Haryana

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Haryana was carved out of Punjab on 1 st November 1966, as the 17th Indian state.
There are diverse interpretations about the origin of the name of Haryana. In ancient
time, this region was known as Brahmavarta, Aryavarta and Brahomoupdesa.
These names are based on the emergence of Brahma-Lord on the land of Haryana ;
the abode of Aryas and home of the preachings of vedic cultures and other rites.
Its other names Bahudhanyaka and Bahudhana suggest Haryana as the land of
plentiful grains and immense riches.
Haryana is located in the northwest India between 27 degree 39' N to 30 degree 35' N
latitude and between 74 degree 28' E to 77 degree 36' E longitude and with an altitude
between 700-3600 ft above sea level.
The capital of Haryana, Chandigarh, is shared by its neighboring state of Punjab,
designed by Swiss born French architect, Le Corbusier.
At 44,212 sq km, Haryana covers 1.34% of India's geographical area.
In 2016- 17, Haryana reported a per capita income of 1,80,174 per annum as
compared to the national average of 1,03,818.
Haryana has 6 administrative divisions - Ambala, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Hisar, Karnal and
Faridabad.

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22 districts

72 sub-divisions
93 revenue tehsils
50 sub-tehsils
140 community development blocks
154 cities and towns
7356* villages and 6212 villages panchayats.
Capital: Chandigarh
Governor: Sh. Satyadeo Narain Arya
Chief Minister: Sh. Manohar Lal Khattar
Chief Secretary: Sh. Depinder Singh Dhesi
Haryana Legislative Assembly Speaker : Kanwar Pal
Vidhan Sabha seats: 90
Lok Sabha seats: 10
Rajya Sabha seats: 05
High Court : Punjab and Haryana High court (Chandigarh)
Chief Justice : Justice Krishna Murari
State Animal: Black Buck
State Bird: Black Francolin

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 State Tree: Peepal
State Flower: Lotus
First Governor : Sh. Dharma Vira
First Chief Minister: Sh. Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma

*According to Census 2011, Haryana has 6841 Villages.

Formation of Haryana
The area included in the present state of Haryana was ceded to the British East India
Company in 1803.
In 1832 it was transferred to the then North-Western Provinces of British India, and in
1858 Haryana became a part of Punjab.
Due to the repressive policy of the British Government, no significant development
was made in the region in the sphere of education, trades, industry, means of
communication and irrigation. Consequently it remained backward throughout the
19th century.
The union between Haryana and Punjab was awkward, largely because of religious
and linguistic differences between the two regions: Punjabi-speaking Sikhs of Punjab
vis-à-vis Hindi-speaking Hindus of Haryana.
With the change of capital from Calcutta to Delhi on December 12,1911, the Haryana
region was further isolated.
In 1920’s, certain changes in Delhi district were suggested by the Muslim League and
people of the region to Sir J.P. Thomson, the Commissioner of Delhi.
In 1928, all parties conference at Delhi again made a demand for extension of the
boundaries of Delhi.
Further, the agitation for a separate state of Haryana was led by Lala Lajpat Rai and
Asaf Ali, both prominent figures in the Indian national movement, as well as by Neki
Ram Sharma, who headed a committee to cultivate the concept of an autonomous
state.
At the Second Round Table Conference in 1931, Sir Geoffrey Corbert, Financial
Commissioner of the then Punjab Government and Secretary of the Indian Delegation
to the Round Table Conference,suggested the reorganisation of the Punjab
boundaries and the separation of the Ambala Division from Punjab.
In 1932, Deshbandhu Gupta stated that "Hindi speaking region had never been a part
of Punjab. It was essential for the development of this region to separate it from
Punjab and form a new State by uniting with it certain adjoining parts of
Delhi,Rajasthan and of the U.P.
The demand of the creation of the Greater Delhi or Vishal Haryana was actively
supported by several leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Moti Lal Nehru, Asaf Ali, Sir
Chhotu Ram and Pt. Thakur Dass Bhargava.

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 Haryana remained part of Punjab after the independence in 1947, but the demand for
separate states—supported by both Hindus and Sikhs—continued, undiminished.
Indeed, the movement gained momentum, reaching its fullest intensity in the early
1960s.
Finally, with the passage of the Punjab Reorganization Act (and in accordance with the
earlier recommendations of the States Reorganization Commission), Haryana was
separated from Punjab in 1966 to become the 17th state of India on the
recommendation of the Sardar Hukam Singh Parliamentary Committee.
The formation of this committee was announced in the Parliament on 23 September
1965. On 23 April, 1966, acting on the recommendation of the Hukam Singh
Committee, the Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the
chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide and set up the boundaries of Punjab and
Haryana giving consideration to the language spoken by the people.
The commission gave its report on 31 May, 1966. According to this report the then
districts of Hisar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak, and Karnal were to be a part of the
new state of Haryana. Further, the Tehsils of Jind (district Sangrur), Narwana (district
Sangrur), Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhri were also to be included.
The city of Chandigarh, and a Punjabi speaking area of district Rupnagar were made a
union territory serving as the capital of both Punjab a nd Haryana.
According to the Rajiv-Longowal Accord, Chandigarh was to be transferred to the state
of Punjab in 1986, but the transfer was delayed and it has not been executed so far.

