LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATION with PLANNING and CRIME MAPPING

INTRODUCTION

            The course covers the study of Planning and Steps in Police Operations, Article III of
the 1987 Constitution; Republic Act 7438 ( Rights of persons arrested, Detained or under
Custodial Investigation); Rule 113 of the Rules of Court ( Arrest); Rule 126 of the Rules of
Court ( Search and Seizure); UN Convention on Civil and Political Rights; Rule 110 of the
Rules of Court ( Prosecution of Offenses); Principles of Law Enforcement operations;
Guidelines in the Management of Disaster and Relief Operations; Methods and Procedure in
the protection of the crime scene; and Crime Mapping (Computer Statistics) in the law
enforcement operations and criminal justice.

            The course will help the student understand the procedures in the conduct of Police
Operations and familiarize with the rights of the accused detained or under investigation
and to memorize the rules of arrest to avoid any violation of the law if they will practice
their profession in the future. This course also help the student familiarize themselves in the
methods and procedures in the management of disaster and relief operation and the
methods and procedures in the protection of crime scene to ensure the validity of crime
scene processing and to get the best evidence to be presented in court to give justice to the
victims. The course also help the student understand crime mapping in the field of law
enforcement.

MODULE 1

THE POLICE, POLICE PLANNING AND ITS CONCEPT

TOPIC1.  Origin of the word Police and Definition of terms used in the topic Police
Planning

INTRODUCTION
            This topic will help the student know the history of the word police and understand
the definition of the terms used in this course.

 OBJECTIVES

            This topic aims to inform the student about the history of the word police and the
definition of the terms used in this course so that the student familiarize themselves to the
different terms and to avoid confusion if they will encounter the said terms as they go on
with the different topics.

 LEARNING OUTCOME

            At the end of this topic the student will:

1. Know the history/ origin of the word POLICE.

2. Understand the definition of the terms used in this course.

 TOPIC CONTENT

Lesson 1: Origin of the word POLICE

POLICE

                The word “POLICE”  was derived from Greek

word “POLIS” which means “city-state”.

                Another Greek word “POLITEIA” which means “government of the city”.

                The Roman changed the word slightly to “POLITIA” which means “condition of
the state or government”.

                The French changed the word to “Police” which means person who enforced the
law and it was later adopted by the English Language.

 Lesson 2: Definition of terms

PLANNING
-    the determination in advance  of how the objectives of the organization will be attained;
involves the determination of a course of action to take in performing a particular function
or activity

-     the process of developing methods or procedures, or an arrangement of parts intended

to facilitate the accomplishment of a definite objective

-    the process of deciding in advance  what is to be done and how it is to be done

POLICE PLANNING

-   Attempt by police administrators in trying to allocate anticipated resources to meet

anticipated service demands.

-   It is the systematic and orderly determination of facts and events as basis for policy
formulation and decision affecting law enforcement management.

ALTERNATIVES - are means by which goals and objectives can be attained. They maybe
policies, strategies or specific actions aimed at eliminating a problem. Alternatives don’t
have to be substitutes for one another or should perform the same function.

DOCTRINE – scheme or arrangement of getting a mission or objective accomplished

 GOAL - General Statement of intention normally with time perspective. It is achievable end
state that can be measured and observed.

 GUIDELINES – a rule of action for the rank and file to show them how they are expected to
obtain the desired effect.

 OBJECTIVE - The specific commitment to achieve a measureable result within a specific

period of time.

 POLICY – a product of prudence or wisdom in the management of human affairs.

 PROCEDURE – a sequence of activities to reach a point or to attain what is desired.

 PROCESS - is a cluster or series of related projects larger in scope and not necessarily time
limited, systematically designed to achieve certain goals of plan.

 PROGRAM - a homogenous group of activities necessary for the performance of major

purpose.

 
PROJECT - undertaking which is to be carried out within a definite time frame and which is
intended to result in some pre -determined measure of goods and services

 STRATEGY – is a broad design, method; a major plan of action that needs a large amount of
resources to attain a major goal or objectives.

 TACTIC – it is a specific design, method or course of action to attain a particular objective in

consonance with strategy.

