NITESH GARG
What is a Turbine ?
-A Turbine is a device which converts the heat energy of steam into the
kinetic energy & then to rotational energy.
-The Motive Power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change
in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved
blade which is free to rotate.
-The basic cycle for the steam turbine power plant is the Rankine cycle.
The modern Power plant uses the Rankine cycle modified to include
superheating, regenerative feed water heating & reheating.
Classification of Steam Turbines
3. Based on Inlet & Outlet Steam Condition
• Back pressure turbines
• Condensing turbines
• Extraction turbines
• Admission turbines
• Extraction cum condensing turbines
R A N K IN E C Y C L E
D'
C D
TEMPERATURE, T
W ORK DONE
B
A E E'
H EAT REJECTED
ENTROPY, S
PROCESS A-B: ISENTROPIC/ADIABATIC COMPRESSION PROCESS
FEED WATER TO BOILER IS PRESSURIED TO BOILER
PROCESS B-C: CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS
FEED WATER HEATED UPTO SATURATION TEMP T1 CALLED
SENSIBLE HEATING POINT C IS INTERMEDIATE POINT OF
STEAM GENERATION
PROCESS C-D: CONSTANT PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE PROCESS
FEED WATER IS VAPOURISED CALLED LANTENT HEAT OF
VAPOURISATION POINT D IS STEAM IS DRY & SATURATED.
PROCESS D-E: ISENTROPIC/ADIABATIC EXPANSION PROCESS
EXPANSION OF STEAM TO VACCUM
PROCESS E-A: CONSTANT PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE PROCESS
REJECTION OF HEAT TO CONDENSOR TO CONDENSE THE STEAM.
AT POINT D, STEAM IS DRY & SATURATED.
COMPONENTS
Typical condensation turbine with extraction
extraction-Modul with
overflow valve and
intermediate rotor seal
Balance line1
Balance line2
Flange for controlled Flange for
extraction extraction
Control via „valve beam“
Beam Valve rods Valve plugs, opening
sequence is determend by
the length of the individual
valve shaft
diffuser
Inlet pipe, flexibly attached
and sealed by „piston rings“
STOP VALVE TRIP OIL DRAIN START-UP OIL
TESTER-OIL
CYLINDER WITH TEST PISTON
SERVOMOTOR
PILOT VALVE
COUPLING
THRUST
COLLAR
H.P.BLADES
L.P BLADES
CROSS-SECTIONAL DRAWING OF BLADED ROTOR
HAND BARRING
WHEEL
MOVING WHEEL
FOR OIL TURBINE
DISCONNECT
COUPLING
Beschaufelung
Blading
Beschaufelung
Blading
Leitschaufelträger
Stator Blade Carriers
Impulse & Reaction Turbine
On the Principle of working
1. Impulse Turbine
2. Reaction Turbine
Impulse Reaction
-Pressure drops in nozzles and not in moving blade -Pressure drops in fixed blade as
well as in moving blades
-Constant blade channel area -Varying blade channel area
-Profile type blades -Aerofoil type blades
-Restricted round or incomplete admission of steam -All round or complete admission
-Diaphragm contains nozzles -Fixed blades similar to moving blades attached
to casing serve as nozzles and
guide the steam
-Occupies less space for same power -Occupies more space for same power
-Higher efficiency in initial stage - higher efficiency in final stages.
-Suitable for small power requirements -Suitable for medium or high power
requirements.
-Blade manufacturing is not difficult -Blade manufacturing process is difficult.
-Velocity of steam is high -Velocity of steam is less.
TO
GLAND STEAM
CONDENSER
(0.98 ata)
TURBINE
CONDENSER
1.04 to 1.10 ata
TO BFP
FROM SEAL STEAM
AUX. STEAM VALVE
HEADER
LEAK OFF VALVE TO
CONDENSER
TURBINE GLAND STEAM SYSTEM
LUBE OIL SYSTEM
Lube Oil General Daigram
LUBE OIL INLET
HEADER
FROM OHT
GENERATOR ECTR
TURBINE
GB
LUBE HEADER PRESSURE: 2.5 TO 3.0 KG/CM2 MONITOR DRAIN OIL TEMP.
JOURNAL BEARING PRESSURE : 1.5 TO 1.75 KG/CM2 ENSURE OILOVE FLOW THROUGH OHT.
THRUST BEARING PRESSURE = 0. .5 10 0.8 KG/CM2 MONITOR DP ACROSS FILTER.
MAINTAIN LUBE OIL TEMP. AFTER COOLER 40 DEG
CENTIGRADE
MONITOR LUBE OIL TANK LEVEL
Thermal expansion
Bearing pedestal is
moving
Fix point for casing
expansion
Thermal expansion at the exhaust side coupling
Labyrinth without
counter fins, due to
high relative
movement
Relatively small absolute
movement
Rotor is carried by the thrust
bearing
Direction of rotor expansion
Direction of casing expansion
Casing – fix point
Thermal expansion at inlet side coupling
Labyrinth withou
counter fins; due to
temporary big relative
Rotor is carried by the thrust movement
bearing
Direction of rotor expansion
Absolute movement of
coupling relatively big
Direction of casing expansion
Casing – fix point
MAJOR TURBINES AT CFCL
Plant Tag No. Driven Equipment Make Model Output Speed
(kW) (RPM)
Amm-I TK431 Syn Gas Compressor MHI SHE-7BD 24000 10681
K431
Amm-I TK421 Process Air Compressor MAN GHH DK 063/130 10465 7003
K421
Urea-I TK-01 CO2 Compressor BHEL EHNK 5390 7976
K01 32/36/64-3
Amm-II AGT-601 Syn gas Compressor MHI 5EH-7BD 20100 10908
ABG601
Amm-II AGT-201 Process Air Compressor SIEMENS EHNK 32/36 14100 7500
AGB201
Amm-II AGT-701 Refrigeration SIHN NIPPON C6-R6-A 8260 8800
Compressor
AGB701
Urea-II UGT-1101/2101 CO2 Compressor SIEMENS EHNK 25/28 6370 7600
UGB1101/2101
THANK YOU
