Korean for Beginners: Step 3

Vocabulary

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
Vocabulary

•• 휴가 — break, vacation, holiday (used more when speaking about people who work
or about men in the army — unlike 방학, which is used to speak about students)

•• 숙소 — a place where you stay when you leave home, it can be a hotel, a motel etc.

•• 기차역 — train station

•• 기차 — train

•• 기차를 타다 — to take a train

Vocabulary

•• 공항 — airport
•• 비행기 — plane

•• 비행기를 타다 — to take a plane

•• 비행기표 — plane ticket

•• 외국 — foreign country

•• 외국어 — foreign language

•• 외국인 — foreigner

•• 비자 — visa
Vocabulary

•• 미래 — the future
•• 현재 — the present

•• 과거 — the past

•• 밤새도록 — all night

•• 하루 종일 — all day

•• 아침 내내 — all morning

•• 저녁 내내 — all evening
Vocabulary

•• 빨리 — quickly
•• 그냥 — just, simply
Vocabulary

•• 계획을 세우다 — to make a plan

•• 사진을 찍다 — to take a photo (photos)

•• 등산하다 — to climb a mountain

•• 갔다 오다 — lit. “to go and come back” 

•• 여행(을) 가다 — to travel
Vocabulary

•• 예약하다 — to make a reservation

•• 짐을 싸다 —  to pack a bag

•• 도착하다 — to arrive

•• 출발하다 — to depart, leave

Vocabulary

•• 발표 — presentation
•• 간식 — snack (lit. “light food”)

•• 머리를 자르다 — to cut hair

•• 살을 빼다 — to lose weight

•• 살이 찌다 — to put on weight

•• 시험에 떨어지다 — to fail on exam

•• 끝내다 — to finish
Korean for Beginners: Step 3

Expressing a Wish
or a Desire -고 싶다 /
-고 싶어하다

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
Expressing a Wish or a Desire -고 싶다 / -고 싶어하다

•• The grammatical structure -고 싶다 / -고 싶어하다 expresses a wish

or desire to do something

•• -고 싶다 / -고 싶어하다 — want to

•• 싶다 / 싶어하다 are not used in Korean as independent words and do not have
the meaning “to want”
-고 싶다

-고 싶다 + first or second-person pronoun

——내년에 어디에 가고 싶어요 ? ——Where do [you] want to go next year?

——부산에 가고 싶어요. ——[I] want to go to Busan.

머리를 자르고 싶어요. [I] want to cut my hair.

그 영화를 보고 싶지 않아요. [I] don’t want to watch that film.

-고 싶다

-고 싶다 + first or second-person pronoun

부모님을 보고 싶어요.
[I] want to see my parents (= I miss my parents).

저는 미래에 의사가 되고 싶어요.

I want to become a doctor in the future. (-이 / 가 되다 — to become)

시간이 없어서 일을 빨리 끝내고 싶어요.

[I] want to finish my work quickly, as there’s no time.
-고 싶어하다

-고 싶어하다 is used with the third-person pronoun

다음 주에 친구와 같이 등산하고 싶어해요.

Next week [she ] wants to climb a mountain with friends.

생일 파티를 하고 싶어해요.
[Нe ] wants to have a birthday party.

스시를 먹고 싶어해요. In the English translation of the examples above

the use of particular third-person pronouns is
conditional and can vary depending on the context.
[They] want to eat sushi.
The State of Being Hungry, Thirsty, Sleepy

The states of being hungry, thirsty, sleepy are expressed respectively

by 배고프다, 목이 마르다, 졸리다.

저는 배고파요. 밥을 먹을까요?
I am hungry. Shall [we] eat?
The State of Being Hungry, Thirsty, Sleepy

The states of being hungry, thirsty, sleepy are expressed respectively

by 배고프다, 목이 마르다, 졸리다.

날씨가 덥고 운동도 많이 해서 목이 아주 말라요.

It’s hot and also [I] have trained a lot, so [I] am very thirsty.
The State of Being Hungry, Thirsty, Sleepy

The states of being hungry, thirsty, sleepy are expressed respectively

by 배고프다, 목이 마르다, 졸리다.

어제 밤새도록 발표를 준비했어요. 그래서 지금 진짜 졸려요.

[I] spent the whole of all last night [lit. yesterday night] preparing the presentation.
That’s why [I] feel very sleepy now. 
Korean for Beginners: Step 3

The Intentive Connective

-(으)려고 하다

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
-(으)려고 하다

The intentive connective -(으)려고 하다 expresses the intention of a speaker to do something.

-(으)려고 하다
The speaker expresses
The speaker states an what (steps) he or she
action that he or she is is undertaking to
about to perform perform the action that
has been stated
-(으)려고 하다 vs -(으)러 가다 / 오다

-(으)려고 하다 -(으)러 가다 / 오다

•• Used with any verbs (instead of 하다) •• Used only with verbs of motion

•• Not used in imperative sentences •• Used in imperative sentences

-(으)려고

The ending -(으)려고 is attached to a verb stem.

•• If a verb stem ends in a consonant, -으려고 is used

•• If it ends in a vowel, -려고 is used

-(으)려고

——여름 휴가는 어디에 여행 가려고 해요 ?

——Where are [you] going to travel to on summer vacation?

——이탈리아에 여행 가려고 해요.

——[I] am going to Italy.

살을 빼려고 운동을 매일 해요.

[I] do sports everyday to lose weight.
-(으)려고

등산하려고 간식을 준비했어요.

[I] prepared some snacks to climb the mountain.

여행 가려고 비자를 만들고 비행기표를 샀어요.

[I] made a visa and bought a flight ticket to travel.

시험에 떨어지지 않으려고 공부를 열심히 했어요.

[I] studied hard not to fail the exam.
-(으)려고 (하다)

The 하다 part in -(으)려고 하다 can be omitted in everyday speech.

지금 뭐 해요 ?
—— ——What are [you] doing now?

집을 나가려고요.
—— ——[I] am about to leave home.
Korean for Beginners: Step 3

The Conditional
Connective -(으)면

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
The Conditional Connective -(으)면

The conditional connective -(으)면 expresses a condition, translated in English as “if” or “when”.
-(으)면 is attached to the stem of a predicate
The Conditional Connective -(으)면

•• If the stem ends in a consonant (other than ㄹ), -으면 is attached

•• If it ends in a vowel or ㄹ, -면 is attached
The Conditional Connective -(으)면

•• If the stem ends in a consonant (other than ㄹ), -으면 is attached

•• If it ends in a vowel or ㄹ, -면 is attached

질문이 있으면 물어보세요.

Ask, if [you] have a question (questions).

오늘 저녁에 날씨가 좋으면 한강에 가요.

If the weather is good this evening, let’s go to the river Han.

비가 그치지 않으면 하루 종일 그냥 집에 있을 거예요.

If the rain doesn’t stop, [I] will just stay at home for the whole day.
The Conditional Connective -(으)면

•• If the stem ends in a consonant (other than ㄹ), -으면 is attached

•• If it ends in a vowel or ㄹ, -면 is attached

봄이 오면 꽃이 핍니다.
When spring comes, the flowers are blossoming.

남자친구에게 전화가 오면 기뻐요.

When [I] get a telephone call from [my] boyfriend, [I] feel happy.

가을이 되면 한국인들은 단풍을 보려고 등산해요.

Koreans climb mountains to look at the foliage (on trees) when autumn comes.