English Are you proud of your habits?

Pedagogical Module 4
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Commmunication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Third Course BGU

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Coloring
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Writing
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Conjunctions
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Bad Habits 9 of habits

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Vocabulary related
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to habits

Values

Psychosocial Healthy Gender

12 development
11 habits
10 equality

Our habits, both good and bad, make up who

we are. A habit is a pattern established over
a period of time. Maybe this is something we
started as young children, or maybe just in the
past year. Good habits, like exercising regularly
and doing homework as soon as we arrive
home from school, can improve our quality of
life. In the same way, bad habits like smoking
or drinking, can do the opposite; they can make
our lives worse than before. Benjamin Franklin
once said, “It is easier to prevent bad habits
than to break them.” We alone have the power
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to develop good habits and avoid bad ones.

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• What do you think Benjamin Franklin meant by what he said? Do you agree?

• How are habits formed? Are we as individuals the only ones responsible for
forming good or bad habits?

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Communication and Cultural Awareness
Social Studies

What are some of the eating habits in your community?

Eating Habits Around the World

Culture
Food habits are different all
We all know that food
around the world. The people who
varies from country to
live in some places are known to eat
country, and even from
healthier than others. Data collected
region to region within the
using an iPhone application called
same country. For some
“The Eatery” was recorded. In this
places, eating insects
app, people take a picture of the
is normal, but for others it
food they are eating, label it, and
is strange. We should never
then give it a healthiness rating.
judge the food that others
From this project, the researchers
eat. When we travel, it is
found several interesting findings.
always a good idea to try
all of the local food. You The most popular food in the world is salad, then chicken, then
never know, you may be cheese. People around the world seem to eat better at breakfast than at
pleasantly surprised! dinner. People from Sao Paolo, Brazil, eat about five times more kale
than any other country. People in Copenhagen, Denmark, eat 18.5 times
more rye than people in other countries. As a whole, around the world,
we tend to eat more unhealthy food on the weekend with Sunday being
the worst day. Vegetarians seem to eat healthier than those who eat all
foods. And in general, most people rank the foods that they eat as being
healthier than when other people eat the same foods!
Adapted from: https://bit.ly/3hpg8rc

On a scale of 1-10, 1 being extremely unhealthy and 10 being

extremely healthy, how healthy do you consider the following foods
to be?

• Hamburger _____________ • Yogurt _____________

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• Rice _____________ • Orange juice _____________

• Ham and cheese sandwich • Lettuce and tomato salad

_____________ _____________

• French fries _____________

Compare your ratings with your classmates. Do you all agree?

What criteria did you use to determine your ranking?
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Consider your own diet. On average, how would you rate in on the
same scale from 1-10? Why? Discuss this in small groups. Do you
have the same ranking?
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2
 Oral Communication

What do you think are common habits in teenagers?

Teenage Habits

Listen to a conversation between two teenage friends about habits.

What do you
List the good habits and bad habits that are mentioned in their usually do
conversation. in the morning?

Good habits Bad habits

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Vocabulary

Listen to the recording again. According to what one of the teens gaming. the act of playing
says, when do you think something becomes a habit? For example, video games
is something like Facebook a bad habit for all teens who use it?
Explain your answer. smoking. using cigarettes

avoid. prevent from

______________________________________________________________ happening
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Now discuss your answers as a class. Do you all agree?

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Form groups of 3-4 students. Besides the habits mentioned in the

dialogue, can you think of others that teens tend to have? Are they
good or bad habits? Are they shared by the majority of teens?
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Debate your answers together as a group.

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Reading

What is a habit? What makes or breaks a habit?

Habits, Defined
What is a habit? Depending on who you talk to, it can be defined
In groups of 3 students, in different ways. Usually, habits are seen as routine behaviors that are
brainstorm all of the habits
done on a regular basis. For example, brushing your teeth three times a
that you can think of. They
can be good or bad. Normally, day can be considered a habit if you have done it every day for a while.
we want to create or make Sometimes habits are even unconscious behaviors developed over a
good habits and break bad period of time through repetition, like always putting your right shoe
ones. Write your habits in the on before your left. Habits can also be mandatory behaviors, like always
chart below.
turning in your homework in your teacher’s box before the start of the
school day.
Make (Good Habits)
From a psychological perspective, habits can be thought of as a
connection between a trigger thought and our response. If this happens
every time the connection takes place, then it becomes a habit. For
example, a feeling of stress can cause a person to overeat. This bond
between the thought of being stressed and overeating can strengthen
over time. If this happens consistently every time a person feels stressed,
it becomes a habit.
Break (Bad Habits)
Habits can contribute to defining our character, both positively and
negatively. We should constantly strive to create good, healthy habits,
and work to break unhealthy ones.
Adapted from: https://bit.ly/2FLw4WR

Answer the questions below in complete sentences based on the

reading on habits.

1. Taking into account the different definitions mentioned in the text,

write your own personal definition in your own words of what a
habit is.

HABITS
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2. Explain the psychological definition of a habit in your own words.

Think of your own original example.

Vocabulary
3. In the last paragraph, the text suggests that habits can define our
character. Can you think of an example of this from real life?
tend to. usually do something

mandatory. obligatory

perspective. point of view

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4. Give the text a different title that summarizes what it is about.

trigger. something that
provokes us to do something

overeating. eating too much

4
 Writing
Do you usually read blogs? About what?

A Blog on Your Habits

Grammar Note

Pay attention to how you

connect your ideas. When
there are two or more ideas
that are similar, we tend to
link them simply with “and”.
But sometimes we can use
other words like furthermore,
in addition, additionally.

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When two ideas are
different, we often use “but”.
We can also use however,
Blogs are similar to modern-day journals or diaries. You can write your nonetheless, nevertheless.
life experiences here to share with others online. In this blog, you will
reflect on your own personal habits.
These words are part of a
higher register of the English
language that are usually used
Step 1: Start by brainstorming about your own habits.
Remember the definition of “habit” that you read on the
in writing or formal speeches.
previous page. What habits do you consider to be good ones?
And bad ones? Make a list of each.

My Good Habits My Bad Habits

Step 2: To your list from Step 1, add details to each habit. How
long have you been doing them? Why did you start? Do you
plan to continue in the future?

Step 3: Looking at your list, organize your blog. What will you
write about first, second, third? Put numbers next to your ideas.

