STUDIA PATRISTICA

VOL. LXX

Papers presented at the Sixteenth International Conference

on Patristic Studies held
in Oxford 2011

Edited by
MARKUS VINZENT

Volume 18:
St Augustine and his Opponents

PEETERS
LEUVEN – PARIS – WALPOLE, MA
2013
 Table of Contents

Kazuhiko DEMURA, Okayama, Japan

The Concept of Heart in Augustine of Hippo: Its Emergence and
Development ........................................................................................ 3

Therese FUHRER, Berlin, Germany

The ‘Milan narrative’ in Augustine’s Confessions: Intellectual and
Material Spaces in Late Antique Milan ............................................. 17

Kenneth M. WILSON, Oxford, UK

Sin as Contagious in the Writings of Cyprian and Augustine ........... 37

Marius A. VAN WILLIGEN, Tilburg, The Netherlands

Ambrose’s De paradiso: An Inspiring Source for Augustine of Hippo 47

Ariane MAGNY, Kamloops, Canada

How Important were Porphyry’s Anti-Christian Ideas to Augustine? 55

Jonathan D. TEUBNER, Cambridge, UK

Augustine’s De magistro: Scriptural Arguments and the Genre of
Philosophy ........................................................................................... 63

Marie-Anne VANNIER, Université de Lorraine-MSH Lorraine, France

La mystagogie chez S. Augustin ......................................................... 73

Joseph T. LIENHARD, S.J., Bronx, New York, USA

Locutio and sensus in Augustine’s Writings on the Heptateuch ........ 79

Laela ZWOLLO, Centre for Patristic Research, University of Tilburg, The

Netherlands
St Augustine on the Soul’s Divine Experience: Visio intellectualis
and Imago dei from Book XII of De genesi ad litteram libri XII ..... 85

Enrique A. EGUIARTE, Madrid, Spain

The Exegetical Function of Old Testament Names in Augustine’s
Commentary on the Psalms ................................................................ 93

Mickaël RIBREAU, Paris, France

À la frontière de plusieurs controverses doctrinales: L’Enarratio au
Psaume 118 d’Augustin ....................................................................... 99
VI Table of Contents

Wendy ELGERSMA HELLEMAN, Plateau State, Nigeria

Augustine and Philo of Alexandria’s ‘Sarah’ as a Wisdom Figure (De
Civitate Dei XV 2f.; XVI 25-32) ........................................................ 105

Paul VAN GEEST, Tilburg and Amsterdam, The Netherlands

St Augustine on God’s Incomprehensibility, Incarnation and the
Authority of St John ............................................................................ 117

Piotr M. PACIOREK, Miami, USA

The Metaphor of ‘the Letter from God’ as Applied to Holy Scripture
by Saint Augustine .............................................................................. 133

John Peter KENNEY, Colchester, Vermont, USA

Apophasis and Interiority in Augustine’s Early Writings .................. 147

Karl F. MORRISON, Princeton, NJ, USA

Augustine’s Project of Self-Knowing and the Paradoxes of Art: An
Experiment in Biblical Hermeneutics ................................................. 159

Tarmo TOOM, Washington, D.C., USA

Was Augustine an Intentionalist? Authorial Intention in Augustine’s
Hermeneutics ....................................................................................... 185

Francine CARDMAN, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA

Discerning the Heart: Intention as Ethical Norm in Augustine’s
Homilies on 1 John ............................................................................. 195

Samuel KIMBRIEL, Cambridge, UK

Illumination and the Practice of Inquiry in Augustine ...................... 203

Susan Blackburn GRIFFITH, Oxford, UK

Unwrapping the Word: Metaphor in the Augustinian Imagination ... 213

Paula J. ROSE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

‘Videbit me nocte proxima, sed in somnis’: Augustine’s Rhetorical
Use of Dream Narratives..................................................................... 221

Jared ORTIZ, Washington, D.C., USA

The Deep Grammar of Augustine’s Conversion ................................ 233

Emmanuel BERMON, University of Bordeaux, France

Grammar and Metaphysics: About the Forms essendi, essendo,
essendum, and essens in Augustine’s Ars grammatica breuiata
(IV, 31 Weber) ..................................................................................... 241
 Table of Contents VII

Gerald P. BOERSMA, Durham, UK

Enjoying the Trinity in De uera religione .......................................... 251

Emily CAIN, New York, NY, USA

Knowledge Seeking Wisdom: A Pedagogical Pattern for Augustine’s
De trinitate .......................................................................................... 257

Michael L. CARREKER, Macon, Georgia, USA

The Integrity of Christ’s Scientia and Sapientia in the Argument of
the De trinitate of Augustine .............................................................. 265

Dongsun CHO, Fort Worth, Texas, USA

An Apology for Augustine’s Filioque as a Hermeneutical Referent
to the Immanent Trinity ...................................................................... 275

Ronnie J. ROMBS, Dallas, USA

The Grace of Creation and Perfection as Key to Augustine’s Confes-
sions ..................................................................................................... 285

Matthias SMALBRUGGE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Image as a Hermeneutic Model in Confessions X ............................. 295

Naoki KAMIMURA, Tokyo, Japan

The Consultation of Sacred Books and the Mediator: The Sortes in
Augustine ............................................................................................. 305

Eva-Maria KUHN, Munich, Germany

Listening to the Bishop: A Note on the Construction of Judicial
Authority in Confessions VI 3-5 ......................................................... 317

Jangho JO, Waco, USA

Augustine’s Three-Day Lecture in Carthage ...................................... 331

Alicia EELEN, Leuven, Belgium

1Tim. 1:15: Humanus sermo or Fidelis sermo? Augustine’s Sermo
174 and its Christology........................................................................ 339

Han-luen KANTZER KOMLINE, South Bend, IN, USA

‘Ut in illo uiueremus’: Augustine on the Two Wills of Christ .......... 347

George C. BERTHOLD, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA

Dyothelite Language in Augustine’s Christology ............................... 357
VIII Table of Contents

Chris THOMAS, Central University College, Accra, Ghana

Donatism and the Contextualisation of Christianity: A Cautionary
Tale ...................................................................................................... 365

Jane E. MERDINGER, Incline Village, Nevada, USA

Before Augustine’s Encounter with Emeritus: Early Mauretanian
Donatism.............................................................................................. 371

James K. LEE, Southern Methodist University, TX, USA

The Church as Mystery in the Theology of St Augustine ................. 381

Charles D. ROBERTSON, Houston, USA

Augustinian Ecclesiology and Predestination: An Intractable Problem? 401

Brian GRONEWOLLER, Atlanta, USA

Felicianus, Maximianism, and Augustine’s Anti-Donatist Polemic... 409

Marianne DJUTH, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, USA

Augustine on the Saints and the Community of the Living and the
Dead ..................................................................................................... 419

Bart VAN EGMOND, Kampen, The Netherlands

Perseverance until the End in Augustine’s Anti-Donatist Polemic .... 433

Carles BUENACASA PÉREZ, Barcelona, Spain

The Letters Ad Donatistas of Augustine and their Relevance in the
Anti-Donatist Controversy .................................................................. 439

Ron HAFLIDSON, Edinburgh, UK

Imitation and the Mediation of Christ in Augustine’s City of God ... 449

Julia HUDSON, Oxford, UK

Leaves, Mice and Barbarians: The Providential Meaning of Incidents
in the De ordine and De ciuitate Dei ................................................. 457

Shari BOODTS, Leuven, Belgium

A Critical Assessment of Wolfenbüttel Herz.-Aug.-Bibl. Cod. Guelf.
237 (Helmst. 204) and its Value for the Edition of St Augustine’s
Sermones ad populum ......................................................................... 465

Lenka KARFÍKOVÁ, Prague, Czech Repubic

Augustine to Nebridius on the Ideas of Individuals (ep. 14,4) ........... 477
 Table of Contents IX

Pierre DESCOTES, Paris, France

Deux lettres sur l’origine de l’âme: Les Epistulae 166 et 190 de saint
Augustin............................................................................................... 487

Nicholas J. BAKER-BRIAN, Cardiff, Wales, UK

Women in Augustine’s Anti-Manichaean Writings: Rumour, Rheto-
ric, and Ritual ...................................................................................... 499

Michael W. TKACZ, Spokane, Washington, USA

Occasionalism and Augustine’s Builder Analogy for Creation.......... 521

Kelly E. ARENSON, Pittsburgh, USA

Augustine’s Defense and Redemption of the Body ............................ 529

Catherine LEFORT, Paris, France

À propos d’une source inédite des Soliloques d’Augustin: La notion
cicéronienne de «vraisemblance» (uerisimile / similitudo ueri)........ 539

Kenneth B. STEINHAUSER, St Louis, Missouri, USA

Curiosity in Augustine’s Soliloquies: Agitur enim de sanitate oculo-
rum tuorum .......................................................................................... 547

Frederick H. RUSSELL, Newark, New Jersey USA

Augustine’s Contradictory Just War.................................................... 553

Kimberly F. BAKER, Latrobe, Pennsylvania, USA

Transfiguravit in se: The Sacramentality of Augustine’s Doctrine of
the Totus Christus................................................................................ 559

Mark G. VAILLANCOURT, New York, USA

The Eucharistic Realism of St Augustine: Did Paschasius Radbertus
Get Him Right? An Examination of Recent Scholarship on the Ser-
mons of St Augustine .......................................................................... 569

Martin BELLEROSE, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombie

Le sens pétrinien du mot paroikóv comme source de l’idée augus-
tinienne de peregrinus ......................................................................... 577

Gertrude GILLETTE, Ave Maria, USA

Anger and Community in the Rule of Augustine............................... 591

Robert HORKA, Faculty of Roman Catholic Theology, Comenius University

Bratislava, Slovakia
Curiositas ductrix: Die negative und positive Beziehung des hl.
Augustinus zur Neugierde ................................................................... 601
X Table of Contents

Paige E. HOCHSCHILD, Mount St Mary’s University, USA

Unity of Memory in De musica VI .................................................... 611

Ali BONNER, Cambridge, UK

The Manuscript Transmission of Pelagius’ Ad Demetriadem: The
Evidence of Some Manuscript Witnesses ........................................... 619

Peter J. VAN EGMOND, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Pelagius and the Origenist Controversy in Palestine.......................... 631

Rafa¥ TOCZKO, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

Rome as the Basis of Argument in the So-called Pelagian Contro-
versy (415-418) ..................................................................................... 649

Nozomu YAMADA, Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan

The Influence of Chromatius and Rufinus of Aquileia on Pelagius
– as seen in his Key Ascetic Concepts: exemplum Christi, sapientia
and imperturbabilitas .......................................................................... 661

Matthew J. PEREIRA, New York, USA

From Augustine to the Scythian Monks: Social Memory and the
Doctrine of Predestination .................................................................. 671
 Rome as the Basis of Argument in the So-called
Pelagian Controversy (415-418)

Rafa¥ TOCZKO, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

ABSTRACT
This paper considers the rhetoric of the so called Pelagian controversy. Its interest lies
in a specific category of arguments drawn from a place (argumenta a loco). A brief
outline of the theoretical concept of argumentum a loco and its popularity in the early
Christian literature is presented. The main outcome of this study is to give a detailed
analysis of the arguments used by Augustine and Zosimus.
During his controversy with Pelagius between 415 and 418, Augustine on many
occasions portrays this heretic as a long-term inhabitant of Rome. I suggest that one
should be skeptical about drawing exact chronology from his vague statements. The
bishop of Hippo builds also a detailed topography of the Pelagian controversy mainly
to persuade the Christian world of the immense danger of this new heresy. He alarms
Innocent, bishop of Rome, Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, and Paulinus, bishop of Nola,
that the followers of Pelagius have hideouts in their vicinities. Innocent, on his part,
refrains from supporting Augustine’s prejudices about Pelagius’s popularity in Rome
but excommunicates him as a heretic. Zosimus, Innocent’s follower as a bishop of
Rome, reverses this verdict. He argues that that all the Roman clergy and brethren found
in the alleged heretic a sound Christian. He makes reference to the exceptional authority
of the Roman See in the Christian world: Pelagius is not a heretic, precisely because
such is the verdict of the Roman Christians.
Augustine presents Pelagius as a mendacious and cunning heretic. This is yet another
context for the occurrence of an argumentum a loco. The bishop of Hippo tries to con-
vince his addressees that Pelagius is a bad heretic, and all the more so because he lied
to the bishops in Holy Land and in Rome. He succeeded in deceiving the former but
felt short of harming the latter. According to Augustine’s interpretation, it was because
the Roman Church had known this heretic and his error for a long time, and was not
prone to his lies. On that occasion, Augustine reverses Zosimus’ arguments based on the
authority of Rome and presents a flawed account of the Pope’s proceedings.

Pelagius, born in Britain, lived in Rome a decent life of an exegete and ascete.
In any case, so he was still perceived around 411 AD even by Augustine, his
later persecutor. However, after a short time Augustine alarmed Paul Orosius,
and Orosius alarmed Jerome that this agreeable figure is, in fact, a hypocrite and
a heretic. As a result, all three authors wrote their polemics against the heretic
Pelagius around 415. Orosius and Jerome chose to portray him as doctrinally

Studia Patristica LXX, 649-659.

© Peeters Publishers, 2013.
650 R. TOCZKO

dependent on previous heresies and philosophical ideas,1 whereas Augustine

insisted on the profound originality of his error.2 Jerome kept the heretic’s
name in silence; Orosius and Augustine pronounced it. Orosius wrote one apol-
ogy, Jerome one dialogue, one letter plus a few sentences in his commentaries
and then stopped. Augustine kept on preaching, writing letters and treatises
against Pelagius till he reached his goal. In the course of events, Pelagius was
judged a heretic by an African bishops’ councils, by emperor Honorius and,
ultimately, by Zosimus, bishop of Rome in 418. And Jerome summed it up as
a great success of Augustine.3
This short history has been put under scrutiny by more than a few skillful
scholars. However, the rhetorical dimension of the Pelagian controversy has
rarely been studied in detail.4 Clearly, and to a large extent justly, theological
and historical perspectives still prevail.5 In this article, I focus on just one
example of rhetorical device, used and developed by those involved in the
controversy about Pelagius’ teaching between 415 and 418 AD. It is the use of
the argumentum a loco, important for historians, as it sheds light on the ques-
tions of Pelagius’ stay in Rome and his popularity there. It may also enable
to draw further conclusions on Augustine’s reliability as a historical source.

