down or cut a clay stone made by the Manôgemasak
through
mazalôpskwolagwsis pl
mattaha kill, finish someone by mazalôpskwolagwsisal a clay canoe of
striking; they kills someone by striking the Manôgemasak
mattahigamek one finishes a job mazalôpskwasodi pl
mattegwa the end of a river, the mazalôpskwasodiak a clay pot
headwater mazaskenigamek one weeds a planted
mattolo finish building a boat or canoe field

177
mazasktahôzik one cleans weeds out of mdalasis a dime
something mdelmôgan pl mdelmôganak a
Mazipskoi pl Mazipskoiak a shoulder
Missisquoi Indian, a flint person mdep a head
Mazipskoik Missisquoi, Vermont, place mdepinawôgan a head-ache
where flint is found, flint place; present
day Vermont Abenaki community mdepinawôgan pl mdepinawôganal a
headache
Mazipskoiodana the Missisquoi Indian
village mdolka a stomach; a chest

Mazipskoisibo the Missisquoi River, mdon a mouth

flint river medas pl medasal a stocking, a sock, a
mazipskw pl mazipskol flint, chert, a legging
flint
Mazipskwebi Missisquoi Bay, flint medas- baby, youngest
water
mdôppikan pl mdôppikanal the chin
medasmelji pl medasmeljial a pinky,
mdala ten the little finger, the baby finger
mdala akwôbabit the tenth one medasmezid pl medasmezidal a pinky
mdala akwôbtak the tenth thing toe, the little toe, baby toe
mdala alagimgwak tenth, or tenthly
mdala kasômkwaki ten thousand medaw- (môtaw-) acceptable,
fine, good, passable
mdala kasômkwaki taba nônnatgwa
taba tôbawôz taba nis akwôbtak The
ten thousand five hundred and seventy medawagen pl medawagenol flag
second
medawakwam pl medawakwamak
mdala kasichebenôzik one tenth flagpole, mast, medicine pole
mdala kasichebenôzik iawichebat four Medawitegw the good flowing river,
tenths Mettawee River, VT
mdala kasigalanoo ten gallons medawigen it is good
mdala kasta 10 times medawihla pl medawihlak loon, magic
mdala kasta kchi-ngwedômkwaki ten bird, spiritual practitioner bird
million Medawihlowinno Loon Clan, a loon
mdala lowiak ten pounds person
mdala sansak ten cents medawinôgwat it looks fine

178
medawinôgwzo they looks alright, megesoibmapska eagle Rock
acceptable, well Megesoidolka Eagle's Breast, a point in
medawinnoibegotaigan pl Lake Champlain
medawinnoibegotaiganal a witches megesoipmegawôgan the eagle dance
broom, an abnormal growth of tree
branches megi pl megial a scab; the vocal sound
or call of an animal
medawinnowôgan glory
megigaasko they is a barker by nature
megiidegwa pl megiidegwal scabby
medawl- spirit power face
megikamek one barks
medawlinnôgan pl medawlinnôganal megilômek one barks at someone; one
spiritual practitioner’s power, the power warns someone by barking
of a spiritual practitioner; an instrument
of power megoakw pl megoakok swamp

medawlinno pl medawlinnoak a Megoakwôgamak Bog Lake,

spiritual practitioner, a person with Adirondacks, swampy lake
power megoakwimaahlakws pl
medawlinnoit one who is a spiritual megoakwimaahlakwsak swamp black
practitioner ash

medawlinnosis pl medawlinnosisak a megoakwoo there is a swamp

king bird, a little spiritual practitioner megoakwoik what is swampy, it is
medawlinnoskwa pl swampy
medawlinnoskwak a female spiritual megoakwtegw pl megoakwtegol
practitioner swamp river
medazôn the youngest child Megoam Maquam Bay, VT, it is
megejas pl megejasak rock bass swampy
megos pl megosak awl, a punch

megen- choose mejajedahôma they distrusts someone

megena choose someone mejej- internal

megenem choose something
megenigan pl megeniganal a chosen mejejaato swallow without chewing
thing mejejaawi swallow
megeso pl megesoak an eagle mejejakw pl mejejakol a soul, internal
substance
179
 meljas pl meljazak bufflehead duck;
mejes- last, final mitten; baseball mitt
meljasis pl meljasisak blue-winged
teal, a little mitten
mejessala the last, the remaining one
melji ta mzid the hand and the foot
mekôjowis pl mekôjowisak someone’s
small vein, capillary meloses pl melosesak very old man
melosesis pl melosesisak little old man
melô- smell memdala 10 every time, 10 each, or to
each
memdala kôsomkwaki 10,000 every
melôda smell; they smells something
time, 10,000 each, or to each
melôdam they smells something
memdala kasta 10 times every time; 10
melôma smell someone; they smells times each, or to each
someone
melôthiga smell, detect an odor
men- apart, discrete, distinct,
melôthigamek one smells, detects odor isolated, scattered, separate
melôthigan the nostrils, the smeller
meli pus menôôtakwa it is a group of separate
meliihla pus forms, runs branches, also of leaves or flowers
menabagabazen it rains a few drops

melisj- (malisj-) weep, cry menabakilômsen rain a few drops with

wind
menabazoak they are an isolated group
melisjômek one weeps
menabi be clustered in discrete units
melisjôt pl melisjôjik one who weeps
menadena scattered mountains
melisja weep, cry
Menadenek Mount Monadnock, VT,
melisjagha they makes someone a NH, at an exposed rock outcropping
mess, weep
menadenika many scattered mountains
melisjaltoak they weep
menagannoak travel together in a small
melisjawôgan weeping, crying group
Menahan Manhan River, Mass, island;
melj- hand Menan Island, Maine, an island
menahan pl menahanol island

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menahanakamigw a peninsula menonigatôgan pl menonigatôganal
implement to make something smooth
menahanika many islands
menonigen it is smooth
menahanis pl menahanisal little island
menonigit one who is smooth
menahanitan an island formed by the
current menonito make it smooth
menakika plant separately, spaced apart menonkamigzowôgan smoothness
menakikan a spaced out planting, a mesazeso pl mesazesoak white spruce,
scattered sowing Picea glauca
menakwiga it grows up to scattered mesenem they gets, finds, or procures
trees something
menasi drag along the ground
menasokw pl menasokol an isolated mesk- (mask-) find
cloud
menazokwat separate clouds, here and
meskôzik one finds something
there; spotty clouds
meskôzo it is found
menelômsen gusty wind, a gust of wind
meska find
meni separated, apart, discrete, distinct
meskada pl meskadak water lily root,
menibemahadeniga many scattered
Castolia odoratus and tuberosa
mountains
meskadaibakw pl meskadaibakol lily
menigen it is scattered, it grows up
pads
scattered
meskagôdakihla pl meskagôdakihlak
menipi eat selectively
a spruce grouse, black spruce bough bird
meniwi separated here and there
meskagôdagw pl meskagôdagol a
menoda pl menodaal bag, basket black spruce bough
menodanao village of scattered houses meskagw pl meskagok a coniferous
menodasis pl menodasisal little bag swamp or bog

menomen pl menomenal wild rice, meskam find something; they finds

separated berries something
meskamawômek one finds something
for someone
menon- smooth
meskamawa find something for
someone; they finds something for
menonibota rub something smooth someone

menonidôzik one smoothens something meskamzi find oneself

181
meskamzimek one finds something meznôzo they or it is gotten
much desired; one finds for oneself or mezna get; they gets someone
oneself
meznem get something; they gets
meskamzo they finds something much something
desired; they finds herself
meznek one who gets something
meskanagwômek one is ambitious,
always trying to find something mhaga pl mhagaal the body

meskanagwa be ambitious; they is mhlosessis pl mhlosessisak a little old

ambitious, always trying to find man
something mhlosses pl mhlossesak old man
meskawômek one finds someone michi eat
meskawa find someone; they finds michigan pl michiganal excrement,
someone feces
meskawidahômgwzi be very well michiganamakws pl
thought of, be esteemed michiganamakwsak rock bass, feces
meskawidahômgwzo they is very well fish
thought of, esteemed michimek one eats
meskawinôgwzi look fine, very well Michinikizos Eating Moon, August or
meskawinôgwzo they looks fine, very September
well micho they eats
mestakw a patch or wadding for a
muzzle loading musket (put on top of the
powder and ball) miga- fight, war

mez- find, get, obtain migakaipmegawôgan the fighting

dance
migakômômek one fights with
mezik- bottom, low someone
migakôma fight with someone; they
mezikwtal boiled corn fights with someone

mezikapoda it drags on the bottom migakôdimek people fight against each

other
mezikawa pl mezikawak merganser or
sheldrake, Merginae migakôdoak they fight against each
other
meznômek one gets someone
migaka fight, make war
meznôzik one gets something

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migakaigwalôm pl migakaigwalômal mijbo they or it contains something
a war club, a fighting club, miji eat something
migakaipmegômek one dances the war mijik what one eats
dance
mijit one who eats, the eater, they eats
migakaipmega dance the war dance;
they dances the war dance mijo they eats something

migakamek one fights mijowôgan pl mijowôganal food,

provisions, a meal
migakan fighting, making war
Mijowôgankas August or September,
migakat a fighter, one who fights the meal maker
migakawôgan a battle, fighting, the act
of fighting
mika- discover, find something
migakawinno pl migakawinnoak a
new
warrior, a fighting person
migwen pl migwenok a feather, a quill,
a pen mikaosa make a discovery; they makes
a discovery, walks into something new
migwenazolkwôn pl
migwenazolkwônal a headdress, a mikaosamek a discovery, one walks
feather hat into something new
mikawidahôzi get a new idea
mij- eat mikawidahôzimek one gets a new idea
mikawidahôzo they gets a new idea
mijôzik one eats something mikawimeska make a discovery
mijôzo it is eaten mikawintato they finds a new way to
do something
mikawskhigamek one finds something
mijb- load; contain new
mikinakw pl mikinakok a turtle shell;
mijbi contain, carry within The Water Boatman, a water bug shaped
like a turtle
mijbika load something; they loads
something Mikmôôdwa speak Mi'kmaq; they
speaks Mi'kmaq
mijbikamek one loads something; one
loads Mikmôs a Mi'kmaq Indian
mijbikan loading or filling something mikogaham discover something by
digging
mijbimek one contains something

183
mikogamimek one warns or reminds mikoskhiga research, discover
something new; they researches,
mikogamo they warns or reminds
discovers something new
mikogamowômek one warns someone
mikoskhigamek one researches,
of something
discovers something new
mikogamowa they warns someone of
mikoskhigan pl mikoskhiganal
something
research, investigation
mikogawômek one discovers someone
mikoskhigat an investigator, one who
by accident
discovers something new
mikogawa discover someone by
mikodôzik one experiences something
accident; they discovers someone by
new
accident
mikodam they experiences something
mikolawaplômek one reminds or
new
advises someone
mikodwôgan counseling, admonition
mikolawapla remind or advise
someone; they reminds or advises mikosdôzik one hears something new
someone mikosdam they hears something new
mikolawadwôgan a reminder, one who mikowa pl mikowak a squirrel
is reminding someone
mikowa papmidowit pl mikowak
mikolawamômek one reminds papmidowijik a flying squirrel
someone of something
mikowa makazawigit pl mikowak
mikolawama remind someone of makazawigijik a black squirrel
something; they reminds someone of
something mikowa makwigit pl mikowak
makwigijik a red squirrel
mikolawamit one who reminds me or
us of something mikowa wibgwigit pl mikowak
wibgwigijik a gray squirrel

mikom- advise
mikw- remember

mikomowômek one advises someone

mikwôbaimek one remembers
mikomowa advise someone; they
advises someone mikwôbao they remembers

mikomowas pl mikomowasak an mikwaldôzik one remembers

advisor something

mikomowat one who gives advice mikwalda remember

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mikwaldam remember something; they mildo give something; they gives
remembers something something
mikwaldamawa remember something mildowôgan act of giving something
for someone; they remembers something milgadaôbi see different kinds of things
for someone
milgadaôbimek one sees different
mikwaldamawômek one remembers kinds of things
something for someone
milgadaôbo they sees different kinds of
mikwaldiga they remembers, they finds things
something in thought
milgawakakhômek one uses someone
mikwaldigamek one remembers, finds in different ways
something in thought
milgawakakha use someone in
mikwaldigan pl migaldiganal a different ways; they uses something in
memory, a remembering different ways
mikwalma remember someone; they milgawakaktôzik one uses something
remembers someone in different ways
mikwalmômek one remembers milgawakakto use something in
someone different ways; they uses something in
different ways
mil- give; many, much; many milgetbaskozi observe many different
different things, kinds or ways things; they observes many different
things
milgetbaskozimek one observes many
milôan when you gives him or them
different things
milôakw when you all give him or them
milgi different kinds, different things
milômek one gives someone
milgigoak they are different kinds
milôt one who gives him or them
milgitôgwat it sounds in different ways,
milôhôdit when they give him or them versions of the story
mila give him something milessômek one gives one back to
milak they give him someone

milaligema have a runny nose milessa give her back to someone; they
gives him back to someone
milaloka work hard; they works hard
milessi give me back someone
milalokamek one works hard
milgwan one, those, or that which gives
mildôzik one gives something you something

185
milgwakw one or those who gives you minôbeskes pl minôbeskesak a curious
all person
mili give me minôbeski be curious, have a curious
nature
milian when you give me
minôbo pl minôboal jam, preserves,
miliak when you give us
sauce, berry juice
miliakw when youPL give me
minôboadak pl minôboadakil chicory,
milit when he or they gives me jam-colored blossom
milihidit when they give me minôbowigek pl minôbowikkil a
milkikan sowing several times violet flower, Violaceae

milkwabi sit in different places, change minôbowigen it is purple, violet

sitting places minônkanni travel back again
milkwabimek one sit in different minônkannimek one travels back again
places, changes sitting places
minônkanno they travels back again
milkwabo they sits in different places,
mina again, yet, still, more
changes sitting places
minagat pl minagatal a kernel of corn
millan when I give you something
minagwiba even if, though, although
millak when we give you
minaosa come again; they comes again
millakw when I or we give all of you
something minaosamek one comes again
miloga give to him in the past minasaosa go out again; they goes out
again
milok when I give him or them
minasaosamek one goes out again
Milwaiki Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the
giving or fertile land minawi again
milzi give self minawiga come back, return
milzimek one gives oneself something minawigi although, even if, in spite of
or someone minawigiba although, even if
milzo they gives herself something or minawigo they grows again
someone
minawitôzik one mends, makes
mimoda pl mimodaal a crop of a bird something again
minawitôzo it is done again
min- again; berry, fruit, seed minawito mend, make something again;
they mends, makes something new again
minawiwi over again
186
minawkabi sit again mishatman repairing by lacing
minawkabimek one sits again mishiga repair by patching; they repairs
by patching
minawkabo they sits again
mishigamek one repairs by patching
minit pl minitak a minute <Eng.
Minute mishigan pl mishiganal a patch
miniwi in a minute Missal Michael
minkôgan pl minkôganak, minkôganal mitôjmowôgan a tradition
a fruit, a vegetable, a berry mitegwakwam pl mitegwakwamal a
minonkan a few are hunting corncob
minot pl minotal a bushel (ô gallons) mitsimen pl mitsimenal cross piece in
<Fr. minot a canoe
minot taba pabasiwi a bushel and half
minotahômek one strikes someone miw- clear away, repel, banish
again
minotaha strike someone again; they
miwagimômek one clears off
strikes someone again
miwagima clear off; they clears off
minotaiga chew again; they chews
again miwassen a halo, an aura, a ring around
sun or moon
minotaigamek one chews again
miwialômek one banishes someone
minotamômek one chews a cud
miwiala banish someone; they banishes
minotama chew cud; they chews cud
someone
minowis pl minowisak a cat <Fr.
miwikadawômek one repels, pushes
Minou
someone away with their actions
minowisis pl minowisisak a kitten
miwikadawôt one who drives others
minowisisibs pl minowisisibsak a away
catbird
miwikadawa repel, push someone away
mins pl minsal a small berry by one's manner; they pushes someone
away by her actions

mish- repair by sewing miwnôzik one removes something

miwnôzo it is removed

misha repair by sewing, sew up; they miwnem remove something; they
repairs by sewing removes something

mishamek one repairs by sewing miwyalômek one exiles someone

187
miwyala exile someone; they exiles Mkazategw Black River, VT, black
someone river
mizwa pl mizwak dandruff mkazawasokwat dark clouds
mizwainamek one has leprosy mkazawatsigan pl mkazawatsiganal
copperas, a black dye
mizwaihlôt a leper
mkazawbaga pl mkazawbagaal black
mizwainawôgan leprosy
liquid, ink
mkaz pl mkazak nails, claws, talons
mkazawigjosis pl mkazawigjosisak a
black fly
mkaza- (makaza-) black mkazawigek what is black
mkazawigen it is black
mkaza pl mkazal charcoal, coal mkazawigso pl mkazawigsoak a black
mkazao ashes, it is charcoal, it has fly
become charcoal mkazawigit pl mkazawigijik one who
mkazaokazadôzik one burns something is black
black mkazawigo they is black
mkazaokazadôzo it is burned black mkazawihla become black
mkazaokazada burn black mkazawiki pl mkazawikial black soil
mkazaokazada burn something black; mkazawikwigwigem pl
they burns something black mkazawikwigwigemok a black duck
mkazaokazazimek one tans, is burned mkazawimaahlakws pl
black by the sun mkazawimaahlakwsak a black ash
mkazaokazazo tan; they is burned with black bark, or Fraxinus
black by the sun pennsylvanica

mkazaokazazit one who is blackened mkazawiossagakw pl

by sun or heat mkazawiossakkok black poplar,
Populus balsamifera
mkazaobagisibo pl mkazaobagisiboal
dark water river Mkazawisibo the Black River, VT

mkazaosa go or become black; they or

it goes black, becomes black mkw- (makw-) red
mkazaosamek someone one or
something goes black, becomes black
mkwôbamegwa reddish
mkazas pl mkazasak crow
Mkwabagw Quaboag River, Mass, red
mkazaswibakw pl mkazawibakol a pond
checkerberry, crow leaf
188
mkwapskwis pl mkwapskwisal a brick mkwigen it is red
mkwadawa pl mkwadawaal a red mkwigo they is red
blossom mkwihlômek one becomes red
mkwakaa red earth mkwihla become red; they or it
mkwakazazimek one tans or gets a becomes red
sunburn mkwihlas pl mkwihlasak a northern
mkwakazazo they sunburns, or tans cardinal
mkwaknetwôgan maple sugaring tool mkwimins pl mkwiminsak redstart,
also a scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea
mkwakbaga red water, maple syrup
mkwisaga it is a red room or enclosure
mkwamagw pl mkwamagok salmon,
red fish mkwisagso red cedar, it is red inside,
Juniperus virginiana
mkwapska it is red rock
mkwisagw a red room or enclosure
mkwapskw pl mkwapskol a red rock
Mkwitawa Mars, the red star
mkwassem pl mkwassemok red dog
mkwiwi when it is red, in a red manner
mkwatsem color something red
mlagwejial someone’s stomach,
mkwatsigan pl mkwatsiganal red dye
intestines
mkwejazôzik one roasts meat
mkwejaza roast meat; they roasts meat
mlik- (malik-, melik-) strong, stout
mkwejazadôzik one roasts something
mkwejazadôzo it is roasted
mlikôbida strong toothed; they has
mkwejazada roast strong teeth
mkwejazadam roast something; they mlikômka gamble strongly, hard, like
roasts something to gamble
mkwejazem roast meat on a stick; they mlikabizimek one sits tight, one
roasts meat on a stick strongly sits
mkwajazigan pl mkwajaziganal roast mlikabizo sit tight; they sits tight
meat, a meat roast seated, they strongly sits
mkwejazigan kaoziya roast-beef mlikakanni have hard travel
mkwibaga it is red liquid mlikalômotôzik one emphasizes
mkwibagw red liquid something
mkwibaka it is a red leaf mlikalômotôzo it is emphasized
mkwibakw pl mkwibakol a red leaf mlikalômoto emphasize something;
they emphasizes something
189
mlikaloka work hard; they works hard mlikilôbimek one looks hard for
something
mlikalokamek one works hard
mlikilôbo they looks hard for
mlikaskaden a hard frost
something
mlikenômek one holds someone tight,
mlikinibaodimek people have a big
squeezes or grips hard
wedding
mlikena hold someone tight, squeeze,
mlikinibaodin a big wedding
grip hard; they holds someone tight
mlikipmôdimek many people walk and
mlikhagômek one is a stout person, a
carry
strong bodied one,
mlikipmôdin many people walking and
mlikhaga be strong bodied; they is
carrying
strong bodied
mlikitôzi be made strong
mliki strong
mlikitôzik one strengthens something
mlikibia paddle hard; they paddles hard
mlikitôzimek one is made strong
mlikibiamek one paddles hard
mlikitôzo they is made strong;
mlikidahômdôzik one thinks
strengthen something
concentrates on something
mliksani be physically strong
mlikidahômdam concentrate on
something; they concentrates on mliksanimek one is physically strong
something mliksanit one who is strong
mlikidôzik one works strongly; one mliksano they is strong
causes much trouble
mliksanadôzik one forces something
mlikido work strongly; cause much
trouble; they works strongly; they causes mliksanadôzo it is forced
much trouble mliksanodo force something; they
mlikigek strong thing, what is strong forces something

mlikigen it is strong mlikigit sanôba a stout man

mlikigo they is strong mliksanwôgan strength

mlikigwôgan stoutness, strength

mlikihla one goes strongly, works with moh- eat someone
strength
mlikihla go strongly, work with mohômek one eats someone
strength; they goes strongly, works with
strength moha eat someone; they eats someone

mlikilôbi look hard for something

190
Mohagan pl Mohaganak Mahicans of molôjoan it is a deep current
Schaghticoke north of Albany; what molôkapodiga deepen, dig deeper,
been eaten, feces hollow out
Mdepsek Menahan Alburgh, Vermont, molôkpiwi deep in the woods
heads island
molôlka dig deep; they digs deep
molôlkamek one digs deep
mois- mold
Molômkas Molunkus River, Maine,
deep and rocky
moisihlômek one becomes moldy molôsa go deep
moisihla they or it becomes moldy molôwôgan pl molôwôganak deep
moiswôgan mold, act of becoming furrow
moldy molôwôgan pl molôwôganal a dish
moiswan it is moldy molôwôlagw pl molôwôlakok deep
hole
molô- deep molôwawaldam intelligent, knows a
lot, they knows deeply
molaôlkamek one or it collapses
molôôlagw pl molôôlagol a deep hole
Molian Montreal; at Montreal
molôdma deep water
Moliani pl Molianiak a Montrealer
molôdmak what is deep water
Moliantegw the St-Lawrence River
molôga a deep place
moljasis a green winged teal, Anas
molôgak a gully, that which is deep,
carolinensis
deep hole
mosagwa pl mosagwak wood worm
molôgek that which is deep
Mosalômo Mt. Moosalamoo, Vermont,
molôgen it is deep
calls like a moose
molôgkpiwi deep in the woods
mosatam he likes to eat
molôjagama deep soft-earth lake
mosatamwôgan gluttony of food
Molôjagamak Molechunkamunk Lake,
mosatamwinno pl mosatamwinnoak
Maine, deep, soft soil lake
glutton, person who likes to eat
molôjapkada it is deeply rooted
mosbas pl mosbasak mink
molôjapkw pl molôjapkol deep root
mosbasitlaps pl mosbasitlapsak mink
molôjma deep water trap
molôjoak where a deep current is mosibemi moose fat

191
 moskwazowiwazessa pl
moskwazowiwazessak muskrat house,
mosk- emerge
muskrat nest
Moskwazowinno Muskrat Clan,
moskaden ice floats to the top muskrat person
moskakan muskrat trapping mosmawa cut someone's hair
moskenem they makes something Mosom pl mosomak remote male
emerge ancestor; see toodam
moskit one who emerges Mosomis pl mosomisak remote male
moskitôgon it emerges in her, they ancestor; see toodam
inherits an ancestral trait moswa pl moswaal handkerchief
mosko they emerges mowômakw pl mowômakok edible
moskwagwa it floats to the surface fish

moskwalda get angry mowômek one eats someone

moskwaldam they is angry mowôt one who eats someone

moskwaldamwôgan anger mowa eat someone

Moskwas Musquash Lake, Maine, moz pl mozak moose

muskrat Mozowinno Moose clan, a moose
moskwas pl moskwazak muskrat or a person
Maliseet Indian mozôbi pl mozôbial bead, pl. beads or a
moskwasiponi set traps for muskrats necklace

moskwaswadiali hunt muskrats mozôbiaôzo it is beaded

moskwaswaskw pl moskwaswaskok mozôbiawôgan pl mozôbiawôganal

sweet flag, muskrat plant, Acorus beadwork
calamus mozôbis pl mozôbisal small trade bead
moskwaswawa pl moskwaswawak a Mozôdebinebesek Moosehead Lake,
muskrat skin Maine
moskwaswawa pl moskwaswawak Mozôdebiwajok Mt. Mansfield,
muskrat skin with fur Vermont, moosehead mountain
moskwat it turns cold after mild winter mozaden moose mountain
Moskwazemôdwa speak Maliseet mozagen pl mozagenol moose hide
moskwazoka hunt muskrats mozageniya moose hide material
moskwazolôgwastiga make muskrat mozagesen pl mozagesenal moose hide
broth moccasin

192
mozalhla pl mozalhlak cow moose mozmawôgan hair cutting
Mozalhlaki Mt. Moosilauke, New mozmawômek one cuts someone's hair
Hampshire, cow moose land mozmen pl mozmenal moose berry
mozaskan pl mozaskanak moose mozmezi pl mozmezial American
antler mountain ash, Sorbus americana, moose
bush
mozema- cut hair mozoka hunt moose
mozokan moose hunting
mozhaga pl mozhagal moose's body Mozokas March, the moose hunt maker
mozhalhagôt what is moose shaped mozolagw pl mozolagol moose hide
boat
mozibeskwan pl mozibeskwanal
moose's back mozowawa pl mozowawak moose skin
with fur
mozichi pl mozichial moose dropping,
moose scat mozwigwimkot one who uses a moose
calling horn
moziiya moose meat
mozijôl pl mozijôlal moose muzzle,
nose ms- (mas-) big, much, in
mozilalo pl mozilaloal dogtooth violet, abundance
Erythronium americanum; moose tongue
mozimen pl mozimenal moose berry, msôba pl msôbak large man
fruit of Viburnum alnifolium, also by
msôbagw pl msôbagol big body of
some the fruit of Sorbus americana
water, a big bay
moziokas pl moziokazak moose hoof
msôbao he is a large man
Moziozagan pl moziozaganal Camel's
msôdebaamalsi feel congested, have a
Hump Mountain, Vermont; literally a
head cold, feel big headed
moose shoulder cut of meat; said of the
mountain in reference to the Monster msôdowa talk loud
Moose’s shoulder being thrown to land msôdwamek kalozimek one talks loud
there by Kloskôba. see also
Kokkwibeskwanes, Tawabodiiwajo msôgama pl msôgamaal great lake

mozipiaso pl mozipiasoal moose hair msôgamazo it is a big lake

moziwejat pl moziwejadal moose msôgihla it gets big and round

sinew msôgwata there is deep snow
mozkwazi call like a moose msôlagwdon pl msôlagwdonal big
mozmôzik one cuts something's hair mouth

193
msôlagwdona they is big mouthed msalhiga shoot many arrows; they
shoots many arrows
msôlagwdonasin her mouth lies wide
open msalhigamek one shoots many arrows
msôlagw pl msôlagol big hole msali many, much
msaahwip pl msaahwipal a big pith msalipmothadin many people walking
msaahwipa it is a big pith msalihla it takes a lot, much is used
msaajosek great hill region msalijebat there are many kinds, it is of
many sorts
msadena big mountain
msalijebiwi in many ways
msadewaskaden ice is enlarging
msalikôdôt pl msalikôdôjik centipede,
msagigen it is big
many legged one
msahô they freezes
msalimachinak many die
msahaga pl msahagal pregnant, big
msalimiji eat a lot
body
msalinôbhôt put many on a string,
msahagaa they is pregnant
string something
msakikan big planting
msalipi eat a lot
msakokkwis big lump
msalipit big eater, one who eats a lot
msakwan pl msakwanal a big wooden
msaliponem put much, put much time
stake
in to a trip
msakwat a big stick
msalit it is much, it is many, it is a lot,
msakwiga forest of big trees there is a lot
msakwikôd pl msakwikôdal a big leg msalja big belly
msakwikôda they has a big leg msalkasko many herons
msalkikan sowing many, sowing a lot
msal- much, many msalmikenakw many turtles
msalok there are many of them
msalôbakzigamigol many tents msaloshanik they were many,
msalagan doing much numerous

msalalnôbak many Abenakis msalowiak be many, there are many of

them
msalek much, it is much
msaltahôt when one strikes to kill
msalemezo they makes herself bigger many
by thinking
msalto many

194
msaltol many things msegwikwek big thing
msaltoshanik those things were msegwikwi greatly
numerous, there were a lot of them msegwikwinôgwat it appears great
msanigw pl msanigok a big squirrel msegwikwinno pl msekwigwinnoak
msapskat pl msapskatol that which is a great person
big rock msegwikwsanwôgan great power
msapskw pl msapskol big rock msegwikwsanwôgan ta
msasen pl msasenal big stone medawinnowôgan great power and
glory
msasisigwa pl msasisigwak great
rattlesnake mselôbagilek a big family
msaskigo pl msaskigoal much grass
msaskika much grass msi- great, expand
msaskog pl msaskogak a boa
Msaskok pl Msaskokak The Great msibaka full grown leaves
Serpent
msidôzik make something greater,
msaskweda pl msaskwedaal big fire improve
msatagak coarse string or webbing msidema deep water
Msatawa Venus, big star; the evening msigwta pl msigwtal boiled corn
star
msiha make someone greater
msategw pl msategwak big river
msihômek one makes someone greater,
msategwes pl msategwesak person improve
from the big river
msikasi build a big house
Msatokwes big rump one, raccoon
msimkedonawimek one yawns
Msatokwinno Raccoon Clan, big rump
msimkedonawi they yawns
person
msinôgwat it appears great
msawakwôlozin pl msawakwôlozinak
big fort msinasa they takes a deep breath, sighs
or yawns
msazesko much mud
msinasawôgan a sigh, a deep breath
msazesso pl msazessoak white spruce,
Picea glauca msisasak they spread
msebaga big water msisisigwa pl msisisigwak a huge
rattlesnake
msedon pl msedonak chub fish, a big
mouth msitegwa pl msitegwaal a big river

195
Msitegwes pl Msitegwesak mskaw- (maskaw-) esteem, praise
Connecticut River Indian, a big river
person
mskawôdokôlgwzid reputable, he who
msito make something greater
is
msiwajo pl msiwajoak big mountain
mskawidahômgwat it is admired
msiwi greatly, largely
mskawidahômgwzo they is admired
msizwkw pl msizwkol the face; pl eyes
mskawloha praise someone or
something
msk- (mask-) grass
mski- dead, quiet, still
mska- (maska-) to the side, aside
mskikôjitta as much as possible
mskada pl mskadaal red water lily, mskiko pl mskikoal grass, a blade or
Nymphaea odorata rubra stem of grass
mskadaibakw pl mskadaibakol water mskikoôgama grassy lake
lily leaves, Nymphaea tuberosa mskikoal hay
mskadegwa forehead mskikoasolkwôn pl mskikoasolkwônal
mskak pl mskagak black spruce, Picea a grass-hat
mariana mskikoiasolkwôn pl
mskakw pl mskakok a swamp mskikoiasolkwônak a grass-hat
Mskakwtemos pl Mskakwtemosak mskikoigamigw a hay barn
Black Spruce Swamp person, a mskikoi-nimategwaigan pl mskikoi-
mythological swamp creature nimategwaiganal a hay-fork
mskask pl mskaskak red spruce, Picea mskikoika much grass, grassy
rubens
mskikoimin pl mskikoiminak a
mskaskôdakihla pl mskaskôdakihlak strawberry, a grass berry
spruce grouse, spruce branch bird
mskikoimins pl mskikoiminsak
mskaskôdakw pl mskaskôdakol strawberry, little grass berry
spruce bough
mskikois pl mskikoisal lawn grass or a
mskaskibego pl mskaskibegol spruce single strand of sweet grass; an herb, pl
gum herbs
mskaskigo pl mskaskigoal spruce mskikoika grassy
growth, a spruce land

196
mskikoiya grass material, herbal
material mt- exposed, in sight, in the open
Mskikok Muskeget Island, Mass,
grassy place
mtadôzik on exposes something to
mskikoka collect grass, gather hay,
something
collect herbs
mtanômek one exposes someone to
mskikokat one who gathers grass, a
something
hayer
mtawagen flag
Mskitegwa Lamoille River, Vermont,
still-water-river mtawakwam pl mtawakwamak
medicine pole, flagpole, mast, exposed
Mskitegw Schaghticoke Indian village
wood
in Stillwater, New York, still-water-river
mtokwabi sit in sight, in the open
mskoda pl mskodal meadow, prairie
mtosa go in the open, walk in the open
mskwajo pl mskwajoak birch bark pail
mtosawôgan going in the open, openly,
Mskwamagw Mascoma River and
exposed, nudity
Lake, NH, Squam Lake; a salmon
mskwamakok pl salmon
mza- freeze, frozen
mskwebages pl mskwebagesak red
maple, Acer rubrum
mskwebagesis pl mskwebagesisak mzatan frozen current, ice floating
silver maple Acer saccharinum Mzatanokas November, frozen current
msoakw pl msoakok dry dead tree or maker
wood Mzatanos November, frozen current
msoakwbagw pl msoakwbagol dry mzatawa ice flows in a river
wood pond
mzatonaskaden it freezes completely
msoakwbasin it is dry trees water
Msoakwtegw Saco River, Maine, dry
wood river mzen- (mezn-) get, catch
msosa they gets big, they goes big
msosahiga it gets bigger mzennômek one gets someone
msosaik one that gets bigger, it gets mzennôzik one gets something
bigger mzennôzo they or it is gotten
msosao it gets bigger mzenna get; they gets someone
msowakw decayed wood

197
mzennem get something; they gets nôbalha pl nôbalhak a male bird
something nôbalôbi pl nôbalôbial bridle
mzennek one who gets something nôbaloka do like, imitate
mzennoga if I get him/her/them nôbalokawôgan a facsimile, a fax
mzennogik when/that I get them machine, copy making
mzennok when/that I get her/him nôbamakwawômek one follows in
someone’s foot steps, takes after them
nôbamakwawit one who follows in my
mzi all
or our foot steps
nôbamagawa follow in ones foot steps,
mziwi all follow example
mziwik all of them nôbamakôzi copy, be like others
mziwi kasokamigzimek all nations nôbamakôzo they copies others
mziwitta really all nôbamiskw pl nôbamiskok male adult
beaver

nôb- like, similar; male; put nôbasas pl nôbasasak a hairy wood-

through pecker
nôbassem almos a male dog
nôbassem pl nôbassemok male bear or
nôbaôdwa imitate his speech
wolf
nôbaôdwagôôla they imitates
nôbhôzik one strings or threads
someone's voice
something
nôbaôdwagôzi imitate his voice
nôbha thread, put string through
nôbabi take the same place, replace, sit
nôbham string something; they strings
in as someone
something
nôbadahôma imitate someone, think
nôbhiga string a thread
like someone
nôbhigamek one strings a thread
nôbadaka imitate someone, act like
someone nôbhis pl nôbhisak nit, small louse
nôbahla pl nôbahlak a male fowl, nôbi like, similar, the same
cock, rooster nôbi kassi as much, as many
nôbahla sibs a male bird nôbi taôlawi as well as, in the same
nôbagigw pl nôbagigwak a male seal way as
nôbagigw wnegigw a male otter nôbiha make someone like

198
nôbiligen it is the same nôdôma go fishing
nôbiskwaôzik one hooks on to nôdômat fisherman, one who goes
something fishing
nôbitôzik what is made the same, a nôdônkohlam go to sell something
copy nôdadiali go hunting
nôbitôzo it is made the same, copied nôdaiyamihô go to pray
nôbita it is hooked or caught nôdaka go to throw
nôbitaham hook something, catch nôdakahlômek one goes ashore
something
nôdakahla land, go ashore
nôbitahigan ring and pin game, the
catching or hooking instrument nôdakan going to throw

nôbithigan pl nôbithiganal model, the nôdakita go count, go read

made like thing nôdamagwa go fish spearing
nôbithla make it to fit nôdami so much
nôbito copy, make something like nôdamilka go to smoke fish
nôbitoan one makes it the same, nôdaminôwat it is so much
copying, repeating
nôdasanoo they or it weakens, her
nôbittôzik one hooks, or hangs strength is going
something
nôdasiba go to dip water, go get water
nôbkawa substitute, replace someone, to drink or use
succeed
nôdawazi go warm self
nôbosa follow; they follows
nôdawikha go write something
nôbosamek one follows
nôdawizi go to gather, go berrying
nôbskwagesoak one beaver family
nôdhaba go get a drink
nôdkôkona go to reach someone
nôd- (nôji) be about to, going to,
nôdkaha go to dig something
in process
nôdkami surround someone
nôdkasi go to make camp
nôdôdawaanosa going to go to the
height of land nôdkawi go to sleep
nôdôdokôdam they goes to tell nôdkika go to plant, to sow
nôdôgawasozi go to the shade, go to the nôdkwa go chop wood
bathroom nôdkwabi go to sit

199
nôdodahi go visiting nôkskwasis pl nôkskwasisak a little
girl
nôdodahimek one goes visiting
nôlan akwôbabit a fifth one
nôdodahit visitor, one who visits
nôlan akwôbtak a fifth thing
nôdodakawa go to make a visit to
someone nôlan alagimgwak fifth, or fifthly
nôdodawi go to carry someone, nôlan, nonnoak, nonnenol five, five
something; go to visit ones, five things
nôdsabkwa go to put away something nônôkaiwi soon afterwards, in a
or cache something moment
nôdsesmi go to drink nônôkpoo fearing and trembling
nôdtahôt one who goes to strike or kill nônônkaw fifteen
someone nônabiwi very soon
nôdtaham they goes to cut something nônalawi everywhere
nôdtkasmi go to swim, go swimming nônaojiwi recently, not very long ago
nôdtkasmit swimmer, one who swims nônegôni very old
nônegôni very old, ancient
nôji (nôd-) going to do, about to, nônegôniôtloka tell an old story
in process of
nônegônia pl nônegôniak very old one
nônegôniaoo it is very old, he is very
nôjihôt professional maker of old
something
nônegôninôgwat it appears very old
nôjihlôakw they go to visit traps, check
traps nônegônsakw pl nônegônsakol very
old tree
nôjijewabi go to sell
nônegônsosa pl nônegônsosak old one,
nôjikw my step-father; my uncle very ancient people
nôjkaôbi go to watch out nônegemôwzi very easy living, a very
easy life
nôk- almost, soon to be nônegoniwi very long ago
nônegwejebiwi at one place

nôkaiwi soon afterwards nônegweji alone, sometimes, at one

time, once
nôkskwa pl nôkskwak a girl, a soon to
be woman nônegwejigadeki alak anniversary

200
nônegwejikadeki annually, once a year,
every year, yearly nôw- long ago, far away; middle
Nônegwidegilek Omnipotent
nônegwijihla fly by itself, they goes
nôwadia old thing
alone
nôwaga throw far
nôngwejigadegi annually
nôwagan throwing far
nôngwedsandaki weekly
nôwakwa mid-afternoon
nôngwiji absolute, alone
nôwakwelji pl nôwakweljial middle
Nôngwiji-Ntatôgw The Almighty
finger
nôngwijiwi alone
nôwakwzit pl nôwakwzital middle toe
Nôngwitegilek The Omnipotent
nôwalôdam he holds his breath
nônibeki every summer
nôwat long ago, far away, in the past
nôniziwi just two
nôwatoka great distance
nônkakiwi all day long
nôwhaga pl nôwhagaal waist, the
nônninska fifty middle of the body
nônodam they hears something nôwhiga shoot far
continually or repeatedly
nôwi far, long
nônozokawa they continues to follow
nôwibia paddle to the middle
someone
nôwigen it is far, long
nônsoji too bad, it is a pity, unfortunate
nôwijigidawôt leave her far behind
nônsojiatôzik one spoils something
nôwijoak where it is a long current
nôwijoan rapids, it is a long rapids
nôpko- encircle the neck
Nôwijoanek Newichwannock River,
NH, aka Salmon Fall River, meaning at
nôpkoan pl nôpkoanol a necktie, the long rapids
collar, necklace, scarf, (literally it Nôwiniben Summer Solstice, it is
encircles the neck) midsummer
nôpkosoan pl nôpkosoanal a scarf Nôwinibek Summer Solstice, when it is
nôsaskwao they hangs her head down midsummer
nôskawômek one attacks someone Nôwipebon Winter Solstice, it is
midwinter
nôskozit pl nôskozijik aggressor, one
who attacks Nôwipebok Winter Solstice, when it is
midwinter
201
nôwipôgwat it is shallow far out, nadôgw my brother-in-law, male
shallow in the middle speaker, my wife's brother, or my sisters
husband
nôwiponasi set traps over a long
trapline nadôgwes my cousin, my father's sister
or of my sister's brother
Nôwiponasik Winter Solstice; at the
long trapline nadôgwseskwa my cousin, male
speaker , daughter of my father's sister,
Nôwisigwan Spring Equinox, it is
or of my mother's brother
midspring
nadôgwsis my cousin, female speaker,
Nôwisigwak Spring Equinox, when it is
daughter of my father's sister, or of my
midspring
mother's brother
Nôwitagwôgo Fall Equinox, it is midfall
nadôwi formerly
Nôwitagwôgoik Fall Equinox, when it is
nada that one
midfall
nôwitbagak at midnight, when it is
midnight nadaw- scout around; rare
nôwitbagat it is midnight, midnight
nôwiwi at the middle; far nadawôwzowôgan scarcity, scouting
nôwkanni travel far around life

nôzenômek one touches someone nadawahôt one who scouts

nôzena touch it, touch someone nadawaha scout, spy

na that one nadawat one or what is rare

nadawi seldom, scarcely, rarely, hardly

nab- quick nadawiwi seldom, rarely

nadawsi be scarce, rare

nabôji hurry up
nabômawowdak one assumes, think nadial- hunt
correct quickly
nabôtokaswôgan telling a short nadiali hunt
story, a fast version nadialigwto use something for hunting
nabaka throw quickly nadialimek one hunts someone
nabakan throwing quickly nadialin they are hunting
nabi soon, shortly, straight away nadialit one who hunts
nabiwi soon, early nadialowôgan hunting, a hunt
202
nadialowaki pl nadialowakial hunting nadodmawômek one asks someone
ground nadodmawôt one who asks, they
nadialowi kawsowatigan hunter's sled questions
nadialowigamigw pl nadialowigamigol nadodmawa ask someone
hunter's camp nadodmokamek one questions
nadialwalhakw a hunting-knife someone
nadialwawômek one hunts in the nadodmokat the inquirer, one who
interest of someone inquires
nadialwawa hunt for someone, hunt in nadodmowôgan a question
the interest of someone nadodmôgoan one(s) who ask you
nadialwawat one who hunts for nadodmôgoakw one(s) who ask all of
someone else you
nadialwawit one who hunts in the nadodmawôan when you asks him or
interest of me or us them
nadialwawzo he hunts for himself nadodmawôakw when you all ask him
nadialwinno pl nadialwinnoak a or them
hunting person, a hunter nadodmawômek one asks someone
something
nadmi- loan, lend nadodmawôt one who asks him or
them
nadodmawôhôdit ones who ask humor
nadmihômek one lends to someone
them
something
nadodmawa they asks him or them
nadmihi loan me, let me have
something for a while nadodmawak they ask him or them
nadmihisi loan me for a little while nadodmawian when you ask me or us
nadmihodia lending, loaning one nadodmawiakw when all of you ask
another me or us
nadmiwamek one borrows something nadodmawit one who asks me or us
nadodmawihidit ones who ask me or
us
nadod- ask, query, question
nadodmok when ask him or them
nadodmolan when I ask you
nadodôzik one asks about something
nadodmolak when we ask you
nadodmakamek one asks
nadodmolakw when ask all of you
203
nadomômek ask for someone, inquire; nagwesahigan pl nagwesahiganal
one misses someone bottom stick of a deadfall trap
nadoma inquire or ask for someone nagwesahigan pl nagwesahiganal
kindling wood, the bottom instruments
nagwesita pl nagwesital sole of foot,
nagô- unanimous, all of a group
the under foot
nagwi under, beneath
naga and (in the past)
nagwiabakwôgan pl
nagajiômek awassak one tames wild nagwiabakwôganal ceiling, an under-
animals roof
nagajiômek sibssak one tames birds nagwiajoan underground current
nagwibakw sibs pl nagwibakw sibsak
nagak- sand, soil woodcock, under leaf bird
nagwibakwihlasis pl
nagwibakwihlasisak a small
nagakaazo land breaks off all at one woodcock, under leaves little bird
time and in one piece
nagwigôbotak what stands underneath
nagakahla land slides down a little at a
time nagwigwesihla crawl underneath

nagakapoda sand or land falls down, nagwigwesihlat one that crawls under
slides down nagwikwam under the ice
nagako sand nagwinelekwik pl nagwinelekwikil
nagakwimen pl nagakwimenal sand armpit, under the arm
berry, rye, Prunus depressa nagwiwi under
nagik those ones nagwiwi abonek under the bed
nagwtegômek one dances alone, a solo
nagw- under dance

nagwôtakihla pl nagwôtakihlak a slate nah- the current

colored junco, the under branches bird
nagwaka throw under nahôgamtok agile, nimble
nagwakwa under the trees nahômo pl nahômoak an eel, he goes
nagwelagwa under ice with the current

nagwelegwi armpit, under the arm

204
nahai- downstream nahiwi downstream
nahlômek one kills someone
nahaiadasi driving logs nahnôgelos hide and seek game
nahaiadaswibatos pl nahnipôssat the moon, the night walker
nahaiadazolagw pl nahaiadazolagol nahnisakwtak pl nahnisakwtakil a
log driving boat double-barreled gun
nahaiahlawôgan diarrhea, down
flowing nakaza- (nkaza-) switch off;
nahaiai pl nahaiaiak person from extinguish, put out
downstream
nahaibia paddle downstream
nakazahôzik one puts out a fire
nahaihla go downstream
nakazaha extinguish, they puts it out
nahaijoan downstream current, it flows
nakazahaigamek one switches
down
something off (like a television, a
nahaikanni travel downstream computer or a light switch); one works
nahailômsen it blows downstream to extinguish something (like a fire)

nahaiosi a little below or downstream nakazahaiga they turns something off

nahaiwi downstream nakazahiga extinguish

nahama pl nahamak wild turkey nakazahigan pl nakazahiganal a fire

extinguisher
nahamaôgama turkey lake
nahamaibakw pl nahamaibakol
yarrow, turkey leaf, Achillea millefolium
nahamaibizon pl nahamaibizonal nakihl- falling
yarrow, turkey medicine, Achillea
millefolium
nakihlôt sunset, it goes down; one who
nahani almost time falls
nahaosa walk downstream, go nakilhôt kisos sunset, the falling sun
downstream
nakihla fall, go down, they is falling
nahaosat one going downstream
nakihlika kill, they murders someone

nahas- get out of the way

nakwal- one is a series, the next

nahasi get
205
nakwaleji ring finger, next finger to the Namagôttegw Megantic, salmon trout
little finger river
nakwaltak it is next, the next one namagw pl namagok lake trout,
salmon trout
namas pl namasak fish
nakwh- sneeze
namassôbo fish chowder, fish soup
namasagen pl namasagenol fish skin
nakwhômek one sneezes
namasôlo pl namasôloal fishtail
nakwhômi sneeze
namasôwan pl namasôwanal fish egg
nakwhômimek one sneezes
namasa it is a fish
nakwhômowôgan sneezing
namasi be a fish
namasika there are many fish
nalaw- everywhere, all over, here
and there, this and that; strange, namasimôgwak pl namasimôgwakil
awkward what smells fishy
namasimôgwat pl namasimôgwatal it
smells fishy
nalawakosa they goes here and there
namasis pl namasisak minnow, shiner,
nalawaldowôgan wandering thoughts, small fish
considering here and there, everywhere
namasiya fish meat
nalawamtok awkward, an oaf
namaskôn pl namaskônal fish camp
Nalawgwakws Narraguagus River and
Bay, Maine, meaning irregular, awkward namaska they fishes

