Pakistan Zindabad
1. Q. Who was the first Governor-General of Pakistan?
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the first Governor General of Pakistan. He was also the
founder of Pakistan and an exemplary figure for the Muslims of India. It was because of his
struggle, firm determination and effective leadership that Muslims were able to gain
independence.
2. Q. Who was the last Viceroy of India?
Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of India. He became the Viceroy of India in March 1947. He
was sent to India with orders to find out a way of handing over the government. However, he
discovered that the country was already on the verge of the Civil war, and the British government
was divided and powerless. So, he took the decision of dividing India into two states at once.
3. Q. When and where was the ‘Pakistan Resolution’ passed?
Pakistan Resolution was passed in Lahore in March 1940. Pakistan Resolution was passed by the
Muslim League, who took the decision to split India into two separate nations.
4. Q. State briefly what the ‘Pakistan Resolution’ decided?
Pakistan Resolution decided that India needed to be split into two nations. The Muslim League
agreed not to accept any plan for India which failed to give Muslims an independent state in those
parts of India where there were more Muslims than Hindus, such as, East Bengal and North-West.
5. Q. What were the provinces that voted to join Pakistan?
The provinces that voted to join Pakistan were Sindh, North-West Frontier Province, Baluchistan
West Punjab, Sylhet, and East Bengal. As a result, about forty million Muslims were left in India, but
most of the Muslims had a homeland of their own now.
6. Q. Why did Kashmir not join Pakistan?
Kashmir did not join Pakistan because a Hindu Maharaja conquered Kashmir, where the Muslims
were in majority. Quaid-i-Azam was distressed by the fate of Kashmir.
7. Q. How large was the population of Pakistan when it became independent?
When Pakistan became independent, its population was seventy million. Together, these people
gained their identity as a nation as they gained a separate homeland for themselves.
8. Q. How does Pakistan compare in size and population with the other nations of the world?
Compared with the other nations of the world, Pakistan is the greatest of the Muslim states and
the fifth largest nation in the world.
1st year Notes Zeeshan Ali (BS in English) Level Up Academy Nawabshah
Pakistan Zindabad
9. Q. Why does the writer apply the word ‘terrible’ to the first year of Pakistan’s history as an
independent state?
The writer applies the word, “terrible” to the first year of Pakistan’s history as an independent state
because the Muslims who were migrating to Pakistan after its independence met a bad fate. Angry
mobs of Sikhs and Hindus brutally killed or imprisoned about half a million Muslims migrating from
the subcontinent to the newly born state of Pakistan.
10. Q. Where is the tomb of the Quaid-i-Azam?
The tomb of the Quaid-i-Azam is in City of lights (Karachi). He was also born in Karachi and buried in
the heart of the city.
1st year Notes Zeeshan Ali (BS in English) Level Up Academy Nawabshah
Pakistan Zindabad
Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born in 1876, in Karachi. He received his early
education in Karachi and passed his matriculation examination when he was sixteen years old.
Later, he went to England in order to pursue higher education in the field of law. On his return to
India, he started his practice as a lawyer in Karachi. Soon, he moved to Bombay, where he
continued his practice.
Initially, Jinnah joined Indian National Congress and was impressed by its anti-imperialist
stance. He was the ambassador of Hindu Muslim unity but he was extremely disappointed to see
the prejudicial attitude of the Congress and Hindus towards the Muslims. At that stage of his
political career, Jinnah left Congress and dedicated himself to the Muslim League.
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a great leader who had revolutionary ideas. He realized
the dream of Iqbal and awakened the spirit of freedom among the Muslims. It was due to his
determination, undaunting spirit and exemplary leadership that Muslims were able to gain a
separate homeland for themselves on 14th August 1947.
After the independence of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam became the first Governor-General of
Pakistan. He only made constitutional efforts in the freedom movement and for the establishment
of Pakistan but also made the country stable by working hard. He not only persuaded the people to
be patient but also took a practical step for the settlement and the rehabilitation of refugees.
Therefore, he came over the difficulties, which were faced by Pakistan after the division of India.
He stressed on the importance of education, the unity of faith and discipline for the Muslims of
India.
