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Ozone Reactions with Metals & Compounds

Ozone oxidizes most metals to their highest oxidation state oxides. It also oxidizes nitrogen compounds like nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide and further to nitrate radical. Ozone oxidizes alkenes through ozonolysis, cleaving the carbon-carbon double bond to form alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids depending on the workup. Ozone can also cleave alkynes to form acid anhydrides or diketones.

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104 views3 pages

Ozone Reactions with Metals & Compounds

Ozone oxidizes most metals to their highest oxidation state oxides. It also oxidizes nitrogen compounds like nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide and further to nitrate radical. Ozone oxidizes alkenes through ozonolysis, cleaving the carbon-carbon double bond to form alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids depending on the workup. Ozone can also cleave alkynes to form acid anhydrides or diketones.

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vibhu
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With metals[edit]

Ozone will oxidize most metals (except gold, platinum, and iridium) to oxides of the metals in


their highest oxidation state. For example:
Cu + O
3 → CuO + O

Ag + O
3 → AgO + O

With nitrogen and carbon compounds[edit]


Ozone also oxidizes nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide:
NO + O
3 → NO

2 + O

This reaction is accompanied by chemiluminescence. The NO


2 can be further oxidized to nitrate radical:

NO
2 + O

3 → NO

3 + O

The NO
3 formed can react with NO

2 to form N

2O

5 .
Solid nitronium perchlorate can be made from NO2, ClO2, and O
3 gases:

NO
2 + ClO

2 + 2 O

3 → NO

2ClO

4 + 2 O

Ozone does not react with ammonium salts, but it


oxidizes ammonia to ammonium nitrate:
2 NH
3 + 4 O

3 → NH

4NO

3 + 4 O

2 + H

2O

Ozone reacts with carbon to form carbon dioxide, even at room


temperature:
C + 2 O
3 → CO

2 + 2 O

2
With sulfur compounds[edit]
Ozone oxidizes sulfides to sulfates. For example, lead(II) sulfide is
oxidized to lead(II) sulfate:
PbS + 4 O3 → PbSO4 + 4 O2
Sulfuric acid can be produced from ozone, water and either
elemental sulfur or sulfur dioxide:
S + H2O + O3 → H2SO4
3 SO2 + 3 H2O + O3 → 3 H2SO4
In the gas phase, ozone reacts with hydrogen sulfide to
form sulfur dioxide:
H2S + O3 → SO2 + H2O
In an aqueous solution, however, two competing
simultaneous reactions occur, one to produce
elemental sulfur, and one to produce sulfuric acid:
H2S + O3 → S + O2 + H2O
3 H2S + 4 O3 → 3 H2SO4
With alkenes and
alkynes[edit]
Main article: ozonolysis
Alkenes can be oxidatively cleaved by
ozone, in a process called ozonolysis,
giving alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and
carboxylic acids, depending on the second
step of the workup.

Ozone can also cleave alkynes to form


an acid anhydride or diketone product.[31] If
the reaction is performed in the presence
of water, the anhydride hydrolyzes to give
two carboxylic acids.

Usually ozonolysis is carried out in a


solution of dichloromethane, at a
temperature of −78 °C. After a
sequence of cleavage and
rearrangement, an organic ozonide is
formed. With reductive workup
(e.g. zinc in acetic acid or dimethyl
sulfide), ketones and aldehydes will be
formed, with oxidative workup (e.g.
aqueous or alcoholic hydrogen
peroxide), carboxylic acids will be
formed.[32]

Other substrates[edit]
All three atoms of ozone may also
react, as in the reaction of tin(II)
chloride with hydrochloric acid and
ozone:
Iodine perchlorate can be made by
treating iodine dissolved in
cold anhydrous perchloric
acid with ozone:
Ozone could also react with
potassium iodide to give
oxygen and iodine gas :

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