Argumentum a loco in theory and practice

It emerges that there was an ingenious development of the argumentum a loco

in Christian literature. It is no surprise, since this new religion put stress on the
importance of holy places like the Holy Land, Rome, martyr shrines etc. This
kind of argument, already present in the classical times, was one of the impor-
tant parts of an argumentatio. It was often used to prove the probability of some

1
Hieronymus, ep. 133,1-2,9; comm. in Hier. 4,1,2; Oros., lib. apol. 1,5-6. See Benoit Jean-
jean, Saint Jérôme et l’hérésie, Collection des Études Augustiniennes 161 (Paris, 1999), 390-403;
Giovanni Caruso, ‘Girolamo antipelagiano’, Augustinianum 49 (2009), 65-74.
2
Aug., sermo 348A,5.
3
Hier., ep. 141,1 (= Aug., ep. 195,1).
4
Yves-Marie Duval, ‘Pélage est-il le censeur inconnu de l’Adversus Jovinianum à Rome en
393? ou: du portrait-robot de l’hérétique chez S. Jérôme’, RHE 75 (1980), 525-57; Nello Cipriani,
‘La morale pelagiana e la retorica’, Augustinianum 31 (1991), 309-27; Éric Rebillard, ‘A New
Style of Argument in Christian Polemic: Augustine and the Use of Patristic Citations’, JECS 8
(2000), 559-78; Gaetano Lettieri, L’altro Agostino: ermeneutica e retorica della grazia dalla crisi
alla metamorfosi del ‘De doctrina christiana’ (Brescia, 2001).
5
The most up-to-date summary of literature, see: Mathijs Lamberigts, ‘Pelagius and Pelagians’,
in Susan A. Harvey, David G. Hunter (eds), Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies (Oxford,
2008), 258-79. The following recent studies have been especially insightful: Sebastian Thier,
Kirche bei Pelagius, PTS 50 (Berlin, 1999); Jean-Marie Salamito, Les virtuoses et la multitude:
aspects sociaux de la controverse entre Augustin et les pélagiens (Grenoble, 2005); Walter Dunphy,
‘Rufinus the Syrian: Myth and Reality’, Augustiniana 59 (2009), 79-157.
 Rome as the Basis of Argument in the So-called Pelagian Controversy 651

deed and/or to refer to its quality as Quintilian informs us best.6 We must not
overlook the fact that this renowned teacher refers to genus iudiciale and delib-
erativum only. But clearly, there was also a prominent role for an argumentum
a loco in the pattern of an epideictic speech. We can sense its importance in
one of the preserved handbooks of this genre, namely the Peri epideiktikon of
Menander the Rhetor (3rd century AD). There one finds the standard outline of
a laudatory speech. After the prooimion, the first part of a narrative about the
praised or criticized character should be dedicated to the description of his
patris.7 Hagiographies, just as pagan biographies have exploited this argument,
as we can see already in the first models of the genre, but on most occasions
the description of the patris gives way to that of family, birth and other elements
of panegyric pattern.8
One is inclined to observe that Church Fathers used the argumentum a loco
most often in their treatises against heretics. These were filled with the arguments
based on the person (argumenta a persona), becoming at times invectives in
miniature.9 In the anti-Pelagian writings we find for instance Jerome’s observa-
tions that reveal his contempt towards Pelagius, a monk from Britain, puffy
from some Scottish porridge.10 However, Augustine, contrary to Jerome, seems
not to be interested in the argument from the homeland of a heretic; instead,
he introduces a different argumentum a loco.

6
Quintilianus, Institutio oratoria 5,10,37-41, ed. L. Radermacher et V. Buchheit (Lipsiae,
1971): ‘Ducuntur argumenta et ex loco. Spectatur enim ad fidem probationis, montanus an
planus, maritimus an mediterraneus, consitus an incultus, frequens an desertus, propincus an
remotus, opportunus consiliis an adversus: quam partem videmus vehementissime pro Milone
tractasse Ciceronem. Et haec quidem ac similia ad coniecturam frequentius pertinent, sed
interim ad ius quoque: privatus an publicus, sacer an profanus, noster an alienus, ut in persona
magistratus, pater, peregrinus. Hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: “privatam pecuniam sustulisti,
verum quia de templo, non furtum, sed sacrilegium est”. “Occidisti adulteros, quod lex permittit,
sed quia in lupanari, caedes est”. “Iniuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratui, maiestatis actio est”.
Vel contra: “licuit, quia pater eram, quia magistratus”. Sed circa facti controversiam argumenta
praestant, circa iuris lites materiam quaestionum. Ad qualitatem quoque frequenter pertinet
locus; neque enim ubique idem aut licet aut decorum est: quin etiam in qua quidque civitate
quaeratur interest, moribus enim et legibus distant. Ad commendationem quoque et invidiam
valet; nam et Aiax apud Ovidium “ante rates” inquit, “agimus causam, et me cum confertur Ulixes!”
et Miloni inter cetera obiectum est, quod Clodius in monumentis ab eo maiorum suorum esset
occisus.’
7
The pattern goes as follows: homeland, nation, family, birth, appearance, childhood, education,
traits of personality, deeds during war and peace, furtune, synkrisis, ending. Rhetores Graeci III,
ed. O. Spengler, 368-77.
8
E.g. Hier., Vita Pauli 4,3-5; Vita Hilarioni 2,1; Possidius, Vita Augustini 1,1.
9
Of course Jerome’s works are the best examples here, but not the only ones. See Benoit
Jeanjean, Saint Jérôme et l’hérésie, Collection des Études Augustiniennes 161 (Paris, 1999); Ilona
Opelt, Die Polemik in der christlichen lateinischen Literatur von Tertullian bis Augustin, Biblio-
thek der klassischen Altertumswissenschaften 44 (Heidelberg, 1973).
10
Hier., Comm. in Hier., Prol. 1.
652 R. TOCZKO

Augustine, Pelagius and Rome

The first context in which Augustine mentions Pelagius and Rome is the rhet-
oric of the heretic’s popularity. To be more specific, the anti-Pelagian writings
called into being something that we can call the rhetorical topography of a
heresy. Writing to Cyril of Alexandria, to Pope Innocent and to Paulinus of
Nola, Augustine used a standard rhetorical device to make his addressees
alarmed by the issues touched upon in his letters.11 According to the ancient
theory there were three goals that every author should accomplish, namely, to
make any listener docilem, benevolentem et attentum. To overemphasize any
danger of a cause (be it popularity of a heretic that one attacks) was one of the
most commonly used methods of gaining the attention of the public opinion.
Clearly, one should not exaggerate too much, or the addressees might have
thought that the followers of Pelagius are more numerous than Christians!
Augustine was aware of this danger.12
The scrutiny proves that Augustine associated arguments from such places
as Rome or the Holy Land with the problem of the heretic’s veracity. In the
writings against Pelagius, composed between 415 and 418, Augustine con-
stantly presented him as a deceiver and a trickster. It was only logical; African
bishops recognized a perfect heretic in him directly after a council of Palestinian
bishops gathered in Diospolis (December 415) had established his innocence.
For Augustine, no such discrepancy could exist in the bosom of the universal
Church; it was metaphysically impossible for him. Thus, the only possible way
to explain differing judgments on Pelagius was providing proofs that he had
been cunning and mendacious.13 That fourteen bishops gathered in Diospolis
needed a translator to communicate with Pelagius, and that the accusers, Hero
and Lazarus, were absent during the proceedings, was understandably provid-
ing a firm ground for such explanation. But clearly, in the first place one had
to call attention to the heretic’s deceitfulness.

11
Aug., ep. 177,3: ‘Non agitur de uno Pelagio, qui iam forte correctus est, quod utinam ita
sit; sed de tam multis, quibus loquaciter contendentibus, et infirmas atque ineruditas animas uelut
uinctas trahentibus, firmas autem et in fide stabiles ipsa contentione fatigantibus, usquequaque
iam plena sunt omnia’; ep. 177,15: ‘si ea esse sua negat aut scriptis suis ab inimicis suis dicit
inmissa, quae sua esse negat, anathemet ea tamen et damnet paterna exhortatione et auctoritate
sanctimoniae tuae, si uult, onerosum sibi et perniciosum discat ecclesiae scandalum auferre, quod
scandalum auditores et in peruersum dilectores eius usque quaque spargere non quiescunt’; ep.
186,8,29; 188,2-3, ep. 4*,4-5. I quote all the letters of Augustine from Augustinus, Epistulae, ed.
A. Goldbacher, CSEL 34/1-2, 44 (Vienna, 1895-98). To these letters Augustine attached his
De natura et gratia (To John of Jerusalem, to Paulinus) or De gestis Pelagii (to Cyril). He clearly
aimed at convincing his addressees that Pelagius had lied at Diospolis, see Winrich Löhr, ‘Pelagius’
Schrift De natura: Rekonstruktion und Analyse’, RecAug 31 (1999), 235-94, esp. 238-9. For the
correspondence with Cyril of Alexandria, see Geoffrey D. Dunn, ‘Augustine, Cyril of Alexandria,
and the Pelagian Controversy’, Augustinian Studies 37 (2006), 63-88.
12
Aug., ep. 177,2.
13
Aug., ep. 19*,2; gest. Pel. 6,16-10,22.
 Rome as the Basis of Argument in the So-called Pelagian Controversy 653

This charge of mendacity was repeated in various modes. For instance, writ-
ing to Juliana, mother of Demetrias and later to Pinianus and Melania, the
monk’s patrons,14 Augustine observed that Pelagius is such a great deceiver,
that he almost succeeded in persuading bishops himself of his innocence.15
Sometimes, the underlying goal of such an argument seemed to be to ridicule
the ascetic teacher. On this occasion, Augustine demonstrated to his audience
a liar so big, that he got lost in the web of his own mendacity to such an extent
that even his disciples were not certain, which of his sentences was true.16 But
on most occasions, Pelagius was portrayed as fraudulent during the proceedings
of ecclesiastical judges. This charge of craftiness and mendacity, as will be
proved, prepares one of the contexts for the argumentum a loco.
The first mention of Rome is the famous letter of Augustine, Aurelius, Alypius,
Evodius and Possidius to pope Innocent (fall, 416):
Audiuimus enim esse in urbe Roma, ubi ille diu uixit, nonnullos qui diuersis causis ei
faueant, quidam scilicet, quia talia persuasisse perhibetur, plures uero, qui eum talia
sentire non credunt.17

In the same year, Augustine wrote to Cyril of Alexandria where he claimed that
Egypt is one of the hideouts of people sympathizing with the heretics. In 417,
together with Alypius he sent a long letter to Paulinus of Nola, because they
had heard rumors about Pelagians in Nola. Unfortunately, we do not posses
answers from Paulinus or Cyril, but this is how Pope Innocent commented on
this suggestion:
Nam si Pelagius, quocumque restitit loco, eorum animos, qui facile uel simpliciter creder-
ent disputanti, hac adfirmatione decepit, seu hic illi in urbe sunt, quod nescientes nec
manifestare possumus nec negare, cum, etsi sunt, lateant nec aliquando audeant uel
illum praedicantem ista defendere uel talia aliquo nostrorum praesente iactare et in tanta
populi multitudine nec deprehendi aliquis facile nec alicubi possit agnosci…18

This answer had to sound rather disappointing in Africa. Innocent refrains

from admitting that there are swarms of Pelagians in Rome; instead, he shows

14
Peter Brown, ‘The Patrons of Pelagius: The Roman Aristocracy Between East and West’,
JTS 21 (1970), 56-72. See also very persuasive presentation of Pelagius connection with Pinianus
and Melania’s friend Rufinus of Aquileia: Walter Dunphy, ‘Rufinus the Syrian: Myth and Reality’,
Augustiniana 59 (2009), 118-50.
15
Aug., ep. 188,3,11: ‘Si autem diligentius intendatis etiam illa, quae ibi uidetur uelut pro
gratia siue adiutorio Dei dicere, sic inuenietis ambigua, ut possint referri uel ad naturam uel ad
doctrinam uel ad remissionem peccatorum.’
16
Aug., ep. 186,8,29.
17
Aug., ep. 177,2. ‘For we have heard that in the city of Rome, where Pelagius lived for a
long time, there are some people who side with him for various reasons. He is said to have con-
vinced some of them of such ideas, but a larger number do not believe that he holds these ideas.’
Quoted after Augustine, Letters 156-210, The Works of Saint Augustine: A Translation for the
21st Century II 1, trans. R.J. Teske, 142.
18
Aug., ep. 183,2.
654 R. TOCZKO

complete ignorance on the subject. What is even worse, the bishop of Rome
seemed to be unaware of the dangers of Pelagian teaching, as he confesses in
the letter 182,5: Illud uero quod eos uestra fraternitas asserit praedicare,
paruulos aeternae uitae praemiis etiam sine baptismatis gratia posse donari,
perfatuum est. It follows clearly that the writings of the African bishops (and
mainly of Augustine) are the source of Innocent’s knowledge of Pelagian teaching.
The question is who are we to believe? Is Innocent’s ignorance only super-
ficial and destined to serve him to avoid further inquiry? Or were there numer-
ous Pelagians in Rome, as Augustine suggested? Scholars in general believe
the latter, because, as we know, Pelagius had dwelled in Rome for some time.
Augustine says that it was a long time, but we have to be skeptical about
drawing some exact chronological conclusions out of such descriptions as this:
417 (gest. Pel. 22.46):
nam, ut de me ipso potissimum dicam, prius absentis et Romae constituti Pelagii nomen
cum magna eius laude cognoui; postea coepit ad nos fama perferre, quod aduersus
Dei gratiam disputaret. quod licet dolerem et ab eis mihi diceretur quibus crederem,
ab ipso tamen tale aliquid uel in eius aliquo libro nosse cupiebam, ut, si inciperem
redarguere, negare non posset. postea uero quam in Africam uenit, me absente nostro,
id est hipponensi litore exceptus est, ubi omnino, sicut comperi a nostris, nihil ab illo
huius modi auditum est, quia et citius, quam putabatur, inde profectus est.19

We are presented here with a vague chronology, and as will be proved Augus-
tine should not be treated as a completely reliable source for reconstruction of
the historical background of the Pelagian controversy.20
As has already been mentioned above, in De gestis Pelagii and ep. 177 one
can find the idea that Pelagius, though once a newcomer to Rome, has dwelled
in this city for quite a long time and found quite a number of followers, with
Caelestius as the most fervent one. But it was not until 418 that Augustine
started to underline the fact that Pelagius is not only a liar, which is already
bad but that he was deceiving the brethren in the apostolic city of Rome, which
is far worse. And we cannot leave the fact unnoticed that he developed this
argument as one that contradicted one used by pope Zosimus in 417.