Step 4: Write your blog. Start with an introduction sentence

to capture your readers’ attention. This can be a question, or
a famous quote, or an interesting fact. Then talk about your
habits. Finally, conclude with a sentence that leaves your
readers thinking about your topic.

Step 5: Exchange your blog with a classmate. They will respond

to what you write in a few sentences with their opinions
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about your habits. Then turn in your writing to your teacher for
feedback. He or she can ask you to write a second draft taking
into consideration his or her comments.
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5
Language Through the Arts

Do you like to sing? In a group or alone? What kind of music?

The Habit of Singing

Culture
Psychologists have done
studies about how music
affects us. Did you know
that the genre of music that
has been proven to most
improve our mood is tropical

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music? This includes salsa,
merengue, cumbia, bachata,
son, and others. It doesn’t Did you know that singing a few times a week can actually improve
matter if a person doesn’t your well-being? It’s true; scientific studies have shown this! Here are
understand the language that five good reasons to start a singing routine today:
the song is in; the rhythm
1. Starting is so easy! Singing is free. You don’t need any equipment
and instruments seem to
or materials, only your voice. You can sing in the shower, walking to
speak an international
school, or as you do your homework. There is no limit to your voice…
language that helps all of us
well, just be sure that the people around you don’t mind!
to feel better. So next time
you are feeling down, turn 2. Singing is good exercise! It is an aerobic activity; it is good for
on some salsa and feel better! your heart and lungs. It is important to use good breathing techniques.
Singing long notes helps to improve your lung capacity, which can
make you run and play sports better.
3. Singing makes you feel better! This activity doesn’t only help
your heart and lungs. It also makes your body produce endorphins,
a hormone that makes you feel happy. It also produces the hormone
oxytocin, which reduces stress. Singing in a group develops a sense of
belonging. It is often used as therapy for people who are ill.
4. Singing gives you self-confidence! The hormone oxytocin that
reduces stress also lowers anxiety and increases feelings of trust in yourself
and in others. The more you sing, the more confident you will feel!
5. Singing opens your mind! Singing exposes you to new types
of music, new artists, new sounds, and new ideas. If you really like it,
you can even consider a career in singing or something related to music.
So sing in the shower, walking to school, anywhere you can!
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Adapted from: https://bit.ly/31neG3h

Vocabulary Discuss the questions below in small groups of 3-4 students.

improve. get better 1. Of the five reasons listed to make a habit of singing, which one
seems most convincing to you? Why?
don’t mind. it isn’t a problem
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2. After reading this article, will you consider making singing a habit
develops. creates in the future? Why or why not?

belonging. feeling of being 3. Do you know someone who sings as a habit? Do you think this
a member of a group person is healthier and/or happier?

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 Oral Communication
Value: Gender equality

Do you ever use bad words? In what situation and with whom?

Swearing!
Culture
In many countries, there is
a double standard between
men and women when it
comes to swearing. Many
studies have found that
people consider women
who swore to be weak or
even repulsive. On the other
hand, men are considered
dynamic and even attractive.
This double standard
shouldn’t exist. Men and
women should be able to

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use the language equally.
In fact, some recent studies
have found that occasional
Listen to two teens talk about swearing. Decide if each of the
sentences are True (T) or False (F) according to what you hear. swearing is actually healthy
for all humans because it
1. If Paula is stressed, then she swears. T F releases stress. So don’t judge
a woman if she swears.
2. Phil never swears. T F
We just shouldn’t offend
3. At first, Phil doesn’t agree with women swearing. T F anyone with our language!
Adapted from: https://bit.ly/2Qi30Zl
4. Paula agrees with Phil. T F

5. Paula believes that men should be censored when

they speak. T F

6. Paula thinks that swearing should not be a habit. T F

7. In the end, Paula was able to convince Phil. T F

Vocabulary

Discuss these questions in small groups, paying special attention to if overwhelmed. extremely
the boys and girls agree. Then talk about your answers as a class. Do stressed, usually caused
the boys and girls feel differently about these topics? by a lot of work
1. Do you agree with Phil or Paula about women swearing? Why? swearing. saying bad words
2. Do you think all cultures have the same perspective censor. to control the material
on women swearing? and/or expression of others
3. In your culture, do men and women use language the same way?
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4. Why do you think a double standard exists in many places

between men and women when it comes to swearing?

5. What can you do to try to eliminate this double standard?

Do you think you can change people’s minds about swearing?

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Communication and Cultural Awareness

Do you use social media? Which one(s)? For what purpose?

Social Media Habits

Grammar Note
All around the world, social media has
Reported Speech
become a part of our everyday lives. We
Notice the sentences in the use it to keep in touch with others, to 10:10

activity after the reading. communicate, to get our news, even to

They are all considered learn languages and find new recipes.
reported speech. We use However, psychologists and doctors
reported speech when we say that we need to be very careful to
want to say what someone not let our social media control our lives
else said. Notice that we and become an addiction. Here are seven
can use different verbs to simple guidelines to follow when using
introduce the reported social media:
speech, like say, tell, claim, 1. Use social media with a purpose. Be conscious of what you are
suggest, ask, affirm, confirm, doing and how you are spending your time on social media.
and many others.
2. Make your real-life friends and family your priority. Social media
is a good way to stay in touch with friends who live far away, but don’t
forget the friends and family that are around you.
3. Limit your time on social media each day. According to an article
in the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, people who spend 30
minutes or less on social media each day report that they are happier
and have more positive feelings.
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4. Follow people and pages that make you smile. Do not pay attention
to people, pages, or images that cause you to have negative feelings.
Of the list of sentences below, 5. Don’t use social media before bed. Doctors say that the light from
circle the ones that are true. the phone’s screen and the images we see can disturb our sleep. Turn
• The article says that social off your phone one hour before you go to bed.
media has not become very
important in our lives. 6. Live in the moment. When you are spending time with family
and friends, don’t waste time on social media. You will miss precious
• The reading states that real-life moments!
people who spend more
than 30 minutes on social 7. Take a break once in a while! If you notice that you are feeling sad
media every day are happier or depressed from being on social media, disconnect. Take a vacation
than those who don’t use from social networks for a few days.
social media.
Adapted from: https://bit.ly/3gn8j44
• Doctors affirm that our
phones’ screens can cause
us to sleep poorly.
In groups of 3-4 students, discuss your social media habits.
• The article tells us to pay Ask and answer the following questions:
attention to our phones
more than real-life people. 1. What social media do you use?
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• The reading says that we 2. What do you use social media for?
should stop using social
3. On a given day, how many hours do you spend on social media?
media for a few days if it
makes us feel sad. 4. Do you think you are addicted to social media?

