STS REVIEWER

Historical Antecedents of science, technology and society in: In

the World Europe, Asia, Philippines

Definitions
• Science – a branch of knowledge that investigates the
natural phenomena around us
• Observation, drawing inferences,
experimentation, drawing conclusions
• Branches Science – Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth
Science, Astronomy

Science Ancient Age: Three-Age System

Classification of Science  Stone Age
1. Physical Science  Bronze Age
2. Life Science  Iron Age
3. Earth Science Three-age system:
Other Classification of Science - Introduced in the early 19th
1. Formal Science (logic and math) century by Christian
2. Natural Science (physics, chem, biology…) Jurgensen Thomsen, a Danish
3. Social Science (study of human behavior archeologist and curator of
the National Museum of
Technology Denmark, Copenhagen
–The application of the concepts of science for the
benefit of humankind.
Three-Age System cont’d
Areas where science is applied and where technology is
being developed -Originally formulated to classify artifacts in
the possession of the museum based on the
Medicine: Vaccines, diagnostic equipment, cell therapy materials they are made of

Engineering: Transportation and Communication, -This gave birth to 3 chronologically

manufacturing, construction, energy production. prehistorical period: Stone, Bronze and Iron
age.
Biotechnology and agriculture: Genetically modified
organisms. Stone Age
Period of weapons made of stone, wood,
Society
bone or materials that are not metals.
- Composed of people that are living in a community,
having the same: culture, economic status, political - Palaeolithic (“Old Stone”) Period
authority - Mesolithic (“Middle Stone) Period
Interrelation of Science, Technology, and Society -Neolithic (“New Stone”) Period
Palaeolithic Period Upper Paleolithic Period
 Longest phase of human history  Variety of cultures of Homo sapiens groups -
Cro-Magnon man, Grimaldi man, etc.
 Evolution of human from an ape-like
 Period known for communal hunting, expensive
creature to a true Homo sapiens fishing, supernatural beliefs, cloth sewing,
 Hunting and harvesting as means for sculpture, painting and making personal
survival ornaments out of bones, horns and ivory.
 People live in small band
Upper Paleolithic Period, cont’d
 People migrate on places where food was
available  First manmade dwellings (pit houses)
Divisions of Paleolithic  Tools include flint and obsidian projectile points
and blades
Lower Paleolithic: Around 3.3 million years ago
 Cave walls were decorated with carvings and
Middle Paleolithic: Between 40,000 – 100,000 years ago
paintings
Upper Paleolithic: Between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago
Lower Paleolithic Period
 Marked the age of human evolution
 Characterized by the development of simple
tools
- Include stone choppers believed to be made
more than a million year ago; unearthed from Stone Age (3000 BC – 1200 BC)
Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
 Tools and weapons were made with
- Comprised those 100,000 – 500,000-year old copper and tin
stone tools made by Homo erectus  Smelting process were done to Shape
Middle Paleolithic Period tin and copper
 Neanderthal man (neanderthalensis or Homo
sapiens neanderthalensis) who existed 40,000
- 100,000 years ago
 Use of fire, stone tools of flakes type for hunting
and bone implements for sewing cloth of animal
skins

Iron Age (1500 BC – 450 AD)

 Articles made of iron.
 Began when smelting pits advanced to high
temperature to smelt iron.
 Diffused slowly to North Africa, to Sahara desert
Middle Paleolithic cont’d
 Evidence of painting the dead before burial
suggested religious practice during this period.
Middle Age or Medieval Period (450 – 1450 AD)
- Laws of Universal Gravitation
 Subdivided into:
- Dark Age (450 – 1000 AD)
- High Middle Age (1000 – 1450 AD)
 Major developments in science and technology
in some parts of the world during this period

Scientific Revolution (1440 – 1690 AD)

 Refers to the great scientific intellectual
achievements Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1895 AD)
 Contributes include:
 Covers the complex technological innovations
– Universe model (Nicolaus Copernicus) (sun as
that led to the substitution of machines for
the center of the universe)
human skills and human and animal forces.

Some technological advancements during

industrial revolution.
Scientific Revolution, cont’d TEXTILE

 Law of Planetary Motion (Johannes Kepler) Rude power

(planets revolve around the sun in elliptical loom: for
orbit)
mechanized
weaving
operation

Fly-shuttle: a
spinning
machine for
increased Cotton gin: for
weaving speed Industrial separation of
Revolution, cotton from
cont’d seed
 Work of Motion (Galileo Galilei)
-Involves the discovery of relations among distance, Coral, Iron Steel
velocity acceleration using scientific approach.

 Isaac Newton
- Laws of Motion