8
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Force, Motion and Energy
Rosario C. Ferrer Vergie V. Jorda Mary Ann S. Infante Adrian Oliver C. Fernandez Elena B.
Principal IV Head Teacher VI Tabora
Science Department Grade 8 Science Teachers
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Force, Motion and Energy
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Published by the Department of Education Secretary:
Undersecretary: Assistant
Secretary:
Development Team of the Module
Authors: Maria Clarissa G. Bergado, Cayetano Arellano High School, Manila
Editor: Jonathan P. Derez, PSDS, SDO-Manila
Reviewers: Rebecca M. Roxas, EPS, SDO-Manila
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8
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Force, Motion and Energy
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module is for Grade 8 Science learners. With minimal supervision, the
module can be performed by the learner using available materials at home or school. It
is important that the learner is refreshed with his understanding of the motion and how
he describes motion in terms of its speed, distance covered, change in direction and
acceleration.
It is advised that the facilitator orient the learner of the parts of this module. Materials
identified in the activities may be replaced with whatever is available in the school or in
the learner’s place.
For the additional learning activity where a learner needs access to the internet, it is
highly encouraged that the video for further discussion be downloaded beforehand.
For the learner:
This module is specifically designed for your understanding of the law of inertia. Each
part of the module is sequentially arranged for you to follow.
1. What I need to know – the lesson that is covered in this module.
2. What I know – an assessment of your initial knowledge about the lesson.
3. What’s In – the bigger view of the lesson included in this module.
4. What’s New – this is where the discussion of the lesson is laid out. Along
the discussion, you are encouraged to write your thoughts on a piece of
paper and ideas that confuse you.
5. What is it - this part provides activities that you can work on. Questions
are posted after each activity for you to answer. This will help you
organize your understanding.
6. What’s More – this part will show an extended activity for you to explore.
This entails video presentation and parallel activities for you to try.
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written for you to work independently or
with a little assistance from an adult. Exploring this module will help you find the
scientific reasons behind things that are happening around you and bring
understanding as to why people have to observe rules and regulations when on
the road, just why you have to stay at home during pandemic situations.
The module is about Newton’s laws of motion and divided into three
lessons, namely: (S8FE-Ia-15-16)
● Lesson 1 – Law of Inertia
● Lesson 2 – Law of Acceleration
● Lesson 3 – Law of Interaction
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define inertia (S8FE-Ia-15.1)
2. relate inertia and mass (S8FE-Ia-15.2)
3. explain the law of inertia (S8FE-Ia-15.3)
4. relate inertia to the stopping force like friction (S8FE-Ia-15.4)
5. cite situation where law of inertia applies (S8FE-Ia-15.5)
6. show the effect of force and mass on acceleration (S8FE-Ia-16.1)
7. state the law of acceleration (S8FE-Ia-16.2)
8. solve word problems involving law of acceleration (S8FE-Ia-16.3)
9. state the law of interaction
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What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. An unbalanced forces acting simultaneously on a body could result to
A. A body staying at rest B. An Accelerated motion
C. A constant speed and direction D. An undetermined movement of the body
2. If two forces, F1 = 10N and F2 = 50N are acting on a body in opposite direction,
the body will experience a force and acceleration equal to
A. 10 N and accelerated in the direction of F1
B. 40 N and accelerated in the direction of F1
C. 40 N and accelerated in the direction of F2
D. 50 N and accelerated in the direction of F2
3. When you are seated on the chair, your weight pushes on the chair while the
chair pushes on you. These forces are called
a. Net forces c. Up and down forces
b. Zero forces d. Action and reaction forces
4. If you stand on a skateboard on a shiny floor and
pushed hard on the wall, what will happen to you?
a. Will not move.
b. Will move towards the wall
c. Will move away from the wall.
d. Will not be able to determine motion.
Figure 12.bp.blogspot.com/-
9hcfd5fAbyM/UK6qjJKHezI/
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Lesson
3 Law of Interaction
The famous golden rule, “do unto others what you want others do unto
you” does not only apply when you are talking about good deeds. In science,
this rule has its counterpart as Newton described in the third law of motion.
What’s In
Forces in the first law and second law describe the forces acting
simultaneously on a body and the motion is determined. Like the forces applied
on the rope by the opposing teams in a tug-o-war.
