BUDESONIDE:
Class: Corticosteroid , inhalant
Indications:
Maintenance and prophylactic treatment of asthma.
Available dosage form in the hospital:
- BUDESONIDE 500MCG SUSP. FOR NEBULIZATION
- BUDESONIDE 100MCG/DOSE N/SPRAY
- BUDESONIDE 200MCG TURBUHALER
- BUDESONIDE 64 MCG/DOSE NASAL SPRAY
Dosage:
-Asthma: Oral Inhalation: Titrate to lowest effective dose once patient is stable.
-U.S. labeling : Pulmicort flexhaler®: :Initial :360 mcg twice daily (selected patients may
be initiated at 180 mcg daily ) ; maximum : 720 mcg twice daily ;Note : may increase
dose after 1-2 weeks of therapy in patient who are not adequately controlled.
- NIH Asthma Guidelines (NIH, 2007) (administer in divided doses twice daily):
"Low" dose: 180-600 mcg/day
"Medium" dose :> 600-1200 mcg/day
"High" dose : >1200 mcg/day
-Canadian labeling: Pulmicort® Turbuhaler®:
-Initial (or during periods of severe asthma or when switching from oral corticosteroid
therapy): 400-2400 mcg daily in 2-4 divided doses
-Maintenance: 200-400 mcg twice daily (higher doses may be needed for some patients).
Patients taking 400 mcg/day may take as a single daily dose.
-Conversion from oral systemic corticosteroid to orally inhaled corticosteroid: Initiation
of oral inhalation therapy should begin in patients whose asthma is reasonably stabilized
on oral corticosteroids (OCS). A gradual dose reduction of OCS should begin ~7-10 days
after starting inhaled therapy. U.S. labeling recommends reducing prednisone dose by 2.5
mg/day (or equivalent of other OCS) on a weekly basis (patients using oral inhaler) or by
≤25% every 1-2 weeks (patients using respules). Canadian labeling recommends reducing
prednisone dose by 2.5 mg/day (or equivalent of other OCS) every 4 days in closely
monitored patients or every 10 days if not closely monitored. If adrenal insufficiency
occurs, temporarily increase the OCS dose and follow with a more gradual
withdrawal. Note: When transitioning from systemic to inhaled corticosteroids,
supplemental systemic corticosteroid therapy may be necessary during periods of stress or
during severe asthma attacks.
-Nebulization:Pediatric: Pulmicort Respules®: Children 12 months to 8 years: Titrate to
lowest effective dose once patient is stable; start at 0.25 mg/day or use as follows:
Previous therapy of bronchodilators alone: 0.5 mg/day administered as a single
dose or divided twice daily (maximum daily dose: 0.5 mg)
Previous therapy of inhaled corticosteroids: 0.5 mg/day administered as a single
dose or divided twice daily (maximum daily dose: 1 mg)
Previous therapy of oral corticosteroids: 1 mg/day administered as a single dose
or divided twice daily (maximum daily dose: 1 mg)
-NIH Asthma Guidelines (NIH, 2007):
-Children 0-4 years:
“Low” dose: 0.25-0.5 mg/day
“Medium” dose: >0.5-1 mg/day
“High” dose: >1 mg/day
-Children 5-11 years:
“Low” dose: 0.5 mg/day
“Medium” dose: 1 mg/day
“High” dose: 2 mg/day
Geriatric
Refer to adult dosing.
Renal Impairment:
Inhalation, Nebulization, Oral: No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer’s labeling
(has not been studied).
Hepatic Impairment:
Inhalation, Nebulization, Oral: No specific dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer’s
labeling (has not been studied). Manufacturer labeling for oral budesonide suggests a dosage
reduction may be necessary with moderate to severe impairment. Budesonide undergoes
hepatic metabolism; bioavailability increased in cirrhosis; monitor closely for signs and
symptoms of hypercorticism.
Common side effect:
-Oral inhaler (Pulmicort Flexhaler®):
Cardiovascular: Syncope (1% to 3%)
Central nervous system: Fever (≥3%), headache (≥3%), pain (≥3%), insomnia (1% to
3%)
Dermatologic: Bruising (1% to 3%)
Gastrointestinal: Dyspepsia (≥5%), nausea (2% to ≥5%), abdominal pain (1% to 3%),
taste perversion (1% to 3%), vomiting (1% to 3%), weight gain (1% to 3%),
xerostomia (1% to 3%), gastroenteritis (viral; 2%), oral candidiasis (1%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia (≥5%), weakness (≥5%), back pain (≥3%),
fracture (1% to 3%), hypertonia (1% to 3%), myalgia (1% to 3%), neck pain (1%
to 3%)
Otic: Otitis media (1%)
Respiratory: Nasopharyngitis (9%), cough (≥5%), rhinitis (≥5%), respiratory infection
(≥3%), sinusitis (≥3%), nasal congestion (3%), pharyngitis (3%), allergic rhinitis
(2%), upper respiratory tract infection (viral; 2%)
Miscellaneous: Infection (1% to 3%), voice alteration (1% to 3%)
-Suspension for nebulization:
Otic : otitis media
Respiratory : Respiratory infection , rhinitis
Pregnancy Risk Factor: C (capsule, tablet)/B (inhalation)
