Community Profile and Narrative Report

A Paper Presented to the Faculty of

Humanities and Social Sciences
FEU High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course:

Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship

Ducay, Ysabel Erza B.

Felimer, Gabrielle
Legson, Trishia C.
Mariano, Luis Sidney N.
Panizal, Lois Justine B.
Ventura, Matt Dhavid D.

Mr. Russel R. Peñamante

Subject Teacher

March 2021

1
 I. Introduction

This community profile seeks to gain information about each head of the household’s
community and its various facets. The respondents came solely from different settings in the
National Capital Region. The main goal of this survey is to know the current situation and activities
of their respective communities where they live in. The survey that has been initiated will cover
the (1) demographic characteristics of household to give the basic information of each family, (2)
education to know the status of each household member about such, (3) health and nutrition to
have a knowledge in terms of the medical aspect, (4) community leadership and participation to
analyze their leaders’ activities and participation of themselves, and lastly, (5) income to
understand the capability of living. In line with this, the community profile worksheet was utilized
in getting the necessary information and ensuring that it is complete and accurate. Ergo, the
following data will be tabulated and turned into graphs and figures to summarize the results. This
will, then, be examined in the narrative report and discussion to further advance the understanding
and comprehension of the processed data.

II. Narrative Report

A. Demographic Characteristics of Household

Demographics is the study of a population based on a number of factors such as age, race,
and sex (Investopedia, 2021). These data refer to the socioeconomic information exhibited in
numbers constituting employment, education, income, marriage rate, birth and death rates, and et
cetera. Moreover, demographic data are advantageous for institutions to fathom how to see the
consumers and chart strategically for future trends.

2
 Relationship To The Head Of Household
0%

17% 17%
0% Head of the HH
0% Spouse
Children
Parent
17%
Grandparent
Other relative
Not related
49%

Figure 1. Relationship To The Head Of Household

The figure shows the relationship to the head of household on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of relationship and
the vertical axis shows the relationships. The figure indicates that the following relationships
garnered children (49%), head of the household (17%), spouse (17%), other relative (17%), parent
(0%), grandparent (0%), and not related (0%). The figure indicates the greatest number of
responses in “children.” The majority of households comprises of children, and next, head of
households and spouses; also, other relatives are affiliated with some of the households.

3
 Sex

45%
Male
Female
55%

Figure 2. Sex

The figure shows the sex on the community profile from six different locations in the
Philippines. The percentage presents the number of sex and the vertical axis shows the types of
sex. The figure indicates that there are male (55%) and female (45%). The figure indicates
the greatest number of responses in “male.” The males are ahead of females in terms of population
in the six households.

4
 Age
0%
4%
10%

10%
Infant
Children
Teens
Adults
Older Adults

76%

Figure 3. Age

The figure shows the age on community profile from six different locations in the
Philippines. The percentage presents the number of ages and the vertical axis shows the age
groups. The figure indicates that the following age groups garnered adults (76%), teens (10%),
children (10%), older adults (4%), and infant (0%). The figure indicates that the majority
of responses are “adults,” meaning the adults dominate many of the households in a large space.

5
 Educational Attainment (Level)
0% 0%

17%

No education
Elementary
45%
High School
Diploma
College
Post-Graduate
38%

0%

Figure 4. Educational Attainment (Level)

The figure shows the educational attainment (level) on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of relationship and
the vertical axis shows the levels. The figure indicates that the following levels garnered college
(45%), high school (38%), elementary (17%), no education (0%), diploma (0%), and post-graduate
(0%). The figure indicates the greatest number of responses in “college.” The majority of
households are college graduates or professionals in respective fields.

6
 Educational Attainment (Status)

33%

Ongoing
Stopped/ out of school
Graduate
63%
4%

Figure 5. Educational Attainment (Status)

The figure exhibits the educational attainment (status) of households on community profile
from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses
and the vertical axis shows the statuses. The figure indicates that the following statuses revealed
graduate (63%), ongoing (33%), and stopped/ out of school (4%). The figure indicates the greatest
number of responses in “graduate.” The majority of household members already finished school,
while some are still studying and least of it all, did not continue their education.

Training Attended In Last 5 Years

26%
35% Functional literacy
Agricultural Production
Health and Nutrition
Leadership
Others

0%
39% 0%

7
 Figure 6. Training Attended In Last 5 Years

The figure shows the training attended in last 5 years on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the
vertical axis shows the trainings. The figure indicates that the following trainings garnered
leadership (39%), functional literacy (35%), others (26%), agricultural production (0%), and health
and nutrition (0%). The figure indicates the greatest number of responses in “leadership.” The
majority of households has experienced attending a leadership program.

Type Of Education Attended

0%

Formal
Non-Formal

100%

Figure 7. Type Of Education Attended

The figure shows the type of education attended on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the vertical axis
shows the types of education. The figure indicates that the respondents all had a formal type of
education (100%), and none in formal education (0%). The figure indicates the greatest number of
responses in “formal.” The majority of households has attended complete and common education.

8
 Occupation

21%
No occupation
Regular office Employee
Contractual Office Employee
Skilled Laborer
13%
54% Farmer
Self-Employed
0% 4% Others
0%
8%

Figure 8. Occupation

The figure shows the occupation on community profile from six different locations in the
Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the vertical axis shows the
occupations. The figure indicates that the following occupations garnered no occupation
(54%), others (21%), self-employed (13%), regular office employee (8%), contractual office
employee (4%), skilled laborer (8%), and farmer (0%). The figure indicates the greatest number
of responses in “no occupation.” The majority of households are not working since many are still
in schools.

B. Education

According to the Oxford Learner's Dictionaries (n.d.), education is considered as a process

of learning, training, and teaching. Whether in school or not, such can be seen to be exercised in
society as it possesses the foundation of knowledge that can help people to improve their rational
nature. This is also a right which every one of proper age should acquire.