 Topic2. Police Planning and its Concept

 INTRODUCTION

            This topic will help the student know the objectives, characteristics and
responsibilities of personnel involve in Police planning.

 OBJECTIVE

            This topic aims to provide information about the objectives, characteristics of Police
Planning, Types of plans and the different examples of Standard Operation Plan.

 LEARNING OUTCOME

            At the end of this topic the student will:

1. Know the objectives of planning.

2. Know the characteristics of good Police Plan
3. Learn the responsibilities in police planning.
4. Know the basic consideration in police planning
5. Learn the classification of police plan.
6. Learn the types of plan
7. Learn the different types of SOP.
8. Learn the steps in police planning

 TOPIC CONTENT

 Lesson 1: Objectives, Characteristics and Responsibilities in Police Planning

 OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PLANNING

 To increase the chances of success by focusing on results and not so much on

the objectives.
 To force analytical thinking and evaluation of alternatives for better decisions.
  To establish a framework for decision making consistent with the goal of the
organization.
 To orient people to action instead of reaction.
 To modify the day-to-day style of operation to future management.
 To provide decision making with flexibility.
 To provide basis for measuring original accomplishments or individual
performance.
 To increase employee and personnel involvement and to improve
communication.

Lesson 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICE PLAN

 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICE PLAN

 With clearly defined Objectives or Goals.
 Simplicity, Directness and Clarity
 Flexibility
 Possibility of Attainment
 Must provide Standards of Operation
 Economy in terms of Resources needed for implementation

Lesson 3. RESPONSIBILITIES IN PLANNING

BROAD EXTERNAL POLICY PLANNING

 Responsibility of the legislative branch of the government.

 The main concern of the police in this broad external policy planning is assisting the
legislature in their                       determining of police guideline  through the passage of
appropriate laws or ordinances for the police to enforce.

INTERNAL POLICY PLANNING

 Responsibility of the CHIEF OF PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE  and other chiefs

of the different units or headquarters within their area of jurisdiction to
achieve the objectives or mission of the police organization.
 They are responsible for planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating,
controlling, reporting and budgeting for the police organization within
existing policies and available resources.
 For maximum police effectiveness, they shall be responsible for the technical
operation of the police organization and management of its personnel.
 

BASIC CONSIDERATIONS IN POLICE PLANNING

  PRIMARY DOCTRINES

 FUNDAMENTAL DOCTRINE – Is the basic principle in planning, organization

and management of the PNP in support of the overall pursuits of the PNP
Vision, mission and strategic action plan of the attainment of the national
objectives.
 OPERATIONAL DOCTRINE – Are the principles and rules governing the
planning, organization and direction and employment of the PNP forces in
the accomplishment of basic security operational mission in the maintenance
of peace and order, crime prevention and suppression, internal security and
public safety operation.
 FUNCTIONAL DOCTRINE – This provides guidance for specialized activities of
the PNP in the broad field of interest such as personnel, intelligence,
operations, logistics, planning, etc.

 SECONDARY DOCTRINES

 COMPLEMENTARY DOCTRINE – Doctrines formulated jointly by two or more

bureaus in order to effect a certain operation with regard to public safety and
peace and order. This essentially involves the participation of the other
bureaus of the BJMP, BFP, PPSC, NBI and other law enforcement agencies.
 ETHICAL DOCTRINE – That defines the fundamental principles governing the
rules of conduct, attitude, behavior and ethical norm of the PNP.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF POLICE PLANS

ACCORDING TO COVERAGE

 Local Plan
 Regional Plan
 National Plan

 
ACCORDING TO TIME

 STRATEGIC OR LONG RANGE PLAN - It relates to plans which are strategic or

long range in application, it determine the organization’s original goals and
strategy. Ex. Police Action Plan on the Strategy DREAMS and Program P-O-L-
I-C-E 2000, Three Point Agenda, GLORIA
 INTERMEDIATE OR MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING - It relates to plans, which
determine quantity and quality efforts and accomplishments. It refers to the
process of determining the contribution on efforts that can make or provide
with allocated resources Ex. PNP-MTDP 1999-2004

