Annals of Agri-Bio Research 26 (2) : 209-213, 2021 Impact Factor : 0.

28
(Scopus)

The Efficacy of Anaerobic Capacity Interval Training on Kick Endurance

of PencakSilat Athletes
RASYDI SUMETRY*, SYAFRUDIN, GUSRIL AND DAIMON SYUKRI1
Post Graduate Program of Education Science, Padang State University, Indonesia
(e-mail : escience401@gmail.com; Contact : +62-812-66611177)

(Received : April 25, 2021; Accepted : June 14, 2021)

ABSTRACT

PencakSilat is a sport that is competed at the international level, such as the Sea Games, Asian
Games and World Championships. This study aimed at determining the effect of the interval method as
well as the level of anaerobic capacity of athletes on the increment of endurance of PencakSilat kicks
during the competition. The participants conducted the simultaneous interval trainings both intensive
interval method and extensive interval method for four weeks before the endurance evaluation. Endurance
performance was measured by a time trail test of 300 m. From this study, it was found that the intensive
interval method had increased the endurance of the kicks of the PencakSilat athletes significantly.
Moreover, the power of the kicks of the PencakSilat athletes with a high anaerobic capacity had also
increased significantly. There was an interaction between the interval method and anaerobic capacity
for the increment of the power endurance of the PencakSilat athletes. There was a significant difference
between the intensive interval method with the capacity high anaerobic and the extensive interval
method with low anaerobic capacity. These findings suggested that the improvement of the power
endurance of the kicks of PencakSilat athletes could be achieved by doing the intensive interval training
with high anaerobic capacity. The result of this study could be utilized as a reference in curriculum
development for the education of PencakSilat in the future.

Key words : Competition, kick, physical condition, power endurance, training method

INTRODUCTION sports such as taekwondo and judo. Here, two

exponential silat squares over a circular area
PencakSilat is a sport practised by the younger of eight meters in diameter. The match
generation. The achievements made by this consists of three rounds of two minutes each
sport will have an impact on the nation and with one minute intervals between rounds.
country (Al-Amin et al., 2021). PencakSilat The stoppage time by the referee is not
could also construct good personality, ethics, included in the actual time of the match, so
morals, sportsmanship and discipline of the the actual duration of each half and thus the
youth. PencakSilat is a kind martial arts sport total match time is usually longer than the
that originates from Indonesian culture. scheduled two and eight minutes, respectively.
Recently, PencakSilat has developed into a Po in ts are aw arde d fo r bri ng in g do wn
part of world sports. The United Nations opponents, successful block defenses, and
Educatio nal, Scie ntific an d Cu ltural offensive punches and kicks to the chest,
Organi zati on h as determi ne d th at stomach and wings, sweeps and leg throws.
Pe ncakSi lat as an I ntan gi bl e Cu ltural Only attacks with an arm or leg are considered
Heritage from Indonesia. legal. Unlike other competitive martial arts,
Generally, PencakSilat is interpreted as self- launching of offensive and defensive moves
defense with empty hands, in other words, must begin with a special coordinated silat
without using weapons, tools or instruments. “step pattern”, otherwise the points earned
PencakSilat falls into two categories, art and afterwards will not be valid. The exponent who
contact. The first focuses on choreographic scores the highest number of points or drops
movements and silat patterns (Liskustyawati his opponent wins. In PencakSilat, techniques
et al., 2019). The latter is a heavily-categorized, often require explosive strength and ability to
full-contact, unarmed duel with a concept use force. In basic technical attacks, block and
similar to other conventional martial arts genius applications (defense), to be able to
1
Department of Crop Technology, Andalas University, Indonesia.
210 Sumetry, Syafrudin, Gusril and Syukri

