1 Education and learning

READING SKILLS Effective reading (1), (2), and (3)

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING Comparing and contrasting
WRITING SKILLS Checking your writing (1) ™ Lg^i^c\V comparing and contrasting essay
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Using a dictionary (1) and (2)

READING Good study habits

1 Discuss the questions with a partner.
1 What was your favourite and least favourite subject at school? Why?
2 When do you find it best to study? Why?
2 Look at Texts A and B on page 5 and answer the questions.
1 Which text is a quiz?
2 Which text looks more serious?
3 Which text is about studying effectively?
STUDY SKILL Effective reading (1)
3 Look at the texts again. Answer the questions.
Choose what to read, and how to read it to become an
Text A: 1 How many questions are there?
effective reader.
2 How many answers are there for each question?
3 What does the second part of the text tell you? Survey the material to decide whether it is useful:
Text B: 1 How many parts are there? Look at the title, headings, pictures, or graphs.
2 Is there an introduction? Look at the style of the text and where it has come from.
3 Is there a conclusion? Skim the text to see how the information is organized and
4 Read Text B quickly. Answer the questions. to get a general idea:
Read the title and any headings.
1 Which is better: a planned target or a vague commitment?
2 What two rewards are mentioned? Read the first sentence of a few paragraphs.
3 What two reasons are given for delaying starting work? Scan the text to find specific pieces of information:
4 What is a more effective way of revising? Use what you learnt from surveying and skimming the
text to locate the information you need.
5 What different ways did you read the texts to answer the
questions in … Move quickly through the text. Do not read every word.
Stop when you come to the information you want.
1 exercise 2? 2 exercise 3? 3 exercise 4? Read STUDY SKILL

6 Complete the quiz and then answer these questions.

1 What is your learning style? 2 Do you agree with your result? Why (not)?
7 Look at the words in the table from Text B. Write the part of speech. Match the
words with their meanings.

word part of speech meaning

a crucial adjective 1 producing a successful result
b effective 2 awake/able to concentrate
c vague 3 find (information) again
d incentive 4 frightening or worrying
e alert 5 something that encourages you
f put off 6 study hard in a short time
g daunting 7 extremely important
h worthwhile 8 delay doing something
i retrieve 9 not clear or definite
j cram 10 useful

4 Unit 1 . Education and learning

4741613_HAS_RW&SS_SB3.indb 4 15/05/2011 16:55

 A What is your learning style? B Becoming an effective student
Answer the questions in our quick quiz to find Learning how to study effectively is an essential skill for students in any
out how you learn best! discipline. There are six areas which are crucial to developing good study
]VW^ih#Ldg`dci]ZhZVcYndjl^aaWZXdbZVceffective student.
1 Do you think you learn better by ...
A reading? B listening to lectures? Targets
2 How do you prefer to learn from lectures? Always set a realistic work target. Don’t try to do too much. For example,
A I like to make notes during the lecture. plan to read one chapter of a book each evening rather than think about
B I like to record the lecture and listen again. reading the whole book over the weekend. This kind of detailed, planned
3 L]Zci]ZiZVX]ZgjhZhVcZlldgY!YdndjlVciid target is more effective than a vague commitment. It is sometimes helpful
see it written ... to tell your friends about your plan. This is a good incentive to keep you on
A immediately? B later? target because they will know if you fail!
4 If you need to memorize something, e.g. a formula, Rewards
a quotation, or a poem, do you ... Develop a system of small rewards for your work. For example, stop for a
A write it out several times? cup of coffee or tea, or listen to a favourite piece of music after one hour’s
B repeat it aloud to yourself and/or other people? study. Rewarding yourself for keeping to your work plan will make you feel
5 L]ZcndjgZXdgYcZlkdXVWjaVgn!YdndjgZXdgYi]Z good about yourself.
pronunciation? Timing
A Hardly ever B Usually Make sure you choose a suitable time to study, i.e. when it is quiet and
6 Do you ever read aloud to yourself (in your own language when you are most alert. Try to make this a regular, time-tabled part of
or in English)? your day. If you plan to start work at a certain time, say 7pm, do not find
A Rarely B Sometimes reasons to put off getting started. You can watch a DVD later, and your
emails are not urgent!
Results Quantity
Mostly As A large task such as researching a new topic for an essay can be daunting
If you scored mostly As, you are a more visual learner. You prefer
to see the written word. You learn by reading and writing. Visual – so daunting, in fact, that it can be difficult to sit down and make a start.
learners often think in pictures. If you find a particular task or Break the larger task down into several smaller ones. For example, make a
text difficult, look for sources that will suit your learning style, list of questions that you will have to deal with in your essay, and then
e.g. sources with illustrations, charts, tables, or videos. approach each question separately. This makes the work more manageable.
Mostly Bs Notes and learning styles
If you scored mostly Bs, you are probably a more auditory
learner. You prefer to learn by listening and speaking. Auditory The books you are studying won’t always present information in a way that
learners often learn best from lectures, discussions, by reading suits your learning style. It is, therefore, worthwhile spending time making
aloud, and by listening to audio material. notes and organizing them in a way that suits you best. It is also a good idea
Mixture As and Bs to keep your notebooks neat and well organized. This will make it much
If you scored a mixture of As and Bs, like most people you easier to retrieve information later.
probably learn through a mixture of styles. Sometimes you may
prefer to learn by reading, at other times by listening. Ask
Revision
yourself which is the best style for the particular task you are 9dcÈiaZVkZgZk^h^dcjci^ai]ZaVhibdbZci#L]ZcndjhZindjghijYn
doing. targets, allow regular revision time. This is much more effective than trying
to cram before an exam.