Nalawagosat Narraganset Indians, Namaskak Nemasket River, Mass,

Narraganset Bay, RI, one who goes or place of much fish, place of fishing
lands anywhere in reference to their namaskan working at fishing, the act of
raiding of other Indians fishing
nalawi everywhere, all over namaskat pl namaskajik fisherman,
nalawijoan an all over stream, a one who fishes
meandering flow namaski fish land
nalawiwi everywhere, all over Namaskik Amoskeag River valley,
nalawsibelô treat with different Maine, Namasket, now Middleborough,
medicine, treat with this and that Mass. at the fish land

nalawtaodin people fight here and there namaskikôn fish field

namasowihlôt one who becomes a fish

206
 nanôdgwiômek one blinds someone
nami- see, observe nanôdgwigo they is blind
nanôdgwihla they becomes blind; they
acts blindly, without awareness
namihômek one sees someone
nanôdgwinôgwzi appear blind, look
namiha they sees someone; see
blind
someone
nanôdgwitaha strike someone blind by
namihodimek people see one another
hitting
namihodwôgan they is seeing
nanôdgwiwi blindly
naimhok when I see someone, the one
nanôgigen it is light in weight
who I see
nanôgipozia when I shiver from the
namihozimek one sees one self
cold
namiigwzimek one is seen by others
nanôgipozimek one shivers from the
namitôzik one sees something cold
namitawômek one sees something for nanôgipozo they shivers from cold,
someone, one sees something of shiver
someone
nanôgipozowôgan shivering, cold fits
namithlômek one shows something
nanôgsesen it is light in weight
something
nanôgwidahôn they worries someone,
namithli show me
confuses someone
namithlit one who shows something to
nanôgwidahôzi be worried
me or us
namitlowamek to show someone
something nanôpal- careless, clumsy,
namito see something inattentive
namitwôgan sight, vision, seeing
nanôpaligo they is careless

nanôdgw- blind nanôwelji pl nanôweljial a palm,

middle of the hand
nanôwi the middle
nanôdgwzit one who is blind
nanôwiwi in the middle
nanôdgwzi be blind
nanôdgwzowôgan blindness
nana- awkward, incomplete,
nanôdgwzowinno pl poorly
nanôdgwzowinnoak a blind person
207
 nanamenigan pl nanameniganal
rocking chair, cradle, rocking by hand
nanaôdowat one who stutters
implement
nanabi very quick, fast, soon
nanameniganilintoôgan pl
nanabihla go quick nanameniganilintoôganal a lullaby, a
nanabinôgw quickness cradle song

nanabinôgwzo they appears quickly, nanamigejis pl nanamigejisak a

soon spotted sandpiper, little bobbing buttocks

nanabiwi very quickly, very soon nanamihlôt the one who is shaky

nanabkika plant fast, plant early nanamihla they or it becomes shaky

nanabosa walk fast, go quickly nanamkiapoda earthquake

nanabosawôgan action of walking nanamosa walk shakily

quickly, fast walking
nanadawiwi seldom nananhi- by chance,
unintentionally
nanakô- awkward, careless,
confused nananhi by chance, unintentionally
nananhigawôt one who came across
nanakôdtôgwzo they sounds confused, something by chance
talks for no reason nananhilit one who does something by
nanakôjigosa they is incompetent chance or luck

nanakôjinôgwzi appear helpless nanaosalewa guide, direct someone

nanapôji hurry up, get ready quickly

nanam- shake, sway, tremble, nanapalokan working fast

rock back and forth nanapenema they is quick motioned
nanapenokwa pl nanapenokwak quick
motioned or active woman
nanamakwbagw spongy shaky land
nanapetôga speak fast
nanamebaga rippling water
nanaskomowas pl nanaskomowazak
nanamenôzo they is rocked (as in a
an echo, a person who continues
cradle)
sounding
nanamena rock someone in a cradle or
nanatôwa mute, they is mute
swing
nanatamia the very first one
nanameniga they rocks as by hand

208
nanatasis pl nanatasisak a little nanawalmômek wawilômwak
hummingbird, little mute one beekeeping, someone taking care of bees
nanataso pl nanatasoak a nanawalmedimek people take care of
hummingbird, mute one one another
nanawalmezimek one takes care of one
self
nanawôb- be on the lookout,
stand watch, watch for nanawesnat deer or moose yard

nanawôbadak they looks after it nanazôw- disturbing, unsafe

nanawôbadam watch over, take care of
something nanazôwnôgwzit one who looks unsafe
nanawôbi watch, observe nanazôwtôgwat it sounds disturbing
nanawôbit watcher, one who watches nanazôwta it is in an unsafe position
nanawôboigamigw pl
nanawôboigamigok watching place
nanazaw- conserve, save
nanawôboikôn watching camp

nanazawi save, conserve

nanawal- care for, take care of

nani- common, ordinary; by

nanawaldôzik one takes care of chance
something
nanawalda keep, preserve
nanibeki every summer
nanawaldam preserving something
nanihlawôba pl nanihlawôbak
nanawaldiga work at keeping
common or vulgar fellow
something in general
nanihlawi common, ordinary, vulgar
nanawaldigat pl nanawaldigajik a
storekeeper nanikôthama they is an incapable
person, they is common
nanawalga take care of someone
nanipôsa stay out late, walk all night
nanawalgat a nurse, one who takes care
of people nanipôsat the moon, the all night
walker
nanawalma take care of someone
nanisakwtak pl nanisakwtakil double-
nanawalmômek one takes care of
barreled shotgun, has two sticks
someone
nankômkan group hunting
209
nanojiwi lately naosa chase, pursue following tracks
nanoskedak pl nanoskedakil storm naosama chase game, pursue game
window, the added one naosaminno pl naosaminnoak one
nanowa pl nanowaal cheek who chases game
naosan chasing down game
nansa- between naosat one who pursues game
naosawinno pl naosawinnoak person
who pursues game
Nansatekok Shetucket River, CT,
between the flow
Nanaswôlek Ashuelot River and Pond, naot- hither, to here, towards the
NH, at the hallow place between speaker
nansawbagok between the bays,
between ponds
naotaka throw here, throw to me
Nansawenaga Nashawena Island, the in
naotakweji swim here, swim towards
between island
me
nansawi between
naotiazo come in here
nansawiwi between
naotosa he walks here
nansawiwi tawzôganikok between the
naowihla come here, move hither
windows
napkin pl napkinal a napkin <Eng.
nansawtegwak when a river is between
Napkin
nanskazinôgw anguish, appear angry
nanskazinôgwzo they is very angry
nas- three; dress, put on an article
appearing
of clothing
nansopagak pl nansopagakil a clover,
what has three leaves
nantôwiasijigwam sew something nas, nloak, nhenol three, three of them,
together very competently three things

Nantekok Nantucket Island, Mass, in

between the waves nasa breathe
naoji some, part of a group

nasahadit those who breathe

noas- pursue game nasakwôbabit the third one
nasakwôbtak the third thing

210
nasalagimgwak third, or thirdly nasto put on an article of clothing
nasat one who breathes
nasawôgan act of breathing natam- first one in a series
nasawan breath
Nasijebikinawsit The Trinity natamabit one who sits first, first place
nasijebenôzik it is divided in three, natamatak the first one
one-third
natamelji pl natameljial first or index
nasijebenôzik nisijebat two thirds finger
naskôdahômegwat it appears endless, natami first of a series
appears impossible
natamigamigok first land; alluvial soil
naskôdahômswôgan endless
natamigamigw the first house; earth
naskômpamegwak what appears to
natamiwi the first time
continue as far as can be seen
natmihoden lending, loaning
naska- endless
naskabi eat endlessly without getting
full naton- cut cards
naskadekw pl naskadegol endless river
natonômek one cuts cards
naskwa- comb natona cut cards
natonawawôgan cutting cards
naskwahômek one combs someone nawa come here, come hither; then,
therefore, so, now
naskwaha comb, they combs someone
naskwahon pl naskwahonak a comb
nawad- rest, stop or pause in a
naskwahozi comb self
journey
naskwahozimek one combs self
naslômek one puts on someone
nawadôma stop to fish
naslômek one puts on someone
nawadadiali stop to hunt
nasla put on someone
nawadgôn where they stop to dance
naspôwzi live with someone
nawadgwôm stop to spend night,
nastôzik one puts on something overnight on the way
nastawômek one puts of something for nawadiassi stop for a while
someone

211
nawadosa stop on the way nawihla go back home; they goes back
home
nawadowa sing for an Indian dance, the
dance leader
nawadowat one who sings for a dance, nbask- drown, choke
they sings for the dance
nawadowawôgan singing for dancing
nbaskwkôzik one or it chokes out (by
nawadowawinno pl overgrowth), drowns out something
nawadowawinnoak dance singing
nbaskwakôzo it is choked, drown out
person, dance singer
nbaskwaka choke out, drown out
nawadsanda a holy day, a Sunday
pause nbaskwakam choke something (by
overgrowth), down something
nawaji stop, pause as for a smoke or a
rest nbaskwakamek one chokes, drowns
out
nawajiasi stop for a little while
nbaskejeba drown
nawajidahôma they distrusts someone,
pause in thought of someone nbaskejebaalômek one drowns
someone
nawajidahôzwôgan distrust
nbaskejebaala drown someone; they
nawajihla stop for awhile
drowns someone
nawajiwi a stopover place, a place short
nbaskejebaalit one who drowns me or
of destination
us
nawajiwigi stop to camp, stop
nbaskejebaalok one that I drown
overnight
nbaskejebawôgan drowning
nawakwa middle afternoon; return,
return home

nawaskw- bow head, bent head nbow- death

nawaskwabimek one sits with head nbowi death

bent nbowiponômek one puts someone to
nawaskwawito salute someone, bow to death
someone nbowiponôhôdit those who put
Nawawas God, the one who comes to someone to death
us nbowipona put someone to death; they
nawihlômek one goes back home puts someone to death

212
nbowipta It withered away nebijagoik what is muddy-wet, muddy
wet one
nbowôgan dead
nebioo they or it is wet
ndaki than, rather than, instead of
nebis pl nebisal a little water; a pond, a
Ndakinna Our land (the original
small water
homeland of the Abenaki)
nebiskat dew
ndakinnoga our old country, our former
land nebiskwikwsis pl nebiskwikwsisak a
kind of frog, the little pond whistler
n’dos my daughter
nebiwi in water
nebes pl nebesal a lake
nebizon mannalokaik a slow working
nebesichogeleskw pl
medicine
nebesichogeleskok a bobolink, a pond
blackbird Nebizonnebik Highgate Springs, VT, at
the medicine water
nebesika there are many lakes
nebizon pakitok chiligek mhaga an
nebesimis pl nebesimisal a very small
abstergent, a medicine that cleans a body
bog pond
wound
nebesis pl nebesisal a pond, little lake
nebizon pl nebizonal a medicine
nebi pl nebial water, liquid, sap
nebizonôbo pl nebizonôboal medicine
nebihôzik to moisten something water
nebiibôb pl nebiibôbak teakettle nebizonbi pl nebizonbial mineral water
nebiikwatsis pl nebiikwatsisak little Nebizonbik Saratoga Springs, NY, at
water cup the mineral spring
nebiioik the wet one, one who is wet nebizonhowômek one cures someone
nebiioimek one is wet with medicine

nebiiskat dew nebizonhowa cure someone with

medicine; they cures someone with
nebiiskihla there is dew, dew falls medicine
nebiiskok pl nebiiskokak water snake nebizoninoda pl nebizoninodaal a
nebiiskok pskwazawôn pl nebiiskok medicine bag
pskwazawônal water snake flower, nebizonis pl nebizonisal a small
Scutellaria galericulata medicine
nebiiwajabkol pl nebiiwajabkwigok nebizonka they collects medicines or
water roots, Iris prismatica they makes medicine
nebiizida be wet footed; they has wet nebizonkikôn pl nebizonkikônal
feet medicine field, a garden

213
nebizonnebi pl nebizonnebial negônsakw pl negônsakok an old tree
medicine water, a mineral spring negônsosak the ancestors
Nebizonnebis Alburg Springs, Vermont,
little medicine spring
negem- easy, with little effort

negôn- old
negemôwzi live easily, find it easy to
live
negônôjmowôgan pl negemôwzimek one lives easily
negônôjmowôganal an old story
negemezi be easy to approach
negôni old
negemi easy
negôni wigwôm pl negôni wigwômal
an old house negemi waginaik that which is easily
broken, breakable
negôniôdwa speak an ancient language;
they speaks an ancient language negemkannimek one travels easily

negôniôdwamek one speaks an ancient negenôgan pl negenôganak a length of

language vertical cuts in sides of canoe

negônia someone or someone old negwanapozin drumming (as by a

partridge)
negôniaoo they is old, it is old
negwechanda a week
negônigamigw pl negônigamigol an
old house
negônikokw pl negônikokwak an old negwed- one
kettle
negônimaksa pl negônimaksaal an old negwedôba the only son
blanket
negwedôbamgwzi be the greatest one
negônimakwbagak old wine
negwedôigana two yards, one double
negôninôgwat it looks old arm span
negôninôgwzo they appears old negwedômkipoda an hour; one o'clock
negôniwi formerly, in the past, of old negwedômkwagzoak an animal
negôniwlômawaldamwôgan pl species, they are of one family
negôniwlômawaldamwôganal an old negwedômkwaki one thousand
belief, superstition, an old imagination
negwdaadena the one mountain, the
negônkamigwzowôgan be of an old, or mountain alone
ancient nature; ancient character,
antiquity negwdaadenaazo they is a mountain
alone
214
negwdaalakwsoo they is the only star negwedôzômgwat a league
negwednemôssimek one monopolizes negwedôzômgwat tmeskwiwi a square
league
negwdagômek pl negwidagômekil a
one-man dance negwedoskwa the only daughter
negwdakwenôzo one yard, one arm negwedsanda one week, one Sunday
span
negwdakwiadôgan one inch, one negwej- one
thumb joint
negwdakwnôzo one yard
negweji one
negwdalakws be the only star
negwejigaden one year
negwdamalkin one stepping or treading
as on one step of a stairway or path negwejijebesoak a pair, they are one
divided unit
negwdatgwa one hundred
negwejijebesoak tlapak a pack of cards
negwdatgwa taba pazekw one hundred
and one negwejijebi one place, part, side
negwdawighôzit pl negwdawikhôzijik negwejijebiwi in one part, in one place
the ace playing card, the one alone in the negwejikaden one year
picture
negwejikadenewaiwi during one year,
negwedegawitawômek one winks at during every year
someone
negwejikamigwzo one family, it is one
negwedegawitawa they winks at house
someone, wink
negwejikamigwzoak they are one
negwedegwa a wink, one eye household, one family
negwedegwawimek one winks negwejipedina one armed; they is one
negwedgalanoo a gallon armed
negwedkamigwa one family negwejipia one foot in measurement
negwedkamigwzo a tribe, a family, one negwejipia taba pabasiwi a foot and a
part, they is one household half
negwedkamigwzowôgan a tribe, a negwejitkwigwan one pound, one
family, a household weight
negwedkassinok one pack (of
something like cards) negwich- by self, alone
negwedkwatoo a quart, a quarter of a
gallon
negwichi by self, alone
215
negwichigen it grows alone neskahôdoit one who acts nosily,
makes a disturbance
negwichihozimek one makes oneself
neskahôdoo they acts noisily, makes a
negwichihozo they makes herself
disturbance
negwichin be alone
neskakwika a deep dark forest
negwichinimek one stays alone
neskalokamek one spoils, works
negwichinit one who stays or lives disturbingly
alone
neskamegwzimek one acts
negwichino they stays alone destructively
negwichiwi alone
negwethôdoimek one acts alone nskaz- angry
negwethôdoo a loner, they acts alone
negwetosamek one goes alone neskazidahôzimek angry thinking,
negwettôgwzi soliloquize, they speaks ones thoughts are clouded by anger
of herself alone neskazidahôzo her thoughts are
negwettôgwzimek one soliloquizes clouded by anger
neskazidahôzwôgan an angry thought,
a bad idea
nehnis- match, mate
neskazidegwôt an angry face
neskazidegwa they has an angry face, a
nehnishlômek one mates, becomes two mean look
joined
neskazigwôgan anger
nehnishla they mates
neskazilawamek one feels angry,
nehnishlôhôdit those who mate quarrelsome
nehnistôzik one matches things neskaziwi angrily
nehnistôzo matches things; they neskazinôgwzi look disagreeable
matches things
neskazinôgwzo they looks disagreeable
nemô there
neskazkamigzowôgan destructiveness,
angry behavior
nesk- disagreeable, disturbing, neskaztasimek one is angry because
troublesome, unpleasant they fall
neskaztaso they is angry they fell
neskahôdoimek one acts noisily, makes neskejagôwdisen it is a muddy road
a disturbance
neskejaga it is dirty, mucky
216
neskejagak what is mucky, dirty with Nhlowôgan the Holy Trinity
moist mud nhlowiwi a group of three living ones
neskejagigen it is dirty, muddy ni and, then, there, which, so, and
neskejagzi be muddy, wet and dirty ni adoji then (in time)
nesketôgwzi talk unpleasantly ni alach amen, let it be so
nesketôgwzo they talks unpleasantly ni nawa therefore, then
neskijigwalagwzimek one snores ni wji that is why
noisily
nia I, me, mine
neskinôgwzi look bad, unkempt, poor
nialinibena a year ago last summer
neskinôgwzo they looks bed, poor,
unkempt nialipebona a year ago last winter

neskipisaga a thicket, thick bushes nialisigwana a year ago last spring

neskitôgwat it sounds unpleasant nialitagwôgwa a year ago last fall

neskoawai msizekw an evil eye niatta myself

neskokwazimek one calls noisily, barks

troublesomely nibô- night
nhanesnôsik pl nhanesnôsikil the
trigger of a gun
nibôadialimek one hunts at night
nhenol three things
nibôalokamek one works at night
nibôiwi at night, in the night
nhl- kill
Nibôiyamihômek Christmas, night
praying
nhlômek one kills someone nibômo pl nibômoak a lamprey, a night
nhlôt a killer, one who kills someone eater, Lampetra fluviatilis

nhla kill someone; they kills someone Nibômowinno Eel Clan, lamprey person

nhlegon it kills him or them nibônadialimek one hunts at night

nhlika make a killing, commit murder nibôsamek one walks at night

nhlikawôgan a murder, a homicide

nhlikawinno pl nihlikawinnoak a niba- marry, join together, union
murderer
nhlikik that which is fatal nibaimek one gets married
nhloak three ones nibait one who gets married

217
nibanwôgan a partnership, a union nibimenakwam pl nibimenakwamak
a cranberry bush,Viburnum opulus
nibao they gets married
nibizi pl nibizial my switch ( for hitting
nibaowelji the wedding finger
someone)
nibaowipmegawôgan the wedding
nichakaso pl nichakasoak my sister
dance
(term only used by females)
nibawôgan a marriage, matrimony
nichemis my brother or my sister
nibawôgan matôbagezin divorce, a younger than I
marriage goes to shore
nidôba pl nidôbak my friend
nibawi wlitowôgan the marriage vows,
nidôbasis pl nidôbasisak my little
a marriage proclamation, making a
friend
marriage
nidôbaskwa pl nidôbaskwak my
nibawiljahon pl nibawiljahonal a
girlfriend, my female friend
wedding ring
nidôbso my sister (when the speaker is
male; my brother, when the speaker is
nibe- summer female - my sibling of the opposite sex)
nida that, those, there
nibega next summer nidali there, that place
nibek in summer, when it is summer nidazo pl nidazoak a domestic animal,
niben summer, it is summer a pet or farm animal

nibena last summer nidazowigamigw a domestic animal

house
nibenaki pl nibenakiak summer land,
the south; a summer person nidokôzik one follows something

nibenamimek one spends the summer nidokam they follows something

nibenamit one summers somewhere, nidokan my older brother, the one I

one who spends the summer, when one follow
spends the summer nigô grandmother, old one
nibenbada summer water, warm water nigawes my mother
from summer warmth
nikeskôgw have a nightmare or
nibenigisgat a summer day frightening dream; they has a nightmare
nibeniskok pl nibeniskokak woolly nikeskôgwôgan pl nikeskôgwôganal a
bear, caterpillar, a summer worm nightmare
nibeniwi in summer nikeskôwamek one has a nightmare
nibimen pl nibimenal a cranberry, high nikeskôwaa when I have nightmare
bush cranberry, Viburnum opulus
218
nikeskôwak they have a nightmare nihlôji by self, automatic, naturally
nihlôji ntôtowôgan natural talent,
aptitude
nigidaw- divided, forked
nihlôji wawiswôgan self learning about
things
Nigidawôgamak Blue Mountain Lake,
nihlôji wlimôgwak aroma, that which
in the Adirondacks, at the forked lake
naturally smells good
nigidawabimek one straddle sits, fork-
nihlôjiwi automatically, by itself, by
sits (as on a horse)
herself, naturally
nigidawagwzi be forked
nijia my brother
nigidawagwzimek one is forked
nigidawahômak a point between a river
nikôn- ahead, in front
junction, a forks point
nigidawakwam pl nigidawakwamak
forked stick such as a camp pole or a nikônôdebôt the boss, one who is the
kettle pole first head
nigidawbagw pl nigidawbagol forked nikônôjmimek one prophesizes, one
lake tells ahead of time
nigidawigek that which is forked nikônôjmit a prophet
nigidawtegwa the fork or junction of nikônôjmo they prophesizes, they tells
two rivers ahead of time
nigidawtegwihla the river spreads out nikônôjmowôgan a prophecy, telling
or forks ahead of time
nigijibohômek one’s hair or fur stands nikônôjemowôgan tlapsikok a
on end horoscope, a prophecy from cards
nigijiboha her hair stand on end nikônômahla run ahead
nigik those ones nikônabimek one sits first
nigikda those distant ones nikônabit one who sits first, the first
one at a place
nihi that one of someone, or those ones
of someone, someone’s person or people nikônakamek one throws ahead
(living ones, such as animals, trees, etc..) nikôni ahead, in advance
nikônigôbimek one stands ahead, is
nihlô- by self, automatically, first of a group
naturally nikônigôbit one who stands first, the
head of a group

219
nikônigôbi they stands first, is the head nikônwawizimek one is clairvoyant,
of a group knows in advance
nikôniinto sing first; they sings first nikônwawizit a clairvoyant, one who
knows in advance
nikôniintomek one sings the lead,
niki that’s it
nikôniintowôgan lead singing
Nikola Nicholas
nikônimazakwhiganômek one clears
the land ahead with fire
nikônipaiôt one who comes first nikwôb- now
nikônipaia they comes, arrives first
nikôniwi ahead, in front, before nikwôbakka at this time next year
nikônkôgoak pl nikônkôgoakik the nikwôbi now, at this time
ancestors, the ones who come ahead
nikwôbi wji hereafter, henceforth, from
nikônkamek one works ahead; one now on
paddles in the front of a canoe
nilem my sister-in-law, male speaker,
nikônka race ahead; they works ahead; my brother's wife, my wife's sister
they paddles in the front of a canoe
nilil those things
nikônkannimek one travels ahead, goes
nimategwa they hooks and picks up
first
something
nikônkat one who paddles in front of
nimategwahigan pl nimategwahiganal
canoe, the bow paddler
a fork, an instrument for hooking and
nikônkawômek one is in front of picking up
something; one is the head of something
nimkwabimek one sits with knees
nikônkawa be head of something; they spread apart
is in front; they is the head of something
nimmowôgan a carried lunch
nikônkoswôgan one who goes ahead
nimmowaninoda pl nimmowaninodaal
nikônosa go ahead; they goes ahead a pack basket; a lunch bag,
nikônosamek one goes ahead, walks Nimmowanis a Missisquoi Indian, a
ahead pack basket person
nikônosawôgan walking ahead
nikôntak the thing ahead, the front one nimsk- get, fetch, go for
Nikôntegw Contoocook River, NH; a
branch of the St. Francis River, first
nimskôzik one fetches something
branch
nimska fetch, get, go for; they fetches

220
nimskam fetch something; they fetches nipskihômek one desecrates someone
something or something
nimskamawômek one fetches nipskimôt one who blasphemes or
something for someone speaks with contempt against someone
nimskamawa fetch something for nipskidwôgan blasphemy
someone; they fetches something for nipskimô blaspheme against someone;
someone they blasphemes or speaks with
nimskamawit one who fetches contempt against someone
something for me or us nipsketdonkawôgan pl
nimskawômek one fetches someone nipsketdonkawôganal blasphemes,
curse words, works against God
nimskawa fetch someone; they fetches
someone
nimskwedawahigan pl nis two
nimskwedawahiganal a fire getting
instrument
nis akwôbabit the second one
niona us, we (not including the persons
spoken to) nis akwôbtak the second thing
niona nigawesna na that is our mother nis, nisoak, nisnol two, two of them,
two things
nionatta ourselves (not including
persons spoken to) nisôbôta two parallel fences
nisôbagwal two lakes
nipska- profanity; blasphemy, nisôdokazoak two talking together
contempt nisômkipoda two hours, two o'clock
and two
nipskalokaik nihilism, rejection of nisônkaw twelve
religion, making blasphemy
nisadegwa two hundred
nipsketdonkat one who speaks
nisadialimek when two hunt
blasphemies
nisadialoak two hunt
nipsketdonkahadit those who
blaspheme nisakwiatôgan two inches, two knuckle
lengths
nipsetdonkawôgan blasphemies
nisalabit the second one
nipskihô desecrate, defile, profane; they
defiles, desecrates or profanes someone nisalagimgwak second, or secondly
or something sacred nisalokamek people work two together
nisapskw double or twin rocks
221
nisatgwa two hundred nisinska alagimgwak twentieth, or
twentiethly
nisbagta two waters
nisinto two sing, two are singing
nisdôwizit the second living person
nisintomek one sings with someone
nisda twice
nisipia two feet in distance
Nisda alokan Tuesday
nisitto put two things together touching
nisda pkawiwi double
nisittobagol two bays or lakes touching
nisda sanda two weeks
or close together
nisdspenôzik two quarters, bisection
nisiwi two together, both
nises pl nisesak deuce in playing cards
nisiwitta really both
nisesin two sleep together
niskwabimek one sits with someone
nisi two, both
niskwabo they sits with someone
nisigôbimek one stands with someone
nisnol two things
nisigôdaiwi with two legs, on two legs
nisokôdômek one walks on two legs
nisigaden two years
nisokôdôt one who walks on two legs, a
nisigadenowaiwi for two years biped, a two legged one
nisigadma be two years old nisokôda walks on two legs; they walks
nisibôdwa speak two languages; they on two legs
speaks two languages nisogômek a two person dance
nisijbôdwamek one is bilingual nisogwenagat it is two days, two days
nisijbôdwawôgan bilingual, double have passed, two days ago
language nisogwenakkiwik after two days
nisijibaadoo there are two different nisogweniwi for two days, during two
parts days
nisijibat one who is of two kinds nisoiganak two and a half fathoms,
nisijibigen it is of two parts or kinds equal to distance from fingertips of
spread arms
nisijibigit one who is of two kinds
nisoka two are working or doing
nisimôji two leave something
nisimôjimek when two leave nisokamek when two do something,
nisinska twenty working as two
nisinska akwôbabit the twentieth one nisotal those are two things
nisinska akwôbtak the twentieth thing Niswa Nashua River, NH and Mass.
Meaning two in reference to the two
222
branches called the north and south nkagômahlômek one runs all day
branches nkagômahlôt one who runs all day, an
niswabit the second living one all-day runner
Niswak Lancaster, Mass, two of them nkagômahla run all day; they runs all
day
niswiak my spouse
nkagôwalômek one carries a load all
niswiakw your spouse
day
niswihidit a spouse (husband or wife)
nkagôwalat one who carries a load all
niswihidiji his wife or her husband day
nkagôwala carry a load all day; they
nitam- first in a series carries a load all day
nkagaloka work all day; they works all
day
nitamabit the first one
nkagalokamek one works all day
nitamagimgwak the first thing
nkagi all day
nitamatak the first thing
nkagiwi doing something all day
nitami first in a series
Nitamipôntegw Vergennes, VT, the
first falls nkaji- accustomed to
ni tojiwi then
nitta right then, immediately, right nkajiôwzimek one is accustomed to
there, suddenly, at once; exactly that, something, used to living a certain way
just that, the same nkajiôwzo they is accustomed to
something, they is used to it

niwask- divine spirit nkajialoka they is accustomed to the

work
nkajialokamek one is accustomed to
Niwaskôwôgan pl Niwaskôwôganak work, used to a job
Deity
nkajinôwadwôgan an acquaintance
niwaskw mijowôgan spirit food
niwaskw pl niwaskok a spirit
nkam- out of sight
niwattak therefore; wherefore

nkamabi sit out of sight

nkag- all day
nkamabimek one sits out of sight

223
nkamabo they sits out of sight nodôbaktahigat a musician
nkamosa go out of sight; they goes out nodôbenosa go not far down, fall less
of sight nodôgwak what is heard
nkamosamek one goes out of sight nodôgwat it is heard
nodôgwzimek one is heard
nkawa- hope nodôgwzo they is heard
nodôgwzowôgan a sound
nkawachi hope nodôgwkwat pl nodôgwkwajik a cook
nkawachimek one hopes nodôiwi less
nkawachit one who hopes nodôjiphowat a carter; carman
nkawacho they hopes nodômat fisherman
nkawachowi hopefully nodômawôgan short of something, in
nkawachowimek one is hopeful need
nkawachowôgan hope nodômkat pl nodômkajik a gambler
nkawachowômômek one is hopeful for nodônkohlôt pl nodônkohlôjik a
someone merchant, a salesman
nkawachowôma hope for someone; nodônkohlôt nebizonal a drug store, an
they is hopeful for someone apothecary, where one sells medicines
n’mahom my grand father nodônkohlôt nebizonal a pharmacist, a
medicine merchant
n’messis my older sister
nodônkohlahigamigw pl
n’mitôgwes my father
nodônkohlahigamigol a store, a shop,
n’namôn my son merchant's house
Noa Wbatosem Noa's Arch nodôtlokat a storyteller
nodôzo they is heard
nod- hear; denoting a profession nodaama they is short of something
or trade nodaami be deficient, in need, lacking
nodaasano he is lacking in strength,
nodô- less; be in short supply, be weak, less strong
short of, deficient, lack nodabônkat a baker, the breadmaker
nodabskenigat a mason, stone worker,
nodôba lacking water, not quite full stone layer
nodôbagenigat one who braids
224
nodadegwaigat a sewer of moccasin nodasolkwônkat a hate maker
tongues nodatbit a chef
nodagakigamit a teacher, the one who nodatbokôt a cook
teaches
nodatbokwat a cook
nodakisôwat a tailor
nodatsigat pl nodatsigajik a dyer, a
nodahlôk pagakan anemia, one lacks tanner
blood
nodawa hear someone
nodahla become missing, lack
nodawighigat a notary, one who writes
nodahlagokaigamigw a forge
nodawit one that hears me or us
nodahlakokat blacksmith, one who
works iron nodazoonigat a trader, fur trader, horse
trader
nodakissôwat a tailor, one who makes
clothes nodbaadigat a washer, the one who
washes
nodaksimek one sails
nodenômek one serves
nodaksit pl nodaksijik a sailor, one
who sails, a seaman nodena serve, wait on someone

nodakso they sails nodenagat a servant, server, altar boy

nodala hear someone nodesawat the gnawer

nodalokawgoakw one who is your nodhabat a seller of liquor

minister nodjagenigat a clay worker
nodam they hears nodjaghigat a plasterer
nodamagwôgan pl nodamagwôganak nodkahigat a hoer
a fish spear
nodkazôwat a ploughman
nodamagwôt a spear fisherman
nodkezenigat a shoemaker, a moccasin
nodamagwa they spears fish maker
nodamagwas pl nodamagwasak a nodkikat a farmer
mink, a person who catches fish
nodkwaak pl notkwaakik a pilot
nodamaloka they is occupied or busy
nodkwahakwiotahôgan pl
working
nodkwahakwiotahôganal a steersman's
nodamkwônkat pl nodamkwônkajik paddle
spoon maker
nodkwahit a logger
nodanôgwat it appears less than it is
nodtahôzit a butcher
nodansat pl nodansadjik a waiter
nodtahasit a miller
nodapskaigat a stone-cutter
225
nodtolit a canoe maker noji mskikokat a haymaker
noji nebizonhowat a physician
noj- small or weak; denoting a noji nkazahigat a fireman
profession or trade noji pakhiminat a thresher
noji pakholit a drummer
nojôgwadigamigw pl noji pakzikat a box maker
nojôgwadigamigol hospital
noji papawijokat a tin smith
nojôgwahigamigw pl
nojôgwahigamigol hospital noji paskhiganikat a gun-smith

nojôgwat pl nojôgwajik a surgeon noji pkagaolwat a ferrymen

nojôwat pl nojôwajik one that cuts noji platôwit lawyer

nojbaabi sit on a small space noji pokoskwawat a breaker

noji ônkawôjemit an interpreter noji ponsad a driver

noji ônkawiwitak a translator noji pskwasawônkat a florist

noji abazenodakat a basket maker noji sôglitigat a registrar

noji abaznodakat a basket-maker noji saôbagenigat a beggar

noji alnalhakwawighigat a printer noji sezowigat a painter

noji aseswôbikat a harness-maker noji tôbigat a bowmaker

noji chigetowawwat a barber noji takwakwtigat a judge

noji kadôbidaphowat a dentist. noji tassakwabonkat a chairmaker

noji kamegwit a diver noji tawipodigat a tablemaker

noji kawakwnigat a reaper noji tbaikisosôganikat a watch-maker

noji kelahiganigat a deadfall trapmaker noji tbakwnigat a land surveyor

noji kepakwait one who pounds ash for noji tbelodmowinno an advocate, a
basket splints; a splint pounder barrister

noji kigawat a healer, a curer noji wizôwimônikat a gold-smith

noji kinamazit a fortuneteller nojigedait a professional jumper

noji ktolagwikat a boat builder nojigwônsa a sewer, tailor, seamstress

noji môjagnôt sibsa a bird-breeder nojigwônsaskwa a seamster

noji môniat a treasurer nojigwônsat a tailor

noji mônikat a jeweler nojikaôbit a sentinel

nojikkat a joiner
226
nojiksôwat a sawyer nokadema lace it loose; they soft-
weaves a snowshoe
nojimônikat a silversmith, a jeweler
nokagen soft leather
nojinamaskat a fisherman
nokagenezen pl nokagenezenal a soft
nojintôgw a singer
leather shoe
nojipelowat a doctor
nokagitôzik one softens something
nojmada it is weak, loose
nokagitôzo it is softened
nojmamalsowôgan feeling weak
nokakezen pl nokakezenal a soft shoe
nojmiganômek one is weak legged
nokagipodiga work soft, make soft by
nojmigana they is weak legged working; they works it soft
nojmigen it is weak nokagipodigamek one works
nojmigi be weak something soft, makes something soft by
working
nojokôzik one touches something
nokamagw pl nokamagok a cod, the
nojokôzo it is touched soft fish
nojokam touch something; they touches nokamakwamika there is much
something softwood
nojokamawômek one touches nokapodiga soften ground with a
something of or for someone harrow
nojokamawa they touches something nokapodigamek one softens the ground
of or for someone with a harrow
nojokawômek one touches someone nokapodigan pl nokapodiganal a
nojokawa touch someone; they touches harrow
something nokapodigawôgan act of harrowing
nokem my aunt, my father's sister
nok- soft, loose nokemes my grandmother
nokemis my aunt, my mother's sister
nokôliagzit what is soft snow nokhigan pl nokhiganal flour
nokôliagzo they is soft snow noki soft
nokabidôzik one ties something loosely nokibohômek one has soft hair
nokabido tie something loosely; they nokiboha they has soft hair
ties something loosely
nokidahônômek one calms someone by
nokapskw pl nokapskol a soft stone speech, one causes someone to think
softly

227
nokidahôna they calms someone down nokwodosiw a woman’s niece
nokidahôzimek one thinks softly, is nokwtaha pound to soften
peaceful, good-natured nokwtahiga pound to soften
nokidahôzit a peaceful person, good- nokwtahigamek one pounds to soften
natured one, one who thinks softly
nokwtahigan pl nokwtahiganal a
nokidahôzo they is good natured, pounder, softening instrument
thinks softly
nokwtôzik one softens or loosens
nokigek what is soft something by beating
nokigek abazi soft wood nokwta loose, beat to soften
nokigen it is soft nokwtam they beats something to
nokigit one who is soft soften or loosen it
nokigit apkwasimon a soft pillow
nokigo they is soft nol- weak, soft
nokihlômek someone or something
becomes soft
nolhamômek one becomes weak
nokihla get soft; they or it gets soft
nolhama become weak; they becomes
nokilawadwôgan soft feeling, property weak
of feeling soft
nolhiga weak, exhausted; they is weak,
nokilawamômek one softens or exhausted
tenderizes someone
nolhigamek one is weak, exhausted
nokilawama soften someone; they
nolidahôzimek one is weak minded
softens someone
nolidahôzo they is weak minded
nokiwi softly
nolidahôzwôgan confusion, weak
nokkaa it is soft land
mindedness
Nokkategw Naugatuck River, soft
Nolijoak Norridgewock, Maine, at the
ground river
weak current place
nokkahiga work at softening land, hoe;
noliwi nine
they softens the land, they hoes
noliwi kasta nine times
nokkahigamek one works at softening
land, one hoes nolkôlo pl nolkôloal a deer tail
nokkahigan pl nokkahiganal a hoe nolka pl nolkak a deer
Nokkahigas June, The Hoer nolkaôdep pl nolkaôdepal a deer head
nokwjaga it is soft mud nolkaagen nolkaagenol a deer hide

228
nolkaakezen pl nolkaakezenal a nolmakanto hum, sing softly, make
deerskin moccasin weak singing
nolkaichi pl nolkaichial deer dropping, nolmakantomek one hums, sings
deer scat softly, makes weak singing
nolkaimôgwzo they smells like a deer nolmakwlaazimek one flashes weakly
nolkaimazesakwa pl nolmakwlaazo heat lightning, it flashes
nolkaimazesakwak a deerfly weakly
nolkaimenakwam a deerberry bush, nolmalômimek one hums something to
Vaccinium stamineum someone
nolkaiwios deer meat nolmalômo they hums to someone
nolkaiwin deer bone marrow nolmaldôzik one is uncertain, thinks
weakly, is uncertain or doubts something
nolkaiya deer meat
nolmaldam be uncertain about
nolkaka hunt deer; they hunts deer
something; they thinks weakly, is
nolkakamek one hunt deer uncertain or doubts something
nolkakan deer hunting nolmalmômek one is uncertain about
nolkat a deer hunter someone, doubts them

nolkamigzowôgan softness of character nolmalma be uncertain about someone;

they is uncertain about someone
nolkapiaso pl nolkapiasoal deer hair
nolmalmit one who is uncertain about
nolkasem pl nolkasemok a deer me or us
hunting dog
nolmalmegwak hypothetical, that
nolkawawa pl nolkawawal a deer skin which is considered uncertain
with fur
nolmasiplônebizon pl
nolmasiplônebizonal an experimental
nolm- mild, soft, weak medicine, an uncertain acting medicine
nolmasiplowa attempt to treat, cure
without medicine, an uncertain cure
nolmôbi see barely
nolmasokwat partly cloudy, it is
nolmôbimek one can see barely, is
weakly cloudy
nearly blind
nolmegwzimek one is drowsy; one
nolmôbo they can barely see
weakly dreams
nolmabda mildly warm air, lukewarm
nolmegwzo they is drowsy; they
water
weakly dreams
nolmagada it burns weakly (said when
nolmegwzowôgan drowsiness; a weak
a fire is dying)
dreaming
229
nolmelômsen soft breeze nononis pl nononisak aunt, mother's
sister or father's brother's wife;
nolmi weak, weakly
stepmother
nolmibia paddle softly; they paddles
nonos pl nonosak a nipple, a teat
softly
nolmibiamek one paddles softly
nolmigek what is weak, it is weak, soft nopa- far
nolmijoan it is a weak current
nolmipazôbimek one sees weakly nopabi sit far away

nolmipazôbo they sees weakly, has bad nopabimek one sits far away
eyes nopabo they sits far away
nolmitôgwat it sounds weakly nopadahômômek one thinks someone
nolmiwi weakly, doubtfully is far away

nolsanimek one is weak, has little nopadahôma they thinks someone is

strength far away

nolsano they is weak, has little strength nopaiwi far away

nolta it is loose (said of a knot) nopaosamek one goes scouting, goes

on the warpath
nopaosat a scout, a warrior, the far
non- suck, nurse walker, one who scouts
nopaosa walk far, go to war; they is on
noni nurse a baby, suckle the war trail

nonimek one nurses a baby nopaosawôgan a war, going to war

nonnônkaw kasta 15 times nopaosawinno pl nopaosawinnoak a

scout, a warrior
nonninska fifty
nopasa go far
nono they nurses
nopasamek one walks far
nonoda suck something
nopadôzik one puts something farther
nonodam they sucks on something in some direction
nonohlômek one suckles someone nopado put something farther in some
nonohlôt one who suckles him direction; they puts something farther
away
nonohla suckle or nurse someone; they
nurses someone
nonon mother nosa nurse an infant; they nurses
nononga mother deceased an infant
230
 noskiwi in addition, moreover
nosaw- alongside, near, parallel noskiwihlômek one nicknames
someone, gives someone an additional
name
nosawôbakw pl nosawôbakol a
noskiwihlôn pl noskiwihlônal a
parallel lake
nickname, it is a nickname
nosawôgan lactation
noskiwihla nickname someone; they
nosawôplômek one track down gives someone an additional name
someone
nosawôpla they tracks someone down
nosko- by surprise, surprising
nosawôptasimek one follows tracks
nosawôptasit a tracker, one who
noskophômek one catches someone by
follows tracks
surprise, startles, ambushes
nosawôptaso they follows tracks
nosawikhôzi be striped vertically
noskopha catch someone by surprise,
nosawikhôzimek one is striped startle, ambush; they catches someone
vertically by surprise, startles, ambushes
nosawikhôzo they is vertically striped noskotahômek one ambushes, attacks,
nosawiwi alongside hits someone by surprise

nosawtegwanigan a carry that follows noskotaha ambush, attack, hit someone

alongside the river by surprise; they ambushes, attacks, hits
someone by surprise
noses my grandson, my grand daughter
noskozimek one surprises, ambushes,
startles
nosk- additional, in addition noskozo they surprises, ambushes or
startles
noskaka raise a bet in cards; they raises
the bet noskwa- lick, lap up
noskakamek one raises the bet
noskikebitahlôk pl noskikebitahlôkil a noskwadôzik one licks something
storm door, the added on shut one
noskwada lick something; they licks
noskitôzik one adds something something
noskitaka pile up, add on top noskwalawôgan act of licking
noskito add something; they adds noskwalawômek one licks someone
something
231
noskwalawa lick someone; they licks nospôgihla turn up, become high up;
someone they turns up, becomes up high
nospabi sit high up, be high up
nosok- follow nospabimek one sits high up, is high up
nospabo they sits up high, is high up
nosokôzik one follows something nospadena it is a high mountain
nosoka follow; they follows nospadenaazi it is a high mountain
nosokak what follows something nospakaa make it (land) higher, hill up
nosokam they follows something nospagaak where the land rises up
nosokamawômek one follows nospagahiga make land higher, hilling
something for someone up; they makes the land higher, hills up
nosokamawa follow something for nospagahigamek ones makes the land
someone; they follows something for higher, hills up
someone nospebaga water is high, high water
nosokawômek one follows someone nospenzimek one holds oneself high up
nosokawôt a follower, one he who nospenzo they holds herself high, has a
follows someone high back, possible origin of azban for
nosokawa follow someone; they raccoon
follows someone Nospetegw Aspetuck River, CT, high up
nosokosasko they likes to follow, they river
is a follower by nature nospi high
nosokozi follow nospidahômzimek one thinks oneself
nosokozimek one follows after high or great
nosomômek one calls someone back nospidahômzo they thinks self high or
great
nosoma call someone back; they calls
someone back nospigek the high thing
nosowôgan pl nosowôganak a female nospigen it is high
breast nospigit high up living one, one who is
high up
nosp- high up nospigo they is high up
nospiniga pick up traps; they picks up
traps
nospôgihlômek one turns up, becomes
high up nospinigamek one picks up traps