VARIOUS MASTER PLANS

 MASTER PLAN SANDIGAN -MILENYO (Anti-Crime Master Plan)

 MASTER PLAN SANDUGO (Support to Internal Security Operations Master
Plan)
 MASTER PLAN BANAT (Anti-Illegal Drugs Master Plan)
 MASTER PLAN SANG-INGAT (Security Operations Master Plan)
 MASTER PLAN SAKLOLO (Disaster Management Master Plan)
 SANGYAMAN (protection and Preservation of Environment, Cultural
Properties, and Natural Resources Master Plan)

OPERATIONAL OR SHORT RANGE PLANNING - It refers to the production of plans, which

determine the schedule of special activity and are applicable from one week or less than
year duration. Plan that addresses immediate need which are specific and how it can be
accomplished on time with available allocated resources.

 OPLAN JUMBO – Aviation Security Group Strategic Plan against terrorist

attacks
 OPLAN SALIKOP – CIDG Strategic Plan against Organized Crime Groups
(OCG)
 The TMG through its "OPLAN DISIPLINA" that resulted in the apprehension of
110,975 persons, the             confiscation of 470 unlawfully attached gadgets
to vehicles, and rendering various forms of motorists assistance

 
LESSON 4. TYPES OF PLANS (RSVP)

1. REACTIVE PLANS

•       Developed as a result of crisis.

•       A particular problem may occur  for which the department has no plan and must
quickly develop one, sometimes without careful preparation.

 2. STRATEGIC PLANS

•       Such plans Designed to meet the long-range, overall goals of the organization.

•       Allow the department to adapt to anticipated changes or develop a new philosophy or

model of policing (e.g. community policing).

 3. VISIONARY PLANS - Essential statements that identify the role of the police in the
community and a future condition or state to which the department can aspire.

 4. PROACTIVE PLANS - Developed in anticipation of problems. Although not all police
problems are predictable

 Types of police plans (POTEM)

1. PROCEDURAL PLAN OR POLICY PLANS

•       deal with procedures that have been outlined and officially adopted by all members of
the unit under specified circumstances

•       guidelines for actions to be taken

•       include all STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP)

 POLICY

•       general plan of action that serves as a guide in the operation of the organization or
unit

•       codes of procedures

 
EXAMPLES OF PROCEDURAL PLANS/POLICY PLANS (FHS)

•       FIELD PROCEDURES- procedures intended to be used in all situations of all kinds shall
be outlined as guide to officers and men in the field, such as: procedures that relate to
reporting, to raids, arrests, stopping suspicious persons, receiving complaints, investigation,
etc

•       HEADQUARTERS PROCEDURES - include the procedures to be followed in the

headquarters, usually reflected in the duty manual

•       STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) - procedures intended for specific

operations to ensure uniformity of action

 2. OPERATIONAL PLANS

•       often called work plan

•       the work program of the field units

•       describe specific actions to be taken

•       o the work to be done is estimated, manpower and equipment is allocated, proper
objectives are defined and             methods of accomplishment are developed

•       statistical analysis is widely used

 Types of operational plan (soft)

•       STANDING PLAN- provide the basic framework for responding to organizational

problems.

•       OPERATIONAL- efficiency, effectiveness, and Productivity Plans- are essentially the

measures or comparison to be used to assess police activities and behavior and results.

•       FUNCTIONAL PLAN- includes the framework for the operation of the major functional
unit in the organization Such as patrol and investigation. Coordination

•       TIME SPECIFIC PLANS- are concerned with the specific purpose  and conclude when an
objective is accomplished or a problem is solved.

 
3. TACTICAL PLANS

•       plans that concern methods of action to be taken at a designated location and under
specific circumstances

•       generally emergency type plans that can be put into effect on the sudden occurrence
of a condition requiring             their use

•       planning for emergencies of a specific nature at known locations

•       developed for specific situations as they arise

•       examples are: planning for major accidents; calamities or disasters; special events;
hostage-taking situations, etc

 4. EXTRA-DEPARTMENTAL PLANS

•       those which require actions or assistance from persons or agencies outside of the
department

•       involve coordination with other agencies

•       Examples are: exchange of information on wanted persons, known drug syndicates,

known organized crime groups, stolen vehicles, etc.