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 Oral Communication

On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate your study habits?

Study Habits
Grammar Note

In small groups, brainstorm a list of good and bad study habits. Observe all the sentences in
How many of them do you share? How can you improve your bad the activity. They contain
study habits?
reported speech. We use
this when we want to say
something that someone else
Listen to a high school student named Jim talk about his study habits. said. Pay attention to how
Fill in the blanks with one word to complete the sentence. the verb forms change from
1. Jim said that last year he had been a bad student, so this year the original sentences.
he is going to make some ______________ to do better in school. “I was a terrible student last
2. He admitted that it was his own ______________ that he didn’t year.” Jim said that he
do well. had been a terrible student
the previous year.
3. Jim was a horrible student last year, he said he didn’t even do
his own _______________. “I promise I will do better.”
Jim promised that he
4. This year, Jim promised that he would be a ____________ student.
would do better.
5. He mentioned that he would pay ___________ in class
“I am going to study harder.”
and he would take ______________. Jim said that he was
6. He stated that he would start his _______ earlier and do his going to study harder.
_________ alone. In spoken language, we often
eliminate the word “that”
between the two clauses:
Listen to Jim again. Write three of your own sentences about what he
says using reported speech. Try to use different verbs in the first part “Jim said that he would
of each sentence. do better.”
1.

2.
Vocabulary
3.
resolutions. promises
to improve

procrastinated. put off, waited

The Do’s and Don’ts of Studying
until the last minute to do
We say “the do’s and don’ts” of something to refer to a list of things something
that a person should and should not do. After having listened to
the recording, in groups of 3-4 students, make a list of things that a
person should do and shouldn’t do to be a good student. Then join
your lists and make one class list.

Do’s Don’ts
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Language Through the Arts
Art

Did you color when you were a small child? Do you color now?

The Healthy Habit of Coloring for Adults

We know that coloring has always appealed to children, but now it
is becoming a pleasant habit for many adults too! In recent years, many
“big kids” have bought their own crayons and coloring books and spent
their free time doing what we learned to do as little children.
Why are adults coloring now? It seems that coloring has a therapeutic
effect for many. Research that began in 2005 has shown that coloring
reduces anxiety and stress. It makes people focus on putting colors on a
page and allows them to stop thinking about other issues in their lives
that may cause them tension.
The first adult coloring books were produced in 2012 and 2013 and
since then, millions have been sold. These books include very detailed
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designs, famous quotations, and sometimes even bad words! Adults can
even download images from the internet in black and white that they
can then color. Experts suggest that adults work with colored pencils
Vocabulary instead of crayons in these books because colored pencils allow them to
be more precise.
appealed. been of interest

pleasant. positive, enjoyable

So if you know an adult that needs a way to relax, suggest coloring.
You will be surprised about how effective it is at calming their nerves!
Adapted from: https://cnn.it/3j6Kb7B

After reading the text about coloring, write three sentences about
interesting things you learned in the article. Use reported speech.
Example: The article said that coloring has always appealed to children.

1.

2.

3.

Color the picture on the left. As you are doing it, reflect on how you
feel and write some notes below the picture. When you finish, discuss
how you felt with your classmates. Do you think you will start a habit
of coloring in the future? Why or why not?
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10
 Oral Communication

In life, do you see the glass as half-full (optimist) or half-empty (pessimist)?

Positive Thinking
Grammar Note
In small groups, discuss if you consider yourselves to be positive or Remember that conjunctions
negative people. Are you positive about some things and negative are used to connect two
about others? What determines your outlook on life? ideas. Sometimes these ideas
are similar, sometimes they
are different, and sometimes
they have a cause-effect
Listen to a psychologist talk about the power of positive thinking.
Decide if each of the following statements are True (T), False (F), relationship between
or Not Mentioned (NM). them. We use different
conjunctions depending on
1. The psychologist said that how you see life can affect your
physical health.
the relationship that the
ideas have.
T F NM

2. If you think positively, you will sleep better at night.

T F NM

3. Negative people are at less risk for cardiovascular disease.

T F NM Vocabulary

4. To be a positive thinker, you have to eat healthy. matter. here a verb meaning
to be important
T F NM
outlook. perspective, point
5. The psychologist says that positive attitudes are contagious.
of view
T F NM
surround. be around

Use the conjunctions below to connect two ideas about positive

thinking. Determine the relationship between the ideas and pick the
best word. You will not use one of the words.

although whether unless because so and

1. _____________ sometimes it is difficult, it is better for your health

to think positively.

2. You should try to be an optimist _____________ it is better for your

health.

3. Being very negative can increase your risk for heart disease,
______ you should try to look at the bright side of things!

4. If you are a negative person, you will suffer from more stress
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__________ you change your mindset for the better.

5. _________ you are an optimist or a pessimist, your brain has an

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impact on your health!

11
Reading
What do you know about drugs?

The Deadly Habit of Drugs

You’ve heard it several times: don’t do drugs. Drugs are dangerous.
Today’s teenagers know more
about drugs than people think.
Drugs can cause addiction and they can even kill you. But drugs can
What do you know about hurt much more than just your body. Pay attention to these seven ways
drugs? What drugs exist? that drugs can hurt you and the people around you.
What are their consequences?
Discuss these questions in 1. Drugs do physical damage. They can cause anything from vomiting
small groups or as a class. and headaches to stroke, heart attacks, and even death. Sometimes the
physical damage is irreversible.
2. Drugs hurt your job. Whether your job is being a student or
earning money, doing drugs will make you perform poorly. Drugs
negatively affect your concentration and memory.
Interesting Facts
3. Drugs hurt your mental health. They can cause depression,
Teen drug use is not only
anxiety, and even hallucinations. Some of these can become chronic or
a national concern, it is an
permanent.
international concern. Here
are some statistics on drugs 4. Drugs can leave you poor. Buying drugs is very expensive and can
and youth according to a leave you without money for life’s essentials like food and housing.
United Nations 2018 report.
5. Drugs can rob you of your freedom. Most drugs are illegal and
• Cannabis is the most using or selling them can put you in jail for several years.
commonly used and abused
drug. 6. Drugs will hurt your relationships. The people who are most
important to you, like your family, your friends, and your partner,
• Among university students will feel the burden of your use or abuse of drugs. They may even
in Ecuador, 20% admitted abandon you.
to using two or more drugs
simultaneously. 7. Drugs may hurt people you don’t even know. Drug users often are
involved in car accidents, burglaries, and other crimes while they are
• The more involved teens under the influence.
are in their education, the
less likely they are to get So the next time you are offered drugs or exposed to them, remember
involved with drugs. these serious consequences. Think of a person you love and how he
or she would be affected by your decision. Then make the smart decision
Taken from: https://bit.ly/32gwpIY
to say no.
Adapted from: https://bit.ly/3j96Wbe