9
 School Location (Elementary)

23%
32%

In the Barangay
Outside the Barangay
Not Applicable

45%

Figure 9. School Location (Elementary)

The figure exhibits the school location (elementary) on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and
the vertical axis shows the school locations. The figure indicates that the following school
locations garnered outside the barangay (45%), not applicable (32%), and in the barangay
(23%). The figure conveys the greatest number of school locations in “outside the barangay.” The
majority of households studying in elementary level studies outside the boundaries of their
barangays.

10
 School Location (Secondary)
0%

17%

In the Barangay
Outside the Barangay
Not applicable

83%

Figure 10. School Location (Secondary)

The figure exhibits the school location (secondary) on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and
the vertical axis shows the school locations. The figure indicates that the following school
locations garnered outside the barangay (83%), not applicable (17%), and in the barangay (0%).
The figure conveys the greatest number of school locations in “outside the barangay.” The
majority of households in secondary education are also studying outside the barangay.

11
 Travel Duration (Elementary)

33%
Little time (1-15 min))
Moderate time (16-45min)
50%
A lot of time (more than 45min)
Not applicable

0%
17%

Figure 11. Travel Duration (Elementary)

The figure exhibits the travel duration (elementary) on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and
the vertical axis shows the travel durations. The figure indicates that the following travel durations
garnered not applicable (50%), little time (33%), a lot of time (17%), and moderate time (0%). The
figure conveys the greatest number of travel durations in “not applicable” and “little time (1-15
min)” comes second. The minority of households travels to a nearby elementary education in a
short time.

12
 Travel Duration (Secondary)

17%

33%
Little time (1-15 min)
Moderate time (16-45min)
A lot of time (more than 45min)
Not applicable
33%

17%

Figure 12. Travel Duration (Secondary)

The figure exhibits the travel duration (secondary) on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the vertical axis
shows the travel durations. The figure indicates that the following travel durations garnered a lot
of time (33%), little time (33%), moderate time (17%), and not applicable (17%). The figure
conveys the greatest number of durations in “a lot of time (more than 45min)” and “little time (1-
15 min).” The majority of households travels to a faraway or nearby secondary education in a long
or short time.

13
 Reason for Children Not Studying
0% 0% 0%

17%
0%
Financial Incapability
Child is Physically/mentally ill
Child lacks interest to study
Children not of school age
Not applicable
Other (specify)

83%

Figure 13. Reason for Children Not Studying

The figure exhibits the reason for children not studying on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the
vertical axis shows the reasons. The figure indicates that the following reasons garnered not
applicable (83%), child lacks interest to study (17%), financial incapability (0%), child is
physically/mentally ill (0%), children not of school age (0%), and other (0%). The figure conveys
the greatest number of reasons in “not applicable” and “child lacks interest to study” comes second.
The minority of households’ primary reason not to study is the interest in school.

14
 Prescribed Level of Education
0% 0%
0%

17%

Elementary
Secondary
Vocational-Technical
College
Not applicable

83%

Figure 14. Prescribed Level of Education

The figure exhibits the prescribed level of education on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the
vertical axis shows the levels of education. The figure indicates that the following levels of
education garnered college (83%), not applicable (17%), elementary (0%), secondary (0%), and
vocational-technical (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of levels of education in
“college.” The majority of households aspires their children to become professional individuals in
the future.

15
 Prescribed Type of Employment
0%

17% 16%
0%
0% Government Employee
Non-government employment
Self-employment
Overseas worker
No Children not applicable
other (specify)

67%

Figure 15. Prescribed Type of Employment

The figure exhibits the prescribed type of employment on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and
the vertical axis shows the types of employment. The figure indicates that the following types of
employment garnered non-government employment (67%), no children not applicable (17%),
government employee (16%), self-employment (0%), overseas worker (0%), and other (0%). The
figure conveys the greatest number of types of employment in “non-government employee.” The
majority of households are expecting to raise a child that is not working for the government.

16
 Main Sources of Information
0%
0% Journal
11% 0% Newspaper
22%
Magazine

Leaflet
0%
Television

34% Radio

22% Person contacts (w/

friends/relatives)
Do not receive
information
11% Other - Social media

Figure 16. Main Sources of Information

The figure exhibits the main sources of information on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the
vertical axis shows the sources of information. The figure indicates that the following sources of
information garnered television (34%), person contacts (22%), other - social media (22%),
newspaper (11%), radio (11%), and journal (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of main
sources of information in “television.” The majority of households has television as their reference
of current affairs.

17
 Problems of School
0% 0%

11%
22%
Insufficient number of classroom
Insufficient number of teacher
Insufficient instructional material
High tuition fee
34%
Not applicable
Other (specify)
33%

Figure 17. Problems of School

The figure exhibits the problems of school on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the vertical
axis shows the problems. The figure indicates that the problems garnered insufficient number
of teachers (34%), insufficient instructional material (33%), high tuition fee (22%), insufficient
number of classrooms (11%), not applicable (0%), and other (0%). The figure conveys the greatest
number of problems of school in “insufficient number of teachers.” The majority of
households has reasoned the lack of teachers in schools located in the community and this might
be the logic behind the decision to study outside the barangay.

18
 Decision Maker of Education

33% 32%

Father
Mother
Children

35%

Figure 18. Decision Maker of Education

The figure exhibits the decision maker of education on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the
vertical axis shows the decision makers. The figure indicates that the decision makers are the
mother (35%), children (33%), and father (32%) in the barangay. The figure conveys the greatest
number of decision maker of education in “mother.” The majority of households has their mother
who decides on the members’ educational endeavors.

19
 Opportunities
0%

Yes
No

100%

Figure 19. Opportunities

The figure exhibits the equal opportunities on community profiles from six different
locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the vertical
axis shows the choices. The figure indicates that the choices garnered yes (100%) and no
(0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of equal opportunities in “yes.” The majority of
households has male and female that are given the same opportunities to study.

