2

UNIT VOCABULARY
Thinking and learning

TOPIC VOCABULARY: THINKING

1 assess (v) /əˈses/ 1. đánh giá
The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers.
Accurately assess: đánh giá chính xác
2. định giá ~ estimate
Damage to the building was assessed at £40 000.
2 assume (v) /əˈsuːm/ 1. thừa nhận, cho rằng (là đúng) (kể cả khi không có
/əˈsjuːm/ bằng chứng)
It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will
continue to improve.
Don't always assume the worst (= that something bad has
happened).
2. đảm đương, gánh vác, đảm nhận trách nhiệm; nắm
lấy, chiếm lấy (quyền lực)
The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare (sự
an toàn).
Goodman will assume the role of president.
Assume = take on: to decide to do something; to agree to
be responsible for something/somebody
3. có chất lượng, hình dáng , mang
This matter has assumed considerable importance.
In the story the god assumes the form of an eagle (chim đại
bàng).
4. giả bộ, làm ra vẻ
He had assumed a stage Southern accent.
a name that somebody uses that is not their real name
SYNONYM pseudonym

• under an assumed name He was living under an

assumed name.

unassuming (adj): khiêm tốn >< assuming

3 baffle (v) /ˈbæfl/ khó có thể/ không thể hiểu, giải thích, giải quyết được.
His behaviour baffles me.
I'm baffled (as to) why she hasn't called.
4 biased (a) /ˈbaɪəst/ thiên vị, thiên về
Managers are naturally biased towards projects showing a quick
return.
Bias (N) bias towards sb/sth
5 concentrate (v) /ˈkɑːnsntreɪt/ 1. tập trung chú ý
I to concentrate on my job because I was worried about my struggled
son.
After 1926 she concentrated her energies on her medical practice.

2. tập trung lại

We need to concentrate resources on the most run-down areas.
run-down: xuống cấp
3. làm cô lại, làm giảm thể tích
6 Consider (v) /kənˈsɪdər/ 1. cân nhắc, xem xét, suy xét
We are considering various possibilities.
He was seriously considering an appeal.
a carefully considered response

2. xem như, coi như

I consider her a friend.

3. để ý đến, quan tâm đến

You should consider other people before you act.

7 contemplate (v) /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt/ 1. liệu trước, tính trước = consider, think about/of
You're too young to be contemplating retirement.
Contemplate doing sth: dự định suy tính làm gì
2. nghĩ và chấp nhận khả năng điều gì xảy ra
The thought of war is too awful to contemplate.
How could you even contemplate such an idea?
3. suy nghĩ kĩ, cân nhắc (trong thời gian dài)
to contemplate your future

4. lặng ngắm
She contemplated him in silence.

8 cynical (a) /ˈsɪnɪkl/ 1. tin rằng mọi người chỉ quan tâm đến bản thân họ hơn là vì
những lí do chính đáng và không chân thành, trung thực
a cynical view/smile
Do you have to be so cynical about everything?
2. hoài nghi, không tin điều gì quan trọng/ điều gì tốt sẽ xảy
ra.
I'm a bit cynical about the benefits of the plan.
Her experiences with men have made her thoroughly cynical about
love.
3. không quan tâm điều gì đó có thể làm tổn thương người
khác miễn là nó có lợi cho mình
a cynical disregard for the safety of others
a deliberate and cynical foul

9 deduce (v) /dɪˈdjuːs/ Suy ra, suy luận = infer

We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy.
/dɪˈduːs/
10 deliberate (v) /dɪˈlɪbəreɪt/ Cân nhắc kĩ càng, suy nghĩ chín chắn
Customers sometimes deliberate over a purchase for weeks.
The jurors are now deliberating the fate of the accused.
Deliberate on sth = take sth into consideration
Deliberate (adj): cố tình cố ý
11 dilemma (n) /dɪˈlemə/, Tình thế tiến thoái lưỡng nan
They were caught in a real dilemma.
/daɪˈlemə/ She faced a dilemma about whether to accept the offer or not.
the perennial dilemma between work and family commitments
on the horns of the dilemma: trong tình thế khó xử

12 Discriminate (v) /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/ 1. phân biệt

= differentiate, distinguish
The computer program was unable to discriminate between letters
and numbers.
When do babies learn to discriminate voices?
A number of features discriminate this species from others.
2. phân biệt đối xử
It is illegal to discriminate on the grounds of race, gender or
religion.
on the grounds of: về mặt gì
Discriminating = discerning: có trình độ, có khả năng nhận
xét đánh giá
13 dubious (a) /ˈduːbiəs/ 1. không chắc chắn, nghi ngờ
/ˈdjuːbiəs/ = doubtful
I was rather dubious about the whole idea.
2. đáng ngờ, khả nghi
= suspicious
They indulged in some highly dubious business practices to obtain
3. that you cannot be sure about; that is probably not good

14 estimate (v,n) (v) /ˈestɪmeɪt/ (v): ước lượng ( the cost, size, value etc)
(n) /ˈestɪmət/ to estimate the cost/value/number of something

(n):
1. sự ước lượng
to provide/obtain an estimate

2. sự báo giá
Two companies submitted estimates for the work.