19
‘For, to speak of my own case, I first heard people mention the name of Pelagius with great
praise, when he was far off and residing in Rome. Later, I began to hear by rumor that he was
arguing against the grace of God. Though I was saddened by this and heard it from people I
believed, I wanted to know something of the sort from the man himself or from a book of his so
that he could not deny it, if I undertook to refute it. After he came to Africa, that is, to the shores
of Hippo, he was welcomed in my absence, and nothing of the sort was heard from him, as I
learned from our friends, since he departed from there more quickly than one might have
expected.’ Quoted after Augustine, Answer to Pelagians: The Works of Saint Augustine: A Trans-
lation for the 21st Century I, 23, trans. R.J. Teske, 354.
20
Apart from Augustine’s account of Zosimus, in De gestis Pelagii he gave at least one piece
of false information, accusing followers of Pelagius of the riots in Bethlehem. See Josef Lössl, ‘Who
attacked the Monasteries of Jerome and Paula in 416 A.D.’, Augustinianum 44 (1994), 91-112.
 Rome as the Basis of Argument in the So-called Pelagian Controversy 655

The rhetoric of Zosimus

Zosimus in September 417 had to face the task that was left for him because
of the death of Innocent. In the previous year, Innocent had reached a some-
what unsettling decision. Pelagius and Caelestius were found guilty of heresy,
but they might have cleared themselves of all accusations and come back to the
communion with Church if they presented to him sound statements of faith.
Unfortunately, on March 12, 417 Innocent died and, as Mathijs Lamberigts has
observed, his successor gave some hope to the Pelagians.21 Zosimus’ letters
prove that Caelestius came in person to defend himself and speak out his credo,
whereas Pelagius sent his libellus fidei.22 Zosimus listened to Caelestius on one
day and ordered to read Pelagius’ credo on the other. He found their faith
sound, then, informed Augustine and African bishops about his proceedings
and decisions in two separate letters. There we find arguments which are inter-
esting for us.
Zosimus claims that Catholics gathered in the Basilica of Saint Clement just
could not believe that someone might have had suspected such honorable men
of heresy. The Roman brethren and clergy accepted the presented statements
by acclamation. He mentions not only his decision but shows that it was in
absolute agreement with the will of the Roman Church.23 It serves both as a
detailed description of circumstances that increases the probability of the story
and as a premise or substantiation of the reached verdict. We should be aware
that this is just another rhetorical device commonly used by ancient authors
known as a reference to opinio, mos vulgi.24

21
Mathijs Lamberigts, ‘Co-operation of Church and State in the Condemnation of the Pelagians:
The Case of Zosimus’, in Theo L. Hettema, Arie van der Kooij (eds), Religious polemics in con-
text. Papers presented to the Second International Conference of the Leiden Institute for the Study
of Religions (LISOR) held at Leiden, 27-28 April 2000 (Assen, 2004), 363-75, esp. 363-4. I agree
with M. Lamberigts that Zosimus was aware of the stake and the matter of the controversy.
22
Zos., Magnum pondus…, Coll. Avellana 45,2-3, ed. O. Guenther, CSEL 35 (Vienna, 1895):
‘Caelestius presbyter nostro se ingessit examini expetens ea, quae de se apostolicae sedi aliter
quam oportuit essent inculcata, purgari … die cognitionis resedimus in sancti Clementis basilica
… omnia igitur, quae prius fuerant acta, discussimus, sicut gestorum huic epistolae cohaerentium
instructione discetis et intromissso Caelestio libellum eius, quem dederat, fecimus recitari. Nec hoc
contenti, utrum haec, quae scripsisset corde loqueretur an labiis, saepenumero explorauimus, cum
de occultis animarum solius Dei nostri possit esse iudicium.’ Zos., Posteaquam…, Coll. Avellana
46,2, CSEL 35: ‘Litteras quoque suas idem Pelagius purgationem tenentes abundantissimas misit,
quibus et professionis suae fidem, quid sequeretur quidue damnaret, sine aliquo fuco, ut cessarent
totius interpretationis insidiae, cumulauit. Harum recitatio publica fuit: omnia quidem paria et
eodem sensu sententiisque formata, quae Caelestius ante protulerat, continebant.’
23
Zos., Posteaquam…, Coll. Avellana 46,3, CSEL 35: ‘Utinam ullus vestrum recitationi lit-
terarum interesse potuisset! Quod sanctorum uirorum, qui aderant, gaudium fuit? Quae admiratio
singulorum? Uix fletu quidam et lacrimis temperabant tales enim absolutae fidei infamari potuisse.’
24
Victorinus, In Ciceronis rhetorica, in Rhetores latini minores, I,21, ed. Carolus Halm (Lip-
siae, 1863), 207,1-10.
656 R. TOCZKO

As Heinrich Lausberg observes, during the classical period the audience’s

opinion of the speaker and the general opinion on the case had a direct influ-
ence on the perception of truth; the use of this device was designed to fulfill
the ‘docere part’ of rhetorician’s duty.25 During Christian times, one needs to
assume, there occurred also another factor that added even more authority to
this argument. It may be seen in cases where an author presents the brethrens’
unanimity on some cases.26 Alcuin summed it up in the famous phrase vox
populi, vox Dei. Already in late antique literature the acclamation of brethren
is always conceived as inspired by God. Clearly, everyone should notice, that
it was not ordinary brethren but the Roman clergy and laity, gathered around
the most reverent apostolic see. This circumstance only strengthens the persua-
siveness of that argument.
Making this remark, Zosimus underlines the unique authority that the Roman
Church has achieved as a corollary of St Peter’s deeds and martyrdom. It was
the same reference to authority that his predecessors Innocent and Siricius had
used. In fact, it was the kind of influence on the general opinion that Augustine
and the African bishops hoped for when they wrote their letters to Innocent in
416, and where satisfied with after his decisions. However, after Zosimus had
issued a decision contrary to the African’s expectations, and de facto cancelled
Innocent’s verdicts, Augustine did not repeat his words from Sermo 131 about
causa finita. Doubtless, he did not think that Zosimus was justified in referring
to the authority of Peter, and using an argumentum a loco to acquit Pelagius.
In the letters of Zosimus, clearly an emerging opponent, this argument was a
serious threat, and so something had to be done about it.

Augustine’s reversal of Zosimus’ argumentation

It seems to me that having read such argumentation Augustine instantly knew

he had to retaliate this well-aimed arrow. But the course of events rendered it
obsolete. In 418, when he was writing to the patrons of Pelagius, Pinianus and
Melania, he said nothing of the decisions of Zosimus from the previous year.
It was possible, because, by then, Zosimus had been forced to change his mind
and thus he wrote in early summer of 418 the Epistola tractoria. It is quite
obvious that Zosimus could not have acted any different after the condemna-
tions of Pelagius and Caelestius issued by the African bishops (Carthage, May 1,
418) and the emperor Honorius (April 30, 418). Julian of Aeclanum accuses
the Africans of influencing by bribes (he mentions first-class stallions offered

25
Heinrich Lausberg, Handbuch der literarischen Rhetorik. Eine Grundlegung der Literatur-
wissenschaft (Wiesbaden, 1990), 181-3.
26
Good examples of this technique are narratives of unanimous Episcopal elections, as in Pau-
linus, Vita Ambrosii 6.
 Rome as the Basis of Argument in the So-called Pelagian Controversy 657

by Alypius) the decisions of the imperial court and many scholars believe
him.27 Be it as it may, in mid-418 Zosimus changed his verdict on Pelagius and
Caelestius from the fall of 417. Augustine in De gratia Christi et peccato ori-
ginali run a risk to use the analyzed argument of Zosimus to support the oppo-
site judgment.
Augustine claimed, not being entirely accurate with the facts, that the final
decision of Zosimus, who in the Epistula tractoria condemned Pelagians was
the only one that this bishop of Rome ever made. Augustine presents Pelagius
once again as a deceiver:
Quomodo autem Pelagius temptarit obrepere ad fallendum etiam apostolicae sedis
episcopale iudicium in hac ipsa quaestione de baptismate paruulorum diligenter atten-
dite.28

The word etiam puts a stress on the quality of Pelagius’ deed and makes reference
to the general opinion, according to the rules of rhetorical theory mentioned
above. Augustine connects it with the context of Pelagius’ dwelling in Rome,
to prove that there are limits to the successes of such impious mendacity.
He shows evidently that Pelagius was a successful liar only on those occasions,
when he searched to deceive people unaware of his teachings, as bishops of
Palestine in 415. But it was impossible even for such a sly heretic to mislead
the clergy of Rome. They knew him too well, because he used to live there.
Of course, Augustine continues, Pelagius made an attempt to lie to the very
bishop of Rome as he did in Jerusalem and Diospolis, because such is the
nature of this heretic. But it was not so easy to deceive the judges on that occa-
sion, because the Roman Church knew his heresy well. This argument goes as
follows:
Unde etiam Pelagius, si se ipsum et sua scripta sine dolo cogitat, non recte dicit eadem
sententia se non debuisse retineri. Fefellit enim iudicium palaestinum, propterea ibi
uidetur esse purgatus; romanam uero ecclesiam, ubi eum esse notissimum scitis,
fallere usquequaque non potuit, quamuis et hoc fuerit utcumque conatus; sed, ut dixi,
minime ualuit. Recoluit enim beatissimus papa Zosimus, quid imitandus praecessor eius
de ipsis senserit gestis. Attendit etiam quid de illo sentiret praedicanda in Domino
Romanorum fides, quorum aduersus eius errorem pro ueritate catholica studia conso-
nantia concorditer flagrare cernebat, inter quos ille diu uixerat et quos eius dogmata

27
Aug., Contra Iulianum opus imperfectum 1,42; 3,35. M. Lamberigts, ‘Co-operation of
Church and State’ (2004), 367-70; James P. Burns, ‘Augustine’s Role in the Imperial Action
against Pelagius’, JTS 30/1 (1979), 67-83; Otto Wermelinger, Rom und Pelagius. Die theolo-
gische Position der römischen Bischöfe im Pelagianischen Streit in den Jahren 411-432 (Stuttgart,
1975), 196-210.
28
Aug., De gratia Christi et peccato originali 2,17,19, ed. Carolus F. Urba et Jos Zycha,
CSEL 42 (Vienna, 1902). ‘Take careful note of how Pelagius tried a maneuver to deceive even
the episcopal court of the Apostolic See on this very question of the baptism of little ones.'
Quoted after Augustine, Answer to Pelagians: The Works of Saint Augustine: A Translation for
the 21st Century I, 23, trans. R.J. Teske, 428.
658 R. TOCZKO

latere non poterant, qui Caelestium eius esse discipulum sic nouerant, ut fidelissimum
et firmissimum possent de hac re testimonium perhibere.29

Zosimus stressed Pelagius’ compliance with the demands and views of the
Roman Church. Augustine presents the whole affair quite differently. He presents
Zosimus as a faithful follower of Innocent that he was not. He also portrays the
heretic as a recidivist, mentioning his lies at the ecclesiastical court in Palestine
in 415.
In this connection, I have to mention briefly that a quite similar argumentum
a loco is developed by both parties in case of Pelagius’ behavior in the Holy
Land. In Augustine’s eyes, he is all the more heretic because he dares to
lie before the bishops of Palestine.30 Augustine makes this case already in his
first work against Pelagius, where he mentioned his name, namely in Sermo
348A,6-7. But we find its more brief and evident expression in the quotation
above, ep. 176 and De gestis Pelagii:
Pelagius uero, sicut a quibusdam fratribus nostris missae loquuntur epistolae, Iero-
solymis constitutus nonnullos fallere asseritur.31
Restare uidebatur, ut Pelagium potius in episcopali iudicio crederemus fuisse men-
titum, nisi fieri potuisse cogitaremus etiam ante annos tam multos aliquid sub eius
nomine, non tamen ab illo fuisse conscriptum.32

Zosimus had to be aware of these accusations. He was in possession of at least

one of the texts mentioned above, i.e. ep. 176, addressed to his predecessor,

29
Ibid. 2,8,9. ‘For this reason, if Pelagius considers himself and his writings honestly, he is
wrong to say that he should not have been included under that same sentence. After all, he
deceived the Palestinian court, and for that reason he was thought to have been found innocent
by it. But he could not deceive the Church of Rome where, as you know, he is well known,
although he tried to do so in every way he could. However, as I said, he was utterly unable to
do so. After all, the blessed Pope Zosimus recalled the view that his predecessor, a man worthy
of imitation, took of those proceedings. He also paid attention to what the faith of the people of
Rome, which is praiseworthy in the Lord, held regarding that man. He saw their concerted efforts
blaze forth in defense of the catholic faith, united against his error. Pelagius had lived in their
midst for a long time, and they could not fail to be aware of his teachings. They knew quite well
that Caelestius was his disciple, and they were able to bear utterly reliable and solid witness on
that point.’ Quoted after from Augustine, Answer to Pelagians I 23, trans. R.J. Teske, 423.
30
Aug., ep. 176,4: ‘Pelagius uero, sicut a quibusdam fratribus nostris missae loquuntur epis-
tolae, Ierosolymis constitutus nonnullos fallere asseritur; uerumtamen multo plures, qui eius
sensus diligentius indagare potuerunt, aduersus eum pro gratia Christi et catholicae fidei ueritate
confligunt.’
31
Aug., ep. 176,4: ‘But, as letters sent by certain of our brothers report, Pelagius is said to
have taken up residence in Jerusalem and to be leading some people astray.’ Quoted after Augus-
tine, Letters 156-210, The Works of Saint Augustine, trans. R.J. Teske, 139.
32
Aug., De gestis Pelagii 6,19, ed. Carolus F. Urba et Jos Zycha, CSEL 42 (Vienna, 1902).
‘We seem to be left with believing that it was rather Pelagius who lied in the Episcopal court,
unless we suppose that something could have been produced under his name so many years ago,
but was not written by him.’ Quoted after Augustine, Answer to Pelagians I 23, trans. R.J. Teske,
339.
 Rome as the Basis of Argument in the So-called Pelagian Controversy 659

Innocent. That is in all probability why he commenced his letter to the African
bishops, consisting of a description of his legal proceedings on Pelagius, with a
mention of the letter from Praylus, bishop of Jerusalem, who defended Pelagius:
Ecce epistolam Hierosolymitani episcopi Prayli, qui in locum quondam sancti Iohannis
episcopus est ordinatus, accepimus. Qui causae Pelagi enixius adstipulator interuenit.33

The Holy Land was obviously a place of great authority for a Christian audi-
ence. The fact was that Pelagius had been acquitted by the bishops of Palestine.
However, Augustine tried to prove that it happened only because this heretic
concealed his real views; thus, although Pelagius had achieved in Palestine an
opinion of being a good Christian, this opinion was not true because he did not
reveal his true thoughts. Therefore, by making reference to Praylus, the succes-
sor of John of Jerusalem, Zosimus searched to assure Christians that Pelagius
was still recognized as an orthodox there.

