Jute Draw frame

Jute is a natural fiber. Jute is also known as the “golden fiber” due to its golden brown color and

its importance. It is also called a bast fiber because it is obtained from the bast layer of plants. It

is one kind of cellulosic fiber. As jute is a long staple fiber, it is produced by a long-staple

spinning process. Naturally, jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse

strong threads. Jute fiber offers strength, low cost, high durability, and versatility. It is a cheap

natural fiber having variety of end uses, for example to make hessian sacks, garden twine, ropes,

and carpets and other diverse textile and non-textile applications including technical textiles. Jute

is also used nowadays for furnishing and decorative upholstery products as home textiles. The

flow chart of jute spinning process is as follows:

Process Flow Chart of Jute Yarn Manufacturing

Selection of jute for a batch according to jute grade

Piecing up

Softening and Lubricating

Conditioning or Pilling

Breaker Carding

↓
 Finisher Carding

First Drawing

Second Drawing

Third Drawing / Finisher drawing

Spinning

Jute Yarn

Twisting

Spool winding

Yan package

Delivery
The main function of jute spinning process units is to convert jute fiber into yarn for

various end uses. The type of jute yarn that is made can be classified according to the

application/use such as fine yarn, hessian yarn, carpet, sacking yarn, etc. various, etc.

according to the need and use.

Advantages of Jute Fiber

1. Static charges are not produced during Jute Product making or using.

2. Temperature is passed in this fiber slowly.

3. Moisture Regain properties is good.

4. 100% Biodegradable.

5. Cheap in market.

6. Insulating fiber.

7. Tensile strength is high.

8. Can be widely used in Agriculture Sector, Textile Sector, Woven Sector, and

Nonwoven Sector.

9. Highly breathable and comfortable to use.

10. Jute Fiber can be blended with Natural and Synthetic fibers.

11. Can be died by Basic, Vat, Sulpher and Reactive Dyes.

Objectives:

 To individualize jute fibers.

 To make the fibers in sliver more or less parallel to one another.

 To reduce sliver weight per unit length.

 To increase the uniformity of sliver.

 Minimization of irregularity by doubling.

Functions of Jute Drawing

1. Drafting the finisher card sliver to a count suitable for feeding the spinning frames.

2. Reduction of weight irregularities by doubling.

3. Straightening the fibers & laying them along the sliver axis so that when they come to be spun

on the spinning frame they will be evenly drafted & twisted to form an acceptable yarn.

Main functions:

Drawing: To reduce the weight per unit length of the sliver by drafting is called drawing.

Drawing takes place between retaining roller & drawing roller. Drawing increases the sliver

irregularities, which was removed by doubling.

Doubling: To produce one sliver from two or more sliver is called doubling. Doubling is done

by doubling plate. Doubling reduces the sliver irregularities.

Drafting: The ratio of the surface speed of deliver (drawing) roller & feed (retaining roller) is

called drafting.
Main parts Jute 1st draw frame:

 Fluted feed roller.

 Retaining rollers (front and back)

 Slip roller.

 Feed plate.

 Faller bar.

 Drawing roller.

 Drawing pressing roller.

 Delivery roller.

 Delivery pressing roller.

 Doubling plate.

 Roll former.

 Back plate.

 Faller carrier separate.

 Gill pin.

 Guide plate.

Material Passage of Jute 1st Draw Frame Machine:

The machine can be roll-fed. For the roll feeding a roller feeder (fluted feed roller) is necessary.

Again the delivery may be taken in roll form by a roll-former at the delivery end. The sliver feed

end pass side by side over the feed plate and then under the back retaining roller, over the slip

roller and again under the front retaining roller. The slivers then pass over the moving gills being

penetrated in their pins at the centre. After necessary drafting the slivers pass between the

drawing and drawing pressing rollers to the doubling plate. Here the slivers are grouped in equal
numbers for doubling. Then they are passed through a pair of delivery rollers and at last

collected in roll former by a roller former.

Fig: Material passage diagram of jute 1st draw frame

A= Back plate;

B= Back Retaining roller;

C= Jockey or slip roller;

D= Front Retaining roller;

E= Faller carrier sprocket;

F= gill pin;

G= Drawing roller;

H= Drawing pressing roller;

I= Guide plate;

J= Doubling plate;

K= Delivery roller;

L= Delivery pressing roller

Drawing is a process for reducing sliver width and thickness by simultaneously mixing 4

to 6 sliver together. There are three types of Drawing Frame machine. In most mills 3 Drawing

passages are used in Hessian and 2 Drawing passages are used in Sacking.

First Drawing:

The slivers obtained from finisher carding machine is fed with four slivers on to the first

drawing frame machine. The first drawing frame machines makes blending, equalizing the sliver

and doubling two or more slivers, level and provide quality and colour. This machines includes

delivery roller, pressing roller, retaining roller, faller screw sliders, check spring, back spring,

crimpling box etc.

Second Drawing:

In second drawing, the Second Drawing Frame machine obtain the sliver from the First

drawing machine and use six slivers and deliveries per head. The Second Drawing machine

makes more uniform sliver and reduce the jute into a suitable size for third drawing.

