2B proteins and transport
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 241
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
(2B) Proteins and DNA
1 January 2013 Code: 6BI01/01 Paper 1
2B.6. DNA and protein synthesis
dna unwinds , complementry bases pare with the DNA, formation of phosphodiester
by condensation reaction
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 242
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 243
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
tRNA is folded but mRNA is straight
tRNA has anticodon but mRNA has codons
r
ab
lG
ha
2.B.1.Enzymes
Ni
&
n
wa
its a biolgical reaction which is used to speed up the reaction without being used
up
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 244
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2 January 2014 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
2B. 3. The structure of DNA & RNA
(1)a-
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
2B.2.How enzymes work
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 245
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
l
lG
ha
increase the protease conc increases rate of reaction
Ni
and its non linear increase
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 246
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
time to digest , control the conc of the blood
same vol of the enzyeme , control ph ,
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
(7) b-
n
wa
ag
increase the sufrace area , and makes more chances of enzyme supsrate
complex
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 247
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
3 May 2014 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
2B.3. The structure of DNA & RNA
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 248
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 249
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.4. How DNA works
(1)
semi conservative replection , DNA unwind , mononucletonds line up
along both strand with complementry bases forming hydrogen bond
r
ab
lG
ha
4 January 2015
Ni Code: WBI01/01
2B. 3. The structure of DNA & RNA
Paper 1
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 250
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
2B. 4. How DNA works
wa
(1)
ag
.N
DNA is synthesised , the new dna contains original strand and the new strand
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 251
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 252
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.6. DNA and protein synthesis
(4)
tRNA take place in the nucleus mRNA contains the code for the new protein
mRNA move to the cytoplasm and it associate with the ribosome
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
change of the DNA sequence lead to change in the primary structure
polypeptide chain will fold the active site will change
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 253
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
5 May 2015 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
2B.5. Enzymes
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 254
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.2. How enzymes work
(5) b-
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 255
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.4. How DNA works
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
2B.6. DNA & Protein synthesis
&
(6)
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 256
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
6 May 2016 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
2B.3. The structure of DNA & RNA
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 257
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
Linked to 2B.6.
lG
DNA & Protein
synthesis
ha
Ni
&
2B.1. Enzymes
(7) c-
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 258
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.1. Enzymes
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 259
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
7 January 2017 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
2B.2. How enzymes work
Ni
(6) a-
&
n
wa
enzyme are spacific due to their spacific active site and special enzyme substrate
complex
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 260
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
e
lG
ha
the substrate isnt the ;imiting factor , as the reaction is occuring the
Ni
conc of substrate decreases
&
controlling ph , change in the ph affect the shape of the active site
n
wa
change in ph change ionic bond within enzyme
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 261
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.6. DNA & protein synthesis
(8) c-
H2N cooh
r
ab
8 May 2017 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
lG
2B.3. Structure of DNA & RNA
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 262
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 263
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.4. How DNA works
(1)
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 264
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.4. How DNA works
(7)
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
9 January 2018 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
n
2B.5. The genetic code
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 265
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.3. The structure of DNA & RNA
(6) a-
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
2B.1. Enzymes
n
wa
(8)
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 266
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 267
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
10 May 2018 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
2B.3. The structure of DNA & RNA
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
2B.5. The genetic code
(2)
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 268
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.4. How DNA works
(2)
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
2B.6. DNA & protein synthesis
n
(2)
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 269
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.1. Enzymes
2B.2. How enzymes work
(7)
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 270
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 271
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
11 October 2018 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
2B.3. The structure of DNA & RNA
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 272
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.6. DNA & protein synthesis
(4)
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
2B.2. How enzymes work
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 273
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 274
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 275
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
12 January 2019 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
2B.3. Structure of DNA & RNA
(1) a-
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 276
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
13 May 2019 Code: WBI11/01 Paper 1
2B.5. The Genetic code
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 277
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 278
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.6. DNA & protein synthesis
(3)
r
ab
lG
2B.4. How DNA works
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 279
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 280
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
2B.6. DNA & protein synthesis
lG
(8)b-
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 281
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
14 January 2019 Code: WBI11/01 Paper1
2B.3.The structure of DNA & RNA
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 282
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
2B.6. DNA & Protein synthesis
(3)
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 283
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
15 June 2019 Code: WBI01/01 Paper1
2B.3. The structure of DNA & RNA
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
2B.5. The genetic code
wa
(4)
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 284
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
2B.6. DNA & protein synthesis
ha
(4)
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 285
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
16 October 2019 Code: WBI11/01 Paper1
2B.6. DNA & Protein synthesis
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 286
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.1. Enzyme & 2B.2. How enzymes work
(8)
r
ab
lG
17 January 2020 Code: WBI11/01 Paper1
ha
2B.3. Structure of DNA & RNA
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 287
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
2B.2. How enzymes work
(3)
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 288
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 289
Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
r
ab
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 290