15 faith (n) /feɪθ/ 1. sự tin tưởng

We've lost faith in the government's promises.
Her friend's kindness has restored her faith in human nature.
I wouldn't put too much faith in what she says.
He has blind faith (= unreasonable trust) in doctors' ability to
find a cure.
2. niềm tin vào thần linh
He started questioning his faith in God.
3. tín ngưỡng cụ thể
the Christian/Catholic/Islamic/Muslim/Jewish faith
 4. good/bad faith the intention to do something right/wrong
They handed over the weapons as a gesture of good faith.
Act in good faith/bad faith: hành động có thiện chí/ác ý
16 gather (v) /ˈɡæðər/ 1. tập hợp, tụ họp lại
The whole family gathered together at Ray's home.
2. thu thập
to gather information/data/intelligence
Detectives have spent months gathering evidence.
3. thu hoạch vụ mùa
They lived in the forest, gathering mushrooms and berries to eat.
4. hiểu, tin là đúng
She won't be coming.’ ‘So I gather.’
5. tăng lên
6. thu nhỏ (quần áo)
7. gather somebody + adv./prep. to pull somebody towards
you and put your arms around them
8. gather something/yourself to prepare yourself to do
something that requires effort
9. gather your breath to get your breath back after an effort
Gather speed: tăng tốc
17 genius (n) /ˈdʒiːniəs/ 1. thiên tài
Her idea was a stroke of genius.
2. người thiên tài
a mathematical/comic, etc. genius
3. kĩ năng, khả năng đặc biệt
He had a genius for making people feel at home.

18 grasp (v) /ɡrɑːsp/ 1. túm lấy, ôm ghì

• He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.
/ɡræsp/ 2. nắm được, thấu hiểu
They failed to grasp the importance of his words.
3. grasp a chance/an opportunity: nắm bắt cơ hội
Grasp (n) have a good grasp of sth: nắm bắt tốt được cái gì
19 guesswork (n) /ˈɡeswɜːrk/ Phỏng đoán
It was pure guesswork on our part.

20 hunch (n) /hʌntʃ/ Linh cảm

My hunch is that the burglars are still in the area.

21 ideology /ˌaɪdiˈɑːlədʒi/ hệ tư tưởng

(n) capitalist ideology: hệ tư tưởng tư bản

22 ingenious (a) /ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/ 1. (of an object, a plan, an idea, etc.) phù hợp, khéo léo
an ingenious device/invention/experiment

2. (of a person) sáng tạo, khéo

She's very ingenious when it comes to (về việc gì) finding
excuses.
Phân biệt: indigenous to = native to somewhere
23 inspiration (n) /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ 1. cảm hứng (especially in art, music or literature)
Both poets drew their inspiration from the countryside.
Looking for inspiration for a new dessert? Try this recipe.
She had the time and the inspiration to develop her talent.
2. người/ vật truyền cảm hứng
Her charity work is an inspiration to us all.
She became an inspiration and a role model for a new generation of
women.
3. ý tưởng hay chợt có (a sudden good idea)
He had an inspiration: he'd give her a dog for her birthday.
It came to me in a flash of inspiration.

24 intuition (n) /ˌɪntuˈɪʃn/ trực giác

I had an intuition that something awful was about to happen.

25 Justify (v) /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ 1. chứng minh ai/ cái gì là đúng, hợp lí

something The results of the inquiry did not justify them departing
from their existing policy.
Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her.
2. bào chữa, biện hộ
The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to
Parliament.
3. sắp chữ cho đúng hàng đúng chỗ

26 naive (a) /naɪˈiːv/ 1. khờ khạo, cả tin, thiều hiểu biết

to be politically naive
I can't believe you were so naive as to trust him!
2. Hồn nhiên, đơn giản
3. phong cách đơn giản (of art)
Naïve: ngây thơ, ngốc nghếch
Phân biệt innocent: ngây thơ vô tội
27 notion (n) /ˈnəʊʃn/ Ý tưởng, niềm tin, sự hiểu biết về cái gì
The author challenges preconceived notions of storytelling.
She dismissed the very notion of compromise.

28 optimistic (a) /ˌɑːptɪˈmɪstɪk/ Lạc quan

She's not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.
I think you're being a little over-optimistic.
On an optimistic note, the survey found children around the
world are very resilient.