 5. MANAGEMENT PLANS

•       those plans that relate to staffing, equipping, supplying and organizing

•       include the structuring of functions, authority and responsibilities, the allocation of

resources, personnel management, budgeting and other concerns administrative in nature

•       examples are: assignment and training of personnel; recruitment; equipment and

supply procedures, etc

 
Lesson 5. CREATIVITY IN PLANNING

•       IMITATION - involves using plans, programs, methods, and so on, developed by

others.

•       INDUCTIVE REASONING - moves from specific to the more general; for example, an
increase in the number of         citizen complaints may mean there are problems in police
training and supervision.

•       DEDUCTIVE REASONING - is just the reverse; that is, it moves from the general to the
specific. For example, if an organization assumes that the primary role of the police is to
maintain order, and then it specifies the policies and procedures that are necessary to
implement this assumption.

•       IDEA LINKING - is often done through free association. Individuals participating in

planning are encouraged to identify any ideas, without limitations or inhibition that might
relate to the problem or plan at hand. This may result in important, innovative solutions,
particularly when those involved come from different organizational levels and different
backgrounds in terms of experience and education.

Lesson 6: FIELD OPERATIONS AND HOW PLANNING AFFECTS THEM

 FIELD OPERATIONS - Operations in the field shall be directed by the police commander and
the subordinate commanders and the same shall be aimed at the accomplishment of the
following primary tasks more effectively and economically

 PATROL – The patrol force shall accomplish the primary responsibility of safeguarding the
community through the protection of persons and property, the preservation of the peace,
the prevention of crime, the suppression of criminal activities, the apprehension of criminals,
the enforcement of laws and ordinances and regulations of conduct and performing
necessary service and inspections.

 INVESTIGATION – The basic purpose of the investigation division unit shall be to

investigate certain designated crimes and clear them by the recovery of stolen property and
the arrest and conviction of the perpetrators. To this end, the investigation division shall
supervise the investigation made by patrolman and undertake additional investigation as
may be necessary of all felonies.

 
TRAFFIC PATROL – Police control of streets or highways, vehicles, and people shall facilitate
the safe and rapid movement of vehicles and pedestrians. To this end, the inconvenience,
dangers and economic losses that arise from this moment, congestion, delays, stopping and
parking of vehicles must be lessened.

 VICE CONTROL – it shall be the determined stand of the PNP in the control of vices to treat
vice offenses as they shall do to any violation, and exert efforts to eliminate them, as there
attempt to eliminate robbery, theft, and public disturbance.

 JUVENILE DELINQUENCY CONTROL – effective crime control necessitates preventing the

development of individuals as criminals. The police commander shall recognize a need for
preventing crime or correcting conditions that induce criminality and by rehabilitating the
delinquent.

 Lesson 7: STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) of PNP

 SOP #01 – POLICE BEAT PATROL PROCEDURES - This SOP prescribes the basic procedures
to be observed by all PNP Units and mobile patrol elements in the conduct of visibility
patrols.

 SOP #02 – BANTAY KALYE - This SOP prescribes the deployment of 85% of the PNP in the
field to increase police visibility and intensifies anti-crime campaign nationwide.

 SOP #03 – SIYASAT - This SOP prescribes the guidelines in the conduct of inspections to
ensure police visibility.

 SOP #4 – REACT 166 - REACT 166 was launched in 1992 as the people’s direct link to the
police to receive public calls for assistance and complaints for prompt action by police
authorities. This SOP prescribes the procedures in detail of Duty Officers, Telephone
Operators and Radio Operators for REACT 166; their term of duty and responsibilities.

 SOP #5 – LIGTAS (ANTI-KIDNAPPING) - With the creation of the Presidential Anti-

Organization Crime Task Force (PAOCTF), the PNP is now in support role in campaign
against kidnapping in terms of personnel requirements. SOP #6 sets forth the PNP’s
guidelines in its fight against kidnapping activities.