Quaid-e-Azam was a great leader, constitutionalist, a distinguished parliamentarian, a
determined freedom fighter, a dynamic Muslim leader, a political strategist, and, above all one of
the great nation-builders of modern times. He was a man of faith and courage, who devoted his life
to the creation of Pakistan.
1st year Notes Zeeshan Ali (BS in English) Level Up Academy Nawabshah
Pakistan Zindabad
Liaqat Ali Khan
Liaqat Ali Khan was born at Karnal in Punjab, India on 1st October 1896. He received his early
education in his hometown. Later, he joined Aligarh’s famous MAO College. From here, Liaqat Ali
Khan completed his bachelors in Political science. Afterward, he completed his bachelor’s degree in
law in 1918. In order to pursue higher education, he joined Oxford University’s Exeter College.
Liaqat Ali Khan was a brilliant student who got many scholarships and prizes during his educational
career. After completing his higher education, Liaqat Ali Khan returned to India in 1923.
Liaqat Ali Khan was elected as a member of the Legislative Council of the United Provinces in 1926,
where he served for the next fourteen years. During this period, he remained active in the affairs of
the Muslim League and became its secretary in 1937. He became the right hand of Muhammad Ali
Jinnah. Together, they worked closely in building up the Muslim League as an effective political
organization. He was elected as a member of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1940, where he
served to strengthen the Muslim demand for a separate homeland, as the deputy leader of the
Muslim League party.
In 1946, when independence for India was being negotiated with the British, Liaqat was
appointed as the finance minister of the interim government. After the creation of Pakistan,
Liaquat Ali Khan became the first Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Liaqat Ali Khan
was also the first Defence Minister of Pakistan Defence Authorities and also the first Minister of
Commonwealth and Kashmir Matters.
After Quaid-i-Azam’s demise in 1948, he emerged as the most powerful figure in the nation. He
was a liberal democrat and was assassinated by a fanatic on 16th October 1951. He will always be
remembered as one of the founders of Pakistan.
1st year Notes Zeeshan Ali (BS in English) Level Up Academy Nawabshah
Pakistan Zindabad
Syed Ahmad Khan
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was born in 1817 in an aristocratic family in Mughal Delhi. He was a great
theologian, scholar, social reformer, educationist, politician, author, and journalist. He devoted his
entire life to the betterment of the Muslims of the subcontinent. He was of the view that only
modern education would help in the progress and development of Muslims. He visited England in
the year 1869 and visited the most prestigious of British educational institutions. On his return to
India, he established an educational committee. The purpose of this committee was to establish
educational institutions in India, conforming to the British standard of education.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan established English High School at Aligarh in the year 1857, which was
named ‘Muhammadan Anglo Oriented School’. Its model was based on Cambridge University
London. In 1863, he established ‘The Scientific Society’ that aimed to spread knowledge through
the translation of Standard English books into Urdu. In 1877, he laid the foundation of
Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh to impart modern as well as religious education.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was also a social reformer and he wanted the Muslims of India to get an
honorable status in the Hindu dominant society. For this purpose, he wrote his famous books, ‘The
Causes of The Indian Revolt’ and ‘The Loyal Mohammedans of India’. Through these books, he tried
to clear the misunderstandings between the Muslims and the British.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan also provided great political services. He is regarded as one of the
greatest exponents of Two-Nation Theory because after the Hindu-Urdu controversy, he was
convinced that Hindus were not sincere towards the Muslims. In 1878, Sir Syed became a member
of the Viceroy’s Legislative Council and he took up the Indian problems very effectively with the
Indian Government.
In 1886, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan laid the foundation of Muhammadan Educational Conference.
The purpose of this conference was to spread the massage of the Aligarh Movement to the
Muslims throughout India and to motivate the Muslims for acquiring modern knowledge.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a man of great courage and he worked throughout his life for the
betterment of the Indian Muslims. He gave a new vision to the Muslims after the War of
Independence. Moreover, he also revived the dormant consciousness of Muslims and through his
educational, political, and social reforms. His name goes down in Muslim history as arguably the
most influential Indian politician of the 19th century.
1st year Notes Zeeshan Ali (BS in English) Level Up Academy Nawabshah
Pakistan Zindabad
Allama Mohammad Iqbal
Allama Iqbal, generally known as the poet of the East and West, was born in the city of
Punjab, Sialkot, on 9th November 1877. He received his early education in his home town. He
joined Government College, Lahore in 1895, and completed his Masters from University of Punjab
in 1899. In 1905, he left for England, where he was awarded a degree in PHD by Munich University
for his work on Persian philosophy in 1908.
