PRACTICE TEST 1 (Heinemann Script)

Section1 Listening Comprehension

Part A
1. M: What would you say to a few days off?
W: Super!
Q: What does the woman mean?
2. M: This food sure is spicy!
W: No kidding!
Q: What does the woman mean?
3. W: Wasn't that a great movie?
M: I've seen better.
Q: What does the man mean?
4. W: That's a fantastic stereo system!
M: It must have been expensive!
Q: I bought it on sale.
5. M: What does the man imply about his stereo?
W: You look different. Did you change your hair?
Q: Yes. I had it cut last week. What does the woman mean?
6. W: Could you please bring me a bowl of soup and a salad?
M: Right away!
Q: What does the man mean?
7. M: Have you come up with a guest speaker for the banquet?
W: Not so far, but I'm working on it.
Q: What does the woman mean?
8. M: Someone's here to see you.
W:What?
Q: What does the woman want to know?
9. M: Can you tell me how to use this pay telephone?
W: The instructions are written on the poster right next to it.
Q: What will the man probably do next?
10. W: How did you do at getting contributions for the
scholarship?
M: Well, we're still short two hundred dollars.
Q:What does the man mean?
11. W: Are you going to be able to come with us to the game?
M: I'm afraid not. I have to work late.
Q: What does the man mean?
12. W: Sam, are you the one who picked up the picnic
table for us?
M: No, I got Tony to do it,
Q:What does Sam say about the table?
13. W: When are you going to move into the dorm, Randy?
M: I'm not sure. I'd like to be able to wait until
after summer vacation.
Q: What does Randy mean?
14. W: Thanks for fixing that broken chair.
M: The glue isn't dry yet. The legs are still unstable.
Q: What does the man say about the chair?
15. M: This assignment is too much! I'll never get it done!
W: No need to panic. Just take it one step at a time.
Q: What does the woman think the man should do?
16. M: Would you rather stay home tonight?
W: Oh, let's go ahead and go out. I'll get my second wind.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
17. M: I can't figure out how to turn off the coffee machine.
W: Did you check the instructions? They're printed on the back.
Q: What does the woman think the man should do?
18. W: I just heard that starting tomorrow students will
no longer be allowed to use the gym for free.
M: If I were you, I'd speak to the athletic department
about that. That kind of policy doesn't really seem fair.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
19. W: Those new drapes are gorgeous!
 M: Thanks. They're practical, too. My heating bill
has gone way down since I put them in.
Q: What does the man mean?
20. W: John sure seems happy with his new bicycle.
M: He really got a good deal on it at the bike sale.
Q: What does the man mean?
21. W: Aren't you coming?
M: I just finished a sandwich.
Q: What does the man imply?
22. M: Isn't Professor Larson the only faculty member in the
English department who has written a book?
W: Far from it. There are a number of others
who've done a lot of publishing.
Q: What does the woman mean?
23. Wl: We really ought to find a place to store
all of these books.
W2: Maybe we should get some bookcases.
Q: What problem do the speakers have?
24. M: I guess I'm going to have to take George to the airport.
W: Why don't you get someone else to do it?
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
25. W: I hear you're going to take the six-week French
immersion class this summer. Did you get a grant
to help pay for it?
M: Are you kidding? I have to pay for all of my own
tuition, not to mention my room and board!
Q: What does the man say about the immersion class?
26. M: I don't like the looks of those clouds.
W: I wouldn't worry about them. If it starts to
rain, we'll just move our picnic indoors.
Q: What does the woman mean?
27. W: It's going to take me several days to revise this
research paper.
M: Unfortunately, it's due tomorrow.
Q: What does the man mean?
28. W: Listen to this! The student association is
going to nominate you for class president!
M: Oh, no! Are you kidding?
Q: What does the man mean?
29. M: Paul didn't show up at the meeting today.
W: I know. What I want to know is if he
finished that report he promised.
Q: What does the woman mean?
30. W: We're ready to leave for the theater now.
Aren't you coming?
M: I'll catch up. I'm waiting for Jane.
Q: What does the man imply?
1. (A) She'll stay for a little while.
(B) She'll talk to him about his raise.
(C) She prefers to continue working.
(D) She'd like a short vacation.
2. (A) The food doesn't have enough seasonings in it.
(B) The man isn't very funny.
(C) She agrees with the man.
(D) She isn't sure about the rice.
3. (A) He's feeling better.
(B) The film wasn't very good.
(C) He didn't enjoy the talk very much.
(D) He will see the woman later.
4. (A) It cost more than he thought it would.
(B) He would like to sell it.
(C) It isn't a very good one.
(D) He got it for a good price.
5. (A) She felt different last week.
(B) Someone cut her hair for her.
(C) She hasn't been the same all week.
(D) She cut her own hair.