Population and Population density, Area, Literacy

Description 2011 2001

Approximate Population 2.53 2.11 Crore

Crores

Actual Population 25,351,462 21,144,564

Male 13,494,734 11,363,953

Female 11,856,728 9,780,611

Population Growth 19.90% 28.06%

Percentage of total Population 2.09% 2.06%

Urban Population Percentage 34.79% 28.92%

Rural Population Percentage 65.21% 71.08%

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Sex Ratio 879 861

Child Sex Ratio 834 819

Density/km2 573 478

Density/mi2 1,485 1,239

Area(Km2) 44,212 44,212

Area mi2 17,070 17,070

Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 3,380,721 3,335,537

Male Population (0-6 Age) 1,843,109 1,833,655

Female Population (0-6 Age) 1,537,612 1,501,882

Literacy 75.55% 67.91%

Male Literacy 84.06% 78.49%

Female Literacy 65.94% 55.73%

Total Literate 16,598,988 12,093,677

Male Literate 9,794,067 7,480,209

Female Literate 6,804,921 4,613,468

History of Haryana

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Ancient
The earliest reference to Haryana found in Chahamana Inscription describing
Arnoraja as carrying arms into Haritanaka that is Haryana. The territorial
designation Hariala mentioned in the Skandapurana also stands for the same
region.
Excavations of various archeological sites in Haryana, like Naurangabad and
Mitathal in Bhiwani, Kunal in Fatehabad, Agroha and Rakhigarhi in Hisar, Sites in
Rukhi (Rohtak) and Banawali in Sirsa have evidence of pre-Harappan and
Harappan culture.
Haryana is the region where, along the banks of the River Saraswati, the Vedic
Civilization began and matured.
It was here that the Vedas were written, as the Aryans chanted their sacred
Mantras. Replete with myths and legends, Haryana's 5000 year old history is
steeped in glory.
B.B. Lal was the first to bring to light archaeological evidence for the pre-Buddha
history of the region with his discovery of the Painted Grey Ware at Kurukshetra,
Pehowa, Amin, Panipat, etc. He has associated this pottery with the Aryans of
the Mahabharata period.
These places are mentioned in the Mahabharata as Prithudaka (Pehowa),
Tilprastha (Tilput), Panprastha (Panipat) and Sonprastha (Sonipat).
It was here that Lord Krishna preached Bhagavad-Gita at the start of the battle
of Mahabharat and Ved Vyas wrote Mahabharata in Sanskrit.
Before the Mahabharat war, a battle of ten kings took place in the Kurukshetra
region in the Saraswati valley. But it was the Mahabharat War, approximately in
900 BC, which gave the region worldwide fame.
Haryana has been the scene of many wars because of it being "The Gateway of
North India". As years rolled by, successive streams of Huns, Turks and the
Afghans invaded India and decisive battles were fought on this land.
After the downfall of the Gupta empire in the middle of 6th century AD north
India was again split into several kingdoms. The Huns established their
supremacy over the Punjab. It was after this period that one of the greatest King
of ancient India, Harshvardhan began his rule. He became the King of Thanesar
(Kurukshetra) in 606 AD, and later went on to rule the most of north India.

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 Medieval
After Harsha death, the kingdom of his clansmen, the Pratiharas ruled over a
vast region for quite a while from Harsha's adopted capital of Kannauj.
The region was strategically important for the rulers of North India even though
Thanesar was no more as central as Kannauj.
Prithviraj Chauhan established forts in Haryana at Taraori and Hansi in the 12th
century. But Muhammad Ghori has conquered these areas in the Second Battle
of Tarain( 1192) after defeating him.
After his death, the Delhi Sultanate was established, that ruled much of India for
several centuries.
The earliest reference to 'Hariana' occurs in a Sanskrit inscription dated 1328 AD
kept in Delhi Museum, which refers to this region as The heaven on earth,
indicating that it was fertile and relatively peaceful at that time.
Palam Baoli Inscription of the time of Balban (A.D. 1280) provides its variant
name as Hariyanaka.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq established a fort at Hisar in 1354 to further fortify the
region, and also constructed canals or rajwahas as they were referred to in the
Indo-Persian history.
The three famous battles of Panipat took place near the modern town of
Panipat.
The first battle took place on 21 April 1526, where Babur, the ruler of Kabul
defeated Ibrahim Lodi of the Delhi Sultanate, through the use of field artillery.
In the Second battle of Panipat (November 5, 1556), Akbar's forces defeated Hem
Chandra Vikramaditya also called Hemu, who belonged to Rewari in Haryana
and who had won 22 battles during 1553-1556 before acceding to Delhi throne.
Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761, between the Afghan
warlord Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas under Sadashivrao Bhau of Pune.
Ahmad Shah won decisively in this battle.
After the Third Battle of Panipat, the Marathas lost courage to go to their native
place but many of the families resided at various places in Haryana like Kaithal,
Assaundh, Karnal, Hansi, Bhiwani etc.
Suraj Mal was encouraged by the defeat of Marathas in the 3rd Battle of Panipat
and sent his son Jawahar Singh to attack on Musavi Khan, the Mughal faujdar of
Gurgaon and Rohtak. Along with areas under Musavi Khan, Suraj Mal also
conquered the territories of Pataudi, Rewari and Bahadurgarh.
These incidents, on the other hand, alarmed Najibud-daula who attacked Suraj
Mal and killed him in a battle near the river Hinden on December 25, 1763. His
death was a great loss to the Jats in particular and Hindus in general.

Principalities Founder

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 Kaithal Yudhisthira

Thanesar Mith Singh

Ladwa Sahib Singh and Gurdit

Singh

Kunjpura Nijabat Khan

Modern
The period of instability in Haryana was ended by the establishment of the rule
of East India company in 1803. But the people of Haryana did not accept the new
masters and revolted against the Britishers irrespective of caste and religion.
The Sikh chiefs of Ambala, Karnal and Thanesar were the first to oppose the
company rule.
The Muslim Bhatti Rajputs of the western Haryana organized under the
leadership of Zabita Khan of Sirsa and Rania and Khan Bahadur Khan of
Fatehabad against Britishers.
In November, 1809 Col. Adams was sent with a big contingent to attacked
Fatehabad, Sirsa and Rania and emerged victorious in all the battles during
expedition.
The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49) was fought between the Sikh Empire and
the British East India Company and resulted in the Battle of Gujrat on 21
February 1849, at which the British defeated the Sikhs. As a result of this, on 2
April 1849 they declared Punjab as a new province of British India. This included
most of Haryana, while the rest was ruled by the princely states of Loharu,
Nabha, Jind and Patiala.
The state of Thanesar was confiscated by Britishers in 1850 and most of Sikh
chiefs reduced to the position of ordinary Jagirdars. Then the British resorted to
the methods of annexation and consolidation.
The bugle of the first war of independence in 1857 was sounded first by the
people of Haryana at Ambala on 10th May, 1857, about nine hours before the
outbreak at Meerut.
Rao Tula Ram in Ahirwal, Gaffur Ali and Harsukh Rai in Palwal, Dhanu Singh in
Faridabad, Nahar Singh in Ballabhgarh etc. were the important leaders of revolt
in Haryana.
Many battles were fought by the rulers of the states and by the farmers also,
sometimes defeating the British army. Some most important battles were fought
at Sirsa, Sonipat,
Rohtak and Hissar. In Sirsa the famous battle of Chormar was fought.

Factors Responsible for Revolt of 1857 in Haryana

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The time honoured institutions like the village communities and panchayats were
abolished by the British. Their destruction brought social instability and people felt
insecure and unhappy.
Britishers broke the backbone of the farmers by imposing heavy revenues and cesses.
The poor farmers could not pay the revenue which their village headmen had agreed
to pay under compulsion, they had to visit jail four to five times in a matter of few
years.
The mode of collection of land tax was extortionate as the assessment was oppressive
which greatly demoralized the people and shattered the peasant's economy. This
oppressive policy compelled many of the peasants to desert their lands and houses.
They nursed a grudge against the new masters, the British.
The judicial set-up was also repressive, arbitrary and expensive. There was no proper
check on the judges as bribery and corruption among the judges were prevalent.
The attack and interference in the religion (dharam) also caused some resentment.
Christian missionaries campaigns of conversion to Christianity was perturbed
hundreds of Hindus and Muslims who condemned and criticised the attitude of the
Government.
The British lapsed many estates like Rania, Kaithal, Chhachhrauli, Ladwa and
Thanesar, under the Doctrine of Lapse. Which created insecurity and dissatisfaction
among the chiefs.

