RESERVE OFFICERS TRAINING CORPS
MILITARY SCIENCE 1
HANDBOOK/WORKBOOK
(INSTRUCTOR’S COPY)
QUIRINO S CALONZO
2007
PREFACE
The implementation of Republic Act 9163 otherwise known as the National Service
Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001 made the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC)
program voluntary. The law also reduced the training period from two years to one year
only. This necessitated revisions on the approach on the conduct of the ROTC program
particularly on the conduct of advocacy campaign, incentives to cadets and the program
of instruction (POI) itself. The latter aims to make instructions more appealing to the
cadets and for them to devote more time for practical exercises and other hands-on
activities. However, there are mandatory subjects which normally need more time longer
than what is allocated. There is a need to reduce the teaching period without affecting
the scope of the subject.
This handbook and also a workbook is a compilation of the subjects for Military
Science 1 taken from applicable US Field Manuals and Philippine Army Manuals as well.
It is devised to assist the instructors and cadets to easily achieve the teaching and
learning objectives of the ROTC program. This is in consonance with HPA Letter
Directive dated 12 June 2007. Subject: Revitalizing the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
(ROTC) Program.
Upon completing the MS 2 of the ROTC program, the cadets will be enlisted into
the reserve force. This handbook, containing basic military subjects, will remain as one
of their reference materials whenever they will be called for active military training or
service.
QUIRINO S CALONZO
Tarlac City
5 July 2007
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my grateful acknowledgement on the invaluable assistance
extended to me by the following in the preparation of this material:
The Training Staff of the 3rd Regional Community Defense Group, ARESCOM,
headed by LTC DANIEL A DELA CRUZ INF (GSC) PA;
To MSgt FABIAN SEGUERA (RES) PA who is also a professor of Tarlac State
University for his technical assistance in the design of this workbook;
To the ROTC Instructors and cadets who inspired me to prepare this material to
standardize teaching and enhance learning of the basic military subjects;
To my Family for their morale support and for those whose names were not
mentioned but have assisted me in one way or the other in the preparation of this
material for their time and effort;
And above all, to the Great Architect of the Universe for giving me the right
attitude, strength and wisdom, my sincerest thanks and heartfelt gratitude.
MILITARY SCIENCE I
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1. MILITARY ORIENTATION:
a. Legal Bases
b. Military Organization
c. Philippine Military History
d. AFP Core Values
e. Military Courtesy and Discipline
f. Military Justice
g. Military Justice
h. Military Leadership
2. COMBAT TRAINING OF INDIVIDUAL SOLDIER (CTIS):
a. Basic Intelligence
b. Basic Map Reading and Land Navigation
c. Individual Movement Technique
d. Basic Formation
e. Basic Weapon Training
1) M16 RifleCal 5.56 mm
2) M14 USRifleCal 7.62 mm
3) Hand Grenade
f. Pre-Marksmanship Training
3. PUBLIC INFORMATION
a. Threat to National Security (Knowing the Enemy of the State)
b. Peace Process
4. CIVIL AFFAIRS
a. Army Social Responsibility Program
b. Disaster Preparedness
c. Community Service
5. MANDATORY READINGS
a. Interior Guard Duty
b. Human Rights
c. Anti and Counter Terrorism
d. Basic Signal Communication
e. Basic Survival
f. Intro to CMO
6. ANNEXES
a. Republic Act 9163
b. POI for MS1
NAME: DATE:
COURSE & SECTION:
CHAPTER ONE
ACTIVITY 1: (To be submitted on Saturday)
FILL IN THE BLANK THE CORRECT WORD/S NEEDED TO COMPETE THE FOLLOWING:
LEGAL BASES
Section 4, Article II of the Constitution provides that the prime
duty of the Government is_______________________. The
Government may call upon the people to defend the State and in the
fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions
provided by law, to render personal military or civil service.
Section 38, Article VII, Republic Act 7077 – states that,
“_____________________ for students enrolled in colleges,
universities and similar institutions of learning is mandatory pursuant
to the provisions of the National Defense Act of 1935 and the 1987
Constitution.”
Commonwealth Act Number 1, otherwise known as the
_______________________, was the very first statutory enactment by
the Commonwealth government on December 23, 1935.
Commonwealth Act Number 1 required the compulsory military
training of all college students. Executive Order Nr 207 was later
issued by President Manuel L Quezon requiring all college students to
undergo military instructions pursuant to Commonwealth Act Nr 1.
The very rationale of military training is the defense of the state,
whether actual or in preparation to make it more effective in case of
need.
The National Defense Act was amended in 1980 by Presidential
Decree 1706 (________________________________) which directs that
military service will no longer be compulsory, but leaving the national
service or training to be in effect. Military Training Service (MTS),
Civic Welfare Service (CWS), Law Enforcement Service (LES) make up
the National Service Program. But the CWS and LES component were
suspended, leaving only the MTS program, which is the present ROTC
program. In SY 1993-1994 DND, CHED and DILG formed a tripartite
committee, the Basic ROTC Program was expanded upholding three
(3) programs of the National Service Law (MTS, LES and CWS). It was
implemented in 1996 but failed since only five percent (5%) of the
students enrolled in CWS and LES components while ninety-five
percent (95%) took the MTS (ROTC).