29 paradox (n) /ˈpærədɑːks/ Sự đầy nghịch lí, mơ hồ

à paradoxical: ngược ngạo, mâu thuẫn
30 pessimistic (a) /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ Bi quan
They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of
winning.
31 plausible (a) /ˈplɔːzəbl/ 1. có vẻ hợp lí, đúng
Her story sounded perfectly plausible.
2. có vẻ thành thật và chân thành (đặc biệt khi lừa người khác)
She was a plausible liar.

32 ponder (v) /ˈpɒndə(r)/ Cân nhắc, suy nghĩ kĩ to think about something carefully for a
period of time
/ˈpɑːndər/ = consider
She pondered over his words.
They were left to ponder on the implications of the announcement.
The senator pondered the question for a moment.
We intend to ponder all the alternatives before acting.
They are pondering whether the money could be better used
elsewhere.

33 prejudiced (a) /ˈpredʒədɪst/ Có thành kiến (especially based on their race, religion, sex,
etc.)
They are prejudiced against older applicants.
Prejudice (n): định kiến

34 presume (a) /prɪˈzuːm/ 1. cho rằng, giả sử là

I presumed (that) he understood the rules.
I presumed him to be her husband.

2. Chập nhận cái gì là đúng cho đến khi chứng minh được là
nó không đúng (đặc biệt tại tòa)
3. thừa nhận
4, thiếu tôn trọng I wouldn't presume to tell you how to run your
own business.

35 query (v,n) /ˈkwɪri/ (v)

1. nghi ngờ
We queried the bill as it seemed far too high.
2. đặt câu hỏi
I queried a few people on the subject.

(n)
1. câu hỏi chất vấn, hỏi để thêm thông tin
Our assistants will be happy to answer your queries.
2. câu hỏi liệu là điều gì đã được quyết định
Put a query against Jack's name—I'm not sure if he's coming.
36 reckon (v) /ˈrekən/ 1. nghĩ = think
• I reckon (that) I’m going to get that job.
• He'll be famous one day. What do you reckon (= do you agree)?
2. (not used in the progressive tenses)to be generally
considered to be
• be reckoned to be/have something Children are reckoned to be
more sophisticated nowadays.
• + noun/adj. It was generally reckoned a success.

3. mong đợi làm gì

We reckon to finish by ten.
• He wasn’t reckoning to pay so much.

4. Tính toán số lượng.

• The trip was reckoned to take over two days.

37 reflect (v) /rɪˈflekt/ 1. phản chiếu, phản xạ

His face was reflected in the mirror.
2. phản ánh
Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.
This year's figures simply reflect the fact that we have fewer people
out of work.
Does popular culture reflect reality or distort it?
They are constantly revising the dictionary to reflect changes in
language.
Her remarks accurately reflect the views of most of us.
4. suy ngẫm, ngẫm nghĩ Before I decide, I need time to reflect.
• reflect on/upon something She was left to reflect on the
implications of her decision.

Implications: tác động

38 Sceptical/ (a) /ˈskeptɪkl/ Hoài nghi, ngờ vực
skeptical I am skeptical about his chances of winning.

39 speculate (v) /ˈspekjuleɪt/ 1. suy đoán, đưa ra ý kiến về…

We all speculated about the reasons for her resignation.
2. đầu cơ tích trữ để kiếm lời nhuận khi bán ra nhưng nguy cơ
dễ thua lỗ
He likes to speculate on the stock market.

40 suppose (v) /səˈpəʊz/ 1. tin rằng điều gì là đúng dựa trên hiểu biết của bản thân
Getting a visa isn't as simple as you might suppose.
2. yêu cầu, tuyên bố, đề xuất
I could take you in the car, I suppose (= but I don't really want
to).
3. giả sử cái gì là sự thật
Suppose flights are fully booked on that day—which other day could
we go?
TOPIC VOCABULARY: LEARNING
1 academic (n,a) /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ (n) giảng viên (đại học, cao đẳng), nghuên cứu sinh
a leading/distinguished/prominent academic
(a)
1. liên quan đến giáo dục, đặc biệt giáo dục trong trường cao
đẳng, đại học
The book brings together several academic subjects.
2. liên quan đến việc đọc và nghiên cứu nhiều hơn các kĩ năng
thực hành hoặc kĩ thuật
people whose skills are practical rather than academic
3. giỏi các môn liên quan đến đọc và nghiên cứu
She wasn't very academic and hated school.
4. không liên quan tới tình huống thực tiễn, vì vậy không quan
trọng
It's a purely academic question.
The whole thing's academic now—we can't win anyway.

2 conscientious (a) /ˌkɑːnʃiˈenʃəs Tỉ mỉ, cẩn thận, tận tâm, hết lòng
/ a conscientious student/teacher/worker
He was thorough and conscientious, rather than brilliant.