After 1857, the repressive policy of the British Government continued and no
significant development was made in the region. The political consciousness began
during the last phase of 19th century with the establishment of Indian National
Congress.
In the first session of All India Congress at Bombay in 1885, Haryana was represented
by young pleaders of Ambala, Lala Murlidhar and Munshi Jawala Prashad. The
Congress party activities were boosted in the region after joining of Lala Lajpat Rai,
who started his law practice in Hisar.
Like other provinces, the then Haryana witnessed a series of oppressive acts of Lord
Curzon. Bal Mukund Gupta, prominent Hindi writer of Haryana compared Curzon
shahi with Nadir Shahi.
After the partition of Bengal, Swadeshi Movement gained momentum. The people
were motivated to take up the cause of Swadeshi in big towns of Haryana. A Swadeshi
Company was established at Ambala City under the aegis of Lala Murlidhar in which
Beni Prasad and Lala Dwarka Das also took part.
Lord Minto became the new Viceroy of India after Curzon who increased the
economic hardships. Some legislation like the Punjab Limitation Act, 1904; the
Transfer of Property Act, 1904 and the Punjab pre-emption Act, 1905 were passed to
weaken the position of money-lenders. It generated political discontent, especially
among the Hindu commercial castes.

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Lala Lajpat Rai and Sardar Ajit Singh were arrested at Lahore and deported without
trial in the middle of 1907 because of their opposition to these acts. On account of the
arrest of Lala Lajpat Rai, a revolutionary movement began in Haryana.
During the first World War in 1914, India being a part of the British empire was also
dragged into the war activities. The people of Haryana helped the Government by
providing recruits and by contributing money and material.
At the international level in those days, Ghaddar movement gained momentum.
Kanshi Ram of Ambala district was one of the architects of the Ghadar party in San
Francisco with Lala Hardayal. As per historians view, Kanshi Ram was the first
Haryanvi martyr in this phase of freedom movement.
Pt. Neki Ram Sharma of Haryana, evinced keen interest in Home Rule Agitation. After
his arrest in July, 1918, during a public meeting at Birla Mandir Dharamshala in Delhi,
the Home Rule Agitation petered out in Haryana.
In 1917 the Congress Party Committee was established at Rohtak and Chaudhary
Chhotu Ram and Babu Shyam Lal were appointed as its president and secretary,
respectively. In 1918 Congress session of Delhi, Pt. Neki Ram Sharma and Chaudhary
Peeru Singh and Lala Daulat Ram participated in this session from Haryana.
On March 30, 1919, Mahatma Gandhi called for a hartal all over India. The whole of
the Haryana State responded to the call and hartals were observed in Karnal, Rewari,
Hodal, Rohtak, Sonipat etc.
The Punjab atrocities, discontentment over the Khilafat issue and the report of the
Disorders Inquiry Committee on 26th May, 1920 had completely shaken the faith of
the people. In Haryana, the impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement was very
intensive and it had succeeded in creating an atmosphere of hostility against the
Government. The movement was very intense in Ambala district of Haryana.
The Congress had not participated in the general elections of 1920. The dissidents,
Chhotu Ram and Lal Chand, however, contested the elections and won. This resulted
the emergence of Swarajists Party on sound footing. A branch of Swarajist Party was
formed at Rohtak under the leadership of Sri Ram Sharma, whose local paper, the
Haryana Tilak came to be regarded as the organ of the Congress in this region.
On 30th October, 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai was assaulted by the police when he was
leading a peaceful procession against all white men ‘’Simon Commission’’, which
resulted in his death. His death created a widespread resentment throughout the
country including Haryana region. Pt. Neki Ram Sharma held the commission
responsible for Lala Lajpat Rai's death.
During this time, branches of Naujawan Bharat Sabha were also set up in Haryana at
Ambala, Karnal, Rohtak and Hissar. Its activities in Haryana were limited and could not
become as significant as it was in Punjab. Its leaders in Haryana were more or less pro-
Congress.

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 In Haryana on 8th and 9th March, 1929, Punjab Provincial Political Conference was
held at Rohtak which was attended by Moti Lal Nehru and Jawaharlal Nehru.Dr.
Satyapal presided over the session. In the conference significant resolutions on Nehru
Report and remission of land revenue were passed.
At Lahore session of Indian National Congress in 1929, for the first time the resolution
of Complete Independence was passed. In Haryana there was bonfire of foreign cloth
took place at Sonipat, people went about in Prabhat pheris in the morning singing
national and patriotic songs and poems. The mutiny week was also celebrated in the
region.
During the beginning of 1940 when the Second World War was in full swing, a Ahir
company of Hyderabad Regiment raised a armed revolt under Zahir Khan. All these
army men belonged to Haryana and they were under the spell of Arya Samaj and
Congress party which was spearheading in the National Movement.
The British Government arrested Ch. Devi Lal, Ram Dayal, Hukum Chand, Madan
Gopal, Sahib Ram, Lekh Ram, Jan Muhammad and Pt. Pat Ram Verma for raising their
voice in favour of Quit India Movement and other freedom activities. Chaudhary Devi
Lal (former Deputy Prime Minister) and Shri Mool Chand Jain are known as legendary
freedom fighters from Haryana.
The people of Haryana played a notable role by joining themselves as members of
Indian National Army, raised by Hon'ble Subhash Chandra Bose. Its main object was to
wage war against the British. They believed in organized revolt. The INA was formed
with the battle cry "Dilli chalo".

Deen Bandhu Sir Chhotu Ram

Chaudhary Chhotu Ram was one of the most prominent politician in Punjab before
independence. He was an ideologue of the Jat peasantry and a champion of its
interests.
He was born on 24 November 1881 in Garhi Sampla in Rohtak district of Haryana and
associated with organizations that represented peasant interests like the Zamindar
League and the Unionist Party after resigning from the Congress in 1920.
He founded the Unionist Party with Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, which represented a
coalition between Hindu farmers in the eastern part of the province and feudal
Muslim landlords in the west.
He held the revenue portfolio in the then Unionist Party Government in Punjab and
worked a lot to improve the economic status of the peasants through numerous
legislative measures which are often termed as Golden Laws.
He was a visionary man and most probably the first leader who mooted the idea of
Green Revolution. The Bhakra-Nangal dam project was also signed by him in
November 1944 with the king of Bilaspur but the project got delayed and finally
completed in 1963.

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 He also led a massive recruitment drive for the army during World War I in modern
Haryana region and during World War II across pre-partition Punjab.
His support of the British war effort (during world war II) is often seen as a
controversial step as the Congress had given a call not to provide any help to the
British. He actively promoted recruitment of Jats in particular and other farming class
youth in general in the army as he felt that it was economically beneficial to these
communities.
The recurring theme of his campaigns was India's independence after the war. He
said: "My hope is that after this war Hindustan will be free. And it will be free in a real
sense".
He was in opposition to the concept of Pakistan and formed a separate group of
thirteen members in the Punjab Assembly when most Muslim Unionists joined the
Muslim League. His death brought about the demise of the Unionist Party.
On October 9, 2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled his 64-foot-tall statue at
Sampla.