Third Drawing:

In the third drawing, the Third Drawing frame machine uses the sliver from second

drawing. The Third Drawing machine is of high speed makes the sliver more crimpled and

suitable for spinning. The comparison of the three drawing process:

(%)

1st Drawing 55 - 73 1.75 - 2.2

2nd Drawing 64-74 1.62 - 1.9

3rd Drawing 67-70 1.31 - 1.4

Types of Jute Draw Frame

1. According to the Faller bar mechanism-

a) Push bar type drawing frame.

b) Spiral drawing frame.

2. On the basis of yarn count-

a) For Hessian warp and weft & sacking warp yarns of 7 lbs/spyndle & above,

i. First drawing frame (Push bar type).

ii. Second drawing frame (Spiral type).

iii. Third drawing frame (Spiral type).

b) For sacking weft yarn 20 lbs/spyndle & over,

ii. Second drawing frame.

1. Push bar type:

In this type of draw frame, in between the retaining and drawing rollers there are two carrier

wheel shafts which drive the faller bars. The bars move forward on the slide driven by the teeth

of the carrier wheel. The fallers have specially designed crank ends which run in slides on the

machine frame. The bars bear across the full width, the bar behind pushing the bar in front. The

carrier wheel has half as many teeth as there are faller bars, alternate bars being driven from

opposite side of the machine.

2. Spiral or Screw gill type:

In this type there are two spiral screws on each side, one set directly above the other. The ends of

each faller bar are cut to fit into the grooves on the spirals so that as the screws rotate they drive

the faller bars along. As each faller bar comes to the end of the top screw it is knocked down on

the bottom one by a cam on the top screw, springs holding it steady as it falls into the grooves of

the bottom screw . The bottom spiral is more coarsely pitched than the top one so that the faller

bars are returned quickly to the back of the machine ready to be lifted by cams on the bottom

screw up into the spirals of the top screw. By having a coarse spiral on the bottom fewer bars are

needed to complete the gill sheet.

The common arrangement for hessian qualities is to have three drawing passages over a first

push bar, a second double thread spiral and a finisher triple thread spiral drawing. The double

thread and triple thread are designed to increase the speed of the faller bars. The differences
between the push bar type draw frame and spiral type draw frame are as shown in the Table

below.

Push Bar Type Spiral (Screw gill t)ype

Faller drops up to 850/min Faller drops 400/min to 650/min

Faller bar lead 4-10% Faller bar lead 1.5-4.5%

Less noise More noise

Tends to clog with dirt Self-cleaning because of the jerk at each drop

Pinning good Pinning excellent

As the sliver becomes finer in its passage through the drawing stages the coherence between the

fibres gradually decreases. It is difficult to handle and also carry up the back of the spinning

frame. To overcome this, the sliver is crimped by the crimping box attached to the delivery of the

draw frame to insert certain amount of cohesion to the strand. The sliver leaves the nip of the

drafting roller and passes down the silver plate into the nip of a pair of fluted delivery rollers, the

upper one being spring loaded and positively driven through a wide pitch gear from the lower

one.

The sliver is driven into the box where it meets a metal finger hanging down into the box. The

finger blocks the motion of the sliver and fills the box quickly. When more slivers enters at the

back the lid of the box is forced to open and the crimped sliver exits. These slivers are then

collected in the cans which rest on can turning plates at the front of the machine and packed with

the help of the up and down movement of the can tramping arms attached with the frames one

for each delivery.

Machine Draft Doubling Sliver (Ktex) Faller drops per min

1st Drawing 3.5-5 2 or 4 40-80 Push bar type- 700-850

2nd Drawing 5-7 3 or 4 23-28 Double spiral- 250-400

3rd Drawing 8-10 1 or 2 4.5-6 Triple Spiral 350-650

Features of Push bar draw frame:

i. This is a high speed type of draw frame.

ii. It is used as a first draw frame.

iii. It has two heads.

iv. Four sliver per head.

v. Two deliveries per head.

vi. No. of doubling 2:1.

vii. Pitch distance = inch.

viii. Gill pins are controlled by carrier wheel at the back of the m/c.

ix. The rolls of finisher card delivery sliver is feed on the bottom fluted feed roller.

x. The m/c is normally roll-delivery type.

xi. Due to effect of draft that is higher speed drawing & drawing pressing rollers &

retaining rollers. The fibres held by the gill pin used become straight; reduce wt, per

unit length of the sliver.

xii. Due to doubling irregularity of the sliver is reduced to a greater extent.

xiii.
Definition & Terms

Reach: The distance from the centre point of the retraining r/r to the bite of the pressing &

drawing r/r is known as reach.

 Reach length is generally from (14-16 inch)

 The reach should be slightly longer than the longest fibre in the sliver

 Reach is adjusted with fibre length & it must be wider than the longest fibre length

If reach is less-

 Break the longer fibre

 Increase the waste-

 Produce irregular sliver

If reach higher

 These will no control on the loose & short fibres, so produces irregular sliver

Nip: The distance between the foremost gills where the pins leave the sliver & the bite of the

pressing & drawing r/r is known as nip.

This distance should be short as possible & its range from (2-9 inch).
Pitch of Faller: The distance between the one rows of pins of one faller bar to pins of next faller

bar is called pitch of faller.

Lead%: The difference in the surface speed of fallers over the surface speed of retaining r/r to

give sufficient tension to the sliver is known as lead%.

Surface speed of faller – surface speed of retaining roller