6. (A) He'll bring the food quickly.
(B) He needs to write down the woman's order.
(C) He'll send a waiter to the woman's table.
(D) He'll take the food away now.
7. (A) She'll work part-time at the banquet.
(B) She'll try to find a blanket for her guest.
(C) She is still looking for a guest speaker.
(D) She lives too far away to come to the dinner.
8. (A) Who is waiting to see her.
(B) How many people can hear her.
(C) When she can see someone.
(D) What the man said.
9. (A) Give the woman instructions about the phone.
(B) Read the instructions next to the phone.
(C) Pay for his telephone.
(D) Call the woman on the phone.
10. (A) The scholar will arrive shortly.
(B) They didn't get as much money as they needed.
(C) They collected two hundred dollars.
(D) He doesn't know how to do the calculation.
11. (A) He doesn't like to walk late at night.
(B) He has two jobs.
(C) He can't go to the game.
(D) He'll come to the game late.
12. (A) Tony put it together.
(B) He is going to pick it up now.
(C) He will bring it to the picnic.
(D) Tony got it for them.
13. (A) He doesn't know when he'll take a vacation.
(B) He doesn't want to move right away.
(C) He's waiting for the woman to move out of the dorm.
(D) He needs to move before summer vacation.
14. (A) It isn't ready to use yet.
(B) It can't be fixed.
(C) It needs new legs.
(D) He'll put it in the stable to dry.
15. (A) Work on the assignment a little bit at a time.
 (B) Finish the assignment on time.
(C) Take the assignment to someone else this time.
(D) Stop working on the assignment.
16. (A) Continue on in spite of the wind.
(B) Stay home and get some rest.
(C) Wait for a few seconds before deciding.
(D) Go out with the man tonight.
17. (A) Read the directions.
(B) Take back the coffee machine.
(C) Copy the instructions.
(D) Write her a check for the coffee.
18. (A) Report her problem to the police.
(B) Express her opinion to the athletic department.
(C) Go with him to complain about the high fee.
(D) Prepare a speech for students using the gym.
19. (A) His drapes are not attractive, but they keep out the heat.
(B) It wouldn't be practical for him to buy new drapes.
(C) His new drapes help keep his house warm.
(D) He did not pay a lot of money for the drapes.
20. (A) John will get a good price for Ms bike when he sells it.
(B) The man who sold John his bike was easy to deal with.
(C) John paid a good price for his bicycle.
(D) John is always happy when he's riding his bike.
21. (A) He'll get a sandwich with them.
(B) He'll join them after he finishes.
(C) He wants something different this time.
(D) He isn't hungry right now.
22. (A) One faculty member has published far more than the rest.
(B) Several English faculty have published their writing.
(C) The number of faculty in the English department is far from ideal.
(D) One English faculty member has done a lot for the department.
23. (A) They don't have enough storage space.
(B) They can't afford to buy any bookcases.
(C) This store does not sell books.
(D) All of their books are in storage.
24. (A) Ask someone to take George to the airport.
(B) Take two people to the airport.
(C) Take George to the airport early.
(D) Take someone else to the airport instead.
25. (A) He isn't really serious about taking it.
(B) He is going to have to pay for it himself.
(C) He hasn't mentioned it yet to his roommate.
(D) Someone else is paying for his room and board.
26. (A) She's worried about the rain.
(B) The picnic wasn't a good idea anyway.
(C) Rain won't be a problem.
(D) Since it has started to rain, they should move indoors.
27. (A) He can't help the woman revise her research paper.
(B) His research paper is due tomorrow.
(C) The woman probably won't be able to finish her paper on time.
(D) He doesn't know what to do with the woman's paper.
28. (A) He already belongs to the student association.
(B) He had heard about the nomination earlier.
(C) He is not going to vote for the woman.
(D) He doesn't want to be the class president.
29. (A) She wonders whether Paul has completed his work.
(B) She promised to help Paul finish his report.
(C) She'll show Paul how to get his work done on time.
(D) She knows that Paul will do what he promised.
30. (A) He can't wait for Jane any longer.
(B) He'll try to catch them at the gate.
(C) He doesn't want to go to the theater,
(D) He will join them as soon as he can.
It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great horned owl begins early in the year. In January and February, or as
late as March in the North, the male calls to the female with a resonant hoot. The female is larger than the male. She
sometimes reaches a body length of twenty-two to twenty-four inches, with a wingspread up to fifty inches. To impress her,
the male does a strange courtship dance. He bobs. He bows. He ruffles his feathers and hops around with an important air.
He flutters from limb to limb and makes flying sorties into the air. Sometimes he returns with an offering of food. They share
the repast, after which she joins the dance, hopping and bobbing about as though keeping time to the beat of an inner drum.