Religion
Religious composition of Haryana: Hindus (87.46%), Muslims (7.03%), Sikhs (4.91%),
Jain (0.21%), Christian (0.20%) and Buddhist (0.03%).
In the state Sirsa district has the largest Sikh population, Mewat/Nuh district has
largest Muslim population and Ambala district has largest Christian population.

Language
Hindi was the official language of Haryana till 2010 and it is spoken by the majority of
the population (87.31%). Accepting a long-pending demand, the Haryana government
notified Punjabi in 2010 as the state's second language. The Haryana Official
Language Act, 1969 gave official status to English Language.
Haryana has 70% rural population who primarily speak Haryanvi dialect of Hindi, as
well as other related dialects, such as Bagri and Mewati.

Geography
Haryana is a landlocked state in the North Western region of India and consists 1.34%
of the total geographical area of country.
It is surrounded by Himachal Pradesh from North, Rajasthan from South, U.P and
Delhi from East and Punjab from North West.
Area wise the largest district of Haryana is Sirsa while Faridabad is the smallest
district.

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 Haryana has four main geographical features:
The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state.
Shivalik Hills to the northeast in foothills of Himalayas.
Semi-desert dry sandy plain to the south-west.
Aravali Hills in the south.

Important Rivers
and Dams of
Haryana

S.N Name Origin Tributaries Dam

1 Ghaggar Shivalik Hills Markanda, Ottu Barrage

Kaushalaya in Sirsa

2 Markanda Shivalik Hills Begna Barrage at

Jalbehra in
Kurukshetra

3 Tangri Shivalik Hills Many —

seasonal
streams

4 Choutang Shivalik Hills Seasonal —

streams

5 Dohan Aravali Hills Seasonal Hamidpur

Streams Check Dam

6 Krishnavati Aravali Hills Season Norana Check

Aravali Dam,
Streams Rajasthan

7 Yamuna Bandarpunch Somb, Hathnikund

Glacier, Thapana, Barrage
Uttarakhand Sahibi

8 Sahibi Aravali Hills Sota, Masani

Kotkasim,
Indori

Major canals

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 Western and Eastern Yamuna Canal is the oldest canal of the state which emerges
from the Tajewala barrage. These branches feed water, for irrigation purposes, to the
land areas of Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat, Jind and Rohtak districts.
Gurgaon Canal has been drawn at the Okhla barrage from the Yamuna.
Bhakra Canal has been drawn form Sutlej river near Nangal. The fields of Sirsa,
Rohtak and Hissar districts are supplied water through this canal.
Bhiwani Canal is a small canal, drawn out of Bhakra Canal it passed through district
of Bhiwani.
Jawahar Lal Canal has also been drawn from Bhakra Canal and passes through
Mahendragarh.

Sutlej – Yamuna Link (SYL) Canal Controversy

SYL is a 214 km long water canal proposed to connect the Sutlej River in Punjab to
Yamuna in Haryana at Palla village, near Delhi. Its 122 kilometre stretch falls under
Punjab and the remaining 92 kilometre is in Haryana.
A sum of Rs. 100 crore has been announced by Haryana government for completion
of SYL in budget 2018-19.
Besides transfer of water for irrigation needs, two hydel power projects are also
proposed on SYL, it can also be used for shipping purposes.
It comes under the Bhakra- Beas Management Board (BBMB) which was constituted
under a central legislation i.e. the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966.
Construction of SYL was started in 1984 and a major part of the canal was completed
in the Punjab territory in 1990s itself, only a small part is left to be completed.
Controversies about the SYL Canal can be traced back to the mid-1960s, started after
the reorganisation of Punjab. When the state was bifurcated, the sharing of the river
water also became a bone of contention.
According to 1976 deal, centre allocated 3.5 MAF of water to Haryana, 3.5 MAF to
Punjab, 8 MAF to Rajasthan and 0.2 MAF to Delhi. Due to the opposition of Punjab to
the deal, Haryana has approached the Supreme Court in 1979.
In 1980’s, Indira Gandhi intervened and as a result Punjab government withdrew its
suit from the Supreme Court. But Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) has continued to oppose
the canal. The foundation stone of the canal was laid on April 8, 1982, by the then
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi at Kapoori village, in Patiala.
At that time militancy in Punjab was at its peak and the labourers working there were
attacked, as a result the construction of SYL was halted.
Rajiv - Longowal Accord of 1985 i.e the Punjab Accord tried to solve the issue but with
little success. Justice V Balakrishna Eradi tribunal was also set up to specify the
quantum of Ravi-Baes waters to be shared among Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.

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 In 2002, the Supreme Court directed the Punjab government to continue digging for
the project. In 2004, Punjab state passed the ‘’Punjab Termination of Agreement Act’’,
to de-notify the land acquired for the project. It annuls the 1981 Indira Gandhi award
and subsequent agreements relating to the distribution of Ravi- Beas waters.
The validity of the law was questioned, as it was in direct confrontation to a Supreme
Court judgement.
More recently in 2016, the Supreme Court took up the matter for hearing. At the same
time Punjab legislature passed another bill i.e the Punjab Sutlej-Yamuna Link Canal
(Rehabilitation and Re-vesting of Proprietary Rights), to restore the land acquired for
the canal back to the farmers.
The Supreme Court has ordered status quo on the bill but Punjab government is
defending it by citing that under Article 143, the Supreme Court has only advisory
functions, and hence cannot pass an assumptive interim order.

Climate

Haryana is extremely hot in summer at around 45 °C (113 °F) and mild in winter. The
hottest months are May and June and the coldest are December and January.
The district of Karnal, Ambala and a portion of Kurukshetra district lying under the
climatic type Cwa, Sirsa and Hisar district has got climatic type Bwh. The rest of the
State belongs to the climatic type Bsh.
The year is divided into four seasons. The winter season from November to March is
followed by summer season from April to June. The period from July to middle of
September constitutes the south-west monsoon season and the period from the
latter half of September to October forms the post-monsoon period.
Winter prevails over the entire State during the period from November to March and
is generally very unpleasant due to biting cold. In this season a series of western
disturbances affect the climate of the State. In the summer months from April to June,
weather is very dry and uncomfortable.
The maximum rainfall is 216 cms and the minimum rainfall ranges from 25 to 38 cms.

Soil

Soil is formed almost entirely of alluvium, the state is situated towards the
depressions of the rivers Ganges and Indus.
It is a broad level plain standing nearly on the watershed between the basins of the
two rivers. It is a vast ground of moist land. In the whole of the region except the flood
plains of the Yamuna and the Ghaggar, the alluvium is of the old type containing sand,
clay, silt and hard calcareous concentrations about the size of nuts known as
'Kankars'.

