BOOK II (4) Statues, reliefs, paintings or
PROPERTY, OWNERSHIP, AND other objects for use or
ITS MODIFICATIONS ornamentation, placed in buildings
Title I. - CLASSIFICATION OF or on lands by the owner of the
PROPERTY immovable in such a manner that
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS it reveals the intention to attach
them permanently to the
Art. 414. All things which are or tenements;
may be the object of appropriation
are considered either: (5) Machinery, receptacles,
(1) Immovable or real property; or instruments or implements
intended by the owner of the
(2) Movable or personal property. tenement for an industry or works
(333) which may be carried on in a
building or on a piece of land, and
which tend directly to meet the
CHAPTER 1 needs of the said industry or
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY works;
Art. 415. The following are (6) Animal houses, pigeon-houses,
immovable property: beehives, fish ponds or breeding
(1) Land, buildings, roads and places of similar nature, in case
constructions of all kinds adhered their owner has placed them or
to the soil; preserves them with the intention
to have them permanently
(2) Trees, plants, and growing attached to the land, and forming
fruits, while they are attached to a permanent part of it; the animals
the land or form an integral part of in these places are included;
an immovable;
(7) Fertilizer actually used on a
(3) Everything attached to an piece of land;
immovable in a fixed manner, in
such a way that it cannot be (8) Mines, quarries, and slag
separated therefrom without dumps, while the matter thereof
breaking the material or forms part of the bed, and waters
deterioration of the object; either running or stagnant;
(9) Docks and structures which, (1) Obligations and actions which
though floating, are intended by have for their object movables or
their nature and object to remain demandable sums; and
at a fixed place on a river, lake, or
coast; (2) Shares of stock of agricultural,
commercial and industrial entities,
(10) Contracts for public works, although they may have real
and servitudes and other real estate. (336a)
rights over immovable property.
(334a) Art. 418. Movable property is
either consumable or
CHAPTER 2 nonconsumable. To the first class
MOVABLE PROPERTY belong those movables which
cannot be used in a manner
Art. 416. The following things are appropriate to their nature without
deemed to be personal property: their being consumed; to the
(1) Those movables susceptible of second class belong all the others.
appropriation which are not (337)
included in the preceding article;
CHAPTER 3
(2) Real property which by any PROPERTY IN RELATION TO
special provision of law is THE PERSON TO WHOM IT
considered as personal property; BELONGS
(3) Forces of nature which are Art. 419. Property is either of
brought under control by science; public dominion or of private
and ownership. (338)
(4) In general, all things which can Art. 420. The following things are
be transported from place to place property of public dominion:
without impairment of the real
property to which they are fixed. (1) Those intended for public use,
(335a) such as roads, canals, rivers,
torrents, ports and bridges
Art. 417. The following are also constructed by the State, banks,
considered as personal property: shores, roadsteads, and others of
similar character;
shall be governed by this Code,
(2) Those which belong to the without prejudice to the provisions
State, without being for public use, of special laws. (344a)
and are intended for some public
service or for the development of Art. 425. Property of private
the national wealth. (339a) ownership, besides the patrimonial
property of the State, provinces,
Art. 421. All other property of the cities, and municipalities, consists
State, which is not of the character of all property belonging to private
stated in the preceding article, is persons, either individually or
patrimonial property. (340a) collectively. (345a)
Art. 422. Property of public PROVISIONS COMMON TO THE
dominion, when no longer THREE PRECEDING CHAPTERS
intended for public use or for
public service, shall form part of Art. 426. Whenever by provision of
the patrimonial property of the the law, or an individual
State. (341a) declaration, the expression
"immovable things or property," or
Art. 423. The property of "movable things or property," is
provinces, cities, and used, it shall be deemed to
municipalities is divided into include, respectively, the things
property for public use and enumerated in Chapter 1 and
patrimonial property. (343) Chapter 2.
Whenever the word "muebles," or
Art. 424. Property for public use, in "furniture," is used alone, it shall
the provinces, cities, and not be deemed to include money,
municipalities, consist of the credits, commercial securities,
provincial roads, city streets, stocks and bonds, jewelry,
municipal streets, the squares, scientific or artistic collections,
fountains, public waters, books, medals, arms, clothing,
promenades, and public works for horses or carriages and their
public service paid for by said accessories, grains, liquids and
provinces, cities, or municipalities. merchandise, or other things
which do not have as their
All other property possessed by principal object the furnishing or
any of them is patrimonial and ornamenting of a building, except
where from the context of the law,
or the individual declaration, the
contrary clearly appears. (346a)