232
nospinigan act of lifting traps at the end
of the season nsôamalsi feel danger, fear
nospitema high water nsôamalsimek one feels danger, fear
nospiwi high nsôamalso they feels danger, fear
nospiwihlômek one goes up in the air nsôbôn pl nsôbônal corn soup
nospiwihla go up in the air; they goes nsômkwaki three thousand
up in the air
nsômkwaki taba nis three thousand
and two
npagad- deceive nsônôgwat it appears dangerous, it is
dangerous
npakadôzik one cheats something nsônôgwzimek one appears dangerous
npakadôwôgan act of deceiving nsônôgwzo they looks dangerous
npakadôwadwôgan cheating nsônskwagezoak three generations of a
beaver family
npakada deceive, cheat; they cheats at
something nsôzin it is dangerous
npakadawômek one cheats or deceives nsôzwinno a dangerous person
someone
npakadawa cheat or deceive someone; nsa- careful
they cheats or deceives someone
npakadawinnoimek one is a cheater
nsakwakw pl nsakwakok a knife
npakadawinnoit a cheater, one who is
a cheater nsatgwa three hundred

npakadawinnoo they is a cheater nsatôzik one is careful of something

npakadasimek one deceives, defrauds nsato be careful, take care, be prudent;

they is careful of something
npakadaso they deceives, defrauds
npakadaswôgan deceit, deception,
cheating, a farce nsaw- between
npakadaswinno pl npakadaswinnoak
a trickster, a cheat, a fraud, a deceiver nsawi between
nsawiwi between
ns- three Nsedaalokan Wednesday, three times it
works, third work day

nsô- danger, dangerous nsem my daughter-in-law

233
nsibaka three leaves
nsijibôdwa speak three languages; they ntôw- (natôw-) expert, capable,
speaks three languages competent
nsijibôdwamek one speaks three
languages, is trilingual
ntôtok dexterous
nsijebaadoo it is three different parts,
ntôwa pl ntôwaak a fluent speaker
there are three different parts
ntôwat one who is eloquent
nsobaga three lakes or bays
ntôwabaznodaka they is an expert
nsogwenaka three days past, three days
basketmaker
ago
ntôwabaznodakamek one is an expert
nsogwenakat for three days
basketmaker
nsogwenakkiwik after three days
ntôwabaznodakat an expert
nsogweniwi in three days time, for three basketmaker, one who is an expert
days basketmaker
nsogwenosa they goes three days, it ntôwadaka they is a capable performer,
takes three days a competent worker
ntôwadakamek one is a capable
nsp- with performer, a competent worker
ntôwadgwahiga they does good
beadwork
nspôbdalôzik one laughs with with
something, laughs at something ntôwadgwahigamek one does good
beadwork
nspôbdalem laugh with something,
laugh at something ntôwadgwahigat a good beadworker,
one who does good beadwork
nspôbdalemômek one laughs with
someone ntôwadialimek one is a good hunter

nspôbdalema laugh with someone; they ntôwadialit one who is a good hunter
laughs with someone ntôwadialo they is a good hunter
nspakikamek one plants something ntôwagan good speaking
together with something else
ntôwaka throw well; they throws well
nspi with
ntôwakamek one throws well
nspiniga carry with someone; they
ntôwagizôwa they is a good carver
carries with someone
ntôwagizôwamek one is a good carver
nspinigamek one carries with someone
ntôwakwiji swim well
nspiwi with

234
ntôwakwijimek one swims well ntôwipla be patient; they is patient
ntôwakwijo they swims well ntôwiplamek one is patient, good at
waiting, good at taking one's time
ntôwalômi call expertly
ntôwkika plant well; they plants
ntôwalômimek one calls expertly
expertly
ntôwalômo they calls expertly
ntôwkikamek one sows well
ntôwawaka they is expert in using
ntôwkikan expert planting
something
ntôwnamena judge someone well
ntôwawakamek one is expert in using
something ntôwtôgwzimek one is an expert
speaker
ntôwawikhiga mark, write, or draw
well; they marks, writes, or draws well ntôwtôgwzit a fluent speaker, one who
is an expert speaker
ntôwawikhigamek one marks, writes,
or draws well ntôwtôgwzo they is a good speaker
ntôwtahômek one is a good killer ntôwtôzik one is capable of doing
something
ntôwtahôt a good killer
ntôwto be capable, able to do
ntôwtaha be a good killer; they is a
something well; they is capable at doing
good killer
something
natôwiômek one makes something well
natôwia make something well; they
makes something well ntami first of a series
ntôwigwakwahômimek one calls
expertly (an expert at imitating animal ntami alnôbait older, first man
calls)
ntamitbesit ktolakok admiral, first one
ntôwigwakwahôma they is an expert of the ship
caller
ntôwihômek make, create someone
ntat- faculty, ability
well, well-made
ntôwiha make, create someone well,
shape them well; they makes, creates ntatôgw they is skillful
someone well, makes them well-made ntatimek one is skillful
ntôwikimskazimek one stalks well ntato they is skillful
ntôwikimskazo they stalks well ntatwôgan faculty, ability
ntôwinto they sings well ntatwinno artisan, a skillful person
ntôwintomek one sings well

235
nto- (nito-) accept oda- visit

ntogi I am accepted odabôgan pl odabôganak a toboggan

ntogo they is accepted odahôgan pl odahôganak a paddle
ntogwak acceptable odakôzik one visits something
ntonôt mziwi awanihi one who accepts odaka visit
every one odakawômek one visits someone
ntonômek one accepts someone odakawôt visit him
ntona accept someone or something; odakawi visit me
they accepts someone or something
odakawit they visits me or us
ntonamwôgan acceptance
ntonigan accepted thing; adopted
person odald- be sorry about, regret

ntop- catch odaldôzik one regrets, feels sorry about

something
odaldam they regrets, they is sorry
ntophômek one catches someone about something
ntopha catch someone; they catches odaldaminôgw regretful, it appears
someone regrettable
ntoptôzik one catches something odaldamwôgan pl odaldamwôganak a
ntopto catch something; they catches regret
something
nzasis my uncle, my mother’s brother odam- tobacco
nzegwes my mother-in-law
nzihlos my father-in-law odamô pl odamôk tobacco
odamôôbamegwa it is brown, tobacco
O colored
odamôôbamegwak thing that is brown,
the brown thing
odônmoda let’s take a drink,
odamôôbamegwat it is brown
kadaodônman? what do you want to
drink? odamôôbamegwzit one that is brown,
the brown one

236
odamôôbamegwzo they is brown Odanak at the village; name of present
day Saint Francis Abenaki community in
odamôgan pl odamôganak a pipe for
Quebec
smoking, also a dragonfly
odanasis pl odanasisal a little village
odamôganakwam pl
odamôganakwamak pipe stem odanasis wsiginôgwak a shanty town
odamôganapskw pl odamôganapskok odaok behind, at the back, last in line
pipestone odaskan her oar
odamôganipemegaôgan pipe dance, odassiozina they frequents the company
Calumet Dance of someone
odamôganis pl odamôganisak Indian odawagan visiting
pipe; a little pipe, Monotropa uniflora
odenahlawi nevertheless, nonetheless
odamôganisen pl odamôganisenal
pipestone Ogistin Augustus

odamôilinôgan pl odamôilinôganal a okemessa her grandmother

pipestem okemeswô their grandmother
odamôinoda pl odamôinodaak okwa pl okwak a maggot, a grub on a
tobacco pouch hide
odamômek one smokes okwait it is maggoty
odamôs a little tobacco, some tobacco okwaoo maggoty
odamôt one who smokes, a smoker okwaskwô simply, merely, only, just
odamôwôgan act of smoking olokas pl olagasal a rawhide string
odamôwilokabizoan a tobacco olokasis pl olokasisal fine rawhide
container string or babiche
odama smoke; they smokes olokask the interior lacing of snowshoe
odamhadimek they smoke together toe and heel with fine gut string

odana pl odanaal town, village,

settlement onem- get into trouble, lead
odanaazimek one makes a village astray, seduce
odanaazinô they form a village
odanaazo they makes a village onemaldôzik one is led astray by
something
odanaisibo pl odanaisiboal the river a
village is on onemalda be led astray
onemaldam be led astray by something;
they is led astray by something

237
onemihômek one leads someone astray oswipitkôzon pl oswipitkôzonal a fur
coat
onemihôt one who astray, a seducer, a
deceiver Otôwô pl Otôwôwak an Ottawa Indian
onemiha lead someone astray, seduce, ozemôganes pl osemôganesak a
get into trouble soldier; the jack playing card
ozemôganesoimek one is a soldier
oniga carry, portage ozemôganesoo they is a soldier

onigan pl oniganal a carry or portage P

onigantegw pl onigantegok portage
river
pôbôna a spiritual practitioner's drum
onigas pl onigazak a carrier, portager
pôbagw pl pôbagol a pond, bay, basin,
onihômek one controls someone bog
oniha control someone; they controls pôbagwinno pl pôbagwinnoak a pond
someone person, a bay person
onihit one who controls me or us pôbatama pray <Fr. Bapteme
ospai hide and seek game, <Eng. I Spy pôbatamaodimek when people pray for
Ostiwin pl Ostiwinak The Sacred Host, each other
The Eucharist <Fr. Hostie Pôbatamaodin All Saints Day, praying
time

osw- fur, hairy pôbatamaodoak they pray for each

other
pôbatamawômek one prays for
oswadagen pl oswadagenol, someone
oswadagenok a skin with hair on; a fur,
pelt pôbatamawa pray for someone; they
prays for someone
oswakwa pl oswakwak a furry
caterpillar pôbatamawawômek one prays for
something for someone (an in health)
oswigask pl oswigask a fur cap
pôbatamawawa pray for something for
oswigimek one is hairy, furry, clothed someone; they prays for something for
in fur someone
oswigo they is hairy, furry, clothed in pôbatamawawit one who prays for me
fur or us
oswikôdak a hairy leg Pôbatamwôgan Religion, the prayer

238
pôbatamwinno pl pôbatamwinnoak a pôgwimôniyoo solid silver
religious person, a praying person pôgwipimek one eats only one thing
(commonly a Christian)
pôgwipo eat only one thing; they eats
only one thing at a time
pôb- thoroughly, throughout pôgwkika plant only one kind of seed;
they sows only one kind of seed
pôbemiham grease something pôgwkikamek one sows only one kind
repeatedly of seed
pôbmi all about, throughout, wherever
pôdabitawimek one sits on the left side pôj- left side or direction, on the
left side
pôgan pl pôganal a pipe for smoking

pôjia the left side, left hand, the left

pôgw- real, genuine, only, pure,
direction
unmixed; shallow
pôjimek be on the left, one is on the left
side
pôgwa pure; shallow
pôjit one who is on the left side, one to
pôgwas the moon the left
pôgwasek where it is moonlight, when pôjiwi act on the left, doing something
it is moonlight, in the moonlight the left side, on the left side; left hand,
pôgwasem moon shine, a night with a left handed action
shining moon pôjo left; they is on the left
pôgwasen there is moonlight, it is
moonlight
pôk- (pak-) bump, strike
pôgwaso the moon shines
pôgwat it is shallow
pôkjôlazimek one bumps their nose
pôgwategw pl pôgwategol shallow
pôkjôlazo they bumps her nose
river
pôktahômek one beats someone
pôgwawagw pure meat without bone
pôktaha beat someone; they beats
pôgwazo it is very shallow
someone
pôgwi pure, unmixed, genuine, only
pôgwigek that which is pure
pôl- proud, vain
pôgwigen it is pure, unmixed
pôgwigit one who is pure, genuine
239
pôlôba be proud, have pride pônpôgwat water level goes down,
water becomes shallow
palôbaimek one is proud
pôp pl pôpal a pump <Eng. pump or Fr.
palôbao they is proud
Pompe
pôlôbaidahôzimek one thinks oneself
pôpagwasiwi all over, all around, here
proud, is vain
and there
pôlôbaidahôzo they considers herself
pôpahami much more; the most
proud, they is vain
pôpahamiwi much more; the most
pôlôbaidahôzwôgan pride
pôpaliwi other places, elsewhere
pôlôbaisibs pl pôlôbaisibsak peacock,
the proud bird pôpapahami very much more, too
much, especially; once, formerly, as one
pôlôbawôgan pride
was
pôladaka show off; they shows off
pôpaskôdebatahiga repeatedly break
pôladakamek one shows off, acts like a heads by striking; they repeatedly breaks
show-off heads by striking
pôladakat a show-off; one who shows pôpaskôdebatahigamek one repeatedly
off breaks heads by striking
pôladakawôgan showing off pôpaskôdebatahigan pl
pômihlôk pl pômihlôkil a bit, a left pôpaskôdebatahiganal a head breaker,
over piece a weapon to break heads

pômp pl pômpak a tea kettle <Can. Fr. pôpatkwabi continuing to sit

bombe a kettle pôpatkwabimek one continues to sit
pôpatkwabo they continues to sit
pôn- (pen-) down, downward pôpmokwabi keep sitting down
pôpmokwabimek one keeps sitting
pôngoks pl pôngoksak a pancake down
<Eng. Pancakes pôpmokwabo they keeps sitting down
pôntegw pl pôntegol rapids or falls, a pôpmosa they goes farther, they goes
downward flow walking by, they walks all the time
pôntegwijoan a rapid, a falling river pôpmosamek one walks farther, goes
current walking by, walks all the time
pôntegwis pl pôntegwisal a little rapid pôpmosat one who goes farther, goes
or falls walking by, walks all the time
pôntegwoo it is a rapid or falls

240
pôpenôtakwzo pl pôpenôtakwzoak a pôzidôbadamawômek one prays over
tamarack, it keeps or thoroughly drops someone
branches and needles, Laric laricina pôzidôbadamawa pray over someone;
pôpenômkihla the hill keeps falling, they prays over someone
the land slides pôzidôbadamwôgan clemency
pôpenibakwezo the leaves keep falling pôzidôkiwi over the hill
pôzidadena over a mountain
pôw- happy, joyful pôzidalek what is ample, sufficient
pôzidaldowôgan abundance
pôwôzi be happy pôzidba it overflows, it is more than
pôwôzimek one lives happily full
pôwôzo they is happy, lives a joyful life pôzidbak overflow
pôwôwzowôgan pl pôwôwsowôganal pôzidkôzik one goes over something
pleasure, happy living pôzidka go over
pôwidahôzi be happy, happy-think pôzidkam go over something; they goes
pôwidahôzimek one thinks joyfully over something
pôwidahôzo they is happy, they thinks pôzidnasemek one drags something
happy thoughts over
pôwidahôzwôgan happiness pôzidnasen they drags something over
pôwilosa go happily, be pleased to go; pôzidnasimek one drags someone over
they goes happily pôzidnasin they drags someone over
pôwilosamek one goes happily pôziji kinôbawôgan boldness, bravery
pôwipmegômek one dances with joy, pôziji wlilawaômek one charms
dances with pleasure someone
pôwipmega dance with joy, dance with pôzijidoimek one flies over
pleasure; they dances with joy
pôzijidoo they flies over
pôwipmegawôgan pl
pôwipmegawôganal a pleasure dance, a pôzijigdaimek one crosses over
happy dance something by jumping
pôzijigedao they jumps over

pôzid- above, beyond, over pôzijijoan it flows over

pôzijiwi farther beyond, over
pôzijiwi ni above that, over that place

241
 pabômihla move around; they moves
around
pa- approach
pabômiwi around, about, approximately
pabômiwi nisoak môniak about two
pabô- about, roughly, dollars
approximately, around
pabômkak a desert, where it is sandy, a
sandy place
pabôdabi move about sitting pabômkanni travel about
pabôdabimek one moves about sitting pabômkannimek one travels about
pabôdabo they moves about sitting pabômkanno they travels about
pabômôdokazi talk walking about pabômosa walk about; they walks
pabômôdokazimek one talks walking about
about pabômosamek one walks about
pabômôdokazo they talks walking pabômosan walking about
about
pabômosat one who walks around
pabômdakholowômek one hangs
someone up all around (as in nets) pabahamosa they goes farther, goes
more
pabômdakholowa hang up someone all
around; they hangs up (webs) all around pabahamosamek one goes farther, goes
more
pabômi around, about
pabachidôzik one examines something
pabômidahôzi think all around
something, reflect pabachido examine something; they
examines something
pabômidahôzimek one reflects, thinks
something over pabadgosamek one walks crooked

pabômidahôzo they thinks all around pabadgosat pl pabadgosat one who

something, reflects walks crooked

pabômidahôzwôgan thinking, pabadgosa walk crooked; they walks

reflecting, pondering something crooked

pabômigwzi crawl about pabadegw pl pabadegok hail

pabômigwzimek one crawls about pabadekwoo it hails, there are

hailstones
pabômigwzo they crawls about
pabagitôzik one abandons something
pabômihlômek one moves around
pabagito abandon something; they
pabômihlôt the one who moves around, abandons something
he moves around
pabagihlômek one abandons someone
242
pabagihla leave someone, go away; pabakwasiwi all over, all around
they abandons someone
pabagakanihlôk bloodroot, that which pabal- smooth
bleeds, Sanguinaria canadensis
pabahaminôgwat it looks worse than it
is Pabalôgamak Raquette Lake, New
York, lake full of bays
pabalakw pl pabalakok American
pabahw- tin sycamore, smooth tree, Platanus
occidentalis
pabahwijo pl pabahwijoak a tin pail pabalaman pl pabalamanak,
pabalamanal peppermint, candies in
pabahwijoabkôgan pl
general <Fr. Paparmane
pabahwijoabkôganal a tin roof
pabalhadôbi pl pabalhadôbial a band
pabahwijosis pl pabahwijosisal a little
for a silk hat
tin pail
pabalhat pl pabalhadal a beaver hat, a
pabahwijwijo tin basin
smooth hat
pabahwijwiya tin material
pabalskwat glare ice
pabaiôda when they comes
pabaji very much like
pabam- overtake, pass
pabajigwesit pl pabajigwesijik an
ancestor, one who comes before in time,
a predecessor pabamkawômek one overtakes and
pabajitbihla it just happens; it happens passes someone
sometime pabamkawa overtake and pass
pabajiwi very like; in a very like someone; they overtakes and passes
manner someone

pabakalokamek one works neatly or pabamosa go right by

carefully pabamosamek one goes right by
pabakhama be neat; they is very
particular, neat
pabas- half
pabakhamalo they is very particular,
fussy
pabasôpkwao half a month or moon,
pabakhamalwôgan neatness
half face
pabaki thoroughly, very clearly
pabasôgizo it is a half moon
pabakiwi very clearly, thoroughly

243
pabasômkipoda half an hour pabaskwhamôgan pl
pabaskwhamôganal a ball
pabasôwdia halfway there, it is half the
trail pabaskwhamômek one plays ball
pabasba a pint pabaskwhama they plays ball
pabashamômek one is stupid, half- pabaskwhamak they play at ball
witted pabaskwhamaldoak they play ball
pabashama stupid, half-witted; they is pabaskwhamawôgan ball playing
stupid, half-witted
pabaskwhamhadin ball playing time
pabasi half
pabasna halve, divide in two, separate
pabasigalanoo half a gallon in halves
pabasigi be only a half pabastaham cut something in halves
pabasikwat a pint, half a quart
pabasillagwnôso half a yard
pabat- very like
pabasin epilepsy
pabasinebizon medicine for pabazin,
pabatkawômek one acts like someone
fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium
pabatkawa act like someone; they acts
pabasitkwigwan half a pound
like someone
pabasiwi half, halfway
pabawôgahlôt a green winged teal,
Anas carolinensis
pabask- explode, shoot pabedgwibakazik pl
pabedgwibakazikil partridge berry,
Mitchella repens, a little round leaf
pabaska kwigwigem pl pabaska
kwigwigemok ruddy duck, ball duck pabemitak pl pabemitakil driftwood,
what is excess, left over
pabaskha shoot someone
pabidohlôk pl pabidohlôkil what splits
pabaskhedak pl pabaskhedakil into layers
firecracker, that which explodes
repeatedly pabigw pl pabigwak a flea

pabaskw pl pabaskok a bloodsucker, pabikôgtegwa a very winding river

leech pabitawhlôk pl pabitawhlôkil what
pabaskwatoo a pint, it is half a quart splits into layers

pabaskweda once, once every time, pabogjawaik what makes you itch
once each or to each paboles pl pabolesak a whip-poor-will

244
paboleswagesen pl paboleswagesenal padagosa approach, come on foot; they
pitcher plant, whip-poor-will's shoe, approaches
Sarracenia purpurea padagosamek one approaches, come on
foot
pad- (paji) arrive, come, padagosatawa give back to someone;
approach, bring they gives something back to someone
padagosatawamek one gives
something back to someone
padôbagnômek one brings someone by
the arm padagwaan it approaches floating
padôbagna bring someone by the arm; padaka throw to a certain place;
they brings someone by the arm achieve a goal
padôban dawn approaches padakamek one throws to a certain
place; achieves a goal
padôgema arrive on snowshoes
padakan throwing in a certain place
Padôgi pl Padôgiak a Thunder, a
Padaksit Plymouth or Patuket, Mass,
Thunderer, the approaching sound
meaning one who came sailing
padôgiapskw pl padôgiapskol a flint,
padapôwlômek one brings fear
thunder stone
padapôwlôt one who brings fear, a
padôgisen pl padôgisenal flint stone,
disturber
thunder stone
padapôwla bring fear; they brings fear
padôgimek one thunders
padasiba dip and fetch some water
padôgit one who thunders, thunderer
padatbihla it comes to pass
padôgo they thunders
padates pl padatesak a potato
padôlka reach a certain place, come to,
arrive at padatesiawahôdo pl
padatesiawahôdoak a potato bug
padômahla come running; run to
someone padawanesen a bringing breeze; a
breeze bringing an odor
padômptasit ones trail comes
padelômsen it comes blowing, a wind
padôtegoo it approaches with waves
approaches
padôzik one brings something
padenasin they drags it in
padôzo it is brought
padeniga bring something by carrying;
padabaga water comes to us, water they brings something by carrying
rises, tide comes in
padenigamek one bring something by
padabda the heat comes to us carrying it

245
padholômek one who brings someone, pagôntegw pl pagôntegok the
transports someone Contoocook River, NH, butternut river
padhola brings someone, transport;
they brings someone pag- (pak-) hit, smash, strike
padholit one who brings me or us
padholok one who I bring
paga- a part, a piece
padiasimek one arrives, show up
padiaso show up; they arrives
pagabadassen it drips, it falls in drops
Padiskôn Batiscan, where the camp
appears
pagad- coming back, returning
padkadak what reaches some place
padkanni approach traveling, come to,
reach someplace pagabagak where it is clear water
padkannimek one approaches pagabagat it is clear water
traveling, comes to, reaches someplace pagadasin it reflects as light from water
padkanno they approaches traveling, or an image in a mirror
comes to, reaches someplace pagadasintegw pl pakadasintegol a
pado bring something; they brings reflecting river
something pagadasik a shadow, what reflects
padosa come by foot; they comes pagadasit he who casts a shadow, he
walking; ; the sun goes up in the sky casts a shadow, he strikes a reflection
padosamek one comes walking pagadhôdoimek one moves over and
padosan coming on foot (said as the back
sun goes up in the sky) pagadhôdoo they moves over and back
pagôn pl pagônal a butternut; a nut pagadkanni travel back, come back
pagônimozi nut tree or nut bush pagadkannimek one travels back,
pagônis pl pagônisal chestnuts; filberts, comes back
little nuts in general, especially the pagadkanno they travels back
hazelnut, Corylus spp.
pagadkannoldimek when several travel
pagônowik that which is a nut back
pagônozi pl pagônoziak nut tree, pagadkannoldoak they travel back,
specifically butternut tree, Juglans they come back
cinerea
pagadlômsen the wind returns

246
pagadosa walk back, come back; they paganemawa break off a piece of
walks back, comes back something for someone; they breaks off
a piece of something for
pagadosamek one walks back, comes
back paganemawômek one breaks off a
piece of something for someone
pagadosat one who returns
paganemawit one who breaks off a
pagadosawôgan returning
piece for me or us
pagaiwi partly
pagasin it falls striking
pagaiya a part, a piece
pagawagenômek one folds or pleats
pagaiya abazi a chip of wood someone
pagajihlômek one goes and returns pagawagenôzik one folds or pleats
pagajihla go and return; they goes and something
returns pagazigan pl pagaziganal a slice of
pagajitan the current comes back, bread
eddies pagazo they slices
pagajiwi approaching, coming pagebadazen it drips
pagakaôgwtak pl pagakaôgwtakil the
crosspiece of a canoe, the thwart or yoke
used to carry pagiha- baptize, sprinkle
pagakaazo a piece of land slides, falls
pagakan pl pagakanak blood pagihalôzik one sprinkles it; it is
blessed
pagakanihlôk bloodroot, that which
bleeds, Sanguinaria canadensis pagihalit the baptizer, one who baptizes
me or us
pagakanipotin black pudding, blood
pudding pagihatôzi be blessed, be sprinkled

pagamôgan pl pakamôganal a war pagihlômek one leaves or abandons

club someone

paganôzik one breaks a piece of pagihlôwat one who leaves another

something off pagildimek people separate, leave one
paganem they breaks a piece of another; abandon each other
something off pagimen pl pagimenal hickory nut
paganemawômek one breaks off a pagimenakwam pl pagimenakwamak
piece of something for someone hickory nut tree, Carya sp.
pagiminiga make an offering; they
makes an offering

247
pagiminigamek one makes an offering pahakwinawa greet someone after a
long separation; they greets someone
pagiminigan pl pagiminigan an
offering pahakwinawômek one greets someone
after a long separation
pagimizi pl pagimiziak a black walnut
tree, Juglans nigra, nut tree pahakwitôgwat it sounds anew
pahakwnigan son-in-law
pagit- abandon, leave pahakwsedam it sounds anew, it recalls
the past
pahamaldôzik one prefers something
pagitôzik one abandons something;
what is abandoned pahamaldam prefer something; they
prefers something
pagitam defecate; leave, abandon,
renounce, give up pahamalômek be more numerous
pagitanômek one has a nosebleed pahamalôshanik as it’s told they were
more numerous
pagitanôt one with a nosebleed
pahamalak they are more numerous
pagitana they has a nosebleed
pahamasani be stronger
pagitanwôgan a nosebleed
pahamasanimek one is stronger
pagitnigamek offering or sacrifice
(from the practice of returning bones of pahamasano they is stronger
fish and beaver to the water, animals to pahamato it is better
the forest)
pahami more
pagitnigai mzeja matkadai
matkazaziganal burnt offerings pahamihlômek someone left over,
someone more
pagitnigawôgan an offering, a
sacrifice, act of making an offering pahamihlôzik something left over,
something more
pahamihlôk pl paamihlôkil a bribe;
pahakw- newly, afresh, anew what is left over
pahamihla they or it is left over
pahakwinôgw newness pahaminôgwzi appear more
pahakwinôgwzi appear anew pahamiwi moreover
pahakwinôgwziakw all of you appear
new to me, a greeting to a group
pai- come, arrive
pahakwinôgwzian you appear new to
me, a greeting
paiô they comes
248
paiômek one arrives, what comes pajima make someone approach, come
back; they makes someone approach,
paiômoo it arrives; it equals, it comes
come back
to, arrives at
pajitan the current brings it, it comes
paiômwik what has arisen; that which
on the current
has come, or arrived
pajitbihlôga if it happens; in case that
paiôt one who comes
pajitbihla it happens, it comes about
paia arrive; they arrives
pajiwi approaching, coming
pajedôzik one learns something by
hearing pajoldimek people show up, people
approach
pajedam learn by hearing, come to hear
something; they learns something by pajoldoak they show up, they approach
hearing

pakôg- bent, crooked

paji (pad-) approach, come,
bring; even
pakôgôbagw pl pakôgôbagol a
crooked lake
pajiasi arrive, appear, show up pakôgnômek one bends someone
suddenly
pakôgnôzik one bends something
pajiasimek one arrives, appears, shows
up suddenly pakôgna one bends someone

pajiaso they arrives, appears, shows up pakôgnem one bends something

suddenly pakôgnemawômek one bends
pajibia appear paddling, come paddling something for someone

pajibiamek one comes paddling pakôgnemawa bend something for

someone; they bends something for
pajigda jump into view someone
pajigdahimek when one jumps into
view
pakal- sure, certain
pajihlômek someone approaches
pajihla they or it approaches
pakaldôzik one is certain of something
pajimôgwat it comes bringing an odor
pakalda be certain
pajimômek one makes someone come
back pakaldam be certain of something, be
sure of something; they is certain of
something

249
pakaldamikhômek one promises pakawagnemawa fold something for
someone someone; they folds something for
someone
pakaldamikhôwawôgan a promise,
insurance pakesso pl pakessoak partridge; ruffed
grouse, Bonasa umbellus
pakaldamikha assure someone, make
someone certain; they promises someone pakesswimen pl pakesswimenal
partridge berry, Mitchella repens
pakaldamikhian when you promise me
pakhiga clean something; they cleans,
pakaldamikhodwôgan one that is
works at cleaning, is engaged cleaning
assuring
pakhigamek one cleans something
pakaldamikholan when I promise you
pakhigan pl pakhiganal a cleaning
pakaldamikhozi promise oneself,
instrument
assure oneself
pakhiminôganakwam pl
pakaldamikhozimek one promises
pakhimenôganakwamak a pounding
oneself, assures oneself
tree (a bent sapling used to lift a corn
pakaldamikhozo they promise herself, pounder)
assures oneself
pakhiminômek one smashes, cracks,
pakaldamikhozwôgan a resolution threshes
pakalmegwak what is certain, assured, pakhimina smash, crack, thresh; they
insured smashes, cracks, threshes
pakalmegwat it is certain, surely, to be pakholi drum, beat a drum
sure, of course
pakholimek one beats a drum, drums
pakamigwzowôgan cleanness
pakholin drumming
pakamto they is neat, they is clean
pakholo they drums
habitually
pakholigan pl pakholiganak a drum
pakasokw clear sky
paki clean, clear, neat; like, similar
pakasokwat it is a clear sky
pakiwawilômwa pl pakiwawilômwak
pakawagnômek one folds someone
a wasp, the one similar to a bee
pakawagnôzik one folds something
paki wawtôgwak obvious, what is clear
pakawagna fold someone; they folds to understand
someone
pakidôzik one clears or cleans
pakawagnem fold something; they something
folds something
pakida clean, clear
pakawagnemawômek one folds
pakidam clean, clear something; they
something for someone
cleans or clears something
250
pakigen it is clean, neat paks pl paksal a box <Eng. Box
pakigo they is clean, neat pakskizikikinamotloat pl
pakskizikikinamotloatal a television,
pakihômek one cleans someone
tv, a box that shows things
pakiha clean someone
pakwa pl pakwaal arrow shaft or blunt
pakihlômek one becomes clean, is arrow
cleaning
pakwaaki pl pakwaakial place where
pakihla become clean, cleaning; they one gets arrows, arrow land
becomes clean, they is cleaning
pakwaaloskw pl pakwaaloskok
pakikôgan manure, fertilizer arrowhead plant, Sagittaria spp.
pakika spread manure, fertilize; they pakwaaskw pl pakwaaskol cattail,
spreads manure, fertilizes Typha latifolia, arrow plant
pakikan spreading manure pakwaigejiljô an arrow notch
pakiminômek one smashes with a tool Pakwaik Athel, Mass, place for arrows
pakimina smash with a tool, thresh; pakwaikinawitigan pl
they smashes with a tool, threshes pakwaikinawitiganal an arrow's mark,
pakinebizon pl pakinebizonal cleaning either the owner's mark or paint to make
medicine, a blood purifier, purgative it easier to find

pakinem clean, clean something by pakwaoli hammer through an

hand instrument (as a punch), as putting canoe
ribs in
pakiniga clean up outside
pakitôzik one cleans, clears something
pakwsa- dry
pakitawômek one cleans, clears
something for someone
pakitiga clean up inside pakwsasômek one dries someone
pakito clean something pakwsasôzik one dries something
pakitowôgan cleaning, act of cleaning pakwsasodimek people dry one another
pakitwôgan cleansing, act of cleansing pakwsata it is dry
pakiwi cleanly, clearly pakwsataisata pl pakwsataisatal dried
blueberry
pakkamigwzowôgan cleanliness
pakwsatak pl pakwsatakil what is dry
paknôzik one cleans something
pakwsatagisgat it is dry weather
pakna clean something
pakwsazômek one dries someone
pakosao it clears up (as water or the
sky) pakwsazôzik one dries something

251
pakwsaza dry someone
pakwsazi be dry palagnômek one peels, skins someone
by hand
pakwsazozi dry self
palagnozik one peels, skins something
pakwsazozimek one dries themselves
by hand
pakwsazozo they dries herself
palagzômek one peels, skins someone
with a knife
pal- wrong, bad, erroneous palagzôzik one peels, skins something
with a knife

palôbaldôzik one despairs, is palalizimek one is paralyzed

discouraged about something palalizoo they is paralyzed <Fr.
palôbalda despair, be discouraged Paralysie

palôbaldam despair about something, palaloka make an error; they makes a

be discouraged; they is discouraged mistake
about something palalokamek one makes an error
palôbaldaminôgwzi appear palalokawôgan pl palalokawôganal an
discouraged error, a bad deed, pl trespasses
palôbaldamwôgan discouragement palalokawôganoo it is a bad work
palôbilawahômek one discourages palalokawôganowik that which is bad
someone work, it is bad work
palôbilawaha discourage someone; palalokawômek one offends someone
they discourages someone
palalokawa offend someone; they
palôbilawadin a group or team feels offends someone
discouraged
palasin hypochondria, being afraid of
palôbimômek one discourages everything
someone
palasinnebizon medicine for
palôbinôgwat it appears not hypochondria
worthwhile; seems discouraging
palawakatôzik one injures something,
palôjemi say something incorrect; be uses something incorrectly
wrong in what one says
palawakato injure something; they uses
palôwadwôgan discord something badly
paladaka act awkwardly palemeskw pl palemeskwak a young
beaver

palag- peel palham make an error, make a mistake;

they makes a mistake
252
palhamwôgan pl palhamwôganal an palkamigwzo they is rude
error palkamigwzowôgan rudeness
palidahôzimek one changes thoughts, palkwasamek one goes in the wrong
thinks wrongly direction
palidahôzo they changes thoughts, palkwasan going on the wrong route;
think wrongly steering in the wrong direction
palidahôzwôgan thinking the wrong palnôzik one criticizes something;
way, erroneous thinking drops something
palidotabimek one is in a bad position, palnam criticize; they criticizes
poorly situated as for money or in something
business
palnem drop something; they handles
palidotabo they is in a bad position, wrongly or awkwardly
poorly situated as for money or in
business palosamek one goes the wrong, misses
destination
paligen it is wrong, bad
palihla goes wrong, take the wrong
way, miss destination pam- (pem-) during, when, where,
along, throughout, this, continue
palilôbimek one look in the wrong
direction
palilawômek one offends someone, pamôbagnômek one leads someone,
displeases someone guides someone
palilawa they abuses, offends, pamôbagna lead someone, guide
displeases someone someone; they leads someone, guides
someone
palilawahômek one displeases
someone pamagwat it lies down
palinptôzik one grasps something pamagwezik pl pamagwezikil what is
wrongly, drops something lying (somewhere)
paliolômawaldôzik one believes what pamagwigasik a corpse, what is lying
is not true, believes something false somewhere
paliolômawaldam believe what is not pamômkihlôk a beach, where it gets
true; they believes something false sandy
palitan a wrong way current pamômptok a trail, along where tracks
or signs are left
Paliten Burlington, Vermont <Eng.
pamôwdisek along where the road is
paliwi away; different place, elsewhere
pamadegwaakw pl pamadegwaakol
palkamigwzimek one is rude
driftwood
253
pamadena where the mountains are; at pamnigat one who carries along
the mountains pamnimskak where one finds it
Pamadenai pl Pamadenaiak Huron of pamsemimek where one drinks
Lorette, Quebec, mountain country
person pami during, when, where

Pamadenainak Lorette Huron Village, pamibiamek one paddles along, when

they live at the mountains, the Hurons at one paddles
Lorette pamibiat pl pamibiajik paddler, they
pamadenik where the mountain is paddles along

pamadenika where many mountains pamidoo flying along

are, mountain country pamigadek during the year, this year
pamadialit pl pamadialihidit the pamigajigapskak where the cliff is,
hunter, he is hunting where the rock is taken off
pamagwaak pl pamagwaakil a lily, the pamigek when it grows
floating one, what floats; name of
pamigwahlôt one that rolls along
Nelumbo lotus pond lily
pamigwzik what crawls along, it crawls
pamagwaimek one floats
along
pamakannimek one travels
pamigwijowabi travel here and there
pamakwamimek one clings to selling; go around peddling
something
pamihlôk what flies by, when it passes
pamakwihak where there are many
pamihlômek one flies or goes by
trees
pamijinakwtak pl pamijinakwtakil a
pamalokamek a week
crosspiece
pamalokamga last week
pamijoak where the swift current
pamapskadena where the rocky passes
mountain is; where rocky mountains are
Pamijoasik Pemigewasset River, NH,
pamapskak where it is rocky; rocky swift current place
place
pamijowabimek one goes around
pamapskw where there is rock selling, peddling
pamawakamek what one uses or wears pamikwenakaa where the land extends
pambagak where the water extends, at a long way
the water paminôgwzia where I appear, where I
pamekhadimek people dance show myself

pamgisgak today pami ngetdôdak this generation

pamipisagak in the bush
254
pamipolwat a fugitive, one who flees Panaôpskadekw Penobscot River,
Maine
pamitbagak in the night, this night
Panaôpskai pl Panaôbskaiak a
pamkaak the coast, where there is land,
Penobscot Indian
where it is land; a field
Panaôpskaisibo Penobscot River
pamkadak where it burns, there has
been a fire, forest fire, a burn Panaôpskak Penobscot
pamkamigak the earth, where it is land; Panaôpskattegw Penobscot river
around here, in this vicinity panapskak the steep rocky place
pamkannimek one travels panhômômek one follows tracks
pamgisgak today panhôma follow tracks; they follows
pamkwabit where they is sitting tracks
pamlôgwik this evening, while it is panihlômek one falls
evening panihla go downward, fall; they falls
pamodi walking together panjahlôk a waterfall, a cascade
pamosaa I walk along pansel pl panselak a pencil, <Eng.
pamosadoit one who carries something pencil
along papazgo; papazgwen one by one; one
pamosadot organizer, director, the one each, or to each
that carries something along, they makes papazgwda once every time; once each,
things go or to each
Pamosaiamihômek Corpus Christi papedganoat the one who turns them
Day, one walks along praying back
pamosat one who walks by
pamowalat one that carries something pap- play; continual, lasting,
on his back
ongoing
pamskoda pl pamskodaal a meadow
pamskotaichogeleskw pl
papi play
pamskotaichogeleskok meadow
blackbird, bobolink papidokôgan pl papidokôganal
plaything, toy
pananas pl pananasal a banana <Eng.
Bananas pakikwes pl papikwes a red-tailed
hawk; a little flute
papilowinôgw something appearing
pan- (pen-) fall, downward
very different

255
papimek one plays papizwina go into the wilderness
papimeligwômek one is cross-eyed papizwakanno he travels for nothing or
automatically
papin playing
papizwihla it flies by itself, it goes
papinebizon alum, continual medicine,
automatically
Salsugoterrae
papizwosa they goes for nothing, for
the fun of it
papkwan peels
papiw- very small
papkwedaôzik what one opens (as a
cupboard or sideboard)
papiwkwik pl papiwkwikil the little papkwedanôziga after it is opened up
thing
papkweskalôk paskhigan pl
papiwsesek pl papiwsesekil very small papkweskalôkil paskiganal a breech
thing loading gun, what habitually breaks
papiwsesit pl papiwsesijik very small open
one papkwtanôzik what opens up
papiwseso they is very small paplojiwi repeatedly stopping or
papiwsessit almosis chihuahua, a really delaying
small dog papo they plays
papos they continues to play; a child
papiz- automatic; useless papmôdabimek one rests sitting
papmahôdoit one is active around there
(game animal is roaming around); they
papizokanni travel uselessly
lives around there
papizokanni travel by own power,
papmaksi sail along
travel automatically
papmakzik pl pabemakzikil sail boat,
papizokwazik a clock, what sounds
what sails in the wind
uselessly or automatically
papmalokamga last week
papizwôjmimek one lies, one tells
imaginary stories papmasin they lies on ground
papizwôjmit a liar, teller of imaginary papmega dance continuously
stories papmelômsogon it blows it (said only
papizwôjmo they lies of snow)
papizwihlôk pl papizewihlôkil an papmidoik pl papemidoikil an
aeroplane, what flies automatically aeroplane, that which flies

256
papmidoit one who flies, the flier pasabagoik the tide, it swells with
water
papmidoo they he flies around
pasabagw rising lake water
papmidowinno pl papmidowinnoak
flying person Pasadômkiak Passadumkeag, Maine,
name of the Indians living near the place
papmigwilawôbama continually look
where the water rises
around for someone
pasadgwa a rising river, a filling river
papmihla it keeps flying around, it
(as a tidal river)
runs, travels
pasadna pl pasadnak a pass or notch
papminôgwat it looks worse than it is,
between mountains
it looks more than it is
pasagazigan pl pasagaziganal a furrow
papmosa they goes farther
in the ground
papoles a whip-poor-will
pasahtôkw when when smells
paponem put in something, detects something by odor
paposkwena break someone pasahana a longitudinal valley
papowôgan pl papowôganal a joke, a pasakahigawôgan making a ditch,
game ditching work
papsakwelaazo lightning flashes pasakwba it is swollen by water
pasakwbaato put in water to swell
pas- swollen, puffy, full pasakwosa it (wood) swells, becomes
swollen

pasômka puffy sand pasakwosao it is swollen

Pasômkasek Passumpsic River, VT, pasakwzigan pl pasakwziganal a

where there is puffy sand furrow in wood (such as made by a
chisel or a scoring tool)
pasômki pl pasômkial swelling sand
(sand swelling or rising in water as in pasanôgisit he that is full, he is full, a
forming a sandbar) full one (moon)

Pasômsik Passumpsic River, VT, where pasanômkahômek one fills someone

there is puffy sand with sand or fine gravel

pasaakw pl pasaakok red pine, Pinus pasanômkahôzik one fills something

resinosa with sand

pasabada it is filled with water (as a pasanbahadôzik one fills something

stream after a rain) with liquid

pasabaghan the water fills, water rises pasanbahalômek one fills someone
with liquid