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 In the Khaddar the deposits of the alluvium are of the recent type. They consist of
coarse sand and some silt, regularly deposited by the rivers and small mountain
streams of the Indo-Gangetic watershed.
In the south-western part, a great deal of wind-blown sand has been piled up in the
form of sand dunes. These dunes are sometimes many metres high. The alluvium is
covered by sand, making the region as arid and unproductive as a desert.

Important Lakes of Haryana

Badkhal Lake is situated near Faridabad in Haryana, about 32 kilometers from Delhi.
Fringed by the hills of the Aravalli Range it is a man-made embankment. Owing to
unchecked mining in neighbouring areas, the lake has now totally dried up. Close to
Badkhal Lake, is the Peacock Lake, which is another picturesque spot. It is an
important biodiversity area contiguous to Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary within the
Northern Aravalli leopard wildlife corridor.
Brahma Sarovar Lake is one of Asia's largest man-made pond. It is 3600 ft long, 1500
ft broad and 45 ft deep. Brahma stands for Lord Brahma, the creator of universe in
Hinduism, and Sarovar in Hindi means 'pond'. The pond is named such because
myths say that Lord Brahma created the universe from the land of Kurukshetra, after
performing a huge yagya. A giant black stone chariot of Lord Krishna and Arjuna is
located in its premises. The ghats of the sarovar are named after the most prominent
characters of the Mahabharata.
Karna Lake is a manmade lake in Karnal city of Haryana.
Sannihit Sarovar, believed to be the permanent abode of Lord Vishnu, is situated at a
distance of 3 kms from Kurukshetra on Pehowa Road. It is supposed that entire range
of Tirthas assembles here on the day of Amavasya and as per the legends, if a man
performs Shradhs at the time of solar eclipse and takes bath in this tank, he acquires
the fruit of 1000 Ashwamedh sacrifices. Sikh Gurus too have visited this holy place
from time to time.
Surajkund Lake also known as 'Lake of the Sun', is an artificial Kund built in the
backdrop of the Aravalli hills near Faridabad. It is said to have been built by the Suraj
Pal, King of Tomar dynasty in the 10th century.
Tilyar Lake, situated 42 Kms from Delhi, is located in Rohtak District of Haryana.
Blue Bird Lake is a resident and endangered migratory fowl wetland habitat, lake and
exercise area in the Hisar city of Haryana. It is close to Deer Park and Shatavar Vatika
Herbal Park of Hisar.

Flora and Fauna of State

Forests

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 Haryana is rich in various kinds of flora. In the state there is a general type of flora but
some pockets of the region give a special types of herbs and bushes. There are hardly
any hilly tracts in Haryana except a few in Panchkula district-its sub-montane area and
the range of Aravalli chain in Gurgaon, Rewari, Faridabad and Mahendragarh districts.
In Panchkula, the hilly areas are generally devoid of vegetation other than rough
scrub, and the low bleak hills are of little use except as grazing grounds. The tract
around Kalesar and Morni, however, is more valuable.
Formed almost entirely of alluvium, the state is situated towards the depressions of
the rivers, Ganges and Indus.It is vast ground of moist land. So, under the situations,
flora also differs.
Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over the state.
During the monsoon, a carpet of grass covers the hills. Mulberry, eucalyptus, pine,
kikar, shisham and babul are some of the trees found here.
Forest cover in the state is near 3.6% of the total geographical area of Haryana while
total forest and tree Cover is 6.79%. Forest Cover in the state in 2017 was 1588 km2
and the Tree Cover in the state was 1415 km2. In 2016-17, 18,412 hectares were
brought under tree cover by planting 14.1 million seedlings.
Panchkula district has maximum forest cover while Palwal district has minimum forest
cover.

Wildlife

In olden times, lions and tigers were not uncommon in the state. The Nardak area of
the then Karnal district was once a favourite spot of the Mughal emperors for hunting
lions and tigers.These species have completely disappeared now.
The species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck, nilgai, panther,
fox, mongoose, jackal and wild dog. Apart from this more than 450 species of birds are
also found.
Haryana has two national parks, eight wildlife sanctuaries, two wildlife conservation
areas, five animal and bird breeding centers, one deer park and three zoos, all of
which are managed by the Haryana Forest Department of the Government of
Haryana.

National parks of Haryana

The Forests Department of Haryana maintains 2 National parks:

Sultanpur National Park (142.52 hectares), 25 km from Gurugram, is a bird paradise

for bird watchers. It is famous for its migratory as well as resident birds. Migratory
species reach here after covering incredible distance, since their home land in Europe,
Siberia and Central Asia becomes uninhabitable due to cold temperature, snow
covered ground and frozen lakes. Migratory birds start arriving in the park in
September.
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 Kalesar National Park (4682.32 hectares), 15 km from Yamunanagar, has got lot of
significance in terms of biodiversity and ecological stability in this part of the country.
In terms of biodiversity, it is store house of numerous medicinal plants. It houses
many threatened animals like Leopard, Ghoral, Barking deer, Sambar, Chital, Python,
King Cobra, Monitor lizard etc. Occasionally, Tigers and Elephants visit this park from
Rajaji National Park situated in Uttarakhand.

Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana

The Forests Department, Haryana of the Government of Haryana maintains the following
Wildlife Sanctuaries:

1. Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Jhajjar

2. Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary, Jhajjar
3. Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary, Rewari
4. Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary, Kurukshetra
5. Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary, Yamunanagar
6. Abubshahar Wildlife Sanctuary, Sirsa
7. Khol Hi-Raitan Wildlife Sanctuary, Panchkula
8. Bir Shikargah Wildlife Sanctuary, Panchkula

Animal & Bird Breeding Centers of Haryana

The Forests Department of Haryana runs the following breeding centres in the state:

1. Chinkara Breeding Centre, Kairu, Bhiwani

2. Crocodile Breeding Centre, Bhor Saidan, Kurukshetra
3. Peacock & Chinkara Breeding Centre, Jhabua, Rewari
4. Pheasant Breeding Centre, Morni, Panchkula
5. Vulture Conservation and Breeding Centre, Pinjore

Conservation Reserves

1. Saraswati Conservation Reserve, Kaithal

2. Bir Bara Ban Conservation Reserve, Jind

*The Forests Department of the Government of Haryana runs Deer Park located next to
Hisar Airport.

Culture
Fairs

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 Surajkund International Crafts Mela
It is celebrated at, Surajkund, District Faridabad
The Mela is organized by the Surajkund Mela Authority & Haryana Tourism in
collaboration with Union Ministries of Tourism, Textiles, Culture and External
Affairs.
A large number of renowned national and international folk artistes and cultural
groups present day performances at both the Chaupals, the open-air theatres,
located in the Mela premises. In 2013, the fair was upgraded to an international
level and in 2015, a record number of 20 countries participated in the Mela.
For the 33rd Surajkund International Crafts Mela-2019, the state of Maharashtra
has been chosen to be the Theme State. Thailand is the Partner Nation Country
for the Year 2019.
Gopal-Mochan Fair
In Ambala, the most famous fair is held at Gopal-Mochan near Bilaspur in
Jagadhri tehsil. There is a sacred tank of the same name in the place.
Masani Fair
Haryana's most famous fair is held in honour of the goddess of smallpox,
Masani whose temple is in Gurgaon village.