Vocabulary Write what you consider to be the three most important points in the
reading using reported speech. Start each sentence with a different
stroke. a medical condition verb and write using your own words.
of loss of consciousness
caused by interruption Example: The article claims that drugs can kill you.
of blood flow to the brain
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1.
chronic. occurring on a regular
basis, often 2.

concern. worry, preoccupation 3.

12
 Writing
Language

Could you summarize your life in one paragraph?

A Summary
Interesting Facts

It’s your turn to write a summary. You will do this in steps. Summarizing is an
Step 1
important skill that we
do often in life without
Choose any of the readings from the first half of this module for even thinking about it.
your summary.
When someone asks you
Step 2 to tell them what happened
in the last episode of your
Take notes on the most important ideas of the reading. These don’t
need to be complete sentences. In fact, it is better to write the ideas favorite TV series, you
as notes and in your own words. are summarizing. When
someone asks you to tell
• ____________________________________________________________ them what your favorite
• ____________________________________________________________ book is about, you are
summarizing.
• ____________________________________________________________
Cambridge Online
• ____________________________________________________________
Dictionary (cambridge.org)
• ____________________________________________________________ defines a summary as
“a short, clear description
Step 3
that gives the main facts
Join the ideas that you wrote in Step 2 in complete sentences and or ideas about something”.
in a logical order to write your summary. Your summary should be You can take a long movie,
one paragraph of 6-8 sentences and it must include reported speech.
book, article, or even
Nothing should be copied directly from the text. The first sentence
should give the general idea of the text, and the rest should include experience and reduce it to
the important points. Write a first draft in your notebook. a paragraph by focusing on
the most important points.
Step 4

Exchange your rough draft with a classmate. Read each other’s

summaries. Mark any errors you find in the English. Then discuss
with your partner if what he or she wrote clearly summarizes the
text chosen.

Step 5

Taking into consideration your partner’s comments, rewrite your

paragraph below to turn into your teacher.
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13
Assessment

Achievement Level - Listening

Individual activity

1 Listen to a girl named Sarah about her parents’ bad habits and choose the correct
answer to complete each sentence.
1. When Sarah’s dad was young, 3. Sarah’s mom:
he would: a. always talked on the phone.
a. smoke. b. rarely talked on the phone.
b. drink. c. hated the phone.
c. listen to loud music. d. talked to her parents for
d. all of the above. hours on the phone.
2. Sarah’s dad admitted to: 4. Sarah thinks that:
a. cheating on tests. a. all generations are the same.
b. doing his schoolwork b. her parents’ generation
at the last minute. was worse than hers.
c. missing school. c. bad habits are unique to each
d. none of the above. generation.
d. her generation is worse
than her parents’.

Achievement Level - Writing

Individual activity

2 Write a paragraph entry in a blog about what you consider to be the habits
of your generation, both good and bad. Use at least two of the conjunctions
you have seen in this module. Remember to have a topic sentence
and a concluding sentence. Write 85-100 words.

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14
 Assessment Are you proud of your habits?

Achievement Level - Speaking

Group activity

3 Work with a partner. One of you is Student A and the other is Student B. Student
A has a bad habit. Student B is a friend who is trying to be a good influence and
help Student A break the bad habit. Create a dialogue of 8-10 lines for each student
and perform it.

Achievement Level - Reading

Individual activity

4 Read the following text on cracking your knuckles and answer the questions
that follow.

Do you crack your knuckles? We mean do you make your joints make a
cracking sound by squeezing or pulling your fingers? Studies show that about
half of the population does it. Often times it is caused by nervousness, anxiety,
boredom, or stress. And it has been criticized by some, saying that it causes
arthritis. However, an article in the Swiss Medical Journal says that there is no
evidence supporting this being the case. One doctor even experimented on
himself by cracking his knuckles on one hand twice a day and never on the other
hand for 50 years. At the end of the experiment, there was no difference between
the knuckles on his right and left hand. So it’s not dangerous to our health, but
it can be annoying for the people around us. Like other habits, it can be broken.
You have to be conscious of when you are doing it and think about what may
cause you to do it. Then, when you feel like doing it next time, occupy your
hands with something else that will prevent you from cracking your knuckles.
Adapted from: https://bit.ly/2FUhrRr

1. Approximately what percentage of the population cracks their knuckles?

_____________
2. Why do some people crack their knuckles? ______________________
3. Does cracking your knuckles cause arthritis? _____________________
4. How can you break the habit? ________________________________

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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Understand and use conjunctions to connect ideas

Work with reported speech

Talk about good and bad habits

15
 Project 1

School Campaign for Good Habits!

Tip

It is a good idea to cite

your sources when you
are presenting facts and
statistics. This makes your
presentation more credible.
You can say something like,
“According to the World
Health Organization…”
and then present the
information you got from

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that source. But be sure
to use your own words
to explain the idea. You are all members of the student council and have decided to start
a campaign to promote good habits in your school. Working in groups
of 4-5 students, create your own campaign by following these steps.

Step 1

In your group, decide on a habit to help students break and also one
to promote; in other words, one bad habit that many students have
and one good habit that students should have.

Step 2
Notes Research some facts about each of the habits you have chosen. In the
case of the bad habit, you should find facts that make students want
to break that habit. In the case of the good habit, you should look for
information that will motivate students to develop that habit. Take notes
on the information you find. Be sure that you are consulting reliable
sources on the internet and keeping a record of where you are getting
the information from.

Step 3

Create a poster board, video, or PowerPoint presentation to convince your

fellow students to break your bad habit and start your good one. Be sure
to use interesting pictures and write your text correctly with good spelling,
grammar, and punctuation.

