Future Living COMM es SU en Nes Sere aac ei oct SAND mac ae nTMAKING PREDICTIONS REGEN eee uica ie ee gn CES ede oy PO ese en heme Td RU OR ur elec Pee eae Ciao ca Caen RiCUn ea USO Sie Waa Cu cad “The telephone [cannot] be seriously considered as a means of communication.” Sua SN RR a CS el ee Se ae een) PNR then ee een ecu Kee CMe ee. ku - Peet et ae ton mem De Son eho Onn — Cambridge University Professor Douglas Hartree, 1951 Ce aa q‘4 Aman chats with WHAT WILL LIFE BE LIKE IN 2025? ace Caa cet Cea ima! in Oe Stee UR A Seen nC ean a erate oe ae a eo Va aed Desa CUN Rae ert Se ee er Cn ee RS Tet LCR ane EdPartners Use intetigence with adectves: human intaligance, ambient intligence, artificial intligence. 104 | UNITS A | Building Vocabulary. Find the words and phrases in blue in the reading passage on 105-106. Read the words around them and try to guess their meanings. Then match the sentence parts below to make definitions. If things adapt to you, a, you tell people what you think You use “entire” they should do, You say “for instance” to give an example. Ifyou suggest something, If something has intelligence, it can understand and learn things to describe all of something. they change in order to deal with Revo eae B | Building Vocabulary. Find the words and phrases in blue in the reading passage on pé 105-106, Read the words around them and try to guess their meanings. Then complete the sentences. p track of link network pattern temperature) 1. The —______ on Mars is much lower than on Earth. 2. A connects all the computers in a computer lab. 8. Some people use the calendar in their phone to ______ their appoint 4, Some people prefer a striped _____ on their walls; others prefer plain walls instead. 5. Youcan connect wirelessly. your computer with the Internet using a cable, or yo & C | Using Vocabulary. Answer the questions. Discuss your ideas with a partner. 4. What do you think the temperature outside is today? 2, How do you keep track of news events? 3. What patterns can you see around you (for example, on people’s clothes or on book BD | Brainstorming. List some technologies that make life easier or more fun today than in Technologies That Make Life Easier Technologies That Make Life More highcspeed trains 3-D movies E | Predicting. Scan the reading passage on pages 105-108 quickly. Underline five sentences with will What do you think the passage is about? a, schools in the future b. offices in the future ©. homes in the futureREADING HOW WILL WE LIVE? 44 Willthe homes of the future be located in tall skyscrapers lke these in Dubai? And what wil life inside the home realy be ke? Prcrore ras: You wake up in the morning. A soft light turns on in your room, You go into the bathroom and the shower starts. The water is the perfect temperature. After your shower, you go into B) thekitchen. Your favorite breakfast is already cooked, and it’s on the table, ready to eat. Now it’s time to go to work. It’s a rainy day. You live alone, but you find that your umbrella and hat are already by the door. How is all this possible? Welcome to your future life! APPLIANCES THAT TALK | Technology will allow homes in the future to be “smart.” Appliances will communicate with each Bother Refrigerators will suggest recipes based on food items you already have. .d with you. Your stove, for instance, will tell you when your food is cooked and ready to eat. The technology is possible because of tiny information-storing devices called RFID? chips. People, already use them to keep track of pets and farm animals, Future RFID chips will store information [about all the items in your cabinets? For example, they will record the date that you bought each item. Other devices will “read” this information using radio waves. When you need more food, your cabinets will tell you to buy it. + RFID is “racio-reque' * A cabinet isa type of c and other ites FUTURE LIVING | 108t=O ee HOUSES THAT THINK Are you tired of the color or of your walls? In a smart home, you won't have to repaint them. The walls will actually be digital screens, like computer or TV screens. The te called OLED, and it’s here already. OLEDs are tiny devices that use electricity to light things. You can find the same technology in today’s thin TV screens. OLED walls will become clear, like windows, or display colors and patterns, like walls ‘A computer will link these walls with everything else in your house. C: this computer “brain” will control your house. It will also pr ferences. Your house will learn about your likes and dislikes. It will then use that knowledge to control the environment. For example, it will set the heat in the house to your favorite temperature. It will turn on the shower at the right temperature, It will also darken the windows at night and lighten them when it’s time to wake up. ROBOTS THAT eee, But how about your cooked breakfast, and the umbrella and hat you found by the door? For those, you can thank your robot helper. Futurologists predict that many homes will have robots in the furure. Robots already do many things such as building cars and vacuuming floors. Bur scientists today are starting to build friendlier, more intelligent robots—ones that people will feel more comfortable having around in the house. Sociable® robots will be able to show feelings with their faces, just like humans They will smile and frown, make eye contact, and speak. These robots will do work around the house such as cooking and cleaning, They will even take care of children and the elderly: How soon will this smart home be a reality? There’s a good chance it will be a part of your life in 25 or 30 years, pethaps PR2 sooner. Much of the technology is Peer ones already here * OLED means “organic light-emitting diode. * It you are sociable, you are friend ambient refers 10 what is.A | Understanding the Gist. Look back at your answer for exercise E on page 104, Was your prediction correct? Identifying Main Ideas. Look back at the reading on pages 105-106. Match each ‘main idea below to a paragraph from the reading (A-H). 