Conclusion

We have been able to observe that the same places, the city of Rome and the
Holy Land, were used by Zosimus and Augustine in arguments that served to
support opposite conclusions. It is particularly evident in the case of Rome.
Every historian had to be puzzled when he becomes aware of the following
facts. In 416, Innocent says that before the Africans councils sent their letters
to Rome the Roman Church had no idea about Pelagius and his views. After
scrutiny he decided that the Roman Church does not think of Pelagius as totally
catholic. In 417, Zosimus says that the Roman Church recognized in Pelagius
a true Christian, although he was forced to change his view on the subject quite
soon. In 418, Augustine claims that the Roman Church knew the British monks’
heretical views for a long time and, therefore, condemned it. Who was truthful?
Before we answer this question accurately, if we ever do, one has to observe
that what we face in the analyzed texts is not a simple historical narrative but a
nexus of argumentation that was supposed to persuade, to make one’s account
verisimile and not verum. Argumentum a loco was helpful in fulfilling this goal.

33
Zos. Posteaquam…, Coll. Avellana 46,1-2, CSEL 35.
 STUDIA PATRISTICA
PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE SIXTEENTH INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE ON PATRISTIC STUDIES
HELD IN OXFORD 2011

Edited by
MARKUS VINZENT
 Volume 1
STUDIA PATRISTICA LIII

FORMER DIRECTORS

Gillian Clark, Bristol, UK

60 Years (1951-2011) of the International Conference on Patristic
Studies at Oxford: Key Figures – An Introductory Note....................3

Elizabeth Livingstone, Oxford, UK

F.L. Cross..............................................................................................5

Frances Young, Birmingham, UK

Maurice Frank Wiles...........................................................................9

Catherine Rowett, University of East Anglia, UK

Christopher Stead (1913-2008): His Work on Patristics.....................17

Archbishop Rowan Williams, London, UK

Henry Chadwick...................................................................................31

Mark Edwards, Christ Church, Oxford, UK, and Markus Vinzent,

King’s College, London, UK
J.N.D. Kelly..........................................................................................43

Éric Rebillard, Ithaca, NY, USA

William Hugh Clifford Frend (1916-2005): The Legacy of The
Donatist Church...................................................................................55

William E. Klingshirn, Washington, D.C., USA

Theology and History in the Thought of Robert Austin Markus.......73

Volume 2
STUDIA PATRISTICA LIV

BIBLICAL QUOTATIONS IN PATRISTIC TEXTS

(ed. Laurence Mellerin and Hugh A.G. Houghton)

Laurence Mellerin, Lyon, France, and Hugh A.G. Houghton, Birming-

ham, UK
Introduction..........................................................................................3
4 Table of Contents

Laurence Mellerin, Lyon, France

Methodological Issues in Biblindex, An Online Index of Biblical
Quotations in Early Christian Literature.............................................11

Guillaume Bady, Lyon, France

Quelle était la Bible des Pères, ou quel texte de la Septante choisir
pour Biblindex?....................................................................................33

Guillaume Bady, Lyon, France

3 Esdras chez les Pères de l’Église: L’ambiguïté des données et les
conditions d’intégration d’un ‘apocryphe’ dans Biblindex..................39

Jérémy Delmulle, Paris, France

Augustin dans «Biblindex». Un premier test: le traitement du De
Magistro................................................................................................55

Hugh A.G. Houghton, Birmingham, UK

Patristic Evidence in the New Edition of the Vetus Latina Iohannes.69

Amy M. Donaldson, Portland, Oregon, USA

Explicit References to New Testament Textual Variants by the Church
Fathers: Their Value and Limitations..................................................87

Ulrich Bernhard Schmid, Schöppingen, Germany

Marcion and the Textual History of Romans: Editorial Activity and
Early Editions of the New Testament..................................................99

Jeffrey Kloha, St Louis, USA

The New Testament Text of Nicetas of Remesiana, with Reference
to Luke 1:46..........................................................................................115

Volume 3
STUDIA PATRISTICA LV

EARLY MONASTICISM AND CLASSICAL PAIDEIA

(ed. Samuel Rubenson)

Samuel Rubenson, Lund, Sweden

Introduction..........................................................................................3

Samuel Rubenson, Lund, Sweden

The Formation and Re-formations of the Sayings of the Desert Fathers.5
 Table of Contents 5

Britt Dahlman, Lund, Sweden

The Collectio Scorialensis Parva: An Alphabetical Collection of Old
Apophthegmatic and Hagiographic Material.......................................23

Bo Holmberg, Lund, Sweden

The Syriac Collection of Apophthegmata Patrum in MS Sin. syr. 46.35

Lillian I. Larsen, Redlands, USA

On Learning a New Alphabet: The Sayings of the Desert Fathers
and the Monostichs of Menander.........................................................59

Henrik Rydell Johnsén, Lund, Sweden

Renunciation, Reorientation and Guidance: Patterns in Early Monas-
ticism and Ancient Philosophy............................................................79

David Westberg, Uppsala, Sweden

Rhetorical Exegesis in Procopius of Gaza’s Commentary on Genesis.95

Apophthegmata Patrum Abbreviations.......................................................109

Volume 4
STUDIA PATRISTICA LVI

REDISCOVERING ORIGEN

Lorenzo Perrone, Bologna, Italy

Origen’s ‘Confessions’: Recovering the Traces of a Self-Portrait.......3

Róbert Somos, University of Pécs, Hungary

Is the Handmaid Stoic or Middle Platonic? Some Comments on
Origen’s Use of Logic..........................................................................29

Paul R. Kolbet, Wellesley, USA

Rethinking the Rationales for Origen’s Use of Allegory....................41

Brian Barrett, South Bend, USA

Origen’s Spiritual Exegesis as a Defense of the Literal Sense............51

Tina Dolidze, Tbilisi, Georgia

Equivocality of Biblical Language in Origen......................................65

Miyako Demura, Tohoku Gakuin University, Sendai, Japan

Origen and the Exegetical Tradition of the Sarah-Hagar Motif in
Alexandria............................................................................................73
6 Table of Contents

Elizabeth Ann Dively Lauro, Los Angeles, USA

The Eschatological Significance of Scripture According to Origen....83

Lorenzo Perrone, Bologna, Italy

Rediscovering Origen Today: First Impressions of the New Collection
of Homilies on the Psalms in the Codex monacensis Graecus 314....103

Ronald E. Heine, Eugene, OR, USA

Origen and his Opponents on Matthew 19:12.....................................123

Allan E. Johnson, Minnesota, USA

Interior Landscape: Origen’s Homily 21 on Luke...............................129

Stephen Bagby, Durham, UK

The ‘Two Ways’ Tradition in Origen’s Commentary on Romans.......135

Francesco Pieri, Bologna, Italy

Origen on 1Corinthians: Homilies or Commentary?.........................143

Thomas D. McGlothlin, Durham, USA

Resurrection, Spiritual Interpretation, and Moral Reformation: A Func-
tional Approach to Resurrection in Origen.........................................157

Ilaria L.E. Ramelli, Milan, Italy, and Durham, UK

‘Preexistence of Souls’? The ârxß and télov of Rational Creatures
in Origen and Some Origenians..........................................................167

Ilaria L.E. Ramelli, Milan, Italy, and Durham, UK

The Dialogue of Adamantius: A Document of Origen’s Thought?
(Part Two).............................................................................................227

Volume 5
STUDIA PATRISTICA LVII

EVAGRIUS PONTICUS ON CONTEMPLATION

(ed. Monica Tobon)

Monica Tobon, Franciscan International Study Centre, Canterbury, UK

Introduction..........................................................................................3

Kevin Corrigan, Emory University, USA

Suffocation or Germination: Infinity, Formation and Calibration of
the Mind in Evagrius’ Notion of Contemplation.................................9
 Table of Contents 7

Monica Tobon, Franciscan International Study Centre, Canterbury, UK

Reply to Kevin Corrigan, ‘Suffocation or Germination: Infinity,
Formation and Calibration of the Mind in Evagrius’ Notion of
Contemplation’.....................................................................................27

Fr. Luke Dysinger, OSB, Saint John’s Seminary, Camarillo, USA

An Exegetical Way of Seeing: Contemplation and Spiritual Guidance
in Evagrius Ponticus.............................................................................31

Monica Tobon, Franciscan International Study Centre, Canterbury, UK

Raising Body and Soul to the Order of the Nous: Anthropology and
Contemplation in Evagrius...................................................................51

Robin Darling Young, University of Notre Dame, USA

The Path to Contemplation in Evagrius’ Letters.................................75

Volume 6
STUDIA PATRISTICA LVIII

NEOPLATONISM AND PATRISTICS

Victor Yudin, UCL, OVC, Brussels, Belgium

Patristic Neoplatonism.........................................................................3

Cyril Hovorun, Kiev, Ukraine

Influence of Neoplatonism on Formation of Theological Language....13

Luc Brisson, CNRS, Villejuif, France

Clement and Cyril of Alexandria: Confronting Platonism with Chris-
tianity....................................................................................................19

Alexey R. Fokin, Moscow, Russia

The Doctrine of the ‘Intelligible Triad’ in Neoplatonism and Patristics.45

Jean-Michel Counet, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Speech Act in the Demiurge’s Address to the Young Gods in
Timaeus 41 A-B. Interpretations of Greek Philosophers and Patristic
Receptions............................................................................................73

István Perczel, Hungary

The Pseudo-Didymian De trinitate and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areo-
pagite: A Preliminary Study................................................................83
8 Table of Contents

Andrew Louth, Durham, UK

Symbolism and the Angels in Dionysios the Areopagite....................109

Demetrios Bathrellos, Athens, Greece

Neo-platonism and Maximus the Confessor on the Knowledge of
God.......................................................................................................117

Victor Yudin, UCL, OVC, Brussels, Belgium

A Stoic Conversion: Porphyry by Plato. Augustine’s Reading of the
Timaeus 41 a7-b6..................................................................................127

Levan Gigineishvili, Ilia State University, Georgia

Eros in Theology of Ioane Petritsi and Shota Rustaveli.....................181

Volume 7
STUDIA PATRISTICA LIX

EARLY CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHIES

(ed. Allen Brent and Markus Vinzent)

Allen Brent, London, UK

Transforming Pagan Cultures..............................................................3

James A. Francis, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Seeing God(s): Images and the Divine in Pagan and Christian Thought
in the Second to Fourth Centuries AD................................................5

Emanuele Castelli, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy

The Symbols of Anchor and Fish in the Most Ancient Parts of the
Catacomb of Priscilla: Evidence and Questions.................................11

Catherine C. Taylor, Washington, D.C., USA

Painted Veneration: The Priscilla Catacomb Annunciation and the
Protoevangelion of James as Precedents for Late Antique Annuncia-
tion Iconography...................................................................................21

Peter Widdicombe, Hamilton, Canada

Noah and Foxes: Song of Songs 2:15 and the Patristic Legacy in Text
and Art..................................................................................................39

Catherine Brown Tkacz, Spokane, Washington, USA

En colligo duo ligna: The Widow of Zarephath and the Cross..........53
 Table of Contents 9

György Heidl, University of Pécs, Hungary

Early Christian Imagery of the ‘virga virtutis’ and Ambrose’s Theol-
ogy of Sacraments................................................................................69

Lee M. Jefferson, Danville, Kentucky, USA

Perspectives on the Nude Youth in Fourth-Century Sarcophagi
Representations of the Raising of Lazarus..........................................77

Katharina Heyden, Göttingen, Germany

The Bethesda Sarcophagi: Testimonies to Holy Land Piety in the
Western Theodosian Empire................................................................89

Anne Karahan, Stockholm, Sweden, and Istanbul, Turkey

The Image of God in Byzantine Cappadocia and the Issue of
Supreme Transcendence.......................................................................97

George Zografidis, Thessaloniki, Greece

Is a Patristic Aesthetics Possible? The Eastern Paradigm Re-examined.113

Volume 8
STUDIA PATRISTICA LX

NEW PERSPECTIVES ON LATE ANTIQUE SPECTACULA

(ed. Karin Schlapbach)

Karin Schlapbach, Ottawa, Canada

Introduction. New Perspectives on Late Antique spectacula: Between
Reality and Imagination.......................................................................3

Karin Schlapbach, Ottawa, Canada

Literary Technique and the Critique of spectacula in the Letters of
Paulinus of Nola...................................................................................7

Alexander Puk, Heidelberg, Germany

A Success Story: Why did the Late Ancient Theatre Continue?.......21

Juan Antonio Jiménez Sánchez, Barcelona, Spain

The Monk Hypatius and the Olympic Games of Chalcedon..............39

Andrew W. White, Stratford University, Woodbridge, Virginia, USA

Mime and the Secular Sphere: Notes on Choricius’ Apologia Mimo-
rum........................................................................................................47
10 Table of Contents

David Potter, The University of Michigan, USA

Anatomies of Violence: Entertainment and Politics in the Eastern
Roman Empire from Theodosius I to Heraclius..................................61
Annewies van den Hoek, Harvard, USA
Execution as Entertainment: The Roman Context of Martyrdom......73

