Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
SISTEMAS DE AERONAVES
AERONÁUTICA
TEMA: Esta asignatura comprende el estudio de los principales sistemas de una
aeronave. Se analizará el funcionamiento y diagramas de bloques de los
diferentes sistemas hidráulico y neumático, oxigeno, presurización, aire
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acondicionado, tren de aterrizaje y sistemas de emergencia. La clase teórica
fortalece el conocimiento del sistema de piloto automático y sus sistemas
complementarios hidráulico y neumático. Por medio de tareas y actividades de
laboratorio se complementaran los conocimientos de los sistemas de oxígeno,
presurización, aire acondicionado, tren de aterrizaje y sistemas de emergencia.
DOCENTE: MBA-Eng. Jorge E. Guevara C. y Carlos A. Vasquez
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Comms. Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
AGENDA
AERONÁUTICA
● Data Link System (DLS)
● Aircraft Communications, Addressing and Reporting System
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(ACARS)
● Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC)
● Communication ATA 23 (
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
AERONÁUTICA
In civil aviation, a data-link system
(known as Controller Pilot Data
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Link Communications) is used to send
information between aircraft and air
traffic controllers when an aircraft is too
far from the ATC to make voice radio
communication and radar observations
possible.
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AERONÁUTICA Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Aircraft Communications, Addressing Departamento de Aeronáutica
and Reporting System (ACARS)
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
Definition
Aircraft Communications, Addressing and Reporting System.
AERONÁUTICA
Description
ACARS (pronounced AY-CARS) is a digital data link system for the transmission of
messages between aircraft and ground stations, which has been in use since 1978.
At first it relied exclusively on VHF channels but more recently, alternative means
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of data transmission have been added which have greatly enhanced its
geographical coverage. There has also been a rapid trend towards the integration of
aircraft systems with the ACARS link. Both have led to rapid growth in its use as an
operational communications tool.
Modern ACARS equipment now includes the facility for automatic as well as
manual initiation of messaging. ARINC guidelines have been defined for all the
various avionic components of ACARS.
Facultad de Aeronáutica
AOC and AAC messages (ACARS) Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
AOC and AAC messages are used for communications between an aircraft and its
AERONÁUTICA
base(the Airline). These messages may be of standard form or as defined by users,
but all must then meet at least the guidelines of ARINC Standard 618. Any message
content is possible including such examples as:
•upload to the aircraft of final load and trim sheets;
•upload of weather or NOTAM information;
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•download from the aircraft of status, position, eta, and any diversion;
•download of spot weather observations from aircraft sensors:
•download of technical performance data including automatically triggered
exceedance or abnormal aircraft system status information, and
•'housekeeping' information such as catering uplift requirements, special passenger
advice and ETA.
Free Text messaging is also possible.
*Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC)
*Airline Administrative Control (AAC)
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AERONÁUTICA
Future of ACARS.
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
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AERONÁUTICA
CPDLC
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
Facultad de Aeronáutica
CPDLC Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
CPDLC is the primary means of communication in oceanic airspace. Other countries,
AERONÁUTICA
including those in Europe, have been early adopters of the technology for routine
communications to reduce congestion on VHF frequencies. The FAA launched a limited test
in Memphis with plans to expand it later this year to Newark and Atlanta. The agency says it
will begin deploying Data Comm, as the program has been renamed, in all control towers in
2016 and in all high-altitude control centers in 2019.
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Definition
Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) is a means of communication
between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communications. (ICAO Doc
4444: PANS-ATM)
Facultad de Aeronáutica
CPDLC Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
Description
CPDLC is a two-way data-link system by which controllers can transmit
AERONÁUTICA
non urgent 'strategic messages to an aircraft as an alternative to voice
communications. The message is displayed on a flight deck visual display.
The CPDLC application provides air-ground data communication for the
ATC service.
The controllers are provided with the capability to issue ATC clearances
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(level assignments, lateral deviations/vectoring, speed assignments, etc),
radio frequency assignments, and various requests for information.
The pilots are provided with the capability to respond to messages, to
request/receive clearances and information, and to report information.
A “free text” capability is also provided to exchange information not
conforming to defined formats.
The CPDLC is being globally implemented and currently is in different
implementation stages. The global communication procedures are detailed
in the ICAO Provisions: Annex 10 Volume III Part 1 Chapter 3. The CPDLC
message set is contained in ICAO Doc 4444: PANS-ATM, Annex 5.
Facultad de Aeronáutica
CPDLC Departamento de Aeronáutica
Data Link Services
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
The following data link services are available:
•Data Link Initiation Capability (DLIC) – this service provides the necessary
AERONÁUTICA
information to make data link communications possible between an ATSU and
aircraft. The DLIC service is executed prior to the first use of any other data link
application.
•ATC Communications Management Service (ACM) – this service provides
automated assistance to flight crew and controllers for the transfer of ATC
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communications (voice and CPDLC).
•ATC Clearances Service (ACL) – this service allows flight crews and controllers to
conduct operational exchanges – flight crews can send requests and reports and
controllers can issue clearances, instructions and notifications.
•ATC Microphone Check Service (AMC) – this service allows controllers to send an
instruction to all CPDLC capable aircraft on a given frequency (at the same time)
to verify that their voice communication equipment is not blocking a given voice
channel.
•Departure Clearance (DCL) - this service provides automated assistance for
requesting and delivering departure clearances to aircraft.
•Downstream Clearance Service (DSC) - this service is provided for flight crews
Facultad de Aeronáutica
CPDLC Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
Expected Benefits of CPDLC
•Less communication on the ATC frequency;
AERONÁUTICA
•Increased sector capacities;
•More pilot requests can be dealt with simultaneously;
•Reduced probability of miscommunication (e.g. due call sign confusion);
•Safer frequency changes, hence fewer loss of communication events.