move faster than the rival, it needs power. In TapakSuci College. Interval training combines
PencakSilat competitions, it includes short short, high-intensity bursts of speed, with slow,
and tiring repetitions. The first hit (kick- recovery phases, repeated during one exercise
punch) is important to win. Athletes attack or session (Cavar et al., 2018). An early form of
defend. The attacker tries to give initiative to interval training was casual and unstructured.
the rival to shorten the stroke distance and Interval training builds on short, high-
attack quickly. The defending athlete escapes intensity bursts of pace that alternate with
from the rival’s attack to the right or left and slower recovery phases during one workout.
blocks the attacker’s shot. Therefore, speed, Interval training can be very sophisticated and
displacement, power (Üstündag et al., 2017), structured training designed for an athlete
such as sliding, are part of performance. The based on his sport, event and current level of
athletes are usually very quick, strong and conditioning. Interval training is a type of
have good power endurance (Haugen et al., training that involves a series of high intensity
2019). workouts interspersed with rest or relief
Kicking is one of the most frequently used periods. The high-intensity periods are
skills in PencakSilat, and one of the most typically at or close to anaerobic exercise,
fundamental for PencakSilat performance. while the recovery periods involve activity of
The point of kicking in a match usually lower intensity (Rio, 2016; McEvoya et al.,
depends on the speed and the accuracy. 2017). Available literature data lack reliable
Kicking can be described as a summation of sources describing the effect of interval
forces. The motion pattern is generally training with anaerobic exercise approach on
accepted as a proximal to distal sequence in increasing power endurance in PencakSilat
which the distal segments are allowed to lag athletes. Therefore, the aim of this paper was
behind the proximal segments as they move to assess the parameters of the interval
forward, in which the foot is the last segment methods and the correlation with anaerobic
to intervene and the fastest segment in the exercise in increasing the power endurance
open kinetic chain (Ižovská et al., 2016). In of PencakSilat athletes, especially in kick’s
PencakSilat competitions, power endurance is power endurance.
very important. The competitions consist of
three rounds of two minutes each round and MATERIALS AND METHODS
heart rate increases to an average of 85% in
these competitions. So, it proves that this sport Forty PencakSilat athletes participated to the
has high intensity. Therefore, athletes need study voluntarily by taking “Informed Consent
to devel op th ei r po we r to su ccee d in Fo rm”. The ath le tes’ valu es w ere in
competitions, because scoring is taken with PencakSilat as mean of age 18 years, height
very short attacks. The athletes also need 165 cm, weight 65 kg, sport age five years
explosive strength to react. To obtain a lot of approximately. The height of the athletes was
scores, during the competition, PencakSilat’s measured by using an international brand
athletes must be able to attack and defend from height scale having an sensitivity. The values
the beginning to the end of the match. were recorded as “cm”. The body weight of the
Especially for kicks that consume more energy, athletes was measured by using a brand weight
good power endurance will make the accuracy scal e havi ng an accuracy o f 0.001 kg
of the kick could be maintained during the sensitivity. The values were recorded as “kg”.
match since endurance in sport has been Body Mass Index was calculated by dividing the
defined as the ability to maintain or repeat a body weight (kg) by the square of the body
given force or power output. height (m2).
Generally, there are several methods that can Data collection began in the academic year of
be used to increase kick power endurance, the PencakSilat Academy (September 2019),
namely, the plyometric method, the repetition previo usly participants had con du cted
method and the interval method (George et al., structured training at least in any form for 4
2015). The interval method is a general weeks. For intensive interval training, the
metho d that is applied to increase the participants had conducted various activities
en du rance of Pe ncakSi lat ath le te s in such as sprinting, biking, jump rope or other
Indonesia, especially for the students of body weight exercises. For example, a workout
 Kick endurance of PencakSilat athletes 211