257
pasanhagômek one is pregnant, filled- paskadegwak where river branches off
body-one paskaga open
pasanhaga be pregnant; they is paskagan opening
pregnant
paskagena uncover something
pasanlhômek one fills something or
someone with things paskakaa it is open land

pasanbahalômek one fills someone paskalôgwawi bare head, uncover the

with liquid head, take off headgear

pasanbahatôzik one fills something paskazidoan bare toes

with liquid paskedaha break something
pasantôzik one fills something with paskejas pl paskejazak a piece of
things wood that explodes in the fire
pasatômki pl pasatômkial land rising
under water, a sand bar
paskh- shoot, burst, explode
pasebagoo it is swollen water, it is high
tide
pasgwinoo the only one paskhôdeba break a head
paskhôdebahigan pl
paskhodebahiganal war club, a head
pasis- pimply breaker
paskhôdebawan war club, head
pasisihlômek one gets pimply, has the breaker
measles paskhôlagigwatahômek one shoots out
pasisihlawôgan measles; becoming someone's eye
pimply paskhôlagigwataha shoot someone’s
eye out; they shoots someone’s eye out

pask- bare, naked, nude, open, paskhôligwawômek one shoots

uncovered someone
paskhômek one shoots

Paskahigan Baskahegan river, Maine, paskha shoot, shoot a gun; they shoots
an uncovered or unfrequented way paskhakwadin they is cracking from
paskôdebaiwi baldheaded cold

Paskôgama Tupper Lake, NY, the open paskhakwajimek one cracks from the
lake cold

paskaba it is open water paskhakwajo they or it cracks from the

cold
258
paskham shoot, shoot something; he pasod- near in space or time
ejaculates semen
paskhamôlewzo pl paskhamôlewzoak
pasoda near
a shark, they explodes out of the water
pasodakôzik one approaches, gets near
paskhedak pl paskhedakil a
something
firecracker, that which explodes
pasodakam approach something; they
paskhida pl paskhidal a callus, burst
approaches something
ones
pasodakawômek one gets close to
paskhigan pl paskhiganal a gun, an
someone
exploding or shooting implement
pasodakawa get close to someone; they
paskhihla it breaks, bursts as an egg, a
gets close to someone
blister, a boil, or a bubble
pasodawi near in time, nearby
paskhotam shoot
pasodawiwi near in time, nearby
paskigen it is open, uncovered, there is
a hole pasodchakwat it is nearly daylight
paskildaimek one is barehanded pasodosa approach, go near, arrive;
they approaches
paskildaiwi do something barehanded
pasodosamek one approaches, goes
paskildao they is barehanded
near, arrives
pasktahôzik one shells, one breaks
pasodtôzik one puts something close
open by striking
pasodto put something close; they puts
pasktahôzik one shells, breaks
something close
something
pasoji widôzik alôwadik an
pasktaha on shells, breaks; they shells,
approximation
breaks
pasojiwi near, nearby, nearly
pasktaham on shells, breaks
something; they shells, breaks something pasojkowôbi watch the nearby area,
examine the area nearby
paskwa noon
pasojkowôbimek one watches the
paskwaipi eat noon meal
nearby area, examines the area nearby
paskwaipimek one eats noon meal
pasojkowôbo they watches the nearby
paskwaipo they eats lunch area, examines the area nearby
paskwaipowôgan lunch
paskwak at noon pasos- puff up, rise
Paslid Basil

259
pasosa puff up; it becomes puffy, it patkilôn a pain in the side
rises patkilabagw pl patkilabagol pain-in-
pasosamek when something becomes the-side plant, Cornus canadensis
puffy (can be used for rising bread) patkilamômek one has a pain in the
pasosakhigan raising implement, yeast, side
baking powder patkilama they has a pain in the side
pasosao they or it becomes puffy, it patkilawinebizon pl
swells patkilawinebizonal pain-in-the-side
Passaamakwati pl Passaamakwatiak medicine, Cornus canadensis
Passamaquoddy
Paston Boston patkwa- facing someone
Pastoni pl Pastoniak an American
Pastoni-Kchi Sôgmô The President of
patkwabi sit facing someone
the U.S. of America
patkwabimek one sits facing someone
Pastoniskwa an American woman
patkwabo they sits facing someone
Pastonki United States of America
patkwaboldimek several sit face to
face, sit around in a circle
pat- useless, harmful patkwaboldoak they sit facing each
other
patôdahôzimek one thinks harmful patkwagôbi stand facing someone
thoughts patkwagôbimek one stands facing
patôdahôzo they thinks harmful someone
thoughts patkwagôbo they stands facing
patôdahôzwôgan harmful thoughts, someone
wasted thinking patkwil pl patkwilal a quilt, a
patôhla it is clotted over, scabbed over bedspread <Eng. bed quilt
patôiya a piece of a scab patlihôz pl patlihôzak a priest
patôn pl patônak, patônal a cloak <Fr. patlihôziskwa pl patlihôziskwak a nun
Paletot patlihôziskwaigamigw pl
patôwa speak for nothing; they speaks patlihôziskwaigamigok a convent
for nothing patnes pl patnesal a button <Eng.
patôwamek one speaks for nothing buttons; a pimple <Fr. Bouton
patôwawôgan speaking for nothing patnesôlagw pl patnesôlagol a button
hole
pata pl patak a pie, a tart
260
patnesihlômek one is pimply, has acne pawanala bewitch someone; they
bewitches someone
patnesihla they is pimply, has acne
pawanaldowôgan act of bewitching
patnesis pl patnesisal a pimple
something
pato pl patoak a blood clot, dried blood
pawanatôzik one wishes something
patoihla it clots, thickens with power
patos pl patosal, patosak a boat, a pawanato wish something with power;
rowboat, a barge <Eng. Bateaux they wishes something with power
patsolwômek one deceives someone pawankan bewitching someone
patsolwa deceive or trick someone; pawhiga personal power derived from
they deceives someone wishing; they uses personal power by
patsolwaskes pl patsolwaskesak a wishing
fraudulent person pawhigamek one uses personal power
patsolwanakwes pl patsolwanakwesak by wishing
a trickster, one who plays harmless tricks pawhigan pl pawhiganal an instrument
patsolwas pl patsolwazak a trickster of personal power

patwôbagw a lake with inlet and outlet pawialômek one exerts personal power
on the same side on someone by wishing
pawiala exert personal power on
someone by wishing; they exerts
paw- wish with power, exert personal power on someone by wishing
personal power by wishing;
tremble, shake pawihômek one wishes on someone
with power
pawiha wish on someone with power;
pawagiadôzik one shakes something they wishes on someone with personal
pawagiadôzo it is shaken power

pawagiado shake something; they pawilegwadasi shake or tremble (said

shakes something of a spiritual practitioner using power)

pawagialômek one shakes someone pawilegwadasimek one shakes or

trembles
pawagiala shake someone; they shakes
someone pawilegwadaso they shakes or trembles

pawaka shake throw; they shake throws pawipegotahômek one dusts by

shaking it out
pawakamek one shake throws
pawipegotaha dust by shaking; they
pawanalômek one bewitches someone dusts by shaking

261
pawipegwahigan pl pawipegwahiganal pazgwenoo they is one, they is one year
a duster old
pawipegwtahigamek one dusts pazgwenook in one place, on the same
spot
pazgwda once
pawsakpaolômek one cures by
frightening pazisilhawôgan the measles
pawsakpaola cure by frightening; they pazwômek one brings someone
cures by frightening pazwa bring someone; they brings
pawtagi shake self someone
pawtagimek one shakes self, stretches peboga next winter
self pebon pl pebonal winter
pawtago they shakes herself pebonôgo it turns cold, they bends
pawtahiga dust by beating; they dusts towards winter
by beating Pebonôgoik Corona borealis, The
pawtahigamek one dust by beating Northern Crown, they bends towards
winter, the winter bender
pazôbi see, be able to see
pebona last winter
pazôbikhômek one makes someone see
pebonadiali winter hunt
pazôbikha cause someone to see; they
causes someone to see pebonadialimek one winter hunts,
hunts in winter
pazôbimek one sees, is able to see
pebonadialin a winter hunt
pazôbo they sees, they is able to see
pebonadiali they winter hunts
pazekw one (item alone or in counting)
pebonadialwôgan winter hunting
pazgo one living one
pebonamakw pl pebonamakok smelt,
pazgolowi a pound
winter fish
pazgomôni one dollar
pebonamakwsis pl pebonamakwsisak
pazgowimek wdakwiwi nibanwôganek a little channel fish
alliance, to be one under unification
pebonihla pl pebonihlak a rough
pazgwda once, one time legged hawk, the winter bird
pazgwda llakwnôso one yard pebonipitkôzon pl pebonipitkôzonal a
pazgwen one thing winter coat

pazgwenda nevertheless, however peboniwi in winter

pazgwen kisokw one day Pebonkas December, winter maker

pebonki north, winter land
262
Pebonkialakws The North Star, Polaris pedgakamek one throws something
back
pebonkiimadegwas pl
pebonkiimadegwazak a northern pedgakanni travel back
rabbit, a hare pedgakannimek one travels back
pebonkiitmakwa pl pebonkiitmakwak pedgakanno they travels back
a northern beaver
pedgakannikhozi travel back by one's
pebonkik wadlômsek a north wind own effort
pebonlômsen north wind pedgakannikhozimek one travels back
by one's own effort
ped- (pid-) enter, go into, put in pedgakannikhozo they travels back by
her own effort
pedgakannimek one travels back
pedinôbi pl pedinôbial a bracelet, an
arm string pedgassakweda the light returns, the
light is reflected
pedgatawômek one strike back at
pedg- come back, return
someone, returns an injury
pedgatawa strike back; they strikes
pedgôbi look back back at someone
pedgôbimek one looks back pedgi return, come back, go back
pedgôbo they looks back pedgimek one returns, comes back,
pedgômahlômek one runs back goes back

pedgômahla run back; they runs back pedgo they returns

pedgômptôzik one returns making pedgiadôzik one send or throws

tracks; one makes the same tracks (walks something back
in their tracks) pedgiado send or throw something
pedgômpto they returns making tracks, back; they sends or throws something
they makes the same tracks back

pedgabda heat returns pedgibaghan the water goes back

pedgagwiji swim back pedgibia paddle back; they paddles

back
pedgagwijimek one swims back
pedgibiamek one paddles back
pedgagwijo they swims back
pedgibiat one who paddles back
pedgaka throw something back; they
throws something back pedgimôji move back, return
pedgimôjimek one moves back, returns

263
pedgimôjo they moves back, returns pedgwôdeb pl pedegwôdebal a round
head
pedgimaga give back; they gives back
pedgwôdebôt pl pedegwôdebôjik
pedgimagamek one gives back
round headed one
pedgimezenômek one gets someone
pedgwôgama pl pedegwôgamal a
back, return catches someone
round lake
pedgimezena get someone back; they
pedgwôgihla round shaped; an arc
gets someone back (catches them again)
pedgwôgit pl pedegwôgijik rounded
pedgimilômek one gives back, returns
one
pedgimilômek one gives something
pedgwôgizo a circle
back
pedgwôgwsek pl pedegwôgwsekil a
pedgimila give back, return something;
small round shaped thing
they gives something back
Pedgwônsek Pattagansett Lake, CT at
pedganowômek one turns someone
the round, shallow place
back
pedgwadena it is a round mountain
pedgimowa make someone return; they
turns someone back pedgwahlap pl pedegwahlapak a
round net
pedgipaiô come back, return
pedgwajo pl petegwajoak a round
pedgipaiômek one comes back, returns
mountain
pedgipaia return; they returns, comes
pedgwajois pl pedgwajoisak a little
back
round mountain
pedgit one who returns
pedgwakwat it is a round stick
pedgitan an eddy, a returning current
Pedgwapskok Pettaquamscutt Rock
pedgosa walk back and River, RI, at the round rock
pedgosamek one walks back pedgwaskika plant in round mounds or
pedgosatok they makes it go back, they hills
takes it back pedgwelômsen a whirlwind, a tornado
pedgwelji pl pedegweljial a fist, a
pedgw- round round hand
pedgweljihômek one hits someone with
the fist
pedgwôbagw pl pedekwôbagol a round
pond pedgweljiha hit someone with the fist;
they hits someone with fist
pedgwômenozi pl pedgwômenoziak
black walnut, round nut tree, Juglans pedgwenemo make something round
nigra
264
pedgwzid pl pedegwzidal a round foot pegdaza smoke something or someone
pedgwibaka it is a round leaf pegdazem smoke; they makes smoke
pedgwibakw pl pedegwibagol a round pegdazema it smokes (as a fire or a
leaf chimney)
pedgwigek pl pedegwikkil it is round, pegdazemezi smoke out
the round one pegdazemezimek one smokes someone
pedgwigen it is round out
pedgwigo they is round pegdazemezo they smokes someone
out
pedgwigwôm pl pedegwigwômal a
round house pegdazigan pl pegdaziganal a smudge,
smoked stuff (meat, fish, or hide), a
pedgwihla they or it turns around
smudge for insects
pedgwikôn pl pedegwikônal a round
pegdazowa making a lot of smoke, he
house or round camp
makes smoke

pegd- smoke
pegik- roast, toast, brown by heat

pegda pl pegdaal smoke

pegikeda it is browned by heat; it is
pegdaatôzik one has a smoke, makes roasted
smoke
pegikedaôbo coffee, the broth of
pegdaata have a smoke, make smoke; roasted material
they has a smoke
pegikezemômek one burns something
pegdaatawômek one makes smoke for while cooking
someone (sends smoke signals; makes
pegikezema burn something while
incense in church)
cooking; they burns something while
pegdaatawa make some smoke for cooking
someone; they sends smoke signals
pegikezigan pl pegikeziganal toast
pegdaik where it smokes
pegdaimôgwat it smells smoky
pegiki- brittle
pegdaimôgwzo they smells smoky
pegdamegwes smoked one
pegikigen it is brittle
pegdao there is smoke, it smokes
pegikihla it becomes brittle
pegdazôzik one smokes it (as in
smoking meat)

265
pego swollen, pitch, gum, rubber pegwigen it is brown
pegwigit one who is brown
pego pl pegoak pitch, gum, rubber pegwigo they is brown
pegoham gum something; they gums Pegwihodin Ash Wednesday
something pegwioo there is dust, it is dusty (as a
pegoibots pl pegoibotsal a rubber boot table), it (the ground) is sandy
pegoika pick gum; there is lots of gum pegwiojawas pl pegwiojawazak a
sandfly, no-see-ums
pegoiolômskw pl pegoiolômskol a
pitchy knot pegwis pl pegwisal a small amount of
sand or dust
pegois pl pegoisak a little tar; a sailor
pegwis pl pegwisak a black fly, a midge
pegoitegw pl pegoitegol gum river, a
or no-see-um, gnat
river where there is gum
pegwiwawilômwa pl
pegoiya rubber, gum material
pegwiwawilômwak sand bees, ground
pegoka gum, pitch, or rubber something wasps
pegokesen pl pegokesenal a rubber pejidaka send, forward, mail; they
shoe sends, forwards or mails something
pejidakamek one sends, forwards, or
pegw- dust, sand, soil mails something

pegwa really, actually, even pelag- (palag-) peel, remove

bark, remove rind, remove scales,
pegwadôzik someone earns or achieves remove skin
something
pegwado earn, achieve, deserve; they
earns, achieves or deserves something pelagôdebômek one is baldheaded
pegwadwôgan gain, acquirement pelagôdeba they is baldheaded
pegwahaol a canoe of spruce or elm pelagakhigan pl pelagakhiganal hide
bark, a peeled boat scraper
pegwaki pl pegwakial sandy land pelagakwada peel bark
pegwes pl pegwesak a mosquito pelagama gnaw off bark
pegwi sand, dust, soil, earth pelaghagenigan pl pelaghageniganal
crooked knife, peel by hand instrument
pegwiaki dusty land, sandy land
pelagibola scrape off
pegwigek what is brown

266
pelagigwtal the hulled corn kernels pemioimek one is greasy
boiled in lye pemioo greasy; they is greasy
pelagihla it becomes peeled pemowa pl pemowak a boil
pelagnômek one skins someone by
hand
pen- (pan-, pôn-) down,
pelagnôzik one skins something by
downward
hand
pelagna peel, skin, or scale by hand
pen pl penak ground nut, Apios
pelagniga peel (as fruit), skin (as fish)
tuberosa
pelagzômek one skins someone with a
penôdagezo drop branches or needles
knife
penôdawa climb down, come down,
pelagzôzik one skins something as with
descend; they climbs down
a knife
penôdawamek one climbs down,
pelagza peel it with a knife
comes down, descends
pelaz pl pelazak passenger pigeon
penôka they goes downhill, the ground
pelazimen pl pelazimenal pigeon berry goes down
pelazimen pl pelazimenal pigeon berry, penôkahla the hill goes down; fall
Phytolacca americana down a slope
pelazoka hunt pigeons penôkiwi downhill
pelazokan pigeon hunting penôko pl penôkoal downhill, a
pelches pl pelchesal pants, trousers downslope
<Eng. breeches Penôkok at the falling hill
Pelnal Bernard Penôkoi pl Penôkoiak a Pennacook
Person, falling hill person

pem- grease, oil, fat penômkahlôzik where there is falling

sand
penômkahla sand falls
pemi grease, oil, fat
penômkipoda sand slides down
pemihôzik one greases something
penôtawat one who comes down,
pemihôzi be greased; it is greased descender
pemiham grease something; they penakaazo land breaks off and falls
greases something down
pemii-kwatis pl pemii-kwatisak the penapska rock slopes downward
oil-cruet

267
penapskak at down sloping rock penijahlôk where water falls, a
waterfall
penapskilijoak where the water runs
down the rock (not a waterfall) penijahla a waterfall, the current falls
down
penapskw pl penapskol a sloping rock
penijoak where current goes down, a
penekôka falling earth bank
rapids, a falls
penekôkaazo earth breaks off and falls
penijoasek where current falls or at
down
little rapids
penekôkahla land slides down, hill,
penipoda they slides down, descends as
landslide
on a sled
penekôkihla a bank falls down, slides
penis pl penisak a ground nut
down
penitasek when it falls
penekôkipoda a bank slides down
penitasen it falls
penekôkw pl penekôkol a falling bank
penitasin they falls or drops
penelômsogon it falls by the wind
penosaalômek one takes someone
penibaga leaf fall, leaves fall
down
penibagaka when the leaves are falling
penosaala take someone down; they
penibagihla leaves are falling takes someone down
Penibagos October, the leaf falling
month
pez- (piz-) thick, dense; useless
penibagzo the leaves fall
penidoimek one flies down
peza gun powder
penidoo they flies down
pezakwôgan pl pezakwôganal a saw-
penigwagit a falling piece mill
penigwahlômek one rolls down, it rolls pezimen pl pezimenal a currant
down
penigwahla they or it rolls down
pezag- slimy, soft and wet, thick
penihlômek one falls down, it falls liquid
down
penihlôsek at a little rapids or where
little rapids are pezagholigan pl pezagholiganak a
slippery elm tree; inner bark obtained
penihlôt one that flies down
from slippery elm, Ulmus fulva
penihla they or it falls down or flies
pezagwa thick, slimy
down

268
pezagwdamen pl pezagwdamenak a pezgatakwa a dark forest
blackberry, Rubus allegheniensis;; a pezgatakwis a small dark wood
mulberry, Morus nigra
pezgawak when it is foggy
pezagwdamenakwam pl
pezagwdamenakwamak a blackberry pezgawan it is foggy
bush, Rubus allegheniensis; a mulberry pezgitbagak when it is dark night
bush, Morus nigra
pezgitegwa a dark river
pezagwda soft because wet
pezgiwi in the dark
pezagwjaga soft, wet substance
pezijihlômek one faints, goes dark
pezagwlada it is scraped, polished
pezijihla one become weak; they faints
pezagwlapoda polish, scrape smooth
pezijihlawôgan a fainting fit, epilepsy,
pezagwlapodiga scrape or smooth a convulsion, going dark
stick
pezkws pl pezkwsak a nighthawk,
pezahigan the wadding for a muzzle Chordeiles minor
loading gun, a powder instrument
pezkwiboahalômek one plucks (a bird)
pezakwzigan a furrow in wood
pezkwiboahala pluck someone; they
pezakwzigawôgan grooving, furrowing plucks someone
something
pezkwiboahala kwigwigema they
pezamakw pl pezamakok smelt, plucks a duck
swarming fish, shiners, minnows
peznoda pl peznodaal a tool bag
pezo pl pezoak a bobcat
pezg- dark
pezois pl pezoisak a bobcat kitten; a
domestic cat
pezgôlagada it is very dark hole pezoosa go for nothing, make a useless
pezga it is dark trip; they makes a useless trip

pezgada dark; it is dark pezoosamek one goes for nothing,

makes a useless trip
pezgadak dark thing, when it is dark
pezowakamigokw the deep dark forest
pezgadaso it is a little dark of old
pezgahlôgwihlôk when it gets dark in pezowakamigw pl pezowakamigol the
the evening wilderness
pezgaloka work in the dark; they works pezowakamigwinno a barbarous
in the dark person, a wild person
pezgalokamek one works in the dark phanem pl phanemok a woman, a wife
pezganôgwzo it looks dark
269
phanemôdeb pl phanemôdebal a piasso pl piassoal animal hair or fur,
woman-head; a grassy tussock or human body hair
bunchgrass in a swamp piasswadi pl piasswadial the hair side
phanemasolkwôn pl of a skin
phanemasolkwônal a bonnet piawa young (two year) male beaver
phanemi mkesen an ankle boot, a living at home, no offspring
woman’s shoe
phanemi wlinôgwzowôgan in one's pib- murky, decayed
finery, a looking good (well dressed)
woman
phanemi-medas pl phanemi-medasal pibeskw decayed wood, punk wood
a woman’s stocking used for carrying fire
phanemidahômek one is effeminate, pibeskwiabazi punky wood
one thinks like a woman pibeskwjas pl pibeskwjazak a piece of
phanemidaha be effeminate; he is punk
effeminate pibeskwjazakw pl pibeskwjazakok a
phanem nodalokat maid servant punky stump, tree, log, or one containing
punky wood
phanemowinak woman-kind, women
(collectively) pibeskwnoda pl pibeskwnodaal bag
for carrying tinder and flint and steel
phanemi-pitkôzon pl phanemi-
pitkôzonal a gown pibgan a roily water
pibganbi muddy water
pia- crumbly, mealy, powdery Pibgantegw Dead Creek, Bridgeport
and Addison, VT, the murky river
piches pl pichesak a peach <Eng.
Piaôdagos February, falling-in-pieces
(crumbly) branches moon pichesakwam pl pichesakwamak a
peach tree
piahlôk what gets mealy
piahla it becomes mealy, it falls in
pieces pid- (ped-) enter, go into; put in,
catch
piakhigan pl piakhiganak a chip of
wood
piakmôzon pl piakmôzonak a wood pidôgan pl pidôganal a pocket, a bag, a
shaving purse, a put-in thing
Pial Peter pidôganina put someone in a pocket

270
pidahlagwôgan pl pidahlagwôganal a pidhato fit in, make enter; they fits
knife sheath something in, makes something enter
pidalôn pl pidalônal a gun sheath pidhawanesen a draft of air enters, air
enters
pidalagôgan pl pidalagôganal a rifle
case pidhelômsen entering wind
pidapskwiganinoda pl pidhena put in firmly
pidapskwiganinodaal a shot-belt pidheniga bring in from outside; they
pidhômek one catches someone brings something in from outside
pidha catch someone; they catches pidhiôbôjgeli enter the wrong way
someone pidhiôbôjgelimek one enters the wrong
pidhabi enter and sit; sit by the entrance way
pidhabimek one enters and sits; one pidhiôbôjgelo they enters the wrong
sits by the entrance way
pidhabo they enters and sits; they sits pidhigan pl pidhiganal an entrance, an
by the entrance inlet
pidhaka throw in; they throws in Pidhiganek Nicolet, at the inlet
pidhakamek one throws in Pidhiganiak People of Nicolet
pidhakan throwing in Pidhiganitegw River Nicolet, the inlet
river
pidhamalki step inside
pidhijoan a current enters; an inlet
pidhanômek one catches, gets or takes
someone by hand pidhinbaga an inlet bay, an entering
water
pidhana catch or take someone by
hand; they catches, gets, or takes pidhinska put a hand in; they puts her
someone by hand hand in something
pidhamalkimek one steps inside pidhinskamek one something a hand in
something, enters their hand into
pidhamalko they steps inside
something (like water)
pidhamolômek one causes to enter;
pidhinskan putting hand in
puts in, inserts (as a mother bird when
feeding young) pidhitasimek one falls into an enclosed
place
pidhamola cause to enter, put in, insert;
they causes to enter, puts in inserts pidhitaso they falls into an enclosed
place
pidhatôzik one fits something in,
makes something enter pidhozi enter self; get caught (as in
trapped)
pidhatôzo it is made to enter or fit

271
pidhozimek one enters self; one gets pidkazawat loader, one who loads
caught
pidhozo they enters herself into a place; pidm- shoot with a bow or sling
they gets caught
pidiga enter; they enters
pidmômek one shoots
pidigaabi enter and sit
pidmôdi pl pidmôdial a slingshot
pidigaabimek one enters and sits
pidma shoot; they shoots
pidigaabo they enters and sits
pidmhiga shoot a bow; they shoots a
pidigaan when you entered
bow
pidigalômek one brings someone in
pidmhigamek one shoots a bow
pidigala bring someone inside; they
pidmikhômek one makes it shoot (a
brings someone inside
bow or sling)
pidigalzi confess; they brings herself
pidmotôzik one shoots something with
inside
a bow or slingshot
pidigalzimek one confesses; one brings
pidmotamawômek one shoots
oneself inside
something for someone
pidigalzin a confession; a confessional;
pidmotam shoot something; they
an entrance
shoots something
pidigalzo they confesses, they enters
pidmowômek one shoots a bow or
herself
slingshot at someone
pidigalzowôgan a confession; an
pidmowa shoot a bow at someone; they
entrance
shoots a bow or slingshot at someone
pidigamek one enters
pidigat one who enters
pigd- spurt, puff
pidigatôzik one puts something in
pidigatôzo it is put inside
pigdi break wind
pidigato put inside; they puts
pigdimek one breaks wind
something inside
pigdit one who breaks wind
pidinôgan pl pidinôganal a sleeve
pigdo they breaks wind
pidkazawôzik one loads a gun
pigdoan pl pigdoanak a puffball, it
pidkazawa load a gun; they loads a gun
puffs
pidkazawamek one loads a gun
pigjiazi break wind
pidkazawan load it
pigjiazimek one breaks wind
272
pigjiazo they breaks wind
piges pl pigesak a spade playing card pikôg- crooked, bent
<Fr. Pique
pigs pl pigsak a pig <Eng. pigs
pikôgôbaga it is a crooked lake
pigsi-wpigasen a pork chop
pikôgenômek one bends someone
pigsibemi pig fat, lard
pikôgenôzik one bends something
pigsigamigw pl pigsigamigol a hog pen
pikôgena bend someone; they bends
pigsichi pl pigsichial pig feces someone
pigsijo pl pigsijoal a pig feeding trough pikôgenem bend something; they bends
pigsinawôgan pl pigsinawôganal something
mumps, state of making (jaws) like a pig pikôgigen it is crooked
pigsiya bacon; pork pikôgihla it goes crooked, gets bent, it
pigweskw pl pigweskol decayed wood, is crooked
spunk pikôgosa they or it goes bending, it
pihan pl pihanak a rope, a cord bends, they bends, they makes a curved
turn
pihanis pl pihanisak a small rope, a
snare, pl reins pikôgosamek one goes bending, bends,
makes a curved turn
pikôgosat one who walks in a curve,
pij- (pid-) put in, fill goes crooked
pikôgtegw pl pikôgtegol a crooked
pijenôgan pl pijenôganal a pouch, river
what something is put in pikôn pl pikônal a string
pijenômek one fills a pipe pikônis pl pikônisal a little string
pijena fill; they fills someone pikônowik stringy thing (as meat)
pijena wdodamôgana they fills her
pipe
pika- fold, double
pijenawômek one fills someone a pipe
for someone
pijenawa fill for someone; they fills for pikadalmegos folded or puckered
someone person

pijenazi fill your own pipe

pijenazimek one fills their own pipe pikag- cross, make a crossing
pijenazo they fills her own pipe
273
pikagôbia paddle across; they paddles pikagaoldimek people cross
across pikahigan pl pikahiganal a fold, pleat,
pikagôbiamek one paddles across or pucker
pikagôkasmi swims across pikahigawôgan pl pikahigawôganal
puckering (pleating) machine
pikagôkasmimek one swims across
pikamalki cross by stepping on
pikagôkasmo they swims across
something
pikagômek one crosses
pikamalkimek one crosses by stepping
pikagôt one who crosses on something
pikagôtagta it is a string crossing pikamalko they crosses by stepping on
Pikaga cross, go across; they crosses, something
Pico Mountain, VT pikawagnômek one folds someone
pikagaôgwijimek one swims across pikawagnôzik one folds something
pikagaôgwijo they swims across pikawagna fold; they folds someone
pikagaômek one crosses pikawagnem fold something; they folds
pikagaôzokamek one crosses on foot something

pikagaôzokawadimek where people pikawagniga he folds, pleats, or

cross on foot; a crossing place (where puckers
water is shallow) pikawagnigan a folding machine, the
pikagaakwtahigan pl action of folding
pikagaakwtahiganal the crossing stick pikawakta it is folded, pleated
(the fall stick, a weighted log used in a
pikawiwi in a folded manner, in a
deadfall trap)
folded condition, double
pikagaakwtôzik one puts a log down to
pikawnôzik one folds something
cross on
pikawnem fold something; they folds
pikagaakwto put a log down to cross
something
on; they puts a log down to cross on
pikawtahômek one bends something
pikagahlômek one goes or flies across
double or someone over by striking
pikagahla go or fly across; they goes or
pikawtaha they bends something; they
flies across
doubles someone over by striking
pikagalômsen it blows across, a cross
wind
pikagamek one crosses pikw- open, hollow; blow; erode,
lose a piece
pikaganigamek one crosses over a river
or an island

274
pikwôgan pl pikwôganal a flute, a pikwdanem open something; they
horn, a moose calling horn, a hollow or opens something
blown instrument pikwdanemawômek one opens
pikwôganisal honeysuckle, little horns, something for someone
little whistles, Lonicera canadensis and pikwdanemawa one something for
L. villosa someone; they opens something for
pikwônsôgan pl pikwônsôganal someone
trimming
pikwamek one blows something from pil- new, strange, different, foreign
the mouth
pikwa blow something; they blows
something pilôbid pl pilôbidal a false tooth
pikwaôk eroding sand pilôtloka tell a strange story; they tells a
strange story
pikwaazimek one wears away, erodes
pilôtlokamek one tells a strange story
pikwaazo they or it wears away, erodes
pilôtlokat pl pilôtlokajik a storyteller
pikwagen it is hollow
pilaskw pl pilaskol paper, a new leaf
pikwagi a hollow-sounding land
pilaskwi-môni pl pilaskwi-mônial a
pikwagit a hollow one, one who is
bank-note
hollow
pilaskwibaks pl pilaskwibaksal a
pikwago they is hollow within
paper box
pikwakwazimek one sounds hollow,
pilaskwigan wallpaper
makes a hollow noise
pilaskwiganinoda pl
pikwakwazi they makes a hollow
pilaskwiganinodaal a shot pouch, a
sound
papering bag
pikwawôgan blowing
pilaskwinoda pl pilaskwinodaal a
pikwawômek one blows an instrument paper bag
for someone
pildotôgwat the news, it sounds new
pikwawa blow an instrument for
pildowi different, new
someone; he blows an instrument for
someone pildowiôjmowôgan a new story, a new
history
pikwawit one who blows an instrument
for me or us pildowinôgwak something that looks
new or strange
pikwdaham insert something
pildowipi eat something different
pikwdanôzik one opens something

275
pildowipimek one eats something pilowaloka work different, do different
different work; they works differently; they does
different work
pildowipo they eats something different
pilowalokamek one works differently;
pili new
one does different work
piligaden a new year
pilowatoimek one that is different
pilikisos the new moon
pilowatoo it is different
pilka do new work; they does new work
pilowatsit pl pilowatsijik it dyes
pilkamek one does new work differently
pilkamigwzowôgan newness pilowatsta it is a different color
pilkawôgan new working; clearing land pilowawakakhômek one uses
pilki new land something differently

pilkika sow anew; they plants a new pilowawakakha use something

crop differently; they uses something
differently
pilkikamek one plants a new crop
pilowi different, strange
pilkikan a new planting
pilowia it is strange
pilkimisi pl pilkimisiak a box elder,
new land tree, Acer negundo pilowias a stranger, a strange person

pilowôdokamek one tells it differently pilowigaden a new year

pilowôdwa they speaks a new pilowigek what is different

language; they pronounces a language pilowigen it is different
differently
pilowihla it goes differently, it goes in a
pilowôdwamek one speaks a different different way
language; one pronounces the same
pilowiki pl pilowikial a different land
language differently
pilowilômsen it blows differently (the
pilowôndegw pl pilowôndegok,
wind changes direction or intensity)
pilowôndegwal a wig
pilowinôgwak pl pilowinôgwakil the
pilowaga pl pilowagak a stranger
different looking thing
pilowagisgat it is different weather, the
pilowinôgwzikhômek one makes
weather changes
someone up, causing someone to appear
pilowalômimek one pronounces new
differently
pilowinôgwzikha make someone up;
pilowalômo they pronounces differently they makes someone up, causes them
appear different

276
pilowiozi change self pilsigek what is numb, a numb thing
pilowiozimek one changes oneself pilsigen it is numb
pilowiozo they changes herself pilsigid one who is numb
pilowi pazaakw pl pilowi pazaakok a pilsigo they is numb
red pine, Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana piltal pl piltalal lead
pilowipi eat something different
pilowipimek one eats something pim- (pem-) twisting
different
pilowipo they eats something different
pimakwhômek one twists someone
pilowi podawazimek one councils
with a stick
differently
pimakwhôzik one twists something
pilowisisekw pl pilowisisegol a mask, a
with a stick
different face
pimakwha twist with a stick; they
pilowitôzik one makes something
twists someone with a stick
differently
pimakwha pihana they twists a rope
pilowitôzo it is made differently
with a stick
pilowito make differently; they makes
pimakwham twist something with a
something differently
stick; they twists something with a stick
pilowiwi differently
pimakwham madagen they twists a
pilowiwihla nickname, name someone hide with a stick
differently
pimakwhigan pl pimakwhiganal a
pilowiwiswôgan pl pilowiwiswôganal stick for twisting something
a nickname, a different naming
pimihlômek one becomes twisted
pilowiwitôzik one call something
pimihla they or it become twisted
differently (uses a different names for
something) piminigan pl piminiganal an auger,
gimlet, a twisting by hand implement
pilowiwitam call something differently;
they calls something differently (calls pimiziknigan pl pimizikniganal a
something by another name) withe, a twist-binding implement
pilowosaimek one changes pimiziknigawôgan act of twisting or
binding something (as with a withe)
pilowosao they changes
pimnigan a gimlet
pimskosa turn aside route; leave the
pils- numb path; they turns aside from her route;
they leaves the path

277
pimskosamek one turns aside from a pimskwidahômdowôgan putting aside
route; one leaves a path a thought
pimskowakinômek one wrings pimskwihlômek one turns aside; one
someone out with a twist turns off the trail
pimskowakinôzik one wrings pimskwihla they turns aside; they turns
something out with a twist off trail
pimskowakina wring out with a twist; pimskwitan a turning aside current, a
they wrings someone out with a twist current going away from the main
current
pimskowakina wôbaksa they wrings
out a shirt with a stick pimskwiwi obliquely, aside
pimskowakinem wring something out pinagel vinegar <Eng. vinegar or Fr.
with a twist; they wrings something out Vinaigre
with a twist pinageli-kwatis pl pinageli-kwatisak
the vinegar-cruet
pimskw- put aside pinagelinebi pl pinagelinebial vinegar
water; sap of yellow birch
pins pl pinsak a pin <Eng. Pins
pimskwadôzik one puts something
aside pinso pl pinsoak a shilling, a franc, ten
pence <Eng. Pence
pimskwadôzo it is aside
pipajitbihla really happen
pimskwada put aside
pipdakw a low haze
pimskwadam put something aside; they
puts something aside pipdakwihla a low haze forms
pimskwagan putting aside, putting pipinawjakôgan pl pipinawjakôganal
away a mirror
pimskwaka throw aside; they throws pipzawas pl pipzawazak a firefly
something or someone aside pis pl pisal a pea <Eng. peas, pease
pimskwakamek one throws something pisôbo pl pisôboal pea soup
or someone aside
pimskwawagnowômek one pinches
someone pit- double; froth
pimskwawagnowa pinch someone;
they pinches someone pitah foam, froth
Pimskwawagnowat pl pitahdonahla they froths at the mouth
Pimskwawagnowajik The Pincher, a
pitahibagw pl pitahibagol foamy lake
mythological underwater creature

278
pitahla become foamy pitawsa take the parallel route; they
goes on a second parallel route
pitahoo it is foamy
pitawsamek one goes on a second
pitam foam
parallel route
pitaosa double over; they goes double
Pitawskog Champ, the double or
pitaosamek one doubles over, goes between snake, the Lake Champlain
double Monster
pitawskwa the inner layers of birch
pitaw- between bark
pitawskwebi pl pitawskwebial water
between layers of ice
pitawôwdi pl pitawôwdial a double
road, two roads side by side, a highway pithômkitan alluvium, the silt brought
onto land by river flooding
pitawabimek one sits between
pitkôzon pl pitkôzonal a coat, a jacket,
pitawabo they sits between an added layer
pitawada it is in layers , it is piled up or pitogan pl pitoganal it is in layers, pl
doubled the pages of a book
Pitawbagw loc Pitawbagok Lake pitogwônsôgan pl pitogwônsôganal a
Champlain and Lake George, NY, the lining of a garment; a double layer
lake between lake (lake between the
Adirondacks and Green Mountains and pitonômek one splits in two halves
the Mohawk and Abenaki), double lake pitonôzik one splits in two halves
(in reference to Lake George being
pitona split in two halves; they splits
considered the other half of the same
someone in two
lake to the Abenaki)
pitonem split something; they splits
Pitawbagwisibo the Richelieu River,
something
between, double lake river
pitoniga make splints; they is splitting
pitawbi pl pitawbial the water between
(basket splints)
layers of ice
pitonigamek one is splitting (making
pitawigen it is between, a place
basket splints)
between things
pitawinosis pl pitawinosisak great
grandchild, a double grandchild pitt- much, very; on mistake, an
pitawiwlôgan a plate on top of another error
pitawiwi between, something done
between pitta very much, great

279
pittôlo pl pittôloak cougar, mountain piwôkizos waning moon, when the
lion, panther, great tail moon gets smaller
pitta kazalmômek one loves someone piwômka it is fine sand; it is fine
very much grained
pittahômek one hits someone by piwômkasiwan fine salt, a grain of salt
accidently piwaahwip pl piwaahwipal a small
pittahôzimek one hits oneself pith
accidentally piwaahwipa it is a small pith
pittahôzo they hits herself accidentally piwaaskeda it shrinks drying in heat
pittahô they hits someone by accident piwadegwahôzik one does fine
pittenômek one takes someone by beadwork
accident piwadegwaha they works with small
pittenôzik one takes something by beads
accident piwagen a small blanket
pittenôzo it is accidentally taken piwakwat small stick, pencil
pittena accidentally take someone; they piwalema make someone small by
takes someone by accident thinking or wishing
pittenem they takes something by piwalemezi make self small by wishing
accident
piwalsowôgan making one small by
pittenôgan pl pidenôganal something wishing
taken by mistake
piwi small, fine, thin
pittezozimek one cuts oneself by
accident piwidôzo it is made small

pittezozo they cuts herself by accident piwidahôma consider small

piwidahômezit one who considers
themself small
piw- small, fine, little
piwigwen it is small
piwihozi be humble
piwôba pl piwôbak a little man
piwihozwôgan humility, making self
piwôbaimek one is a small man small
piwôbao he is a small man piwitema it is low water, it is shallow
piwôdwa speak softly water
piwôdwamek one speaks softly or piwkika make a small planting
quietly (literally speak small) piwkikan a small planting

280
piwsao it is getting smaller pizilasob pea-soup
piwsessek that which is small, a small piziwadoik useless, void, futile thing
thing piziwadoit useless, void, futile one
piwsessek nebizonkikôn a small
garden
pizw- automatic, for no reason
piwsessen it is small
piwsessiijik alemossak little dogs
pizwôgwidwôgan a wilderness
piwsessit small one, a baby
settlement
piwsesso they is small
pizwôjmimek one lies, says something
piwtôgwat it sounds small, a weak unimportant
sound
pizwôjmowôgan lying, telling tall tales
piwtaga it (a string-like thing) is thin
pizwôjemowinno pl
piwtaghaga thin waisted pizwôjemowinnoak teller of lies or
piwtetek pl piwtetekil a twig fiction, , storyteller

piyo pl piyoak a log <Fr. billot (de pizwôjmowôgan lying

sciage) pizwôkwidwôgan false accusation
pizwadoo it is good for nothing
piz- (bez-) useless, unimportant, pizwadoik worthless thing, it is
wild worthless
pizwadoik alokawôgan useless work, a
fruitless labor
pizôn pl pizônal a diaper
pizwadoit nodalokat a heartless
servant
pizag- (pezag-) bushy pizwagamigw uninhabitable country,
the wilderness, also a storied land of big
animals
Pizaga Mount Pisgah, Conn.
pizwagamigwinno wilderness person,
it is bushy, thick woody growth
barbarian
Pizagatakwa Piscataqua River, NH,
pizwagamigwialnôba pl
meaning dark forest
pizwagamigwialnôbak a wilderness
Pizagatakwais Piscataquis, Maine, Indian, an uncivilized Indian
meaning at the small dark forest
pizwagamigwiawaas pl
Pizagatekok Piscataquog, NH, meaning pizwagamigwiawaazak a wild animal
at the dark river
pizakiasi go into bushes
281
pizwagamigwipitôlo pl pizwitôgwzowôgan useless talking,
pizwagamigwipitôloak a wilderness cackling
lion pizwiwi uselessly, good for nothing
pizwagamigwigwigwigem pl pizwosamek one goes for nothing,
pizwagamigwigwigwigemok a wild make a useless trip
duck
pkahigan pucker
pizwagamigwinebesis pl
pizwagamigwinebesisal a little pkahla becomes folded, pleated,
wilderness pond puckered

pizwakamigwinidazo pl pkalagenigan pl pkalageniganal

pizwakamigwinidazoak a domestic crooked knife, take off peeling by hand
animal gone wild tool

pizwakamek one throws for nothing, pkennôjo a birchbark pail

throws uselessly
pizwakan throwing for nothing pkwa- peel (bark), wear away,
pizwakannimek one makes a useless remove a part
trip, travels for nothing
pizwagizôzik one reads for nothing pkwaômkihla sand runs down
pizwagizo they reads for nothing pkwabagôik the lake or basin formed
pizwaloka work for nothing, work by a river widening
uselessly; they works for nothing pkwabaga lake or basin formed by a
pizwalokamek one works for nothing river widening
pizwat good for nothing pkwadabaga it is a bay or wide place
formed in a river by erosion on one side
pizwi futile, senseless
pkwadabaga a bay in a river formed by
pizwigek pl pizwikwkil a wild plant,
erosion on one side
not sown
pkwagen it is something with a piece
pizwihla go for nothing
missing
pizwiklozowôgan vain talk
pkwagit one with a piece missing
pizwilaldam think uselessly, think for
pkwahômek one is peeled or skinned
no purpose
pkwahôbi pl pkwahôbial head strap
pizwimenahan pl pizewimenahanol a
for carrying a canoe, a removable cord
useless island
pkwahôt one who peels
pizwinebes useless pond, a pond
without fish or beaver pkwaha remove, take away something;
they removes, takes away (bark)

282
pkwahaol spruce or elm bark canoe pkwazigan pl pkwaziganak bread;
sliced bread
pkwahigan pl pkwahiganal a bark
peeling tool, thing taken off pkwedamômek one uncorks, unseals,
opens someone
pkwahla a piece comes out of
something pkwedamegwes a clam, the opened one
pkwahlasen a piece out of a stone, a pkwedanômek open someone
removed stone pkwedanôzik one opens something
pkwaholagw pl pkwaholagol a pkwedanem open something; they
temporary bark boat opens something
pkwaiwi having a piece taken out pkwedanemawômek one opens
pkwakhigan pl pikwahiganal a large something for someone
chip pkwedanemawa open it for someone
pkwedatahômek one breaks something
pkwam- ice open
pkwedataham break open something;
they breaks something open
pkwamhô ice hunt
pkwedona sit with mouth open; they
pkwamhômek one ice hunts; hunting
sits with mouth open
beaver on first ice
pkwedonamek one sits with mouth
pkwamhadin gathering maple sap time
open
pkwamhiga gather maple sap
pkwesagahigan pl pkwesagahiganal a
pkwamhigamek one gathers maple sap key, an opener
pkwamhigan pl pkwamhiganal an ice pkwigwahigamek one peels bark
chisel
pkwigwahigat one who peels bark
pkwami pl pkwamiak ice, an icicle; pl
pkwigwahigawôgan the action of
icicles
peeling bark, a bark peeling instrument
pkwamoo icy
pkwigwana peel bark; turn the pages of
pkwan it peels a book; they peels bark; they turns the
pkwanôjo pl pkwanôjoal a birch bark pages of a book
pail
pkwatôzik one removes, peels, shears pla delay, take one's time, wait,
something pause
pkwato remove, peel, shear; they
removes, peels, or shears