C. Health and Nutrition

Health is a condition that satisfies the needs of the physical, mental, and social well-being
(World Health Organization, n.d.). Nutrition is the practice of consuming the right amount of
healthy and nutritious food that is essential in the growth and development of the body (World
Health Organization, 2019). Health and nutrition are necessities in attaining a physically fit and
healthy members of households.

20
 Facility for Major Medical or Health Attention
0% 0%

17%

Government Hospital/ Clinic

Private Hospital
Traditional Hilot
Other

83%

Figure 20. Facility for Major Medical or Health Attention

The figure exhibits the facility for major medical or health attention of the households. The
percentage presents the responses and the vertical axis shows the facilities. The figure indicates
that the choices garnered private hospital (83%), government hospital/ clinic (17%),
traditional hilot (0%), and others (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of facilities for
major medical or health attention in “private hospital or cl.” The majority of households trusts the
services of private hospitals than any other.

21
 Reason for Choosing the Facility
0%

Quality service
33%
Costs are reasonable
Accessible to the household
50%
Has well trained personnel
All of the above
Other (specify)

17%

0% 0%

Figure 21. Reason for Choosing the Facility

The figure exhibits the reason for choosing the facility on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the
vertical axis shows the reasons. The figure indicates that the following reasons garnered all of the
above (50%), quality service (33%), costs are reasonable (33%), accessible to household (0%), as
well as, has well trained personnel (0%), and others (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number
of reasons for choosing the facility in “all of the above.” The majority of households chooses the
private hospitals because of its great service, reasonable price, accessibility, and seasoned
personnel.

22
 Frequency of Sickness
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Cough Colds Fever Skin Allergies Diarrhea Toothache Other

Not applicable Never Very seldom Occasionally Frequently Continually

Figure 22. Frequency of Sickness

The figure exhibits the frequency of sickness on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The horizontal above presents the sicknesses and below the
frequencies and the vertical axis shows the percentage. The figure indicates that the frequency of
sicknesses garnered are the following: in cough, very seldom (50%), occasionally (33%), and
frequently (17%); in colds, very seldom (66%), occasionally (17%), and continually (17%); in
fever, very seldom (66%), occasionally (17%), and frequently (17%); in skin allergies, never
(66%), very seldom (17%), and occasionally (17%); in diarrhea, never (66%), very seldom (17%),
and occasionally (17%); in a toothache, never (67%), and very seldom (33%); and other, not
applicable (0%), never (0%), very seldom (0%), occasionally (0%), frequently (0%), and
continually (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of frequencies of cough in “very
seldom,” colds in “very seldom,” fever in “very seldom,” skin allergies in “never,” diarrhea in
“never,” and toothache in “never.” The majority of the households are living healthily without
sickness.

23
 Responsible for Taking Care
0%
0% 0%

Father
Mother
Son
Daughter

100%

Figure 23. Responsible for Taking Care

The figure exhibits the member of the households whose responsibility is to take care
of the sick family member. The percentage represents the number of households and the vertical
axis are the members of household. It indicates that the mother (100%) is in-charge when someone
is sick. It conveys that the greatest number of households prefer “mother.” The majority of the
households designates the mothers to take care the sick family member.

Responsible for Bringing Someone to Medical Assistance

24

17% 16%

0%
 Figure 24. Responsible for Bringing Someone to Medical Assistance

The figure exhibits the members of the household that have the responsibility in deciding
whether to bring the sick household member to the type of medical assistance preferred by the
household. The percentage represents the number of households and the vertical axis are the
members of household. It indicates the following members of the household garnered mother
(67%), daughter (17%), son (17%), and son (0%). The figure conveys that the greatest number of
households prefer “mother.” The majority of the households designate the mothers to have the
responsibility of bringing someone to medical assistance.

25
 Immunization
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

&…
s

lio
si s

ra

)
sB
sA
ps

za
sle

e
is

um
Po
lo

iti

en
iti
ol
ea

ss
co

at
at
Ch

flu
M
tu
M

er

p
p
er

In
He
He
b

,P

r(
Tu

he
ria

Ot
he
t
ip
(D
T
DP

Not applicable Yes

Figure 25. Immunization

The figure exhibits the immunization on community profile from six different locations in
the Philippines. The horizontal axis above presents the sicknesses and below the choices and the
vertical axis shows the percentage from each of the diseases, such as Measles, Tuberculosis, Polio,
DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis & Tetanus), Mumps, Cholera, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and
others and the percentages present the number of households. The figure indicates that Measles
garnered yes (100%) and not applicable (0%), Tuberculosis garnered yes (50%) and not applicable
(50%), Polio garnered yes (100%) and not applicable (0%), DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis &
Tetanus) garnered yes (100%) and not applicable (0%), Mumps garnered yes (100%) and not
applicable (0%); Cholera garnered yes (100%) and not applicable (0%), Hepatitis A garnered yes
(67%) and not applicable (33%), Hepatitis B garnered yes (67%) and not applicable (44%), and
lastly, some chose other (Influenza) and had yes (33%) and not applicable (67%). The figure
conveys that the greatest number of immunizations in “yes.” The majority of the households
acquired immunization for their children.

26
 Responsible for Bringing Children for Immunization
0% 0%
0%

Father
Mother
Son
Daughter

100%

Figure 26. Responsible for Bringing Children for Immunization

The figure exhibits the member of the household whose responsibility is to bring the
children for immunization. The percentage portrays the number of households and on the vertical
axis represents the family members. It indicates the following members of the household garnered
mother (100%), daughter (0%), father (0%), and son (0%). Majority of the households explains
that mothers bring their child to the doctor for immunization. The figure conveys that the greatest
number of households prefer “mother.” The majority of the households consider mother to be
responsible for bringing children for immunization.

