UNIT 3
What’s so funny?
1. EXTREME ADJECTIVES
angry furious hot boiling
attractive gorgeous hungry starving
bad terrible important essential
beautiful gorgeous interesting fascinating
big enormous long endless
clean spotless old ancient
clever brilliant scary terrifying
cold freezing small tiny
crowded packed surprised astounded/ astonished
dirty filthy tired exhausted
expensive exorbitant ugly hideous
funny hilarious wet foul
good fantastic
Adverbs with extreme adjectives
CAN USE: CANNOT USE: CAN USE WITH BOTH REGULAR AND EXTREME ADJECTIVES:
absolutely a little very pretty
completely a bit extremely really
utterly slightly immensely
fairly intensely
rather hugely
2. PAST TENSES
The past simple NB We often use the present perfect simple for
events within a period of time that continues up
We use the past simple to the present moment. Words which often go
1 to talk about actions or events that with the present perfect simple include: ever,
happened at a particular time in the past: never, just, already, yet, and so far.
'I left work at 10.30. Jackson replied. 'I took 2 to talk about an event that began in the
a taxi home. past and continues up to the present,
2 to describe a series of actions or events in particularly with non-continuous verbs:
the past: I've had this skateboard since I was six
Jackson put on his coat, switched off the years old.
light, opened the door and walked out onto NB With verbs which can be used in continuous
the street. tenses, we normally use the present perfect
continuous, not simple, to say how long an
The past continuous action has been in progress: 'I've been waiting
We use the past continuous for hours!'
1 to describe a scene in the past: 3 to talk about recent past events that have a
It was 2 a.m. but the city wasn't sleeping. result in the present:
Music was coming from countless upstairs 'You've broken my laptop. Now I can't check
windows. my emails.'
2 to talk about actions or events that were in 4 to talk about experiences at an unstated
progress around a particular time in the time in the past:
past: Have you ever been to Rome? I've never
'What were you doing at 11 o'clock tried rock climbing.
yesterday evening?' asked the policeman.
The present perfect continuous
3 We often use the past simple and the past
We use the present perfect continuous
continuous together to describe how one
event interrupted another, longer event: 1 to talk about recent actions or events that
While Jackson was looking for the right are not necessarily complete:
address, a police car came around the You've been spending too much money
corner. recently. (And you might continue to spend
too much.)
The present perfect simple
NB When the action is complete, we use the
We use the present perfect simple present perfect simple. Compare: I've been
1 to talk about recent events, particularly writing a novel. I'm on chapter 4. /I've written a
when giving news: novel. It was published last year.
Have you heard? Tom and Nancy have just 2 to say how long an action or event has been
got married! in progress:
I've been learning the guitar for six years. 2 to describe a situation in the past that is
different now:
3 to explain a current situation in terms of
There didn't use to be any shops in this part
recent events:
of town. (But there are now.)
My trousers are muddy because I've been
planting trees in the garden. would
We sometimes use would to describe habits in
The past perfect simple
the past, especially in literary texts.
We use the past perfect simple to talk about an
Every evening, the princess would gaze
event that happened before another event in
out of the window longingly.
the past:
I wanted some pasta, but my brother NB We can't use would to talk about situations
had eaten it all. in the past:
When I was younger, I would be afraid of the
The past perfect continuous dark. (... I used to be afraid ...)
The two most common uses of the past perfect
continuous are
1 for saying how long an action had been in
progress up to a certain point in the past:
By the age of 18, my grandfather had been
working in a factory for six years.
2 to explain a past situation in terms of
previous events:
Terry was upset because his sister had been
making fun of him.
used to
We use used to
1 to describe habits in the past:
I used to go skating every weekend.
3. PHRASAL VERBS WITH PUT
Put up - Give an opinion
- Accommodate (for a night)
Put out
- Provide (payment)
- Stop
- Increase (prize)
- Stop from burning
Put down
Put on
- Humiliate
- pretend
- Suppress (revolt)
Put through
Put up to
- make smb make something difficult
- Persuade (force to do)
Put forward
Put down to
- present
- Explain
Put away/back
Put up with
- return
- Tolerate
Put off
Put in
- feel dislike
- Invest
- postpone
Put across
4. Collocation
PERFECTLY honest/save STUNNIGLY beautiful/attractive
DESPERATELY close/unlucky SERIOSLY injured/ill
WIDLY inaccurate/exaggerated BITTERLY disappointed/cold
5. Phrasal verbs with pull
Pull apart - (of a vehicle) move to the side or off the
- Separate (people or animals) in order to road
stop fight
Pull through
Pull off - Get through an illness or other
- Succeed dangerous or difficult situation
Pull over Pull yourself together
- Recover control of one’s emotions