Step 4

Share your presentation with the class. Be sure that each person has
the chance to speak equally. Your presentation should be a total
of 4-5 minutes.
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Step 5

As a class, decide whose presentation was the most convincing.

Will you change your habits because of what your classmates said?

16
 Let’s Review

Vocabulary Value: Healthy habits

As a class, make a list of all the good and bad habits you remember from the first half of this module.
You can include other ones you know too. Write them here. Then, individually, give yourself
one point for all of the good habits on the list that you have. Subtract one point for the bad habits
that you have. What is your total? Do you have more good habits than bad ones?

Good Habits Bad Habits

Grammar Writing

Review the readings from the first half of the In the first half of the module, you learned how to
module. Choose three things that you learned write a summary. What are some tips you could
and express them as reported speech. give another student who doesn’t know how to
write a summary? Write them here.
Example: Psychologists say that tropical music
is the genre that most improves our mood.
1.

2.

3.
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17
Communication and Cultural Awareness
Biology
Value: Psychosocial development

How many times do you think you smile each day?

Smiling: An International Language

Culture
Smiling is an international
language. It’s one that
all of us can understand.
Imagine you meet someone
from another country and
you have no language in
common. How do you
communicate? With
gestures, certainly,
but a smile also says a lot.

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What are all of the messages
that a smile can express? Have you ever thought of the value of a smile? It is free to give and
can change the mood of the person who receives it. Everyone can do
it, even little babies. It connects us with other humans, no matter what
language we speak.
Grammar Note
Beyond being able to make connections with other humans, do you
Notice all of the sentences
know that establishing a habit of smiling on a regular basis also has
in the activity. They are in
wonderful health benefits? Studies have shown that even if you are
the zero conditional. We
not having a good day, smiling can boost your mood. It’s because the
use this to talk about events
physical act of smiling sends signals to your brain that you are actually
that happen and are a reality.
happy. Smiling also reduces stress levels because it releases chemicals
It is formed by using the
called endorphins.
present tense in both clauses.
Complete the sentences Smiling has other benefits too. According to psychologists, it makes
below in an original way us more creative and better problem solvers. Smiles also send subliminal
using the zero conditional. messages to those who see us that we are confident and relaxed, which
can make us more attractive to others! And smiling is contagious –
• If I smile, _____________ when we see another person smile, we are likely to smile back. This has
________________________. a domino effect and makes our world a more positive place.
• _______________________ Adapted from: https://bit.ly/3laSuRz

________________ if I have
a bad day. Based on the reading, determine if each of the sentences
are True (T) or False (F).
1. If you and a friend speak different languages,
you can still communicate through a smile. T F
Vocabulary
2. If you are not having a good day, smiling
boost. improve, increase does not help. T F
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domino effect. when one 3. Your stress level increases if you smile. T F
event causes another to 4. People see us as confident if we smile. T F
happen, and another,
and another… 5. If someone sees you smile, they usually smile too. T F

18
 Oral Communication

What has most helped you to learn English?

The Do’s and Don’ts of Studying a Language

Interesting Facts
As a class, discuss the habits Did you know that a linguist
you have had in your English is a scientist of language?
studies. Do you think they
have been good or bad
Many people think that
habits? Can you now use the a linguist is someone
language to communicate? who dedicates their life to
learning many languages.
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No, that person is called

a polyglot. A linguist
is someone who studies
Listen to a linguist talk about the do’s and don’ts of studying a the many different aspects
language. For each of the sentences below, decide if it is something
of languages in a scientific
that will help you become fluent in English or it won’t help you
become fluent. way through experiments
and observations. Linguists
You will You won’t study things like how the
become fluent. become fluent.
brain works with language
1. If you repeat words twenty times, ... (psycholinguistics), how
2. If you memorize lists of adverbs, ... men and women or people
from different places speak
3. If you practice verb formulas, ...
differently (sociolinguistics),
4. If you read a lot in English, ... the sounds of language
5. If you do things you like in English, ...
(phonology), and other
issues related to language.

Grammar Note

Notice the sentences in the first activity. They are in the first
conditional. We use the first conditional to talk about events that are After listening to the linguist,
do you have a different
probable in the future. It is formed by using the simple present in the perspective on how you
“if” clause and the future with will or going to in the other clause. should be studying English?
Consider the habits you have
If you focus on memorizing verb charts, you won’t be fluent in the and compare them to what
language. the linguist says. In small
groups, discuss what you
Taking into consideration what the linguist says, write three think you can do to improve
sentences about studying a language using the first conditional. your studies in English. Then
write a promise to yourself
If __________________________________, you _________ about how you are going to
study English better.
_________________________________________________
I promise I will _____________
If __________________________________, you _________
___________________________
_________________________________________________
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___________________________
If __________________________________, you _________ ___________________________
_________________________________________________ __________________________.

19
Reading
Value: Psychosocial development

Do you have a habit that helps you to relax?

Yoga and Meditation

Mountain, tree, triangle, chair. What do these words have in
In groups of 3-4 students,
common? They are all yoga poses. Yoga, along with meditation, are
discuss what you know about
yoga and meditation. Have becoming common practices in today’s stressful world. There are more
you tried either activity? Does and more studies that show the benefits of yoga and meditation for your
your family or community body and mind. They are good habits that can help you feel better.
share any meditation
practices? Do you know any Yoga comes from a Sanskrit word meaning “union of the body and
yoga positions? Why do you mind”. It involves mental concentration and also physical movement
think people do yoga and and poses. It has many health benefits. It helps you to relax and it
meditate?
reduces stress by decreasing activity in the sympathetic nervous system.
It increases flexibility, strengthens your muscles, and reduces your blood
pressure. It can also help with back pain and improve cardiovascular
and mental health.
Meditation is an exercise for the mind and spirit that includes two
stages: concentration and contemplation. Like yoga, it can also boost a
person’s mood. It changes the neurology of the brain by altering brain
waves, creating a deeper awareness. Meditation lowers stress and can
also increase concentration. It reduces negative emotions and increases
imagination and creativity.
Do you want to try yoga or meditation but don’t know how to start?
Start slowly. Try doing it for 5-10 minutes in the morning and in the
evening. Start with easy, basic yoga poses that do not put too much
stress on your body. Then work your way up to doing harder poses
and for more time until it becomes a habit. If you are doing it correctly,
you should feel your body strengthening as the days go by, and your
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mind relaxing.
Adapted from: https://bit.ly/2YszdS4
Vocabulary

strengthen. to make stronger Based on the information in the reading, complete the Venn Diagram
with characteristics of yoga, of meditation, and in the middle
altering. changing characteristics that they both share.

pose. position Yoga Meditation

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20
 Writing
Do you ever respond to a post on social media?