27
 Deaths for the Past Two Years
0%

Yes
No

100%

Figure 27. Deaths for the Past Two Years

The figure exhibits the number of deaths in a household for the past two years. The
percentage shows the number of households and on the vertical axis are the choices. It indicates
the following choices garnered no (100%) and yes (0%). The figure conveys that the greatest
number of households answered “no.” The majority of the households have a low mortality among
the involved households.

28
 Main Source of Water (Drinking)
0%
0%0%
0%
Government operated water
system
Private operated water system

Piped deep well

Open well

Rain water

Natural bodies pf water (e.g. rivers,

lakes, & streams)
100% Others (specify)

Figure 28. Main Source of Water (Drinking)

The figure exhibits the different water resources which is essential for drinking in every
household. The percentage shows the number of households and on the vertical axis are the
choices. The figures indicates that the following sources of water garnered private operated water
system (100%), government operated water system (0%), piped well (0%), open well (0%), rain
water (0%), natural bodies of water (0%), and others (0%). The figure conveys that the greatest
number of households answered “private operated water system.” The majority of the households
use a privately operated water system to sustain their drinking water.

29
 Main Source of Water (Bathing)
0%
0%0%
0%
Government operated water
system
Private operated water system

Piped deep well

Open well

Rain water

Natural bodies pf water (e.g. rivers,

lakes, & streams)
100% Others (specify)

Figure 39. Main Source of Water (Bathing)

The figure shows the different water resources which is essential for bathing in every
household. The percentage shows the number of households and on the vertical axis are the
choices. This figure indicates that the following sources of water garnered private operated water
system (100%), government operated water system (0%), piped well (0%), open well (0%), rain
water (0%), natural bodies of water (0%), and others (0%). The figure conveys that the greatest
number of households answered “private operated water system.” Thus, all of the households use
a privately operated water system to sustain their bathing needs.

30
 0% Type of Toilet
0%
0% 0%

17%

Flush/water sealed
Closed pit
Open pit
Public
None
Others (specify)

83%

Figure 30. Type of Toilet

The figure exhibits the type of toilet on community profile from six different locations in
the Philippines. The percentage shows the number of households and on the vertical axis are the
choices. It indicates that the following types of toilet garnered flush/water sealed (83%), closed pit
(17%), and open pit (0%), public (0%), none (0%), and others (0%). The figure conveys that the
greatest number of households answered “flush water sealed.” The majority of the households
prefers flush/water sealed as their type of toilet.

31
 0% Garbage Disposal System
0%
0% 0% 0%

Burn
33% Dump in pit
Recyclable/make into compost
Wrap and throw (specify where)
Garbage collector
Combination of the above
67%
Others (specify)

Figure 31. Garbage Disposal System

The figure exhibits the garbage disposal system on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The percentage shows the number of households and on the vertical
axis are the choices. It indicates that the following garbage disposal system garnered garbage
collector (67%), combination of the above (33%), burn (0%), dump in pit (0%), recyclable/make
into compost (0%), wrap and throw (0%), and others (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number
in garbage disposal system is “garbage collector.” The majority of the households relies on
government or private operated garbage collections in the community.

32
 Frequency
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Everyday Every other day Once a week

Rice/Rice substitute Fish/sea foods Meat (poultry, pork, beef)

Vegetables Fruits Milk
Eggs Others

Figure 32. Frequency

The figure exhibits an assessment on the frequency of food consumption in every food
group. The horizontal above presents the frequencies and below the food groups and the vertical
axis shows the percentage. The figure indicates that rice/rice substitute garnered everyday (100%),
every other day (0%), and once a week (0%); fish/sea foods garnered every other day (67%), once
a week (33%), and everyday (0%); meat (poultry, pork, and beef) garnered every other day
(67%), everyday (33%), and once a week (0%); vegetables garnered everyday (50%), every other
day (50%), and once a week (0%); fruits garnered everyday (50%), once a week (50%), and every
other day (0%), milk garnered everyday (50%), once a week (33%), and every other day
(17%); eggs garnered every other day (50%), everyday (33%), and once a week (17%); and others
garnered everyday (0%), every other day (0%), and once a week (0%). The figure conveys the
greatest number of frequencies of food consumption in rice/rice substitute with “everyday,”
fish/sea foods with “every other day,” meat (poultry, pork, and beef) with “every other day,”
vegetables with “everyday” and “every other day,” fruits with “everyday” and “once a week,” milk
with “everyday,” and eggs with “every other day.” The majority of households consume these
heathy and nutritious foods adequately.

33
 Quantity Code
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Too much Too little Just right

Rice/Rice substitute Fish/sea foods Meat (poultry, pork, beef)

Vegetables Fruits Milk
Eggs Others

Figure 33. Quantity Code

The figure exhibits an assessment on the quantity of food consumption in every food
group. The horizontal above presents the quantities and below the food groups and the vertical
axis shows the percentage. It indicates that rice/rice substitute garnered just right (83%), too little
(17%), and too much (0%); fish/sea foods garnered just right (83%), too little (17%), and too much
(0%); meat (poultry, pork, beef) garnered just right (83%), too little (17%), and too much (0%);
vegetables garnered just right (83%), too little (17%), and too much (0%); fruits garnered just right
(83%), too little (17%), and too much (0%); milk garnered just right (83%), too little (17%), and
too much (0%); eggs garnered just right (83%), too little (17%), and too much (0%); and others
too much (0%), too little (0%), and just right (0%). 0% just right, 0% too little and 0% too
much. The figure conveys the greatest number of food quantities among the food groups in “just
right.” The majority of households has a fair amount of food quantity on a weekly basis.

34
 Responsible for Selecting the Kind of Food to Buy and Eat
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Father Mother Son Daughter

Food to buy Food to eat

Figure 34. Responsible for Selecting the Kind of Food to Buy and Eat

The figure exhibits the responsible for selecting the kind of food to buy and eat on
community profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The horizontal above presents
the members and below the responsibilities and the vertical axis shows the percentage. In terms of
food to buy, the following members garnered mother (67%), father (33%), son (0%), and daughter
(0%). In terms of food to eat, the following members garnered mother (50%), daughter (33%), son
(17%), and father (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of members for selecting the kind
of food to buy and eat in “mother.” The majority of households has their mother in selecting the
food to buy and eat.