3 cram (v) /kræm/ 1. nhồi, nhét, tống vào (1 không gian nhỏ)
He crammed eight people into his car.
2. học nhồi (trong thời gian ngắn) để chuẩn bị cho kì thi
He's been cramming for his exams all week.

4 curriculum (n) /kəˈrɪkjələm/ Chương trình giảng dạy

Spanish is on/in the curriculum.
The school curriculum should be as broad as possible.

5 Distance (n /ˌdɪstəns Việc học từ xa

learning phr) ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/ a distance learning programme/package
I got my degree through a distance learning program.

6 graduate (v,n) (v) (v) Tốt nghiệp

/ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ She taught in France after she graduated.
(n) (n) cử nhân đại hoc, người đã hoàn thành chương trình THPT
/ˈɡrædʒuət/ a university/college graduate
a high school graduate
7 ignorant (a) /ˈɪɡnərənt/ 1. ngu dốt, không biết gì, không có nhiều kiến thức về…
an ignorant person/question
Never make your students feel ignorant.
He's ignorant about modern technology.
2. có cách cư xử tệ
a rude, ignorant person

8 inattentive (a) /ˌɪnəˈtentɪv/ Không chú ý

 inattentive to the needs of others
9 intellectual (n,a) /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl (n) người trí thức, người lao động trí óc
/ He was a leading intellectual of his day.
(a)
1. (thuộc về) trí tuệ, trí thức
an intellectual novel
2. có trí thức
She's very intellectual.

10 intelligent (a) /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ 1. thông minh

a highly intelligent child
She is clearly extremely intelligent.
2. có khả năng hiểu và học (động vật)
Elephants are intelligent creatures and enjoy interacting with
humans.
3. có thể lưu trữ thông tin và sử dụng nó trong các tình huống
mới (máy tính, chương trình)
intelligent robots/algorithms

11 intensive (a) /ɪnˈtensɪv/ 1. cấp tốc (nhiều công việc, hoạt động thươc hiện trong thời
gian ngắn)
an intensive language course
two weeks of intensive training
2. đầy đủ, chi tiết, có nhiều sự quan tâm
His disappearance has been the subject of intensive investigation.
3. thâm canh
Traditionally reared animals grow more slowly than those reared
under intensive farming conditions.
intensive agriculture
a crash course: khoá học cấp tốc

12 knowledgeable (a) /ˈnɑːlɪdʒəbl/ Thông thạo, biết nhiều

= well informed
She is very knowledgeable about plants.

13 lecture (v,n) /ˈlektʃər/ (v)

1. diễn thuyết, thuyết trình
He lectures on Islamic history at Birkbeck College.
She lectures in Russian literature.
a live broadcast of the professor lecturing to students
2. la mắng, quở trách, lên lớp
She lectured me about taking responsibility for my actions.
(n)
1. bài diễn thuyết, thuyết trình
2. lời la mắng, lời quở trách
14 Mock exam (n /mɑːk/ Kì thi thử
phr)
15 plagiarise (v) /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/ Ăn cắp ý tưởng, đạo văn
He was accused of plagiarizing his colleague's results.

16 Self-study (n) /ˌself ˈstʌdi/ Tự học

17 seminar (n) /ˈsemɪnɑːr/ 1. hội nghị chuyên đề, nhóm ngiên cứu chuyên đề
Teaching is by lectures and seminars.
2. cuộc thảo luận
one-day management seminar

18 Special needs (n /ˌspeʃl ˈniːdz/ Nhu cầu đặc biệt (trẻ em mù, câm, điếc)
phr) She teaches children with special needs.

19 tuition (n) /tuˈɪʃn/ 1. sự giảng dạy, sự dạy học

She received private tuition in French.
2. học phí
He won't be able to finish his education unless someone pays his
tuition.
Tuition fee: học phí

20 tutorial (n) /tuːˈtɔːriəl/ 1. thời gian hướng dẫn, giảng dạy

2. một cuốn sách ngắn hoặc chương trình máy tính cung cấp
thông tin về 1 chủ đề cụ thể