Owls are poor home builders. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree or even to occupy the deserted nest of a hawk or
crow. These structures are large and rough, built of sticks and bark and lined with leaves and feathers. Sometimes owls nest
on a rocky ledge, or even on the bare ground. even to occupy the deserted nest of a hawk or crow. These structures are large
and rough, built of sticks and bark and lined with leaves and feathers. Sometimes owls nest on a rocky ledge, or even on the
bare ground. The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically settles herself on the nest and spreads
her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from snow and cold.

It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks its way out of the shell. As the young birds feather out, they look like
wise old men with their wide eyes and quizzical expressions. They clamor for food and keep the parents busy supplying mice,
squirrels, rabbits, crayfish, and beetles. Later in the season baby crows are taken. Migrating songsters, waterfowl, and game
birds all fall prey to the hungry family. It is nearly ten weeks before fledglings leave the nest to search for their own food. The
parent birds weary of family life by November and drive the young owls away to establish hunting ranges of their own.

1
What is the topic of this passage?
A
Raising a family of great homed owls
Mating rituals of great homed owls
Nest building of great homed owls
Habits of young great homed owls
B
C
D
2
In line 3, the phrase "a resonant hoot" is closest in meaning to
A
an instrument
a sound
a movement
an offering of food
B
C
D
3
It can be inferred from the passage that the courtship of great horned owls
A
takes place on the ground
is an active process
happens in the fall
involves the male alone
B
C
D
4
According to the passage, great homed owls
A
are discriminate nest builders
need big nests for their numerous eggs
may inhabit a previously used nest
build nests on tree limbs
B
C
D
5
According to the passage, which of the following is the mother owl's job?
A
To initiate the courtship ritual
To feed the young
To sit on the nest
To build the nest
B
C
D
6
The phrase "precious charges" in lines 16-17 refers to
A
the eggs
the nest
the hawks and crows
other nesting owls
B
C
D
7
According to the passage, young owlets eat everything EXCEPT
A
other small birds
insects
small mammals
nuts and seeds
B
C
D
8
In line 19, the word "they" refers to
A
the wise old men
the adult birds
the young birds
the prey
B
C
D
9
What can be inferred from the passage about the adult parents of the young great horned owls?
A
They are sorry to see their young leave home.
They are lazy and careless about feeding the small owlets.
They probably don't see their young after November.
They don't eat while they are feeding their young.
B
C
D
10
The phrase "weary of" in line 24 is closest in meaning to
A
tire of
become sad about
support
are attracted to
B
C
D

ANSWER KEY
1. A The key phrase in the answer is raising a family. All the paragraphs in the passage are related to raising a family, from
mating to sending the young owls away. (B),(C), and (D) are too specific.

2. В Clues to meaning of "a resonant hoot" are the male calls to the female with a resonant hoot (lines 2-3). The meaning of
calls in this context includes making a sound (B) which in this case is "a resonant hoot."

3. В The reference to the answer is found in paragraph one, lines 5-10, where the courtship is described. All verbs used in
this description are verbs of action. To understand the incorrect answer choices refer to: (A) line 7; (С) lines 2-3; (D) lines 8-
10.