Responding to a Social Media Post

Tip
Social media has become a main means of communication in today’s
society. Almost everyone has at least one account in social media: Remember that the zero
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and others. The language used on social conditional is for a situation
media can range from very informal - between you and your friends, that is the reality in
for example - to very formal, like on a page that is an international news the present.
source. When you write on a social media page, you should be aware
If you translate from
of the register you should use. “Register” refers to the type of language
English to Spanish all
you use, formal or informal.
the time, your brain
does more work.
Imagine you see a Facebook post on a public page about learning
English. The post says the following:
The first conditional is used
for probable situations in
the future.
Search
You will not become
fluent in English if
Learning English you think in Spanish
Monday at 11:00 AM
all the time.
Hi everyone! I have a problem. I have been studying English for five years,
at least five hours every week. I have been repeating verbs many times,
memorizing formulas for grammar, and translating from Spanish to English
and from English to Spanish everything I do. Last week I met someone from
Canada. And I tried to have a conversation but… I was tongue-tied! I couldn’t
have a conversation! What happened?? So much time studying English to not
be able to speak with a native speaker?! What am I doing wrong?

Learning English and 291 others 55 comments

Like Comment Share

After having read this post and remembering the advice you heard
from the linguist in a listening section in this half of the module,
respond to this post. Give some advice on how the person can
better study English to be able to have a real conversation. Start by
introducing yourself, then giving some suggestions, and finally say
goodbye and wish the person luck. You should write 50-60 words.
Be sure to use at least one sentence in the zero conditional and one
in the first conditional.
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21
Language Through the Arts

Do you like to dance? To what type of music?

Dance Therapy
Culture
Dance therapy has become
Like food and music,
dance is unique to every quite popular since the start
culture around the world. of the new millennium, even
In Argentina they enjoy a though its roots go back to
tango, in France you can see the 19th century. Not only is
a traditional can-can, and it fun, but it also has a lot of
in the southern part of the physical and mental health
United States, many people benefits. It is based on the
like to square dance. What idea that motion and emotion
type of dance is typical of are interconnected. It can
your country or region? help to treat various physical
ailments like cancer, arthritis,
hypertension, obesity, chronic
pain, and cardiovascular
Vocabulary
disease. It also is effective in
ailments. diseases, illnesses treating mental health issues
such as depression, anxiety,
assess. evaluate
dementia, and low self-
take up. start, especially esteem. It can even help with social disorders such as autism and trauma
a new activity or hobby caused by aggression or domestic violence.
How do we know it is effective? Because there have been several
studies on the topic. In a study from The Arts in Psychotherapy,
researchers found that dance therapy had a positive impact on people
with depression. A study from the American Journal of Dance Therapy
found that dance therapy helped decrease aggression and improve
social behavior among teens. And there are dozens more studies that
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show the benefits of dance therapy.

Dance therapy is different than regular dancing. Even though regular
dance of any kind if good for your health and mood, dance therapy takes
it to a different level. It becomes more than exercise – it is a language
through which people can communicate feelings. Dance therapists
Your teacher is going guide participants and assess their body language. This becomes the
to put on some music that therapeutic side of this activity. So if you are looking to take up a new
could be played in a dance
therapy class. Stand up good habit, try dance therapy!
and let the music move you.
Adapted from: https://bit.ly/34sMjm6
Close your eyes. Dance
to it. Express some emotion
or feeling through your body
movement. Connect your After you have read the text, discuss these questions with a partner.
mind and body. Do not
1. Do you believe in the power of dance therapy? Why or why not?
udge others in your class
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but rather allow everyone 2. What do you think is the most beneficial aspect of dance therapy?
to express themselves
freely. Then discuss your 3. Would you ever consider becoming a dance therapist?
experience together. Why or why not?

22
 Oral Communication
Value: Healthy habits

On a scale of 1-10, how important is personal hygiene?

Personal Hygiene Habits

As a class, brainstorm a list

of good hygiene habits.
How many of them do you
follow on a regular basis?
Do you think people around the
world share the same habits?

Interesting Facts

The coronavirus pandemic,

which first broke out in
China in 2019 and quickly
spread to every country on
the planet, affected people’s
personal hygiene practices.
People began to wash their
hands more frequently and
more carefully. They also
used alcohol to disinfect
their hand often. They
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wore face masks to protect

themselves and others.
To enter into some
Listen to a doctor talk about good personal hygiene habits. She makes
five important points. Write them down and include some details for stores like supermarkets,
each one. people were sprayed with
disinfectant to kill any
Habit Details possible virus. They even
took off their shoes before
entering the house to not
bring the virus inside.
Personal hygiene became
extremely important.

Discuss these questions in small groups after the listening activity.

1. Can you think of any more good hygiene habits?
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Do you practice them?

2. Why do you think some people do not practice good hygiene?

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3. How can hygiene practices affect a community?

23
Communication and Cultural Awareness
Social Studies

Do you know of any habits typical of other countries?

Interesting Habits Around the World

Culture
Traveling gives a person the opportunity to experience lifestyles
Our world is a unique
in different places. Sometimes people in other countries have habits that are
tapestry of different colors
distinct from the ones we are used to at home. But this is what makes our
and textures. We speak
world so beautiful! Here are some unique habits from around the world.
different languages, practice
different religions, and United States: People who visit a restaurant in the U.S. have the
eat different foods. This habit of leaving a tip of between 15-20% of the total bill. If you don’t,
diversity makes planet Earth this can be considered a personal insult to the person who served you.
an amazing place. And the
fact of the matter is that the Japan: Instead of making turkey or ham for Christmas dinner,
more we look for differences the Japanese often go to the local KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) for
between each other, the a festive dinner.
more we find that we actually United Kingdom: While in the U.S. it is customary to say “Hey”
have a lot in common! or “Hello” to greet someone, in the UK people say, “Are you okay?”
This doesn’t mean something is wrong with you, it just means “hi”.
France: Some people in France have the habit of drinking their tea
in a bowl instead of in a mug.
China: It is common to see the Chinese habit of spitting in many
places: on the street, on public transportation, and even in buildings.
India: It is common to see two men holding hands. It doesn’t
mean that they are in a relationship, but rather it is seen as a sign of
brotherhood.
Philippines: In many countries, like the Philippines, pointing with
your index finger is considered rude. Instead, Filipinos pucker their lips
and point them in a direction.
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Habits and customs are different all around the world. It is important
for us to respect the way people live in other places, just like we expect
Vocabulary others to respect us.