Account Account for 1. Giải thích

• To explain
• Ex: He was unable to account for the error.
2. Chiếm bao nhiêu %
• Form a total of sth
• Ex: The Japanese market accounts for 35 per cent of the company's
revenue.
Give (one) an account Cung cấp thông tin, kể lại, thuật lại cái gì
of • To recount information about someone or something to one.
Ex: All witnesses have to give the police an account of what they
saw the night of the burglary.
Take sth into account Để ý đến, chú ý đến, xem xét đến cái gì
• Ex: You had better take into account the business of partner
before you decide whether cooperate with their company or
not.
= take account of tính đến/ kể đến cái gì, xem xét
something • to consider particular facts, circumstances, etc. when
making a decision about something
• Ex: to consider particular facts, circumstances, etc. when
making a decision about something
on account of sb/ sth Bởi vì ai cái gì
• because of somebody/something
• Ex: She retired early on account of ill health.
By all accounts Theo như mọi người nói, theo nguồn tin từ mọi người
• according to what other people say
• Ex: I've never been there, but it's a lovely place, by all
accounts.
on somebody’s Vì ai
account • because of what you think somebody wants
 • Ex: Please don't change your plans on my account.
Associate associate with Giao du vs ai
somebody • to spend time with somebody, especially a person or people that
somebody else does not approve of
= take up with sb
• Ex: I don't like you associating with those people.
*gắn cái gì với cái gì
associate somebody/something with somebody/something I
always associate the smell of baking with my childhood. (NGHĨA
CHÍNH)
Balance hang in the balance Chưa chắc chắn
• If something hangs in the balance, nobody knows if it will
continue to exist in the future or what will happen to it
• Ex: Tom’s life hung in the balance for two weeks as he lay in
a coma.
strike a balance Cân bằng
between sth and sth to manage to find a way of being fair to two things that are
opposed to each other; to find an acceptable position that is
between two things
• We need to strike a balance between these conflicting
interests.
redress the balance Khôi phục thế cân bằng
>< upset the balance • to make a situation equal or fair again
• Ex: For years poorer children have had to put up with a
lower quality education, and now is the time to redress the
balance.
Upset the balance: làm mất đi sự cân bằng
Alter the balance: thay đổi sự cân bằng
on balance Sau khi cân nhắc kĩ
• after considering all the information
• Ex: On balance, the company has had a successful year.
off balance Không vững vàng, mất thăng bằng
• Be unsteady and in danger of falling
• Ex: He hit me while I was off balance.
catch/throw/knock Làm mất thăng bằng (dễ té, ngã)
someone/something The sudden movement threw him off balance.
off balance Làm ai đó bất ngờ, bối rối
He walked up and said I was fat, which really threw me off
balance (= made me feel confused).
Basis On the basis of/ that Trên cơ sở của …/ căn cứ theo…
• Ex: Agriculture is the main occupation, with tobacco and
cotton crops forming the basis of much local industry.
Basis for Tạo cơ sở
• Ex: The company continued to prosper, forming the basis
for much of the commercial activity of colonial Canada.
On a Hằng ngày/hằng tháng/hằng năm (cứ trên cơ sở thời gian)
daily/monthly/yearly • Ex: Agriculture is the main occupation, with tobacco and
basis cotton crops forming the basis of much local industry.
 On a temporary basis Trên cơ sở tạm thời
• Ex: The first group is those who wish to stay here longer
than three months but whose stay is, nevertheless, on a
temporary basis
Belief express belief Bày tỏ niềm tin
• Ex: Everyone is entitled to express their own personal
beliefs.
belief in/ that Tin vào, tin rằng
• a belief in the existence of UFOs
• Ex: the mistaken belief that cocaine is not an addictive drug
contrary to popular Trái với niềm tin của số đông, những gì người ta hay biết
belief • used for emphasizing that something is true, even though it
is opposite to what other people say or believe
• Ex: Contrary to popular belief, the animals do not often
attack humans.
beyond belief Không thể tin được (quá mức, tiêu cực)