1, An electronic system called “ambient intelligence” will control an entire house. RFID technology will allow parts of the house to communicate with us. OLED screens will change the Intelligent homes may be a part of our everyday life within 30 years. your walls look. Sk eR Robots that act like humans will do housework and take care of people. Identifying Key Details. Read each statement below. Then circle T for true and F for false, according to the reading. Correct the false statements. Appliances That Talk 1. Someday, kitchen cabinets will tell you it’s time to buy more food. ar 2, RFID chips are already used today for keeping track of children. 5 Houses That Think 8. People will change their wall patterns using RFID technology. ea 4, Darkening windows at night is an example of ambient intelligence, Tr Robots That Feel? 5, Scientists are building robots that can help take care of elderly people. TF 6. Robots will soon be more intelligent and sociable than humans ae | Critical Thinking: Evaluating Attitude. Work with a partner. First, circle the words to complete this sentence. Cue ‘The author of the reading passage on pages 105-106 seems positive (optimistic) / Evaluating a negative (pessimistic) about the future. ence about how they Find examples that support your answer. Look for words and phrases the writer uses eiaene to describe the scene in the opening paragraph. Does the description make life sound subject. Ask y Fi {yourself fs the pleasant or unpleasant ee Look at how the writer describes appliances, houses, and robots. Does the writer ad make these devices sound practical (useful) or impractical (not useful)? ‘agree or disagree with his or her Now discuss this question with your partner: Do you agree with the writer's attitude attitude? about the future? Why, or why not? Personal ing. Discuss answers to these questions in a small group. 1. Which future technologies in the reading would you like to have in your home? 2, Are there other household technologies you would like to have? FUTURE LIVING | 107108 UNIT 6 Reading Skill: Understanding Pronoun Reference Pronouns usually refer to nouns that appear earlier ina text. The pronoun may refer to @ noun earlet the sentence, or in a previous sentence. It's important to understand which noun a pronoun refers fo Subject pronouns usually refer back to subjects in sentences: Your favorite breaktast is already cooked, and it's on the table, ready to eat. ‘subject ‘subject pronoun ‘Object pronouns usually refer back to objects in sentences: When you need more food, your cabinets wil tell you to buy it object ‘object pronoun Note: Pronouns always match the nouns they refer to in number and in gender. A | Matching. Underine the subject and object pronouns in the following paragraph about Wakamaru. Then draw an arrow to the noun that each pronoun refers to. (i o Engineers in Japan built a sociable robot named Wakamaru, They designed Wakamaru to help and serve people in a friendly, caring, and intelligent way. Wakamaru can recognize faces and use gestures. It knows 10,000 words and can use them to talk to people about the weather and other subjects, Wakamaru can do ‘many tasks for a family. For example, at night, it moves quietly around the house, but it can wake family members up if the any trouble. During the day, Wakamaru can also send them email and text messages. B | Understanding Pronoun Reference. Find these sentences in the reading passage on pages 105-106. Write the wordis) that each underlined pronoun refers to. 1. Paragraph C: People already use them to keep track of pets and farm animals them, 2, Paragraph C: For example, they will record the date that you bought each item they = 8. Paragraph D: The technology is called OLED, and it’s here already 4, Paragraph G: They will smile and frown, make eye contact, and speak They =IEWING | Here are some words you will hear in the video. Complete each definition with the correct word. Use your dictionary to help you. {ambitious colonize credible frontier _—_mission _restore A is an important job that usually involves travel. Biifyou______________aplace, you go there and eontrol it 8. Ifyou are _____...___, you want very much to be successful. 4, Ifan idea is ____________ iris believable. 6 Ais an area where people are just starting to live. 6 Ifyou_________aplace, you make it the way it was in the past. | Do you think humans could live on Mars now? How about in the future? Discuss your ideas with a partner. hile Viewing | As you view the video, circle whether statements 1-4 are true (T) or false (F). 4. Only a few unmanned missions have gone to Mars. 2, There are some places on Earth that are similar to the surface of Mars. 8, We are certain that there never was any life on Mars 4aaa maama47 4, Scientists believe that humans could live on Mars in the future, After Viewing | Discuss the statements (1-4) above with a partner. Correct the false statements. | Which technologies in the reading on pages 105~106 might be useful for living on Mars? FUTURE LIVING | 109Plants both @ noun and a vat (7). ating thing that grows in the earth ‘tomato pat; ‘a healthy plant; 2, aactory, or ‘place where power is produced: ‘an assembly pant () putin the grouna: planta tree; plant afiag. 110 | UNITS A | Building Vocabulary. Read the paragraph below. Notice the words in blue. These are wi that you will see in the reading passage on pages 112-113. Match each word with its defi We know that it is very cold on Mars. Scientists recorded the temperature of Mars in s places on the planet. They took these temperatures to discover the average temperature on Mars, which is minus 60 degrees Celsius. Because the temperature is so low, there is no lig ‘on Mars, only ice. Carbon dioxide (a gas) is trapped in this ice—it cannot get out. Hower heat can melt the ice and turn it into water. This can release the carbon dioxide and let it into the atmosphere. When the level of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, Mars become warmer. 