Designation: A153/A153M - 16a Standard Specification for Ameean Asooaton Sie Hom aa Tnsponaton Ole Stand ASTON. ese Zine Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware’ “This sud ised ne the ed designation ALS3/AISOM; th ber ined following he designation nts the yor ‘fri adopsion on he ase of revision, the yer of lst eso. A numb in preteses inate the ea of Inst epg. ‘A spesrp pio () dats an edi chage sine the st vision &reappeova "hs sna has bon approved for ave by ages of the US. Deparment of Defense. 1. Seope* 1.1 This specification covers zinc coatings applied by the hhot-dip process on iron and steel hardware. The hot-dip galvanizing process consists of parts being immersed in molten Zine for a sufficient time to allow a metallurgical reaction between iron from the steel surface and the molten zinc, resulting in the formation of Zn/Fe alloy layers bonding the coating to the steel surface, 1.2 This specification is intended to be applicable to hard- ‘ware items that are centrifuged or otherwise handled to remove excess galvanizing bath metal (free zinc). Coating thickness grade requirements reflect this, 1.3 Fasteners that must comply with the Fastener Quality Act require specific statistical sampling during the inspection of the fastener lots. Requirements for the sampling of these fasteners can be found in F2329/F2329M, 1.4 This specification is applicable to orders in ether inch-pound units (as A153) or in SI units (as A1S3M), Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily exact equivalents. Within the text of this specification and where appropriate, SI units are shown in brackets. Each system shall bbe used independently ofthe other without combining values in any way. In the case of orders in SI units, all testing and inspection shall be done using the metrie equivalent ofthe test or inspection method as appropriate. Inthe case of orders in SI units, such shall be stated to the galvanizer when the order is placed 15 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica bility of regulatory limitations prior 10 use "This specication is under the jrisiion of ASTM Commitee AOS on Metall Coated on and Ste! Products and ithe eet respumibiy of Subcomitee A083 on tact Shapes and Harve Spesieatons Current elton approved. Paished November 2016. Onnaly approved in 193, Last previous eon approved in 2016 as ATSWAIS3M = 16, DOL 101520) ADISS_AUISSMCIOA, 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standands:? ‘A90/A90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zine or Zine-Alloy Coatings A143/A 143M Practice for Safeguarding Against Embrittle- ‘ment of Hot-Dip Galvanized Structural Steel Products and Procedure for Detecting Embritlement ‘A780 Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings ‘A902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod- ucts B6 Specification for Zine B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross Section B960 Specification for Prime Western Grade-Recycled (PWG.R) Zinc E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test- ing Methods F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me- ‘chanical Properties and Performance Inspection F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners F2329/F2329M Specification for Zine Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 The following terms and definitions are specific to this specification, Terminology A902 contains other terms and definitions relating to metallc-coated stee! products. Terminol- ‘ogy F1789 contains other terms and definitions relating 10 mechanical fasteners. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standart: >For refrnced ASTM sundad, vis the ASTM wet, wwasimog. oF ua ASTM Case Seri t sevice @ssmarg Foe Ama! Book of ANTM ‘Standards ohare iafrmstion, fer the vandals Docume Summary page the ASTM webs A Summary of Changes section appears atthe end ofthis standard Coors ASTM ean 10 Ba Hier De, POBox 7EN, We Casha, PA 12-2050, Ut Se 1fly arsayatsam - 16a 3.2.1 average coating thickness, n—the average of the specimen coating thickness values for the samples in an inspection lot, 3.2.2 hare spots, n—uncoated areas on the surface of the steel part that contain no measurable zine coating. 3.2.3 dross inclusions, n—the iron/zine intermetallics pres- ent in a galvanized coating in a form other than the layer growth of the coating 3.2.4 individual measurement, n—the reading from a mag. netic thickness gauge of a single coating spot thickness, o the ‘microscopic reading of a coating thickness as seen in an optical microscope at one spot. 3.25 inspection lot, n—the quantity of identical parts cleaned, fluxed and galvanized together at one time in an appropriate container that is being submitted for acceptance as a group. 3.26 malleable casting, n—a steel article that has been subjected to prolonged anneal to decarburize or graphitize the part to remove as much of the carbon as possible or to convert the carbon to graphite, which permits plastic deformation in compression without rupture. 