• (in a way that is) too great, difficult, etc. to be believed
• Ex: The conditions they are living in are beyond belief.
In the belief that Với niềm tin rằng
• because you think that something is true
• Ex: wrote to him in the belief that he would help her.
Popular/widely held/ Niềm tin rộng rãi
widespread/firm/ • to be believed by a lot of people
strong/growing belief • Ex: They refuted the widely held belief that doses needed to
hold the belief that be increased over time in long-term users.
Firm belief: niềm tin vững chãi
growing belief: niềm tin (mà có càng nhiều người tin vào)
Brain pick somebody’s Hỏi kinh nghiệm, ý kiến ai đó
brains • Ex: I need to pick your brains: what can you tell me about
credit unions
rack your brain(s) Văt óc suy nghĩ
• She racked her brains, trying to remember exactly what she
had said
The brains behind Người chịu trách nhiệm chính cho một kế hoạch/hành động
Ex: Sheila is the brains behind our new environmental initiative, so
she deserves all the credit.
brainless Ngu ngốc
• Ex: Her husband’s colleagues were brainless bores.
brainchild Một ý tưởng/sự phát minh mới, thông minh của ai đó, đứa con trí
óc của ai
• Ex: The project is the brainchild of a Japanese designer.
brainstorm Động não
• Ex: Brainstorm as many ideas as possible
brainwash Tẩy não
• Ex: The group is accused of brainwashing its young
members.
 Brainwave Một ý tưởng hay bất chợt
• Ex: I’ve had a brainwave!
Conclusi Foregone conclusion Một kết quả có thể dự đoán trước được
on • Ex: The result of the game was a foregone conclusion
jump/leap to Vội vàng đưa ra kết luận
conclusions • Ex: There I go again—jumping to conclusions.
In conclusion Tóm lại là, kết luận
• Ex: In conclusion，I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed
staying in your beautiful country
bring sth to a Đưa cái gì đó đến một kết luận/kết quả
conclusion • Ex: The case was finally brought to a conclusion last week.
Come to/ arrive at/ Đi đến kết luận
reach a conclusion • Ex: We talked for a long time but never came to any
conclusion
• Ex: We didn't arrive at any firm conclusions.
conclusion of Kết quả của cái gì
• Ex: Conclusion of a theorem
logical conclusion Kết luận logic
• Ex: We can ask, however, whether he has taken this issue to
its logical conclusion.
Consider take into xét đến, tính đến, quan tâm đến, lưu ý đến
ation consideration • Ex: Taking everything into consideration, the event was a
great success.
Give consideration to nghiên cứu, cân nhắc
• Ex: Give one's careful consideration to a problem
Show consideration Tỏ vẻ/cho thấy sự quan tâm cái gì
for Ex: Don't try to show your consideration to me.
Under consideration đang được cân nhắc, nghiên cứu
• Ex: Your application is under consideration; we'll let you
know next week.
For sb’s consideration Để cho ai xem xét cái gì
• for sb to read and respond to
• Ex: Here are a few questions for your consideration.
Out of consideration Vì nghĩ cho ai, vì lợi ích của ai
for • for the sake of
• Ex: They let me do it out of consideration. It was very
thoughtful of them
doubt Doubt that Nghi ngờ rằng
• Ex: There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
Have your doubt Có nghi ngờ về điều gì đó
about • Ex: I've had my doubts about his work since he joined the
firm.
Cast doubt on Dấy lên sự nghi ngờ cho cái gì
• Ex: New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man
jailed for the crime
raise doubt about sth Đưa ra sự nghi ngờ
• Ex: She is the first minister to raise doubts about the idea
 in doubt Không chắc chắn
• Ex: The success of the system is not in doubt.
doubt as to = about Nghi ngờ về điều gì đó
• Ex: She leaves no doubt as to her own view of Picasso's
work.
without/ beyond any Không còn nghi ngờ gì nữa, chắc chắn
doubt • Ex: The research showed beyond doubt that smoking
contributes to heart disease.
a reasonable doubt Nghi ngờ hợp lí
• Ex: I believed, and still believe, that there was reasonable
doubt.
open to doubt Không xác định, mơ hồ, chưa định rõ
• Ex: It is now open to doubt whether the concert will go
ahead.
dream Dream of/ about/ that Mơ về, ước
• to think about something that you want very much:
• Ex: I dream of one day working for myself and not having a
boss.