Volume 9
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXI

THE HOLY SPIRIT AND DIVINE INSPIRATION IN AUGUSTINE

(ed. Jonathan Yates)

Anthony Dupont, Leuven, Belgium

Augustine’s Preaching on Grace at Pentecost........................................3
Geert M.A. Van Reyn, Leuven, Belgium
Divine Inspiration in Virgil’s Aeneid and Augustine’s Christian Alter-
native in Confessiones..........................................................................15
Anne-Isabelle Bouton-Touboulic, Bordeaux, France
Consonance and Dissonance: The Unifying Action of the Holy Ghost
in Saint Augustine................................................................................31
Matthew Alan Gaumer, Leuven, Belgium, and Kaiserslautern, Germany
Against the Holy Spirit: Augustine of Hippo’s Polemical Use of the
Holy Spirit against the Donatists.........................................................53
Diana Stanciu, KU Leuven, Belgium
Augustine’s (Neo)Platonic Soul and Anti-Pelagian Spirit...................63

Volume 10
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXII

THE GENRES OF LATE ANTIQUE LITERATURE

Yuri Shichalin, Moscow, Russia

The Traditional View of Late Platonism as a Self-contained System.3
Bernard Pouderon, Tours, France
Y a-t-il lieu de parler de genre littéraire à propos des Apologies du
second siècle?.......................................................................................11
 Table of Contents 11

John Dillon, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Protreptic Epistolography, Hellenic and Christian..............................29

Svetlana Mesyats, Moscow, Russia

Does the First have a Hypostasis? Some Remarks to the History of
the Term hypostasis in Platonic and Christian Tradition of the 4th –
5th Centuries AD..................................................................................41

Anna Usacheva, Moscow, Russia

The Term panßguriv in the Holy Bible and Christian Literature of the
Fourth Century and the Development of Christian Panegyric Genre.57

Olga Alieva, National Research University Higher School of Economics,

Moscow, Russia
Protreptic Motifs in St Basil’s Homily On the Words ‘Give Heed to
Thyself’.................................................................................................69

FOUCAULT AND THE PRACTICE OF PATRISTICS

David Newheiser, Chicago, USA

Foucault and the Practice of Patristics.................................................81

Devin Singh, New Haven, USA

Disciplining Eusebius: Discursive Power and Representation of the
Court Theologian.................................................................................89

Rick Elgendy, Chicago, USA

Practices of the Self and (Spiritually) Disciplined Resistance: What
Michel Foucault Could Have Said about Gregory of Nyssa...............103

Marika Rose, Durham, UK

Patristics after Foucault: Genealogy, History and the Question of
Justice...................................................................................................115

PATRISTIC STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICA

Patricia Andrea Ciner, Argentina

Los Estudios Patrísticos en Latinoamérica: pasado, presente y future.123

Edinei da Rosa Cândido, Florianópolis, Brasil

Proposta para publicações patrísticas no Brasil e América Latina: os
seis anos dos Cadernos Patrísticos.......................................................131
12 Table of Contents

Oscar Velásquez, Santiago de Chile, Chile

La historia de la patrística en Chile: un largo proceso de maduración.135

HISTORICA

Guy G. Stroumsa, Oxford, UK, and Jerusalem, Israel

Athens, Jerusalem and Mecca: The Patristic Crucible of the Abrahamic
Religions...............................................................................................153

Josef Lössl, Cardiff, Wales, UK

Memory as History? Patristic Perspectives.........................................169

Hervé Inglebert, Paris-Ouest Nanterre-La Défense, France

La formation des élites chrétiennes d’Augustin à Cassiodore.............185

Charlotte Köckert, Heidelberg, Germany

The Rhetoric of Conversion in Ancient Philosophy and Christianity.205

Arthur P. Urbano, Jr., Providence, USA

‘Dressing the Christian’: The Philosopher’s Mantle as Signifier of
Pedagogical and Moral Authority........................................................213

Vladimir Ivanovici, Bucharest, Romania

Competing Paradoxes: Martyrs and the Spread of Christianity
Revisited...............................................................................................231

Helen Rhee, Santa Barbara, California, USA

Wealth, Business Activities, and Blurring of Christian Identity.........245

Jean-Baptiste Piggin, Hamburg, Germany

The Great Stemma: A Late Antique Diagrammatic Chronicle of Pre-
Christian Time......................................................................................259

Mikhail M. Kazakov, Smolensk, Russia

Types of Location of Christian Churches in the Christianizing Roman
Empire..................................................................................................279

David Neal Greenwood, Edinburgh, UK

Pollution Wars: Consecration and Desecration from Constantine to
Julian.....................................................................................................289

Christine Shepardson, University of Tennessee, USA

Apollo’s Charred Remains: Making Meaning in Fourth-Century
Antioch.................................................................................................297
 Table of Contents 13

Jacquelyn E. Winston, Azusa, USA

The ‘Making’ of an Emperor: Constantinian Identity Formation in
his Invective Letter to Arius................................................................303

Isabella Image, Oxford, UK

Nicene Fraud at the Council of Rimini...............................................313

Thomas Brauch, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA

From Valens to Theodosius: ‘Nicene’ and ‘Arian’ Fortunes in the
East August 378 to November 380......................................................323

Silvia Margutti, Perugia, Italy

The Power of the Relics: Theodosius I and the Head of John the
Baptist in Constantinople.....................................................................339

Antonia Atanassova, Boston, USA

A Ladder to Heaven: Ephesus I and the Theology of Marian Mediation.353

Luise Marion Frenkel, Cambridge, UK

What are Sermons Doing in the Proceedings of a Council? The Case
of Ephesus 431......................................................................................363

Sandra Leuenberger-Wenger, Münster, Germany

The Case of Theodoret at the Council of Chalcedon..........................371

Sergey Trostyanskiy, Union Theological Seminary, New York, USA

The Encyclical of Basiliscus (475) and its Theological Significance;
Some Interpretational Issues................................................................383

Eric Fournier, West Chester, USA

Victor of Vita and the Conference of 484: A Pastiche of 411?..........395

Dana Iuliana Viezure, South Orange, NJ, USA

The Fate of Emperor Zeno’s Henoticon: Christological Authority
after the Healing of the Acacian Schism (484-518).............................409

Roberta Franchi, Firenze, Italy

Aurum in luto quaerere (Hier., Ep. 107,12). Donne tra eresia e ortodos-
sia nei testi cristiani di IV-V secolo.....................................................419

Winfried Büttner, Bamberg, Germany

Der Christus medicus und ein medicus christianus: Hagiographische
Anmerkungen zu einem Klerikerarzt des 5. Jh...................................431
14 Table of Contents

Susan Loftus, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

Episcopal Consecration – the Religious Practice of Late Antique Gaul
in the 6th Century: Ideal and Reality...................................................439

Rocco Borgognoni, Baggio, Italy

Capitals at War: Images of Rome and Constantinople from the Age
of Justinian...........................................................................................455

Pauline Allen, Brisbane, Australia, and Pretoria, South Africa

Prolegomena to a Study of the Letter-Bearer in Christian Antiquity.481

Ariane Bodin, Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, France

The Outward Appearance of Clerics in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries
in Italy, Gaul and Africa: Representation and Reality........................493

Christopher Bonura, Gainesville, USA

The Man and the Myth: Did Heraclius Know the Legend of the Last
Roman Emperor?.................................................................................503

Petr Balcárek, Olomouc, Czech Republic

The Cult of the Holy Wisdom in Byzantine Palestine........................515

Volume 11
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXIII

BIBLICA

Mark W. Elliott, St Andrews, UK

Wisdom of Solomon, Canon and Authority.........................................3

Joseph Verheyden, Leuven, Belgium

A Puzzling Chapter in the Reception History of the Gospels: Victor
of Antioch and his So-called ‘Commentary on Mark’.......................17

Christopher A. Beeley, New Haven, Conn., USA

‘Let This Cup Pass from Me’ (Matth. 26.39): The Soul of Christ in
Origen, Gregory Nazianzen, and Maximus Confessor.......................29

Paul M. Blowers, Emmanuel Christian Seminary, Johnson City, Ten­

nessee, USA
The Groaning and Longing of Creation: Variant Patterns of Patristic
Interpretation of Romans 8:19-23........................................................45
 Table of Contents 15

Riemer Roukema, Zwolle, The Netherlands

The Foolishness of the Message about the Cross (1Cor. 1:18-25):
Embarrassment and Consent................................................................55

Jennifer R. Strawbridge, Oxford, UK

A Community of Interpretation: The Use of 1Corinthians 2:6-16 by
Early Christians....................................................................................69

Pascale Farago-Bermon, Paris, France

Surviving the Disaster: The Use of Psyche in 1Peter 3:20................81

Everett Ferguson, Abilene, USA

Some Patristic Interpretations of the Angels of the Churches (Apo-
calypse 1-3)...........................................................................................95

PHILOSOPHICA, THEOLOGICA, ETHICA

Averil Cameron, Oxford, UK

Can Christians Do Dialogue?..............................................................103

Sophie Lunn-Rockliffe, King’s College London, UK

The Diabolical Problem of Satan’s First Sin: Self-moved Pride or a
Response to the Goads of Envy?.........................................................121

Loren Kerns, Portland, Oregon, USA

Soul and Passions in Philo of Alexandria...........................................141

Nicola Spanu, London, UK

The Interpretation of Timaeus 39E7-9 in the Context of Plotinus’ and
Numenius’ Philosophical Circles.........................................................155

Sarah Stewart-Kroeker, Princeton, USA

Augustine’s Incarnational Appropriation of Plotinus: A Journey for
the Feet.................................................................................................165

Sébastien Morlet, Paris, France

Encore un nouveau fragment du traité de Porphyre contre les chrétiens
(Marcel d’Ancyre, fr. 88 Klostermann = fr. 22 Seibt/Vinzent)?.........179

Aaron P. Johnson, Cleveland, Tennessee, USA

Porphyry’s Letter to Anebo among the Christians: Augustine and
Eusebius................................................................................................187
16 Table of Contents

Susanna Elm, Berkeley, USA

Laughter in Christian Polemics............................................................195
Robert Wisniewski, Warsaw, Poland
Looking for Dreams and Talking with Martyrs: The Internal Roots
of Christian Incubation........................................................................203
Simon C. Mimouni, Paris, France
Les traditions patristiques sur la famille de Jésus: Retour sur un pro-
blème doctrinal du IVe siècle...............................................................209
Christophe Guignard, Bâle/Lausanne, Suisse
Julius Africanus et le texte de la généalogie lucanienne de Jésus......221
Demetrios Bathrellos, Athens, Greece
The Patristic Tradition on the Sinlessness of Jesus.............................235
Hajnalka Tamas, Leuven, Belgium
Scio unum Deum vivum et verum, qui est trinus et unus Deus: The
Relevance of Creedal Elements in the Passio Donati, Venusti et Her-
mogenis................................................................................................. 243
Christoph Markschies, Berlin, Germany
On Classifying Creeds the Classical German Way: ‘Privat-Bekennt-
nisse’ (‘Private Creeds’).......................................................................259
Markus Vinzent, King’s College London, UK
From Zephyrinus to Damasus – What did Roman Bishops believe?....273
Adolf Martin Ritter, Heidelberg, Germany
The ‘Three Main Creeds’ of the Lutheran Reformation and their
Specific Contexts: Testimonies and Commentaries............................287
Hieromonk Methody (Zinkovsky), Hieromonk Kirill (Zinkovsky), St Peters-
burg Orthodox Theological Academy, Russia
The Term ênupóstaton and its Theological Meaning......................313
Christian Lange, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
Miaenergetism – A New Term for the History of Dogma?................327
Marek Jankowiak, Oxford, UK
The Invention of Dyotheletism.............................................................335
Spyros P. Panagopoulos, Patras, Greece
The Byzantine Traditions of the Virgin Mary’s Dormition and
Assumption...........................................................................................343
 Table of Contents 17

Christopher T. Bounds, Marion, Indiana, USA

The Understanding of Grace in Selected Apostolic Fathers...............351

Andreas Merkt, Regensburg, Germany

Before the Birth of Purgatory..............................................................361

Verna E.F. Harrison, Los Angeles, USA

Children in Paradise and Death as God’s Gift: From Theophilus of
Antioch and Irenaeus of Lyons to Gregory Nazianzen.......................367

Moshe B. Blidstein, Oxford, UK

Polemics against Death Defilement in Third-Century Christian Sour-
ces.........................................................................................................373

Susan L. Graham, Jersey City, USA

Two Mount Zions: Fourth-Century Christian Anti-Jewish Polemic....385

Sean C. Hill, Gainesville, Florida, USA

Early Christian Ethnic Reasoning in the Light of Genesis 6:1-4.......393

Volume 12
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXIV

ASCETICA

Kate Wilkinson, Baltimore, USA

Gender Roles and Mental Reproduction among Virgins....................3

David Woods, Cork, Ireland

Rome, Gregoria, and Madaba: A Warning against Sexual Temptation.9

Alexis C. Torrance, Princeton, USA

The Angel and the Spirit of Repentance: Hermas and the Early
Monastic Concept of Metanoia............................................................15

Lois Farag, St Paul, MN, USA

Heroines not Penitents: Saints of Sex Slavery in the Apophthegmata
Patrum in Roman Law Context...........................................................21

Nienke Vos, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Seeing Hesychia: Appeals to the Imagination in the Apophthegmata
Patrum..................................................................................................33
18 Table of Contents

Peter Tóth, London, UK

‘In volumine Longobardo’: New Light on the Date and Origin of the
Latin Translation of St Anthony’s Seven Letters.................................47

Kathryn Hager, Oxford, UK

John Cassian: The Devil in the Details...............................................59

Liviu Barbu, Cambridge, UK

Spiritual Fatherhood in and outside the Desert: An Eastern Orthodox
Perspective............................................................................................65

LITURGICA

T.D. Barnes, Edinburgh, UK

The First Christmas in Rome, Antioch and Constantinople...............77

Gerard Rouwhorst, University of Tilburg, The Netherlands

Eucharistic Meals East of Antioch......................................................85

Anthony Gelston, Durham, UK

A Fragmentary Sixth-Century East Syrian Anaphora........................105

Richard Barrett, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

‘Let Us Put Away All Earthly Care’: Mysticism and the Cherubikon
of the Byzantine Rite...........................................................................111