4. С The choices are all about nests, which are mentioned in paragraph two. The correct answer (C) is found in lines 11-12.
(A) is wrong because the passage says that owls are poor home builders, which is the opposite of discriminate nest builders.
(B) is incorrect because line 15 states that the mother lays two or three ... eggs, in contrast to numerous eggs. (D) is not
correct because lines 11-12 state that owls prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree... , not on the tree limb.

5. С The correct answer (C) is found in lines 15-17 she ... settles herself on the nest.... According to paragraph one, the male
initiates the courtship ritual. Lines 20-21 tell us that both parents feed the owlets, and in paragraph two the use of the word
owls implies that both males and females build nests.

6. A Clues to the meaning of "precious charges" in lines 16-17 are in the logical development of the description of the
mother owl first laying and then caring for the eggs in the nest. Key words are lays ... eggs; settles ... on the nest; to protect
her.. .from snow and cold.

7. D The correct answer (D) is found in lines 20-23; nuts and seeds are not mentioned. Beetles are insects. Birds are
mentioned and so are mice, squirrels, and rabbits, which are small mammals.

8. С The pronoun "they" in line 19 refers to the young birds mentioned in the preceding sentence. It is logically the young
birds who ask for food and keep the parents busy.

9. С The correct answer (C) is found in lines 24-25, ... and drive the young owls away .... (A) is not true because line 24
states The parent birds weary of family life... , in contrast to being sorry. (B) is wrong because careless feeding is not implied.
(D) is not discussed in the passage.

10. A Clues to the meaning of "weary of" in line 24 are found in the information that the young birds are demanding (they
clamor for food, line 20) and time consuming (it is ten weeks before [they] leave the nest to look for their own food, lines 23-
24). In lines 24-25 we read that the parents drive the young owls away, which suggests a negative attitude toward the
young of the owl family. All of this information suggests that the parents will have worked hard and are tired by November.
The verb form of tired is tire, (A) tire of is the correct answer

There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of being hypotheses with a minimum of supporting
evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body's organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune
system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characteristics that we associate with aging. Following a
different vein, many current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level. It has been shown that
cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and then die.
(Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect.) Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from
an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell's genetic makeup. Any
event that disturbs the cell's genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell's environment, or loss of
genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at
different processes.

Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological age can be
useful in estimating the average status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person's status
because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the rate at which biological
age changes occur. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous
activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.

Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This includes
changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person's appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the type of
eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to estimate the degree to which other
types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among individuals
and because a person's appearance is affected by many factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition,
and exposure to sunlight.

11
The author believes the theories of aging are
A
well-supported hypotheses
poorly supported hypotheses
proven theories
interesting ideas
B
C
D
12
In line 6, the word "evidence" refers to
A
evidence of aging
evidence of cancer
evidence of human fibroblasts
evidence of cell division
B
C
D
13
The word "vein" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
A
part of the body
point of view
bloodvessel
cellular level
bring on aging
B
C
D
14
The author of the article points out that cancer cells
A
divide infinitely
divide and then die
divide more in adults than in embryos
bring on aging
B
C
D
15
The word "culture" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
A
libraries
a special environment
a society's traditions and values
a toxic substance
B
C
D
16
It can be inferred from the passage that
A
fibroblast cells divide fewer times at later stages in human life
are not a focus in cellular research on aging
are similar to cancer cells in rate of division
disfunction in the aging process of the body's immune system
B
C
D
17
As explained in this passage, the theory of aging which examines the cellular level would NOT assign which of the following as
a cause of aging?
A
Mutation
Failure of the body's organ system
Loss of genetic material
Chemical damage from the environment
B
C
D
18
According to the passage, chronological aging is not a good indicator of an individual's status regarding aging because
A
elderly people are often athletic
there is individual variation in the rate of biological aging
strenuous activities are not good measures of age
it is difficult to get accurate records of birth dates
B
C
D
19
The author implies all of the following about cosmetic aging EXCEPT
A
It does not occur at the same rate for all people
It is a poor indicator of chronological age
Illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight cause aging to occur
It is described by changes in outward appearance
B
C
D

ANSWER KEY
11. В The correct answer (B) is found in lines 1-2, ... of being hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. The
other answer choices are not mentioned in the passage.
12. A The logical reference of "evidence" is to aging since aging is the topic of the preceding sentence. Another clue is the
phrase produce characteristics (that we associate) with aging in lines 4-5. In line 6 a similar structure is looking evidence at
the cellular and subcellular level, but the phrase of aging is deleted and only implied.