3.2.7 sample, n—a collection of individual units of product from a single inspection lot selected in accordance with Section 6 and intended to represent that inspection lot for acceptance, 3.28 specimen, n—an individual test article upon which thickness measurements or weight determinations are per formed. 3.2.9 specimen coating thickness, n—the average thickness from no less than five test measurements on a specimen, when teach measurement location is selected to provide the widest dispersion (in all applicable directions) of locations within the specimen volume. 3.2.10 threaded areas, n—the sections of a steel part that have threads formed before hotip galvanizing. 4, Materials and Manufacture 4.1. Steel or Iron—Ferrous articles to be hot-dip zine coated shall conform to specifications designated by the purchaser. 4.2 Zine—The zinc used for the coating shall conform to Specification B6, or Specification B960, or both, and shall be at least equal to the grade designated as “Prime Western.” 4.2.1 If a zine alloy is used as the primary feed for the ‘galvanizing bath, then the base material used to make that alloy shall conform to Specification B6 or Specification B960, or both, 42.2 The molten metal in the working volume of the ‘galvanizing bath shall contain not less than an average value of 98.0 % zine by weight [mass}. [ork 1—The galvanizer may ehoose o add eace amouns of certain ements (for example, aluminum, nickel, bismuth, o tin) to the zine bath to help in the processing of cerain reactive steels or to enhance the cosmetic appearance ofthe finshed produc. The elements can be added to the galvanizing bath as a master feed alloy or they can be added to the hath hy the galvanize as individual Feeds. 43 Minimum Coating Weight [Mass] or Minimum Coating Thickness—The minimum coating weight {mass} or the mini mum coating thickness shall conform to the requirements preseribed in Table I for the material category and thickness of ‘material in which the article belongs. 44 Threaded Articles—The zine coating on threads shall not be subjected to a cutting, rolling, or finishing-tool ‘operation, unless specifically authorized by the purchaser. In ‘order to meet overtapping allowances, tapping the threads of nuts or tapped holes after galvanizing is not prohibited. 4 Touch-up and Repair—Bare spots that are found on parts after galvanizing shall be renovated by use of the methods found in Practice A780 if the following criteria are met. The bare spots shall have an area totalling not more than I 9 of the surface area to be coated excluding threaded areas of the picce and the bare spots shall not include any threaded areas of the TABLE 1 Thickness or Weight [Mass] of Zine Coating for Various Classes of Material Nove 1— Length ofthe pice, state in Classes B-1, B-2, and B-3, refers {0 the finished dimension ofthe pice after fabrication, ‘Weigh [Mass] o Zine Cost, cam gi Jot Sutace, Mum ‘Costing Thekness, was (icons). Minmim eae cueea| ‘average of "ay "asta of ny Specimens India Specimens Indiv "resed| Specmen tes Speci (lass A~Casings—Mateable ron, Sta 200610) 1.20550) 306) 31 (79) (lass Rote, pressed and forged aries (ercept ose which would be cused under Clsees C and) B-1— in (15.88 mn) and over niches 200(6%0) 1.80 (550) 3 (88) 31 (79) nd over 1. [81 min eng 2 undor in (1588 mn] Picknoss an 150(488) 125,981] 26 (65) 23 (89) oe 15 in (88 rn fongtn B.S any hehness and 15 (381mm and under in nth 10307) 110,326) 22158) 19,48) Case C-Fatenars over iin [952 mm] m amor +28 (381) 400 05) 24183) 1713) fd silt arces Washors ead restr [78 en and ‘yearn ik Clase DFasanas 24.952 me] ane under in came -.00 208) 0.85 259) 179) 14,96) ‘ets, nas and star ale, Washers under Swi 14.76 in kreAil a153/0153M - 16a piece. The thickness of the repair shall be equal to the surrounding galvanized coating except for repairs made by paints containing zine dustin which case the thickness ofthe repair shall be 50°% greater than the thickness of the galva- nized coating required fr the class of material, but shall not be greater than 4.0 mils [100 ym]. Repair thickness measurements shall be made in accordance with Practice A780, The galva- nizer shall make repairs unless ditected by the purchaser 10 deliver items unrepaited for subsequent renovation by the purchaser 5. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 1 The zine-coated articles shall be free from uncoated areas, blisters, lux deposits, dross inclusions, and other types of projections that would interfere with the intended use of the articles, or other defects not consistent with good galvanizing practice. 