Festivals

Gugga Naumi
This is a religious festival, celebrated all over Haryana. It is connected with
snake-worship and observed in August-September.
Gangore
It is a festival that dedicated to goddess of abundance i.e. Gauri. Celebrated
every year in Chet or March month, this festival is specially meant for young girls
who pray for good husbands. In this festival people take out processions carrying
the idol of Gangore.
Lohri
Lohri is celebrated in the state of Haryana just before the day of Makar
Sankranti. For the community of Punjabis the festival of Lohri is a very special
festival.
Baisakhi
The festival of Baisakhi is a very important one for the Punjabis in the state of
Haryana and is celebrated with joyous music and dancing.
It falls every year on 13th April and once in 36 years it falls on 14th April. It was
on this particular day that the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh,
founded the Khalsa in the year 1699.

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 Teej
This festival is celebrated on Sawan Sudi. It is celebrated to welcome the season
of monsoon. After the first showers of rainy season, a small insect called Teej in
the state of Haryana comes out from the earth’s soil.
Pinjore Heritage Festival
It takes place at Pinjore, a small town located at a distance of 20 kilometers from
Chandigarh. It is home of some of the best terraced gardens in the country.
These gardens were planned by Fidai Khan during the reign of Jahangir.

Arts and crafts of Haryana

Art and craft of Haryana mainly covers the range of pottery, embroidery and weaving.
Colourful Phulkari dupatta of Haryana is famous in India and abroad.
Art and craft of Haryana also include sculpture and murals both of Persian and
Mughal style. Woven furniture, artistic sheet metal work, wooden bead making, zari &
tilla jutti (leather footwear), lace work, bone carving, wood carving are some of the
artistic craft that Haryana is known for.
Panipat in Haryana is famous for its handloom tradition, especially rugs and
upholstery fabric that is the reason why it is known as a major textile town in India.
Haryana is famous for two types of woven furniture Mudhas (round stools) and chairs
made of sarkanda (a reed) from Farukh Nagar and Pidhis from Sonipat which are
essentially wooden stools with seat woven in cotton threads or sutli.
One of the interesting items made at Jhajjar is pitcher made from clay. Interestingly,
the clay gives a sweet taste to the water stored in the pitcher.

Dance Forms

Dhamal is a dance form, whose origin goes back to the days of the Mahabharata. The
Dhamal dance is especially popular in the areas around Gurgaon, inhabited by Ahirs.
In the beginning of the dance, the player gives the first long note, then Dhol, Tasha,
Nagara, pick up the beat and the dance begins. Some of the dancers carry large Daphs
in their hands. These are edged with frills of brightly coloured fabric, others carry
sticks ('Shuntis') of medium length, wrapped in tinsel and tasseled at both ends.
Daph is another form of seasonal dance of farmers depicting the joyful emotions on a
good harvest and advent of Spring. It is a sort of community dance. The "Daph", the
one sided drum and the sound of the ornaments worn by the women offer the music.
Phag dance done basically in the lunar month of Phalgun seeks to celebrate the
colourful festival of Holi. The dancers come together to the sound of 'Tasha', 'Nagara'
and 'Dhol'. The men come running & singing the traditional songs of 'Phalgun',
followed by women carrying 'Koraras', the knotted lengths of cloths. They run about
the men hitting with the 'Koraras' while men defend themselves as best as they can
with 'Shuntis'.

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 Ghoomar is marked by circular movements of the dancers, Ghoomar is generally
performed by the girls of the areas bordering Rajasthan. The dancers form a circle,
and move about clapping and singing, while tempo of the dance is accelerated. The
accompanying songs are full of satire and humour and refer to contemporary events,
while the dancers twirl around in pairs.
Jhumar dance is named after an ornament called as "Jhumar" commonly worn on
forehead by young married women is exclusively danced by women. It is otherwise
known as 'Hariyanvi Gidda'. Dressed in colourful costumes, the ladies dance in gay
abandon singing and clapping with the beats of 'dholak' and 'thali' while gracefully
moving in a circle.
Loor is performed by girls during the month of 'Phalguna' (pring), and is so named
because the word 'Loor' means girl in the Bangar area of Haryana. Performed during
the Holi festival, this dance marks the spring season and the sowing of the Rabi crops.
The song is generally in the form of questions and answers.
Gugga dance is performed by Gugga (a saint) devotees, they dance and sing around
his grave to show their devotion. The Gugga is exclusively a male dance, performed in
procession taken out in memory of saint Gugga.

Music

Haryana is a state of rich musical tradition and even some places have even been
named after ragas, for example Charkhi Dadri district has many villages named as
Todi, Asaveri, Jaisri, Malakoshna, Hindola, Bhairavi etc.
Mainly two main forms of music exist here i.e. Classical Folk Music and Desi Folk
Music. They take the form of a verse and pangs of parting of lovers, valor and bravery,
harvest and happiness. The folk music of Haryana has been spread by the Bhats,
Saangis and Jogis.
The desi Haryanvi music is used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal
songs, ballads, ceremonial songs and related religious legendary tales such as Puran
Bhagat. Ahirs also use melodic Raag Pilu on a scale using seven semitones.
Kissa folklores of bravery and love such as Nihal De Sultan, Leelo- Chaman, Bhagat
Singh, Udham Singh, Jai Singh etc. are some of the most popular folklores. Ragini are
folk theatrical performance of Haryana. This form of theater were popularised by
Lakhmi Chand and Mehar Singh.

Musical Accompaniments

Many traditional instruments like Sarangi, Harmonium, Chimta, Dhadd, Dholak, Manjeera,
Khartal, Damaru, Duggi, Daf, Bansuri, Been, Ghungroo, Dhak, Gharha(by adding rubber
cover on top of the pitcher), Thali (beaten with a stick to make music) and Shankha are used
to make music here.

Haryanvi Films
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 Haryana has a flourishing film Industry . When Chandrawal was released in March
1984, it created a stir in the film industry.
Apart from this Laddo, Chandro, Lal Rang are other famous films of Haryana.

Food

There is the saying famous in Haryana, Desaan main des Haryana, jit dudh dahi ka
khaana, which means "Among places is Haryana, where the staple food is milk and
yoghurt "
The home made butter is popularly known as nooni or tindi in the state. Bajra Ki
Khichdi is a famous delicacy, which is prepared with millet porridge and eaten with
Kadi or Ghee.
The desserts contain Gajar ka Halwa, Kheer and Rabri made from wheat flour and
buttermilk.

Economy
Budget 2018-19

According to advance estimates, GSDP of Haryana for 2018-19 at current prices has
been estimated at Rs.7.07 lakh crore, contributing 3.75 per cent to the all- India GDP
of Rs. 188.41 lakh crore.
The state budget has been pegged at Rs 1,32,165.99 crore, an increase of 14.73 per
cent over outlay budget estimate.

