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Cara Hitung MPAP dan Kondisi Jantung

1. There are several methods described to calculate MPAP based on findings on echocardiogram such as TR jet velocity, PR jet velocity, or VSD gradient. MPAP is classified as normal, mild, moderate, or severe based on value. 2. Guidelines are provided for classifying the severity of aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and other valvular diseases based on Doppler and hemodynamic parameters. 3. Assessment of diastolic function and parameters such as E/A ratio, e'/a' ratio, and mitral propagation velocity are described.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
225 views6 pages

Cara Hitung MPAP dan Kondisi Jantung

1. There are several methods described to calculate MPAP based on findings on echocardiogram such as TR jet velocity, PR jet velocity, or VSD gradient. MPAP is classified as normal, mild, moderate, or severe based on value. 2. Guidelines are provided for classifying the severity of aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and other valvular diseases based on Doppler and hemodynamic parameters. 3. Assessment of diastolic function and parameters such as E/A ratio, e'/a' ratio, and mitral propagation velocity are described.

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Cara Hitung MPAP

1. Pada potongan SAX, PW di katup pulmonal, pilih PAT. MPAP = (160-PAT)/2


2. Bila ada TR, hitung Vmax TR (CW di jet TR). MPAP = Vmax TR + Est RAP
3. Bila ada TR dan PR. Hitung Vmax TR, Hitung end diastolik PR (CW di jet PR di SAX).
MPAP = (PASP + 2PAEDP)/3
PASP = RVSP  Vmax TR + est RAP
PAEDP = end diastolic PR + est RAP
4. Bila ada VSD  Hitung gradient trans VSD (potongan PLAx, CW di jet trans VSD). Hitung TDS pasien.
MPAP = TDS – gradient trans VSD (bila L-R shunt) atau
TDS + gradient trans VSD (bila R-L shunt)

Est RAP (Bonita 2ed):

Bonita (3ed  ASE Guideline)

MPAP : < 30  Normal

30-40  Mild

40-50  Moderate

>50  Severe

Aorta Stenosis

1. Hitung LVOT diameter di plax


2. PW di LVOT di apical 5 chamber ( 5 mm dari katup aorta ), hitung VTI LVOT
3. CW di katup aorta di apical 5 chamber, hitung VTI Aorta
Mild Moderate Severe
Peak velocity < 3,0 m/s 3,0 – 4,0 m/s >4,0 m/s
Mean gradient < 25 mmhg 25 – 40 mmhg >40 mmhg
Peak gradient < 20 mmhg 20 – 64 mmhg >64 mmhg
AVA >1,5 cm2 1,0 – 1,5 cm2 < 1,0 cm2
Valve area/BSA >0,85 cm2/m2 0,60 – 0,85 cm2/m2 < 0,6 cm2/m2
Velocity ratio >0,5 0,25 – 0,5 < 0,25

AVA = 0.785 x DLVCT2 x VTILVOT

Aorta regurgitasi

1. CW di katup aorta (pas di regurgitant nya) di apical 5 chamber


2. Hitung APHT nya

Mild Moderate Severe


APHT >500 ms 200 – 500 ms < 200 ms

Mitral Stenosis

1. CW di katup mitral
2. Hitung MPHT nya
3. VTI mitral flow

Mild Moderate Severe


Mean Gradient <5 mmhg 5 – 10 mmhg >10 mmhg
MPHT 71 – 139 ms 140 – 219 ms >219 ms
MVA 1,6 – 2,5 cm2 1,0 – 1,5 cm2 < 1,0 cm2

Bila repair mitral  hitung MVA efektif (Perbandingan AVA/VTI LVOT dengan MVA/VTIMV)

Bila repair mitral dan aorta  hitung MVA efektif (Perbandingan RVOT/VTI rvot dengan MVA/VTIMV)

Wilkins score

Leaflet mobility Valve thickening Valve calcification Subvalve thickening


Highly mobile with Leaflet near normal (4- Single area Minimal thickening of
retriction only tip 5mm) chordae just below
valve
Mid and base have Mid and margin Scattered area confined Thickening of chordate
reduced mobility thickening to leaflet margin up to 1/3 chordae
Move forward in Thickening entire leaflet Extending into mid Thickening extending to
diastole at base (5-8mm) portion of leaflet distal third of chordae
No / minimal move in Pronounced thickening Extensive;through most Extensive thickening
diastole all leaflet (>8-10mm) of the leaflet tissue and shortening of all
chordate down to
m.papilarry

Mitral Regurgitasi

1. Color flow di apical 4 chamber

Mild Moderate Severe


Jet area/LA <20% 20-40% >40%

CO atau SV

1. Hitung LVOT diameter di PLAX


2. PW di LVOT di apical 5 chamber ( 5 mm dari katup aorta ), hitung VTI LVOT
3. Hitung HR (R-R di ekg)

SV CO
Nilai normal 60 – 100 ml/beat 4 – 8 L/min

IVC

Disfungsi diastolic

1. E/A  PW di ujung katup mitral pada apical 4 chamber


2. e’/a’  PW di annulus katup mitral ( septal dan lateral ) dengan mode TDI
3. Mitral propagation velocity  Color flow di apical 4 chamber, m-mode tepat di katup
mitral, lalu tarik garis lurus sesuai kemiringan flow sepanjang 4 cm, lihat velocity nya.

Normal Relaksasi Compliance Restriktif


E/A 1–2 <1 1–2 >2
E/A (valsava) >1 <1 <1 >2
e’/a’ 1–2 <1 <1 >1
DT (msec) <220 >220 150 – 200 < 150
IVRT (msec) < 100 >100 60 – 100 < 60
M. Propagation >50 cm/s
velocity
E’ (lateral) >8-10 <8 <8 <8

HCM/HOCM

- Pada HOCM terdapat gradient > 30 mmhg pada saat istirahat atau > 50 mmhg setelah aktivitas.
- Gradient dihitung dengan cara PW di LVOT lalu digeser kedalam LV; dicari gradient paling tinggi.

Perikarditis konstriktif vs Kardiomiopati restriktif

Perikarditis konstriktrif Kardiomiopati Restriktif


- Septal bounce (pada saat inspirasi->septum
terdorong kea rah LV, pada saat ekspirasi ->
septum terdorong ke arah RV)
- Perikard menebal dan kalsifikasi - LV kecil dengan LA yang besar, terdapat
kemungkinan penebalan dinding
- Variasi respirasi dari peak E velocity mitral > - E/A >2, DT pendek, tidak terjadi perubahan
25% (pilih “swap” slow) perubahan signifikan dari variasi E akibat
pernafasan
- Mitral propagation velocity > 45 cm/s - Mitral propagation velocity < 45 cm/s
- TDI : peak e’ > 8 cm/s - TDI : peak e’ < 8 cm/s

QP:QS

- Hitung SV di RVOT  hitung diameter RVOT di PSAX, PW di depan katup Pulmo, VTI RVOT
- Hitung SV di LVOT  hitung diameter LVOT di PLAX, PW di depan katup Aorta, VTI LVOT
ASD

Liat ada echodrop dengan flow L-R atau R-L (apical 4ch)

Bila ada echodrop, flow (?)  bubble test atau TEE

VSD

Cari defek IVS  dari PLAx, SAX dan apikal 4ch

Dari Sax  arah shunt jam 10 atau 11  PMO, arah shunt jam 1 atau 2  SADC

Hitung gradient trans VSD dan MPAP

ToF

Cari 4 kelainan 

- RVH
- PS  CW di Sax pada katup pulmonal
- VSD
- Overiding aorta (< 50%  ToF ; >50% : DORV)

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