MODULE 3: MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Objectives:
By the end of this module students will have completed the following
objectives:
Learn the different models proposed to explain the
communication process: and
Break down a sample interaction using a communication model
To do List
Choose one communication model and look for any TV show or
movie clip which perfectly illustrates the interaction described in
the model. Make sure that all elements are present.
Watch Lectures
Take Quiz 2
Lectures/ Discussions
Models of Communication
I. Aristotle’s Speaker-Centered Model
Aristotle’s model focuses on the speaker. It describes a
one-way interaction and is most applicable for public
speaking (Narula, 2006). According to the model,
communication starts when the speaker develops proof or
the argument used for persuasion. The proof will then be
organized, written in the most convincing way, and then
presented before an audience.
Speaker…
Discovers rational (logos), emotional
(pathos) and ethical (ethos) proofs
Arranges those proofs strategically
Clothes the ideas in clear and
compelling words
Delivers the product appropriately
Invention Arrangement Style Delivery Memory
II. Schramm’s Model of Communication
In 1954, Wilbur Schramm, an American scholar, proposed that encoding
or the act of transforming a message into a verbal or non-verbal medium,
and decoding the act of interpreting the message, are simultaneously
done by the speaker and the listener.
Elements:
• Source – speaker – encodes
• Destination – receiver – decodes the message
• Schramm’s model of communication highlights the importance of an
overlap in the communicator’s FIELD OF EXPERIENCE in order
communication may occur.
• The common FIELD OF EXPERIENCE illustrates the shared meanings
that communicators possess without which communication is
impossible.
• Depicts the dual roles of communicators where they can be both
senders and receivers or decoders.
• The model also illustrate the circular sequential process in which one
person interacts with another who then send FEEDBACK to the first
person.
III. Source-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) Model
MESSAGE
SENDER CHANNEL RECEIVER
FEEDBACK
Berlo’s SMCR Model
This model is proposed by David Berlo (1960). It suggests five elements in the
communication process, namely, the sender, or the source of the message; the
message, which is the idea sent by the sender; the channel, which is the medium
through which the idea is sent; the receiver, who gets the message; and the
feedback, or the response of the receiver.
IV. Linear, Interactive, and Transactional Models
Other rhetoricians and communications specialist also came up with their own
communication models; however, their works are complicated and difficult to
comprehend. The linear, interactive, and transactional models which were
proposed by adler & Rodman (2011) do not only present comparatively simpler
structures but also provide meaningful understanding to communication.
A. The Linear Communication Model
Sender Encodes Message Receiver
Decodes
C
hannel Channel
The linear communication model illustrates communication as a one-way activity
where message or information flows from the speaker to the listener. This means
that the transmission of message starts from an active sender and ends with the
passive receiver.
B. The Interactive Communication Model
Sender Encodes Message Decodes Receiver
Feedback Feedback
Receiver Decodes Message Encodes Sender
Channel (s) Channel (s)
The interactive communication model shows a two-way exchange which features
the element of feedback. The sender composes and delivers a message to a
receiver, who in return composes and delivers a response. Interactions which
re&uires both parties to response, such as job interview or telephone
conversation, exemplify this communication model.
C. The Transactional Communication Model
Compared to the previous models, the transactional communication model uses the
term participants or communicators to refer to the sender and receiver. It also
includes additional elements of noise and environment. Noise indicates the possibility
of unsuccessful communication. Environment refers not only to the physical, social,
psychological, cultural, and historical contexts, but also to the personal history and
schema which every participant brings to the interaction. The schema is the
participant’s knowledge of the world or his/her accumulated experiences. It affects the
way a participant interprets information.
Activities
Choose one communication model and look for any T.V
show or movie clip which perfectly illustrates the interaction
described in the model. Make sure that all the elements are
present. Analyse the scene and include your analization on
your video. Send the link to your teacher where he can
evaluate your presentation.
Your presentation will be assessed using the following
rubrics: ( markings -1-5)
1. Content
2. Organization
3. Originality
4. Use of graphics
5. Delivery
6. Overall impact
Scoring:
Poor 6 Very Good 19-24
Fair 7-12 Excellent 25-30
Good 13-18
Take Quiz 2 (10 items – Identification)
References
Oral Communication For Senior High School
By: Edroslyn J. Fernandez, Ph.D., Arnulfo S. Masong, and
Raissa Z. Samillano
Oral Communication in Context
By: Allen M. Gulas, Vilma S. delos Santos, et. Al.
SAINT ROSE OF LIMA
(LAS PINAS) SCHOOL
917 Tramo St., D. Fajardo, Las Pinas City
Tel. No.: 829-1249 / Email: srllp@yahoo.com
WORKSHEET – MODULE 3
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
DIRECTIONS: Identify what or who is described in each item. Write your answer on
the blank before after each number.
1. _____________________ the model that illustrates communication as a one-
way activity where message or information flows from the speaker to listener.
2. _____________________ a person’s knowledge of the world or his/her
accumulated experiences.
3. _____________________ the model in which the receiver or decoder provides
feedback as soon as the message is understood and responses are gathered,
formed, and arranged logically.
4. _____________________ the philosopher who stated that communication
process starts with the discovery of proof or argument.
5. _____________________ the model showing the transmission of message
starts from an active sender and ends with the passive receiver.
6. _____________________ a concrete and simplified representation of a certain
process.
7. _____________________ the process of unlocking symbols when a message
reaches a receiver.
8. _____________________ the two-way communication model.
9. _____________________ the response composed and delivered by the
receiver.
10. ________________ the proponent of the SMCR model.