(280 words) (395 words)

8 Read STUDY SKILL Read Text B again. Write answers to the questions. STUDY SKILL Effective reading (2)
1 How does the writer think you can develop good study habits?
2 Why is it a good idea to tell other people about your work plans? You will often need to understand the details in a
3 Why does the writer believe it is useful to reward yourself? text. This is intensive reading. To do this effectively:
4 What makes one time to study better than another? Think about why you are reading, and what you
5 How can a large or complicated piece of work be made easier? need from the text.
6 What is the main benefit of keeping good class or lecture notes? Skim the text to get an overview.
7 How does the writer suggest you could improve your revision? Underline words and phrases which occur
frequently and are important to know.
9 In your own studies, in which of the six areas in the article could you If a particular part of the text is more difficult,
improve? How? Compare your answers with a partner. read it again, asking yourself questions about it.
Look up any words you need to understand in a
dictionary.

Unit 1 . Education and learning 5

4741613_HAS_RW&SS_SB3.indb 5 15/05/2011 16:55

 Education in the UK
10 Skim the text The UK education system. Which paragraph …
The UK education system
A By law in the UK, all children between 5 and 16
1 describes the school year? years of age must receive a full-time education.
2 gives an overview of education in the UK? The vast majority, over 90%, of these children
3 describes secondary education from 11 to 16? attend state schools. The education systems in
4 describes primary education? LVaZh!Cdgi]Zgc>gZaVcY!VcY:c\aVcYVgZh^b^aVg!
5 describes secondary education from 16 to 18? whereas the education system in Scotland differs
11 Read STUDY SKILL Underline the content words in sentences 1–3 from in a number of ways. This description will generally
the text. refer to the English state system.
B The school year runs from September to July
STUDY SKILL Effective reading (3) and is usually divided into three terms of
approximately 13 weeks each. Students attend
You will have a large amount to read for your studies, so you need to be able school from about 9.00 am to 3.30 pm, Monday to
to read quickly. Friday, with a morning break and a break for lunch.
The first time you read a text intensively: Some students eat lunch in the school cafeteria,
but many bring food from home.
Focus on content words (usually nouns, verbs, adjectives).
C Most children in England go to primary school
It is easy to read this by looking at the content words.
from the age of 5 to 11. These schools are largely
Think about which parts of the text are relevant. co-educational, that is, boys and girls attend
For further readings of the same text: id\Zi]Zg#6aahX]ddah[daadli]ZCVi^dcVa
Concentrate on parts of the text which are relevant. Curriculum. The core, or main subjects, are English,
Read in sense groups of two or more words. Sense groups can be: mathematics, and science. Other subjects include
subject + verb + object history, geography, physical education, music, and
Vgi#>cLVaZh!i]ZLZah]aVc\jV\Z^hVhjW_ZXi^c
At the age of 16/most students take exams/in about ten different subjects.
LZah]"heZV`^c\hX]ddah#>ci]ZhVbZlVn!^c
phrases with a preposition Cdgi]Zgc>gZaVcY!i]ZXjgg^Xjajb^cXajYZhi]Z>g^h]
At the age of 16/most students take exams/in about ten different subjects. language in Irish-speaking schools.
D At the age of 11 students move to a secondary
1 The school year runs from September to July and is usually divided school. Most students go to large comprehensive
into three terms of approximately 13 weeks each. schools which teach children of varying abilities.
2 These schools are largely co-educational, that is, boys and girls At the age of 16, most students take exams (GCSEs)
attend together. in about ten different subjects. At this point, just
3 Most students go to large comprehensive schools which teach over 30% leave school and start other training or
children of varying abilities. work.
12 Use the content words to answer the questions on education. E Students who remain in education can
choose to continue at their school for up to two
1 Are the education systems in the Republic of Ireland and Northern
nZVgh!dg\didVheZX^VaXdaaZ\Z#L]ZgZkZgi]Zn
Ireland similar? study, students specialize in three or four subjects,
education system/Republic of Ireland/different/Northern Ireland and there are further exams at the
2 What schools do some 9-year-olds go to? age of 17 (AS Levels) and again at 18 (A Levels).
parts/England/children/leave/primary school/aged nine/go/middle school Good results in these are required to go to
3 How many young people go on to further education? university. (315 words)
60%/young people/go/further education
13
1 Divide the first paragraph from the text into sense groups.
Read the paragraph aloud to a partner. Compare your paragraphs.

By law in the UK / all children between 5 and 16 years of age / must receive a full-
time education. / The vast majority, over 90%, of these children attend state
hX]ddah#I]ZZYjXVi^dchnhiZbh^cLVaZh!Cdgi]Zgc>gZaVcY!VcY:c\aVcYVgZ
similar, whereas the education system in Scotland differs in a number of ways. This
description will generally refer to the English state system.

14 Which paragraphs in the text are relevant if you are only interested in …
1 primary education? 2 secondary education? 3 education in Scotland?

666 Unit
Unit11 .. Education andfree
Hobbies and learning
time

4741613_HAS_RW&SS_SB3.indb 6 15/05/2011 16:55