35
 Food Shortage 1

Yes
50% 50%
No

Figure 35. Food Shortage 1

The figure exhibits the food shortage 1 on community profile from six different locations
in the Philippines. The percentage shows the number of households and on the vertical axis are the
choices. The figure indicates that yes (50%) the households experienced food shortage, and no
(50%) did not experienced food shortage. The figure conveys the number of food shortages in
“yes” and “no.” It discusses that half of the households has experienced food shortage in the course
of their lives.

36
 Food Shortage 2

Yes
50% 50%
No

Figure 36. Food Shortage 2

The same with the previous figure, the figure exhibits the food shortage 2 on community
profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage shows the number of
households and on the vertical axis are the choices. The figure indicates that yes (50%) the
households experienced food shortage, and no (50%) did not experienced food shortage. The
figure conveys the number of food shortages in “yes” and “no.” It discusses that half of the
households has experienced food shortage in the course of their lives.

37
 Main Food Item of Shortage
0% 0%

16% Rice/rice shortage

Fish/seafood
Meat (poultry, pork, beef)
Fruits

50% 17% Vegetables

Milk
Eggs
0%
0% Others - Snacks
17% 0% No shortage

Figure 37. Main Food Item of Shortage

The figure exhibits the main food item of shortage on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The percentage shows the number of households and on the vertical
axis are the choices of food items. The figure indicates that the following food items garnered no
shortage (50%), others – snacks (17%), fruits (17%), meat (16%), rice/rice substitute (0%), milk
(0%), eggs (0%), fish/seafood (0%), and vegetables (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number
of main food item of shortage in “no shortage.” The majority of households did not experienced
food shortage in the aforementioned food items.

38
 Main Course of Food Shortage
0% 0%
0%

Not enogh production

Crop loss due to bad weather/

other natural calamities
Not enough income

50% 50%
High price of food items

Others

Not applicable

0%

Figure 38. Main Course of Food Shortage

The figure exhibits the main course of food shortage on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage shows the number of households and on the
vertical axis are the causes of food shortage. The figure indicates that the following causes
garnered high price of food items (50%), not applicable (50%), not enough production (0%), crop
loss due to bad weather/ other natural causes (0%), not enough income (0%), and others (0%). The
figure conveys the causes of food shortages in “not applicable” and “high price of food items.” It
explains that some of the households did not experience food shortage and some have experienced
food shortage due to high price of food items.

D. Community Leadership and Participation

Community leadership is about interacting with people and encouraging people to achieve
a specific goal (ourcommunity.com.au, n.d.). Leadership is a prerequisite in building the
participation and interactions with the citizens in the community. According to IGI Global (n.d.),
Community Participation engages citizens to be a part of decision-making and problem-solving in
the community. This part will mainly focus on the community leadership and citizen
participation.

39
 Identity of Leaders
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Captain Secretary Treasurer Councilor

YES NO

Figure 39. Identity of Leaders

The figure exhibits the identity of leaders on community profile from six different locations
in the Philippines. The horizontal axis presents the leaders and the vertical axis shows the choices.
The figure indicates that the following choices garnered the following results: captain, yes (83%)
and no (17%); secretary, no (83%) and yes (17%); treasurer, no (83%) and yes (17%); councilor,
yes (83%) and no (17%). The figure conveys the greatest number of identity of captain in “yes,”
secretary in “no,” treasurer in “no,” and councilor in “yes.” The majority of households identifies
their captain and councilor and not the secretary and treasurer that are appointed in the barangay
council.

40
 Activeness
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Captain Secretary Treasurer Councilor

Active Not Active Don't Know

Figure 40. Activeness

The figure exhibits the activeness of leaders on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The percentage shown in the horizontal axis presents the leaders and
the vertical axis shows the choices. The figure indicates that the following choices garnered the
following results: captain, active (83%), don’t know (17%), and not active (0%); secretary, don’t
know (83%), active (17%), and not active (0%); treasurer, don’t know (83%), active (17%), and
not active (0%); councilor, active (67%), don’t know (33%), and not active (0%). The figure
conveys the greatest number of activeness of captain in “active,” secretary in “don’t know,”
treasurer in “don’t know,” and councilor in “active.” The majority of households suggests that
barangay council is active but its appointed members, secretary and treasurer, are not known if
active.

41
 Opportunities of Men and Women to Run as Leader
0%

Yes
No
Don't know

100%

Figure 41. Opportunities of Men and Women to Run as Leader

The figure exhibits the opportunities of men and women to run as leader on community
profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of
responses and the vertical axis shows the choices. The figure indicates that the following choices
garnered yes (100%), no (0%), and don’t know (0%). The conveys indicates the greatest number
of opportunities of men and women to run as leader in “yes.” The majority of households’ council
gives opportunities to both men and women in terms of leadership.

42
 Frequency of Council Meeting
0%

33%

Yes
No
Don't know

67%

Figure 42. Frequency of Council Meeting

The figure exhibits the frequency of council meeting on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and
the vertical axis shows the choices. The figure conveys that the following choices garnered no
(67%), yes (33%), and don’t know (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of frequencies
in “no.” The majority of households’ council does not conduct frequent meetings for the
community.

43
 Dissemination of Matters in Council Meeting

33%

Yes

50% No
Don't know

17%

Figure 43. Dissemination of Matters in Council Meeting

The figure exhibits the dissemination of matters in council meeting on community profile
from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses
and the vertical axis shows the choices. The figure indicates that the following choices garnered
yes (50%), no (33%), and don’t know (17%). The figure conveys the greatest number of
dissemination of matters in council meeting in “no.” The majority of households’ council does not
distribute matters with regards to council meeting.

