ANTI THEFT DEVICE
PIR SENSOR
ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN WORKSHOP
TEAM MEMBERS :
2000040295
DEVISREEREDDY
2000040143
MONIKAREDDY
2000040206
MUNNA SHAIK
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Agenda:
Abstract
Introduction
Components used
Block diagram
Screenshots of the code
Connections
Code
Working
Result and analysis
Conclusion
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ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to develop a motion
sensor alarm based on a Passive Infra-Red (PIR). This
project is aim to build a sensor system which is
transmit and receive the signal. This project is about
the motion detection using Infra-Red sensor in
wirelessly. Besides that, it also acted as an auto power
switching system. When the sensor is triggered, the
signal will transmit wirelessly to take further action.
For this project, we relate this sensor system with an
auto power light switching system. Which mean when
the sensor is triggered, light in a room will
automatically switch ON. In order to transmit signal
wirelessly, this project will used radio frequency
module to transmit the signal. For the controller
circuit part, this project will use Programmable
Interface Controller (PIC) to control the circuit,
because it is cheaper and easier to program. The
objective of this project is tending to switch ON the
light automatically and fan based on the temperature.
Besides that, signal transmit wirelessly can avoid the
circuit malfunction because of wire broken. After done
some research from the internet and advice from the
lecturer, tools and equipment are identified to
completing the project. Current temperature will
shows on a LCD display.
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1. INTRODUCTION:
Motion detection using a PIR sensor circuit can be
used for providing security to home, shopping malls
etc, as the PIR sensor used in this system detects the
motion of human around this circuit. With the help of
buzzer, we can identify the motion of human which
was detected by the sensor. This system can be used at
any place where security is needed. Security is needed
by everyone in the society now-a-days to protect their
property or confidential information from others
which is sensor sense a human motion and then
transmit the signal wirelessly. However, this project
will relate to auto power ON light and fan system.
When the sensor senses a human motion in the
sensor’s detection area, sensor will be triggered and
then the room’s light will automatically switch ON. It
is useful for us when we cannot find the switch in the
dark condition. For the fan’s function, it is depends on
the room temperature, when the temperature is
higher, fan will run when the PIR had detect motion in
the detection area. When the room temperature is low,
fan will not run. Degree of temperature is measure by
the temperature sensor and temperature will show on
a LCD display (2x16). Light and fan will automatically
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OFF when the user was going out from the room. As
long as PIR sensor does not detect motion in the
detection area, light and fans are not function and the
fan is depends on the room temperature. Once the
sensor is triggered, system will have around 2 minutes
to run the function. After 2 minutes and sensor does
not detect any motion, light and fans will be switched
OFF automatically.
1.1) PIR sensor :
A passive infrared sensor is an electronic sensor that
measures infrared light radiating from objects in its
field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based
motion detectors. PIR sensors are commonly used in
security alarms and automatic lighting applications.
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COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
• Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
• PIR Sensor
• 5V Buzzer
• Connecting Wires
• Mini Breadboard
• Power Supply
• Computer
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Block diagram:
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
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EXPLANATION OF CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
A buzzer and a pir sensor are connected to the
raspberry pi.
Connect the PIR sensor's pin labelled VCC to the 5V
pin on the Raspberry Pi. This provides power to the
PIR sensor.
Connect the one labelled GND to a ground pin on the
Pi (also labelled GND). This completes the circuit.
Connect the one labelled OUT to any numbered GPIO
pin on the Pi.
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Applications :
The applications of the PIR Motion Sensor using
Raspberry Pi project are
• Automatic Room Light
• Motion Detection
• Intruder Alert
• Automatic Door Opening
• Home Security System
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System Overview
The PIR sensor emits an output anytime motion
is detected within the range of its sensors. The
Raspberry Pi executes a Python program that
tracks input on one of the Pi’s I/O pins. The
indication of motion being detected is provided
in multiple ways. They are:
Indication on the monitor/ display with a
message that reads, “Motion Detected”.
An LED is lit up on the breadboard.
The Raspberry Pi camera captures an image and
sends an email with the image as an attachment.
The Raspberry Pi camera records video for a
time period of 5 seconds and converts it from the
native .h264 format to MP4 format for ease of
consumption.