5.2 The zine coating shall be reasonably smooth and uni- form in thickness. Nore 2—Smoothness of surface isa relative tem. Minor roughness that des not interfere with the intended use ofthe pat or roughness that is related tn the as-received (ungalvanized) surface condition ofthe part, shall not be grounds for rejection. [Nore 3—Since this speciation is applicable to items that are contfuged or otherwise handled to remove exces bath metal (see 1.2), Jnrgular coating distbution is not normally encountered, Drainage problems, which manifest themselves as Tocal excess coating thickness that would intecfere with funtion or as edge ters or spikes tht present safety hazard because of thei sharpness, ae grounds fr rejection under the terms of 5.1 5.3 Embrittlement is a potential condition of steel that is ccold-worked, depending on such factors as the steel type (strength level, aging characteristics), thickness, degree of cold work, and galvanizing process. The galvanizer, the designer and the fabricator shall take precautions against embrittlement, ‘The precautions to fabricate properly and prepare the material for galvanizing (© prevent embrittlement are described in Practice A143/A 143M. Nore 4—Low service temperatures inerease he risk of bite failure of all plain carbon tees inching those which have been galvanized. This temperature embritling effect varies with type of see. The expected service temperature should thus be taken ino aecount when selecting ‘Sees for galvanizing, 544 Malleable castings shall be of such composition as will preclude the possibility that they become embrittled by the galvanizing process, or they shall be either cooled from the anneal, or subsequently heat-treated so as to immunize them ‘against embritlement. 5.5 The zine coating shall adhere tenaciously to the surface of the base metal 6 IF the galvanized material covered by this specification i bent or otherwise fabricated to the degree that causes the zine coatings to stretch or compress beyond the limit of elasticity, any cracking ot flaking of the coating resulting from the bending or fabricating shall not be cause for rejection 5.7 High strength bolts, typically over 150,000 Ibvin.? ulti- ‘mate tensile strength, may be subject to hydrogen embrittle- ment, Practices to safeguard against hydrogen embrittlement are described in Specification A143/A 143M. 6. Sampling 6.1 Test specimens shall be selected at random from each inspection fot. 6.2 "The method of selection and sample size shall be agreed upon between the galvanizer and the purchaser. Otherwise, the ‘sample size selected from each Tot shall be as follows: Number of Pecos in Lot Sample S20 ‘Jorlese ‘at ‘1 500 3 St 1200 5 1201 t9 3200, 8 sw 10 000 8 0001 and over 2 6.23 Aspecimen that fails to conform to a requirement of this specification shall not be used to determine the conformance to other requirements 64 ‘The method of sampling for fasteners that are required to meet the standards of the Fastener Quality Act is described in Guide F1470, Sample quantities and definitions of terminol- ‘ogy are included in the referenced specification 7. Test Methods 7.1 Tests shall be made to ensure that the zine coating is being furnished in accordance with this specification and as specified for the following 7.1.1 Minimum coating weight [mass] or minimum coating thickness in 43. 7.1.2 Finish and appearance in 5.1 and 5.2. 7.1.3 Embyittlement in 5.3 and 5.4 7.14 Adherence in 5. 7.2. Average Weight [Mass] of Coating 7.2.1 The average weight mass] ofthe zinc coating shall be Jetermined by weighing specimens after pickling and drying and again after galvanizing unless the method deseribed in 7.22 is used. The number of specimens that are used 10 determine the average of an inspection lot shall be derived from Section 6. ‘Nort $—This method does not ake into account the weight (mess of iron reacted fom the article that i incorporated into the coating. It will, thus underestimate coating weigh {mass} by up to approximately 10 Base metal reactivity will affect the extent of underestimation. 7.2.2 In the case of materials inspected after galvanizing, the average weight [mass] of coating shall be determined by stripping the number of specimens derived in Section 6 in accordance with Test Method A9Q/A90M, and averaging the results of the individual specimens, unless the method de- scribed in 7.2.1 is used. 7.3 Average Thickness of Coating: 7.3.1 In the case of fasteners such as bolts, nuts, and screws, the determination of the thickness of coating shall be made on ‘portion of the article that does not include any threads, 7.3.2 The average thickness of coating shall be determined by magnetic thickness gage in accordance with Practice E376 unless the method described in 7.3.3 is used. The thicknessfly arsayatsam - 16a shall be measured on at least five widely separated spots on a specimen, No individual spot measurement shall be cause for rejection. IF an individual spot does not provide a coating thickness reading, this spot must be repaired in accordance with 4.5. The five or more individual coating thickness ‘measurements on a specimen must be averaged to determine the specimen average coating thickness. The average coating thickness for the inspection lot is determined by averaging the specimen average coating thickness values for the number of specimens derived from Section 6. 