44
 Community Programs Participation in the Past Two Years
(Program)

10% Crop production

20% Animal/livestock
0%
0% Small fishery
0% Health and nutrition

10% Dressmaking
Education
40%
Handicraft
Other - Leadership
20%
Other - Outreach program

0%

Figure 44. Community Programs Participation in the Past Two Years (Program)

The figure exhibits the community programs participation in the past two years (program)
on community profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the
number of responses and the vertical axis shows the community programs. The figure indicates
that the following community programs garnered other – leadership (40%), education (40%), crop
production (40%), dressmaking (10%), other – outreach program (10%), animal/livestock (0%),
small fishery (0%), health and nutrition (0%), and handicraft (0%). The figure conveys the greatest
number of programs in the past two years in “other – leadership.” The majority of households are
engaged into leadership in terms of community participation programs.

45
 Community Programs Participation in the Past Two Years
(Role)
0%

20%
Project leader
0%
Assistant Leader
0%
Secretary
Treasurer
60% 20%
Committee Member
Member/Benefactor

Figure 45. Community Programs Participation in the Past Two Years (Role)

The figure exhibits the community programs participation in the past two years (role) on
community profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the
number of responses and the vertical axis shows the roles. The figure indicates that the following
roles garnered member/benefactor (60%), assistant leader (20%), committee member (20%),
project leader (0%), secretary (0%), and treasurer (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number
of roles in “member/benefactor.” The majority of household members are engaged into community
programs as a member/benefactor in terms of roles.

46
 Community Programs Participation in the Past Two Years
(Performance)
0% 0% 0%
0%
Poor performance no benefit to
household
Fair performance some benefit to
30% household
good performance

very good

70% don't know/can't assess

others (specify)

Figure 46. Community Programs Participation in the Past Two Years (Performance)

The figure exhibits the community programs participation in the past two years
(performance) on community profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage
presents the number of responses and the vertical axis shows the ranges of performance. The figure
indicates that the following ranges of performance garnered very good (70%), good performance
(30%), poor performance no benefit to household (0%), fair performance some benefit to
household (0%), don’t know/can’t assess (0%), and others (0%). The figure conveys the greatest
number of performances in “very good.” The majority of households are rated excellent in terms
of their community programs participation performance.

47
 Community Programs Participation in the Past Two Years
(Limiting Factors Of Performance)
0% 0% No Factor/No comment

20% Lack of resources

0%

0% Required too much time

0%
Lack motivation

Poor Local leadership

80% Need suitable to the need of

community
Others (specify)

Figure 47. Community Programs Participation in the Past Two Years (Limiting Factors Of
Performance)

The figure exhibits the community programs participation in the past two years (limiting
factors of performance) on community profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The
percentage presents the number of responses and the vertical axis shows the limiting factors of
performance. The figure indicates that the following limiting factors of performance garnered no
factor/no comment (80%), poor local leadership (20%), lack of resources (0%), required too much
time (0%), lack motivation (0%), need suitable to the need of community (0%), and others (0%).
The figure conveys the greatest number of limiting factors of performance in “no factor/no
comment.” The majority of households has no say in terms of limiting factors of performance as
they are rated excellent in their performance.

48
 Medium of Conveying Problems or Suggestions
0%
0% 0% 0%

20%
Personal meeting
Phone
Suggestion box
Bulletin Board
Open letter
Other (specify)
80%

Figure 48. Medium of Conveying Problems or Suggestions

The figure exhibits the medium of conveying problems or suggestions on community

profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of
responses and the vertical axis shows the mediums of conveying problems or suggestions. The
figure indicates that the following mediums garnered phone (80%), personal meeting (20%),
suggestion box (0%), bulletin board (0%), open letter (0%), and other (0%). The figure conveys
the greatest number of mediums of conveying problems and suggestions in “phone.” The majority
of households has their device in advancing concerns toward the council.

49
 Frequency of Consultations to Leader

26%
36% Anytime
Once a week
Once a month
Never

14% Do not know

12%
12%

Figure 49. Frequency of Consultations to Leader

The figure exhibits the frequency of consultations to leader on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the number of responses and the
vertical axis shows the frequencies. The figure indicates that the following frequencies garnered
anytime (36%), do not know (26%), never (14%), once a month (12%), and once a week (12%).
The figure conveys the greatest number of frequencies in “anytime.” The majority of households’
council members are available anytime of the week for consultations.

50
 Reasons for Not Participating in Any Community Program
0% 0% Do not need. Not interested

Do not know such program

17% 0%
Lack of resource/ time to
participate
8% Information was not useful
0%
0%
Had a bad exoerience in the
program
The program was stopped

75%
Not applicable

Other (specify)

Figure 50. Reasons for Not Participating in Any Community Program

The figure exhibits the reasons for not participating in any community program on
community profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents
the number of responses and the vertical axis shows the reasons. The figure indicates that the
following reasons garnered not applicable (75%), do not know such program (75%), lack of
resource/ time to participate (8%), do not need. not interested (0%), lack of resource/ time to
participate (0%), information was not useful (0%), had a bad experience in the program (0%), the
program was stopped (0%), and other (0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of reasons for
not participating in any community program in “not applicable.” The majority of households are
participative that is why there are not many reasons for not participating in any community
program.

51
 Development Programs That Are Needed but Not yet
Available
0% 3%
3%
17% 8% Crop Production
Animal/Livestock
Small Fishery Program
16% Health and Nutrition
Handicraft/Cottage Industry
Education
36% Leadership
17%
Others (Specify)

Figure 51. Development Programs That Are Needed but Not yet Available

The figure exhibits the development programs that are needed but not yet available on
community profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the
number of responses and the vertical axis shows the developmental programs. The figure indicates
that the following relationships garnered education (36%), leadership and handicraft/cottage
industry (17%), health and nutrition (16%), small fishery program (8%), crop production (3%),
animal/livestock (3%), and others (0%). The figure indicates the greatest number of development
programs that are needed but not yet available in “education.” The majority of households needs
development program for education in the community.