283
Plachmôn pl Plachmônak a pmôjaa when I begin
Frenchman, <Eng. Frenchman pmôjaan when you begin
Plachmônôdwa speak French pmôjemin talk while moving along
Plachmônimakwbagak French wine pmôkaa hill place, along the river bank
Plachmôniodana pl Plachmôniodanaal (as seen from the river)
a French village pmômahla run by, run along
Plachmôniwi in the French manner, Pmômanosek Ompompanoosuc River,
especially in the French language VT, fishing place
Plachmônki France, Frenchman's land pmômkihla it becomes sandy; the sand
plagjagigek a wound or sore gets fine
plak pl plakal a plaque <Fr. and Eng. pmômpto they leaves a trail along, they
Plaque makes tracks
plamanni hold on, wait, slow down pmôpônsen snow drifts, piles up
around, a snowdrift
planigw pl planigwak a flying squirrel,
a delaying squirrel pmôpakosatiga they lines a canoe,
tows a canoe along from the shore
Plasoa Francis
pmôpakosatigan lining a canoe, towing
plastik plastic <Eng. plastic or Fr.
it from the shore with a line
Plastique
pmôtabi rest sitting
platistô pl platistôk a Prostestant <Fr.
Prostestant pmôwzi live, be alive
platta delay, pause pmôwzihla continue living
Plawinno the Turtle Clan, the delaying pmôwzikha make live
person (tutelary animal of the Sokwakis) pmôwzikhodwôgan vivification,
plejes pl plejesal a pair of breeches, causing life to be
pants, trousers pmôwzikhozi cause self to live in a
plochiwi quickly certain way
ploti quick (slang for vagina) pmôwzoit a living one, a living person
pmôwzosa go on living, be alive, live
pm- (pam-) during, when, where, pmôwzowôgan life
along, throughout, this, continue pmôwzowikhozi make self live, restore
self to life
pmôbagna lead someone by the hand pmôwzowinno pl pmôwzowinnoak a
living person, a person
pmôgwa lie down, be lying down

284
pmôwzowinnowihlôa when I make pmakadak what burns along, freely
myself human there is a forest fire somewhere
pmôwzowinnowiponzimek one pmakanni travel along, about; travel (in
changes self into a human being, makes general)
self human pmakannikhozi make self travel; travel
pmôwzowinnowiponzo they changes pmakannimek one travels
herself into a human
pmakannowôgan pl
pmakannowôganal a travel, a trip, a
pma- on the side, to the side voyage
pmakannowinno a traveler
pmada it is inclined, it is leaning over pmakasin he lies stretched out; he lies
to the side here and there
pmadaôbi look around wide-eyed, pmakasmi swim along
open-eyed pmakawinno pl pmakawinnoak a
pmaden mountain place, mountain traveler, working along person
range pmakikôn pl pmakikônal a field of
pmadenasin drag it along cultivation or haymaking
pmadeniga many mountains extending, pmakikan proceeding to sow
mountain country pmaksi a sail
pmadonasin he looks around for pmaksimek one sails
someone
pmaksowôgan sailing
pmagôlibo he moves along with the
herd pmakwiga place where trees grow up

pmagaa sloping ground pmaloka work around, work here and

there
pmagwaan it floats
pmanhi wander homeless, having no
pmagwamo they sticks to something fixed home
pmagwao they floats pmapska rocky place, rocky area or
pmagwida he swims around, along region
pmagwsin he lies straight (as a log), he Pmapskadena Mt. Ascutney, VT, it is a
lies extended rocky mountain place, where there is a
rocky mountain
pmaiwi on the side of something, on the
side of the body pmasin he lies on his side
pmakada it burns along pmaskadamômek one grazes

285
pmaskadama graze, feed along on pmegisgat it is bad weather somewhere
grass pmelômsen it moves along by a breeze
pmaskika place of much grass, a grassy pmelôn it rains somewhere in the
area distance
pmasokwat the cloud spreads, the pmelodigan pl pmelodiganal a fence
cloud gets bigger
pmelodiganakwam pl
pmawikhowa he walks ahead (of his pmelodiganakwamal fence rail
followers, of the herd)
pmenasin drag it along the ground
pmegômek one dances
pmeniga carry something
pmega dance; they dances
pmenigan carrying something
pmegai lintowôgan a ballad, a dance
song pmesakwa walks on an edge, walk a
tightrope or on a fence
pmegaiki pl pmegaikial dance ground
pmesin they lies on the ground
pmegakha make dance
pmegakki pl pmegakkial a scab
pmi- (pami-) during, around
pmegaosa walk dancing; they dances as
about, along, by, here and there
they walks along
pmegaosamek one dances while
walking along pmiôpskwada there are whirlpools
about
pmegawôgan dancing, a dance
pmibiawôgan an oar
pmegawinno a dancer
pmibiawôgan pl pmibiawôganal an
pmejinibaga it is a fork of a river or
oar, paddling along instrument
lake
pmichemen pl pmichemenok
pmejinibagw a forked river or lake
crosspiece of a snowshoe or canoe
pmejinosa walk sideways; they walks
pmidoo they flies about
sideways
pmigôbi stand around, walk idly; plants
pmejinosamek one walks sideways
grow around
pmejinsahigan pl pmejinsahiganal the
pmigai lintowôgan ballad
side logs of a fire
pmigam pass by something
pmekhadimek a dance, people dance
pmigeda jump around
pmekhadin dancing time
Pmigejinpobizit the Butt Traveler, he
pmekhozi limp
travels on his buttocks, name of
pmekhozimek one limps, is lame Odzihozo before shaping his legs

286
pmigen it grows pmimahagenait one who collects, a
collector
pmigwagiadôt one who bleeds along,
bleeds traveling along pmimahagenao they collects
pmigwahlôt what rolls by or winds pmimanosak they starve around there,
around something hard time place
pmigwahla he or it rolls by, winds pmipobizi travel about or along
around something pmipodan it slides around
pmigwedo pry something open pmipsôn a snow shower in the distance
pmigwzi crawl around pmipto snatch something along, carry
pmigwzihla go crawling around something along fast
pmigwzimek one crawls pmitôgwak it is heard about, it is
rumored
pmihlôk what flies, it flies
pmitan it goes with the current
pmihla fly around or goes by
pmitassin he falls down here and there
pmihlodawa run around after someone,
(as a drunken man)
pursue someone
pmitodosa they walks by
pmijawa accompany someone around
pmitojihla they or it passes by
pmiwapanka continue making trouble
pmiji- on the side, to the side
pmiwassen an aura, it glows, reflects,
shines about, a halo
pmijiibia paddle sidewise (on account
pmiwi here and there, around about
of wind)
pmizisa they walks here and there
Pmijijoasek Pemigewasset River, NH,
where side (entering) current is pmmakaa slanting ground
pmijin an angle pmoala he walks carrying, he carries
especially on back
pmijinôgama pl pmijinôgamal a lake
to the side pmoda carries something on his back,
he packs something
Pmijinibagw Crotched Lake in the
Adirondacks, a lake at right angles to a pmodanao it is a scattered group of
river, a lake to the side of the route houses, it is a scattered village
pmijwabi sell here and there, peddle pmodat one who carries something on
their back, a backpacker
pmikhassimek one digs, explores,
searches pmodawôgan backpacking
pmimahagenaimek one collects pmodhadin people walking together

287
pmokwabi sit here and there pmowihlak they go together
Pmola Pmola, mythical flying creature, pnegôkihlasis pl pnegôkihlasisak a
he goes flying; a kite bank swallow
pmosôldiakw we go together, lover,
sweetheart poda- blow (as air or water)
Pmosôldoigizokw Valentine's day
pmosa walk along
podaôzik what one blows
pmosadôzik one brings or carries
podaba pl podabak a whale, the
something along
blower
pmosado carry something, bring
podawôgan pl podawôganal a bellows
something along
podawa they blows
pmosalômek one travels with someone,
carries someone along
pmosala he travels with someone, podawaz- talk over, confer,
carries someone, brings someone along council
pmosalgoakw one, those, or that which
leads you all podawazin there is a council, holding a
pmosaljimek one pretends, carries council
something along podawazwigamigw pl
pmosaljit one who pretends, a podawazwigamigol a council house
pretender podawazwiskweda pl
pmosamek one walks along podawazwiskwedaal a council fire
pmosaimek one moves along, podawazoak they confer, discuss as in
progresses, passes on a family, talk it over
pmosao they moves along, progresses, podawazwôgan pl podawazwôganak a
passes council
pmosatwinno pl pmosatwinnoak a podawazwinno pl podawazwinnoak a
walker, person who walks councilor, member of a council
pmosawôgan walking podawawôgan blowing, act of blowing
pmosawinno pl pmosawinnoak a podin pl podinak pudding, <Eng.
walking person Pudding
pmowamômek one rides on back of
person or horse or other animal pok- short
pmowama carry someone

288
pokhamenes pl pokhamenesak bittern, Pokwisazena Akwesasne, it makes a
a small heron, Botaurus stellaris short cry (Abenaki folk etymology of
Mohawk name Akwesasne)
pokwitagwôgoo the beginning of the
pokja- sting, prick, pierce
fall season
pokwiwi a short ways, for a short way,
pokjahigan pl pokjahiganal a needle, a partly
piercer, a pricking or sticking instrument
pokwiwsi a little short way
pokjanakw a stump
pokwjanakw pl pokwjanakol a stump,
pokjanaliwika stumpy a made-short-tree
pokjinskwas a jug pokwjanakwika among the stumps
pokjatahôt one who pricks, stings, jabs pokwjasakw pl pokwjasakol a part of
someone a log or piece of a down tree
pokjawa sting, prick something Pokwjimen the name of small
pokjawaik pl pokjawaikil what stings, supernatural creatures
pricks, pierces, the thing that pricks pokwjinskwas pl pokwjinskwazak
pokjawat pl pokjawajik one who pitcher plant, a jug, Saracenia purpurea
sticks or stings someone pokwskwawat one who breaks up, he
poklônsk a pitchy knot breaks up

Pokwômtegw Pocumtuck, Mass, very pokwta pl pokwtaal a firebrand

low river pokwtaham shorten by striking
pokwasimon pl pokwasimonak a polis pl polisal bowl or cup <Fr. Bol
pillow
polsowa pl polsowak boss, master, <Fr.
pokwi short in length Bourgeois
pokwia it is short, a piece polwa escape, run away, flee; they
pokwigen it is short escapes

pokwigesit a short one polwagadamôt pl polwagadamôjik

one who escapes, an escapee
pokwihla they is short; become short
polwakadamômek one escapes from
pokwijabi sit low on ground in position something
of fatigue or defeat
polwakha save someone, help to escape
pokwilawa belch
Polwakhowawôgan The Redemption
pokwimôlikihla a short barrel
Polwakhowawinno The Savior, Jesus
Christ

289
polwakhozimek one saves oneself, ponamazimek one sets traps
escapes on their own ponamazo they sets traps
polwaligwa escape crawling, escape ponami spend the winter somewhere
stealthily
ponamit one who spends the winter,
polwamek one flees one who overwinters
polwat one who runs away, he runs ponawôgamek one goes winter
away trapping
polwawôgan salvation, escaping, ponazi place self, change self into
saving, running away something
pon winter ponazimek one puts self somewhere, or
changes self into something
pon- set, place; abandon, put ponemawômek one puts or places
away, leave, free something for someone
poni wintery weather
ponômek one puts or places someone poniadôzik one leaves, abandons, puts
something away
ponômek adali nanawôbit one places a
guard on patrol poniado leave, abandon, put something
away; they leaves, abandons or puts
ponôzik one puts or places something
something away
pona place, put, set something; set as a
ponialôt one who releases, or abandons
trap
her
ponaadekw pl ponaadegol the setting
Ponialakws North Star, winter star
stake for a trap
ponialdowôgan freeing, releasing
ponaka release, loose, fire; they
releases or looses ponialego stop going downstream
ponakamek one releases or loosing an ponidahômômek one stops thinking
arrow about someone
ponamawômek one replaces something ponidahôdam stop thinking of
for someone something, forget about something
ponamawa replace something for ponidahômit one who stops thinking
someone; they places or set something about me
for someone (such as a trap) ponidahômok the one I stop thinking
ponamawok one who I place something about
for ponidahôzi stop thinking about
ponamazi set traps something

290
ponidahôzimek one stops thinking
about something poskenômek one buries someone
ponidahôzo they stops thinking about poskena bury someone; they buries
something someone
poniwi in winter poskenigan pl poskeniganal a coffin, a
ponki ôgwses pl ponki ôgwsesak a burying thing
northland fox poskeniganigo a cemetery, a forest of
Ponki Alakws the North Star, Polaris, coffins (as in the old scaffold burials in
winter land star trees)
ponki awasos pl ponki awasosak a
polar bear, a northland bear poskw- sever, break
ponki the north, the winter land
ponki mkazas pl ponki mkazasak a
poskwôgem pl poskwôgemak a broken
raven, a northern crow
snowshoe frame
ponsôzik one heats something
poskwawômek they breaks up someone
ponsôzo a fire is kept, it is being heated
poskwawa break up someone; they
ponsa make a fire, tend a fire; they breaks up someone
makes a fire, tends a fire
poskwawa pkwamia they breaks up
ponsamek one makes, or tends a fire; the ice
keeping, fire making
poskwawa they breaks up something
ponsat a fire-maker, a fire keeper
poskwejôlaazômek one cuts, or cuts off
ponsawôgan the act of making and their nose
keeping fire, fire-making
poskwejagtagawa strike breaking all
ponsawinno pl ponsawinnoak a fire- up, into rubbish, smash all up
keeper, Lake Bomoseen
poskwelômsek what is broken by the
popokwa pl popokwal cranberry plant wind, thing broken by wind
popokwaimen pl popokwaimenal a poskwelômsen it breaks by wind
cranberry
poskwelegwana break a wing
popokwamozi pl popokwamozial
poskwenômek one breaks someone by
cranberry bush
hand
Popokwanebes Cranberry Lake, New
poskwenôzik one breaks something by
York
hand
poskwena break someone; they breaks
posk- bury someone

291
poskwenem break something; they poskwikawô they breaks someone with
breaks something her feet; they infringes, transgresses on
someone
poskwezômek one cuts someone with a
knife poskweljahôzimek one cuts off their
own hand
poskwezôzik one cuts something with a
knife poskweljahôzo they cuts off her own
hand
poskwezôzo they or it is cut
poskwinômek one is broken, broken
poskweza cut someone with a knife
down
poskwezem cut something with a knife
poskwina they or it is broken or broken
poskwia a cut-off piece, part of a longer down
piece
poskwipedinôzik one’s arm is cut off
poskwigo they is broken transversely;
poskwipedina her arm is cut off
they is hunchbacked
poskwipedinatasimek one breaks an
poskwihôzik one infringes or
arm falling
transgresses on something
poskwipedinataso they breaks her arm
poskwihla it becomes broken or broken
falling
down, they breaks down
poskwipedinazôzik one cuts off
poskwikôd pl poskwikôdal a broken
someone's arm
leg
poskwipedinaza cut off someone's arm;
poskwikôda he is broken, cut off in the
they cuts off someone’s arm
leg
poskwita break by striking, cut as with
poskwikôdalômek one breaks
an axe
someone's leg
poskwitahômek one cuts someone as
poskwikôdala break someone's leg
with an axe
poskwikôdatahômek one breaks
poskwitahôzik one cuts something as
someone's leg by hitting
with an axe
poskwikôdataha break someone's leg
poskwizômek one cuts someone with a
by hitting
knife
poskwikôdazôzik one breaks or cuts off
poskwizimek one cuts
another's leg
poskwizikibalômek one's neck
poskwikôdaza break or cut off
becomes broken
another's leg; they cuts off someone’s leg
poskwizikibasimek one has their chin
poskwikawômek one breaks someone
on their chest
with feet; one infringes, transgresses on
someone poskwizo they cuts

292
poskwkôzik one infringes, transgresses psagahigawôgan making a ditch
on something psagaigan pl psakaiganal a ditch
potôiya pl potôiyak a bottle <Fr. psagazigan a furrow
Bouteille
psagwdamen pl psagwdamenak
potôiyaiya bottle material, a piece of a blackberries
bottle
potôwigen it is protuberant (swelling or
bulging out) psah- smell
potin pl potinak blood sausage <Fr.
boudin, black pudding, saucisse psaha smell her; he or they smells
pozawadasi load up (prepare to someone
embark) psahto smell something
pozawadasimek one loads up
pozawadaso they loads up psakw- shine, reflect light, flash
pozi embark
pozigeda jump into a canoe or boat psakwhlômek one shines
pozigedaoldin people jump into a canoe psakwhla shine; they or it shine
pozimek one embarks psakwhlak a phosphorescent thing, that
poztôzik one embarks which shines
poztasi load up psakwla it shines, it reflects light
psakwlaazimek one flashes
ps- numerous, several psakwlaazo it flashes, they flashes (said
of lightning)
psakwladôzik one polishes something
psô- snow
psakwladôzo it is polished
psakwladam polish something; they
psôk when if it snows polishes something
psôn it snows
psôngwata snow is deep psan- full
psônka when it will snow, when will it
snow
psanôgihla waxing, the moon is getting
psônkikôn pl psônkikônal a snowy
full
field
psanôgizo full-shaped moon
psônoso it snows a little
293
psanômkahômek one fills an object psanhozimek one fills self
with sand or fine gravel psanhozo they fills herself
psanôpônsen it is drifted full of snow psanigw pl psanigwak a gray or black
psanabo full, complete squirrel, the filled up face
psanaka fill by throwing; make a bed psanihlômek one becomes full
(as boughs thrown down to cover the psanihla they or it becomes full
floor); they makes a bed
psanilawômek one feels full; one feels
psanakamek one makes a bed; one fills satisfied
by throwing
psanilawa be satisfied, full; they feels
psanakan making a bed; filling by full; they feels satisfied
throwing
psanilawakôgan satisfaction
psanakwta it is full (said of something
solid like a chest, or wooden box); it is psanilawakôgwa what makes me
full of solid things (such as wood) satisfied

psanasokw complete cloud cover psanilawakôgwan what makes you

satisfied
psanasokwat it is completely cloudy
psanilawahômek one satisfies someone
psanba full of liquid
psanilawaha satisfy someone; they
psanbaatôzik one fills something with satisfies someone
water
psanilawatôzik one satisfies something
psanbaato fill something with water;
they fills something with water psanilawatôzik kadopwôgan one
satisfies hunger
psanbahlômek one becomes filled with
liquid psaniljômek one fills their hand or
hands
psanbahla become filled with liquid;
they or it become full of liquid psanilja fill your hands; they fills her
hands
psandonômek one fills the mouth
psaniwi fully, full of
psandona fill a mouth; they fills her
mouth psanjaghômek one stuffs, causes to be
full
psanham fill something; they fills
something psanjagha stuff full; they stuffs full;
they or it is stuffed full
psanhlômek one fills up with things
(not water) psantôzik one fills something

psanhla fill up with things, not with psantôzo it is filled

water psanta it is full
psanhozi fill self psantagta it is full of string
294
psantem pl psantemok parhelion, a sun psigena split something, divide
dog, literally a full relfection something; they divides or splits
something by hand
psanto fill something; they fills
something psighôzik one splits something
psigha split; they splits
psi- divide, open up, split psighakwa split wood
psigham split something; they splits
something
psialômek one splits opens, skins, and
dresses someone psighiga work at splitting
psiala split open, skin, and dress an psighigamek one works at splitting
animal psighigan pl psighiganal a wood
psiala awasosa they opens, skins and splitter, a maul, the action of splitting; a
dresses a bear split thing
psiatôzik one splits something open psigia it is a part, a piece, a half
(said of corn) psigihla it splits, opens, becomes split,
psiatôzi it is split open comes apart
psiatasimek skin or dress an animal psigwa it is split
psiatawômek open and dress an animal psigzôzo it is split by a knife or saw
psigaskinahla it becomes split; it psigza split something longitudinally,
cracks cut something in two by knife or saw
psigaskw pl psigaskol a board, a split psiko pl psikoak buffalo/bison
wood, pl. lumber, a floor psikoagen pl psikoagenol buffalo/bison
psigaskwôgan a sawmill, splitting hide
wood psikoallha pl pzikoallhaak a female
psigaskweda pl psigaskwedaal wood buffalo/bison
cracked or checked by drying psikokadnadokw a two year old
psigaskwikok on the floor, on the buffalo/bison
boards psikomakwsessis a buffalo/bison
Psigategw Piscataqua River, Maine, yearling
where the river divides psiktaômek one cleaves someone
Psigategwis Piscataquis River, Maine, psiktaôzik one cleaves something
at the little river branch
psiman pl psimanal the string framing
psigenôzik one splits or divides the inside of the front of a snowshoe
something by hand

295
psimen pl psimenal red currant, Ribes pskasa turn aside, turn off, leave the
sativum trail
psimenakwam pl psimenakwamak pskasamek one turns aside
currant bush, Ribes sativum pskasategw pl pskasategol a river one
psis pl psisak shiner, goldeneye turns off on; turn-off-river
psitakwôgan pl psidakwôganal a Pskasawanik Magog River,
mortar (stump of a hollowed out yellow Sherbrooke, Quebec, where one turns to
birch) used for grinding corn the side, turns off
psitamôn corn that has been pounded in pskassawôgan a deviation
a mortar Pskategw Scitico, CT, a branch river
pskategwa it is a branch river
pska- aside, branching off, to one pskatôzik one puts something aside
side
pskatôzo it is put aside
pskato put aside; they puts something
pskaôgama pl pskaôgamal a branch aside
lake, a side lake
Pskoak Pascoag, RI, the dividing place
pskaôtkwen pl pskaôtkwenol a branch
or bough of a tree
pskaabimek one moves over to the side pskwa- open, swell
while sitting
pskaaga put aside pskwagen it swells; it blooms
pskaaleswôgan benefice, a church pskwagenem make swell, stretch
rector
pskwagit swollen one, it swells
pskabaga it is a branch lake or side bay
pskwakidôzik one swells or stretches
pskada it is to the side, off the main (as leather)
route
pskwasawôn pl pskwasawônal a
pskagôbimek one stands aside, get out flower, opening one
of the way
pskwasawônimaahlakws pl
pskagda jump aside pskwasawônimaahlakwsak red ash,
pskaijoaso current branching off a little green ash, flowering black ash, Fraxinus
pennsylvanica
pskaiwes a little out of the way, a little
to the side pskwatawa a flower that is in bloom

pskaiwi aside, to one side, off the

traveled route pskwl- catch fire, ignite

296
 psohôzo patch her or it; they or it is
patched
pskwla ignite, catch fire, burn
psohiga patchwork; one works at
pskwladaha strike fire from flint and
patching
steel or fire stones
psohigan pl psohiganal a patch
pskwladahiga strike fire with flint and
steel or fire stones psolimen pl psolimenak chokeberry,
Aronia melanocarpa
pskwladahigan pl pskwladahiganal
fire making tool, flint and steel or fire psolimenakwam pl psolimenakwamak
stones chokeberry bush, Aronia melanocarpa
pskwlahazimek one flashes, becomes
ignited
S
pskwlahazo flash, flare up, becomes
ignited
sô <Eng. saint
pskwlahigan pl pskwlahiganal igniting
instrument, a match, flint and steel
pskwlahla it continues to ignite, it Sô Halônek Plattsburg, New York, at
catches in a new place, it heats (as a Saint Helen's
curing hide) Sô Plaswa Ksal Saint Francois-de-Sales
pskwlakwjak kindling material Sô Sozab Saint Joseph
pskwlamômek one makes fire with
something
sôb- (asôb-) through
pskwlanôzik one ignites a fire, one
kindles a fire
pskwlanômek one ignites, lights, or sôbôbo they sees through something
starts a fire sôbôlageso it is bored through from end
pskwlapodigamek one starts a fire by to end (as a pipe stem)
friction sôbôwzo they lives through something
pskwlapodiga start a fire by friction or a certain time

pskwlapodigan pl pskwlapodiganal sôbadam bite through something; they

bow drill, fire drill, fire making friction bites through something
instrument sôbaldam thinks something true; they
thinks something is true, believes
something
pso- patch
sôbamegwa it is transparent

psohôzimek one is patched

297
Sôbapskwa Split Rock, New York, on sôbiwi thoroughly, completely, honestly
Lake Champlain sôbiwiwhagak through the body
sôbaskidôba pl sôbaskidôbak a true sôbka go through, pass through
natured man, an honest man
sôbkam they goes through something
sôbaskidôbaiwi honestly, in the manner
of a true natured man sôbkamigwzowôgan trueness

sôbaskidôbao he is a true natured man, sôbkwao it is chopped through

he is honest sôboala pass someone through
sôbaskidôbawôgan honesty, true sôbosa go through
manliness
sôbosan a cutoff, a pass through, a
sôbasko they is of a true nature, they is going through
honest
sôbosao it goes through
Sôbaztegok Sebasticook Lake, Maine,
sôbotagawato make a hole through
short cut through the river place
something
sôbenôm he threads something, makes
it go through a needle
sôbezô they cuts through someone sôg- appear, sprout, emerge
sôbezem they cuts through something
sôbi true, honest sôga pl sôgak lobster, crab, crayfish

sôbitahôma don’t trust him; they sees sôgaosa they goes into hiding
through him sôgawi then, meanwhile
sôbi wabeskwa bubble bead for sôgawiwi meanwhile, then, then at that
ornamental trimming time
sôbi widôbait one who is a true friend sôgdahlôk mouth of a river, where or
sôbi wlômawaldak devout when it flows out

sôbihla go through Sôgdahlôk Saugatuck River, CT at the

outlet of the river
sôbikina look through
sôgdahla it flows out, empties (as a
sôbipegdaza smoke it through river into a lake)
(thoroughly)
sôginôgwses a miser, they is stingy
sôbitaha make a hole through
something; they strikes through sôginôgwzowôgan greed
something
sôbiwawaldam they knows something sôgl- tight, strong, sound, hard,
thoroughly difficult

298
 sôgmô pl sôgmôk chief, king
sôglôliageso it is hard packed snow sôgmôho be a chief
sôglôdam they is strong and old sôgmôiskwa pl sôgmôiskwak a chief's
wife
sôglôzit one who strengthens it, one
who becomes strong sôgmôka make a chief
sôglada it is tight sôgmôkaodin chief making time,
election time
sôgladema lace snowshoe tightly
sôgmôkaogômek chief making dance
sôglak it is hard, the hard thing
sôgmôkawipmekhadin doing the chief
sôglak wagin a strong wagon
making gathering
sôglakwam pl sôglakwamak a
sôgmôwôgan chiefship
hardwood tree
sôgmôwi saint
sôglakwamika it is a hardwood forest,
hardwood growth Sôgmôwi Mali The Holy Virgin (Mary)
sôglalôdam they is a strong breather, Sôgmôwi Maligwasihômek Honoring
can stay under water long Holy Mary
sôglalôwdisen it becomes a hard road Sôgmôwi Missal Kwasihômek Saint
Michael Mass day
sôglamalsowôgan health
Sôgmôwi Missalgwasihômek
sôglawaka it is hard, it is a difficult
Honoring St. Michael
situation
Sôgmôwi Pial St. Peter
sôgli solid; stout
Sôgmowipatlihôz a Bishop
sôglidahômezo they thinks herself to be
strong
sôgligôbi stand firm sôgn peace, tranquil, quiet,
sôglihla it becomes hard peaceful
sôglilawamezo talk to feel confident
sôglinodam he is hard of hearing sôgnaotta it is very quiet

sôgliplôzik when something caves in sôgnawôwzi live quietly, tranquilly

sôglisanoba a stout man sôgnawôwzowôgan tranquility, quiet

living
sôglizit one who is hard
sôgnawabi sit quietly, be quiet, stay
sôglizit wakôlihws a strong cart; wheel quiet
sôglizo they is strong, tough, robust sôgnawamto they is a quiet person, of a
sôglizwôgan hardness calm disposition

299
sôgnawbada the water is still, calm sôkhi approaching
sôgnawi quiet, peaceful, calm sôkhiagwdabiahla come paddling
upstream
sôgnawigôbi stand still, stand quiet
sôkhiagwdakanni come traveling
sôgnawigi be still, silent
upstream
sôgnawihlôk what becomes quiet, it
sôkhibenôdawa come climbing down
becomes quiet
sôkhibenigwahlôk it comes rolling
sôgnawihla become quiet, calm,
down, that which comes rolling down
peaceful
sôkhibenigwahla come down rolling
sôgnawipi eat peacefully
sôkhibenizôwôga come gliding
sôgnawitan a quiet current
(soaring) down
sôgnawobagtak the bay water is calm
sôkhibia approach paddling
sôgnawzi live peacefully
sôkhido come flying
sôgnawôwsowôgan tranquil living
sôkhigdokwasi approach with a cry,
sôgnawabit one who sits quietly come speaking
sôgnawidahôzwôgan good-nature, sôkhigdowigwahlôk what comes
calm, living in peace rolling down, it comes rolling down
sôkhigdowigwahla come sinking down
sôkh- approach rolling
sôkhigdowsa they comes down

sôkhôban the dawn comes, dawn is sôkhigdowsat one who comes down
coming, the whitening sôkhigek what emerges growing, it
sôkhômahla come running sprouts

sôkhadak what comes out, emerges sôkhigen it comes out, appears out of
something
sôkhakanni approach traveling
sôkhigwahlôk it comes rolling, what
sôkhakwijin approach swimming comes rolling
sôkhakwika the forest approaches, the sôkhigwahla come rolling
forest grows closer (to us)
sôkhigwzi approach crawling, come
sôkhamek that which appears, emerges crawling
sôkhanasi approach dragging sôkhigwzit pl sôkhigwzijik a child, pl.
sôkhanasimek one approaches children those who come crawling
dragging sôkhihlôt one who approaches
sôkhasokwat a cloud approaches sôkhihla approach flying, come rapidly

300
sôkhinaaihla come downstream,
approach coming downstream sôkwkwahiga ring a bell
sôkhipedgiakwedahla approach sôkwkwahigan pl sôkwkwahiganal a
returning upstream, come back upstream ringing instrument, a bell
sôkhipegdao smoke comes sôkwkwahiganipskwasawôn pl
sôkhipozimek one comes sliding or sôkwkwahiganipskwasawônal
ratcheting bellflower, columbine, bell flower,
Aquilegia canadensis L.
sôkhipozit one who comes sliding or
ratcheting sôkwkwawit one who emerges
sôkhipozit kisos sunrise; at sunrise
sôkhisaosaik what comes out, it comes sôkwta- use up, run out, exhaust
out
sôkhimek one appears, sprouts,
sôkwtaalômimek one runs out of breath
emerges
sôsôglôwzimek one lives a very healthy
sôkhitegwa the river comes out, the
life
mouth of a river
sôsôgnawi very quietly
sôkhiwassahla the light comes out (the
first point of the day) sôsôwôsaa I keep going
sôkho pl sôkhok a whirlpool; it sôsôwadôzo they thinks very often
emerges sôsôwadakta it is continuous
sôkhoala approach carrying someone sôsôwahla they or it keeps going
sôkhosa he approaches walking, he sôsôwaiwi very often
comes
sôsôwakannimek one travels
sôkhosao it is approaching, he is repeatedly, keeps going
coming
sôsôwasamek one keeps walking, keeps
sôkhosat one who approaches walking going
sôkhwadazik when it shows up sôsadabimek one sits on one’s hip
sôkhwazik the one that appears sôsawsa they or it comes out
sôksem pl sôksemok a retrieving dog sôsipkôwzimek one lives long
sôkskibagak pl sôkskibagakil a blade sôsipki long continued, very late
of grass
sôsiwaldôzik one is very sad thinking
sôkwkwa appear, emerge about something

sôkwkwa- ringing sound

301
sôsiwaldam very sorry, very lonesome, sabatta it is definitely tomorrow
very sad; they is very lonesome, sorry, or sadis pl sadisal a lean-two
sad
sôskamek one stand for a while
sag- (sak) fright, fear, afraid
sôskadabimek one squats on heels,
stand sit
sôwa often saga- bite; on the ground, near
the ground

sôwa- often, frequent

sagadôzik one bites something
sagada bite
sôwada it is often, frequent
sagadabo burdock
sôwaiwi often, frequently
sagadalapskw pl sagadalapskol a low
sôwanaki the south
flat rock or ledge
sôwanessen southern breeze
sagadam bite something
sagakhimen pl sagakhimenal
sab- lukewarm; noise, disturbance wintergreen, ground berry, Gaultheria
procumbens

saba tomorrow sagakwa shout with pleasure, cheer

sabada it is half-boiled, lukewarm sagamômek one bites someone

water sagama bite someone
sagamezo they bites herself
sabag- watery, thin liquid mixture sagamwa they bites
sagamwamek one bites
sabaga it is watery, thin, dilute sagamwasko they is a biter
sabagezowôgan diarrhea sagasgejagpo a mixture of falling rain
and snow
sabagihla it gets diluted, becomes
thinner sagaskôdakw pl sagaskôdakok ground
hemlock, Taxus canadensis
sabalakwtahiga make noise
deliberately sagaskanigw pl sagaskanigok fluffy
haired squirrel, flying squirrel
sabalakwtamawôt one who makes a
threat against someone sagatôzik one bites something
sabasikan melting

302
sagi- injure, hurt physically sagzimek one is afraid
sagzit one that is afraid, a coward
sagiôhôzo he is hurt physically sagzo they is afraid
sagiôt he hurts him physically sagzowôgan fright
sagikenawômek one squeezes someone
sagiljandia I shake hands sahag- hard, difficult
sagitahômek ones hurts someone by
hitting sahagôka a hard hill (to climb)
sagitahôzo they is hurt by hitting sahagôliagezit hard snow-traveling
sagitaha hurt someone by hitting sahagôwzoldin it is hard living for all
sagitasin he falls hurt, he falls hurt from sahagôwzowôgan hard living
hitting
sahagaôgmaha they has a hard time on
sagpôwi frightful her snowshoes
sagpôwlôdowa they has a frightfully sahagadosa it is hard to live, it is hard
good voice to get a living
sagpôwlômek one fears someone sahagahôdoimek one has a hard time
sagpôwla fear someone sahaganosokôgoakw it is hard to
sagpôwlaga he makes people afraid follow us
sagpôwldahômegwak what is thought sahagat it is hard, it is a pity, so sad
very frightening Sahagategw Saugatuck River, the hard
sagpôwlelan when I fear you or difficult river
sagpôwlemômek one frightens sahagawagôzowôgan a sin, thing that
someone by speech makes us miserable
sagpôwlemôt one who frightens her sahagawagôzowinnowiak pl sinners,
with words miserable ones
sagpôwlesabeda it is fearfully hot sahagejaa hard hearted, greedy
sagpôwlit frightener, on who frightens sahagi difficult, hard
me or us sahagi kisisôgwenaokwabo it is hard
sagpôwnôgwat it appears frightful for him to sit still
sagpôwnôgwzo they appears frightful sahagi kizi witôzik klozwôganal
stutter, having difficulty saying words
sagpattôgwat it sounds terrible, is very
noisy sahagidahôzimek one worries, hard
thinks
sagwasis pl sagwasisak a weasel
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sahagidahôzit one who worries sakhi! exclamation of astonishment and
pleasure
sahagigenemen squeeze it, grasp it
tight sakhiljahon pl sakhiljahonal a finger
ring
sahagigisisigwan it is a hard spring
sakhiwi in the woods
sahagigo they is capable, competent
sakhosa go into the woods
sahagihla they is difficult
saki rather, instead, in fact
sahagimôtka move with difficulty
sahagimesenôzo it is hard to get
sahaginôgwzit one who is stingy, hard sakoz- win, triumph, conquer
sahaginasa he breathes hard, with
difficulty sakozimek one wins
sahagitbihla one has a hard time sakozwôgan triumph, victory, conquest
sahagitbihlawôgan tribulation saksahon pl saksahonal an earring
sahagiwi with difficulty, difficultly sakwôlhigan pl sakwôlhiganal a
sahagwesimek one lives poorly ramrod

sahahôn they are having difficulty sakwasis pl sakwasisak short tailed

weasel, Mustelo erminea
saidal cider <Eng. Cider
saka stand
sakwi- deep (as tide water)
sakadôzik one stands something up
sakamek one stands
sakwi they is eclipsed (sun, moon)
sakat one who stands upright
sakwitema it is deep water by reason of
sakato he stands something up the tide
sakawômek one stands someone up sakwskigek change
sakawa they stands salôgwkwatigan pl salôgwkwatiganal
frying pan
sakh- the forest salômkwaziganal pl salômkwaziganal
frying pan
salôn pl salônak staghorn sumac cones
sakhakwiga they is roaming in the
or fruiting bodies, Rhus typhina
woods
Salônaki Ampersand Lake, New York,
sakhakwigwa there are many trees in
sumach cone land
the woods, there are many forest trees

304
Salônaktegw Saranac River, New York, salsem they fries something
sumach cone river
salônakwam pl salônakwamak sam- feed
sumach cone tree, genus Rhus, Rhus
typhina
salades baking soda <Eng. Saleratus samômek one feeds someone
salakiwi suddenly, once, henceforth Samôt Shawmut, Mass. Meaning giving
them food, reference to feeding the
Salatogi Saratoga Springs, NY
Pilgrims
salazô buckwheat <Fr. Sarrazin
sama feed him
salazôiyô a buckwheat pancake, it is of
sami feed me
buckwheat
samit one who feeds something to me
salazônokhigan buckwheat flour
or us
salazigan a dish of anything fried
samok one who I feed
salazigan kaosiya steak, fried beef
sanôba mowôt pmôwsowinnoa
salazigawôgan cutting quickly cannibal, a man who eats people
saligem nasal mucus, snot sanôba pl sanôbak adult male, man,
husband

salk- abrupt, sudden, steep sanôbaiklozi talk with an adult voice

sanôbaimedas pl sanôbaimedazal
socks, a man's stocking or legging
salkôka steep bank, steep slope, steep
sanôbaimek one is a man
hill
sanôba nodalokat a man servant
salkadena steep sided mountain
sanôbao he is a man
salkaka throw suddenly
sanôbawôgan manhood
salki sudden
sanachtak whitewash, sanitize
salki kingisgak squall, sudden strong
weather Sanda pl Sandal Sunday, a Sunday,
hence a week <Eng. Sunday
salkibenôga steep falling bank
sandaga next week
salkitema a sharp drop-off from
shallow to deep water sandaiwi on Sundays
Sallot Charlotte
Salom Jerome sanigw- blow nose
Sals Charles

305
sanigwimek one blows their nose sasagigôbi stand up straight
Saniol pl Saniolak a Lord, seigneur sasagiganôt the straight one
<Fr. Seigneur sasagigek that which is just, straight, or
Sanioliskwa pl Sanioliskwak a Lady right
saniolwôgan lordship sasagigek pl sasagigwkil, sasagikkil
the straight one
sans pl sansak a cent <Eng. Cents
sasagigen it is straight
sasagigit one who is just, straight, or
sapkw- put away, hide
right
sasagigo they is straight
sapkwôgan a cache, a hiding or putting
sasagihla go straight, they goes straight
away
sasagikôda they is straight legged
sapkwa hide, put away, cache
sasaginnowôgan justice, perfection
sasôbenit a needle, the one which is
always put through sasagipegda smoke rising straight up
sasôgsek sarsaparilla sasagispiwihla it goes straight up
sasôwahla they keeps on going, often sasagiwi directly, in straight manner
goes sasagkwaga steer straight, go straight
sasagkwaha steer straight
sasag- straight sasagosa walk, go straight
sasahaki very difficult, usually difficult
sasagôbhôt follow them straight sasahlôk buckshot or fine shot
sasagôwdisek where a straight road is sasakan throwing straight
sasagabi sit or lie straight, be flat sasalagiwi straight, directly, all at once,
sasagaka throw straight very suddenly
sasagakan throwing straight sasalaki sudden
sasagakanni travel straight sasalakiwitta very suddenly
sasagakwam pl sasagakwamak a sasalki very suddenly
straight tree sasaso pl sasasoak a plover; shore bird;
sasagakweso they is nice and straight a snipe
sasagezida straight-toed, he walks with sasasowis pl sasasowisak a sandpiper
toes pointed straight ahead sasawian pl sasawianak goldthread Fr.
sasagi just, right la savoyane Coptis groenlandica

306
 sassahlôk shot for a gun
sasi- weep, cry sassawsanodlowad tedious
sata pl satal blueberry, Vaccinium spp.
sasib- brittle, fragile sataôbo pl sataôboal blueberry jam,
preserves
Sataigas July, Blueberry Maker
sasibigen it is easy to break, brittle,
weak satamozi pl satamozial blueberry bush

sasiboik where rivers are, where a river satawada it lies loose

is satawôgan blueberrying, the act of
sasibowat he whose hair stands on end, picking blueberries
his hair stands on end
sasibtagenôzik an accordion, that saw- leave, go out, run out
which is always being stretched
sasibtakwik a slingshot, what stretches
sawôbo look outside; they looks outside
sasidahôzi cry from thinking of
something sawôga a hawk or eagle soaring

sasilawatwôgan one who is crying sawôgan a glider

sasipkadaôbo usually sit up late

(seeing) sawa dress, clothing, clothe
sasipkekwsit pl sasipkekwsijik one
who likes to sleep late
sawadapskw pl sawadapskok jutting
sasiwi crying, weeping out rock
sasiyai make someone cry Sawadapskwok Sowadabscook, Maine,
saskadena standing mountain at the jutting out rocks place

saskadenaazo mountain stands up sawaka throw out, throw away

saskak wardrobe, clothes closet sawakamek one expels, throws out

saskib pl saskibal an elder bush, Sawakwtegw Saco River, Maine,

Sambucus spp. showing-wood river, river that pushes
out wood
saskibimen pl saskibimenal an
elderberry sawakwto make stick appear, push a
stick out
saskipokwat it tastes unusual
sawatôzo he puts out something
saskwawôgan a shout
sawato one dresses, puts on clothes
sasmamalsowôgan failing physically

307
sawatwôgan fatigue; a shout sawsao they (it) sticks out
sawawôgan clothing, dress sawsat they comes out, the one that
comes out
sawhigen it comes out, a coming out
place sawsedawa they is tired of hearing
someone
sawi tired; some, sometimes; showing
up, coming out, appearing sawta it comes out, it emerges
sawiazo they comes out (in general) sawtaokon it puts him out
sawigeda they jumps out, comes out sawtegwak where the river comes out
sawigwen pl sawigwenok a plume, a sawto they is tired
showy feather sawtosa they becomes tired
sawigwzo they comes out crawling sazôbakwhôzik boneset, it goes
sawihla it or they comes out through the leaf, Eupatorium perfoliatum
sawijoan it flows out sazôbhowat wooly bear caterpillar
sawikasha they is tired of wiping sazôbnit needle
someone sazôgebamakw pl sazôgebamakok
sawikazena legs are tired sassafras, Sassafras albidum
sawinodawa they is tired of hearing sazôgenawabi stay quiet
someone sazôgenawi very tranquil, quiet
sawipto they takes out something sazôgsek sarsaparilla, Aralia nudicaulis
sawitôzo they is tired of doing
something
sazôgw- unintelligent, not
sawitegwak outlet, where river emerges
sensible, not intelligent
sawkigan he is tired of planting
sawkikan they is tired of planting
sazôgwigit one who is unintelligent
sawnigan a tiring portage
sazôgwigo they is without good sense,
sawsa walk out, walk away, leave unintelligent
sawsaik it goes out, that which goes out sazôgwihlômek one becomes
sawsamek one leaves unintelligent

sawsanotlowômek one makes someone sazôgwihla they becomes less

tired intelligent

sawsanotlowa they makes him tired sazôgwinôgwzo they appears

unintelligent
sawsanwôgan fatigue, act of being tired

308
sazôm- weak sazawôbagenigat pl
sazawôbagenigajik a beggar
sazekedakwzik saucer, shallow dish
sazômihlômek one gets weaker
sazeminôgwzosa they goes about
sazômihla they gets weaker, fails
looking untidy
physically
sazigôda pl sazigôdak a lazy person
sazôminôgwzit one who looks weak
sazigôdam they is lazy
sazômitôgwzit one who sounds weak
sazigôdaminôgwzo they appears lazy
sazagesasko he is naturally timid,
always afraid sazigôdamwôgan laziness
sazageso he is timid, always afraid sazigôtôzo they is lazy
sazagezit a coward, he who is afraid, he Sazos Jesus
is afraid sazosa walk crying; they walks crying
sazakpônôgw frightfulness sazosamek one walks crying
sazakpôwnôgwat it is frightful sazota cry from frustration
appearing
sazowipogwak rhubarb, sour tasting
Sazal Caesar thing

sazam- spank, beat, whip sebô- along the side

sazamhôt one who whips him sebôgwônsôgan fringe, border

sazamhegan one, those, or that which sebôiwi along the edge, alongside
beats you
sebôiwipemelodigan along the fence
sazamhigan pl sazamhiganal a whip
sebôsa walk alongside, walk along the
sazamhogaba considering what’s edge
happened one should be beaten
sebôsat one who walks along the edge,
sazamhowalmegwzo they is beaten alongside
sazamhowalmegwzowi beating sedi pl sediak evergreen bough; white
sazamhowalmegwzowi machinach cedar tee
allow him to be beaten to death, let one Sediak Kalnômek Palm Sunday,
die the death holding evergreen branches
sazamhowiliô he is treated with the sedibego pl sedibegok a balsam fir
whip
sediikôn pl sediikônal a bough camp

