Chapter I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

Egyptians were responsible for the origin of perfume. They utilized

scents in everything from religious ceremonies to burial preparations and even
daily wear. The rich elites if Egyptians society, male and female alike, would
adorn themselves with aromas like lily to denote their status. The Persians took
over the use of perfume as a sign of political status, but it wasn’t until the Greeks
and Romans became acquainted with it that it began to be viewed as a form of
art and produced an en masse and in consistent quality.

Perfumes make its way around the world. The common problem in
perfumes nowadays is sometimes a very strong scented that it hurts on our
noses. It can also cause rashes for those who have sensitive skin. Some
Perfume smells good on the first application but then fades away after a while.
These are the problems in artificial perfumes. The researchers thought of an
alternative way to make an aroma compound out of essential oils extracted from
a certain flower that will capture people’s preference. An aroma compound is
typically made from essential oils extracted from flowers and spices, used to
impact a pleasant smell to one’s body or clothes. Flowers emit a sweet perfume
that attracts not only pollinating insects, but human being.

They chose genus Rosa as their main ingredient because of its characteristics
and delightful scent to make an aroma compound. The genus Rosa which
belongs to the family of Rosacae and the subfamily Rosoldeae, comprises
hundreds of species and thousands of cultivars. Roses are undoubtedly, one of
the most economically important and favorite ornamental and aromatic plants in
the floriculture industry. Millions of rose bushes are planted in gardens or pots
and billions of rose cut
flowers are sold annually around the world (Khosh-Khui and Teixera da Silva,
2007).

Statement of the Problem

The research on aroma compound extracted from genus Rosa Petals

sought answers to the following specific questions:

1. Is genus Rosa’s petal extract feasible as a main ingredient to create an aroma

compound?

2. Is there a significant difference between extracted natural oil and artificial

fragrance as a main ingredient on creating an aroma compound?

3. What makes the rose different among the other flowers as a main ingredient
on creating an aroma compound?

Scope and Delimitation

This study was focused on the use of genus Rosa petal extract on making
a fragrant solution. We are doing the study to determine the effectiveness of the
scent of rose petal extract as a main ingredient on making a fragrant solution.
The study will be conducted on the second quarter of the first semester of school
Year 2020-2021. We are going to gather our data in our experiment study and
form the convenience sampling here in our community. Our respondents are
selected individuals who are willing, available, and easy to reach in amidst of this
pandemic.

Significance of the Study

The success of this study will benefit the following:

The Perfume Makers. The outcome of this research will give them an idea
how effective is the petal extract of genus Rosa as the main ingredient on making
an aroma compound.

The Students. Students are the future innovators and floor of the country,
as for the continuation of the study the students might think beyond the
researchers’ output, for the future outcome of the genus Rosa’s petal extract as a
main ingredient of making an aroma compound into new discovery and
innovation related to it.

The Teachers. Educators will be the one who lead to apply the new
research and its findings by the means of educating something new to the
students.

Future Researchers. This will serve as a guide in making a better product

in the field of scents. Moreover, this may encourage them to produce and
innovate a better output.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Roses

Plants produce essential oils in different type of structures. Most of them

come from leaves and stems such as sandalwood, eucalyptus, and peppermint.
Only a few are obtained from flowers such as lavender, jasmine, and rose (Hay
and Svoda ). Roses have a long history of cultivation since they have been
cultivated as ornamentals for more than 2000 years (Guoliang, 2003). Hundreds
of species and thousands of cultivars make up the genus Rosa, which belongs to
the Rosaceae family and subfamily Rosoldeae. Roses are without doubt one of
the floriculture industry’s most economically valuable and common ornamental
and aromatic plants. Every year, millions of rose bushes are planted in gardens
or path around the world, and billions of rose cut flowers are sold (Khosh-Khui
and Teixera da Silva, 2007).

Only a few species among hundreds in the genus Rosa are scented
(Gudin, 2000), which include Rosa damascena Mill., R. Herm., R. centifolia Linn.,
R. moschata Herrm., R. bourboniana Desportes., R. chinensis Jacq., ans R. alba
Linn (Kaur et al., 2007). Among these, only the first four species are highly prized
for oil production (Tucker and Maciarello, 1988). The fragrance of the rose flower
captured by extraction is one of the most valuable flavor and fragrance products
used. The oil, flavor, and fragrance products of these species, like rose oil, rose
water, rose concrete, and rose absolute, are used in foods, cosmetics,
perfumery, beverages, soft drinks, ice-creams, and aroma in ointments and
lotions (Douglas, 2001; Pati, et al., 2001; Douglas, 1993 ; Rusanov et al., 2005).

Essential oil

Essential oils are compounds extracted from plants. The oils capture the
plant’s scent and flavor or “essence.” Unique aromatic compounds give each
essential oil its characteristics essence. Essential oils are obtained through
distillation via water or mechanical methods such as cold pressing.

Once the aromatic chemicals have been extracted, they are combined
with a carrier oil to create product that’s ready for use. The way the oils are made
is important, as essential oils obtained though chemical processes are not
considered true essential oils (West, 2019).

The essential oils are free-flowing, much like water, have no oily feel to them,
evaporate quickly and are a lot more expensive than the concretes, absolutes
and oil blends. Essential oil should be stored in tightly sealed, dark colored glass
bottles because light, air and excessive heat will quickly degrade them (Vankar,
2004).

REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDIES

Fragrance is one of the most desirable traits of roses are considered a

high quality consumer luxury product that is in increasing demand (Schulz,
2003). Studies performed in rose fragrance have described the volatile
compounds emitted by rose flowers, some of their biochemical pathways and
genes however these studies have not related the amount of volatiles produced
by cut rose cultivars with flower vas life (Flament et al., 1993; Oka et al., 1999;
Kim et al, 2000; Land et al; 2002; Scalliet et al 2002; Joichi et al; 2005). Studies
to date have focused on observations of scent among species. (Croat 1980)
reported many scents are faint while others are very strong.

The purpose of this research was to study the effectivity of genus Rosa’s
petal extract to produce an aromatic compound. There are various methods of
extracting of essentials oils, extraction is the oldest and least complex. For
essential oil extraction, the genus Rosa’s Petal is mixed with solvent. Common
solvents employed in extraction are dichloromethane, ether, hexane, methylene
chloride and pentane (Dobson, 1991). Flower materials are manually pressed
until all the oils are squeezed out (Coelho et al; 2012)
 HYPOTHESIS

𝑯𝒐𝟏 The genus Rosa’s petal extract is not effective enough as a main ingredient
to create an aroma compound.

𝑯𝒂𝟏 The genus Rosa’s petal extract is effective enough as a main ingredient to
create an aroma compound.

𝑯𝒐𝟐 There is no significant difference between extracted essential oil from the
petal of rose as a solution to the artificial fragrance.

𝑯𝒂𝟐 There is a significant difference between extracted essential oil from the
petal of rose as a solution to the artificial fragrance.

𝑯𝒐𝟑 Rose doesn’t makes any difference with other types of flowers as a main
ingredient on creating an aroma compound.

𝑯𝒂𝟑 Rose makes any difference with other types of flowers as a main ingredient
on creating an aroma compound.

Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Dependent Variable

Genus Rosa Petal Extract Aroma Compound

Figure 1. The Schematic Diagram of the Independent and Dependent Variable

of the Study
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Gathering
Separating
Rose petals, water, gin Preparing GENUS ROSA AROMA
Mixing COMPOUND
Soaking
Squeezing
Creating

Figure 2. The Schematic Diagram of the Input-Process-Output of the Study.

The conceptual frameworks show the relationship between genus Rosa

and Aroma Compound. In Figure 1, the independent variable is the genus Rosa
Petal Extract which is used to create an aroma compound as the dependent
variable of the research. Figure 2 is the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model. The
genus Rosa petal extract, as the input, will undergo various processes like
gathering, separating, preparing, mixing, soaking, squeezing, and creating, in
order to produce an aroma compound which is the output of the study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally as used in the
used in the research study to allow the reader to make sense if what is presented
in the subsequent chapters.

1. Rose- A woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family
of Rosaceae that can be erect Shrubs, Climbing, or trailing, with stems
that are often armed with prickles.
2. Aroma Compound - Are hydroethanolic solutions prepared from aromatic
chemicals and essential oils.
3. Essential oils - Are compounds extracted from plants with unique
aromatic compounds.
4. Aroma - A distinctive, typically pleasant smell.
5. Extraction - The action of taking out something, especially using effort of
force.
 Chapter III
METHODOLOGY

In this part, the Materials needed, Sampling Methods and Procedure with
its table for the record of all possible analysis of each of the samples and
the Statistical Treatment of the research will be shown and all be
inculcated in this section.
Research Design
The research is all about the effectivity of genus Rosa’s petal
extract as main ingredient on creating an aroma compound. The research
design is true experimental research because of the proportions which the
researcher would like to vary on the study through smell identification test
using perfume test paper to measure the fragrance of the rose petal
extract. Materials Used
For the production of the rose aroma compound, the materials used
were 500g of rose petals, 700 mL of gin, and 250 mL of water. The
equipment that was used in the study were a bucket for the measured
amount of rose petals, a bucket for the measured amount water, a
spatula, frosted 10 ml roll-on roller glass bottle, and 3 pairs of disposable
gloves.

Procedure

Phase 1: Gathering of raw materials for the production of rose aroma

compound.
The researchers gathered roses in the nearest agriculture area.
They separated the petals among the buds, leaves and stem. The
researchers also bought gin and the needed materials in the study,
combined all the ingredients and soak the mixture for a month.
Phase 2: Production of rose aroma compound.
The researcher prepared all the materials needed and after that,
the researchers wear disposable gloves and squeezed the soaked rose
petals.
After that they put the extract in the container, tested the scent and put it
on roll-on roller glass bottle.

Statistical Treatment
The responses made by chosen individuals describing how
effective is genus Rosa as a main ingredient on creating an aroma
compound and anticipated problems are presented. In form of survey
questionnaire

• Is rose petal extract effective as a main ingredient on creating an aroma

compound?
• What’s the difference between the scents of the rose among the other
flowers in an aroma compound? Why?
• Does the product produce a pleasant smell?
• Thus product gives satisfying fragrance or smell when using it?
• In your own opinion, would other people like the scent of the genus Rosa
aroma compound?

Responses to the questionnaire by the respondents were

statistically analyzed with the data requirements of the study. The Chosen
individuals were statistically analyzed with data instruments of the study,
and discuss using Descriptive method.