13. B Although the passage is about the body and its systems, the context in which "vein" is used in line 5 provides a
transition from one point in the text to another point. In this case a different vein means a different point of view.

14. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 8-9. The statement that human fibroblasts... divide only a limited number of
times and then die is contrasted to Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect. This concept is similar in meaning to the
idea divide infinitely.

15. B The phrase cells... grown in culture is part of a scientific

passage, which leads us to deduce that "culture" in this context is not related to society or traditions (C). It is not likely that
cells are grown in libraries (A), and things don't usually grow in a toxic substance (D). The meaning of culture in this context is
"a special environment" (B).

16. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 9-10. An embryo is the earliest form of life. The passage states that cells from
an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. This is similar to saying that cells from an adult (a later stage in
life) divide fewer times. (B) is not true: fibroblast cells are used as an example of cellular research. (C) is incorrect: lines 7-9.
(D) is incorrect because cells and organ systems are discussed as two different theories of aging.

17. B The correct answer is (B) because the organ system is central to a theory of aging different from the theory which
examines the cellular level. (A), (C), and (D) all are mentioned in the passage in lines 10-14 as support for the cellular theory.

18. B The correct answer (B) is found in paragraph 2. Lines 17-19 state about chronological age: It is a poor indicator of an
individual person's status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the
rate at which biological age changes occur. Answers (A) and (D) are not mentioned in the passage, and answer (C) is not true
according to the passage.

19. C The correct answer (C) is found in paragraph 3. The last lines state that... a person's appearance is affected bymany
factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight. Answers (A), (B), and (D) are all
true according to paragraph 3 of the passage.

In the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, a family from the East of the United States could either buy
steamboat passage to Missouri for themselves, their wagons, and their livestock or-as happened more often-simply pile
everything into a wagon, hitch up a team, and begin their overland trek right in their front yard.

Along the macadamized roads and turnpikes east of the Missouri River, travel was comparatively fast, camping easy, and
supplies plentiful. Then, in one river town or another, the neophyte emigrants would pause to lay in provisions. For outfitting
purposes, the town of Independence had been preeminent ever since 1827, but the rising momentum of pioneer emigration
had produced some rival jump-off points. Westport and Fort Leavenworth flourished a few miles upriver. St. Joseph had
sprung up 55 miles to the northwest; in fact, emigrants who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail by
staying on the paddle-wheelers to St. Joe before striking overland.

At whatever jump-off point they chose, the emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, asked questions of others as green
as themselves, and made their final decisions about outfitting. They had various, sometimes conflicting, options. For example,
either pack animals or two-wheel carts or wagons could be used for the overland crossing. A family man usually chose the
wagon. It was the costliest and slowest of the three, but it provided space and shelter for children and for a wife who likely as
not was pregnant. Everybody knew that a top-heavy covered wagon might blow over in a prairie wind or be overturned by
mountain rocks, that it might mire in river mud or sink to its hubs in desert sand-but maybe if those things happened on this
trip, they would happen to someone else. Anyway, most pioneers, with their farm background, were used to wagons.

20
What is the topic of this passage?
A
Important river towns
Getting started on the trip west
The advantages of traveling by wagon
Choosing a point of departure
B
C
D
21
All of the following can be inferred from the passage about travel east of the Missouri EXCEPT that it
A
was faster than in the West
was easier than in the West
took place on good roads
was usually by steamboat
B
C
D
22
The phrase "jump-off point" in lines 1, 10-11 and 15 is closest in meaning to
A
a bridge across a river
a point of departure
a gathering place
a trading post
B
C
D
23
Which of the cities that served as a jump-off point can be inferred from the passage to be farthest west?
A
Independence
St. Joseph
Westport
Fort Leavenworth
B
C
D
24
The word "preeminent" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
A
oldest
superior
most easily reached
closest
B
C
D
25
The author implies in the passage that the early emigrants
A
knew a lot about travel
were well stocked with provisions when they left their homes
left from the same place in Missouri
preferred wagon travel to other types of travel
B
C
D
26
The word "neophyte" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
A
eager
courageous
prosperous
inexperienced
B
C
D
27
All of the following were mentioned in the passage as options for modes of transportation from the Missouri River to the
West EXCEPT
A
a wagon
a riverboat
a pack animal
a two-wheel cart
B
C
D
28
In line 14, the word "striking" is closest in meaning to
A
hitting
orienting
departing
marking
B
C
D
29
The expression "green" in line 16 is closest in meaning to
A
frightened
optimistic
inexperienced
weary
B
C
D