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Facultad de Aeronáutica
CPDLC Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
Main Principles of CPDLC Exchange
The following underlying principles are applicable to the use of CPDLC:
AERONÁUTICA
•Voice and data link shall co-exist as a means of ATS communication.
Implementation of CPDLC is intended as a supplementary means of communication
to the use of voice communication.
•CPDLC shall only be used in the context of non-time-critical communications.
Time-criticality is mainly determined by the following factors: ATC traffic situation,
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end-to-end performance (systems and flight crew/controller response time) and
recovery time. Users should be aware that while a voice response is generally
expected in a few seconds the latency of CPDLC is usually much longer (up to
several minutes).
•The decision to use either voice or CPDLC shall be at the discretion of the
controller and/or pilot involved.
•The provisions regarding the use of CPDLC shall respect the following standard as
provided in ICAO Annex 11, Chapter 3, par. 3.5.1: “A controlled flight shall be under the
control of only one air traffic control unit at any given time”.
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AERONÁUTICA Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
ATA 23
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
The communication system includes:
- ATA23_1: VHF and HF systems, as well as the public address system
AERONÁUTICA
and SELCAL (Selective Calling System)
- ATA23_2: CMF / AFIS optional system, including weather uplink,
- ATA23_3: SATCOM (Satellite Communication) optional system.
Transponder (ATC) system is addressed in ATA 34.
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Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
ATA 23
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
The radio communication system allows VHF and HF communications thanks to:
- Two VHF systems, which provide: Conventional voice mode communication.
- Two HF systems, which provide: Long-range voice communication.
AERONÁUTICA
The VHF datalinks capabilities are used respectively by the AFIS (refer to ATA23_2).
VHF and HF communications are available from the three cockpit positions.
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The VHF and HF systems are compatible of SELCAL, to alert the crew if a call is received while the
frequency is not monitored.
Optional equipment include:
- A third VHF system, which provides: Conventional voice mode communication, Data communication,
- A Public Address system which is an internal communication system from the cockpit to the
passenger cabin.
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
ATA 23
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
CONTROLS
AERONÁUTICA
The management of HF and VHF is done
through controls located:
- On the Audio Panel,
- On the GP (Guidance Panel),
- On the CCD (Cursor Control Device),
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- On the MKB (Multifunction KeyBoard),
- On the RADIOS window
- On the Sidesticks.
The selection of the Public Address is performed
via:
- The Audio Panel.
Facultad de Aeronáutica
VHF SYSTEM Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
The VHF function is performed by:
- VDR 1 (VHF Datalink Radio) module located in MRC1,
- VDR 2 (VHF Datalink Radio) module located in MRC2,
AERONÁUTICA
- Antennas associated to VHF1 and VHF2,
- Digital audio buses from the MRC to the audio panel, controlled by a module within each MRC,
referred to as NIM,
- Digital microphone buses from the audio panel to the MRC, controlled by the Audio Panel,
- An analog connection from the VHF1 module to the Audio Panel 1 and 2 in case of loss of digital
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audio (NIM) or the Audio Panel amplifier.
A backup tuning of the VHF1 (VHF 2) is available using the LH MKB (respectively RH MKB), via a
dedicated bus (ARINC-429) between MKB and VIDL-G module passing through NIM module.
This backup tuning would be used in case of failure of:
- The NIM: interface controllers for management of communication with the ASCB bus,
- The ASCB bus.
Facultad de Aeronáutica
HF SYSTEM Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
The HF function is performed by:
- HF 1 composed of : o A receiver / transmitter component, o An amplifier component, o A coupler.
AERONÁUTICA
- HF 2 composed of : o A receiver / transmitter component, o An amplifier component, o A coupler.
- One antenna associated to HF1 and HF2,
- Digital audio buses from the MRC to the audio panel, controlled by a module within each MRC,
referred to as NIM, (same bus as for VHF),
- Digital microphone buses from the audio panel to the MRC, controlled by the Audio Panel
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(same bus as for VHF).
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Principle Diagram Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
This diagram shows as an example:
AERONÁUTICA
- MRC 1 modules, including the NIM, and VDR 1,
- HF 1 module,
- VHF1 and HF antennas,
- Link between the HF module and the MAU,
- Links between the MAU and MRC,
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- The Audio Panels,
- Digital audio and microphone buses controlled
respectively by the NIM (blue on the diagram)
and the Audio Panel (green on the diagram),
- The analogical connection between VDR1 and
the audio panels. The system 2 included MRC
2, MAU 2 and HF 2 is similar and the
corresponding diagram is not described.
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AERONÁUTICA
Localización de antenas
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
Facultad de Aeronáutica
SATCOM Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
SATCOM
AERONÁUTICA
The optional SATCOM allows having:
- Phone communications between the
ground and the airplane,
- Intercommunications on board
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between the flight deck and the
cabin.
When no SATCOM is installed on the
airplane, the SAT tab is still displayed,
but reflects the system not being
installed.
Facultad de Aeronáutica
SATCOM Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
The following paragraph describes the power supply of the different equipment of the SATCOM
AERONÁUTICA
system.
Electrical protection is provided:
- By Solid State Power Controllers (SSPC),
- Or by Circuit Breakers (CB).
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELai9Owmvpw
Facultad de Aeronáutica
Departamento de Aeronáutica
UDB DEPARTAMENTO DE
Tarea en parejas
AERONÁUTICA
Para ser enviada el dia miércoles 20 de octubre 2021 a las 8 pm.
Fecha de parcial miércoles 20 de octubre 2021 9 pm.
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Investigar que otros protocolos de comunicación de ARINC existen.
Investigar que empresas de comunicación de datos aeronáuticos existen.