309
Sediikizokw pl Sediigisgaol Palm segagwesmiwanibakw pl
Sunday, branches day segagwesmiwanibakol a senna leaf, the
purging leaves
sedikkôn elm field
segas pl segazak a cigar <Eng. Cigars
segôgw pl segôgwak (also said skôkw)
a skunk, the sprayer
segôgwibakw pl segôgwibakol skunk segik- tight
cabbage, skunk plant, Spathyema foetida
segôndi urinate
segikôbida grit the teeth
segôwipikidowan pl
segikôpakhigan pl segikôpakhiganal
segôwipikidowanal a puff ball, a skunk
vise clamp
fart
segikena hold on tight, squeeze
segikenawa squeeze him or her
segada- lying flat
segikenem they squeezes something
Segodik Schoodic, Maine, urine place
segadaazo it falls flat, it collapses on account of the smell of the ocean, or
segadabo he sits or rests flat or low, he place of spraying waters
squats segotabeskwa pl segotabeskwak
segadahla it is going down, collapses urinary bladder
segadalaabskw pl segadalaabskol flat Segwanek Seaconnet or Little
lying rock, ledge Compton, RI, a break-water
segadasin they lies flat segwanihla pl segwanihlak a smiter-
hawk
segadasen it lies flat

segag- vomit segwesk- break up, divide

segweskôbassa they slices someone

segagi vomit
segweskôbassem cut something into
segagimek one vomits
pieces, slice
segago they vomits
segweskômkipodo they grinds
segagwôgan vomiting, action of something to a powder
vomiting
segweskôngohlômek one saws
segagwesminebizon purging medicine someone up; one itemizes
segweskada crack or break up with the
teeth

310
segweskadam break up something with senômkol sandstone, gravel
the teeth senômozi pl senômoziak rock maple,
segweskejaghigan a fricassee, hash, Acer saccarophorum
stew, a broken-up mixture of meat and senômoziimlazes maple syrup, rock
vegetables maple molasses
segweskejagtaôzik one smashes senômozibagw maple syrup
something
senôwdi pl senôwdial a stone road, a
segweskiado break up something, paved road
divide up something
Senabskaisibo the Ausable River, New
segweskiadon one breaks up something York, stone-rock river
segweskimen pl segweskimenak senapskazo it is rocky with stones
raspberry, broken up berry
Senebi Lake Sunapee, NH, rock water
segweskimenimozi pl
segweskimenimoziak a raspberry-bush Senek Shunock River, CT, at the stone
place
segweskipha tear up, break up snatch
senigaladabakw pl senigaladabakwol
segweskiwita explain, analyze-tell, a rock fern, tripe de roche, Polypodium
taking-apart tell virginianum
segwestaha smash someone, break-up Seniganitegw Lewis Creek, Vermont,
beat gravel river or fish weir river
senigejokôn pl senigejokônal a stone
seleg- squeeze, press statue, a stone doll
senika there are many stones, it is of
stone
selegena squeezes someone; they milks
(as a cow), squeezes with hands Senikok Suncook River, Lakes and
Village, among the rocks
seleginahiga milking, be milking (a
cow) seninebi pl seninebial Lake Sunapee,
New Hampshire, rock water
selegipla he runs into someone
senipôgan pl senipôganak a stone pipe;
selegjagena they crushes someone,
a clay pipe
squeezes someone into mush
Senipôganisibo La Platte River,
selegjahigan pl selegjahiganal a vise,
Vermont, stone pipe river
also a vertical press, pressing instrument
Senipôganitegw La Platte River,
selegjagkawômek one crushes someone
Vermont, stone pipe river
selegjagkawa they crushes someone
senipakhigan pl senipakhiganal a
sen pl senal a stone stone sling

311
senis pl senisal a little stone, pebble sesego they spits
sesekw pl sesegol spittle, spit
senod- (senoj-) shore Sessil Cecile
sewib pl sewibak a Jew <Fr. Juif
senodôpakosahlôzik one tows
something to shore sezo- paint
senodôtego pl senodôtegoak a wave
comes to shore, a shore wave
sezohômek one paints someone
senodakwijimek one swims to shore
sezohôzik one paints something
senodelômsen a shore wind
sezoha paint someone or something
senodenazimek one pulls a canoe onto
the shore sezohamawômek one paints something
for someone
senodkamigwamek one lands near or
along the shore sezohiga paint

senodkwaha go to shore, steer to shore sezohigamek one paints

senodosamek one goes ashore, walks sezohom they paints something

ashore sezohozo he rubs himself
senojibiamek one paddles ashore sezopotiga he rubs
senojihlômek one goes to shore sezowôzo he is painted
senojisobagwa the sea-coast sezowigan paint
senojiwi the shore, the bank siômo pl siômoak hawk; a bird of prey
sesôbagenigamek one rubs something
on themselves (like lotion)
siat- sift
sesôbagenigan pl sesôbageniganal
lotion, liniment, a rub-on liquid
sesôbagenozimek one rubs liniment on siatiga sift
self siatigan pl siatiganal a sifter, a sieve
sesôgnôzik a downpour
sib- then, next, moreover, besides;
seseg- spit trickle out, leak

sesigi spit siba it leaks, it trickles out

sesigimek one spits

312
sibadekwi one who lives along a chanel sibo pl siboal a river
or side stream, channel person siboôgama pl siboôgamal a river lake
sibakhigan pl sibakhiganal a sail sibobi river water
sibakhiganakwam pl siboinebes pl siboinebesal a river lake,
sibakhiganakwamak mast (of ship) long narrow lake resembling a river
siboinebi river water
sibal- stretch out, spread siboiskotam pl siboiskotamok river
trout
sibalakha spread something siboka work a river, travel it, explore it
or trap it
sibalakwhôzoal they are spread apart
Sibomok Seboomook Lake and Town,
sibalakwham they spreads something
Maine, at the stream
solid
siboobi pl siboobial river water
sibalakwta it (a solid) is spread out
sibos pl sibosal a brook
sibalakwto spread something, lay it on
the ground (as a stick) sibosimis pl sibosimisal a very little
brook
sibalhigan pl sibalhiganal a spreading
implement, a spreader sibosis pl sibosisal brook
sibali spread sibs pl sibsak a bird
sibalikôdawi spread your legs sibsigamikw a bird cage
sibaliljawi stretch out your hand sibsis pl sibsisak a little bird
sibalipedinao they spreads her arms sibsisimen pl sibsisimenal birdseed,
name of Urtica spp. perhaps dioica
sibalnômek one spreads someone
gracilis
sibalna spread someone; they spread
sibsisiwazesa pl sibsisiwazesaal a little
someone
bird's nest
sibaltôzik one sets the table
sibsiwdon pl sibsiwdonal a beak
sibalto set the table; they sets the table
sibsnôbalha pl sibsnôbalhaak a male
bird
sibel- treat therapeutically sibsoka hunt birds
sibsokan bird hunting
sibelômek treating someone sibsskwalha pl sibsskwalhaak a female
therapeutically, giving medicine bird
sibiwi then, next, later, in addition, sibtagena stretch something
moreover, besides
313
sibtagenem they stretches something sigemotôzik one evaporates or dries up
something
sigiliamo pl sigiliamoak cicada, locust
sid- alongside touching, up
against
sigo- remaining, left over
Sidakwtahodwôgan The Crucifixion
sidaldamôwadwôgan a wish for sigosa it boils away, dries up
someone, a desire sigoskônigan widowhood; something
sidaldamasôzik one wishes for left over
something sigoskwa pl sigoskwak a widow, left
sidaldami wish something for someone over woman
sidalzowôgan pl sidalzowôganal a sigwada it is empty
wish sigwaga next spring
sidemak along edge of water, at the sigwagen it is empty
water's edge
sigwahlôk what is empty, it is empty
sidosa go along the side of something
sigwahlômek one empties
sigwahlôt one who is empty
sig- on the ground; empty
sigwahla it becomes empty
sigwak when it is spring, in spring
sigôdamwôgan unwillingness
sigwakôn pl sigwakônal empty camp
sigôtegw low water river
sigwakôntegw pl sigwakôntegok
sigôtegwihla water level goes down, a empty camp river
river gets low
sigwan spring season
sigalab cigarette <Eng. cigarette
sigwanôt one who empties it, he
sigapoda it drags on the bottom, on the empties it
ground
sigwanôzik one empties something
sigawa he skims low (said of a bird)
sigwana empty something; last spring
sigba low water
sigwanadialimek pl sigwanadialimekil
sigbada it is dried up the spring hunting, one spring hunts
Sigbastekok Sebasticook, Maine, at the sigwanadialimeki every spring hunting
empty river
sigwanadialit a spring hunter, one who
sigbazo water is boiled away, dried up spring hunts

314
sigwanahigan a churn, skimmilk, sikwla frost; frozen rain
buttermilk silôn a shilling (20 cents)
sigwanamimek pl sigwanamimekil silad pl siladal a waist coat; a vest <Fr.
one spends springtime, springtime has Gilet
come
silki pl silkial a silk, a ribbon <Eng.
sigwanamimeki one spends every Silk
spring
silkiya of silk, silk material
sigwanamo they spends the spring, they
is in springtime Simo Simon

sigwanapo they eats what is left

sigwanasin they becomes spring, spring sin- squeeze, wring out
arrives
sigwanihla it becomes spring, spring sinawôgan pl sinawôganal a signing,
comes signature
sigwanikizos pl sigwanikizosak a sinawwôdôzik one signs something
spring moon
sinawwôdawômek one signs
sigwaniwi in spring something for someone
sigwanwôbka he battled until spring, he sinawwimek one votes, one signs ballot
survived the winter
sinawwit signatory, one who signs
sigwawzigan sawdust, remains of
cutting sinpagena wring out something

sigwena save, preserve, cause sinpagenem they wrings something

something to be left over sinpagenigan pl sinpageniganal a
sigwhla hail wringer, implement for wringing clothes

sigwi left behind, left over

sigwit a widower, left over one sipk- long time, late
sigwnigan pl sigwniganal a reserve, a
reservation, also a store sipkôdokazo they converses for a long
sijigwam sew something together time

sijinôgwzi appear like something else sipkôdokazwôgan a long conversation

sijiwi alongside touching, up against sipkôwzi live long

sipkagan throwing for a long time

sik- near the ground sipkaka throw for a long time

315
sipkakanni travel late, travel a long Sisigwaimenahan Rattlesnake Island in
time Lake Winnipesaukee
sipkalôbalda continue to think about sisiwan a rattle, something sizzles, a
something sizzler, a dance rattle
sipkalômo he can stay long under water sisiwanamawa rattle for something
sipkaldam they thinks something is
long lasting sissa spread, publish, abroad,
sipkat it takes a long time share; spreading, scattering
sipkgwzit one who sleeps late
sipkgwzo they sleeps late, get up late sissaôbimek one is seen about, here and
sipki late, a long time there

sipkia stay late sissaôboak they go in different

directions, they are seen scattering
sipkihlôk durable
sissaaka throw scatteringly, spread
sipkinôgwat it appears late or a long
time sissaakamek one throws scatteringly

sipkinosoka continue following, follow sissa chajabnigawôgan distribution

a long time sissagwzimek one crawls about, here
sipkiwi late, lately and there

sipkosa go for a long time, stay away a sissagwzo they crawls about, here and
long time there

sipota rub to make smooth sissahadôzik to be published,

distributed
sipotam they rubs something to make
smooth sissahadôzo it is published, distributed

sipotigan pl sipotiganal a file, a rub- sissahlôgil fine shot, they go

smooth implement scatteringly, the ones that spread

sisegwahiganal eyeglasses sissahlôgilnoda pl sisahlôgilnodaal a

shot bag
sissakanno pl sissakannoak a person
sisi- sound of a rattle who travels here and there or all over, pl
they travel scattered or spread out
sisigenômek one teases to make sissanôgan scattering
someone cry sissana spread or sprinkle something
sisigena make cry dry
sisigwa pl sisigwak a rattlesnake

316
sissanigasko they strews things, they is siwani-kwatis a salt-shaker
untidy by nature siwanipogwat it tastes salty
sissatôzik one spreads something siwidahôzi they is lonesome or
sissatigamek one expands, spreads homesick
sissawôzi be scattered siwkigan they is tired of planting
sissawigwen pl sissawigwenok a sizikômkijoan a trickle of water
feather sticking out siziwanamawômek one rattles for
sissazao it goes spreading, it spreads someone
siziwanamawit one who rattles for me
or us
siw- lonesome, tired, sad
ska stand
skaala stand it up
siwadahôzo they is sad, troubled, tired
skahôgan pl skahôganak a forked post,
siwaka throw away
pickets
siwakan throwing away something
skahiaiwi rawly
siwaldam they is lonesome
skahipozi ski
siwaldamwôgan loneliness, sorrow,
skahipozimek one skis
repentance
skahipozo they stands sliding or slides
siwaldamwôgao sorrow
standing
siwalmômek one is lonesome, one
skahla a raw hide; they stands
mourns
skahladagen a raw skin
siwalma they is lonesome for someone,
mourns skaikokw pl skaikokwak a standing
kettle, a kettle with legs
siwan salt
skaipi eat standing
siwanôbo salty broth
skaiwi standing, in a standing position
siwanahômek one salts someone
skakwam a green stick
siwanahôzik one salts something
skaltsi pl skaltsial, skaltsiak an unripe
siwanahôzo it is salted
berry
siwanaha they salts someone
skaltsial unripe berries
siwanahiga salt something, add salt
skamon pl skamonal corn, Indian corn,
siwanahigamek one salts, add salt maize; pl. grains of corn
siwanahigan pl siwanahiganal salt skamonjagtahigan pounded corn
pork, a pickle, a salted or pickled thing

317
skamoniabôn pl skamoniabônak corn skawôbi ônda toji kezabdawi wait
bread, a loaf of corn bread until it’s not so hot
skamoniatsigan pl skamoniatsiganal skawôldoak they watch each other
corn dye skawôboigamigw pl skawôboigamigol
skamonikikôn pl skamonikikônal waiting and watching place
cornfield skawôbwôgan waiting
skamonikizokw pl skamonikizokol skawôda be on watch, on guard, watch
corn time, corn day out for something
skamonimitegwakwam pl skawôda kagwiji paiômowi watch
skamonimitegwakwamal a corncob what will happen
skamoniodebkwanal pl skawôdam watch out for something
skamoniodebkwanigok corn hairs,
corn silk skawôgan pl skawôganak a stake,
picket or pole, a standing thing
skamonipmegawôgan pl
skamonipmegawôganal corn dance skawôganis pl skawôganisak a little
stake, a picket
Skamonkas September, corn maker
skawôko pl skawôkoal a hill for
skamonkawôgan corn picking watching and waiting, a lookout
skamonkazikizos corn moon skawôla waji ônda saosa watch that he
skamonnoktahigan corn meal doesn’t come out
skamonoo it is corn, when the ears are skawôma envy someone
formed
skamontahigan corn meal, pounded
corn
skawa- envy
skanimen pl skanimenal a seed, bone-
berry
skao it is standing (by itself or slightly skawadekw pl skawadegok crucifix
leaning on something) Skawadekwigisgat Friday, the Day of
skaskwatsigan green dye the Cross
skawakw fresh meat
skaw- wait for skawalchowôgan envy (in general)
skawalkawôgan envy of one person for
another
skawôb- watch for
skawasko he has an envious nature
Skawatwkwigisgad Friday
skawôbi watch, wait and watch
318
skawawôgan envy skoksis pl skoksisak a worm, little
snake
Skawhigan Skowhegan, Maine,
waiting, watching place skotam pl skotamok, skotamak a
speckled trout
skawi wait
skotamiskwa pl skotamiskwak a
skawiha wait for someone
female speckled trout
skawito wait for something; they waits
skwôzontakw pl skwôzontakok thread,
for something
yarn
skawlôbowa wait and watch for
skwahla sibs pl skwahla sibsak a
someone; they waits and watches for
female bird
someone
skwagigw wnegigw pl skwagigw
skibô pl skibôl ground nut, Apios
wnegigwak a female otter
tuberosa, also Indian potato, Heracleum
lanatum skwamiskw pl skwamiskok a female
beaver
skibakw a green leaf
skwassem almos pl skwassemok
skipwôgan eating raw
almosak a female dog
skiya raw
skwassem pl skwassemok a female
skog pl skogak a snake, serpent, worm, canine
also colloquial for poplar catkins and
Skweda paskhôzik Midsummer Day,
penis
shooting the fire, Saint Jean-Baptiste
skogôdeb pl skogôdebal a snake head Day
skogôdeb pmegawôgan pl skogôdeb skweda pl skwedaal fire, a fire
pmegawôganal snake head dance
skwedaôbo pl skwedaôboal whiskey
skogadebakw pl skogadebakol wild
skwedaabi pl skwedaabiak firewater
ginger, snake root, Asarum canadense;
snake head plant skwedaibakol pl skwedaibakok fire
leaf, a plant which grows up after a fire,
skogaki snake land
Aletris farinosa
skogibmegawôgan snake dance
skwedaibapmaksek airplane, fire
skogimachinebizon pl glider or sailer
skogimachinebizonal snake venom,
skwedaichogeleskw pl
snake-bad-medicine
skwedaichogeleskok redstart, fire
skogimen pl skogimenal snake berry, blackbird
black cherry berry
Skwedaigok Castle Island near Albany,
skogs pl skogsak a worm; a penis New York, where two fires once burned
skokimisi pl skokimisial snake bush skwedaigokw pl skwedaigokwak fire's
kettle
319
skwedainebi firewater sogalahigan pl sogalahiganal
sweetener
skwedaipegda pl skwedaipegdaal fire
smoke sogalebi sugar water, maple sap
skwedaipegwi ashes, fire sand sogalibatades pl sogalibatadesak
sweet potato
skwedaipegwis small ashes
sogalika make sugar
sogalikan sugar making (there is sugar
skwedaiwagin pl skwedaiwaginak an
making)
automobile, fire wagon
Sogalikas April, The Sugar Maker
skwedaoo there is fire
sogalikas pl sogalikazak snow lice
skwedas pl skwedasak redstart, a little
fire sogalikawôgan making sugar
skwedasis a little fire Sogalikizos The Sugar Moon (the moon
of April)
skwedawabi firewater, whiskey
sogalikwat the sugar-basin
skwedawalôdi pl skwedawalôdial a
bomb sogalimelazes sugar molasses, i.e.
maple syrup
sobagkwônigan an ocean carry
sogalinebi sugar water, maple sap
sobagw pl sobagol the ocean; the sea
sogalipi eat maple sugar
sobagwialmos pl sobagwialmosak a
seal, a sea dog sogalipogwat it tastes like sugar, tastes
sweet
sobagwihla pl sobagwihlak a sea duck
sogaliwawilômwa pl
sobakihla ocean water rising, tide rising
sogaliwawilômwak honeybee, sugar
sobakwitolba pl sobakwitolbak a sea bee
turtle
sogalosôbôn sugar broth, maple sap or
sobhôban day break syrup
sogbazo it thaws, it melts, it settles
sog- pour out, spread out soghbaigamigw pl soghbaigamigol an
inn, a tavern, a hotel, a motel

sogadaôzo it pours out Soghbat pl Soghbatak An inn-keeper;

hotel keeper
sogal sugar <Eng. Sugar
sogalabôn pl sogalabônak cake
sogl- cook
sogalaha sweeten something
sogalahiga sweeten, add sugar

320
soglô- rain sogwejaghika work at breaking into
pieces, grinding

soglôn rain; it rains

sokw- come apart, take apart,
soglônam pass a rainy time, spend rainy
weather, have a rainy time break up, detach
soglônch let it rain, whether it rains or
not sokwôgwa it is piled up, heaped up
soglônebi rain water sokwa break up, spoil
soglônga if it rains
soglônihla pl soglônihlak swallow, rain sokwa- paint face
bird
soglônilhasis pl soglônilhasisak a
sokwabido untie
swallow
sokwagan spoiling something
soglônki whenever it rains, every time it
rains sokwahai paint his face (apply
cosmetics)
soglôngisgat it is rainy weather, a rainy
day sokwaka throw down, tear down
soglônidegwa pl sogelônidegwaal sokwaki detached, broken up land
blackheads, rain-faced Sokwakii pl Sokwakiiak Sokoki
soglôngisgat rainy weather Indians, one who broke away
soglônoso it rains a little, it sprinkles sokwamalso they feels broken, he is
exhausted
soglozo they cooks
sokwaozo they paints her own face,
soglozwôgan cooking
they puts cosmetics on self
Sogmôwi Mali Kwasihomek Saint
sokwaskajimek one freezes to death
Mary Honoring Day
sokwaskajo he freezes to death
sogna pour out
sokwawan face paint, cosmetics
sognabôzo he is baptized, he is poured
upon sokwejaghigan pl sokwejaghiganal
smashing tool, a dish of cut up meat and
sognadawa throw at, pour on someone
potatoes (hash)
sognapôalômek one baptizes someone
sokwejagtaham they smashes
sognapôala baptize someone something by striking
sognapôsewôgan baptism, also sokwedagamo he grinds, strikes apart
baptismal certificate

321
sokwejagtahigan pl sokwejagtahiganal Soliat Juliet
instrument for pounding, a pounder, somalkin a copper
something pounded up as pounded meat
somalkin pl somalkinak English
sokwejagtahiganisen pl penny, a copper
sokwejagtahiganisenal a grinding
stone somalkiniya coins, hard money

sokwena take apart, undo, break into somen pl somenak a raisin

pieces somenakwam pl somenakwamak
sokwenemen take it apart, undo it, grape vine
break it up somenis pl somenisak a grape, small
sokweniga take down the camp or raisin
house sop pl sopak soap, piece of soap <Eng.
sokwiga tear down Soap

sokwigen it is broken sopakwibesis pl sopakwibesisak

herring
sokwigo they is weak, fainting, coming
apart Sopi Sophia

sokwihla it becomes loose, comes apart, sopoto they rubs (as a cramp)
breaks up, he has lost his strength sotlo pl sotloak cauldron, kettle <Fr.
sokwijagta it is smashed Chaudron

sokwikamek one demolishes sotlosis pl sotlosisak a small kettle

sokwito take something apart sotlowiakhotigan pl

sotlowiakhotiganal kettle hanger, kettle
sokwta they is broken up, exhausted stake
sokwtaôzo they knocks it down sowabligan pl sowabliganal a frame
sokwtahiga they works at breaking up for stretching beaver and other small
something hides
sokwtahigan pl sokwtahiganal sowagenem they stretches something
grinding tool, stone implement for sowageniga working at stretching a
breaking up something (as medicine or hide or a blanket, softening or working
corn) leather
sokwtam they grinds something, breaks sowagenigat they who stretches a hide
up something
sowaktahigan pl sowaktahiganal a
sokwtazano they is exhausted, perhaps stretching frame, act of stretching a hide
also out of breath
sowaktam they stretches something, (of
solôwkw cauldron, kettle a tent) sets up
solgônbi rain water
322
sowanaki the South, southland spôzoo it is early in morning
sowanesek when the wind is from the spôzowialakws morning star
south spôzowik when it is morning, in the
sowanesen a breeze from the south morning
sowanigan pl sowaniganal stretch spôzowiwi in the morning
carry, keep-going carry spedagwzo they snores
sowipogwat it tastes sour
sowipogwzo one tastes sour spem- above
sowtagabo they sits with legs stretched
out
spemek above in the sky
sowtagenôzo it is stretched
Spemki above-land, sky, heavens,
sowtagenezo they stretches herself
Heaven
sowtako they stretches
spemkik alihlôt ascension Day, when
Sozôn Susan he went to heaven
Sozap Joseph spemsagw pl spemsagol an upstairs
spôgwata it is deep with snow, depth of room
snow
Spôniol a Spaniard spig- rising, upward
spônioliases pl spônioliasesak a mule
spôniolis pl spôniolisak a donkey spigoaksimsi throw self upward
Spôniolki Spain spigosa he goes up, he walks up
spigwôdawa climb up
spôz- early spigwôloasis pl spigwôloasisak a wren,
little high tail

spôzaldam get up early, be early, arrive spigwôpaka wind it up

early spigwôpakhigan pl spigwôpakhiganal
spôzatboka they cooks breakfast winding up instrument, a clock key

spôzibi eat breakfast spigwagen it is raised up, it is on high

spôzimôji leave early spigwaka throw upward, throw up high

spôzitoki get up early spigwakiasi raise up

spôzkika sow early spigwakiato he raises it up

spôzkikan sowing early

323
spigwakimzi go up learning, advance in tôbanôz kasônkaw seventeen
learning tôbawôz kasinska seventy
spigwakimzia when I advance in tôbawôz kasinska taba nis seventy-
learning two
spigwakimzimek one advances in tôbawôz kasta 7 times
learning
tôbawôzes the seventh
spigwakimzit one who advances in
learning tôbi pl tôbiak a bow

spigwanazi rise up, make self rise tôbiipikôn pl tôbiipikônal a bowstring

spigwelômsen the wind blows upward, tôbika make a bow

it blows upward by the wind tôdaka where, wherever
spigwena lift something or someone up, tôkwak brief, it is short
raise something or someone
tôkwak nassawn asthma, it is short
spigwi upward breathing
spigwiazik it rises up tôkwenôzik one shortens something
spigwidoit one who goes up, he that tômô some, somewhere
goes up
tômô ato probably, perhaps any,
spigwihla fly up, go up, rise anywhere, some, somewhere
spigwipedinawi put your hands up tôn ton, also tons <Eng. Ton
spigwiwi upward tônaga where was it
spigwtahiga make something higher, tônewatta whoever
raise
tôni whether, if, how, where, what
spokan the loose bone inside the shin of
tôni adoji when
a deer or moose used as an awl
tôni adoji paami taakwagisgat when
spotnik sputnik <Fr. Spoutnik
the days are shorter
stimbot pl stimbotal steamboat <Eng.
tôni kasi how much
Steamboat
tôni wkwenkamen how long does it
swansiôl coarse buckshot
take to get there
tônitta however, wherever, whenever
T tônitta kagwi anything
tôniwa whoever
tôbawôz seven tôniyo whatever
tônwa which one

324
tônyo which thing taôlawi as; like
taakwa they or it is short
tôpk- raise up taakwak it is short
taakwakwazo it is a short dream
tôpkena lift up someone taakwakwezi be a short standing one, a
short person
tôpkenem lift up something
taakwat one who is short
tôtagadôzik one strikes something
repeatedly taakwazo they or it is very short
tôtagamômek one strikes someone taakwenômek one shortens someone
repeatedly taakwenôzik one shortens something
tôtahôlawi just like taakwenem shorten something
tôtakwôgwiwiki every autumn taakwenemawômek one shortens
tôtatbigenol they are just the same something for someone
tôtatbiwi very even, very like taakwi short
tôtbaldam they owns something taakwigen it is short
tôtbalmesi master self, be own boss taakwigo they is short
tôtbeloma always talk about someone taakwikôda it is a short leg
tôtbokwiwiki every night taakwikôdasit he that is short legged,
he is short legged
tôwidowsao it drifts all over (in the air)
taakwinasawôgan short breath
tôwlegwa pl tôwlegwaal a stye on the
eye taakwinigan pl taakwiniganal a short
carry
taakwisit pl taakwisijik one who is
tôwta- open
short
taakwiwi shortly, in a short manner
tôwtabo they sits uncovered
taakwizi be short, be short in height,
tôwtada it is open short of money
tôwtaho it is open (a store is open) taakwkwisis pl taakwkwisisak short
Tôwtahowa open for someone; she and stout
opens something for someone; The taalitam taste, eat
Battenkill River, NY, VT
tôwtana open something by hand
tab- insert, put in; stop, enough
ta and

325
 tabna by and by
taba and (used in numbers)
Tabaldak The Owner, The Lord tabs- down low, low
tabaldama I own, I am master
tabalmômek one enslaves tabsagaa low ground
tabat stop, enough; as long as, provided tabsedamasimek one listens to or hears
that
tabsedawômek one listens to or hears
tabatta really enough, knock it off someone
tabelodôzik one mentions something, tabsetôzik one listens to or hears
talks about something something
tabelodo tells about something; they tabsi low
tells about something
tabsigen it is low
tabelogamimek one mentions, one
tabsigo they is low
slanders
tabsihôzit humble one, he is humble
tabelomômek one mentions someone,
talks about someone tabsihôzo they is humble
tabenôgwzowiwi worthily tabsihla it flies low, it goes low
tabena later on, by and by tabsiponômek one humiliates someone,
puts them low
tabi enough, sufficient
tabsisato make something lower, put it
tabi pl tabial carpet, rug <Fr. Tapis
lower
Tabid David
tabsitema low water, shallow water
tabigadmat an adult, one that has
tabsiwi down, low
enough years of age
tabto put in something, insert
tabinôgwat worthwhile, it appears
something
sufficient
tabziki pl tabzikijik the low one
tabinôgwsit mamessanimôn one who
is worthy of mocking tabzikit chigenas pl tabzikijik
chigenazak thorn-apple, rose
tabinawôt the one who looks after
someone, a caretaker tadaosakw phosphorescent wood
tablat put him in tadazan walking past
tablia pl tablial an apron <Fr. Tablier tadkwigwzit the very heavy one
tabliasis pl tabliasisal little apron; Tadogakhowat pl Tadogakhowajik a
name of a long piece of bark between the Spreader, mythical spreading little men
main canoe bark and the gunwales
326
tadzesso pl tadzessoak white spruce, tagatôzik one hits something
Picea glauca tagatigan pl tagatiganal a spring
lancet, hitting instrument
taga- hit, strike tagazeba a little water added
tagazeswak they are very few
tagadôzik one strikes something tageda exactly, definitely, directly
tagada hit or strike something tagedatta exactly, definitely,
completely
tagadam hit something, strike
something tagnabes pl tagnabesak a monkey
tagadamawen bleed someone
medicinally tagwôg- autumn
tagamômek one hits someone
tagama hit someone tagwôgiga next autumn
tagamawamek one strikes something tagwôgoo it is autumn
for someone
tagwôgowiwi in the fall
tagamezi hit self
tagwôgw autumn
tagamwôgan hitting, act of hitting
tagwôgwa last autumn
tagamwa hit, strike
tagwôgwenami spend the autumn
tagamwamek one hits
tagwôgwenamimek one spends the
tagana have more autumn
tagwôgwenamimeki one spends every
tagas- little autumn, whenever it is autumn
tagwôgwiga next autumn
tagasesen few, a very few tagwôgwihlas pl tagwôgwihlazak
grosbeak, the autumn bird
tagasi a little, in small amount or degree
tagwôgwipekwes pl
tagasiosi very little, very few, very
tagwôgwipekwesak an autumn
slightly
mosquito
tagasipieat a little, eat sparingly
tagwôgwiwi in autumn
tagasipimek one eats sparingly, a little
tagwôgwiwiki every autumn
tagasiwi a little, small amount, slightly,
tagwôgwiwitta this very autumn
a few
tagwôgwo it is autumn
tagaswak they are a few

327
tagwôgwoik when it is autumn tagwagwtasi finish by striking, kill by
striking
tagwagwtiga finishing making
tagwagw- finish
something
tagwagwtigat pl takwakwtigajik the
tagwagwaloka finish working one who finishes something
tagwagwalokamek one finishes a work, tagwagwto finish, decide
finish working
tagwhigan pl tagwhiganal a mortar for
tagwagwalokamek one finishes work grinding, hollowed stump, hollowed
tagwagwaoli finish a canoe stone

tagwagwi completely
tagwagwiômek one finishes someone tahôlaw- like, similar
tagwagwidôzik one finishes or
terminates something tahôlawi like, as, as though, sort of
tagwagwidôzik one finishes something tahôlawikhôt make him alike, cause
tagwagwidôzo it is finished him to be like

tagwagwido finish something tahôlawikhôzo photographed, pictured,

be in a picture
tagwagwigen it is finished
tahôlawitta just like
tagwagwihômek one finishes or
terminates someone taka there, thither

tagwagwiha finish someone; they taki later on, at last

finishes someone takinôgan pl takinôganal a
tagwagwihok one who I finish, one cradleboard
who I kill takskam they kicks something
tagwagwikazi complete a building, takskawômek one kicks someone
finish building
tagwagwinôgwak what appears
finished, it looks finished takw- pound, grind
tagwagwitôzik one finishes something
tagwagwitigan pl takwakwitiganal the takwôg- uphill
finished thing
tagwagwiwi completely, fully, takwôgi go uphill
throughout
takwôgkada it is up on the slope

328
takwôlskw- crusty snow, crust on talôtokaswôgan story telling place
snow talôtokazo they tells stories commonly
talôtokazoak they converse
takwôlskwat there is crust on the snow, talôtokazoat one who converses there,
the snow is crusty where he converses
takwôlskwihla the snow forms a crust, talôtso he is moving camp
it crusts, becomes crusty
talôwso they lives there
takwahôgan pl takwahôganal a
talabatiga wash there (in a definite
grinder, a mortar, sawmill
place)
Takwahôganis Swanton, VT, a little
talachannibia stop paddling there
mill
taladegwahiga they decorates
takwakwôbhôzi continue the full
moccasins there, they is decorating
length (as of a river)
moccasins there
takwakwtak it is finished
taladiali hunt there
takwaolin pound through instrument
taladialit where he hunts customarily
like a punch or a drill for boat making
talagenazawa tan hides there
takwenôzit a prisoner, arrested one
talaginaadôzik one tears something up
takwena catch someone
talaginaalômek one tears someone up
takwenaga be arrested, caught
talaka they throws there (in that place)
takwhiga pound, grind by pounding
talakan throwing there (generally)
takwigwak ôbadahon a heavy cane
talakimegaa where I am learning,
takwigwak pamôdamek one burdens
school
someone
talakinaalômek one tears up someone
takwigwelek nidazo a heavy animal
talakinaala tear up someone
talakinaatôzik one tears up something
tal- there; commonly
talakinaato tear something up
talakinakwazo it is tearing (sometimes
talôlka he digs there (at a specific
said of the sound of thunder)
time), he is digging
talakjanômek one guts someone
talôlkan digging there
talaloka they works there
talôma they fishes (commonly)
talalokawôgan workplace, job
talôtokaswôgan conversing there in a
certain place

329
talasigwenagabelema he sits there tied taligebaham he shuts up something
in (said of a spiritual practitioner) there
talatboka he cooks there now or at a taligen it is there
certain time, he is cooking there taligo he grows there, he is there
talawakiado there he crunches talihla come to nest there
something hard
talijoan it flows there
Talaz Theresa
talimelisjo they weeps there, they is
talebaghozit one who plays in the water weeping
talebaghozo they is throwing water on talin pl talinak an earthen basin <Fr.
herself Terrine
talebago he jumps there, clears water talina die there
talega there he dances, he dances now, talinto he sings there, he is singing
he is dancing
talioda it boils
talelôn it is raining
taliodagil wôwanal boiled eggs
talepapo he plays there, he is playing
now taliolômawaldamikha they deceives
someone
talesdam hear generally, commonly,
formerly taliozigan boiled meat

talhôdoo they frequents there now, is taliozit one who comes to a boil
active there talipaiyo he comes there
tali there, then; a place talipiakw where we eat
talibaji they comes, approaches there talipit the feeder, he is feeding there
talibajibia they comes paddling there talipo he eats there, there he is eating
talibizi move about there talipoda let us eat
talibota where he slides (commonly) talitôzo where it is made
talichigitamawômek one leaves talitahôzo where it is made
something there for someone
talitam taste, eat (said of a human
talichigitamawit one who leaves being, not of an animal)
something there for me or us
talitta exactly in a certain place, right
talichikitamawa leave it for someone there
there
talisogbazo the ice melts there, it is
talidahôma think another is there melting
talido make there taljeba drown there

330
talkada it burns there, it is burning taltaha kill someone there
talkanno they travels there taltam strike something there
talkasmo they swims there taltolo he builds a boat there
talkechokama he caresses someone; he talwôlka he digs there, he is digging
plays as with a doll tamôlkwôt one who is scalped
talkika they plants there tamagan the tide goes out
talkikan planting tamenok soon, afterwards, a little later
talkwazôt the caller, the yeller, he calls, tamenoktta very soon, afterwards
he hollers
tamezômek one cuts someone
talkwazikhôt he makes it sound, he
sounds an instrument tamezôzik one cuts something

talkwazo they calls, cries, yells from tamikôd a cut off leg
there; emits sound Tanial Daniel
talmakwin they is defecating tapsedôzik one listens to, hears
talohôwadwôgan an argument something

taloka they works in general tapsedamasimek one listens to one self

talosa they goes around in general tapsedawômek one listens to, hears
someone

talpô- contend, berate, scold,

argue, reprimand, quarrel tas- down onto, on top of, on, onto

talpôgamimek one scolds tasôkata on a hilltop

talpôma scold him tasôkihla go to a hilltop, climb a hill

talpôtwôgan scolding, a reprimand tasôkiwi on a hilltop

talsabkwa cache something there, put tasôko a hilltop

something there and leave, hide there tasabi sit on something, take a seat
talskawôbimek one is waiting and tasadena it is on top of the mountain
watching there
tasadenaiwi on top of the mountain
talskawôbo they is waiting and
tasahami reject something
watching there
tasaka throw on top
talskawihômek one waits for someone
there tasakan throwing on top, piling up
taltahôzik one smashes something there tasakanni travel on top or to the top

331
tasakwaôbial moccasin ties, over heel tatbabska it is very level rock
strings tatbagaa it is level ground
tasakwabi sit on something solid like a tatbakaôzik one irons something out,
bench or log makes alike
tasakwabo they sits on something like a tatbakan throwing alike
chair
tatbakwnigat pl tatbakwnigajik the
tasakwabon they sits on something like measurer, a measuring worm
a chair
tatbaldam be indifferent, think
tasakwabonsis pl tasakwabonsisal a something all the same
little seat, chair
tatbat it is just like, it is the same
tasakwan over a heel
tatbeskawi the same
tasakwnigan worked by hand to put
something on top of it tatbeskawigen it is just the same, it
stands just even or level or opposite
tasakwtahigan pl tasakwtahiganal a
platform on poles or between trees for a tatbeskawihlak they get facing,
cache or a temporary winter burial standing opposite
sepulture tatbeskawiwi even, level, the same,
tasamalki step on something, tread standing opposite, in an even manner

tasamalkimek pl tasamalkimekil one tatbeskhedahigan continuous breaking,

steps on something, pl steps, one climbs cracking nuts
as stairs tatbeso they is just like, it is the same
tasijigwam sew on to something tatbeskawtôzik one adapts to
tasita nail on, strike on something

tasiwi on top of, above, upon tatbigen it is the same, even, level

tassidaldam wish for something tatbiwi the same, in the same way

tastigan pl tastiganal a shelf tatmakwak the beavers (in general)

tasto put something on tatokakhowa he spreads something,

props it open
Tatôskok The Great Serpent

taw- down inside

tatb- alike, similar, even, same,
level
tawôlagahigan pl tawôlagahiganal an
instrument for making a hole, a drill
tatbestawiwi odanak opposite the city
tawabônka make bread in something
tatbi level, even, alike

332
tawabi sit in something tawskoda an opening in woods
tawabodi pl tawabodial a saddle tawta it is down in something, it is an
opening
Tawabodiiwajo Camel’s Hump, VT,
place to sit in mountain; saddle tawtahat make a hole in it
mountain, mountain seat; Named in tawtigan container
reference to Wjihozo giving the
mountain it shape by making it his seat tawtigan pl tawtiganal a container
see also Moziozagan, Kokkwibeskwanes
tawakan putting down inside, throwing tawz- cut a hole in, cut open
in
tawba it contains liquid
tawzôgan pl tawzôganal window, a cut
tawbagat pl tawbagajik he who casts opening
nets, into-water-thrower
tawzemi cut a hole
tawbaka throw into something as a
container
tawesmi drink from something taza- having clear space, clear of
obstructions; reject, refuse, push
tawi open back
tawigen it is open, there is an opening
in it
tazahiga thin out, make space
tawihla he is open
tazahigawôgan rejecting something
tawipegwahigan pl tawipegwahiganal
an ashtray tazawiwi spaced out, being free, having
room
tawipodi pl tawipodial a table
tazena clear a place, make room, move
tawipodiagen pl tawipodiagenal a
out of way
tablecloth
tbôbakhigan pl tbôbakhiganal a scale
tawlakihla a space in a canoe, it opens
down inside tbahikisosôgan pl tbahikisosôganal a
watch
tawpôgan a water trough
tbakweniga work at measuring, he
tawpôgan pl tawpôganal a large water
surveys
trough
tbalmômek enslave
tawsôganiya pl tawsôganiyak window
glass, window material tbalmeswôgan milômek one issues
tawsôzik it is cut, what is cut
tawsôzo he or it is cut open

333
tbelo- discuss tbaikizosôgan pl tbaikizosôganal a
watch, a clock
tbaikizosôganiônkawahlagiadiganal a
tbelodôzi discuss
watch chain, sun-measurer's linked metal
tbestawômek one listens to something objects
about someone
tbakwenem measure something
tbestawit one who listens to something
tbakwenigan pl tbakweniganal a
about me or us
measure, a boundary; a ruler or
tbidahôdôzi consider measuring tape
tbidahôdôzik one considers something, tbakwenigat one who measures, a
thinks it over, thinks about it surveyor; a measuring worm
tbidahôdôzo it is considered, though tbakwenigawôgan measuring, act of
about measuring
tbidahôda consider
tbidahôdam consider something tbal- (tabal-) own
tbidahôzi think
tbidahôzimek one thinks tbaldam have a right; a boss; own
tbidahôzo they thinks tbaldami ôssowôgan authority, have
tbôbakhiga weigh the right to act

tbôbakhigamek one weighs, measures tbaldamwôgan ownership, mastery

the weight of tbalma own someone, be his master
tbôbakhigan pl tbôbakhiganal a scale, tbalmeswôgan liberty, self-ownership,
balance, weighing instrument self-mastery
tbôbakwhozi weigh self Tbalmezoikisokw Independence day

tba- measure tbask- observe, watch, pay

attention to
tbagiwi in open water (one way to hunt
beaver) tbaskhodigan pl tbaskhodiganak a
tbaham measure something direction sign, symbol, letter of the
alphabet, an indicator
tbahigan pl tbahiganal a utensil for
measuring a unit of volume; a measure tbaskodiganikahômek a parable; one
does (tells) a short lesson story
tbahigawôgan the act of measuring a
volume quantity

334
tbaskhodawa observe someone, watch tbikwôgan apathy
someone, pay attention to someone tbinôzo it is looked at
tbaskhozi pay attention to yourself, tbina look at it; look after it
watch yourself
tbinam they looks after/care for
something; they looks at something
tbelo- discuss, mention, tell, talk tbinawôt the one who looks after
about someone, a caretaker
tbinawôzo they is looked after, they is
tbeloda tell about something looked at
tbelodem they tells about something tbinawa look at someone; look after
someone; they look after/care for
tbelodema tell about someone
someone
tbelodemezi talk about self
tbitkasmi swim right or well
tbelodemowôgan pl tbelodemowôganal
tbitmowahigawôgan trouble making
a trial
tbokw pl tbokwal the night, dark time
tbelol velvet <Fr. du velours
of the night, later than evening
tbeloliya velvet material
tbseda listen for something
tbeloma talk about someone, mention
tbsedawa listen to someone
someone
tego pl tegoak a wave
tbeskahigan pl tbeskahiganal a hay
stack tegoika there are many waves, it is
rough water
tbesta listen to something
telaps pl telapsak a steel-trap
tbestam he listens to something
tepeskahigan pl tepeskahiganal a
tbestamasi listen, hear
haystack
tbestawa listen to someone, hear
tesitto fasten something, affix
someone
something
tbidahôma think about someone
ti tea <Eng. Tea
tbidahômdôzik one thinks something
tidesso pl tidessoak a blue jay
over, one studies something
tiibakol tea leaves, meadow-sweet,
tbidahôda study
Spiraea latifolia
tbidahôdam think about something
tiigwat pl tiigwadak teapot, teacup
tbidahôzi think (in general)
tikilisôd pl tikilisôdak dumpling <Fr.
tbidahôzimek one thinks des glissantes
tbihla it happens
335
tikkadahigan hitting the ground around tkasm- swim
here
tikkagamazo they stamps the ground
tkasmowôgan bathing
with his heels
tkawansen cool air , a cool breeze
tikkakmowadin a proposal, male suitor
dances on his heels around the outside of tkaso it is a little cold
the wigwam tkebaga it is cold water
timeno pl timenoal a melon <Fr. du tkebakihla the water is getting colder
melon
tkebi pl tkebial cold water, a spring
tipwabel pl tipwabelak a pepper <Fr.
du poivre tkebis pl tkebisal a little cold or fresh
water, a little spring
tipwabelama use as pepper
tkekemezenem catch a cold
tipwabeli nodasis a pepper-box
tkegisgat it is cool or cold weather
tis a little tea, some tea
tkelôgwihla it becomes a cold evening
tiskwôdi pl tiskwôdial an arrow with a
head and feathers tkelômsen a cold wind

titbokwigeb it was during the night tkesnôzik one soothes something

titeso pl titesoak blue jay tkessossawôgan increase, growth

titgeli pl titgeliak a screech owl, a cat tkiadôzik one freshens something

owl, Otus asio naevius tkigamiga it is cold in the house
titgelikwazimek one makes screech tkigen it is cold
owl call
tkihla become cold
titgelikwazo they makes screech owl
tkinôganis pl tkinôganisal jack-in-the-
call
pulpit, little cradle board, Arisaema
triphyllum
tk- cold tkisnôzik one quiets or calms
something
tkitbagat it is a cold night
tkôban it is a cold dawn
tkobi spring water
tka it is cold (as weather)
tkosmigazik that drink which
tkagisgat it is cold weather
stimulates
tkakikan cold planting
tkanagak at cold island
tksk- mix up, tousled, tangle