30
All of the following features of the covered wagon made it unattractive to the emigrants EXCEPT

A
the speed at which it could travel
its bulk
its familiarity and size
its cost

31
In line 23, the phrase "those things" refers to

A
the types of transportation
the belongings of the pioneers
the problems of wagon travel
the overland routes
B

ANSWER KEY
20. В The correct answer (B) is arrived at by skimming the entire passage to find the main ideas. The three paragraphs all
describe a different aspect of preparing for the journey to the West. (A), (C), and (D) are mentioned in the passage as details
to further describe aspects of the topic, getting started on the trip west.

21. D The correct answer (D) can be inferred from lines 1-7: could either (travel by steamboat) or—as happened more often
—travel by wagon). This tells us that travel was'NOT usually by steamboat. (A), (B), and (C) all describe travel east of the
Missouri: lines 6-7.

22. B "Jump-off point'' is a key phrase in this passage about pioneers traveling from the East to the West. In each paragraph
the term "jump-off point" is linked to the concept of starting out or departing on the journey overland. Therefore, point of
departure (B) is the correct answer choice.

23. B The correct answer (B) is found in lines 11-12. The town of Independence is the river town that is mentioned first in
the passage. (C) and (D) are said to be upriver (north) of Independence. Lines 11-12 state that St. Joseph was 55 miles
northwest (of Independence). Logical reasoning tells us that this point is farther west than Independence. A second clue is
found in lines 11-14, which states that four days travel west could be saved by departing from St. Joe (Joseph), implying that
St. Joseph was four days farther west than the other river towns.

24. B Clues to the meaning of "preeminent" in lines 7-12 are that Independence had been preeminent among the cities that
offered provisions for people traveling west, but that this position was being threatened by rival cities.We can deduce that
rivalry occurs when a strong position is challenged, and that answer choice (B) superior is correct. Word analysis: from Latin
'praeeminent' (be prominent, to project forward).

25. D The correct answer (D) is found in line 19 A family man usually chose the wagon and also lines in 24-25 ... most
pioneers, with their farm background, were used to wagons. To understand why other choices are incorrect refer to: (A) lines
21-24; (B) lines 7-8; (C) lines 7-11 and line 15.

26. D Clues to the meaning of the word "neophyte" in the phrase the neophyte emigrants are found in the first paragraph, in
which we read that the travelers were a family from the East who with little preparation began their trip right in their front
yard. We can deduce that these travelers to the West had little experience; therefore, answer choice (D) inexperienced is
correct.

27. B The correct answer is (B) because the riverboat was mentioned only as transportation to reach Missouri from the East.
Lines 17-19 describe the choices of transportation from the jump-off points on the Missouri River to the West, (A),
(C),and(D).

28. C From the context of lines 6-7 we know that the topic is travel. The phrase staying on the paddle-wheelers is juxtaposed
with before striking overland to indicate a contrast; we deduce that (C) departing is the answer choice that is correct in this
context.

29. C The correct answer is (C). Clues to inferring that inexperienced is the best replacement are found in lines 15-16;... the
emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, asked questions of others.... Studying guidebooks and directions, and asking
questions of other travelers indicates that the emigrants lacked experience and needed information about the trip west. (A),
(B), and (C) do not logically fit in this context.
30. C The correct answer C is found in line 20 but it provided space and shelter for children and for a wife... , and also lines
24-25... most pioneers, with their farm background, were used to wagons. (A), (B), and (D) are all negative features of a
wagon for travel to the West, lines 21-23 and 19-20.

31. C In lines 19-23 we read a description of the problems that a covered wagon could have during the overland trip. "Those
things" in line 23 refer to the problems of traveling by wagon.

"The economic history of the United States", one scholar has written, "is the history of the rise and development of the
capitalistic system." The colonists of the eighteenth century pushed forward what those of the seventeenth century had
begun: the expansion and elaboration of an economy born in the great age of capitalist expansion.

