Scribd
Upload
2K views2 pages

Biology For Grade 11

Biology is the study of living things, including their structures, functions, and relationships with the environment. It includes many subdisciplines like microbiology, botany, zoology, cytology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, evolution, ecology, and molecular biology. A key debate in the early history of biology was whether life arose spontaneously from nonliving matter or required preexisting life, known as spontaneous generation versus biogenesis. This debate was settled by experiments showing that life only arises from other living organisms, including the work of Pasteur. Biology seeks to understand the basic processes that allow organisms to acquire energy and nutrients, maintain internal stability, and respond to their surroundings.

Uploaded by

sheep
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views2 pages

Biology For Grade 11

Biology is the study of living things, including their structures, functions, and relationships with the environment. It includes many subdisciplines like microbiology, botany, zoology, cytology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, evolution, ecology, and molecular biology. A key debate in the early history of biology was whether life arose spontaneously from nonliving matter or required preexisting life, known as spontaneous generation versus biogenesis. This debate was settled by experiments showing that life only arises from other living organisms, including the work of Pasteur. Biology seeks to understand the basic processes that allow organisms to acquire energy and nutrients, maintain internal stability, and respond to their surroundings.

Uploaded by

sheep
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

● Biology – is the study of animals, plants, microbiology.

● – means “study of life”


● – deals with structures, functions, and relationships of living things and their environment.
● Microbiology – study of microorganism
● Botany – study of plants
● Zoology – study of animals
● Aristotle – father of biology
● Bio – means life
● Logos – means reason or study
● Taxonomy – naming and classifying organisms. Carolus Linnaues (father)
● Cytology – structures and functions of cells
● Embryology – formation and development of organisms.
● Anatomy – structures and parts of organisms
● Physiology – functions of living organisms and their parts
● Biochemistry – chemical compositions of living things
● Genetics – heredity and variation. Gregor Mendel (father of genetics)
● Evolution – origin and differentiation of various organisms. Charles Darwin (father)
● Ecology – Relationships of organisms with their environment and each other.
● Molecular biology – molecules that make up or influence the cells of living organisms.
● Genomics – genetic material (genome) of an organism
● Proteomics – proteins in a living organism
● Immunology – immune system and processes of immunity
● Bioinformatics – biological data using computer programs.
● Theory of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis – the idea that life could appear from nonliving
material. This idea is proposed by Aristotle.
● Biogenesis – the belief that life originates from preexisting life.
● Redi’s experiment – he concluded that life arose from living matter. (Francesco Redi)
● Needham’s – life in the broth was caused by spontaneous generation. He agreed with Aristotle’s
abiogenesis. (John Needham)
● Spallanzani’s – life occurred from something that entered the unsealed flask. (Lazzaro
Spallanzani)
● Pasteur’s – new bacteria appear only when they are produced by existing bacteria. (Louis
Pasteur)
● Divine creation – it is believed that life forms and everything in the universe were created
through a supernatural power rather than naturalistic means.
● Creationism – the belief that life arose from nothing but the power of a divine being.
● Spontaneous origin – life evolved from inanimate matter.
● Panspermia – a meteor or cosmic dust may have carried to earth significant amounts of organic
molecules, which started the evolution of life.
● Energy – the ability of organisms to do work and allows them to perform vital activities.
● Cellular respiration – the process by which energy is released.
● Metabolism – all chemical processes, reactions, and energy changes happening inside the body
of an organism.
● Nutrition – the process by which organisms acquire food.
● Homeostasis – the maintenance of the body’s internal environment.
● Motility or locomotion – the ability to move from one place to another.
● Tropism or response – the reaction of organism to stimuli.

You might also like