Referent power
Main article: Referent power
Referent power is the power or ability of individuals to attract others and build
loyalty. It is based on the charisma and interpersonal skills of the power holder.
A person may be admired because of specific personal trait, and this admiration
creates the opportunity for interpersonal influence. Here the person under power
desires to identify with these personal qualities, and gains satisfaction from
being an accepted follower. Nationalism and patriotism count towards an intangible
sort of referent power. For example, soldiers fight in wars to defend the honor of
the country. This is the second least obvious power, but the most effective.
Advertisers have long used the referent power of sports figures for products
endorsements, for example. The charismatic appeal of the sports star supposedly
leads to an acceptance of the endorsement, although the individual may have little
real credibility outside the sports arena.[5] Abuse is possible when someone that
is likable, yet lacks integrity and honesty, rises to power, placing them in a
situation to gain personal advantage at the cost of the group's position. Referent
power is unstable alone, and is not enough for a leader who wants longevity and
respect. When combined with other sources of power, however, it can help a person
achieve great success.
Expert power