Fiscal deficit of State for 2018-19 recorded as 2.90% while Revenue deficit is 1.20%.
Haryana GSDP growth rate is stood at 8.2% while National GDP growth rate is 7.2%
for 2018-19.
No fresh taxes have been proposed and the existing rates of taxes have been left
untouched.
Rs 46,562 crore have been allocated to the schemes pertaining to 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) being implemented in the state.
Notification of Bio-Energy Policy-2018 to promote biomass energy projects in the
state, targeting production of 150 MW by 2022. The government also plans to bring
about a scheme to provide solar water pumping systems to farmers to meet their
irrigation needs. Under this scheme, farmers would be provided 2 HP and 5HP solar
water pumping systems with 75 per cent State Subsidy and 25 per cent user share.
The government has announced a price of Rs 340 per quintal for sugarcane this
year, which is once again the highest in the country. For the first time, a subsidy of Rs
16 per quintal was given to facilitate the payment of sugarcane arrears to the farmers
during 2017-18.
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The state government has initiated Bhavantar Bharpayee Yojana for four
horticulture crops- Potato, tomato, onion and Cauliflower, in order to ensure that
every farmer recovers at least the cost of cultivation, in the eventuality of drop in
market prices.
To maximise the quantity of crops, the state government has registered farmers
under the e-kharid Portal through which they will get to know the Minimum Support
Price of their produce. A record procurement of 2.7 lakh tonnes was made in case of
mustard and 1.80 lakh million tonnes of bajra this year.
Work has been initiated for setting up new thematic market by the Haryana State
Agricultural Marketing Board, e.g. “State of the Art” integrated Apple Market at
Pinjore, wholesale market for spices at Sirsa and Kundli, and wholesale market for
flowers at Gurgaon.
The state government has announced a compensation of Rs 12,000 per acre for the
crop damage caused by natural calamity.
Under the ‘Horticulture Vision’, the state government aims to double the area under
horticulture from the present 8.17 per cent to 15 per cent and triple the produce in
the state by 2030. In this direction, the Horticulture Department has formed 96
Farmer Producer Organisations covering 34,219 farmers, who will be provided with
the requisite infrastructure of pack houses and given training in agriculture business
operations.
In order to provide socio-economic security to the livestock owners of the state, the
Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Livestock Insurance scheme has been launched in
2018-19.
With a view to tackle the menace of stray bulls in the state, the state government
finalized the procurement of 2 lakh sexed semen for artificial insemination of
crossbred and indigenous cattle.
20th Livestock Census has been started for the first time in digital form, from the last
week of January 2019. A Departmental app is also being started along with the
Government of India app, to record the detailed information on each animal with its
photo through “Har Pashu Ka Gyan” mobile application using electronic tablets.
Under the “Pashu Sanjivni Sewa”, on call mobile veterinary services at the doorstep
of farmers, would be provided initially in three districts, (Jind, Yamunanagar, Mewat) as
a pilot project and the same would eventually be extended in the entire State.
Haryana Fishery Resource Development Authority has been established for the
development of waterlogged areas in Charkhi Dadri, Jind and Jhajjar districts. This will
enhance the income of fish farmers by utilizing the 16,000 identified waterlogged
areas.
Under the ‘Assistance to Milk Cooperatives’ scheme, the state government has
provided assistance to purchase 700 Automatic Milk Collection Units/Data Processor
Milk Collection Units, to village level milk cooperative societies with the objective to
increase transparency and efficiency of milk collection as well as expanding it.

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 Aviation hub and aerospace/defence manufacturing park has been proposed at
Hisar.
There is also proposal to set up a science city and site of Aravali biodiversity park,
Nathupur village in Gurugram is being finalised for it. A sub-regional science centre
will also be set up at Ambala.
Rs 100 crore have also been allocated for completion of the construction of SYL canal.

Agriculture

About 70% of Haryana residents are engaged in agriculture. Wheat and rice are the
major crops. Haryana is self-sufficient in food production and the second largest
contributor to India's central pool of food grains.
Haryana contributed significantly to the Green Revolution in India in the 1970s that
made the country self-sufficient in food production.
The state has also significantly contributed to the field of agricultural education in the
country. Asia's one of the biggest agricultural University - Chaudhary Charan Singh
Haryana Agricultural University is located at Hisar , which has already made a
significant contribution in ushering 'Green Revolution'.

Dairy Farming

Dairy farming is also an essential part of the rural economy. Haryana has a livestock
population of 98.97 lakh. Milk and milk products form an essential part of the local
diet. Haryana, with 660 grams of availability of milk per capita per day, ranks at
number two in the country as against the national average of 232 grams.
There is a vast network of milk societies that support the dairy industry.
The National Dairy Research Institute at Karnal, and the Central Institute for
Research on Buffaloes at Hisar are instrumental in development of new breeds of
cattle and propagation of these breeds through embryo transfer technology.
The Murrah breed of water buffalo from Haryana is world-famous for its milk
production and termed as 'Black Gold'.

Industry

The Gurgaon city is emerging as one of the major hub for the Information Technology
and Automobile industry. India now has over 50% market share in the world’s IT
outsourcing industry, and most of that work happens from Gurgaon. The total global
and domestic outsourcing market opportunity for India is expected to grow three-fold
from $500bn in 2008 to $1.5tn by 2020, according to India Brand Equity, a foundation
set up by the government.

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 Two of the biggest automobile and two wheeler manufacturer Maruti udyog and Hero
are in Gurgaon. Haryana is a preferred destination for auto majors and auto-
component manufacturers. The state is host to many large automotive players. The
state produces two-thirds of passenger cars, 50 percent of tractors, 60 percent of
motorcycles and 50 per cent of the refrigerators manufactured in the country.
Automobiles and auto component exports from Haryana were around US$ 1.39 billion
in FY18.
The Panipat Refinery (IOCL) situated at Panipat is the second largest refinery in
south Asia.
There are numerous manufacturing companies in the region. These include Hindustan
National Glass, Maruti Udyog Limited, Escorts Group, Hero Moto Corp, Alcatel, Sony,
Whirlpool India, Bharti Telecom, Liberty Shoes etc. In addition there are more than
80,000 small-scale industrial units in the state which cumulatively bring in a
substantial income for the state and its people.
Yamunanagar district has a paper mill BILT.
Faridabad is another big industrial part of Haryana. It is home to hundreds of large
scale companies like Orient fans (C.K.Birla Group), JCB India Limited, Nirigemes, Agri
Machinery Group (Escorts Group), Yamaha Motor India Pvt. Ltd.

Sports in Haryana

Haryana is the leading state in sports as well. It's players like Sushil Kumar has won
the two successive Olympic medals in 2008 ( Bronze Medal) and 2012 (Silver Medal).
Haryana women player Sakshi Malik has won Bronze Medal in 2016 Olympic in
freestyle wrestling and she has become the first woman in India who has won
Olympic medal in wrestling.
Haryana Sports Policy and Rewards played a major role in the upliftment of sports in
the state.
According to new sports policy, substantially increased award money is being given to
national and international Players.