7.3.3 The thickness of coating shall be determined by cross section and optical measurement in accordance with Test ‘Method B487, unless the method described in 7.3.2 is used, The thickness thus determined is @ point value, No less than five such measurements shall be made at locations on the specimen, which are as widely dispersed as practical, so as to be representative of the whole surface of the specimen. The average of no less than five such measurements i the specimen ‘average coating thickness. The average coating thickness for the inspection lot is determined by averaging the specimen average coating thickness values for the number of specimens derived from Section 6. 74 Finish and Appearance—The test for finish and appear- ance shall be conducted through visual inspection without additional magnification, 7.5 Embrittlement—Hardware that is susceptible to em- britdement shall be tested in accordance with Practice A143/ 143M. The tests shall be performed through agreement between the galvanizer and the purchaser 7.6 Adherence—Determine adherence of the zine coating to the surface of the base metal by cutting or prying with the point of a stout knife, applied with considerable pressure in a manner {ending fo remove a portion of the coating. The adherence shall be considered inadequate if the coating delaminates in the form. of a layer of skin so as to expose the base metal in advance of the knife point. Do not use testing carried out at edges or comers (points of lowest coating adherence) to determine adherence of coating. Likewise, do not use removal of small particles of the coating by paring or whittling to determine failure 8, Inspection 8.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have ‘access at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed, to those areas of the manufacturer's work which concern the application of the zine coating to the ‘material ordered, The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the zine coating is being furnished in accordance with this specification, All inspection and tests shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipments, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so ‘conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. 9. Rejection and Retest 9.1 For all galvanized articles except those fasteners that must meet the requirements of the Fastener Quality Act, the following sections are used to determine rejection and retest- ing 9.2. When partial inspection of materials to determine con- formity with visual requirements of Section 5 warrants rejec~ tion of alot, the galvanizer is not prohibited from sorting the lot and submitting it once again for inspection. 9.3 The number of specimens in a sample of a lot permitted 10 fail to conformance tests shall be agreed upon between the ‘galvanizer and the purchaser, 9A If a set of test specimens fails 10 conform to the ‘requirements of this specification, two additional sets shall be tested, both of which shall conform to the requirements in every respect, or the lot of material represented by the specimens shall be rejected. 9.5. Materials that have been rejected for reasons other than embrittlement are not prohibited from being stripped, regalvanized, and resubmitted for test and inspection. They shall then conform to the requirements of this specification, Nom, 6—Conformance to this speciation does not guarantee “220 elects.” Depending on the size and configuration of the parts (small ‘iameter threaded pars and small washers as examples), «small amount ‘of "fll out” may exist in am inspection fot that s not detected during Sample inspection Issues includ, bu re not Tied, zine build up in the threads or honded washers. Handling of these types of issues need to he negotiated between the purchaser and supplies. 10. Packaging 10.1 The supplier shall employ such methods of packaging ‘Zine-coated articles as shall be required to ensure their receipt by the purchaser in satisfactory condition, with the use to be made of the article being taken into consideration 11. Certification 1.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the purchaser shall be furnished certification that samples repre- senting each inspection lot have been either tested or inspected as directed by this specification and the requirements have been met. When specified in the purchase order of contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished. 12. Keywords 12.1 coatings, zine; galvanized coatings Zine coated; stel products, metallic coated; zi products steel hardware, c coatings, steelAil a153/0153M - 16a SUMMARY OF CHANGES: Committee AOS has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue, AIS3VA153M-16, that may impact the use of this standard. (November 1, 2016) (1) Added reference to F2329/F2329M in the new subsection 13, ASTI lxematona kes no poston respecting tho vay of any gaan ight asate in conection wih any tam mentioned ‘nn standard. Usors oft standard ae expressly adie that Slernaton oe ably of any such pa igh, and he 1 (of intingement of sien ris are entey Za own responsi. ‘Tis standards subi to reson a any tne by the respons technica commitee and mist be vowed every five years ant \troteise, eter eappravedor miboawn. You conments ae nied abe fo reve ef Pi standart or radon atadars ‘and shoudl be aaressed te ASTI inemanoral Heacquanes. 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