52
 Willingness to Cooperate
0%

Yes
NO

100%

Figure 52. Willingness to Cooperate

The figure exhibits the willingness to cooperate on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the responses and the vertical axis shows the
choices. The figure indicates that the following choices garnered yes (100%) and no (0%). The
figure conveys the greatest number of willingness to cooperate in “yes.” The majority of
household members thinks that the community members are willing to cooperate in any
developmental program implemented.

E. Income

Income, as stated by Kagan (n.d.), a contributor from Investopedia, is money or the

equivalent value that an individual or business receives, usually in exchange for providing a good
or service or through investing capital. Through this flow of payments achieved by labor or capital
on a regular basis, economies are run and families are fed. In a capitalist society wherein, monetary
goods are owned by individuals and therefore making money one of the most vital constructs in
society, income is the embodiment of how money is received, consumed, and saved.

53
 Household's Total Monthly Income
0% 0% 0% 0%

17%

Less than 3, 000

3,001-4,000 pesos
4,001- 5,000 pesos
5, 001- 6, 000 pesos
6, 001- 7, 000 pesos
7, 001- above

83%

Figure 53. Household’s Total Monthly Income

The figure exhibits the willingness to cooperate on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the responses and the vertical axis shows the
choices. The figure indicates that the following choices garnered yes (100%) and no (0%). The
figure conveys the greatest number of willingness to cooperate in “yes.” The majority of household
members thinks that the community members are willing to cooperate in any developmental
program implemented.

54
 Sources of Income
100% 17% 0%0%0% 0%0%0% 0%0%0% 0%0%0% 0%0%0% 0%0%0% 0%0% 0%0% 0%0% 0%0%
83% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 33%
67% 50%
50% 50%
50%
90%

80%

70% 6 6 6 6 6 6
6 6
6 6 6 6
60% 6
6
50% 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

40%

30%

5 6 6 6 6 6 6
20% 4
3 3 3 3
10% 2
1
0% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Don't Know

Don't Know

Don't Know

Don't Know

Don't Know

Don't Know

Don't Know

Don't Know

Don't Know

Don't Know
Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Not Desirable

Not Desirable

Not Desirable

Not Desirable

Not Desirable

Not Desirable

Not Desirable

Not Desirable

Not Desirable

Not Desirable
No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No
20000/10,000 1,000,000/7,000 10,000/200,000/40,0
100,000/50,000/17,0
00 00
17% 83% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 33% 67% 50% 50% 50% 50%
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 4 3 3 3 3
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
Farming Rice Potted Plants Fruit Trees Livestock Swine Ducks Chickens Cattle Others (business)
A. Non-farming
RemittancesOthers(work/business)
Regular Salary
Wages

COUNT TOTAL PERCENTAGE

Figure 54. Sources of Income

The figure exhibits the sources of income on community profile from six different
locations in the Philippines. The data shows that the sources of income constitute farming rice
approximately P10,000 that can be raised if desirable, others (business) approximately P7,000 to
P1,000,000 that can be raised if desirable, remittances approximately P10,000 to P100,000 that
can and cannot be raised if desirable, others (work/business) P17,000 that can and cannot be raised
if desirable.

55
 Responsible for Keeping the Income

17%

0%

Father
Mother
50%
Son
Daughter
33%

Figure 55. Responsible for Keeping the Income

The figure exhibits the responsible for keeping the income on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the responses and the vertical axis
shows the responsible persons. The figure indicates that the following responsible
persons garnered father (50%), mother (33%), daughter (17%), and son (0%). The figure conveys
the greatest number of responsible persons for keeping the income in “father.” The majority of
households considered the father of every household responsible for keeping the income.

56
 Monthly Expenditures (Food)
0%

33%

P 0- 1000
P1001- 3000
P3000 above

67%

Figure 56. Monthly Expenditures (Food)

The figure exhibits the monthly expenditures (food) on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the responses and the vertical axis
shows the ranges of expenditure. The figure indicates that the following ranges of
expenditure garnered P3000 above (67%), P1001-3000 (33%), and P0-1000 (0%). The figure
conveys the greatest number of monthly expenditures (food) in “P3000 above.” The majority of
households have provided a high amount for their food commodities monthly.

57
 Monthly Expenditures (School)
0%0%

None
Less than P 50
P51- 100
P101 and above

100%

Figure 57. Monthly Expenditures (School)

The figure exhibits the monthly expenditures (school) on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the responses and the vertical axis
shows the ranges of expenditure. The figure indicates that the following ranges of
expenditure garnered P101 and above (100%), none (0%), less than P50 (0%), and P51-100
(0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of monthly expenditures (school) in “P101 and
above.” The majority of households have allocated a high amount for educational purposes.

58
 Monthly Expenditures (Clothing)
0%0%

None
Less than P100
P101-200
P201 and above

100%

Figure 58. Monthly Expenditures (Clothing)

The figure exhibits the monthly expenditures (clothing) on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the responses and the vertical axis
shows the ranges of expenditure. The figure indicates that the following ranges of
expenditure garnered P201 and above (100%), none (0%), less than P100 (0%), and P101-200
(0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of monthly expenditures (clothing) in “P201 and
above.” The majority of households spends this kind of amount in acquiring clothes to wear.

59
 Monthly Expenditures (Medicine and Medical Care)
0%0%

None
Less than P50
P51-100
P100 and above

100%

Figure 59. Monthly Expenditures (Medicine and Medical Care)

The figure exhibits the monthly expenditures (medicine and medical care) on community
profile from six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the responses and
the vertical axis shows the ranges of expenditure. The figure indicates that the following ranges of
expenditure garnered P100 and above (100%), none (0%), less than P50 (0%), and P51-100
(0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of monthly expenditures (medicine and medical
care) in “P100 and above.” The majority of households spends on this range of expenditure to
suffice their monthly medicine and medical care.