using a stationary exercise bike could consist the future (Abildsnes et al., 2015; Mohammed,
of 30 seconds of cycling as fast as possible 2016).
against high resistance, followed by several The training method to increase the power
minutes of slow, easy cyclin g with low endurance of the fighter of PencakSilat has
resistance. For extensive interval training; been discussed in this study. There were two
had conducted with extensive interval running methods of training that recognized for this
(from 1000 to 4000 m) on the synthetic track purpose i. e. the interval training and the
(recovery was active jogging with  120 beats/ extensive interval method. The interval
min). At the start of the observation period, training constituted the intermittent variation
many participants had little or no exposure to of exertion and active recovery periods within
structured strength training. A comprehensive a training unit mean, while the extensive
test battery was applied and the following interval method was short exertion period with
physical qualities were assessed : anaerobic high load intensity. Both of the interval
power such as maximum power, minimum trai ni ng meth ods we re appl ie d to the
power and average power. The test was PencakSilat athletes in this study. The
measured by running anaerobic running application of anaerobic training on the
ability based on running which was carried out intensive interval and extensive interval
on separate days for 16 days of observation. methods were statistically analyzed (Table 1).
Endurance performance was measured by a Data indicated the Sig. = 0.036 which was less
performance time trial of 300 m. Data were than 0.05, therefore, it there was a difference
collected every day for 16 consecutive days. in the increasing of the power endurance of
Anaerobic capacity data on selected speed were the PencakSilat kicks between the observed
collected by administrating standard test and groups (intensive interval method training and
procedure. Pre-test data were collected two days the extensive interval method). Moreover, it
before the training program and post-test data also suggested that there was a difference in
were collected two days after the training the increasing of the power endurance of the
program. The data collected from the three PencakSilat kick between the high anaerobic
groups were statistically analyzed by analysis capacity group and the low anaerobic capacity
of variance. To make adjustment for difference group (Sig. = 0.000<0.05). In other words, the
in initial means, the adjusted post means increasing of kick endurance between the high
were calculated. Post hoc test was applied to anaerobic capacity group and the low anaerobic
determine which of the paired mean difference capacity group was neglected.
was significant, since three groups were In general, it suggested that there was an
involved. In all cases to test the significance interaction between the interval method and
0.05 level of confidence was utilized. anaerobic capacity to increase the power
en du rance of Pen cakSi lat ki cks. The
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION interaction between the interval method and
the anaerobic capacity as described above could
PencakSilat is the most famous self-defence be illustrated by the comparison of the average
sport in Indonesia especially in Sumatera on the increment of the power endurance of
Re gi on al . Fo r th e y ou ng er g en eratio n, the kicks of the PencakSilat athletes among
PencakSilat is one of their sports education four different treatment groups as described
facilities. Sport education is the strategic way in Fig. 1. It was observed that there was a
to produce quality human resources especially moderate negative association between power
for developed country. Through sport education, endurance and intensive interval method (r =
the young generations are given chance to – 0.60), but only a trivial correlation for
di re ctly i nvol ve d i n vari ou s le arni ng extensive method (r = 0.02).
experiences through physical activity, as The method for analyzing the anaerobic
playing and sporting can build and develop training impact was based on the modelling of
lifelong healthy and active lifestyle. Sport anaerobic work, and the session load scaling
education is also useful to develop physical and was based on the user’s physiological ability
mental power, as well as the social life of or current fitness level (Zachary et al., 2016).
stu dents and acade mic performance of This method provided a tool for assessing the
students, also to avoid any chronic disease in physiological training effect of any type of
212 Sumetry, Syafrudin, Gusril and Syukri

Table 1. Statistical analysis on anaerobic power of intensive interval training, extensive interval training and
power endurance

Source Sum of squares d. f. Mean square F Sig.

Corrected model 3195.730 3 1065.243 12. 951 0.000

Intercept 156382.002 1 156382.002 1.901E 3 0.000
Anaerobic capacity 390. 927 1 390. 927 4.753 0.036
method (high) 1392.884 1 1392.884 16. 935 0.000
Anaerobic capacity 1562.573 1 1562.573 18. 998 0.000
method (low)
Error 2961.045 36 82. 251
Total 160289.000 40
Corrected total 6156.775 39
as spe ci fi c ex ercises cho se n, w orko ut
100 Intensive stru cture, re si stan ce used, vo lu me
Extensive (repetitions and sets), rest intervals between
Power endurance

75 se ts, an d train in g frequ en cy , we re

manipulated to mold the strength training
program to best meet the athlete’s goals. From
50
the study, it was suggested that the intensive
interval method significantly increased the
25 endurance of PencakSilat kicks. Moreover, the
power endurance of the kicks of PencakSilat
0 athletes with a high anaerobic capacity
increased significantly. Furthermore, there
High Low was an interaction between the interval
Fig. 1. The interaction between the interval method me th od and an ae ro bi c capacity in the
and the anaerobic capacity. increment of the power endurance of the kicks
of PencakSilat athletes. In addition, there was
training session for those with an objective to
also a significant difference between the
develop high-intensity anaerobic and high-
intensive interval method with the capacity
intensity sprint performance capabilities (Carl
high anaerobic and the extensive interval
et al., 2015). In this study, the training effect
method with low anaerobic capacity. Therefore,
mostly referred to the impact of a training
in g en eral , it w as co nclu de d th at the
session on the development of anaerobic
improvement of the power endurance ability
performance.
of athletes’ PencakSilat kicks could be
Interval training had become very popular as conducted by doing intensive interval training
a time-saving training strategy for aerobic with high anaerobic capacity.
endurance athletes. Interval training involved
intensities at or above the oxygen availability ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
during physical activity, typically lasting
between 30 seconds and five minutes. For This paper was based on a thesis research
aerobic endurance athletes, the rest time titled ‘The effect of intensive intervals and
between intervals was usually equal to or less extensive intervals as well as anaerobic
than the work-time itself, which kept the capaci ty to in crease th e en du rance of
work-to-rest ratio at 1:1 or 2:1. Different types PencakSilat kicks’ in partial completion of a
of exercise–rest combinations were used at Dissertation on Education Science at Post
various points in the athlete’s season. The Graduate Program of Sport Education at Padang
main benefit of interval training came from State University.
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