Our excellent natural resources paved the way for the development of abundant capital to increase our growth. Capital
includes the tools-such as machines, vehicles, and buildings-that make the outputs of labor and resources more valuable. But
it also includes the funds necessary to buy those tools. If a society had to consume everything it produced just to stay alive,
nothing could be put aside to increase future productions. But if a farmer can grow more corn than his family needs to eat,
he can use the surplus as seed to increase the next crop, or to feed workers who build tractors. This process of capital
accumulation was aided in the American economy by our cultural heritage. Saving played an important role in the European
tradition; it contributed to Americans' motivation to put something aside today for the tools to buy tomorrow.

The great bulk of the accumulated wealth of America, as distinguished from that which was consumed, was derived either
directly or indirectly from trade. Though some manufacturing existed, its role in the accumulation of capital was negligible. A
merchant class of opulent proportions was already visible in the seaboard cities, its wealth the obvious consequence of
shrewd and resourceful management of the carrying trade. Even the rich planters of tidewater Virginia and the rice coast of
South Carolina finally depended for their genteel way of life upon the ships and merchants who sold their tobacco and rice in
the markets of Europe. As colonial production rose and trade expanded, a business community emerged in the colonies,
linking the provinces by lines of trade and identity of interest.

32
With what subject is this passage mainly concerned?
A
Geography
Finance
Economics
Culture
B
C
D
33
The phrase "paved the way for" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
A
paid for
supported
accumulated
resembled
B
C
D
34
In line 9 the word "it" refers to
A
growth
resources
labor
capital
B
C
D
35
According to the passage, capital includes all of the following EXCEPT
A
factories
tractors
money
workers
B
C
D
36
In line 9, the word "funds" is closest in meaning to
A
money
resources
output
support
B
C
D
37
The phrase "put aside" in lines 10-11 is closest in meaning to
A
hidden
saved
reviewed
consumed
B
C
D
38
According to the passage, which of the following would lead to accumulating capital?
A
Training workers who produce goods
Studying the cultural history of the country
Consuming what is produced
Planting more of a crop than is needed
B
C
D
39
It can be inferred from the passage that the European ancestors of early Americans
A
sent many tools to America
taught their skills to their offspring
were accustomed to saving
were good farmers
B
C
D
40
According to the passage, the emergence of a business community in the colonies was a result of
A
efficient saving
the immigration of wealthy bankers
the success of production and trade
the existence of manufacturing
B
C
D

ANSWER KEY
32. C The correct answer is (C) because the passage discusses the issues of economics, not finance, geography, or culture.
Key terms are economic history, capitalist expansion, natural resources, capital, capital accumulation, and trade.

33. B The meaning of the phrase "paved the way for" can be deduced by deciding in what way the key terms in the sentence
are related: natural resources, the development of abundant capital, to increase our growth. The rest of the paragraph
indicates that capital and growth developed positively because of natural resources; therefore, the correct answer is (B)
supported.

34. D The pronoun "it" in line 9 refers to Capital in line 7, which is the topic of the sentence and which is followed by an
explanation of what capital includes. The use of the word also and the repetition of the verb includes after "it" in line 9 are
other clues that capital is the referent.

35. D The correct answer (D) is found in lines 7-8, where capital is described... such as machines, vehicles, and buildings....
(A) is a building, (B) is a vehicle. (C) is found in line 9 which states But it also includes the funds, where it is capital. The only
choice not mentioned is (D) workers, which is correct.

36. A The meaning of the word "funds" in line 9 can be deduced by knowing that part of what capital includes is tools, which
are listed in lines 7 and 8 as machines, vehicles, and buildings. In addition, capital includes "funds" (line 9), which are different
from tools. Answer choice (A) money is the correct meaning of funds.

37. В In the context of this passage, the phrase put aside is related to an economic concept. In this context, answer choice
(B) saved is correct.

38. D The correct answer is found in line 13 This process of capital accumulation.... where this process refers to the
preceding lines 11-12 But if a farmer can grow more corn than his family needs to eat, he can use the surplus asseed to
increase the next crop. (A), (B), and (C) do not result in accumulating capital.

39. C The correct answer (C) is found in lines 14—15 Saving played an important role in the European tradition. Something
that people are accustomed to plays an important role. (A), (B) and (D) are not mentioned in the passage as things that the
European ancestors of early Americans did.

