ZigheeWhat is ZIGBEE * ZigBee is a wireless technology standard that defines a set of communication protocols for short range communications. Why another short-range communication standard ? re ry. C3 Morr) * Zigbee standard is specially build for 7) control and sensor networks ZigBeeWhat is ZIGBEE * Zigbee is a standard that addresses the need of very low-cost implementation of Low power devices with Low data rate for short range wireless communications. —— Os, fe) 9 o * One of the most commonly used standard ¥ g it* my , | for Internet of things (IOT). NT ERNETo: fe a © Open source standard that was developed ys by ZIGBEE Alliance | HIN Gs fle’ 3 aZIGBEE Applications ¢ Home automation ¢ Medical data collection ¢ Industrial control systems Purpose ° Collect information ¢ Perform Control tasks inside a buildingaA Supported Devices * Lights * Door locks * Switches * Smoke Detectors Fans * Appliances * etc...Home Automation ZigBee Device Wall Switch Location 1) Gat Location e Entrance jRemote Monitoring System A Coordinator Personal Computer Blood pressure Internet habe perf 6... om oD abaeotenter the Patient CMC) Too much power 7 devices max ie) High Data Rate (overkill)General characteristics of ZIGBEE Standard ¢ Low power consumption: S Devices can typically operate for several years ona single battery. * Low data rate: 20 kbps — 250 kbps “SS WIFE LIMbps, Binet lbes > 10bP> Short Range: 5)) Up to 75-100 meters indoor Up to 300+ meters (line of sight)General characteristics of ZIGBEE Standard ¢ Network Join time: ~30 msec a” WIFI: Up to 3 seconds, Bluetooth: Up to 10 seconds © Support small and large networks. “e¢., Up to 65000 devices (in theory) / 240 devices (in practice) “<< WIFI: Up to 32 devices, Bluetooth: Up to 7 devices © Low cost of products and cheap implementation Simplicity of the technology Open source protocolGeneral characteristics of ZIGBEE Standard © Security and data authentication ry Uses AES cryptographic algorithm for data encryptionOperating Frequency Bands © There are three frequency bands currently assigned to ZigBee: Europe au a \Austeatig [Channa \ a Channels 10 5 same \ a) * Only one channel will be selected for use in a network.ZIGBEE Devices Types of Zigbee devices © Coordinator @ Routers @ End devicesZIGBEE Devices @ Coordinator * Most capable device * Root of the network * One coordinator in each network Tasks: ¢ Channel selection * Assign an ID to the Network * Allocates unique address to each device * Initiates and transfers messages in the networkZIGBEE Devices @ Routers * Act as intermediate nodes between the coordinator and the end devices * Route traffic between different nodes. * Receive and store messages intended for their children, (ead pag) * Can allow other routérs and end devices to join”. the network© End Device Contains just enough information to talk to the parent node. « They may sleep (a standby), which makes end devices a suitable choice for battery operated devices. + All traffic to an end device is first routed to its parent. « The end device is responsible for requestin: any pending messages from its parent.ZIGBEE Network Topologies Types of Zigbee Topologies * Star Topology * Mesh Topology * Tree TopologyZIGBEE Network Architecture STAR Topology * This is the simplest and less expensive implementation There are no routers in this architecture. * End device can not communicate directly with another end device.ZIGBEE Network Architecture STAR Topology Body Temperature. Sensor Coordinator Health monitoring systemMesh Topology Every node is connected with the neighboring node (except for the end devices) * A message hops from one device to another in order to reach its destination self fy Teilure tolerions ,Mesh Topology * Every node is connected with the neighboring node (except for the end devices) * A message hops from one device to another in order to reach its destination * If a node fails, data can be re-routed using another path. * Self-Healing ProcessTree Topology * It’s not very different from a mesh configuration * Routers are not interconnected. Cluster Tree Network * Expand Network RangeTree Topology © It’s not very different from a mesh configurationChannel Access There are two methods for channel ageéss: - Contention based method, - Contention free method:Channel Access Contention-free method * The coordinator dedicates a specific time slot to each device. This is called a guaranteed time slot (GTS).Channel Access Contention-free method Coordinator time Device 1 Device 2 tet i g Device 3 ; ts3 Device 4 oe = Device s ui ts5 Sleep TimeChannel Access Contention based method * Devices do not need to be synchronized * Carrier Sense Multiple Access — Collision Avoidance mechanism Anytime a device wants to transmit: 1- It first goes into receive mode Cae 2- Detect if there is any signal in the channel. 3- Device will only transmit the data if the channel is clear. - If the channel is not clear, the device backs off for a random period of time and tries again.Zigbee Architecture eG eit De ee cK UL) Eire Cee aha e Ng It defines various addressing objects including profiles, clusters, and endpointsVariants