336
tkskôba pl tkskôbaak tousled headed tkwigwek that which is heavy
man tkwigwelek one who is heavy
tkskôdeba pl tkskôdebal an uncombed tkwigwi heavy
head, a tousled head
tkwigwgisgat it is a heavy day,
tkskôdebôt pl tkskôdebôjik the one oppressive weather
with tousled head, he that is uncombed
tkwgwinôgwat it looks heavy
tkskôdelômsokon the wind tangles the
hair tkwgwinôgwzo they looks heavy
tkwigwi heavy

tkw- (tagwôk-) uphill tkwigwnigan pl tkwigwniganal the

weight added to a deadfall trap stick
tkwigwsanigan pl tkwigwsaniganal
tkwôka it goes uphill the heavy log of a deadfall trap
tkwôkin going uphill tlap pl tlapak a club in playing cards, a
tkwôko they goes uphill card, a map
tlaphamôt one who plays cards
tkwen- arrest, make prisoner tlapis small trap
tlapis pl tlapisak the club in playing
cards
tkwenômek one apprehends, arrests
someone tlaps pl tlapsak a steel trap <Eng. Trap
tkwena arrest someone tlapsôbi pl tlapsôbial trap chain
tkwendowôgan state of being under tlapsis pl tlapsisak a little trap
arrest tlotsal pl tlotsal barley <Eng. Oats
tkwenigan pl tkweniganak a prisoner,
a captive
tm- (tem-, tam-) cut, sever
tkwenka make an arrest transversely
tkwenkawôgan an arrest
tkwendowôgan being under arrest tmôbida he teethes, cuts teeth
tmôbaghigan balance
tkwigw- heavy tmôbakhigan a balance, weighing
instrument (scale)
tkwigwak it is heavy, the heavy thing tmôdebazo they cuts off head, cuts off
tips of branches as with a knife
tkwigwan a pound, a weight, it is heavy
tmada amputate
337
tmakika cut planting, i.e. plant cuttings tmamalsowinebizon pl
tmamalsowinebizonal a medicine for
tmakikan cutting planting
malaise, Inula helenium
tmakwa pl tmakwak beaver, tree
tmanhok it breaks off and falls over
cutter
tmaskezôwôgan pl tmaskezôwôganal
tmakwaôlo pl tmakwaôloak beaver
scythe, also grass cutting sickle, mowing
tail, the common type of moccasin toe
machine
tmakwaawa pl tmakwaawaak a
tmaskezôwa they mows
beaver pelt
Tmaskikos July, the hay cutter
tmakwaawa pl tmakwaawak beaver
pelt, fur tmawôgan snowshoe weaving
instrument
tmakwadiga he cuts wood
tmawikhôzo he or it is striped
tmakwaiya beaver meat
horizontally
tmakwainadialwôgan beaver hunting
tmanakw stub
tmakwaitlaps pl tmakwaitlapsak
tmezôzik that which is cut, it is cut
beaver trap
tmazkadama he grazes, eats grass
tmahigan pl tmahiganal axe or hatchet
tmazkezôwa he cuts grass, mows hay
Tmahigan Albany, NY; axe, hatchet,
instrument for cutting tmazkesa cut grass
Tmahigani Mahican, Albany Indian or tmejôlazonôt one who cuts off his nose
Schaghticoke Indian of Stillwater tmejôlazonôzik one cuts off their nose
tmahiganis pl tmahiganisal a little ax, tmesôzowa he is cut
a hatchet
tmezôwa they cuts
Tmahiganitegw the Hudson River,
Mahican river Tmezôwas August, harvesting month

Tmahiganiwajo Mahican Mountain, tmeza cut across

Quebec, names for Albany Indians who tmezemawômek one cuts something
once lived there for someone
Tmakwa Jamaica, VT, from Jameco, or tmezemawa cut for someone
Yamecah, a beaver, the cutter; present
tmezemawit one who cuts something
day Vermont Abenaki community
for me or us
tmakwaipona set beaver traps,
tmezpanahon pl tmezpanahonak
tmakwasis pl tmakwasisak water scissors
strider insect; a little beaver
tmihla it gets cut, it is cut
tmikôda it is a cut off leg

338
tmiminot half a bushel tojidoo they flies by
tojihla fly by, go by
tmiskw- figure with straight sides toji msôdwa speak so loud
and square corners tojiwi then, there, thus

tmiskwada it is square, set squarely tok- wake, arise; split, open

tmiskwi square (equal sides, square
corners)
tokakw stick for propping something
tmiskwigek a square thing, it is square open
tmiskwigen it is square in shape tokakwhigan pl tokakwhiganal
tmitahômek one hits someone with an spreading instrument, cross yard of a
axe sailboat
tmokwatahigan pl tmokwatahiganal a Tokakwhowat a Spreader, the one who
sword, neck by blow cutting instrument props something open, mythological
mischief makers
tmidawagwazônôzik one cuts their ears
off tokapska spread open rock, rock split
by frost
tmidawagwazonôt one who cut his ears
off toki awake
tmigwadahôt one who cuts the other's tokihla become awake
neck tokima awaken someone
tmigwazôt one who cuts the other's tokimezi wake self up
throat
tokinalômek one or it brightens up
tmigwazo they cuts a throat
tokinala cause someone to awaken
tmigwazoso they cuts her own throat
tokit one who awakens
tmihla it gets cut, it is cut
toko he is awake
tmitaha cut someone or something with
a blow as with an axe tokoldimek someone awakens

tmokwataigan pl tmokwataiganal a tokskwat ice honeycombs and spring

sword flood water sinks through it

tobagtaigamek pamibiamek one tolba pl tolbak a turtle

splashes when one paddles tolbasis pl tolbasisak a little turtle, a
todokesawas pl todokesawazak a baby young turtle
rattle, pl. bells toli build a boat
toji then, there, thus Toloti Dorothy
339
Tomô Thomas totosado pass something
Toodam pl Toodamak ancestral animal totosnôbo milk
ancestor, totem; Abenaki community totpôwla be so frightened of someone
moniker, see mosomis
tottegwa it flows past
topoihla bunchberry, Cornus
canadensis; white frost
tosôn pl tosônal a shed or covered tow- moving or flying in the air
entryway, addition to a house
tosnodi bed for building a birch bark towi in movement in air, flying in the
canoe air
towibegwahla dust flies
tot- such a time, place, manner towibegwalômsen sandstorm, wind full
of flying dust or sand

totabi be so placed, be in position, be in towibekwioo there is flying dust

a situation towibekwota the air is filled with dust
totabit he sits so, he is situated so towigôbi come out, stand out
totabwôgan mawia improvement, towipegw blowing dust, dust in the air
position better
towlômsen windswept, it blows about,
totaskaden it is so frozen it is blowing
totelômsen the wind blows so, wind towpakiazo it splashes, water flies in
passes air
totkanni travel there, travel by towsao it flies or moves through the air
totkannit he who travels by, he travels
by
tozgo- spend the night
toto go somewhere
totos pl totosal mammary, woman's
breast tozgwôzik one spends the night,
overnights
totosa walk past, go by
tozgwôt one who spends the night,
totosadôzik one passes something overnights
totosalômek one passes someone tozgom spend the night, overnight; they
totosala pass by someone spends the night
totosao he or it passes by tpitmowahigawôgan trouble making
totosat one who passes by, he passes by

340
W wôbamakw pl wôbamakwak
whitefish, Coregonus clupeoformis neo-
hantoniensis Prescott
wôbôban it is first light wôbamakwsis pl wôbamakwsisak
wôbôbenosek white bead (wampum) shad, alewife, little whitefish
place wôbamasis pl wôbamasisak whitefish
wôbôbi pl wôbôbial wampum, a white wôban dawn
bead
Wôbanaki Dawnland, the east; an
wôbôdebôt white headed one Abenaki Indian
wôbômka white sand Wôbanakiôdwawôgan Abenaki
wôbaga it is white water, white liquid language, Abenaki speech

Wôbagok Umbagog Lake, NH, at the Wôbanakii pl Wôbanakiiak Abenaki,

white, clear lake a Dawnland person, an Easterner

wôbahla pl wôbahlak a white bird Wôbanakiiodana pl

Wôbanakiiodanak Abenaki town
wôbaks pl wôbaksak a shirt
Wôbanakiwik pl Wôbanakiwikil that
wôbaksagen pl wôbaksagenak a sheet, which is Abenaki, it is Abenaki
shirt material
Wôbanakiwit pl Wôbanakiwijik one
wôbaksagenis pl wôbaksagenisak who is Abenaki, he is Abenaki
bluets, little shirt material, spring
beauties Claytonia virginlana and bluets wôbanek at the dawn, on the east side
Houstonia caerulea wôbapskw pl wôbaskol white rock
wôbaksigamigw pl wôbaksigamigol a wôbaskaden it is hard white frost,
tent frozen white
wôbaksis pl wôbaksisak a little shirt, wôbasokw pl wôbasokwak a white
usually a little cloth cloud, white sky
wôbaksisagen pl wôbaksisagenak a wôbassem pl wôbassemok an
little cloth opossum, Didelphidae, literally a white
wôbaksisiya a cloth, rag, little white dog
material wôbbaga it is white liquid (or water)
wôbakwat it is a white stick wôbbagak the white liquid
wôbakwsek pl wôbakwsekil mountain wôbhagas pl wôbhagazak carp, white
maple, white bush, little white stick, body fish, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus
name of Acer spicata

wôbi white

341
 wôbikit pl wôbikijik a white man, one
who is white
wôbiôdeb pl wôbiôdebal a white head
wôbikkil masksaal white blankets
wôbiôgwses pl wôbiôgwsesak white
fox wôbikwsos pl wôbikwsosak a mouse
wôbiaden pl wôbiadenak a white wôbimôni pl wôbimôniak silver, white
mountain money
wôbibekw lime or chalk wôbimakwbagak white wine
wôbidôwan pl wôbidôwanal gums of wôbimalomen pl wôbimalomenal
the mouth white rice grain
wôbigamigw a white house wôbimalomenisal Rice soup; white rice
wôbigek that which is white wôbimen pl wôbimenal chestnut, a
white berry, Castanea dentata
wôbigen it is white
wôbimizi pl wôbimiziak chestnut tree,
wôbigezit a white fly
white woody plant, Castanea dentata
wôbigi be white
wôbinamas; wôbamagw a whitefish
wôbigihlakwis pl wôbigihlakwisak a
wôbipegw lime
small domestic goose
wôbipelaz pl wôbipelazak a white
wôbigilhakw pl wôbigilhakwak a
pigeon
white goose
wôbitôgan pl wôbitôganal a toothache
wôbigimek one is white
wôbiwajo pl wôbiwajoak a white
wôbigit one who is white
mountain
wôbigit azib a white sheep
wôboz pl wôbozak an elk
wôbigo he is white
wôbskihla there is a little white frost
wôbigwsos pl wôbigwsosak a mouse,
wôbtegwa pl wôbtegwak wild goose,
little white rodent person
white face
wôbihla pl wôbihlak white hair, he
Wôbtegwaaden Whiteface Mountain,
becomes white
NY
wôbijo pl wôbijoal a table plate
wôbwaôn pl wôbwaônak a blanket
wôbijoan it is white current, white
water rapids
wôbijoazek where the white water wôg- bend, curve
rapids are
wôbikihlakw pl wôbikihlakok a wôgina pl wôginak rib of a canoe
domestic goose, a gander goose

342
wôgwas pl wôgwazal a bear den, winter Wôlinaki pl Wôlinakiak a person from
quarters Becancour
wôgwha pl wôgwhak tree duck, crow Wôlinaktegw the Becancour River
duck wôliniaik it is a bay
wôhôbaks pl wôhôbaksak a small shirt wôljebagw pl wôljebagok a bog, a
wôhôbaksis small shirt marsh
wôigan backbone wôlkôgan pl wolkôganak, wôlkôganal
a shovel, a spade
Wôkwes-ville Uncasville, CT, fox +
'ville' < Eng. Village wôlkôma he digs out someone
wôkwses pl wôkwsesak a fox wôlka dig a hole
wôlkaa a hole in the ground, ground
full of hollows
wôl- hollowed out, hallow
wôlkaa hollow place
wôlkahiga dig a hole
wôlôgama a lake in a hollow
wôlkahigan pl wôlkahiganal a shovel,
wôlakoik there is a hole
a digging implement
wôlagw pl wôlagol a hole
wôlkahigat a digger, one who digs
wôlagwesek where there is a hole,
wôlkamômek one digs out someone
where there are holes
wôlkamika a low area, depression
wôlapska hollow in rock
wôlkat one who digs, the digger
wôleska dig out, hollow out
wônôtakwiwi under the branches
wôleskahiga dig out, hollow out as with
a gouge wôsesso pl wôsessoak bullpout, horned
pout, Ameiuras nebulosus nebulosus
wôleskahigan pl wôleskahiganal a
gouge, chisel, hollow out tool wôspôsaki very early (every morning)
wôleskaolagw pl wôleskaolagol a wôwahla instead
dugout canoe, hollowed out boat wôwan pl wôwanal an egg
wôlhana a valley, a hollow wôwaninoda pl wôwaninodaal an egg
wôli hollow basket
wôligen it is hollow, hollowed out wôwaniwalaga pl wôwaniwalagal an
eggshell
wôligo they is hollow
wôwiôgen it is curved in shape, a
wôlikws a hollower, something that
curved form
hollows something else
wôwiwnigwahla go around and around
Wôlinak Becancour
343
wôwlôwsi continue to feel good wabatôgwzi one makes a ruckus, a
tumult, a loud noise
wôwlinanawalmômek one continues to
take good care of someone wabeskwa bladder
wôwlinanawalma continue to take wabeskwa pl wabeskwaal a bubble, a
good care of someone blister, fish's air bladder
wôwzigaldam it grieves someone wabeskwaazo blistered
continually wabeskwaihla it blisters, becomes
wa this one, this person blistered
wabeskwasis pl wabeskwasisal a small
blister or bubble
waask- shallow (water)
Wabeskwazek Popsquash Island in
Lake Champlain, where fish bladder is
waaskakihlôga it (water) goes down,
wabi buttock, ham haunch
becomes shallow
wabotes pl wabotesal a big boat,
waaskakit it gets shallow, water level
lifeboat, sailboat
goes down
wachapkw pl wachapkol a root
waaskat it is shallow water
wachil pl wachilal white oak acorn
waaskihla water level goes down, low
tide, a pool dying in summer wachilmezi pl wachilmeziak white oak
tree
wachoimen pl wachoimenal beechnut,
waba- trouble
mountain berry
wachoimisi pl wachoimisiak beech,
wabakhlômek one causes someone mountain tree, American beech, Fagus
trouble grandifolia
wabakhla cause someone trouble; they wadôgemimek one has snow shoes
causes someone trouble
wadôpakihlôt one who is related to
wabankamek one makes trouble someone
wabanka make trouble; they makes wadôwzit he lives from it, his living,
trouble his food
wabankawôgan a rebellion, revolt, wada this, this one (in the past)
uprising, revolution, insurrection
wadab pl wadabal root to sew with
wabanogwak an uproar
Wadaba Watuppa Ponds, Mass, root
wabatôgwadokamek one makes a loud
wadabiahla come paddling (from
disturbance
somewhere)

344
wadagwôbagezi be related to wadnemawômek one takes something
for someone
wadagwôgotama I am related to it (a
tribe) wadosa go from somewhere, disappear
wadaka act, perform; they acts or wadosaan which is the place you’re
performs walking from
wadakemit a very poor, bad, wadosaik what went from somewhere,
disgusting, or lousy person it went from somewhere
wadakokôt one of the other side wadosao disappear
wadakosa come from the other side;
they comes from the other side wag- injure, destroy, damage
wadakosat one who comes from the
other side
wagôligws pl wagôligwsak wheel, cart,
wadakwa pl wadakwak pickerel
wagon
wadakwalômsen it blows from a
wagôlosen wall
certain direction
wagaômtigan pl wagaômtiganal rim
wadakwosa they walks from a certain
place wagahôzo one uses her
wadamôbamegwzit the one that is wagaloka work damage, do damage,
brownish, he that is tobacco colored destroy
(name for a brown bear) wagalokaik it is destructive, that which
wadamwaik embarrassing destroys
wadawaha scout, look around, wagalokao it is destructive
reconnoiter wagalokawinno iconoclast, one who
wadayhimit the one who owns breaks
something, owner waganôzik one disrupts something
wadlômsek where the wind comes from wagawôwsowôgan disturbing
wadkannia I travel from somewhere wagawôzo disturbed
wadnômek one takes someone wagawidahôzwôgan anxiety, being
wadnôzik one takes something troubled mentally
wadnômek one gets, takes, or chooses wagawitaôwôgan anxiety
wadna get provisions wagawitahôzo he is mentally upset,
troubled, undecided
wadnema I take it
wagawjagosa there is trouble, there is
wadniga get
crap going down

345
wagawkaa rough or broken land wagonakwam pl wagonakwamal stick
wagawkahla become ruined, be wagsano he damages his health, strains
destroyed physique (as by heavy lifting)
wagawnômek one troubles, disturbs wagsozowôgan a cut with a knife
someone wagtahôzo he is broken by a blow, he is
wagawnôzik one troubles, disturbs injured
something wagtahozowôgan a cut with an axe
wagawnaga cause trouble wagtasen it falls
wagawnagamek one causes trouble for wagtasin they falls
someone
wagwan pl wagwanak a heel
wagawnakamek one troubles, disturbs
wagwanôgihla it becomes shaped like a
wagawnemawômek one troubles, heel
disturbs something for someone
wagwanisak little heels; a small, quick-
wagazigadik when it is a few years diving duck
later, in a few years
wagwankesen pl wagwankesenal a
wagazokwenagat it is a few days ago, moose-hock moccasin
the last few days
wah! an exclamation of vexation
wagesoso cuts
wahôdgwihlômek one raves
wagiômek one spoils, breaks, damages
someone
wagihômek one damages or ruins wai- always
someone
wagiha break, injure, ruin someone waijipi always eating
wagin pl waginak wagon <Eng. Wagon waijitta really always
wagina they is broken waijiwi always, all the time
waginat what is broken or spoiled, he is waiotabatôgwzo they is always talking
broken or spoiled
waiotosa always walking
wagitôzik one breaks or spoils
something waitakanni always traveling

wagitôzik one spoils, breaks, damages waitakannit one who travels always
something waitegwasi always sleeps
wagitôzo one damages or ruins waiyagidahôzikhômek one brightens
something up
wagito break or spoil something wajôhwa spawn

346
 wajamômek one kisses someone
wajôn- have, possess wajami kiss me
wajamit the one that kisses me, he
kisses me
wajônômek one has someone
wajamok the one that I kiss
wajônôzik one has something
wajôna have someone
wajapk- root
wajônaba azawanimena they would
have some plums
wajônem have something wajapk pl wajapkol a root
wajônem awighiganebi they has some wajapkamwinno a rooting person, a
ink person who roots, a rooter
wajônemawômek one has something wajapkwis pl wajapkwisal a small root
for someone wajatôzik one kisses
wajônemawit one who has something wajatawômek one kisses something
for me or us for, of someone
wajônemji wôôbaksigamigw they will wajatwôgan act of kissing
have a tent
wajônemob paskhigan they had a gun
waji for, from, to
wajônemobanik wigwaol they had a
bark-canoe
wajônemok wissigwakhiganal they waji-nahilôt the east
have some envelopes wajiawit where he is from, i.e. where
wajônemokba adbimenal they would he lives, where he belongs
have some cherries wajidôzik one makes it from
wajônemokji abaznodaal they will something, it is made from something
have some baskets wajidawi formerly, in the past, before,
prior to
waja- kiss wajigajik what is cut off, cut-off thing,
it is cut off
wajigwzit where one crawls out
wajadôzik one kisses something
wajihegan one, those, or that which
wajada kiss returns you
wajadwôgan embrace wajihla they comes from somewhere
wajamôan more than two people kiss

347
waji ôda awanihi hlôdikw when they wakhôlihws pl wakhôlihwsal a cart; a
should tell no one wheel, pl. a cart, wagon, carriage,
wheels
wajiji in order that
wakhôlikwsis pl wakhôlikwsisak a
wajimôjassaik in the beginning
little wheel made by a Manôgemas, good
wajo pl wajoak a mountain, a hill luck charm
wajoik that which is a mountain, it is a wakitawômek one spoils, breaks,
mountain damages something for someone
wajoika many mountains, a group or
range of mountains
wakwô- shut in, enclose
wajoimahalakws pl
wajoimahalakwsak mountain ash, the
brown or black ash, Fraxinus nigra wakwôdes pl wakwôdesak woodworm,
wajoimen pl wajoimenal a beech-nut snail; an ignorant person, a know-
nothing
wajoimizi pl wajoimiziak a beech tree,
Fagus wakwôgan pl wakwôganal an
enclosure without an opening
wajoit one who is a mountain
wakwôgek something which encloses, a
Wajosek Mount Wachusett, Mass, at house partition
the mountain
wakwôlodo make an enclosure, a
surrounding wall
wakas- a few wakwôlozen a strong enclosure, a fort
wakwôlozo it is enclosed, shut in, in a
wakasnol a few things fort

wakaswak few persons wakwataha exterminate someone

wakasômkwat a few words

wakasômtegwagesoak a few hundreds wal- (wl-) good
wakasadegwa a few hundred
wakasenolsisal a few things walôba pl walôbak a handsome man
wakasessen a few things walôbait one who is good looking
wakasigaden a few years past walôbik that which is visible, it is
visible
wakasokamigwzoak a few families,
they are a few families walôgiado shape something well
wakawaalek an echo, it reverberates walôgwiwik when it is evening

348
walôias pl walôiazak saw whet owl, Walastegw Aroostook River, Maine,
Aegolius acadica acadica beautiful shallow river
Walômak Lake Waramaug, CT, at the
good fishing place walda- know
walômasokamek one swears an oath
walômawaldamikhômek one makes
waldam know, be aware of something
someone believe
walebadak a good brew of tea, it is a
walômawalmômek one believes
good brew
someone
walelômsek a nice breeze
walômawalmit one who believes
walema probably not
walômawaltôzik one believes
something wali good, well
walômazokat a testifier, he who is waliômek one makes someone
sworn in; he who makes truth, does right walidahômômek one thinks well, likes,
walômwaldamohodit what they esteems someone
believe, their belief walidahômekwesit the esteemed one
walôwadenik the blue mountain walitbamamgwak when it (said of
walôwzimek one lives well, feels well weather) is just right
walaga pl walagal rind, shell, husk, waligek pl walikkil what is good,
pod, bark something good
walagaoo there is bark on a tree waligek wigwôm a fine house
walagaskw pl walagaskol bark waligijik asesak fine horses
walagaskwis pl walagaskwisal, waligit a good looking woman;
walagaskwisak cinnamon sticks, a someone that is good
little piece of bark walihômek one makes someone
walagazoak fish scales waliha make someone
walalmegwzit one who is blessed walikkil tasakwabonal good chairs
walamadôzik when one likes the feel or walilawahômek one pleases someone
sensation of something
walilawaha please someone
walamamômek when one likes the feel
or sensation of someone walilawatôzik one pleases someone
with something
walamtok thankful
walilawato they pleases him with
walaskw pl walaskol a husk something

349
walillak that which is the very truth, it wanôbôthlôt one who loses himself
is the very truth wanôbôthlezit one who loses sight of
walintôgwak agreeable something
walitôzik one makes something wanôbôthlezo he is lost from him,
separated from his companion
walitbahlômek one fixes, sets someone
in order wanôbamôt lost
walitbahtôzik one fixes, sets something wanôbigwalego blinded
in order wanôdaminôgwzo they looks foolish
walitbamalsit one who feels well, well wanôdamina crazy, foolish
fixed
wanôdaminadiskwa crazy woman
walitbi fixed
wanôdaminat an idiot, one who is
walitbigit a good one, it is suitable, well insane
made
wanôdaminawôgan foolishness,
walitbigek fixed craziness
walitok they who makes something wanôdgwiômek one drives someone
walkasmi swim well crazy
walskwait handsome woman wanôdgwihlôt one who is crazy
wanôdgwihla they is losing her mind
wam- fit; enough wanôdgwihlawôgan a hallucination,
frenzy, act of losing one’s mind

wamenaka have enough time to do

something wanôk- arise from lying or sitting
position
wamhama have enough
wami enough
wanôkela make someone get up
wamikiztôzik one provides, one makes
enough wanôki arise, get up, i.e. stand up from
sitting or lying position
wamipi eat enough, have enough to eat
wanôkihla arise fast, get up
wamitôgwsit the son
wanôkimda get up quick
wamta it fits
wanôko he arises, he gets up (from
sitting or lying position)
wan- forget, lost, lose
wanahlos pl wanahlosak forgetful
person, he loses his mind

350
wanahlosat mind wanaskwôgo the end of a bank
wanahlosoo loses wanaskwôgoi pl wanaskwôgoiak one
who lives on a pointed bank
wanaldôzik one forgets something
wanaskwôtakwan the tip, the end of
wanalda forget
pole
wanaldam forget something
wanaskwadekw end of a narrow point
wanaldawômek one forgets something of land
of, about someone
Wanaskwategok Wonasquatucket
wanalmômek one forgets someone River, RI, at the head of source of the
wanalma forget someone river

wanalmit he is forgetful by habit or wanaskwadena summit

nature wanaskwechôla the end of the nose
wanalmômek one forgets someone wanaskwesita the end of the foot
wanaldamasko forgetful wanaskwigwen pl wanaskwigwenok
wanamônit the father the end feather of a wing
wanaskwilinôgan the mouth end of a
pipe
wanas- meet, encounter
wanaskwiwi at the end
wanaskwolagwa the end of a boat
wanask- an end
wanesmigazek he is drunk, lost
drinking
wanaskôwadin a group meeting, a Wanesmit Winnesimet ferry in old
coming together Boston, where one gets us drunk
wanaskôwadwôgan meeting, act of wanesmo drunk
meeting
wanesnijassik intoxicating
wanaskôwatoak they meet each other
wani lose, lost
wanaskôwatoal things meet each other
waniadôzik one loses something
wanaskak that which meets something
waniado lose something
wanaskawômek one meets someone
wanialôbi lose sight of someone
wanaskawôt one who meets someone
wanialômek one loses someone
wanaskotagôwadoak they meet and
collide waniala lose someone

wanaskwôgiwi at the end of a (pointed) wanialeso disappears

bank

351
wanialewat he loses the other, he wantastazo he gives the wrong
causes the other to be lost directions (for traveling or finding
something)
wanialdoak the one that loses the
other(s), he loses the others Wantastegw the Lost River, VT, river
on which it is easy to get lost
wanibagw pl wanibagol a leaf
wantastigan a thing put away which
wanibagwis pl wanibagwisal a little
cannot be found, a lost object
leaf
wantatôgwzo he speaks much and says
wanibagwoo there are leaves, it is in
nothing worthwhile, he sounds lost
leaf
waojitasinok collide, they comes face
wanidahôzit one who is forgetful
to face with him
wanidahôzo forgetful, of a forgetful
nature, absent minded, scatter brained
wanihlôk that thing that gets lost waol- good, nice, appropriate
wanihlôt one who gets lost
waniskib stalk waolômkak sand all around, it is all
sandy
wanitahôzo loses
waolôwzi be very well, continue to live
wankamiksowôgan forgetful, of a well
forgetful nature, absent minded, scatter
brained waoladaga fix one's self up nicely,
especially one's hair
wankwada he goes lost, he disappears
waoladagak that which is very fine
wankwadahla becomes material, it is very fine material
wanosa disappears waoladakham fix one's self up nicely
wanosat the lost one (especially one's hair) customarily
wanowa pl wanowaal a cheek waolagan he is a very good fellow, a
good fellow
waolahôdosis a good boy (used for a
wanta- lose, interrupt, disturb dog), literally good little spirit
waolimôgwak sweet smelling thing
wantadahôzwôgan a distraction waolimôgwat sweet smelling one
wantama interrupt someone, distract waolinôgwat one who looks very nice,
someone, disturb someone very well fixed
wantas something misplaced waolinasat one who breathes well
wantastazit one who gives wrong waolitbagi be well suited
directions, gets one lost

352
waolosahiga it continues to go well
waoskinnosiswiôna when I was a little wasagipimek one tastes or eats
boy something or someone bitter
waoskittawama it is a thing to put on wasagipogwak when it tastes bitter,
waospôsaki early every morning what tastes bitter

waospôsaldam he arises always early wasagipogwzit one who tastes bitter

waospôswiwi early every morning

waospôzoltin they (indefinite number) wasas- slippery
are early
wasassa it is slippery
waot- put together, collide, make wasawôgan fishing with a flame
contact, join wasawa pl wasawal a pumpkin, a
squash
waotôbkenowat pl waotôbkenowajik wasawas pl wasawazal an orange
a lobster, the one that grabs wasigwa pl wasigwak dusky duck
waotaboak put together wasilmegwa my son-in-law, he who is
waotagenôzo it is joined said to live with me
waotagenem he joins something wasilmit my son-in-law
waotagwôt place where one lands waskigit a young person
waotenem he joins something together waskinnowia when I was young
waotokwaboak sit waskitabilit one sitting on something
waotokwasitaza they walks with toes in waskitak pl waskitakkil what is on
something
waotosaa when I went there
waskitawagamek cloak, what is worn
waotosak they come together, go
over something
together, join
waskwaigek a piercing
waotowinôgwzo they is distinguished
appearing wasogwa lenticel (the corky spots in the
young bark of twigs)
waowigwzo they likes to sleep any time
wasogwenagat it was a few days ago
waozikinôgwzo they is poor looking,
homely, miserable looking
wassa- light, clear , clean, shining
wasag- bitter (wsag-)

353
wassaôbi see clearly wassanigat one that gives light
wassaômka it is bright clear sand, white wassanmôgan pl wassanmôganal
sand instrument for illuminating, especially
torch or candle
Wassabaastegw The White River, VT, a
clear water river wasanmôganakwamek one sets a
candlestick
Wassabaga Lake Clear, White Lake,
clear water wasanmôganakwa set a candle stick;
they sets a candlestick
wassabastegwoo it is a clear water river
Wassanmômek Candlemas Day
wassada it is bright, it is light
wassandimek one gives light
wassaga daylight
wassanwôgan a light, a torch,
wassagan making a nest
illumination
wassageda it is lighted
wassategw pl wassategol clear river
wassahlôk daylight
Wassawôlansit Wesserunsett, Maine,
wassahla it becomes bright one who spears by torchlight
wassaitbakat it is a clear night wassazao it gets lighter or brighter
wassajit one that is blonde watagwa pl watagwak a pickerel
wassajtak thing that is blonde watbôtak he is the head man, he is
wassagisgat it is a clear day, bright day heading it

wassakwhla light it, kindle it, it watbôdeb pl watbôdebak the head one
becomes bright; a light is turned on wattak from this, hence
wassakwhlaazo it is lighted,
illuminated; lighting flashes
waw- learn, know
wassakwhlanigan pl
wassakwhlaniganal a lighted
instrument, torch, lantern, electric light Wawôbadenek the White Mountains,
wassakwhlaniganô they light up New Hampshire; the Adirondack
Mountain high peaks
wassanôzo it is lighted
wawôdam they is intelligent, knowing
wassana illuminate, light up someone,
something wawôdamwôgan intelligence

wassanemôt he lights or kindles it wawôdamwinno pl wawôdamwinnoak

an intelligent person
wassanigan pl wassaniganal thing
which becomes lighted, gets lighted; wawôdoka inform-tell, warn
illuminating implement, torch, lamp wawôdokawôgan a warning

354
wawôdokawômek one notifies, warns wawamadôzik when one feels
someone something physically
wawôdokawa inform someone, warn wawamadam they feels something
someone physically
wawôjemimek one warns, notifies wawamamômek when one feels
something physically
wawôjemit the warner, he warns
wawamama they feels someone
wawôjemoik a telephone, the informer
physically
wawôjemoiskweda pl
wawanôkit the always getting up one
wawôjemoiskwedaal a signal fire
wawanihlôt one who usually gets lost,
wawôjemowôgan a notice,
customarily gets lost
advertisement, warning
wawanolewa they loses others, puts
wawôjiganazo they is crooked legged
them off the track, fools them
wawôtôzo they is instructed, trained,
Wawanolewat Graylock, he who
has wisdom
habitually loses the others, fools them
wawabibagw pl wawabibagok a poplar
wawadema he knows how to lace
snowshoes wawap- upwards, up high, in the
air
wawagawnaga cause much trouble
wawagwijin know how to swim
wawapabit one sitting high up
wawala discover someone
wawapiazo rise up vertically
wawaldôzik one knows something
wawapibakw pl wawapibakok eastern
wawaldôzo it is known poplar, Populus deltoides, high leaf
wawalda know (in general), be wawapihla he or it goes up vertically,
knowing flies up
wawaldam they knows something wawapikôthigan pl wawapikôthiganal
wawalego they notices something a sleigh
wawalema they knows someone wawapita it is up high, rises
wawalemegwat it is well known wawapiwi upward, up high
wawalemegwzi be well known wawapsato raise it up, make it higher
wawalemit one who knows me or us
wawaliwi repeatedly, again and again wawas- holy, sacred
wawaloka know how to work, he
knows the work
355
wawasalmegwat what is blessed wawibeniwi being very calm, when it is
very calm
wawasalmegwadich let it be blessed
wawidaôdôzik alôwadik one
wawasalmegwzit one who is blessed
appreciates something
wawasi kigamowinno pl wawasi
wawidahôdama remember someone
kigamowinnoak an evangelist
wawidahôgam they remembers
wawasigechokan pl wawasigechokanal
something
a re ous statue, a holy doll or image
wawidahôgwat it is understandable
wawasinno holy being
wawidahômgwat it is comprehended,
wawasinno pl wawasinnoak a holy
understood
person, a saint
wawidahôzimek one is knowledgeable,
wawasinnoit one who is a holy person
aware
wawasinnowôgan holiness
wawidahôzo they is knowledgeable,
Wawasitbokw Holy Night, Christmas aware
Eve
wawidahôzwôgan knowledge,
wawawinawômek one knows someone awareness, understanding
wawawinawa they knows someone wawido know how to do or make
wawazalmegwat it is made holy wawigakw spikenard, Aralia racemosa
wawazewa stand back; they stands back wawigamit the advisor, he advises
wawazewawimek one stands back wawigelôn it is very rainy
wawdoalamikawôn salutations wawigia I used to live or stay
wawesaki very bitter wawigimek where one usually camps, a
wawga know how to dance, be able to common camping place
dance wawigwômit the house owner
wawijakassodijik those who are sisters
wawi- often, everywhere, all over, together
frequent in space or time wawijiadijik those who are brothers
together

wawiôgan pl wawiôganal a curved wawikôdamwôgan thinking

form, a round or curved model or mold knowledgeable
or pattern wawikôtôzo they is knowledgeable
wawiôpwan the snow blows all over, wawikwôbao they always attracts
blows about, drifts people
wawilômwa pl wawilômwak a bee

356
wawilômwaibemi bee's wax wawipedgi know how to return
wawilômwaimelases honey, bee wawipegwigit the bronze grackle, all
molasses brown one
wawilômwaiotastahigan a bee's stinger wawisôwagwzit an all-yellow long one,
namely a carrot
wawilômwaiwazesa pl
wawilômwaiwazesaal bee's nest wawisin one learns about things,
becomes informed
wawilômwaizokal honey, bee's sugar
wawisit student, one who learns, he
wawilawadwôgan informed behavior,
learns, becomes informed
feeling understood
wawitôzo it is known
wawimômek one advises someone
wawitwôgan advice
wawimômek one advises, instructs,
warns, directs wawiwi often, frequently
wawima advise someone, instruct,
correct wawizôwajapkaszik goldthread, all-
wawimdowôgan advising yellow little roots, Coptis groenlandica
wawinôgwat it is apparent, it appears, it wawkamigwzowôgan understanding,
is seen of an understanding nature, having
understanding character
wawinôwadwôgan acknowledging,
recognizing wawkika know how to plant
wawinôzit one who is recognized wawkikan knowing how to plant
wawinôzo know how to do something wawkwada they has sense
wawina know, recognize someone wawkwadahla they gets sense, they
recovers his senses
wawinajo he is sensitive to cold, he
recognizes or feels the cold wawkwadanômek one gets sense,
develops, grows up
wawinamawô they recognizes he is
capable wawkwadat he has sense, spirit
wawinamawôt one who sees they is wawlitbinôgw niceness
capable wawotôzo they is instructed, they is
wawinamek one recognizes someone trained
wawinawô they knows him, they wawtam understand something
recognizes him wawtamikha make someone
wawinawôt one who knows him understand
wawinawa they knows someone,
recognizes someone

357
wawtamikhowamek one explains wazapilôbazenôt they cut them in thin
something to someone, one makes strips
something understood wazasizo they is slippery
wawtawôt one who understands him wazasshiga they slips
wawtema know how to lace snowshoes wazassigen it is slippery
wawtowinôgw distinctness wazassigo they is slippery
wawziginôgw homeliness wazassipozi slide (as downhill),
wazôasisa pl wazôasisak a snow snake slippery-slide
wazôli pl wazôliak snow, pl. snowballs wazasskemegwat it is slippery walking
wazôliinebi snow water wazasslegwa the ice is slippery
wazôlis a little snow
wazômawighigamek one writes too wazaz- the edge of a place
much
wazômimôt one who goes too far in his
wazazôgiwi on the brink or edge of a
verbal attack on him
hill
wazômimit one who says too much
wazaziwi the edge of a place
about someone
wazesa pl wazesaal a nest, an animal
den
wazab- thin
wazesakazo they makes a nest
wazilmitorwazilmegoa my son-in-law
wazaba it is thin
wazokweniwi for a few days
wazabagil medasal thin socks
wazabak thing that is thin; the thin
wazw- return, reverse
thing
wazabi thin
wazwabagwihla water reverses its
wazabit the thin one, he is thin
course
(physically or thin minded, not much to
him) wazwabakhigan pl waswabakhiganal
water returning on itself
wazabizit one who is thin; senile, the
thin minded one wazwabi sit back, move seat back
wazabizitmadagen a thin hide Wazwategw The Missisquoi River,
Vermont, river which turns back
wazabizo he is thin
wazwagôbi retreat, stand back

358
wazwala they returns carrying a load wdagalômgisgat it is a damp day
wazwalad they who returns with a load wdagalômosa get damp, become moist
wazwanigan turning back portage wdagan it is mild weather
wazwasa he walks backward or returns wdaganihla it becomes mild, the
to same place weather turns mild
wazwasin they moves over lying down, wdaganitbagat it is a mild night, mild
in bed weather at night
wazwataha drive someone back, wdagena moisten it
repulse someone wdagigen it is moist, damp
wazwawi back, backwards, returning, wdagigo they is damp
moving backwards
wdagjaga swampy ground, damp dirt
wbeskwan her back
wdagkaa it is wet land, damp land
wdagkiga make a damp field
wd- (wad-, wj-, waj-) for, from
wdagkigan making a damp field
wdagegisgak when it is damp weather
wdôbpigan her jaw
wdagegisgat it is damp weather
wdôhônkawôjmowôganowô
pmôwzowinnoak a tradition of people, wdagwia pl wdagwiaal punk wood,
the tradition of men damp stuff, moist material

wdôjikhigan a vehicle wdahlapiga a caul

wdôjikhigan pl wdôjikhiganal a wdakelômsen it is a damp wind

vehicle
wdôolagw pl wdôolagol large canoe, wdam- disturb, trouble
family canoe, war canoe, freight canoe
wdôwligwa he has a stye on the eye
wdamôwzimek one has a busy life
wdabazim a tree trunk, his wood
wdamôwzo they is busy
wdamôwzowôgan state of being busy
wdag- damp, moist
wdamaloka be busy, do anxious work;
they is busy, does anxious work
Wdagômenokii pl Wdagômenokiiak a wdamalokamek one is busy, does
European anxious work
wdagalômigen it is damp inside wdamidahôma they worries about
wdagalômigo they is moist inside someone

359
wdamidahômdôzik worries wdelemôganioskan pl
wdelemôganioskanak shoulder bone
wdamidahômit they who worries about
me or us wdeli her shoulder
wdamidahôzikha make someone wdelimagwin swollen shoulder,
troubled humpbacked
wdamidahôzo they is worried,
troubled, anxious wden- take
wdamidahôzowinôgwzo they appears
confused or troubled
wdenôt the one who takes, he takes
wdamido bother about something
something, he took something
wdamihôan when you disturb him
wdenôzik one gets something
wdamihômek one trouble someone;
wdena take someone, take something,
wdamiha trouble someone, bother, choose
worry; they troubles someone
wdenem he takes something
wdamihit they who bothers me or us
wdeniga take
wdamihozi be disturbed, troubled
wdep head
wdamihozimek one is disturbed,
wdepôbi pl wdepôbial headband,
troubled
tumpline, the strap that holds a pack or
wdamiwasko they is of an anxious or pack basket for carrying
troublesome nature
wdepkwan pl wdepkwanal a hair of
wdamiwat one who is overwhelmed hers, pl hair of the head
wdamkilawaômek one bothers wdepkwanal the hair-of the head
someone
wdepkwaniskok pl wdepkwaniskokak
wdasawôzin they is conscious of his a hair snake, a head-hair snake said to
dress, they likes to dress well develop from a hair fallen into the water
wdawagw pl wdawagol her ear wdepkwanoik scalp, that covered with
wdawakw pl wdawakol her ear head hair

wdawakwiasolkwôn pl wdepsek Head Island i.e. Ash Island in

wdawakwiasolkwônal an ear-hat, a hat Richelieu River, where heads are, head
that covers the ears place

Wdawasgiskwit An Apostle wdesi her gizzard

wdawikhigawôgan kizitok awikhigan wdkawidbihlawôgan extraction

autograph wdolka her breast or stomach or chest
wdollo pl wdolloak a kidney

360
wdon mouth; her mouth wdowiphanem pl wdowiphanemok a
lady, woman of high quality
wdopi pl wdopiak an alder, Alnus
wdtigawôgan an extension of time
wdopi pisaga alder bushes, an alder
swamp wedasmezid pl wedasmezidal baby toe
(little toe)
wdopiisibo pl wdopiisiboal alder river
wejatal nerves
wdopiiwalaga pl wdopiiwalagal alder
bark welegwan pl welegwanak a wing
wdopika many alders, a patch of alders welegwano they has wings
wdopis pl wdopisak a small alder welegwanoit one who has wings
wdopisika a patch of small alders weljiwagôligwsak a wheel barrow,
hand wheels
wdosa come from somewhere
wdosao it happens
wdosat the one who went wesôgen- a tail
wdosoallhapeziko a three year old
buffalo/bison wesôgenôgwzo he looks like a tail
wdoswahla pl wdoswahlak a barren Wesôgena an Algonquin Indian
cow moose
Wesôgenaisibo the St. Lawrence River,
Algonquin River
wdow- distinguished, of high wesôgenait shooting star, tailed one
quality wesgwinawôgan a cold; a cough
weskata thaw; it thaws
wdowi distinguished, superior, of high weskejagihla the earth thaws
quality
weski whiskey
wdowiawanoch pl wdowiawanochak a
foreign gentleman wesmigan pl wesmiganal a scar

wdowinôgwzi appear distinguished, wessagagesa they has a belly ache

appear of high quality wessagagesawôgan a belly ache
wdowinnôgan pl wdowinnôganak wessagagzowôgan stomach ache, belly
high quality, high rank ache
wdowinno pl wdowinnoak a wessagakw a poplar tree
distinguished person, a gentleman term
weswadagen pl weswadagenok a fur
used by Abenaki guides for their
sportsmen, city people, or vacationers whaga a body; her body