60
 Monthly Expenditures (Housing)
0%

Less than 100

P101- 300
P301 and above

100%

Figure 60. Monthly Expenditures (Housing)

The figure exhibits the monthly expenditures (housing) on community profile from six
different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the responses and the vertical axis
shows the ranges of expenditure. The figure indicates that the following ranges of
expenditure garnered 100% P301 and above (100%), 0% less than 100 (0%), and 0% 101-300
(0%). The figure conveys the greatest number of monthly expenditures (housing) in “P301 and
above.” The majority of households affords monthly housing with a fair amount of money.

61
 Monthly Expenditures (Transportation)
0% 0%

17%

None
Less than P 50
P51- 100
P101 and above

83%

Figure 61. Monthly Expenditures (Transportation)

The figure exhibits the monthly expenditures (transportation) on community profile from
six different locations in the Philippines. The percentage presents the responses and the vertical
axis shows the ranges of expenditure. The figure indicates that the following ranges of expenditure
garnered P101 and above (83%), none (0%), less than P50 (0%), and P51-100 (0%). The figure
conveys the greatest number of monthly expenditures (transportation) in “P101 and above.” The
majority of households spends enough money to pay monthly transportation.

III. Discussion

Community profiling is the process of gathering information on the physical demographics,

access to community services, and inventory of socio-economic status. The conduct of community
profiling was possible through an online assessment sheet and disseminated to six (6) participating
households from different locations of the Philippines. Every household assigned a member to be
their head of household that will accomplish the online assessment sheet. The community profile
evaluates a wide array of factors that includes demographic characteristics, education, health and
nutrition, community leadership and participation, and income. The group investigated the
significant similarities and comparisons on the lived experiences of the participating households.
With assurance and determination, the group is able to collate the necessary data with ease and
convenience through the help of technology, and the accuracy is well-presented.

The initial prerequisite of community profile is the demographic characteristics of

households. The population of the six (6) households consists of 29 (twenty-nine) members. Each

62
household is related through marital and familial relationships. The ages of household members
range from young adolescence to senior adults. The majority of the households consist of more
students undergoing educational courses in formal learning. The workforce of each household
leans toward functional literacy whose abilities engage in community development.

In the facet of education, the majority of household members both elementary and
secondary level are currently studying outside the barangay with a fair duration of travel. There
are gaps in the community school system that contribute to this selection of not studying inside the
barangay. The parents or head of households have big dreams for their children to become
professionals and work outside the government institutions. The mother decides the education of
her children. Furthermore, household members’ main source of information is television which is
easy to access. It can be observed that male and female are given equal opportunities to education
in the household.

In line with the aspect of health and nutrition, majority of the households avail the services
of formal and proper health care in private hospitals for the reason that they feel more trust with
the services offered by the mentioned health institution. Moreover, chosen households exhibit the
seldomness of acquiring common illnesses throughout the year and the role and responsibility of
taking care of a sick household member and bringing them for medical assistance is majorly
designated to the mothers. The aspect of immunization for the household members are shown to
been done for illnesses such as influenza. In line with the main sources of water that the households
get from, the sources are shown to be usually private and safe for daily usage. Proper garbage
disposal like garbage collection is also done by the households. The majority of households are
able to consume healthy and nutritious foods adequately. However, some have experienced food
shortage in the course of their lives due to financial factors. The role of purchasing food to be
consumed is usually given to mothers.

The community leadership and participation are big factors in the lives of households. In
spite of this, many of the household are not well aware of the other members of the barangay
council, such as secretary and treasurer. The opportunities in the political arena are equal for both
male and female. The communities lack meetings and dissemination of information in the name
of the general public. In this portion of the community profile, the participation of households is
impressive and that leadership got the majority of it. Above all, the role of barangay council
remains paramount and progressive for the households.

The last part of the community profile is the aspects of income in each household. This
part refers to how each household acquire and spend their money along with how much they earn.
Majority of the households have a total monthly income of ample amount. From these incomes,
most of it are coming from non-farming methods although a minority still earn through farming
methods. The safekeeping of the household income are trusted to almost any member. For the most
part, the households are able and well in the monthly expenditures with the highest money that can
be used for that part.

In conclusion, the idea that all members are residing in the same region, many of its
communities and its background information are working in the same manner. The gathered data

63
were mostly majorities and seldom minorities due to varying factors and sameness in the region.
On the flip side, they may differ in the characteristics and assessments, but as long as the
households can avail services and are able to live life with the right resources, the community is
fine as this was the goal of the community profile.

IV. Tabulation

• Google Sheets
http://bit.ly/CESCTabulation
[QR SCAN] CESC TABULATION – GOOGLE SHEETS

64
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Debitoor. (n.d.). Household income - What is household income? Debitoor.

https://debitoor.com/dictionary/household-

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%20invoicing%20software%20like%20Debitoor.

Education. (n.d). Oxford Learner's Dictionaries. Retrieved March 4, 2021, from

https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/education#:~:t

ext=1%5Buncountable%2C%20singular%5D%20a,little%20education%20She%20comple

ted%20her

Hayes, A. (2021, February 28). Demographics. Investopedia.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/demographics.asp

IGI Global. (n.d.). What is Community Participation. Www.Igi-Global.Com. Retrieved March

20, 2021, from https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/community-education-new-hiv-

prevention/37953

Kagan, J. (n.d.). Income Definition. Investopedia.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/income.asp

ourcommunity.com.au. (n.d.). Boards: Qualities of Good Leadership.

Https://Www.Ourcommunity.Com.Au/Marketing/Marketing_article.Jsp?ArticleId=1356.

Retrieved March 20, 2021, from

https://www.ourcommunity.com.au/marketing/marketing_article.jsp?articleId=1356

World Health Organization. (2019, October 11). Nutrition. https://www.who.int/health-

topics/nutrition

65
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Constitution. https://www.who.int/about/who-we-

are/constitution

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