tapestry. large piece Adapted from: https://bit.ly/2Ys4Mvg

of material or fabric

tip. money that is left to Imagine that a foreign tourist came to visit Ecuador and stayed in your
a person who provides city or town. What do you think he or she would notice about the
a service habits of your culture? Write them here.
spitting. emitting saliva

brotherhood. fraternity
or friendship between men
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pointing. signaling with

Now discuss your ideas in small groups or as a class. Do you agree?
the index finger
Do you think these habits are unique to your town or city?
pucker. to tightly contract Your region? Your country?

24
 Oral Communication
Biology

Why do some young people smoke?

The Dangers of Smoking

Grammar Note

In small groups, discuss all of the dangers of smoking that you In the conversation between
already know. Make a list. Are there any benefits of smoking? If the the friends, you hear them
drawbacks outweigh the benefits, why do you think people still say “I wish…”
smoke?
I wish I hadn’t started.
I wish you would quit.
Listen to two friends having a conversation about the dangers of We use wish to talk about
smoking. Fill in the missing information below.
something we would like to
be true but isn’t, in the past
The Dangers Of Smoking or present. When we use it
to talk about events in the
Smoking is the cause of about _______% of deaths
past, the second verb is in
by lung cancer.
the past perfect.
Not only does smoking cause lung cancer, it also causes
I wish I hadn’t started
____________, ___________, and _________cancers.
smoking. (but I did)
People who smoke are ________ as likely to suffer
She wishes her best friend
from a _________ ____________. hadn’t moved to a different
You don’t need to smoke a lot to suffer town. (but she did)
from __________ problems. If we use wish to talk about
a situation in the present,
the second verb is in the
simple past.
I wish I had more time to
After hearing the dialogue and reading the grammar note relax. (but I don’t have any)
about “wish”, read these sentences and decide if you Agree (A),
Disagree (D), or are Not Sure (NS). Then discuss your answers Jen wishes she had a sister.
in small groups or as a class. Do you mostly agree with each other? (but she doesn’t have one)
1. I wish I lived in a different region of the country. If we use wish to talk about
A D NS something we would like
for someone else, we use
2. I wish school wouldn’t start so early in the morning. would + V.
A D NS I wish you would quit.
3. My parents wish I would study more. Our teacher wishes
we would study more.
A D NS
4. Our teachers wish we would pay more attention.
Vocabulary
A D NS
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drawbacks. negative aspects

5. We wish cellphones would be cheaper.
outweigh. weigh more,
A D NS are more important

25
Reading
Value: Psychosocial development

What habits of yours would you like to change?

Habit Formation
Psychologists have studied
In small groups, generate
habit formation for decades. Habit
some ideas about how you
think that people can break formation is when certain behaviors
bad habits. Are some habits become automatic. Sometimes this
easier to break than others? is involuntary and sometimes it is
How can you start a good voluntary. Habits are born through
habit? Do you think it takes
repetition. If there is a habit that
a long time to establish a new
habit? you want to start, like brushing
your teeth three times a day, you
can consciously train yourself to do
it. Usually a particular activity takes
about 66 days to become a habit.
Many people have trouble breaking bad habits, like smoking,
drinking, or overeating. But experts can offer us some tips to stop the
vicious cycle and break the habit once and for all. The key lies in our
Interesting Facts brains. They are powerful organs that control much of what our body
does. We must be aware of what we are doing at any given moment.
Habits are found in a specific
For example, if our bad habit is overeating, or eating junk food, when
area of your brain called
we go to get those cookies out of the cabinet, we have to stop ourselves
the basal ganglia. The more
and say, “Am I really hungry? Do I need to eat those cookies? Why do
you do a certain action or
I want them?” Sometimes this is not easy to do, because our minds think
behave in a certain way, the
about many things that don’t have to do with our current actions.
more that action or behavior
becomes programmed We can also play a trick on our brains to break a bad habit. We can
in your brain. Neuronal see our actions as a test. Will you pass the test, or will you fail? In other
connections are formed words, in the case of the cookies: if you eat the cookies, you fail the test.
based on repeated behaviors. The brain hates failure and the emotions associated with it like guilt.
These connections At the same time, the brain loves feeling successful. So your brain can
strengthen to form habits. help you to make the best decision to break the habit based on how it
will feel if you pass or fail the test. In any case, it is mind of matter:
Source: https://bit.ly/2YvIIA2
if you make yourself believe you can break your bad habit, you will do it!
Adapted from: https://bit.ly/2YsOTog

Based on the advice given in the reading, respond to each of these

people who want to break bad habits or start good ones.
Write a sentence telling them what to do.

1. “I wish I could stop eating junk food.” __________________________

______________________________________________________________
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2. “I wish I could get in the habit of exercising every day.” ___________

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______________________________________________________________

3. “I wish I could stop biting my nails all the time.” _________________

______________________________________________________________

26
 Writing
Do you take advice from your peers?

A Letter to Your Peers

Tip
As a class, make a list of bad habits that teens your age have, and
good habits that they should have. Write them down in your notebook In this module, we have
as you talk about them.
seen the zero and first
conditional, which are both
used for situations that
Imagine that you are the president of the student council at your are reality or possible
school. It is January, and you want to encourage your fellow in the present.
classmates to start the new year by breaking bad habits and starting
good ones. The second conditional
You are going to write a letter to your peers that will be passed out
is used for hypothetical
to all high school students. Start by introducing yourself and telling situations in the present
them the purpose of you writing the letter. Then, using some of the and is formed by using the
information we have seen in this module about habit formation, give simple past in the “if” clause
them some suggestions about how to break some of their bad habits and a modal (would/could
and start good ones. Finally, finish your letter by wishing them
a happy new year and luck with their resolutions.
+ verb) in the other clause.