361
whaga machinawinno cadaver, the wiagôwzowipmakannowôgan
body the dead person excursion
whagakw a scalp; her scalp wiagaldak what is pleasurable, a
pleasurable thing
whagas the main laced area of a
snowshoe wiagaldam they rejoices, he is glad
about something
whagasiologask lacing of the body of a
snowshoe wiagaldami kwakwahômwôgan a
rejoicing shout
whawdazibôm pl whawdazibômal a
well, where one takes out water wiagaldamwôgan gladness, rejoicing
whawdazibôminebi well water wiagaltôzik what gives joy
whawdazibômsis pl wiagigwawimek one smiles
whawdazibômsisal a little well wiagigwawid one who smiles
whawizôwjagak mustard wiagigwao they smiles
whawizôwjagaki-kwatis pl wiagigwaowôgan a smile
whawizôwjagaki-kwatisak a mustard-
pot wiagilawaha amuse someone

whawlatagak pl whawlatagakil fine Wiagipemegawôgan The Friendship

cloth, woolen cloth Dance
wiagiwi with pleasure

wi- tell, say, name, call wiagtôgwat noisy fun

wiazon pl wiazonal a backpack

wiag- rejoicing, pleasurable, glad wiazonnoda pl wiazonnodaal a pack

basket
wibalasigan ham
wiagôdoka he likes to talk
wiagôwzikhôzi cause self to take
pleasure wibgw- gray
wiagôwzimek one takes pleasure, has
fun wibgwi grey; drab
wiagôwzo they enjoys self, takes wibgwigek asolkwôn a grey hat
pleasure, has fun
wibgwigen it is gray
wiagôwzoldin a celebration, a rejoicing
wibgwigit madegwas pl wibgwigijik
wiagôwzowôgan happiness, pleasure, madegwasak a gray rabbit
fun, festivities
wibgwigit mikoa pl wibgwigijik
mikoak a gray squirrel
362
wibgwigit wôkwses pl wibgwigijik widakan throwing together
wôkwsesak a gray fox widakimôt one counts him with others
wibi only, just, merely widaloka he works with someone
wibid pl wibidal tooth widkasin camp with someone, lay with
wibidipakithigan pl someone
wibidipakithiganal a toothbrush, widkawinno pl widkawinnoak
toothpick, a tooth cleaning instrument traveling companion
wibiwi only, just widkikan planting with someone
wibiwitta only, just
wibodôgan pl wibodôganak inner wig- live, dwell, camp; like
gunwale of a canoe

wigôômka they likes to gamble

wid- together with
wigôda they is glad
wigôdahôzo they is happy, is made glad
widôba pl widôbak his friend
wigôdam they is glad of something
widôbadowôgan friendship
wigôdamôna if I like
widôbai born a friend, eternal friend,
lasting friend wigôdamana if you like

widôbaipemegawôgan the friendship wigôdamgwa if all of you like

dance wigôdami liking, being glad
widôbaiwi in friendship, a friendly way wigôdamiwi willingly, gladly
widôbaskwa pl widôbaskwak his wigôdamwôgan pleasure, gladness
woman friend
wigôwzo they is happy, they lives
widôbaza it is a friend happily
widôwzomômek one’s neighbor, fellow wigôwzowôgan happiness
man, co-citizen
wigada it is something one likes to eat,
widôwzomôt one who is a neighbor, it is tasty
fellow man, co-citizen
wigakan enjoying throwing
widagwômôt one who lives with
wigaloka they likes to work
someone
wigapatôgwzowinno babbler
widagwôma they lives with someone
wigapi like to eat, like a food
widagwômit one that lives with me or
us wigapwôgan appetite
widagwômok one that I live with wigapwôgan good appetite
363
wigatôzo it is good to eat, edible, tasty wigit one who dwells, dweller
wigatam he likes to taste something wigkannit one who likes to travel
(food or drink) wigkanno they likes to travel
wigawôjiwi often, frequently wigkawinno pl wigkawinnoak a
wigawakana they likes to use person who likes to travel
something wigkikan liking to plant, sow
wigawessa her mother wigo they likes
wigbi pl wigbiak stringy bark, bast, wigosa go to live, go to camp
inner bark, cordage, now also ash splint,
pl. strips of inner bark wigoti pl wigotial a campsite, camping
ground
wigbiiasolkwôn pl wigbiiasolkwônal a
splint hat wigowinôgwzo they appears funny,
strange
Wigbiiwajoinebes Long Lake, New
York, basswood mountain lake wigpapidpôwaldak playful

wigbimezi pl wigbimeziak basswood, wigpapo they likes to play

bast tree wigsedam they likes to listen to
wigbitemahigan pl wigebitemahiganal something
axe for pounding out splints wigwôbôtô it extends that far
wigesmit one who likes to drink, he wigwôm pl wigwômal dwelling,
likes to drink enclosure, a house, a wigwam
wigesmo they likes to drink wigwôm sôbodanôzik one breaks into a
wigesmowinno pl wigesmowinnoak a house
drunkard, a person who likes to drink wigwômakwam pl wigwômakwamak
wigi like; dwell, camp, live house or tent pole, a ridge pole of a
house
wigi wijokagamit one who likes
helping wigwômijoan an eddy, a reversed
current running along the shore
wigidahôdam they thinks they wants
something wigwômilôjwôgan a dwelling's
furnishing
wigilosa they likes to go
wigwômo they owns a house
wigimek one lives, dwells
wigimek camp
wigwa- piece of birchbark
wiginôzoji they will envy someone
wiginawa they envies someone
wigwahla pl wigwahlak swan,
wiginto they likes to sing
whistling swan, Cygnus columbianus
364
wigwalabô they sniffs, snuffles (as a wigwi- until, as far as, far
child with a cold)
wigwalha pl wigwalhaak a swan
wigwibaia reach a place
wigwanpogwat it tastes peculiar
wigwiwawihlôk it is as far as one
wigwaol pl wigwaolal birch bark canoe knows it, as far as knowledge goes
wigwaolagw pl wigwaolagol a bark wigwiwi until
boat, canoe
wigwkikan liking planting or sowing
wigwaolaskwa bark for birch canoe
wigwkwa thigh
wigwaoligas pl wigwaoligasol a piece
wigwodanasit the town extends that far
of birch bark for a canoe
wigwtôgwzo they likes to be heard
wigwaolka make a canoe
wihidwôgan feast
wigwaoniganis canoe bark portage
wihigamit an invitation, thing that
wigwas pl wigwazal piece of bark
names me or us
suitable for one canoe
wihlômek one names someone
wigwashigan pl wigwashiganal bark
peeling knife (bark tool); also place to wihlôt one who names someone
peel bark (bark working) wihla name it
wigwaskoit one with nature of birch wihltimek one names or nominates as
bark (flexible, soft); he has the nature of in elections
birch bark
wihltin nominating, naming
wigwazahagwôn dreaming pillow
wigwazijo birchbark basin
wij- together with
wigwazo he likes to sleep
wigwbagak as far as the bay (water)
extends, as far as it is bay-water wijôkagamwaik an assistant
wijawa accompany someone

wigwe- lacking something wijawgoagw ones who come with us

wijawi accompany me

wigwedi pl wigwediak bobcat, lynx, wijawit they is my companion, they

have no tail who goes with me or us

wigwejisekiba hunched, has no neck wiji together with, with

wigwejisekibsa black fly, has no neck Wiji-Wliniwaskwit The Holy Ghost

wijialnôba pl wijialnôbak a fellow
Indian

365
wijihlô go along with him wika fat on outside of body
wijihlômek one accompanies someone wikaiki pl wikaikial good soil, fat land,
topsoil
wijihlamô go to stay with him
wikailit one who is fat
wijihlamôt one who goes to stay with
her wikao they is fat
wijihlamit they who stays with me or Wikasit Wiscasset, Maine, where one is
us, they stays with me or us putting up buildings
Wijiwliniwaskoit one who is the Holy wikasihidit those who build houses,
Ghost, the Holy Spirit house builders
Wijiwliniwaskw the Holy Ghost, the wikawôgan fatness
Holy Spirit wikawa build a house for someone
wijoka work with, help wikawinno pl wikawinnoak a house
wijokadôzik one helps, assists builder, home builder
something wikazo they builds house for herself
wijokadam help with something wikiwôm pl wikiwôm wigwam,
wijokadimek some people help each dwelling chamber, living enclosure
other wikkawôgan fatness
wijokadimek people help one another wikkazimek one builds a home
wijokadoak they help each other
wijokadwôgan assistance, mutual aid, wiko- ask for
helping each other
wijokagamimek one helps, assists
wikodôzik one asks for something
wijokagamo he helps someone
wikodema ask for something
wijokamômek one helps, assists
someone wikodmawômek one asks someone for
something
wijokama help someone, assist
wikomômek one asks for someone
wijokamezo they helps herself
wikoma ask for someone
wijokamit helper, one who helps me or
us
wijokamok spouse, the one I help wikw- attract, call hither, draw,
pull
wijokamzimek one helps one self
wijokawdowôgan mutual aid
wikwôbaghigan pl wikwôbaghiganal a
wikôdamoda let us rejoice
water pump, a water pulling instrument
366
wikwadiga it draws, pulls, as a stove wikwtagenôt pull a string or cord,
hence to bend a bow by pulling the
wikwadigan suction
string
wikwadigas pl wikwadigazak a
wikwtagham pull something (a cord or
medicinal poultice, drawing person; a
string)
blood sucking insect
wikwtaghozi pull self by a rope (as out
wikwagima call some one to come
of a hole)
wikwaka pull (as a gun trigger)
wilalo tongue
wikwakan pulling
wilawahômek one satisfies someone
wikwatigan a puller, hence suction, a
wilawaha satisfy someone
draft, a poultice
wikwbagham paddle hard
wikwbaghiga paddle hard, pull water wilawi- rich, wealthy
wikwigadawato draw someone to one
wikwigamolgwak attractive, one who wilawigit the wealthy one, he is wealthy
draws someone to someone wilawigo they is rich
wikwihlô pull him, draw him wilawigwôgan wealth, riches
wikwikôtôzik one rakes something, wilawigwinno pl wilawigwinnoak
pulls it towards self wealthy person, rich person
wikwikadawômek one calls someone wilawihihidit those who satisfy me or
for someone us
wikwikadawit one who draws someone wilawihit one who satisfies me or us
to me or us
wilawihok one that I satisfy
wikwimôt the caller, one who calls him
wilidepôn a brain
or them
win bone marrow
wikwinôgwak comedy
winazaga paunch
wikwinem pull something
winazosis pl winazosisak an very old
wikwka pull it (as a canoe from water)
woman
wikwnômek one draws, takes someone
wikwnôzik one draws, takes something
wini- unassured, indecisive
wikwna pull it
wikwnasin pull it along the ground
winidahôt coward, a person who is
indecisive, unassured

367
winos kezimôgwesit garlic, one that wissebaga it is soaking wet
smells like onion wissebagezo they is soaking wet
winos pl winosak wild onion, leek wissejagebaga it is good and wet and
winosimôgwzo they smells like onions dirty
winosis pl winosisak a shallot, a little wissigwakhigan pl wissigwakhiganal
onion an envelope
winoski onion land wissipiassoit they who is covered with
hair
Winoskisibo Winooski River, Vermont
Winoskitegw Winooski River, Vermont,
onion land river wit- (wij-) together with
winostegw onion river
wins pl winsak yellow birch, sweet witôzik one names it
birch, black birch, Betula lutea and
witôzik alôwadik one assess
Betula lenta
somethings value
Wintegw Lamoille River, Vermont,
wita say, tell
marrow river
witaôzo they is called, they is named
winwôzwôgan pl winwôzwôganal a
petition witam say, tell, call
witamasi tell news, report
winwa- petition, ask for, witamawô tell someone for them to
supplicate learn, teach them
witamawômek one tells, teaches
something to someone
winwamo ask for something, petition,
supplicate witamawa tell to someone for her to
learn, teach someone
wios pl wiosal meat, flesh
witamawi show me, teach me
wiosôbid pl wiosôbidal gums in mouth
witamawit one who tells something to
wioswadi the meat side of a skin me or us
wipoda soot witapatôgwazoa they likes to talk
wisawôgamak a strait witapatôgwazoak they like to talk
wiski whiskey <Eng. Whiskey together
witkikan sowing with someone
wisse- thoroughly, completely witnes pl witnesak witness <Eng.
Witness

368
witneswôgan wijokagamwaik wiwnapskenôzo it is an enclosing stone
adminicule wall
witwal beard wiwnapskenigan pl wiwnapskeniganal
a stone wall; an encircling stone
wiwigo they generally dwells
structure
wiwitam he usually calls something
wiwnato he encircles something
wiwni encircling, all around
wiwiz- hurriedly, quickly
wiwnidigan pl wiwnidiganal enclosing
structure as a fence around a campfire in
wiwizôgam they hurries to somewhere front of a birch bark camp

wiwizôiwi very quickly wiwnidoit one that flies around

wiwizômôji leave hurriedly wiwnidoo they flies around

wiwizôpidiga enter quickly, hurriedly wiwnigam go around something

wiwizôpodawazi hold an emergency wiwnigen detour, a go around

council, meet in a hurried council wiwnigenô they dance around
wiwizôpodawazimek one holds an wiwnigwzo they crawls around
emergency council
wiwnihla they flies around in a circle
wiwizôsa walk hastily
wiwnihlabôdam surround
wiwizahôji hurry
Wiwnijoanek Dover, NH, place water
wiwizapi eat quickly, hurriedly flows around
wiwnijoan water flows around
wiwn- encircling, all around something
wiwnikôpadonô plant them around,
make them stand up around
wiwnabitôgo a neighbor, be living
around wiwnilodo enclose, fence around

wiwnada it is around a place or thing wiwnilotôzik one encloses something,

one fences around something
wiwnadena there are mountains around
wiwnilotôzo it is enclosed, fenced
wiwnagômenosa go around the other around
side
Wiwninbesaki Lake Winnipesaukee,
wiwnahla go around on ground New Hampshire, the land around the
wiwnakanni travel around lakes
wiwnaktak snowshoe frame wiwninebezika many lakes about

369
wiwnipisaga surrounded by thickets, wizôwadawa pl wizôwadawaal yellow
brushy around water lily, Nymphaca advena
wiwnipmosa go around, walk around wizôwahlagw copper or brass, yellow
metal
wiwnitahôt girdling a tree, they strikes
around him wizôwajapkasis pl wizôwajapkasisal
goldthread, little yellow root, Coptis
wiwnitahamôt one who strikes around
groenlandica
wiwnitahamawa they strikes around
wizôwajapkw a yellow root
for someone
wizôwatsem dye something yellow
wiwnitahiga cutting around, blazing
trees around, cutting out a round wizôwatsigan yellow dye
clearing, knocking around wizôwi yellow
wiwniwi around, encircling wizôwi-môni gold; a gold coin
wiwniwiwigwômek round the house wizôwibemi butter, yellow oil, yellow
wiwnokwabi sit around grease
wiwnosa walk around, go around wizôwibemi pskwazawôn pl
wizôwibemi pskwazawônal buttercup,
wiwnotama they chews around, chews
Ranunculus spp.
her cud
wizôwigek what is yellow, something
wiwnowasso a halo or a beam of light
yellow
through the clouds
wizôwigen it is yellow
wizôwigit the yellow one, they is
wiz- be named, be called; quick,
yellow
hurry
wizôwigo they is yellow
wizôwihlasis pl wizôwihlasisak a
wizôiwi quickly
wizard, goldfinch or yellow warbler,
little yellow bird
wizôw- yellow wizôwihlawôgan jaundice, becoming
yellow
wizôwijapkwazek goldthread, yellow
wizôwadab pl wizôwadabal yellow
roots, Coptis groenlandica
root
wizôwikezabezowôgan yellow fever
wizôwadakil wild mustard, yellow ones
wizôwimôni pl wizôwimônial gold
wizôwadawa pl wizôwadawaak
yellow money
goldenrod, wild sunflowers, Solidago
wizôwimôniinôkwkil jewels

370
wizôwimônis pl wizôwimônisal a little wiznô musk gland used for bait
gold piece wizo they is named
wizôwimônitbaikizosôganiôkawalakia wizwôgan pl wizwôganak, wizwôganal
tigan pl a name
wizôwimônitbaikizosôganiôkawalakia
tiganal gold watch chain link, pl. gold
watch chain wj- for, from, coming from
wizôwimaahlakws pl
wizôwimaahlakwsak yellow barked
variety of black ash, Fraxinus nigra wjôjkahon saw fish

wizôwipemi butter wjôl pl wjôlal nose, her nose, pl nostrils

wizaôji hurry up wjôlchegahon pl wjôlchegahonak

billfish, gar, a predacious Lepisosteus
wjôlkesen pl wjôlkesenal a nose
wiza- tidy, pick up, make neat; moccasin, a moccasin with toe seam
become narrow suggesting a rabbit nose or cat nose
wjakwam pl wjakwamak the foot of a
wizaalômit one that calls out for help tree, the butt end

wizaalômo he calls out for help wjat sinew

wizaga hurry, be in a hurry wjatoo sinewy

wizagan hurrying wjawas pl wjawazak a fly, especially

housefly
wizawôgama narrows of a lake, a lake
narrowing wjawassis pl wjawassisak a sandfly

wizawnem gather, pick up something

wizawnezi make yourself neat, dress wjeb- narrow, shriveled, shrunken,
carefully small
wizawniga pick up, put in order, clean
up wjebaabi sit crowded, sit in a small seat
wizawtegw pl wizawtegol narrows of a or place
river, a narrow river wjebadekw pl wjebadegol narrows of a
wizenô pl wizenôk beaver castor, the stream
musk gland used for bait, pl. musk wjebaskeda shrunken
glands
wjebigwawimek one frowns
wizi gall or bile
wjebigwawid one who frowns
wizimnota pl wizimnotaal gall bladder
wjebigwawowôgan a frown

371
wjebihlôk what becomes shrunken wjibeli curling
wjebihla become shrunken or shriveled, wjibelidiga curl
shrink wjibelidigamek one curls someone
wjebosao it shrinks, it gets smaller wjibeligen it is curly
wjedami hear from someone, have wjibilekw falling sickness, epilepsy
news from someone
wjibilewas have epileptic seizure
wjesmi drink from something, drink
because of something wjibilewasinebizon pl
wjibilewasinebizonal epilepsy
wjessi a little bag on the lung of a bird medicine
wji because, from, since, for, to wjibilwas a fit
wji ali whereas; because; as wjido he makes it out of something, he
wji ali nsatôzik for fear that takes out, he extracts
wji môni for cash wjigawi why, for what
wji ni lidwôgan concerning that affair wjiha visit someone, come from
wji nia as for me, for me, for my part wjihos pl wjihosak a chance, fortune, a
gamble
Wjihoziskwa the wife of Ojihozo, a
wji- visit
rock in Lake Champlain
Wjihozo Ojihozo, Rock Dunder in Lake
wjia pl wjiaak a person from Champlain, he shapes himself
somewhere, belonging to some place
wjiiya belonging to
wjikôn desolate camp; temporary
wjib- fall, stagger shelter
wjikita they exists from it, they
wjibabisimek one has convulsions originates from it, they comes from it

wjibabiso they has a convulsion wjiolihozo they makes themself from

something
wjipapaiôda since his arrival
wjibel- curl, curly
wjitôgwat it is heard from somewhere
wjitbihla it happens because of
wjibelôdeba they is a curly headed one something
wjibelôdebaoso they curls her hair, they wjitta for, from, since
makes self curly headed
wjizin it comes from something, it
wjibelôtwawôgan a hair curler develops from something
372
wkôd pl wkôdal her leg wlôg- night
wkazôbo moose's foot stew; pig's foot
stew
wlôgan pl wlôganal a dish
wkiskadekw pl wkiskadegol
wlôganinôkwkil flatware, utensils
crosspiece of a snowshoe
wlôganis pl wlôganisal a small dish or
wkissolkwôn pl wkissolkwônal ripe
bowl
corn silk
wlôgiadigan pl wlôgiadiganal well
wkwedôgan pl wkwedôganal the neck;
shaped thing
her neck
wlôgiadiganiabazi pl
wlôgiadiganiabazial basket mold, well
wl- (wal-) good shaped wooden thing
wlôgiatôzik one shapes it well
wlôba pl wlôbak good looking man wlôgiaton they gives it a good shape, he
shapes it well
wlôbaô he is a handsome man
wlôgihla it is well shaped, it becomes
wlôbadam they likes to use something
well shaped
wlôbamat be glad to have it
wlôgowilhas pl wlôgowilhasak a
wlôbamegwa it is nice to see, it is a nightingale
nice view
wlôgw pl wlôgwal evening
wlôbamegwak when it is nice to see
wlôgwa yesterday
wlôbamegwat it is useful, nice to have,
wlôgwadialimek one hunts in the
beneficial
evening
wlôban it is a nice dawn
wlôgwhômek one hunts in the evening
wlôbanazegwa it is nice at dawn
wlôgwha he evening hunts
wlôbi see well
wlôgwiga this coming evening
wlôbiksi pack up, get ready
walôgwikka last night
wlôboastiga it makes good broth
wlôgwihlas pl wlôgwihlazak hermit
wlôda warm, hot as weather thrush, night bird
wlôdam a nice old fellow wlôgwihlastegwa night bird river
wlôdebaha give someone a good blow wlôgwinadiali evening hunt
to the head
wlôgwinami spend the evening, spend
wlôdowa they has a good voice the night
wlôgwipowôgan evening eating, supper

373
wlôgwiwi in evening , during the wlômkagan gambling well
evening wlômkazek good sandy shore
wlôgwiwiki every evening wlômkihla beach, a good sandy place
wlôgwoo it is evening, an evening wlômkwakw pl wlômkwakok burl
wlôji prepare, get ready wlômkwakwikwatsis pl
wlôka a nice hill wlômkwakwikwatsisak burl cup, a
personal belt cup
wlômpskw pl wlômpskol cone, knob,
wlôm- be correct, be right
hence bud, knot, catkin
wlôo lives well
wlôma they is right, he is correct
wlôtawao it sounds good
wlômaiwi truly
wlôtoka tell a good story
wlômanôgwat lawful
wlôtowaik what sounds good, a good
wlômanoo it is good luck, a good luck sound
piece
wlôtowawôgan good voice
wlômanoik a good luck bait, what
fishes well
wlôw- blue
wlômasi be truthful, right, correct
wlômasokôtôzik one swears that
something is true wlôwôbamegwa bluish
wlômasokat one who swears wlôwadawa pl wlôwadawak blue
flower, name of a blue flower spike used
wlômasokakadawô they swears to him
for Blue Tea
wlômasdam they believes
wlôwaden pl wlôwadenak a blue
wlômastawa they believes someone mountain
wlômawôgan reason, evidence, proof wlôwatan it is a blue current or stream
wlômawaldam they believes wlôwatsigan pl wlôwatsiganal blue
something, he thinks something is dye, blue color
correct
wlôwi blue
wlômawaldamikha make someone
wlôwigen it is blue
believe
wlôwigit one who is blue
wlômawaldamwôgan belief, faith
wlôwigo they is blue
wlômawalma they believes someone
wlôwisezowigan blue paint
wlômka they gambles or bets well; nice
sand, fine sand, quicksand wlôwkw blue sky
374
wlôwzit one who lives well, feels well wlakwesit a tree that is good and
straight
wlôwzo they lives well, feels well
wlakwhlapodôzik one stretches
wlôwzowôgan good living, feeling well
something
wlabeda it is nice and warm
wlakwiga good forest
wlabeso they is nice and warm
wlakwla they places someone down
wlabska nice rock
wlakwto they puts or places something
wlabwazo they warms well down
wladaôbi see well, have good eyesight wlalôgwihla it is a nice evening
wladagesowôgan cunning wlalômo they sounds nice, he has a
wladaka act well good voice

wladaksowôgan cunningness wlaldamazimek one authorizes

wladiali make a good hunt wlaligemômek one has a runny nose

wlado he preserves something, puts wlalma wish someone good luck (send
something away to keep good luck to someone by thinking it with
power)
wlagamiknokawôgan peace making
wlalmegw good luck, best wishes
wlagamiksowôgan politeness
wlalmegwôgan success, good luck
wlagasin lie down
walalmegwa when I’m blessed
wlagsi pl wlagsial stomach, pl bowels
wlalmegwahigan pl wlalmegwahiganal
wlahôdo pl wlahôdoak good fellow a good luck object
wlahla put away, save, store wlalmegwzowôgan good luck, being
wlakamigenoka make peace good-wished, now also benediction
wlakamigenokawôgan peace making wlalmegwzowôganoik that which is
good luck
wlakamigezo they is polite
wlalmegwzi have good luck, be good-
wlakamigezowôgan politeness
wished
wlakanigan good crop
wlalmegwzowinno pl
wlakanigan pl wlakaniganal good crop wlalmegwzowinnoak a person who is
wlakatigamek pack something , to lucky

wlakikan good planting wlaloka work well, do good work; they

does good work
wlagw pl wlagol watercraft
wlalokamek one does good work
wlakwat it is a good stick
wlakwat pl wlakwatal it is a good stick
375
wlalokawôgan pl wlalokawôganal wlawôgan her heart
good work, a good deed wlawaka use something well; they uses
wlalokawinno pl wlalokawinnoak something well, makes good use of
benefactor, good working person something
wlaldamwôgan consent, think well of it wlawakamek one uses something well
wlamadôzik one likes the feel or wlawakan using something well
sensation of something wlawaka use something well
wlamadam they likes the feel or
sensation of something
wlawi- calm
wlamalsi feel good physically, feel
healthy
wlamalsimek one feels good physically, wlawibek when it is calm
feels healthy wlawiben it is calm
wlamalso they feels healthy wlawibenosa the air becomes quiet
wlamama they likes the feel or wlawikhôzik one writes or marks
sensation of someone something well
Wlaman Olamon, Maine, red ochre, wlawikhôzo it is well written or marked
vermilion
wlawikhômek one marks or tattoos
wlamanaokw erysipelas, a red skin rash someone well
wlamanjagw red ochre mud, an oily wlawikha they marks or tattoos
pigment someone well
wlamanjagwa a muddy spot where red wlawitbi it is calm water
ochre can be found
wlawitegw pl wlawitegok calm river
wlamanjagwisibo pl
wlamanjagwisiboal red ochre mud wlawtakhamimek one fixes ones hair
river nicely

Wlamantegw Willimantic River in wlebaga it is a good lake

Connecticut, red ochre river wlebagw a good lake
wlanigw pl wlanigwak a fisher, black wlebata it is good water; no current
cat, Martes pennanti
wlegwasi dream well, have a good
wlapska a nice rock dream
wlasem pl wlasemok good dog wlegwasimek one dreams well
wlaskika it is good grass wlegwaso they dreams well
wlategw good river wlejagna mix a moist mass such as
cement or mud by hand
376
wlegisgak when it is a nice day wlibelakigen it is well skinned
wlegisgat it is a nice day wlibemagwa it floats well
wlegisgadoso it is a rather nice day wlibemidoo he flies well
wlelôgwihla good evening; becomes a wlibezikihla it splits well
nice evening wlidôwôgan goodness, kindness
wlelômek one accredits, substantiates wlidôzo make someone
wlelômsen it is a nice breeze wlidaanô they believe him
wleminowinno pl wleminowinnoak wlidaano they is good hearted
hypnotist, cajoler
wlidabalem be someone's master
wlemiwawinno pl wlemiwawinnoak a
seducer, a person who lures another wlidahôdam approve or accept
away something, think well of something

wlemskw pl wlemskwal a blossom wlidahômdowôgan kindness, good

nature
wlesawat one who dresses up
wlidahômi approve of someone, think
wleskwat glare ice well of someone
wlestôwadin making an agreement, a wlidahôt generous person, they is good
treaty, an alliance hearted, good minded
wlestôwadin people agree, people wlidahôzi be happy, think the right way
discuss and come to an agreement
wlidaha be kind, be good hearted
wlestôwado they agrees, makes an
accord, alliance, treaty, or agreement wligabi be well seated, settled down

wlestôwadowi wdamôgan calumet, an wligadawa act well towards someone,

agreeable pipe treat someone nicely

wlestôwadwôgan an accord, an wligamegwaga when it will be good

agreement walking conditions

wlewawaldam they knows something wligamegwat it is good walking

well wligawi sleep well
wliases a good horse wligek when it is good, if it is good
Wlibagw Winnipauk, CT, beautiful wligen it is good
pond
wliginôgan beauty
wlibakweso it is nicely leaved, fully
wligo they is good, he is handsome
leaved out
wligowôgan beauty, goodness
wlibakwihla it is nicely leaved out
wligwaga a good sheet of paper or bark
wlibaiô arrive well (safe)

377
wliha make someone wlimila give someone a lot, give well
wlihla they goes towards something or wlimjejakw pl wlimjejakol blessed
someone soul
Wlijoan Lake George, NY, pure or wlimkwigo they is good and red
clean current Wlimskwamagw Winnisquam Lake,
wlihodwôgan kind treatment NH, good salmon
wlikaden it is a good year wlinôgwat it looks good, nice
wlikaozak good cows wlinôgwzowôgan good looks, quality
of looking nice
wlikawômek one builds a house for
someone wlinôgwzo they looks good, nice
wlikawa build a nice house for wlinôgwzowôgan nice looking
someone wlinôgwzikhômôk one beautifies
wlikawit build a one who houses for me someone
or us wlinahla it splits well
wlikazi build me a nice house wlinak what one finds to be good, what
wliki pl wlikial fertile land one likes
wlikskamosa go by a good short cut wlinam they finds something good
wlikskwitahôt they kills or beats him wlinebizonoo it is a good medicine
good wlinkawachin they hopes for
wlilômsen it is a nice breeze, there is a something good for herself
nice breeze wlinsato be careful
wlilawa please someone wlintona receive someone or something
wlilawagaswôgan conversing in a graciously
pleasing way, talking to please someone wlintonwawôgan hospitality
wlilawamdowôgan pleasing someone wlipakigi be nice and clean
wliliôtwôgan well-done wlipakwsata it is good and dry,
wlimôgwat it smells good completely dry
wlimôgwzo they smells good wlipi eat well, like to eat a certain food
wlimôkwhômek one embalms someone wlipo they eats well, he likes to ear a
certain food
wlimôwalômwôgan harmony
wlipogwat it tastes good
wlima praise, treat well
wlipogwzo they tastes good
wlimeskamenôt they find they are well
treated wliponamek what one fits on

378
wlisasagabi sit nice and straight, be wlitbalsi make yourself comfortable,
nice and straight place self well
wlisasagagwzo they is made nice and wlitbamalsi feel well
straight wlitbamamgwat the weather is just
wlitôgwadossa it was sounded well right
wlitôgwak what sounds good, it sounds wlitbaoziksi fit foot wrappers on well
nice wlitbaskôdam take great care
wlitôgwan welfare wlitbenem they fixes something well
wlitôgwat it sounds good wlitbesin they is lying down
wlitôgwzo they sounds good comfortably
wlitam they likes the taste wlitbeskabi adjust your sitting, fit in
your seat
wlitawômek one builds something for
someone wlitbeskato make something fit right,
put something away nicely
wlitawa make or build something for
someone wlitbi well fitted, suitable, proper
wlitbôbata it balances well wlitbidôzo they is well built
wlitbôgihla it is well shaped wlitbido fix something right, do
something well
wlitbôji get ready, be prepared
wlitbigawi have a sound sleep, sleep
wlitbôwzi live well, be well-fixed
well
wlitbabeda it is nice and warm
wlitbigen it is right, well, suitable,
wlitbabi be well situated, well seated, fitting
well placed; be well off
wlitbigwilawôbinô they look around
wlitbada it is well placed, it is well carefully
fixed
wlitbiha fix someone, make someone
wlitbadema lace a snowshoe well correct, suitable, proper
wlitbado fix something well, make wlitbiklozi speak correctly
something right
wlitbimalsi feel well, feel in good
wlitbaha measure accurately health, right
wlitbahla set him in order, fix him, put wlitbimichiseda let us go and have a
him in a good place good meal
wlitbakanni travel well fixed wlitbitôgwzimek one is well spoken
wlitbala he makes someone wlitbiwawta it is well understood
comfortable
wlitbiwi correctly, right, surely

379
wlitbmôwzi live well, quietly, properly wlskwao they is a pretty woman
wlitbokwaha steer well wmessôbôn eyelid
wlitegwa a good river wmitôgwsa her father
wlito make something wmossôldina mistress
wliton they makes it, they does it wnegigw pl wnegigwak otter
wliwissejagebaga it is good and dirty, wnegigwagen pl wnegigwagenol otter
mucky skin
wliwni thanks wnegigwageniya otter skin material
wliwnika thank something Wnegigwinno Otter Clan, an otter
person
wliwnikam someone thanks something
wnegigwipona set a trap for an otter
wliwnikawa thank them
wnegigwitelaps pl wnegigwitelapsak
wliwnikha cause someone to be
an otter trap
thankful for someone or something;
someone is made thankful Wnegigwtegw Otter Creek, Vermont,
otter flow
wlokan dish, plate
Wnegigwtegwis Little Otter Creek,
wlokwabi take a seat, sit straight
Vermont
wlokwahôzo he steers
wowtagakôk adjacent
wlokwaha go in the right direction,
wpahanmimek wife
steer, pilot
wpana her lungs
wlokwahiga steer, pilot
wpedin her arm
wlokwahigan helm
wpedinôbi pl wpedinôbial her bracelet
wlokwahigan pl wlokwahiganal a
rudder, a steering instrument wpigasen her rib
wlokwahla go straight, go steering well,
go the right way wsag- bitter
wlokwana steer, direct right
wlokwasa walk in the right direction
wsagakw pl osagakok poplar
wlokwasanô head for it, direct self
wsagi bitter
towards it
wsagipo eat something or someone
wlolagwabi sit well in a canoe
bitter; they eats something or someone
wlosa goes well bitter
wlosao it goes well wsagipogwat it tastes bitter

380
wsagipogwzo they tastes bitter wsiginôgwat it looks poor or miserable
wsanôbamimek one is someone’s wsigiwi poorly, sadly, miserably
husband wsisekw her eye
wsegwinôgan a cold wsitakw handle
wsegwina cough; they coughs wsiwaldam they is sad
wsemôganes pl wsemôganesak the wsizegwôbid pl wsizegwôbidal eye
knave, jack of playing cards tooth
wsizegwaigan pl wsizegwaiganal
wsig- unhappy, poor, miserable monocle, reading glass, pl eye glasses
wsizegwamakw pl wsizegwamakok
minnow, eye fish because of his
wsigôwzi suffer, be miserable, live
relatively big eyes
poorly
wsigôwzikha they causes someone to
suffer wsk- new, young
wsigôwzimek one hurts or troubles
someone wskôbid pl wskôbidal new tooth
wsigôwzo they hurts, suffers wskôdwa speak a new language; they
wsigôwzo they is hurt, is troubled, speaks a new language
suffers wskôdwamek one speaks a new
wsigalda be sorry, be sad language
wsigaldaminôgwak what looks wskôdwawôgan a new language
miserable, a sorry looking thing wskôwan pl wskôwanal new laid eggs
wsigaldamwôgan affliction wskôwdi pl wskôwdial a new trail or
wsighidahômdit one who suffers road
wsigidahôzo they is sad, sorry, troubled
wsigidahôzwôgan sadness, sorrow, wska- exercise, manipulate, work,
unhappiness melt, thaw
wsigiha hurt someone, trouble someone
wsigilawaga make someone sorry, sad, wskaamagw pl wskaamagol fresh fish
troubled
wskadegwa her forehead
wsigilawaha make someone sorry, sad,
wskadegwasiolokask toe and heel
troubled
lacing of snowshoe
wsiginôgw poor or miserable looking

381
wskahla a new or raw or fresh thing, as wskia new
meat or hide wskiakwamis pl wskiakwamisak a
wskahladagen pl wskahladagenol a young little tree
raw hide wskialemos pl wskialemosak a young
wskahlaiwi rawly dog
wskahlaoo it is a fresh hide wskialnôba pl wskialnôbak a young
man
wskakesen pl wskakesenal a new shoe
wskialnôbawôgan young manhood
wskakwam pl wskakwamak a green
stick, green wood wskiasesis pl wskiasesisak a filly
wskan pl wskanak, wskanal bone wskibakw pl wskibakol a new or green
leaf
wskanahlakw steel, bone metal
wskanasikwa one strip of bone bark,
enough to make a canoe wskid- (wskij-, wskit-, waskid-) on top
wskanaskwa bone bark, the thick and
brittle winter bark of canoe birch
wskidabi sit on
wskanimen pl wskanimenal seed, bone
wskidadegwahiga working a moccasin
berry
top
wskanipegw ashes or salts
wskidadegwahigan pl
wskanipekwi ashes, potash salts, bone wskitadegwahiganal the sewn area on
sand top of a moccasin
wskaniya bone material wskidadena on top of a mountain, up
wskawagena work to make flexible, on high
exercise, massage wskidagenemen he puts the skin on top
wskawagenemen they works it, wskidaka throw on top, pile up
exercises it
wskidakan throwing on top, piling up
wskawagenezi exercise, stretch, move
wskidaktigan pl wskitaktiganal the
or manipulate self
top of a moccasin, i.e. the wrap around
wskawagw fresh meat flap
wskebi perhaps wskidakwam sapwood of tree, stick, or
wski new, young, raw, fresh log

wski azib young sheep wskidamalki step on something, tread

wskiôbagawatahigan a new umbrella wskidawaga wear something over other

garments
wskiôwzowôgan youth, the period of
youth; new living, a new way of life wskidakwam sap

382
wskidolagwa the deck of a ship wskinnoswadaka he becomes quite a
boy
wskigamigw pl wskigamigol a new
house wskipeljes a new pair of pants
wskigek something new, it is new, new wskipi eat something new or fresh or
growth of plant raw
wskigen it is young, new, fresh, raw; wskipimek one eats something new or
young vegetable fresh or raw
wskigenalezi stretch, work, or exercise wskipowôgan eating raw or new things
one's own leg(s) wskisigwan early spring
wskigo they is young wskisigwaniwi in early spring
wskihla it thaws, melts, he thaws out wskitbagwa on top of the water
wskihla pl wskihlak a young duck wskitesin they lies on top
wskijakwa step on it (as a log) wskithla put someone on top
wskiji on top of wskitigda jump on top
wskijigamigwa on top of the house wskitigdait one who jumps on top
wskijigeda jump on top wskitkamigwa it is on earth, in the
wskijigwôzo it is sewn on top world, the surface of the earth
wskijipi eat on something wskitkamigwinno pl
wskitkamigwinnoak an earthling, a
wskijiwi on top
person on the earth, pl. earthlings, the
wskijiwiabakwôganek up on the roof people on earth, the sons of men
wskijiwitawipodik on the table wskitolagwa deck of a ship, on the deck
wskimakwbagak new wine wskitosa go on top, walk on something
wskimen pl wskimenal a crop; fresh wskitosamek one walks on something
corn, or other crop, new seed
wskittôzik one puts something on top
wskinôgwat it looks new, fresh, young
wskitta it is on top
wskinôkskwa pl wskinôkskwak a
wskittahomek one puts on top
young girl
wskitto put something on top
wskinôkskwasis pl wskinôkskwasisak
a little young girl wskiwigwôm a new house
wskinôkskwawôgan young girlhood wskiya pl wskiyak, wskiyal rawhide, a
new or young or raw
wskinnos pl wskinnosak a boy, young
man wskwôwlal the ends or points of a
canoe
wskinnosis pl wskinnosisak a little boy
383
 wtôgan pl wtôganal his Adam's apple
wskwa- pointed wtolo her kidney
wzôghihlain they approaches flying
Wskwaadena Jay Peak, Vermont, a wzôlôwzi survive
peaked mountain wzômawwlekwwôgan covetousness
wskwaadenaazo it is a peaked wzômbda the water is too hot
mountain
wzômesmit they who drinks too much
wskwaakwam pl wskwaakwamal a
pointed stick wzômi too much; because, for

wskwaaza make something pointed, put wzagan pl wzaganal the shoulder hump
a point on something of animal meat, literally a shoulder cut

wskwaazam they puts a point on wzeba it leaks

something wzidakw pl wzidakol an axe handle
Wskwabagw Usquepaug, and wzidakwsis pl wzidakwsisak plover or
Weekapaug, RI, pointed water lark, little axe handle
wskwadegwa a tip wzidga her severed foot
wskwahigan pl wskwahiganal a wzigwaôn pl wzigwaônal an arrowhead
pointed instrument
wzigwaônihla pl wzigwaônihlak an
wskwahigen it is pointed, peaked arrowhead bird
wskwahigo they is pointed wzigwaôntegw arrowhead river
wskwaipodon sharpen something to a -ôgw- state of being
point (as in sharpen a stick)
-ôjigw uncle
-ôlag- hollow, removed object, like a
wspôz- (spôz-) early in the hole
morning, in the morning -ôlo tail
-ômahl- run
wspôzôban dawn comes early -ômk- granular mass like sand, gravel
wspôzaldam he gets up early or earth
wspôziôba pl wspôziôbak early -ôpt- leaves tracks
morning man -ôka land, hill, bank
wspôzimôji leave early -ômka sandy
wspôzoo it is early -ôwigan backbone
wspôzwiwi early in the morning -ôwz- living, life, alive

384
-ada lean, incline -gen vegetable
-aden mountain -gisgad day
-agen leather , hide (on an animal) -gwij- swim
-ak- non-rigid objects such as a skin, a -hôdo spirit
peel, a hide, cloth, or clothing -ha- make someone
-akw- object that is rigid, metal, wood -haga body
-aloka work, do -hl- becomes, goes
-apsk- lump or rock -hla become; fly
-bag- a liquid object, water, damp, -hlakw metal, iron
moist, wet
-hlas bird
-bakw leaf
-ibit tooth
-beskwan the back of the body
-ibitôgw toothache
-bi water, liquid
-idôbso sibling of the opposite sex
-bia paddle
-idokan elder brother
-chat sinew
-igawes mother
-chat tendon
-ijôn child
-cho muscle, fleshy lump
-ijônit parent
-dadan father
-ijia brother (of a male)
-dam think
-ikkwa ham, hindquarter, thigh
-deli shoulder blade
-ilalo tongue
-dep head
-ilem sister-in-law
-dezi gizzard
-ili navel
-dolka chest, breast
-ilitbôn brain
-dollo kidney
-into sing
-don mouth
-it- together with
-dos daughter
-itkwa thumb
-eld- hand
-ito fur, beard, mustache
-gôb- stand, in the standing position
-itsagwaso twin sister
-gôkw hill
-itsakaso sister, female cousin
-gamikw home, building, wigwam,
earth -itsemis younger sibling

385
-izigan on one side -nikigo parents
-jôl nose -ol watercraft
-jag- wet sticky mass, dirt, mud, clay, -olekwi armpit
shit -olhaga waist
-jo container -osa go, walk
-kani calm -osad- carry something
-kôjo vein -osal- carry someone
-kôd leg -oses grandchild
-ka- burn -otta very
-kamigw house -owam- carry someone
-kaz claw, nail, hoof -pan lung
-kedekw knee -pedin arm
-keji rump, buttocks -ph- act on, grab, catch someone
-keskwan elbow -pi eat
-ki land, earth -pigasen rib, a
-kika plant, sow -pl- act on, grab, catch someone
-kwam stick, pole, wood -po tastes
-lôkw kettle -po winter; they eats a meal
-lagezi belly, abdomen, stomach -pt- act on, grab, catch something
-leso bird -sôboan eyelashes
-lokan hip -sakw a room, enclosure, sky
-môgw smells -sem daughter in law; animal
-mahom grandfather -sin lay, drag
-messis elder sister -sizekw eye
-mosom ancestor, remote male -skadegwa forehead
-mosomis old man, little old man -skwa female
-nôgw appears -skwen liver
-nôkskwa girl -tôgan Adam’s apple
-naga shore -tôgw sounds
-nakw stump -tôlo tail
-niga carry
386
 -tag- non-rigid object, cord or string
like
-tegw river, flow
-tta emphatic
-wabi stay, remain in a state of
-wakw meat
-winno person
-zegwes mother in law
-zi self
-zid foot (animal or person)
-zihlos father in law
-zo herself
-zoskwigan lower leg Primary Sources of Data

• Day, M. Gordon. Western Abenaki

Dictionaries, Volumes 1 and 2, Mercury Series,
Canadian Museum of Civilization.
• Day, M. Gordon. Hand written field notes,
assorted essays and audio recordings of Abenaki
speakers.
• Laurent, Joseph. 1884. New Familiar
Abenakis and English Dialogues. Quebec: Leger
Brousseau.
• Masta, Henry Lorne. Handwritten,
unpublished dictionary in French and Abenaki,
as translated into English by Joseph Joubert.
• Masta, Henry Lorne. 1932. Abenaki Indian
Legends, Grammar and Place Names.
Victoriaville, P.Q.: La Voix des Bois-Francs.
• Wawanolett, Cecile M. Joubert, Joubert,
Joseph Elie and Bruchac, Jesse Bowman
previously unpublished Abenaki dictionary, all
entries as compiled from 1992-1998.
• Wawanolett, Cecile M. Joubert. 1992-2006.
Abenaki language lessons and class notes.
• Wzôkhilain, P.P. 1830 Kimzowi Awighigan.
BOSTON: PRINTED BY CROCKER AND
BREWSTER.
• Wzôkhilain, P.P. 1830 Abenaki Translation of
the Gospel according to St-Mark. Bowman
Books reprint 2014.
• Wzôkhilain, P.P. 1830 Religious Song Book.
Self Published by author.

387
• Wzôkhilain, P.P. 1830 Wawasi...The Ten
Commandments. BOSTON: PRINTED BY
CROCKER AND BREWSTER.
• Compiled by Joseph Joubert & Jesse Bruchac
• Edited by Wyatt Denious

388