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4.12: Christine Downton's Brain
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Issue 4.12 | Dec 1996
Christine Downton's Brain Page 1 of 4
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There have been lots of AIbased financial trading systems. This one from
Hughes and Pareto is different. It works.
By Clive Davidson
A lot of men will tell a woman it's her mind they're after. SEE ALSO
But in the case of Christine Downton and some men from Archive Category:
the militaryindustrial complex, it was true. In her head Robots & AI
was expertise that researchers at Hughes Electronics Corp.
Investing & IPOs
missile makers, robot designers, spy satellite pioneers
wanted to tap. Enemy secrets? Weapons plans? No, the
Future of War
nittygritty of financial markets.
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3/24/2016 Wired 4.12: Christine Downton's Brain
In 1993, Christine Downton, a star analyst at the British investment house Pareto
Partners Ltd., flew out to Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California, to
upload her knowledge of the world's bond markets into a machine. That
knowledge now sits in an Apple at Pareto's London offices, looking after funds
worth US$200 million. Another clone of Christine will join it shortly, choosing the
best markets in which to invest. Pareto and Hughes have decided that, in the
war for the world's markets, the mechanized divisions are going to win.
Downton, a Pareto executive named Ron Liesching, and the rest of the Pareto
Hughes team believe that their artificial intelligence trading system call it
Robotrader is one of the first concrete steps toward a shakeout of the financial
industry precipitated by new technology. Computerbased AI systems will
automate many of the jobs of analysts and dealers and destroy the closed shop
in the upper echelons of finance. Wall Street fat cats will see their value
plummet like share prices in a market crash; only those who embrace the
technology will survive.
Plenty of Pareto's opposition, having followed AI's track record in the markets,
will scoff at Robotrader. Scientists have long seen the markets as providing
problems tailormade for their technologies complex, with multiple variables
and large volumes of data that must be processed rapidly. Financiers have
dreamed of magic tools with which to make their fortunes. As a result, lots of
money and most of the contents of the AI tool box expert systems, casebased
reasoning, neural networks, and genetic algorithms have been thrown at the
problem. But the results have been disappointing. AIbased trading systems that
start up in a blaze of publicity, like Citibank's neural network for foreign
exchange trading, tend to have their plugs quietly pulled when they fail to live up
to the press releases.
Liesching, Pareto's director of research, knew about the pitfalls: he'd suffered
through some of them at County NatWest Investment Management, in London.
He knew from the start that such projects take time and money in this case,
more than a year and more than $2 million. But he's not the sort of man to be
deterred by that. He's as sweeping and startling in his predictions about
technology's possibilities in financial markets as he is scathing about other
people's failures to realize them.
In the early 1990s, Liesching started hunting for techie partners to help Pareto
automate the stewardship of at least some of the $17 billion in funds it manages.
Bell Labs, Digital Equipment Corporation, and Unisys were all found wanting.
They had clever, powerful tools, but they didn't meet the peculiarly tough
requirements of the financial world. "There's a high data rate," he says. "There's
a lot of noise in the data, there are errors, it's not all numbers, and you've got to
do the job reliably; if you're wrong you're gone."
Liesching's analysis sounds nasty, even hellish. Which is where the military
comes in. War, after all, is also hell. "The military deals with dirty applied
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3/24/2016 Wired 4.12: Christine Downton's Brain
problems, just like you get in finance," he says.
He's not the first to spot the similarity. Sun Tzu's The Art of War does a brisk
trade among business types as does the US Marine Corps's Warfighting
manual. In fact, last year the marines moved into the New York Mercantile
Exchange, putting officers under training into the trading pits. You can see the
similarities to the modern command post: lots of information but not necessarily
enough, lots of decisions, and a lot riding on it all. According to General Richard
Hearney, Marine Corps assistant commandant, they wanted to compare how the
two professions dealt with the type of stress normally associated with the
battlefield.
The similarities explain why both soldiers and financiers are eager to use AI.
They worry about information overload; they also worry about emotional stress.
Emotions, in Downton's view, are the trader's enemy. "Emotions distort people's
rational judgments,'' she says. "There's a fear factor people tend to make
mistakes when they're losing money. They also make mistakes when they've
made money, because they get bigheaded."
Clive Davidson (cdavidson@cix.compulink.co.uk) writes about science and
technology, mostly for the financial press.
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