Have a dream Có ước mơ

• Ex: We should have a dream and belief in life.
A dream to Mơ, ước
• Ex: She's got a dream to be a star.
Beyond your wildest Vượt xa khỏi những mong đợi, ước vọng
dreams
far more, better, etc. than you could ever have imagined or hoped
for
A dream come true Giấc mơ thành hiện thực
• Ex: Everyday is another chance to make a dream come true.
In your dreams Mơ đi! Còn khuya!
• used to tell somebody that something they are hoping for is
not likely to happen
• Ex: Dave, buy you a car? In your dreams!
Go/ work like a Diễn ra suôn sẻ
dream • to work or go extremely well, without any problems:
• Ex: The whole plan worked like a dream
focus Focus on Tập trung vào ai đó, cái gì đó
• Ex: In this scene, the camera focuses on the actor's face
The focus of/ for Trọng tâm của cái gì
• Ex: The primary focus of a manager is on efficiency.
In focus Rõ nét
• Ex: Pictures should be in focus, with realistic colours and
wellcomposed groups
Out of focus Không rõ ràng, mất nét
• Ex: In some of the pictures the subjects are out of focus
while the background is sharp.
Focus group Nhóm tập trung
• Ex: A focus group discussion is a good way to gather
 together
people from similar backgrounds or experiences to discuss a
specific topic of interest.
Main/ primary/ major Trọng tâm
focus • Ex: The primary focus of a manager is on efficiency
Impressi Have/ give the (false) có/gây ấn tượng (sai lệch) rằng
on Impression that • Ex: In other words, a first glance immediately gives a false
impression of a building which was in fact utterly careless
of the rules of composition.
Do an impression (of) bắt chước ai để gây cười = impersonate = take sb off
• copies the way another person speaks or behaves in order to
make people laugh
• Ex: She did an impress of Mr. Bean
Create/ make an gây ấn tượng cho ai đó
Impression (on sb) • to cause someone to notice and admire you:
• Ex: He made quite an impression on the girls at the tennis
club.
Under the impression có cảm tưởng rằng, cứ tưởng rằng (thường là sai)
that • believing, usually wrongly, that something is true or is
happening
Ex: I was under the impression that the work had already been
completed.
First Impressions Ấn tượng đầu
• Ex: I didn't have a great first impression of Steve, but we
ended up becoming very close friends.
mental make a mental note Ghi nhớ điều gì trong đầu (không cần giấy bút)
of st • I made a mental note to talk to her about it.
mental illness bệnh tâm thần
• Ex: He was suffering from mental illness caused by the
disease.
mental arithmetic Tính nhẩm
• Ex: I will demonstrate by mental arithmetic why he is
wrong
mental age Tuổi trí tuệ, tâm lí
• Ex: Most of the boys' mental age is about eleven.
mental health Sức khoẻ tinh thần
• Ex: The church cannot ignore mental health issues.
mind Make up your mind Quyết định
• Ex: They're both beautiful—I can't make up my mind.
Cross/ Slip your Bất chợt nghĩ, có ý nghĩ rằng
mind • to come into your mind
spring to mind • Ex: The thought never crossed my mind!
• SYNONYM occur to somebody
Slip your mind quên
• if something slips your mind, you forget it or forget to do it
• Ex: I’m sorry I didn’t tell you. It completely slipped my
mind.
 Have/ bear in mind Nhớ rằng, nhớ điều gì
• to remember to consider something when you are thinking
about or doing something else
• Ex: When you speak to Lee, bear in mind he’s still pretty
upset about what happened.
Have a one-track chỉ nghĩ về 1 vấn đề (ám ảnh)
mind • think about one particular thing and nothing else
• Ex: My sister has a one-track mind, only thinking about how
something can further her career.
Take your mind off quên, không bận tâm đến điều gì
• to stop you thinking about something unpleasant for a short
time
• Ex: Painting helped take her mind off her troubles.
Bring/call sth to mind nhớ lại điều gì
• Ex: She couldn't call to mind where she had seen him before.
In two minds about phân vân
• to be unable to decide what you think about
somebody/something, or whether to do something or not
• Ex: She's in two minds about accepting his invitation.
On your mind đang suy nghĩ
• in your thoughts, or making you worry
• Ex: Work is very much on her mind at the moment.
State of mind tâm trạng
• Ex: He shouldn’t drive in his present state of mind.
Narrow/ broad/ open nông cạn
absent - minded • Ex: His brother refuses to even listen to anyone else's point
of view. He is very narrow-minded
Open-minded: cởi mở
Absent-minded: đãng trĩ
misappre Under the hiểu lầm, hiểu sai
hension misapprehension that • Ex: He was under the misapprehension that those chemicals
were banned.
Perspecti Put into perspective xem xét cái gì một cách đúng đắn
ve • Ex: Let’s try and put your present problems in perspective,
get/keep then you’ll see that things aren’t as bad as you think.
somethin
g in
perspecti
ve
(=judge
the
importan
ce of
somethin
g
correctly)
From another/ a theo quan điểm của ai, từ điểm nhìn của ai
different/ sb’s/ etc • Ex: Looked at from another perspective, 10 years is not
 perspective enough time to perfect democracy.
From the perspective từ quan điểm/góc nhìn của ai
of
In perspective Theo quy luật xa gần
• Ex: That box in the background of your painting doesn't
look like it's in perspective to me
Out of perspectiveve Không theo quy luật xa gần
• Ex: If you don't think it's that big a deal, you've definitely
got things out of perspective
A sense of • the ability to judge objectively and reasonably, to see a
perspective problem in context to see the whole picture
principle Have principles có những nguyên tắc
• Ex: i have my own principles.
Stand by/stick to Tuân thủ nguyên tắc
your principles • Ex: Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it.
principles of sth Nguyên tắc của cái gì
• Ex: The basic principles of car maintenance.