ORIENTALIA

B.N. Wolfe, Oxford, UK

The Skeireins: A Neglected Text.........................................................127

Alberto Rigolio, Oxford, UK

From ‘Sacrifice to the Gods’ to the ‘Fear of God’: Omissions, Additions
and Changes in the Syriac Translations of Plutarch, Lucian and
Themistius............................................................................................133

Richard Vaggione, OHC, Toronto, Canada

Who were Mani’s ‘Greeks’? ‘Greek Bread’ in the Cologne Mani Codex.145

Flavia Ruani, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, France

Between Myth and Exegesis: Ephrem the Syrian on the Manichaean
Book of Giants......................................................................................155
 Table of Contents 19

Hannah Hunt, Leeds, UK

‘Clothed in the Body’: The Garment of Flesh and the Garment of
Glory in Syrian Religious Anthropology.............................................167

Joby Patteruparampil, Leuven, Belgium

Regula Fidei in Ephrem’s Hymni de Fide LXVII and in the Sermones
de Fide IV............................................................................................177

Jeanne-Nicole Saint-Laurent, Colchester, VT, USA

Humour in Syriac Hagiography...........................................................199

Erik W. Kolb, Washington, D.C., USA

‘It Is With God’s Words That Burn Like a Fire’: Monastic Discipline
in Shenoute’s Monastery......................................................................207

Hugo Lundhaug, Oslo, Norway

Origenism in Fifth-Century Upper Egypt: Shenoute of Atripe and the
Nag Hammadi Codices........................................................................217

Aho Shemunkasho, Salzburg, Austria

Preliminaries to an Edition of the Hagiography of St Aho the Stran-
ger (‫)ܡܪܝ ܐܚܐ ܐܟܣܢܝܐ‬....................................................................229

Peter Bruns, Bamberg, Germany

Von Magiern und Mönchen – Zoroastrische Polemik gegen das
Christentum in der armenischen Kirchengeschichtsschreibung.........237

Grigory Kessel, Marburg, Germany

New Manuscript Witnesses to the ‘Second Part’ of Isaac of Nineveh.245

CRITICA ET PHILOLOGICA

Michael Penn, Mount Holyoke College, USA

Using Computers to Identify Ancient Scribal Hands: A Preliminary
Report...................................................................................................261

Felix Albrecht, Göttingen, Germany

A Hitherto Unknown Witness to the Apostolic Constitutions in
Uncial Script.........................................................................................267

Nikolai Lipatov-Chicherin, Nottingham, UK, and St Petersburg, Russia

Preaching as the Audience Heard it: Unedited Transcripts of Patristic
Homilies...............................................................................................277
20 Table of Contents

Pierre Augustin, Paris, France

Entre codicologie, philologie et histoire: La description de manuscrits
parisiens (Codices Chrysostomici Graeci VII)...................................299

Octavian Gordon, Bucure≥ti, Romania

Denominational Translation of Patristic Texts into Romanian: Elements
for a Patristic Translation Theory........................................................309

Volume 13
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXV

THE FIRST TWO CENTURIES

William C. Rutherford, Houston, USA

Citizenship among Jews and Christians: Civic Discourse in the Apology
of Aristides...........................................................................................3

Paul Hartog, Des Moines, USA

The Relationship between Paraenesis and Polemic in Polycarp, Phi-
lippians.................................................................................................27

Romulus D. Stefanut, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Eucharistic Theology in the Martyrdom of Ignatius of Antioch........39

Ferdinando Bergamelli, Turin, Italy

La figura dell’Apostolo Paolo in Ignazio di Antiochia........................49

Viviana Laura Félix, Buenos Aires, Argentina

La influencia de platonismo medio en Justino a la luz de los estudios
recientes sobre el Didaskalikos............................................................63

Charles A. Bobertz, Collegeville, USA

‘Our Opinion is in Accordance with the Eucharist’: Irenaeus and the
Sitz im Leben of Mark’s Gospel...........................................................79

Ysabel de Andia, Paris, France

Adam-Enfant chez Irénée de Lyon......................................................91

Scott D. Moringiello, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA

The Pneumatikos as Scriptural Interpreter: Irenaeus on 1Cor. 2:15...105

Adam J. Powell, Durham, UK

Irenaeus and God’s Gifts: Reciprocity in Against Heresies IV 14.1....119
 Table of Contents 21

Charles E. Hill, Maitland, Florida, USA

‘The Writing which Says…’ The Shepherd of Hermas in the Writings
of Irenaeus............................................................................................127
T. Scott Manor, Paris, France
Proclus: The North African Montanist?.............................................139
István M. Bugár, Debrecen, Hungary
Can Theological Language Be Logical? The Case of ‘Josipe’ and
Melito............................................................................................... 147
Oliver Nicholson, Minneapolis, USA, and Tiverton, UK
What Makes a Voluntary Martyr?.......................................................159
Thomas O’Loughlin, Nottingham, UK
The Protevangelium of James: A Case of Gospel Harmonization in
the Second Century?............................................................................165
Jussi Junni, Helsinki, Finland
Celsus’ Arguments against the Truth of the Bible..............................175
Miros¥aw Mejzner, Warsaw (UKSW), Poland
The Anthropological Foundations of the Concept of Resurrection
according to Methodius of Olympus...................................................185
László Perendy, Budapest, Hungary
The Threads of Tradition: The Parallelisms between Ad Diognetum
and Ad Autolycum................................................................................197
Nestor Kavvadas, Tübingen, Germany
Some Late Texts Pertaining to the Accusation of Ritual Cannibalism
against Second- and Third-Century Christians...................................209
Jared Secord, Ann Arbor, USA
Medicine and Sophistry in Hippolytus’ Refutatio...............................217
Eliezer Gonzalez, Gold Coast, Australia
The Afterlife in the Passion of Perpetua and in the Works of Tertul-
lian: A Clash of Traditions..................................................................225

APOCRYPHA
Julian Petkov, University of Heidelberg, Germany
Techniques of Disguise in Apocryphal Apocalyptic Literature:
Bridging the Gap between ‘Authorship’ and ‘Authority’.....................241
22 Table of Contents

Marek Starowieyski, Pontifical Faculty of Theology, Warsaw, Poland

St. Paul dans les Apocryphes...............................................................253
David M. Reis, Bridgewater, USA
Peripatetic Pedagogy: Travel and Transgression in the Apocryphal
Acts of the Apostles..............................................................................263
Charlotte Touati, Lausanne, Switzerland
A ‘Kerygma of Peter’ behind the Apocalypse of Peter, the Pseudo-
Clementine Romance and the Eclogae Propheticae of Clement of
Alexandria............................................................................................277

TERTULLIAN AND RHETORIC

(ed. Willemien Otten)

David E. Wilhite, Waco, TX, USA

Rhetoric and Theology in Tertullian: What Tertullian Learned from
Paul.......................................................................................................295
Frédéric Chapot, Université de Strasbourg, France
Rhétorique et herméneutique chez Tertullien. Remarques sur la com-
position de l’Adu. Praxean...................................................................313
Willemien Otten, Chicago, USA
Tertullian’s Rhetoric of Redemption: Flesh and Embodiment in De
carne Christi and De resurrectione mortuorum..................................331
Geoffrey D. Dunn, Australian Catholic University, Australia
Rhetoric and Tertullian: A Response..................................................349

FROM TERTULLIAN TO TYCONIUS

J. Albert Harrill, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

Accusing Philosophy of Causing Headaches: Tertullian’s Use of a
Comedic Topos (Praescr. 16.2)............................................................359
Richard Brumback, Austin, Texas, USA
Tertullian’s Trinitarian Monarchy in Adversus Praxean: A Rhetorical
Analysis................................................................................................367
Marcin R. Wysocki, Lublin, Poland
Eschatology of the Time of Persecutions in the Writings of Tertullian
and Cyprian..........................................................................................379
 Table of Contents 23

David L. Riggs, Marion, Indiana, USA

The Apologetics of Grace in Tertullian and Early African Martyr Acts395

Agnes A. Nagy, Genève, Suisse

Les candélabres et les chiens au banquet scandaleux. Tertullien,
Minucius Felix et les unions œdipiennes.............................................407

Thomas F. Heyne, M.D., M.St., Boston, USA

Tertullian and Obstetrics......................................................................419

Ulrike Bruchmüller, Berlin, Germany

Christliche Erotik in platonischem Gewand: Transformationstheoretische
Überlegungen zur Umdeutung von Platons Symposion bei Methodios
von Olympos.........................................................................................435

David W. Perry, Hull, UK

Cyprian’s Letter to Fidus: A New Perspective on its Significance for
the History of Infant Baptism..............................................................445

Adam Ployd, Atlanta, USA

Tres Unum Sunt: The Johannine Comma in Cyprian.........................451

Laetitia Ciccolini, Paris, France

Le personnage de Syméon dans la polémique anti-juive: Le cas de
l’Ad Vigilium episcopum de Iudaica incredulitate (CPL 67°).............459

Volume 14
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXVI

CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA

Jana Plátová, Centre for Patristic, Medieval and Renaissance Texts, Olo-
mouc, Czech Republic
Die Fragmente des Clemens Alexandrinus in den griechischen und
arabischen Katenen...............................................................................3

Marco Rizzi, Milan, Italy

The Work of Clement of Alexandria in the Light of his Contempo-
rary Philosophical Teaching.................................................................11

Stuart Rowley Thomson, Oxford, UK

Apostolic Authority: Reading and Writing Legitimacy in Clement of
Alexandria............................................................................................19
24 Table of Contents

Davide Dainese, Fondazione per le Scienze Religiose ‘Giovanni XXIII’,

Bologna, Italy
Clement of Alexandria’s Refusal of Valentinian âpórroia...............33
Dan Batovici, St Andrews, UK
Hermas in Clement of Alexandria.......................................................41
Piotr Ashwin-Siejkowski, Chichester, UK
Clement of Alexandria on the Creation of Eve: Exegesis in the Ser-
vice of a Pedagogical Project...............................................................53
Pamela Mullins Reaves, Durham, NC, USA
Multiple Martyrdoms and Christian Identity in Clement of Alexan-
dria’s Stromateis...................................................................................61
Michael J. Thate, Yale Divinity School, New Haven, CT, USA
Identity Construction as Resistance: Figuring Hegemony, Biopolitics,
and Martyrdom as an Approach to Clement of Alexandria................69
Veronika Cernusková, Olomouc, Czech Republic
The Concept of eûpáqeia in Clement of Alexandria.........................87
Kamala Parel-Nuttall, Calgary, Canada
Clement of Alexandria’s Ideal Christian Wife....................................99

THE FOURTH-CENTURY DEBATES

Michael B. Simmons, Montgomery, Alabama, USA

Universalism in Eusebius of Caesarea: The Soteriological Use of
in Book III of the Theophany...............125
Jon M. Robertson, Portland, Oregon, USA
‘The Beloved of God’: The Christological Backdrop for the Political
Theory of Eusebius of Caesarea in Laus Constantini.........................135
Cordula Bandt, Berlin, Germany
Some Remarks on the Tone of Eusebius’ Commentary on Psalms....143
Clayton Coombs, Melbourne, Australia
Literary Device or Legitimate Diversity: Assessing Eusebius’ Use of
the Optative Mood in Quaestiones ad Marinum.................................151
David J. DeVore, Berkeley, California, USA
Eusebius’ Un-Josephan History: Two Portraits of Philo of Alexandria
and the Sources of Ecclesiastical Historiography................................161
 Table of Contents 25

Gregory Allen Robbins, Denver, USA

‘Number Determinate is Kept Concealed’ (Dante, Paradiso XXIX 135):
Eusebius and the Transformation of the List (Hist. eccl. III 25)........181

James Corke-Webster, Manchester, UK

A Literary Historian: Eusebius of Caesarea and the Martyrs of
Lyons and Palestine..............................................................................191

Samuel Fernández, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile

¿Crisis arriana o crisis monarquiana en el siglo IV? Las críticas de
Marcelo de Ancira a Asterio de Capadocia.........................................203

Laurence Vianès, Université de Grenoble / HiSoMA «Sources Chrétien-

nes», France
L’interprétation des prophètes par Apollinaire de Laodicée a-t-elle
influencé Théodore de Mopsueste?.....................................................209

Hélène Grelier-Deneux, Paris, France

La réception d’Apolinaire dans les controverses christologiques du
Ve siècle à partir de deux témoins, Cyrille d’Alexandrie et Théodoret
de Cyr...................................................................................................223

Sophie H. Cartwright, Edinburgh, UK

So-called Platonism, the Soul, and the Humanity of Christ in Eus-
tathius of Antioch’s Contra Ariomanitas et de anima........................237

Donna R. Hawk-Reinhard, St Louis, USA

Cyril of Jerusalem’s Sacramental Theosis...........................................247

Georgij Zakharov, Moscou, Russie

Théologie de l’image chez Germinius de Sirmium.............................257

Michael Stuart Williams, Maynooth, Ireland

Auxentius of Milan: From Orthodoxy to Heresy................................263

Jarred A. Mercer, Oxford, UK

The Life in the Word and the Light of Humanity: The Exegetical
Foundation of Hilary of Poitiers’ Doctrine of Divine Infinity...........273

Janet Sidaway, Edinburgh, UK

Hilary of Poitiers and Phoebadius of Agen: Who Influenced Whom?.283

Dominique Gonnet, S.J., Lyon, France

The Use of the Bible within Athanasius of Alexandria’s Letters to
Serapion................................................................................................291
26 Table of Contents

William G. Rusch, New York, USA

Corresponding with Emperor Jovian: The Strategy and Theology of
Apollinaris of Laodicea and Athanasius of Alexandria......................301

Rocco Schembra, Catania, Italia

Il percorso editoriale del De non parcendo in deum delinquentibus
di Lucifero di Cagliari.........................................................................309

Caroline Macé, Leuven, Belgium, and Ilse De Vos, Oxford, UK

Pseudo-Athanasius, Quaestio ad Antiochum 136 and the Theosophia.319

Volume 15
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXVII

CAPPADOCIAN WRITERS

Giulio Maspero, Rome, Italy

The Spirit Manifested by the Son in Cappadocian Thought..............3

Darren Sarisky, Cambridge, UK

Who Can Listen to Sermons on Genesis? Theological Exegesis and
Theological Anthropology in Basil of Caesarea’s Hexaemeron Hom-
ilies.......................................................................................................13