 SOP #6 – ANTI-CARNAPPING - This SOP prescribes the conduct of an all-out and sustained
Anti Car-napping campaign to stop/minimize car-napping activities, neutralize syndicated
carnapping groups, identify/prosecute government personnel involved in car-napping
activities, and to effectively address other criminal activities related to carnapping.

 
SOP #7 – ANTI-TERRORISM - This prescribes the operational guidelines in the conduct of
operations against terrorists and other lawless elements involved in terroristic activities.

 SOP #8 – JOINT ANTI-BANK ROBBERY ACTION COMMITTEE (ANTI-BANK ROBBERY) - This

SOP provides overall planning, integration, orchestration/coordination and monitoring of all
efforts to ensure the successful implementation.

 SOP #9 – ANTI-HIJACKING/HIGHWAY ROBBERY - This SOP sets forth the guidelines and
concepts of operations to be observed in the conduct of anti-highway robbery/hold-
up/hijacking operations.

 SOP #10 – PAGLALANSAG/PAGAAYOS-HOPE - This SOP sets for the concept of operations
and tasks of all concerned units in the campaign against Partisan Armed Groups and loose
fire.

 SOP # 11 – MANHUNT BRAVO (NEUTRALIZATION OF WANTED PERSONS) - This SOP sets

forth the objectives and concept of operation tasks of all concerned units in the
neutralization of wanted persons.

 SOP #12 – ANTI-ILLEGAL GAMBLING -This SOP sets forth the operational thrusts to be
undertaken by the PNP that will spearhead the fight against all forms of illegal gambling
nationwide.

 SOP #13 – ANTI-SQUATTING - This SOP sets forth the concept of operation in the
campaign against professional squatters and squatting syndicates.

 SOP #14 – JERICHO - This SOP prescribes the operational guidelines to be undertaken by
the NHQ, PNP in the establishment of a quick reaction group that can be detailed with the
office of the SILG (OSILG), with personnel and equipment requirements of that reaction
group supported by the PNP.

 SOP #15 – NENA (ANTI-PROSTITUTION/VAGRANCY) This SOP sets forth the operational
thrusts to be undertaken by the PNP that will spearhead the fight against prostitution and
vagrancy.

 SOP #16 – ANTI-PORNOGRAPHY - This prescribes the guidelines to be followed by tasked

PNP Units/Offices in enforcing the ban on pornographic pictures, videos and magazines.   

SOP #17 – GUIDELINES IN THE CONDUCT OF ARREST, SEARCH, AND SEIZURE -This SOP
prescribes the procedures and manner of conducting an arrest, raid, search and/or search of
person, search of any premises and the seizure of properties pursuant to the 1987 Philippine
Constitution, Rules of Court, as amended and updated decision of the Supreme Court.
 

SOP #18 – SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SANDIGAN MASTER PLAN

 SOP #19 – ANTI-ILLEGAL LOGGING

SOP #20 – ANTI-ILLEGAL FISHING

SOP #21 – ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUGS

 Lesson 8: STEPS IN POLICE OPERATIONAL PLANNING

•       Frame of Reference - careful selection on the matters relating to the situation for which
plans are being develop, and opinions of ideas of persons who may speak with authority on
the subject concerned.

•       Clarifying the problems - identification of the problem understanding both its record
and its possible solutions.

•       Collection all Pertinent Facts - Both attempts shall be made to develop a plan until
facts relating to it have been gathered.

•       Analysing the facts - a careful analysis and evaluation shall be made.

•       Developing alternative Plans - In the initial phases of plan development, several

alternative measures will appear to be logically comparable to the needs of a situation.

•       Selecting the most appropriate Alternative - A careful consideration of all facts usually
leads to the selection of a “best” of alternative proposal.

•       Selling the plan - A plan to be effectively carried out must be accepted be persons
concerned at the appropriate level of the plans development.

•       Arranging for Executions of the Plan - The execution of a plan requires the issuance of
orders and directives to unit personnel concerned the establishment of a schedule, and the
provisions of manpower and equipment for carrying out the plans.

•       Evaluating the Effectiveness of the plan - The results of the plan shall be determined,
this necessary in order to know whether a correct