RELATIONSHIP

Every individual thing is affected by other things .

What we already know about our body!!

Weekly opdracht → open the link with name knowledge harvest!!
Make a copy of this document.

In the empty diagram of your body place the different organs that you can see.
Do not make any research on internet, do it as you think so(from your experience).

What you like to learn about ...

Write this in your notebook ….

Lesson 1
Objectives : the 9 organ systems in our bodies(part 1) .

9 organ systems

Digestive system

mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
anus
The digestive system breaks down food in such small pieces that nutrients can be
absorbed into your bloodstream .

These small pieces are : glucose(that gives us energy)

amino acids(that makes proteins ) fatty acids ( that makes fat)

2. Breathing(Respiratory) system

The air comes inside your body through nasal & oral cavity .

Travels through the trachea to your lungs .

The lungs are the most important part of the breathing system .

From the air , they absorb oxygen into the bloodstream and they remove carbon
dioxide from the bloodstream to the air .
Nasal cavity
oral cavity
Trachea
Lung

3. Circulatory system

The circulatory system transports nutrients ,oxygen and other substances .

Your heart pumps blood .

This blood,travels via the blood vessels to all organs in your body .

Arteries send the blood away from the heart.(red lines)

Veins bring the blood back to the heart .(blue lines)

Blood vessels
Heart

4. Nervous system

The nervous system makes sure that all the organs work well.

Your brain sends messages that travel through the spinal cold and rich the nerves
. The nerves send messages to your muscles ,so you are able respond to the world
around you by moving your hands,legs etc

Your sense organs

(skin,nose,mouth/tongue,eyes,ears) when they receive a message from the world
around you, they send this message through nerves to your brain . So , you are
able to understand what is happening around you .
We can call also this sensory system.
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

5. Urinary system

Via urinary system your body removes its waste liquid products

Our body generates lots of unwanted liquid waste. These are toxic products which
will circulate in our blood and it is important to get rid of them.

The urinary system starts in the kidneys. When bloods goes through kidneys it
separates the waste compound.

These liquids travel through the ureters to your bladder.

Once you are ready to get rid off these liquids the bladder will push them to the
urethra from where they go away.

Urethra
bladder
Ureter
Kidney

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Lesson 2
Objectives : the 9 organ systems in our bodies (part 2).

9 organ systems

6.reproductive system
All living things reproduce, or create offspring. Animals’ offspring are often
called babies. The body parts that allow animals to create babies belong to the
reproductive system.
Some animals can create offspring through asexual reproduction.
Most animals use sexual reproduction to have babies. This means that two sex cells,
one from a male and one from a female, join together to create a baby.
In men the main reproductive organs are the testes. The two oval-shaped testes sit
behind the penis. The testes make the male sex cells, called sperm. The sperm
travel through a tube toward the penis.
In women the main reproductive organs are the ovaries. The two almond-shaped
ovaries sit inside the lower belly. When a girl is born her ovaries contain up to
500,000 egg cells. Two tubes, called fallopian tubes, connect the ovaries to the
uterus. The uterus is a muscular organ that holds a growing baby.
Beginning when a girl is about 12 years old, one ovary releases an egg once a
month. This process is called ovulation.The egg travels from the ovary through the
fallopian tube to the uterus. If the egg does not meet a sperm cell on its journey,
it dies.

7.skeletal system
All the bones in the human body together are called the skeletal system. The
skeletal system provides strength to our body so we don't just flop around like
jellyfish. We have 206 bones in our body. Each bone has a function. Some bones
offer protection to softer parts of body.
The skeletal system includes more than just bones. It also includes tendons &
ligaments. Tendons attach our bones to muscles so we can move around. Ligaments
attach bones to other bones.
Around 70 percent of your bones are not living tissue, but hard minerals like
calcium

Long bones
Short bones

8.muscular system
Muscles are how we move and live. All movement in the body is controlled by
muscles. Some muscles work without us thinking, like our heart beating, while other
muscles are controlled by our thoughts and allow us to do stuff and move around.
Muscles work by contracting and relaxing.

Muscles are connected to the bones through tendons.

When the muscle contracts, this pulls the bones it's connected to closer together.
.

9.immune system
The immune system helps to protect us against diseases caused by tiny
organisms(called pathogens) such as viruses, bacteria, and fungus. The immune
system is made up of specialized organs, cells, and tissues that all work together
to destroy these organisms.

Some of the main organs involved in the immune system include the spleen, lymph,
thymus, and bone marrow.

The main role of immune system is to produce antibodies(blood cells) that fight the
pathogens.

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Lesson 3

Objectives : how do muscles get energy .

When you ride your bike your muscles need lots of energy to move .

Muscles gets this energy from different substances,such as glucose .

When glucose is broken down(respiration) this gives energy
→ muscle cells → muscles move.

In order to break down glucose we need oxygen .

Glucose enters your body via digestive system .

2. Oxygen enters your body via respiratory system .

3.oxygen & glucose reach your muscle cells via circulatory system .

4. Muscle cells break down glucose (respiration ) → energy + CO2 + H2O

O
G

CO2 + H2O
 Are removed via circulatory , breathing (respiratory) & excretory system .

CO2 is removed when you breathe .

H2O is removed via excretory system .