Ian C. Jones, New York, USA

Humans and Animals: St Basil of Caesarea’s Ascetic Evocation of
Paradise................................................................................................25

Benoît Gain, Grenoble, France

Voyageur en Exil: Un aspect central de la condition humaine selon
Basile de Césarée.................................................................................33

Anne Gordon Keidel, Boston, USA

Nautical Imagery in the Writings of Basil of Caesarea......................41

Martin Mayerhofer, Rom, Italien

Die basilianische Anthropologie als Verständnisschlüssel zu Ad ado-
lescentes................................................................................................47

Anna M. Silvas, Armidale NSW, Australia

Basil and Gregory of Nyssa on the Ascetic Life: Introductory Com-
parisons.................................................................................................53
 Table of Contents 27

Antony Meredith, S.J., London, UK

Universal Salvation and Human Response in Gregory of Nyssa........63

Robin Orton, London, UK

‘Physical’ Soteriology in Gregory of Nyssa: A Response to Reinhard
M. Hübner.............................................................................................69

Marcello La Matina, Macerata, Italy

Seeing God through Language. Quotation and Deixis in Gregory of
Nyssa’s Against Eunomius, Book III...................................................77

Hui Xia, Leuven, Belgium

The Light Imagery in Gregory of Nyssa’s Contra Eunomium III 6...91

Francisco Bastitta Harriet, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Does God ‘Follow’ Human Decision? An Interpretation of a Passage
from Gregory of Nyssa’s De vita Moysis (II 86).................................101

Miguel Brugarolas, Pamplona, Spain

Anointing and Kingdom: Some Aspects of Gregory of Nyssa’s Pneu-
matology...............................................................................................113

Matthew R. Lootens, New York City, USA

A Preface to Gregory of Nyssa’s Contra Eunomium? Gregory’s Epis-
tula 29...................................................................................................121

Nathan D. Howard, Martin, Tennessee, USA

Gregory of Nyssa’s Vita Macrinae in the Fourth-Century Trinitarian
Debate...................................................................................................131

Ann Conway-Jones, Manchester, UK

Gregory of Nyssa’s Tabernacle Imagery: Mysticism, Theology and
Politics..................................................................................................143

Elena Ene D-Vasilescu, Oxford, UK

How Would Gregory of Nyssa Understand Evolutionism?.................151

Daniel G. Opperwall, Hamilton, Canada

Sinai and Corporate Epistemology in the Orations of Gregory of
Nazianzus.............................................................................................169

Finn Damgaard, Copenhagen, Denmark

The Figure of Moses in Gregory of Nazianzus’ Autobiographical
Remarks in his Orations and Poems....................................................179
28 Table of Contents

Gregory K. Hillis, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

Pneumatology and Soteriology according to Gregory of Nazianzus
and Cyril of Alexandria.......................................................................187

Zurab Jashi, Leipzig, Germany

Human Freedom and Divine Providence according to Gregory of
Nazianzus.............................................................................................199

Matthew Briel, Bronx, New York, USA

Gregory the Theologian, Logos and Literature...................................207

THE SECOND HALF OF THE FOURTH CENTURY

John Voelker, Viking, Minnesota, USA

Marius Victorinus’ Remembrance of the Nicene Council..................217

Kellen Plaxco, Milwaukee, USA

Didymus the Blind and the Metaphysics of Participation...................227

Rubén Peretó Rivas, Mendoza, Argentina

La acedia y Evagrio Póntico. Entre ángeles y demonios....................239

Young Richard Kim, Grand Rapids, USA

The Pastoral Care of Epiphanius of Cyprus........................................247

Peter Anthony Mena, Madison, NJ, USA

Insatiable Appetites: Epiphanius of Salamis and the Making of the
Heretical Villain...................................................................................257

Constantine Bozinis, Thessaloniki, Greece

De imperio et potestate. A Dialogue with John Chrysostom.............265

Johan Leemans, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Leuven, Belgium

John Chrysostom’s First Homily on Pentecost (CPG 4343): Liturgy
and Theology........................................................................................285

Natalia Smelova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of

Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
St John Chrysostom’s Exegesis on the Prophet Isaiah: The Oriental
Translations and their Manuscripts......................................................295

Goran Sekulovski, Paris, France

Jean Chrysostome sur la communion de Judas...................................311
 Table of Contents 29

Jeff W. Childers, Abilene, Texas, USA

Chrysostom in Syriac Dress................................................................323

Cara J. Aspesi, Notre Dame, USA

Literacy and Book Ownership in the Congregations of John Chrysos-
tom........................................................................................................333

Jonathan Stanfill, New York, USA

John Chrysostom’s Gothic Parish and the Politics of Space...............345

Peter Moore, Sydney, Australia

Chrysostom’s Concept of gnÉmj: How ‘Chosen Life’s Orientation’
Undergirds Chrysostom’s Strategy in Preaching.................................351

Chris L. de Wet, Pretoria, South Africa

John Chrysostom’s Advice to Slaveholders.........................................359

Paola Francesca Moretti, Milano, Italy

Not only ianua diaboli. Jerome, the Bible and the Construction of a
Female Gender Model..........................................................................367

Vít Husek, Olomouc, Czech Republic

‘Perfection Appropriate to the Fragile Human Condition’: Jerome
and Pelagius on the Perfection of Christian Life................................385

Pak-Wah Lai, Singapore

The Imago Dei and Salvation among the Antiochenes: A Comparison
of John Chrysostom with Theodore of Mopsuestia.............................393

George Kalantzis, Wheaton, Illinois, USA

Creatio ex Terrae: Immortality and the Fall in Theodore, Chrysos-
tom, and Theodoret..............................................................................403

Volume 16
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXVIII

FROM THE FIFTH CENTURY ONWARDS (GREEK WRITERS)

Anna Lankina, Gainesville, Florida, USA

Reclaiming the Memory of the Christian Past: Philostorgius’ Mis-
sionary Heroes......................................................................................3
30 Table of Contents

Vasilije Vranic, Marquette University, USA

The Logos as theios sporos: The Christology of the Expositio rectae
fidei of Theodoret of Cyrrhus..............................................................11
Andreas Westergren, Lund, Sweden
A Relic In Spe: Theodoret’s Depiction of a Philosopher Saint...........25
George A. Bevan, Kingston, Canada
Interpolations in the Syriac Translation of Nestorius’ Liber Heraclidis.31
Ken Parry, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
‘Rejoice for Me, O Desert’: Fresh Light on the Remains of Nestorius
in Egypt................................................................................................41
Josef Rist, Bochum, Germany
Kirchenpolitik und/oder Bestechung: Die Geschenke des Kyrill von
Alexandrien an den kaiserlichen Hof..................................................51
Hans van Loon, Culemborg, The Netherlands
The Pelagian Debate and Cyril of Alexandria’s Theology.................61
Hannah Milner, Cambridge, UK
Cyril of Alexandria’s Treatment of Sources in his Commentary on
the Twelve Prophets..............................................................................85
Matthew R. Crawford, Durham, UK
Assessing the Authenticity of the Greek Fragments on Psalm 22
(LXX) attributed to Cyril of Alexandria.............................................95
Dimitrios Zaganas, Paris, France
Against Origen and/or Origenists? Cyril of Alexandria’s Rejection
of John the Baptist’s Angelic Nature in his Commentary on John 1:6.101
Richard W. Bishop, Leuven, Belgium
Cyril of Alexandria’s Sermon on the Ascension (CPG 5281).............107
Daniel Keating, Detroit, MI, USA
Supersessionism in Cyril of Alexandria..............................................119
Thomas Arentzen, Lund, Sweden
‘Your virginity shines’ – The Attraction of the Virgin in the Annun-
ciation Hymn by Romanos the Melodist.............................................125
Thomas Cattoi, Berkeley, USA
An Evagrian üpóstasiv? Leontios of Byzantium and the ‘Com-
posite Subjectivity’ of the Person of Christ.........................................133
 Table of Contents 31

Leszek Misiarczyk, Warsaw, Poland

The Relationship between nous, pneuma and logistikon in Evagrius
Ponticus’ Anthropology........................................................................149

J. Gregory Given, Cambridge, USA

Anchoring the Areopagite: An Intertextual Approach to Pseudo-
Dionysius..............................................................................................155

Ladislav Chvátal, Olomouc, Czech Republic

The Concept of ‘Grace’ in Dionysius the Areopagite.........................173

Graciela L. Ritacco, San Miguel, Argentina

El Bien, el Sol y el Rayo de Luz según Dionisio del Areópago.........181

Zachary M. Guiliano, Cambridge, UK

The Cross in (Pseudo-)Dionysius: Pinnacle and Pit of Revelation.....201

David Newheiser, Chicago, USA

Eschatology and the Areopagite: Interpreting the Dionysian Hierar-
chies in Terms of Time........................................................................215

Ashley Purpura, New York City, USA

‘Pseudo’ Dionysius the Areopagite’s Ecclesiastical Hierarchy: Keep-
ing the Divine Order and Participating in Divinity............................223

Filip Ivanovic, Trondheim, Norway

Dionysius the Areopagite on Justice....................................................231

Brenda Llewellyn Ihssen, Tacoma, USA

Money in the Meadow: Conversion and Coin in John Moschos’ Pra-
tum spirituale.......................................................................................237

Bogdan G. Bucur, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, USA

Exegesis and Intertextuality in Anastasius the Sinaite’s Homily On
the Transfiguration...............................................................................249

Christopher Johnson, Tuscaloosa, USA

Between Madness and Holiness: Symeon of Emesa and the ‘Peda-
gogics of Liminality’............................................................................261

Archbishop Rowan Williams, London, UK

Nature, Passion and Desire: Maximus’ Ontology of Excess..............267

Manuel Mira Iborra, Rome, Italy

Friendship in Maximus the Confessor.................................................273
32 Table of Contents

Marius Portaru, Rome, Italy

Gradual Participation according to St Maximus the Confessor..........281

Michael Bakker, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Willing in St Maximos’ Mystagogical Habitat: Bringing Habits in
Line with One’s logos..........................................................................295

Andreas Andreopoulos, Winchester, UK

‘All in All’ in the Byzantine Anaphora and the Eschatological Mys-
tagogy of Maximos the Confessor.......................................................303

Cyril K. Crawford, OSB, Leuven, Belgium (†)

‘Receptive Potency’ (dektike dynamis) in Ambigua ad Iohannem 20
of St Maximus the Confessor..............................................................313

Johannes Börjesson, Cambridge, UK

Maximus the Confessor’s Knowledge of Augustine: An Exploration
of Evidence Derived from the Acta of the Lateran Council of 649...325

Joseph Steineger, Chicago, USA

John of Damascus on the Simplicity of God.......................................337

Scott Ables, Oxford, UK

Did John of Damascus Modify His Sources in the Expositio fidei?....355

Adrian Agachi, Winchester, UK

A Critical Analysis of the Theological Conflict between St Symeon
the New Theologian and Stephen of Nicomedia.................................363

Vladimir A. Baranov, Novosibirsk, Russia

Amphilochia 231 of Patriarch Photius as a Possible Source on the
Christology of the Byzantine Iconoclasts............................................371

Theodoros Alexopoulos, Athens, Greece

The Byzantine Filioque-Supporters in the 13th Century John Bekkos
and Konstantin Melitiniotes and their Relation with Augustine and
Thomas Aquinas...................................................................................381

Nicholas Bamford, St Albans, UK

Using Gregory Palamas’ Energetic Theology to Address John Ziziou-
las’ Existentialism................................................................................397

John Bekos, Nicosia, Cyprus

Nicholas Cabasilas’ Political Theology in an Epoch of Economic
Crisis: A Reading of a 14th-Century Political Discourse....................405
 Table of Contents 33

Volume 17
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXIX

LATIN WRITERS

Dennis Paul Quinn, Pomona, California, USA

In the Names of God and His Christ: Evil Daemons, Exorcism, and
Conversion in Firmicus Maternus........................................................3
Stanley P. Rosenberg, Oxford, UK
Nature and the Natural World in Ambrose’s Hexaemeron.................15
Brian Dunkle, S.J., South Bend, USA
Mystagogy and Creed in Ambrose’s Iam Surgit Hora Tertia.............25
Finbarr G. Clancy, S.J., Dublin, Ireland
The Eucharist in St Ambrose’s Commentaries on the Psalms............35
Jan den Boeft, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Qui cantat, vacuus est: Ambrose on singing......................................45
Crystal Lubinsky, University of Edinburgh, UK
Re-reading Masculinity in Christian Greco-Roman Culture through
Ambrose and the Female Transvestite Monk, Matrona of Perge........51
Maria E. Doerfler, Durham, USA
Keeping it in the Family: The law and the Law in Ambrose of Milan’s
Letters...................................................................................................67
Camille Gerzaguet, Lyon, France
Le De fuga saeculi d’Ambroise de Milan et sa datation. Notes de
philologie et d’histoire..........................................................................75
Vincenzo Messana, Palermo, Italia
Fra Sicilia e Burdigala nel IV secolo: gli intellettuali Citario e Vit-
torio (Ausonius, Prof. 13 e 22).............................................................85
Edmon L. Gallagher, Florence, Alabama, USA
Jerome’s Prologus Galeatus and the OT Canon of North Africa.......99
Christine McCann, Northfield, VT, USA
Incentives to Virtue: Jerome’s Use of Biblical Models.......................107
Christa Gray, Oxford, UK
The Monk and the Ridiculous: Comedy in Jerome’s Vita Malchi......115
34 Table of Contents

Zachary Yuzwa, Cornell University, USA

To Live by the Example of Angels: Dialogue, Imitation and Identity
in Sulpicius Severus’ Gallus................................................................123

Robert McEachnie, Gainesville, USA

Envisioning the Utopian Community in the Sermons of Chromatius
of Aquileia............................................................................................131

Hernán M. Giudice, Buenos Aires, Argentina

El Papel del Apóstol Pablo en la Propuesta Priscilianista..................139

Bernard Green, Oxford, UK

Leo the Great on Baptism: Letter 16...................................................149