The rising agitation and recent events call for the re-examination
and review of the sixty-year-old law requiring college students to
undergo military training. This resulted to the enactment of
____________________________ which makes ROTC Optional and
requires male and female freshmen students taking baccalaureate
degree and at least two (2) year vocational/technical or associate
courses to take the National Service Training Program (NSTP) with
any of the three (3) Program Components namely: ROTC, Literacy
Training Service and Civic Welfare Training Service.
MILITARY ORGANIZATION
The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) recognizes the
_______________of the Republic of the Philippines as the legitimate
expression of the people’s will. It is mandated to serve and protect
the people and secure the sovereignty of the state and the integrity of
its national territory from internal and external threats. Therefore, the
AFP pledges allegiance to the Filipino people, adheres to the principle
of ___________________________________________________ and
vows to uphold and defend the constitution.
_______________________
It is defined as a group of persons or units bonded together to
perform military functions with definite responsibilities and duties
assigned to each individual.
THE CHAIN OF COMMAND
In any organization, flow of authority and responsibility is of
utmost importance. It enables an organization to function smoothly.
And thus, everything that has to do with the operation of the group
must pass through channels. In the military point of view, effective
management of the groups is shown through the _________________.
The President (___________________)
Secretary of National Defense –
Chief of Staff, AFP
Major Service Commanders (PA, PN, PAF)
__________________________ (NOLCOM, SOLCOM, WESCOM,
VISCOM, WESTMINCOM, EASTMINCOM)
Division Commanders
Brigade Commanders
Battalion Commanders
Company Commanders
Platoon Leaders
Squad Leaders/Team Leaders
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
The Department of National Defense (DND) is located at Camp
Emilio Aguinaldo, EDSA, Quezon City.
The DND is the agency under the Executive Branch of the
government which is responsible for the
____________________________ of the country. To accomplish this
mission, it has executive supervision over the bureaus, offices and
services that are placed by the President under its jurisdiction.
MISSION OF DND
1. To ____________________________ of the Republic of the
Philippines against all enemies both foreign and domestics.
2. To ensure,____________________________ , the security
of the RP and of vital interest.
3. To____________________________ the national policies
and interests of the RP.
4. To safeguard the internal security of RP.
ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES
In line with the accepted concept of civilian
____________________________and as provided in our Constitution,
the ___________________is the Commander –in-Chief of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines. The President exercises strategic direction
through the Secretary of National Defense and exercises the same
through the Chief of Staff, AFP who directly represents him.
MISSION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES.
1. To uphold the sovereignty, support the constitution and
defend the territory of the RP against all enemies, both foreign and
domestic.
2. To advance the ___________________ interests and
policies.
3. To effectively plan for the organization, maintenance,
development and employment of its ___________________ for
national security.
4. To perform such other duties as the President may direct.
STATEMENT OF BASIC FUNCTIONS
1. The ___________________– is the highest military officer in
the AFP. Being the Commanding General of the AFP, he exercises
command over all elements of the organization. He executes the
President’s command functions in relation to military strategy, tactics
and operation. He is the ___________________ of the SND and is
responsible for the planning, development and examination of the
National Defense Program.
2. The Vice Chief of Staff, AFP – VCSAFP is the Deputy
Commanding General of the AFP. He ______ the Chief of Staff and
performs his function during the latter’s absence or inability to
perform.
3. The Deputy Chief of Staff, AFP – DCSAFP is designated by
the CSAFP ____________________________and over the Joint Staff
and Special Staff (Administrative and Technical).
4. Secretary of Joint Staff, AFP – the SJSAFP is the
___________________ of the CSAFP, VCSAFP and DCSAFP. He is the
secretary of the Joint Staff.
a. The Joint Chief, AFP:
The general staff of the AFP is known as the Joint
Staff, AFP (JSAFP). It is composed of the CSAFP, the VCSAFP, the
DCSAFP and the heads of the Joint Staff Divisions. Following are the
different Joint Staff Divisions:
1) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel and
Administration, J1
2) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, J2
3) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, J3
4) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, J4
5) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, J5
6) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications,
Electronics and Information System, J6
7) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Civil Military
Operation, J7
8) The Deputy Chief of Staff for
____________________________, J8
b. The Special Staff:
The Special Staff for the AFP consist of the two staff
groups, which ____________the CSAFP on matters pertaining to their
specialized fields of service or activity.
1) The Administrative Staff
a) The Inspector General (TIG)
b) The Adjutant General (TAG)
c) The Judge Advocate General (TJAG)
d) The Chief, Chaplain Service (TCCHS)
e) The Chief Finance Service (TCFS)
f) The Chief Provost Marshal General
(TCPMG)
g) The Chief Special Services (TCSPS)
h) The Chief Historical Activities (TCHA)
i) The Chief Doctrines Development (TCDD)
2) _____________________
a) The Chief of Engineers (TCE)
b) The Quartermaster General (TQMG)
c) The Chief, Communication, Electronics &
Information Service (TCCES)
d) The Surgeon General (TSG)
e) The Chief Dental Service (TCDS)
f) The Chief Nurse (TCN)
c. The AFP Wide-Support and Separate Units
Directly under the CSAFP are a number of separate
units called the ____________________________________
(AFPWSSU). These units perform specific function and services for
the whole armed forces.