40. C The correct answer (C) is found in the last paragraph. The first line states, The great bulk of the accumulated wealth of
America... was derived either directly or indirectly from trade. The last line states, As colonial production rose and trade
expanded, a business community emerged in the colonies, linking the provinces by lines of trade and identity of interest.
Answer (A) is not mentioned in the passage as a cause of the emergence of a business class; answers (C) and (D) are not
discussed in the passage.

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is
harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and
widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is
not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the
body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food
allergy, since it can show up so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have
rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to
milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these
foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be
protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium
nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken
livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been
successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are
hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A
few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has
written the book Why your Child is Hyperactive. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is
effective.

41
The topic of this passage is
A
reactions to foods
food and nutrition
infants and allergies
a good diet
B
C
D
42
According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to
A
the vast number of different foods we eat
lack of a proper treatment plan
the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
the use of prepared formula to feed babies
B
C
D
43
The word "symptoms" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
A
indications
diet
diagnosis
prescriptions
B
C
D
44
The phrase "set off" in lines 14-15 is closest in meaning to
A
relieved
identified
avoided
triggered
B
C
D
45
What can be inferred about babies from this passage?
A
They can eat almost anything.
They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
They gain little benefit from being breast fed.
They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.
B
C
D
46
The word "hyperactive" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
A
overly active
unusually low activity
excited
inquisitive
B
C
D
47
The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to allergies has to do with the infant's
A
lack of teeth
poor metabolism
underdeveloped intestinal tract
inability to swallow solid foods
B
C
D
48
The word "these" in line 22 refers to
A
food additives
food colorings
unnutritious foods
foods high in salicylates
B
C
D
49
Which of the following was a suggested treatment for migraines in the passage?
A
Eating more ripe bananas
Avoiding all Oriental foods
Getting plenty of sodium nitrate
Using Vitamin B in addition to a good diet
B
C
D

50
According to the article the Feingold diet is NOT

A
verified by researchers as being consistently effective
available in book form
beneficial for hyperactive children
designed to eliminate foods containing certain food additives

ANSWER KEY
41. A The correct answer (A) is the most general of the choices and includes the topics of the three paragraphs in the
passage. (B), (C), and (D) are too specific and are mentioned as details in the passage.

42. C The correct answer (C) is found in lines 8-9 Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can
show up so many different ways. It can show up so many different ways is similar in meaning to the similarity of symptoms of
the allergy to other problems. (A), (B), and (D) are not true according to the passage.

43. A Clues to the meaning of "symptoms" are the phrases show up so many different ways (lines 8-9) and other problems
(line 9), followed by a list of afflictions that may indicate food aallergies rashes, hives, joint pains, mimicking arthritis,
headaches, irritability, or depression.
44. D The organization of the paragraph is а cluе to the meaning of "set off." The passive sentence (lines 14-15) indicates
that certain foods set off migraines (the first step in the process of getting migraines) and is followed in the last sentence in
the paragraph by Some people have been successful in treating their migraines..., (a stage after the migraine is in progress).
In this context "set off" means to trigger or to quickly put into action.

45. B The correct answer (B) is found in lines 13-14. The passage states that... if these foods are not fed to an infant until her
or his intestines mature at around seven months, which is similar in meaning to have a carefully restricted diet as infants. (A),
(C), and (D) are not true according to the passage.

46. A A clue to the meaning of "hyperactive" is to analyze the parts of the word. Hyper means more than usual. The correct
answer choice is (A) overly active.

47. C The correct answer (C) is found in line 13. The clause until her or his intestines mature ... is similar in meaning to
underdeveloped intestinal tract. The other choices are not true according to the passage.

48. D The pronoun "these" in the phrase "a few of these" refers to the noun phrase that proceeds the pronoun, foods high
in salicylates. The foods listed (almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes) do not include unnatural foods with
additives or colorings.

49. D The correct answer (D) is found in lines 18-20. The other answer choices are not mentioned in the passage as a
treatment for migraines.

50. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 24-25. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet
is effective is similar in meaning to N ОТ verified by researchers as being consistently effective. (B), (C), and (D) are true for
the Feingold diet according to lines 20-24.