Fabian Sieber, Leuven, Belgium

Christologische Namen und Titel in der Paraphrase des Johannes-
Evangeliums des Nonnos von Panopolis.............................................159

Junghoo Kwon, Toronto, Canada

The Latin Pseudo-Athanasian De trinitate Attributed to Eusebius of
Vercelli and its Place of Composition: Spain or Northern Italy?.......169

Salvatore Costanza, Agrigento, Italia

Cartagine in Salviano di Marsiglia: alcune puntualizzazioni.............175

Giulia Marconi, Perugia, Italy

Commendatio in Ostrogothic Italy: Studies on the Letters of Enno-
dius of Pavia.........................................................................................187

Lucy Grig, Edinburgh, UK

Approaching Popular Culture in Late Antiquity: Singing in the Ser-
mons of Caesarius of Arles..................................................................197

Thomas S. Ferguson, Riverdale, New York, USA

Grace and Kingship in De aetatibus mundi et hominis of Planciades
Fulgentius.............................................................................................205

Jérémy Delmulle, Paris, France

Establishing an Authentic List of Prosper’s Works.............................213

Albertus G.A. Horsting, Notre Dame, USA

Reading Augustine with Pleasure: The Original Form of Prosper of
Aquitaine’s Book of Epigrams.............................................................233
 Table of Contents 35

Michele Cutino, Palermo, Italy

Prosper and the Pagans........................................................................257

Norman W. James, St Albans, UK

Prosper of Aquitaine Revisited: Gallic Friend of Leo I or Resident
Papal Adviser?.....................................................................................267

Alexander Y. Hwang, Louisville, USA

Prosper of Aquitaine and the Fall of Rome.........................................277

Brian J. Matz, Helena, USA

Legacy of Prosper of Aquitaine in the Ninth-Century Predestination
Debate...................................................................................................283

Raúl Villegas Marín, Paris, France, and Barcelona, Spain

Original Sin in the Provençal Ascetic Theology: John Cassian.........289

Pere Maymó i Capdevila, Barcelona, Spain

A Bishop Faces War: Gregory the Great’s Attitude towards Ariulf’s
Campaign on Rome (591-592)..............................................................297

Hector Scerri, Msida, Malta

Life as a Journey in the Letters of Gregory the Great........................305

Theresia Hainthaler, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Canon 13 of the Second Council of Seville (619) under Isidore of
Seville. A Latin Anti-Monophysite Treatise........................................311

NACHLEBEN

Gerald Cresta, Buenos Aires, Argentine

From Dionysius’ thearchia to Bonaventure’s hierarchia: Assimilation
and Evolution of the Concept...............................................................325

Lesley-Anne Dyer, Notre Dame, USA

The Twelfth-Century Influence of Hilary of Poitiers on Richard of
St Victor’s De trinitate.........................................................................333

John T. Slotemaker, Boston, USA

Reading Augustine in the Fourteenth Century: Gregory of Rimini
and Pierre d’Ailly on the Imago Trinitatis...........................................345
36 Table of Contents

Jeffrey C. Witt, Boston, USA

Interpreting Augustine: On the Nature of ‘Theological Knowledge’
in the Fourteenth Century....................................................................359

Joost van Rossum, Paris, France

Creation-Theology in Gregory Palamas and Theophanes of Nicaea,
Compatible or Incompatible?...............................................................373

Yilun Cai, Leuven, Belgium

The Appeal to Augustine in Domingo Bañez’ Theology of Effica-
cious Grace...........................................................................................379

Elizabeth A. Clark, Durham, USA

Romanizing Protestantism in Nineteenth-Century America: John
Williamson Nevin, the Fathers, and the ‘Mercersburg Theology’......385

Pier Franco Beatrice, University of Padua, Italy

Reading Elizabeth A. Clark, Founding the Fathers............................395

Kenneth Noakes, Wimborne, Dorset, UK

‘Fellow Citizens with you and your Great Benefactors’: Newman and
the Fathers in the Parochial Sermons..................................................401

Manuela E. Gheorghe, Olomouc, Czech Republic

The Reception of Hesychia in Romanian Literature...........................407

Jason Radcliff, Edinburgh, UK

Thomas F. Torrance’s Conception of the Consensus patrum on the
Doctrine of Pneumatology...................................................................417

Andrew Lenox-Conyngham, Birmingham, UK

In Praise of St Jerome and Against the Anglican Cult of ‘Niceness’.435

Volume 18
STUDIA PATRISTICA LXX

ST AUGUSTINE AND HIS OPPONENTS

Kazuhiko Demura, Okayama, Japan

The Concept of Heart in Augustine of Hippo: Its Emergence and
Development.........................................................................................3
 Table of Contents 37

Therese Fuhrer, Berlin, Germany

The ‘Milan narrative’ in Augustine’s Confessions: Intellectual and
Material Spaces in Late Antique Milan..............................................17

Kenneth M. Wilson, Oxford, UK

Sin as Contagious in the Writings of Cyprian and Augustine............37

Marius A. van Willigen, Tilburg, The Netherlands

Ambrose’s De paradiso: An Inspiring Source for Augustine of Hippo.47

Ariane Magny, Kamloops, Canada

How Important were Porphyry’s Anti-Christian Ideas to Augustine?.55

Jonathan D. Teubner, Cambridge, UK

Augustine’s De magistro: Scriptural Arguments and the Genre of
Philosophy............................................................................................63

Marie-Anne Vannier, Université de Lorraine-MSH Lorraine, France

La mystagogie chez S. Augustin..........................................................73

Joseph T. Lienhard, S.J., Bronx, New York, USA

Locutio and sensus in Augustine’s Writings on the Heptateuch.........79

Laela Zwollo, Centre for Patristic Research, University of Tilburg, The

Netherlands
St Augustine on the Soul’s Divine Experience: Visio intellectualis
and Imago dei from Book XII of De genesi ad litteram libri XII......85

Enrique A. Eguiarte, Madrid, Spain

The Exegetical Function of Old Testament Names in Augustine’s
Commentary on the Psalms.................................................................93

Mickaël Ribreau, Paris, France

À la frontière de plusieurs controverses doctrinales: L’Enarratio au
Psaume 118 d’Augustin........................................................................99

Wendy Elgersma Helleman, Plateau State, Nigeria

Augustine and Philo of Alexandria’s ‘Sarah’ as a Wisdom Figure (De
Civitate Dei XV 2f.; XVI 25-32).........................................................105

Paul van Geest, Tilburg and Amsterdam, The Netherlands

St Augustine on God’s Incomprehensibility, Incarnation and the
Authority of St John.............................................................................117
38 Table of Contents

Piotr M. Paciorek, Miami, USA

The Metaphor of ‘the Letter from God’ as Applied to Holy Scripture
by Saint Augustine...............................................................................133

John Peter Kenney, Colchester, Vermont, USA

Apophasis and Interiority in Augustine’s Early Writings...................147

Karl F. Morrison, Princeton, NJ, USA

Augustine’s Project of Self-Knowing and the Paradoxes of Art: An
Experiment in Biblical Hermeneutics..................................................159

Tarmo Toom, Washington, D.C., USA

Was Augustine an Intentionalist? Authorial Intention in Augustine’s
Hermeneutics........................................................................................185

Francine Cardman, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA

Discerning the Heart: Intention as Ethical Norm in Augustine’s
Homilies on 1 John..............................................................................195

Samuel Kimbriel, Cambridge, UK

Illumination and the Practice of Inquiry in Augustine.......................203

Susan Blackburn Griffith, Oxford, UK

Unwrapping the Word: Metaphor in the Augustinian Imagination....213

Paula J. Rose, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

‘Videbit me nocte proxima, sed in somnis’: Augustine’s Rhetorical
Use of Dream Narratives.....................................................................221

Jared Ortiz, Washington, D.C., USA

The Deep Grammar of Augustine’s Conversion.................................233

Emmanuel Bermon, University of Bordeaux, France

Grammar and Metaphysics: About the Forms essendi, essendo,
essendum, and essens in Augustine’s Ars grammatica breuiata
(IV, 31 Weber)......................................................................................241

Gerald P. Boersma, Durham, UK

Enjoying the Trinity in De uera religione...........................................251

Emily Cain, New York, NY, USA

Knowledge Seeking Wisdom: A Pedagogical Pattern for Augustine’s
De trinitate...........................................................................................257
 Table of Contents 39

Michael L. Carreker, Macon, Georgia, USA

The Integrity of Christ’s Scientia and Sapientia in the Argument of
the De trinitate of Augustine...............................................................265

Dongsun Cho, Fort Worth, Texas, USA

An Apology for Augustine’s Filioque as a Hermeneutical Referent
to the Immanent Trinity.......................................................................275

Ronnie J. Rombs, Dallas, USA

The Grace of Creation and Perfection as Key to Augustine’s Confes-
sions......................................................................................................285

Matthias Smalbrugge, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Image as a Hermeneutic Model in Confessions X..............................295

Naoki Kamimura, Tokyo, Japan

The Consultation of Sacred Books and the Mediator: The Sortes in
Augustine..............................................................................................305

Eva-Maria Kuhn, Munich, Germany

Listening to the Bishop: A Note on the Construction of Judicial
Authority in Confessions VI 3-5.......................................................... 317

Jangho Jo, Waco, USA

Augustine’s Three-Day Lecture in Carthage.......................................331

Alicia Eelen, Leuven, Belgium

1Tim. 1:15: Humanus sermo or Fidelis sermo? Augustine’s Sermo
174 and its Christology.........................................................................339

Han-luen Kantzer Komline, South Bend, IN, USA

‘Ut in illo uiueremus’: Augustine on the Two Wills of Christ...........347

George C. Berthold, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA

Dyothelite Language in Augustine’s Christology................................357

Chris Thomas, Central University College, Accra, Ghana

Donatism and the Contextualisation of Christianity: A Cautionary
Tale.......................................................................................................365

Jane E. Merdinger, Incline Village, Nevada, USA

Before Augustine’s Encounter with Emeritus: Early Mauretanian
Donatism...............................................................................................371
40 Table of Contents

James K. Lee, Southern Methodist University, TX, USA

The Church as Mystery in the Theology of St Augustine..................381

Charles D. Robertson, Houston, USA

Augustinian Ecclesiology and Predestination: An Intractable Prob-
lem?......................................................................................................401

Brian Gronewoller, Atlanta, USA

Felicianus, Maximianism, and Augustine’s Anti-Donatist Polemic....409

Marianne Djuth, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, USA

Augustine on the Saints and the Community of the Living and the
Dead......................................................................................................419

Bart van Egmond, Kampen, The Netherlands

Perseverance until the End in Augustine’s Anti-Donatist Polemic.....433

Carles Buenacasa Pérez, Barcelona, Spain

The Letters Ad Donatistas of Augustine and their Relevance in the
Anti-Donatist Controversy...................................................................439

Ron Haflidson, Edinburgh, UK

Imitation and the Mediation of Christ in Augustine’s City of God....449

Julia Hudson, Oxford, UK

Leaves, Mice and Barbarians: The Providential Meaning of Incidents
in the De ordine and De ciuitate Dei..................................................457

Shari Boodts, Leuven, Belgium

A Critical Assessment of Wolfenbüttel Herz.-Aug.-Bibl. Cod. Guelf.
237 (Helmst. 204) and its Value for the Edition of St Augustine’s
Sermones ad populum..........................................................................465

Lenka Karfíková, Prague, Czech Repubic

Augustine to Nebridius on the Ideas of Individuals (ep. 14,4)............477

Pierre Descotes, Paris, France

Deux lettres sur l’origine de l’âme: Les Epistulae 166 et 190 de saint
Augustin...............................................................................................487

Nicholas J. Baker-Brian, Cardiff, Wales, UK

Women in Augustine’s Anti-Manichaean Writings: Rumour, Rheto-
ric, and Ritual.......................................................................................499
 Table of Contents 41

Michael W. Tkacz, Spokane, Washington, USA

Occasionalism and Augustine’s Builder Analogy for Creation...........521

Kelly E. Arenson, Pittsburgh, USA

Augustine’s Defense and Redemption of the Body.............................529

Catherine Lefort, Paris, France

À propos d’une source inédite des Soliloques d’Augustin: La notion
cicéronienne de «vraisemblance» (uerisimile / similitudo ueri).........539

Kenneth B. Steinhauser, St Louis, Missouri, USA

Curiosity in Augustine’s Soliloquies: Agitur enim de sanitate oculo-
rum tuorum...........................................................................................547

Frederick H. Russell, Newark, New Jersey USA

Augustine’s Contradictory Just War.....................................................553

Kimberly F. Baker, Latrobe, Pennsylvania, USA

Transfiguravit in se: The Sacramentality of Augustine’s Doctrine of
the Totus Christus.................................................................................559

Mark G. Vaillancourt, New York, USA

The Eucharistic Realism of St Augustine: Did Paschasius Radbertus
Get Him Right? An Examination of Recent Scholarship on the Ser-
mons of St Augustine...........................................................................569

Martin Bellerose, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombie

Le sens pétrinien du mot paroikóv comme source de l’idée augus-
tinienne de peregrinus..........................................................................577

Gertrude Gillette, Ave Maria, USA

Anger and Community in the Rule of Augustine...............................591

Robert Horka, Faculty of Roman Catholic Theology, Comenius University

Bratislava, Slovakia
Curiositas ductrix: Die negative und positive Beziehung des hl.
Augustinus zur Neugierde....................................................................601

Paige E. Hochschild, Mount St Mary’s University, USA

Unity of Memory in De musica VI.....................................................611

Ali Bonner, Cambridge, UK

The Manuscript Transmission of Pelagius’ Ad Demetriadem: The
Evidence of Some Manuscript Witnesses............................................619
42 Table of Contents

Peter J. van Egmond, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Pelagius and the Origenist Controversy in Palestine...........................631

Rafa¥ Toczko, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

Rome as the Basis of Argument in the So-called Pelagian Contro-
versy (415-418)......................................................................................649

Nozomu Yamada, Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan

The Influence of Chromatius and Rufinus of Aquileia on Pelagius
– as seen in his Key Ascetic Concepts: exemplum Christi, sapientia
and imperturbabilitas...........................................................................661

Matthew J. Pereira, New York, USA

From Augustine to the Scythian Monks: Social Memory and the
Doctrine of Predestination...................................................................671