Lesson 4

Objectives : breathing(respiratory) system

2. Breathing(Respiratory) system

The air comes inside your body through nasal & oral cavity .

Travels through the trachea to your lungs .

The lungs are the most important part of the breathing system .

From the air , they absorb oxygen into the bloodstream and they remove carbon
dioxide from the bloodstream to the air .
Nasal cavity
oral cavity
Trachea
Lung

Lungs are attached to the chest cavity .

When you inhale you expand the chest cavity .

When you exhale you contract the chest cavity .

Muscles & Tissues work together .

Air flows inwards : inhale

Ribs tilt upwards .

Rib case increases its volume.

Lungs increase in volume .

The air pressure in lungs decreases .

Diaphragm goes down

Air flows outwards : exhale

Ribs fall downwards .

Rib case decreases its volume.

Lungs decrease in volume .

The air pressure in lungs increases .

Diaphragm goes up ( becomes more convex)

Answer these questions in your notebook :

What is represented by the cavity of the plastic glass?
The Y-shaped tube?
The balloons?
The Rubber sheet.
Pull down the rubber sheet -what happened and why?
What is missing from this model of the human breathing system ?

When you inhale

air flows into your nasal/oral cavity
travels through your pharynx
ends up to your trachea

Your trachea is strengthened with rings.

This ensures that it is always open .
Trachea ends up into your lungs where divided into two ranches → bronchi .
Each bronchi ends up to → alveoli .

Two things happen in the alveoli :

1.oxygen passes from the alveoli → bloodstream .
2. Carbon dioxide passes from the bloodstream → alveoli
Gas exchange .

Your body consumes lots of energy .

So,gas exchange needs to take place really fast.
The following characteristics help this procedure:
You have many alveoli . Gas exchange can take place on the same time in lots of
different places.

The walls of alveoli are thin . So , oxygen & carbon dioxide can pass through
really easily.

The air within alveoli is continuously refreshed.New oxygen enters your lungs and
carbon dioxide is removed.

Why do you have to breathe through your nose?

The alveoli are very fragile because of their thin walls.They can be easily damaged
.
That is the reason why the air in the nasal cavity, trachea & bronchi is
continuously cleaned.
Your nose hairs filter out any dust .
Mucus producing in the inside of your nasal cavity,trachea & bronchi produce
mucus .The mucus makes the pathogens & dust particles to stick on it .

Lesson 5

Objectives : blood cells

3. Circulatory system

The circulatory system transports nutrients ,oxygen and other substances .

Your heart pumps blood .

This blood,travels via the blood vessels to all organs in your body .

Arteries send the blood away from the heart.(red lines)

Veins bring the blood back to the heart .(blue lines)

Blood vessels
Heart

the 1st test tube contains fresh blood .

the 2nd test tube contains blood that has been left for 1 day.

Light yellow liquid → blood plasma .

Plasma serves as the main transportation component in the body since it is the
liquid part of blood.
Nutrients such as calcium and all other components of blood travel via plasma.

Dark yellow liquid → platelets

Platelets stop from bleeding .
When blood is exposed to air, platelets become sticky and form internal and
external “scabs” to catch the blood cells and plasma, thereby stopping bleeding.

Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells

transport oxygen throughout the body.

covered in a protein called hemoglobin on outer surface. Hemoglobin has iron

molecules attached to it and bonds with oxygen.

iron combining with the oxygen gives red blood cells their red color.
White Blood Cells
-fight disease .

-they recognize pathogens ( microorganisms that are not part of your body)
& they destroy them by using a variety of methods.

-average is 5,000-10,000 white blood cells per drop of blood

By using your study book(q.7-11) complete the function of each blood cell in your
handout .
10 MINUTES TO DO THAT !!

1.Draw a big-fat-long yellow line like this one from one side of your paer to the
other one

2. Inside this line glue in random places the :

-white beans
- raspberries
-coco pieces

3. Identify which of them is your

Plasma
Platelets
White blood cells
Red blood cells

4. Cut & glue your handouts on your poster and draw arrows to show the different
parts of your poster.

Lesson 6

Objectives : parts of the heart

1.The blood (poor of oxygen) flows into the right atrium via the vena cava.

2. After that blood flows to your right ventricle.From there through the
pulmonary artery goes to your lungs and receives oxygen.

3. Now the blood(rich of oxygen) enters your heart again to the left atrium via the
pulmonary vein.From there it goes to the left ventricle.

4.The blood flows away all over your body through the aorta.

Between your atria and ventricles there are heart valves which ensure that every
time the blood flows only one way.

Lesson 7

Objectives : circulatory system

Pulmonary circulation

It starts in the right ventricle,blood (poor of oxygen)travels through the

pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
In the lungs it releases the carbon dioxide and receives oxygen.

The blood ( rich of oxygen) travels through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium
of your heart .
RV
LV
RA LA

Systemic circulation

It starts in the left ventricle.Blood (rich of oxygen) travels through the aorta to
an organ .

The blood releases the oxygen to the cells of the organ and absorbs carbon dioxide.

The blood(poor of oxygen) travels through the vena cava to the right atrium. After
this,the blood joins the pulmonary circulatory system again.
RV
LV
RA LA

Lesson 8

Objectives : cells

9 organ systems