You should use at least one zero conditional, one first conditional, • If we had more time, we
and one second conditional. Write your letter (80-100 words) in the would read more. (but we
space below. don’t have time)
• We wouldn’t be successful
if we didn’t have the
support of our families.
(but we are successful
because we have their
support)
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27
Language Through the Arts
Art

Do you know a type of art done just with paper?

Start an Origami Habit Today!

Culture
Origami is an excellent hobby to start. It is accessible anytime and
The word “origami” comes
anywhere; all you need is a sheet of paper. Not only is it a cheap activity,
from two Japanese words:
but it has many benefits for a person’s emotional well-being. Studies
oru, which means “to fold”,
have shown that origami helps people to focus and to be aware of what
and kami, which means
is happening in the moment. It is a peaceful hobby that can become
“paper”. People are not sure
a form of meditation. When done with others, it provides a wonderful
of its exact origins, but it
opportunity to connect. And the result is a beautiful figure that you can
seems like origami began
display anywhere you’d like!
around the year 6 BC (before
Christ) with Buddhist Source: https://bit.ly/2EpOjAC
monks. They used this paper
art for ceremonies. Since It’s time to make your own origami! Take a blank piece of paper and
then, it has spread around follow the instructions below. If you have internet access, you can
the world and become the find other instructions to make a different figure. When you finish,
intricate art of paper folding talk with your class about how you felt while you were doing origami.
Was it relaxing or stressful? Why?
that we know today.

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28
 Oral Communication

How much water do you drink per day?

Drink More Water!

Interesting Facts

Listen to a nutritionist talk about the importance of making drinking Sometimes we don’t
water part of your daily habits. Circle the items that are true according appreciate how incredibly
to what the nutritionist says. important water is. Here are
Water is easier to drink than Coke. some fun facts about H2O.

Water carries oxygen to your entire body. • Our bodies are about 60%
water and our blood is
Water makes your skin lighter. about 90% water.
Your brain functions better if you drink more water. • Almost 80% of our brain
tissue is water.
Water helps regulate your body temperature.
• Water is necessary for the
Water increases your blood pressure.
kidneys and other organs.
Water can help you lose weight if you drink it with soda.
• The average person can
One of the symptoms of dehydration is a bad headache. survive only for about one
week without water, but
one month without food.

In groups of 3 students, create a poster promoting drinking more

water. Use some of the facts that you heard in the recording and write
at least 5 sentences for your poster using the zero or first conditional.
Sketch your poster here, then draw it on a poster board at home.

60%
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29
Assessment

Achievement Level - Listening

Individual activity

1 Listen to a psychologist talk about the bad habit of interrupting and how to stop
it. Answer the questions based on what you hear.
1. Who interrupts more, men or women? ______________________________
2. How do many societies see interrupting? _____________________________
3. What is the first step to break a bad habit? ____________________________
4. What should you make your objective in a conversation? _________________
5. What will help you to stay present in the conversation? __________________

Achievement Level - Grammar

Individual activity

2 Complete each one of these sentences in an original way.

1. If I don’t sleep well the night before an exam, _________________________.
2. If _____________________________ , my parents will be angry.
3. I wish that my best friend ________________________________________.
4. I wish I ______________________________________________________.
5. If I feel sad, I __________________________________________________.

Achievement Level - Reading

Individual activity

3 Read the following text about the bad habit of biting your nails and decide if each
of the sentences that follow are True (T), False (F), or Not Mentioned (NM).
According to recent studies, approximately half of teenagers bite their nails.
It seems that if your parents bite their nails, you are more likely to bite yours
too. Scientists say that nail biting is associated with emotional or mental
trouble – people who are nervous, anxious, or depressed tend to bite their nails.
This is a bad habit because it can make you sick, or make your nails grow strangely.
But don’t worry, there are several techniques you can use to try to break this
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habit. You can cut your nails short so there is nothing to bite. You can paint them
with nail polish. There is even a special one for people who bite their nails that

30
 Assessment Are you proud of your habits?

tastes really awful! You can wear gloves to cover your fingers. You should also find
something to keep your hands and mouth busy. This could be a stress ball, a pen…
and for your mouth, a piece of gum.
No matter what technique you use, you need to find what makes you bite your
nails in the first place. Are you nervous? Anxious? Depressed? Usually the best
way to break a bad habit is to get to the root of the problem and solve that. Then
you will notice that the habit is no longer a habit.
Adapted from: https://wb.md/3aXVIn2

1. About 25% of teens bite their nails.

T F NM
2. People with addictions bite their nails.
T F NM
3. One of the consequences of biting your nails is getting sick.
T F NM
4. A technique to stop biting your nails is to keep your hands occupied.
T F NM
5. Even if you find the cause of a habit, it won’t help you to break it.
T F NM

Achievement Level - Speaking

Group activity

4 Work with a partner. One person is Student A and the other person is Student
B. Student A is a teenager and Student B is a parent (mother or father). Student B
is trying to convince student A to establish good habits. Create a dialogue with
8-10 lines per student and at least two first conditionals and perform it.

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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Use zero and first conditional

Talk about wishes

Give advice on breaking bad habits

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 Project 2

Freepik
Self-Improvement Talk Show
Tip We have spent this module talking about good and bad habits. For this
final project, you are going to work in groups of 4-5 students to create
Sometimes talk shows are a talk show.
spontaneous, with a lot
of emotion displayed by
There are many talk shows on television that deal with different
the participants. Instead
issues: families, relationships, gossip, and other topics. The talk
of just memorizing your show that you are going to create is for self-improvement.
lines in the dialogue, Follow the steps below.
try to really speak them,
Step 1
feel them, pretend you are
really participating in Form groups of 4-5 students. Decide who is going to be the host
a live show. Don’t worry of the talk show and who are going to be the guests.
about memorizing Step 2
word-for-word, just speak
Determine the role of each guest. Who are the people who are
English naturally if you
looking for help? Are the rest of the guests family members, friends…?
forget your lines! Determine the problem. Determine if you need any props (items that
will help your talk show come to life).

Step 3
Notes Develop a dialogue among the participants. You need to use every
element from the left side of the triangle on the first page at least once
in your talk show. Each participant should have between 8-10 lines
(“hi” does NOT count as a line!)

Step 4

Perform your talk show in front of the class. The class can be the live
studio audience, so they can ask questions or make comments
to the participants.
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Step 5

When all groups have performed, discuss the experience as a class.

Did you have a lot of topics in common among the groups?
Who was the most entertaining?

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