1) GHQ & HSC
2) Presidential Security Group (PSG)
3) Philippine Military Academy (PMA)
4) Joint Command and Staff College (JCSC)
5) AFP Reserve Command (AFPRESCOM)
6) AFP Logistics Center (AFPLC)
7) Intelligence Service, AFP (ISAFP)
8) AFP Medical Center (AFPMC)
9) AFP Communications, Electronics and
Information System (AFPCEIS)
10) AFPF inance Center (AFPFC)
11) AFP Commissary and Exchange Service
(AFPCES)
12) Civil Relation Service, AFP (CRSAFP)
MISSION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AFP
The mission of the Armed Forces of the Philippines is:
“___________________________________________.”
The following are the functions of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines:
1) Uphold the sovereignty, support the Constitution and
defend the territory of the Republic of the Philippines against all
enemies, foreign and domestic.
2) Promote and advance the national aims, goals,
interest and policies.
3) ___________________________________________.
4) Perform other functions as provided by law or
assigned by higher authority.
MAJOR SERVICES OF THE AFP
The armed force is composed of the
_______________________________________. The regular force
consists of the regular officers and men and a percentage of reserve
officers and personnel called for or to active duty. The AFP has three
Major Services namely: GHQ/HSC
1. Philippine Army
2. Philippine Navy
AFPCEIS
3. Philippine Air Force
NOLCOM
AFP ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
PSG
AFP
SOLCOM
PMA
PA PN PAF PA Major Services
AFPCEIS
Area Commands
AFPJCSC
VISCOM
PN
NOLCOM SOLCOM VISCOM WESCOM SOUTHCOM ________
AFP
RESCOM
AFP-Wide Support Separate Units
WESCOM
PAF
AFP
PASAFP
LOGCTR
GHQ/HSC PSG PMA AFPJCSC AFP LOGCTR ISAFP AFPMC
EASTMINCOM
RESCOM
AFPCEIS AFPCEIS PASAFP AFPFC
ISAFP
AFPFC
AFPMC
MISSION OF PHILIPPINE ARMY:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
___.
CAPABILITIES
1. Organize, train and equip army forces for the conduct of
prompt and sustain combat operation on land.
2. Develop doctrines, procedures, tactics, organization &
equipment peculiar to the army.
3. Develop in coordination with other major services,
doctrines, procedures, tactics and equipment of interest to the army
for joint operations.
4. Provide an organization capable of furnishing adequate,
timely and reliable intelligence for the army.
5. ___________________________________________ .
MISSION OF THE PHILIPPINE AIR FORCE
To ___________________________________________especially
those forces needed to defend the Philippines against air attacks, to
gain air superiority and control vital air areas.
CAPABILITIES
1. Organize, train and equip air forces for
____________________of surface troops.
2. Develop doctrines, procedures, tactics organization and
equipment peculiar to air force for unit-service operations.
3. Develop in coordination with other major services,
doctrines, procedures, tactics and equipment of interest to the air
force for joint operations.
4. Furnish __________________________________for
cartographic purposes in coordination with other government
agencies.
5. Perform such other functions as the President may direct.
MISSION OF PHILIPPINE NAVY:
To organize, train, equip, maintain and operate naval forces,
aircraft and other naval units necessary to provide the
__________________________ required by the AFP in
accomplishment of its mission.
CAPABILITIES
1. Assist proper government agencies in the enforcement of
laws and regulations pertaining to navigation, immigration, custom
revenue, quarantine and fishing in the territorial and contiguous water
of the Philippines.
2. Develop doctrines, procedures, tactics, organization and
equipment __________________________ for uni-service operations.
3. Perform such other duties as the President may direct.
MISSION OF ARESCOM
To develop, organize, train, equip and administer a high
competent mobilizeable _____________________ as an integral
component of the total army in the defense of the state and to
participate in socio-economics development effort of the government.
CAPABILITIES
1. Administer reservists.
2. Provide ready reserve force.
3. Conduct informal assembly.
4. Sustain the production of reservists.
5. Assist in relief and rescue operations during disaster and
calamities.
6. Assist the local government units.
7. Assist in socio-economic activities.
8. Assist retirees and veterans.
9. Support the internal security operations in terms of
intelligence collection and civil military operations.
10 Support the “Berdeng Pilipinas” Program of PGMA.
PHILIPPINE ARMY ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
PA
Combat Units HHSG
LABDe SOCOM
Combat Support Units
INF DIV
SG, PA CAG ISG 525ECBn
Engr Bde
Service Support Units
TRADOC AREO ASCOM ARESCOM AMIC SSU PAFC
VICECOM
CS
RMISO PED ATC HQS BN
NCR
HSCOY
CDC
RES Units ROTC UNIT