To display the message on the console, the input
from the Pi’s input pin is used by the Python
program. Lighting up of the LED is achieved by
connecting the output pin of the PIR Sensors to
the LED. The output pin of the PIR Sensor emits
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a signal when motion is detected which is then
used by the LED to light up. Capturing images,
recording videos and sending emails out to users
are achieved by the use of different tools
compatible with Raspberry Pi and Python. All of
these mechanisms are discussed in the following
sections of this paper.
Hardware System Specifications
Raspberry Pi 3, Model B+, 1 GB RAM
PIR Motion Sensors
Raspberry Pi Camera
Resistor to regulate voltage
LED Breadboard
Connector cables male to female and female to
male
Monitor to display output(could be a laptop)
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Software System Specifications
Linux based OS(Raspbian OS)
Python and tools compatible with Python such
as Config Parser and GPAC
VNC Viewer
Putty
Raspberrypi overview:
The following are the most important
components of Raspberry Pi 3:
Ethernet port
4 USB 2.0 ports
HDMI output
GPIO (General Purpose Input/ Output)
The GPIO of the Raspberry Pi is the most critical
component which make interactions with the
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breadboard (or any other external interaction)
possible. A total of 40 GPIO pins are present on
the Raspberry Pi. The voltages and the input/
output capabilities of the pins are as follows:
Voltages: Two 5V pins and two 3V pins are
present on the board, as well as a number of
ground pins which are not configurable. The
remaining pins are all general purpose 3V pins,
meaning outputs are set to 3V and inputs are 3V
tolerant.
Output: A GPIO pin designated as an output
pin can be set to high (3V) or low (0V).
Input: A GPIO designated as an input pin can
be as high (3V) or low (0V). Pull-up and pull-
down resistors can be used for this purpose. Only
pins GPIO2 and GPIO3 have fixed pull-up
resistors, but the others have to be configured in
software.
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2.2 PIR Motion Sensor Overview
PIR Motion Sensors are made of pyroelectric
sensors and the sensors work on the principle of
Pyroelectricity. Pyroelectricity is described as a
property of materials where materials generate a
certain amount of voltage when they are subject
to temperature changes i.e. heated or cooled.
Every entity, be it a living or a non-living entity
emits a certain level of radiation and the amount
of radiation emitted is directly proportional to
the temperature of a particular entity (It is
interesting to note that human beings emit
radiation that is around 12 microns).
2.2.1 Components of PIR Motion Sensor
BIS0001 PIR Chip: The ‘BISS0001 PIR Chip’ is a
low-power CMOS technology chip.
Delay Time Adjust Knob: The Delay Time
Adjust knob determines the period of time for
which the output of the PIR sensor remains high
after detection of motion. It is adjustable and can
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be made to vary between 3 seconds and 5
minutes.
Sensitivity Adjust knob: The sensitivity adjust
knob determines the distance (range) of motion
detection of the sensor. It can be made to vary
between 3 meters and 7 meters. The view area of
the sensors is typically 110 degrees.
Digital OUT: Digital pulse high (3V) when
triggered (motion detected) digital low when idle
(no motion detected).
2.2.2 Working of a PIR Motion Sensor
The PIR Motion Sensor has two slots, each slot
made of a material that is sensitive to Infrared
radiation and a lens. Both the slots can detect
motion within the sensitivity range of the
sensors. In their idle state where the sensors are
exposed to ambient conditions, both the slots
detect the same amount of IR radiation. Figure 6:
Working of PIR Motion Sensor However, as an
object such as a human or an animal approaches
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the sensor, the object intercepts one half of the
PIR sensor, which causes a positive differential
change between the two halves. As the object
leaves the sensing are, the opposite happens and
the sensor generates a negative differential
change. The positive and negative differential
changes trigger an output signal as show in figure
5. As a result of the pulse changes, the PIR Sensor
triggers an output pulse which is typically 3V in
magnitude. In addition to the sensors, the lens on
the PIR sensors is another critical component
which aids in effective function of the device. The
lens around the sensors is a Fresnel lens. The use
of Fresnel lens reduces the amount of material
required compared to a conventional lens by
dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular
sections.
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