Iqbal was not only a great poet but he was also an active member of the All India
Muslim League. Initially, he was also a believer of Hindu-Muslim unity, however, later he realized
the prejudicial attitude of Congress towards the Muslims of India.
In 1930, during his Allahabad address, he presented the idea that the Muslims are a
separate nation. He declared that there would be no peace in India unless and until Muslims were
recognized as a separate nation. Allama Iqbal suggested that since Punjab, Sindh, N.W.F.P, and
Balochistan are Muslim majority areas, so they must be united under a single Muslim state.
Iqbal not only gave the idea of a separate nation for Muslims but he also played an
important role in the struggle for Pakistan. He awakened the spirit of freedom among the Muslims
of India through his poetry and raised awareness about the propaganda of West against Muslims.
His idea was opposed by Hindus and British alike, but he continued his efforts and wrote a letter to
Quaid-e-Azam in 1937, who realized his dream, and the Pakistan resolution was passed in 1940.
Allama Iqbal was a great poet, thinker, scholar, and politician. He was a philosopher and
revolutionary, who presented the idea of Two-Nation theory, on the basis of which Pakistan
Resolution was passed in 1940. Although he passed away in 1938, and could not see the actual
creation of Pakistan, but he played a major part in its creation.
1st year Notes Zeeshan Ali (BS in English) Level Up Academy Nawabshah
Pakistan Zindabad
Accuse : Blame
BLAME – to say or think that a person is responsible for something wrong; hold someone responsible
for an accident, bad situation or a problem.
ACCUSE – to say that a person did something wrong or illegal; to charge with offense, fault or crime.
BLAME someone for something
ACCUSE someone of something
Afford : Offer
AFFORD – have enough money to pay for.
OFFER – a presenting of something for acceptance
Above - Over : Below - Under
ABOVE – in extended space over and not touching.
BELOW – at a lower level or layer than.
OVER – extending directly upwards from.
UNDER – extending or directly below something.
1st year Notes Zeeshan Ali (BS in English) Level Up Academy Nawabshah
Pakistan Zindabad
Exercise - 4
1. She does all her housework in the evening.
2. Everyone has a hobby; mine and my brother’s is stamp- collecting.
3. Which of these mountain roads remains open in winter?
4. Which one of these mountain roads remain open in winter?
5. Neither you nor I am good enough to pass this examination.
6. Whoever answers this question wins the prize.
7. ‘He who hesitates is lost.’
8. Nobody likes wars and yet to fight is a part of human nature.
9. There is one officer and three soldiers guarding the palace.
10. Gulliver’s Travels is a satire.
11. Many a student fails because of poor attendance.
12. The manager and his secretary are in the office.
13. The manager with his secretary is in the office.
14. ‘Nothing succeeds like success.’
15. My brother, who is an athlete, says that a hundred yards is his best distance.
16. The committee meets today at 3 p.m.
17. This bread and butter is not fresh.
18. The treatment and cure of this disease is very slow.
19. The present king, like his predecessors, loves good food.
20. Four and seven make eleven.
1st year Notes Zeeshan Ali (BS in English) Level Up Academy Nawabshah
Pakistan Zindabad
Exercise - 5
1. Our daily newspapers contain a great deal of information.
2. The milkman delivers tons of milk to our school every day.
3. How much petrol do you want?
4. The storm broke a lot of panes of glass in my greenhouses.
5. He composed a great deal of music in his lifetime.
6. Haven’t you bought a great deal of furniture for your new house?
7. The lions in the zoo need tons of meat every day.
8. How much tobacco do you smoke in a week?
9. How much jam is there in the cupboard?
10. How much cloth will you need for that dress?
Exercise - 6
1. It is quite possible for the poor to be happier than the rich.
2. Young are often more enthusiastic than the old.
3. The wise listen to advice; the foolish do not listen to it.
4. After the battle the stretcher-bearers picked up the wounded and the dying.
5. Nurses helped to look after the injured.
1st year Notes Zeeshan Ali (BS in English) Level Up Academy Nawabshah