Figure 2http://csrphysicshw.blogspot.com/2015/11/
Notes to the Teacher
The laws of motion are not independent of each other. It must be
made clear to the students that motion depends on the force and
mass of the object. It is also a good practice if learners are taught of
how to represent the forces using free-body diagram.
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What’s New
Action and reaction
If you are seated on the chair, your weight presses on the chair while the
chair pushes on you. When you push the wall, the wall pushes you. When
you are walking, you apply a force to the ground backwards while the ground
pushes you forward.
This pair of forces are called action and reaction forces and are acting on two
different bodies and will not cancel out.
3rd Law of Motion: Law of Interaction
Newton’s third law of motion generally states that in every action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction. So if mango fruit falls from the tree, it is being
pulled by the force of gravity, while the mango fruit pulls the earth.
What is It
Look at the illustrations below. The action and reaction pair of forces do not
cancel out.
Figure 6:https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fclarkscience8.weebly.com
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In the first illustration, the force pairs were illustrated. The massive rock
and the ground were not able to move.
The second illustration, the man pushed back on the boat and the boat
pushed the man forward.
The rocket rests on the ground. As the gas inside the rocket pushes on the
ground downward, the ground pushes the rocket, making it move upward.
What’s More
Activity 1:
Objectives: observe the law of interaction
1. List as many action-reaction pairs of forces can you find in the illustration
and identify the possible thing that could happen.
Figure 7 https://www.fatherly.com/health-science/playground
What I Have Learned
1. Force always comes in pairs, known as action and reaction.
2. The action and reaction pair of forces do not cancel because they act on
two different bodies.
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3. The law of interaction states that in every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
What I Can Do
You may want to see how the three laws of motion explain how things work
around us. Get a copy of this video and see.
Newton’s Laws of Motion (3): Action and Reaction https://youtu.be/cP0Bb3WXJ_k
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. The forces acting on bodies come in pairs called
A. Action and reaction pair B. Up and down force pair
C. Left and right force pair D. Forward and backward pair
2. The third law of motion states that in every action, there is
A. equal and the same reaction B. equal and opposite reaction
C. larger and same reaction D. larger and opposite reaction
3. If two men, 50 kg and 100 kg, both standing on a skateboard, push on
each other, who will get to move farther? Why?
A. the 50 kg man because he has lesser mass
B. the 100 kg man because he has greater mass
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C. both will move at the same speed and direction
D. both will not move because they are pushing on each other
4. How does a very massive space rocket be able to fly up the space?
A. Space rockets are carried to space by light gases.
B. A powerful lift machine is used to launch it to space.
C. The combustion of high-pressured gas is pushed to the ground.
D. The space rocket design and make-up can be pushed to the air.
Additional Activities
Do this to supplement your understanding of the three laws of motion.
A. You are in home quarantine for quite a long time during the outbreak of
COVID-19 pandemic. In your own analysis, can you explain how this
quarantine helped in the flattening of the curve using your knowledge of
the three laws of motion?
B. Make a grid box for the attached puzzle. Answer them in a separate sheet
of pad paper
C. Design a toy or a gadget that can illustrate applications of Newton’s law of
motion as evident in playing a game or any activity. You may consider
working on a catapult, water cannon or any device which can show your
creativity and resourcefulness.
Application of Newton’s Law Concept - 40%
Design and Creativity - 30%
Resourcefulness - 20%
Durability - 10%
References
Pabellon, Josefina L. et.al. Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year,
2004. Book Media Press, Inc. “What Causes Motion?” pp.285-287.
Newton's Third Law of Motion
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws
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Newton’s Laws of Motion (3): Action and Reaction
https://youtu.be/cP0Bb3WXJ_k
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Name: _______________________________________ Date: _____________
Grade/Section: _________________ Teacher: ____________________________
Newton's Laws of Motion
Across 20. property of a body to resist change
2. the force applied on a body 19. a global situation due to covid
5. an equal force applied by the
other body Down
9. the rate of change in velocity 3. how many laws of motion
11. an object with this mass has greater 4. reduces possible damage due to
inertia collision
14. how action and reaction measures 6. virus that causes respiratory disease
15. space between two position 7. forces always come in ____
16. the change in objects position 8. formulated the laws of motion
17. quantity of matter in an 10. a push or a pull
object 12. the third law of motion
18. opposes motion and causes heat 13. unit of mass
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