Tourism

Haryana has set up a number of tourist complexes, motels and camping sites to
promote tourism. Haryana has one of the most successful tourist development
programs led by Haryana Tourism department. The tourist complexes are named
after Birds found in Haryana. Some of these places have dormitories and all of them
have restaurants. Hotel Rajhans (Surajkund) is on the Delhi Agra highway, Karna Lake
(Karnal), Skylark, Parakeet and Kingfisher (Ambala) are on Delhi-Chandigarh highway.
Yadavindra Gardens at Pinjore, on the Chandigarh Shimla road are a must see.

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 Kurukshetra is a great pilgrimage for Hindus and tourists from all over visit the venue
of Mahabharat war and the birthplace of the Bhagavad Gita. Building on its, historical
and cultural traditions, it has developed in to a modern city having the Brahma
Sarovar, Sri Krishna Museum and the Science Museum (Panorama).
The Delhi-Alwar highway boasts of a unique hilly attraction Sohna, in Gurgaon district.
Standing on the Aravali Hills, Sohna looks out at a wide panoramic view of the plains
below it.
Panchkula district has the Morni Hills - the only hill station of Haryana, is a
charming and peaceful place to rest and savor the nature.

Research Institution of Repute

Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar

National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon
Directorate Of Wheat Research, Karnal
National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal

Haryana Government Schemes

Apni Beti Apna Dhan

Ladli Scheme
State Level Awards for Improvement in Sex Ratio to the districts, Haryana
Ch. Devi Lal. Rashtriya Uttan Aivam Parivar Kalyan Yojna “Devi Rupak”
Mukhya Mantri Vivah Shagun Yojna
Housing scheme for Scheduled Castes and Denotified Tribes
Dr. Ambedkar Medhavi Chhattar Sansodhit Yojna
Financial Assistance for Higher Competitive entrance examinations to SC/BC
candidates through private institutions.
Creation of Employment Generation Opportunities by setting up Employment
Oriented Institutes/Training Programmes.
Scheme of Hostels For Other Backward Classes (OBCs) Boys And Girls

Issues and Challenges

Haryana has the worst child sex ratio( 834) and sex ratio( 879) according to census
2011.
Crime rate against women is very high in the state. The National Crime Records
Bureau (NCRB) data for 2016 has indicated that Haryana has acquired the top spot
among all states in terms of gang rapes.
Due to high rate of foeticide and resultant lack of females in Haryana there is
widespread practice of trafficking women from the poorer region of India.

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 Though Haryana is leading agricultural state in India , there are emerging challenges ,
like water table has gone down drastically, due to excessive and irrational fertilizer
use and agriculture has almost become non-profitable due to high input cost.
The groundwater level in Haryana, a major paddy producer in the country, has
dropped by more than 50% in the past four decades. According to official information,
in 1974 the groundwater was available at 9.19 metre (m) and in 2016, it has gone
down to 18.66m, recording a decline up to 9.47m. In fact, this is the state’s average, as
in many districts the groundwater level has gone down up to 46m.

Haryana : Unknown Facts

First mobile court of Haryana (2007): Mewat/Nuh
India’s first high-tech Anganwadi: Hasanpur (Sonipat)
Haryana Backward Classes Commission: Established on 7 September 1990
First Chairman of Haryana Backward Classes Commission: Justice Gurnam Singh
Haryana Institute of Rural Development: Nilokheri (Karnal)
Potato Technology Training Centre: Nilokheri (Karnal)
Gandhi of Haryana: Mulchand Jain (Gohana, Sonipat)
First Gram Secretariat of Haryana: Haibatpur (Jind)
Kalanidhi Magazine (1965): Kurukshetra University
Sandalwood of Haryana: Khejri (Jati)
Gaya city of Haryana: Pehowa (Kurukshetra)
Harsh Ka Tila: Thanesar (Kurukshetra)
Anjana Mata Ka Tila: Kaithal
First Agro Mall of Haryana: Rohtak
Shree Baba Tara Ji: Sirsa
Dadi Sati Mandir: Kumhariya (Sirsa)
Dera Jagmalwali (Sirsa): Sant GurBaksh Singh
Namdhari Dera: Jiwan Nagar, Sirsa
Sardar Singh: Hockey player (Rania, Sirsa)
Rania ka Kila: Bhairon Singh
War Heroes Memorial Stadium: Ambala
Abu Ali Qalandar Tomb: Panipat
Longest flyover of Haryana: Panipat
Idea of ‘Selfie with Daughter’: Sunil Jangal (Bibipur, Jind)
Lake mentioned in “Baburnama”: Kotla lake (Nuh)
Chitta Temple: Yamunanagar
Hemu: Kutubpur (Rewari)
London of Ahirwal: Rewari
Rani ki Dyodhi: Rewari
Carnor Darwaza: Rewari
Rampura Mahal: Rewari
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History of Rewari: "Abhir Kuldeepika’"
Largest Cloth Market of Northern India: Shori Market (Rohtak)
Tmb of Pranpir Badshah: Hisar
St. Thomas Church: Hisar
St. James Church: Karnal
Mausam Khatri (Wrestler): Panchi Village (Sonipat)
Fauji Mehar Singh: Barona village (Sonipat)
First Cotton Mill of Haryana: Fatehabad (1963)
Castle of Ibrahim Ali Khan: Designed by Henz
Babatpur village (Gurugram): Selected under Digital India Programme
Baba Gaibi Sahib Temple: Narwana (Jind)
Mini Haridwar of Haryana: Pandu-Pindara (Jind)
Baba Jeet Giri Temple: Kakrod (Jind)
Uchana: Established by Dahad Singh Sheokand
Niracha Dham: Beri (Jhajjar)
Archaeological Museum: Jhajjar
Nabh Chhor: Evening newspaper published from Hisar
Postal service in Ambala: Launched by Lord Canning in 1860
Mata Parkash Kaur Welfare Centre for Persons with Speech & Hearing
Impairment: Karnal
St. James Church Tower (1806): Karnal
Nirmal Kutiya: Karnal
Gandhi Memorial Hall: Karnal
First One Stop Centre for distress women: Karnal
First Post Office Passport Centre of Haryana: Karnal
Google boy: Kautilya Pandit
Maharishi Balmiki Sanskrit University: Mundri (Kaithal)
Peer Naubahar: Guhla (Kaithal)
Bhai Uday Singh: Last Emperor of Kaithal
Kos Minars: Sher Shah Suri
Devi Temple of Panipat: Built by Marathas
Gandhi Museum: Palwal
Tomb of Roshan Chirag: Palwal
Shaheed Minar: Hathin (Palwal)
Odh Tribe: Hodal
Sunil Lanba: Amarpur village (Palwal)

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