principle that Nguyên tắc rằng
• Ex: the application of the principle that men and women
should receive equal pay for equal work
in principle Về nguyên tắc
• Ex: A tidal current turbine is similar in principle to a
windmill.
a matter/ an issue of Một vấn đề/nguyên do của nguyên tắc
principle • Ex: She refuses to allow her family to help her as a matter of
principle.
against sb's principles Trái với các nguyên tắc
• Ex: I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles.
set of principles Bộ nguyên tắc
• Ex: The court derived a set of principles from this general
rule
question Beg the question 1. Làm dấy lên câu hỏi
To discuss the company's future begs the question of whether it
has a future.
2. Nói về điều gì đó như thể nó đúng mặc dù nó có thể sai
• These assumptions beg the question that children learn
languages more easily than adults.
Raise the question of Đặt ra câu hỏi, đưa ra câu hỏi
a/ no question of Không có khả năng cho điều gì có thể xảy ra
• Ex: There was no question of him cancelling the trip so near
the departure date
In question a) the things, people etc in question are the ones that are being
discussed
Where were you during the evening in question?
b) if something is in question, there is doubt about it
I’m afraid his honesty is now in question.
Out of the question Không thể
 • impossible or not allowed and therefore not worth
discussing
• Ex: Another trip abroad this year is out of the question.
Without question Không nghi ngờ gì nữa
• Absolutely or with absolute certainty; with no doubt
whatsoever.
• Ex: This photo now proves, without question, that my client
is innocent.
Beyond question Rõ ràng rồi,không còn gì để bàn cãi
• Clear and certain.
• Ex: Her skill on the court is beyond question, so I'm not
surprised that she won a full athletic scholarship.
Some question over/ Câu hỏi về
as to/about
Awkward question câu hỏi nhạy cảm
Sense sense that Cảm giác về điều gì đó
• Ex: I had the sense that he was worried about something.
see sense Hợp lí, có lí
• Ex: I tried to make him see sense, but he just wouldn't listen.
make sense (of) Hiểu điều gì đó
• Ex: I can’t make sense of that painting.
have the sense to Có ý thức
• Ex: You should have the sense to take advice when it is
offered.
come to your senses tỉnh ngộ
• Ex: He waited for Dora to come to her senses and return.
a sense of Ý thức về cái gì
• Ex: Always try to keep a sense of proportion
in a/one sense Theo một cách nào đó
• Ex: In a sense it doesn't matter any more.
common sense Lẽ thường, kiến thức phổ thông, đại chúng
• Ex: It’s common sense to keep medicines away from
children.
Side Side with sb Đứng về phía ai đó trong một cuộc tranh cãi với người khác
• to support one person or group in an argument:
• Ex: If ever there was any sort of argument, she'd always side
with my father against me.
Take sides Theo phe ai
• Ex: My mother never took sides when my brother and I
argued.
See both sides (of an hiểu cả hai ý kiến hoặc lập luận trong một tình huống
argument) • Ex: It’s difficult for me because I can see both sides.
Look on the bright Nhìn vào mặt tích cực
side • To highlight the good in an otherwise bad situation.
• Ex: Looking on the bright side, I'll have plenty of time to
start my own business now that I'm unemployed.
On the plus/ minus Mặt tích cực/ mặt tiêu cực
 side • Ex: The car is quite heavy, but on the plus side it is
invincible in a crash.
By sb’s side Bên cạnh ai đó
• Ex: I will always stand by your side
On either side of Ở một phía, một bên của cái gì đó
• on one side of something and on the other side of it
• Ex: There were stone lions on either side of the door.
Straight Set/ put sb straight sửa nhầm lẫn cho ai đó, làm rõ với ai về điều gì
about • Ex: I had to set him straight about what really happened.
set/ put the record Làm xác thực, rõ ràng về điều gì mà trước đó bị hiểu sai
straight • Ex: She's decided to write her memoirs to set the record
straight once and for all.
get/ come straight to Nói thẳng vào vấn đề
the point • Ex: Ok, I'll get straight to the point. I'm afraid we're going to
have to make
some budget cuts.
get sth straight Nói thẳng điều gì
Ex: Let me get this straight. You want me to help you cheat on the
exam?
think/ see straight Suy nghĩ thông suốt
• Ex: The drugs were affecting her and she couldn't think
straight.
straight talking Nói thẳng
• Ex: He carries a lot of respect in his field, not least from
being a true
Northern straight-talking lad
straight answer Trả lời thẳng
• Ex: Perhaps for once we can get a straight answer to a
straight question.
View View sth as Xem cái gì đó như là
• Ex: Some people view life as a comedy.
Take the view that Có quan điểm, niềm tin rằng
• Ex: I now take the view that religion is harmless so long as it
does not compel its members to proselytize.
Take a dim/ poor Không đánh giá cao điều gì/ai/cái gì
view of • Ex: My boss takes a dim view of anyone who arrives late for
meetings.
Come into view = appear
• Ex: I wasn't sure what the bunny was running from, until a
dog came into view.
In view of 1. Xem xét, xét thấy
• Ex: In view of the weather, the event will now be held
indoors
2. Bởi vì cái gì
• Ex: In view of the shortage of time, each person may only
speak for five minutes.
With a view to Để làm gì
 • with the intention or hope of doing something
• Ex: He's painting the house with a view to selling it.
View on/about/that Quan điểm, ý kiến về điều gì đó
• Ex: He's painting the house with a view to selling it.
In sb’s view Theo quan điểm của ai đó
• Ex: And what, in your view, would be the best way to go
about solving this problem?
Viewpoint Quan điểm
• Ex: From a practical viewpoint, I'd advise you not to go.

Point of view Thái độ hoặc quan điểm về điều gì

• Ex: There are a number of different points of view on this
issue.