2 2 ~ iH] aege a substance that flows freely, for example, water or oil stop holding; let go the normal, or typical, amount of something a point on a scale, usually showing the amount of something | 2 held and kept from moving B | Building Vocabulary. Find the words in blue in the reading passage on pages 112-113. Read the words around them and try to guess their meanings. Then match the sentence parts below to make definitions. 9b ow A survey A goal When you breathe, A factory Aplant ._ isa place where people use machines to make things. ._ is a living thing that grows in the earth a stem, leaves, and roots. is the aim or purpose of an activity. is an activity in which people try to get information >. you take air into your lungs.| Using Vocabulary. Answer the questions in complete sentences. Then share your sentences with a partner. ‘Average has noun and adjective forms: (0) 1. n math, the result of ding two of more amounts and ten avaing by the numberof ‘The average | er Js 70 degrees. 2. the normal amount or quality fora particular group: anal was {wie the average for this time of year (adj) 1. typical, normal: The average adult man bums 1/550 f0 2,000 calories a day 2 ordinary: Wakamaruis not 8. What kind of plants grow well in your area? an average robot 1, What is one of your main goals in life? How will you achieve it? 2. What is the average temperature in your area? 4, Are there many factories in your area? What do they make? 5. When was the last time you gave information in a survey? | Predicting. Read the title and look at the pictures and captions of the reading passage ‘on pages 112-113. What do you think the passage is about? a the technology we will use to travel to Mars and other planets b, what an average day on Mars will be like for people in the future ©. how we can make Mars a place where people can liveae) 9 -Wol i ie) WILL HUMANS someday live and work on Mars? Many scientists think so, In fact, they are already working on plans to turn Mars into a new Earth, Humans need three basic things to live: water to drink, air to breathe, and food to eat. Because of the la [5 _ ofthese necessities, i isn’t possible to live on Mars right now. For one thing, there is not enough oxygen: There is also no liquid water—just some ice. So how can we make Mars habitable?! The answer, say scientists, is a process called terraforming. Terraforming means changing the environment of a planet so that itis similar to Earth’s. On Mars, the average temperature is about minus 60 degrees Celsius. So one of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up. One idea for warming Mars comes from a problem here on Earth—climate change. Most scientists agree that Earth is becoming warmer due to increased levels of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. We might create similar conditions on Mars by building factories that release greenhouse The gases will change the atmosphere on Mars. Rain will fall, and it may be possible to grow plants for food. The plants will add more oxygen to the ai There will be many difficulties in terraforming Mars. The project could take many centuries, and the ¢0 B]__ will be high. We have some of the technology, such as the ability to create greenhouse gases, but not th money. However, life on Mars is a real possibility for future generations. * Ifaplace is habitable, you can ive there, 112.1 uniteTURNING THE RED PLANET GREEN @ rast visirs ‘Terraforming Mars will probably be a thousand- year project, starting with several survey missions. The flight to Mars will take six months, and each mission might last 18 months. HOMES ON MAAS Each new mission will build more habitation modules—places to live. These will allow future visitors to spend more time on Mars and learn more about living on the planet. GLOBAL WARMING To warm up the planet and to make water flow and create an atmosphere, we will need to increase the carbon dioxide level on Mars. Greenhouse gases will melt the ice in Mars’s polar regions. When the ice becomes water, the water will release the carbon dioxide that was trapped inside the ice. @ ure uNoeA oOoMes HHI Se oa eS a Enormous domes will provide climate- controlled living spaces, first for plants and later for humans. It will take centuries to improve the rocky surface so that people can grow plants. POWERING THE PLANET Nuclear power? and wind turbines? are two current technologies that we might be able to use on Mars for power. DON’T FORGET YOUR MASK Even 1,000 years from now, there may still not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe. People on Mars may still need to use equipment similar to scuba gear * Nuclear power comes from the energy that is releasad when the central parts of atoms are split or combined. * Wind turbines are engines with blades. They produce power when wind spins the blades. “Scuba gear is equipment that helps people breathe underwater. FUTURE LIVING | 113A | Understanding the Gist. Look back at your answer for exercise D on page 111. Was your prediction correct? B | Identifying Key Details. Complete the following sentences with information from the readin on pages 112-113. Note the paragraphs where you find the information. Paragraph ___ 1. There is no a on Mars—just ice. Paragraph 2. Terraforming Mars means making it similar to Paragraph ___ 8. For many years, humans probably won’t be able to ‘on Mars without special equipment, Paragraph 4, The flight to Mars will take ___ months. Paragraph ——_ 5. One way to warm up Mars is to build —___.. These will re gases into the air. Paragraph 6. Two technologies that exist now will probably give us power on Mars and — © | Sequencing. Put the steps to lving on Mars in the correct order. Write the letter of the step] the correct place on the time line. People will build more habitation modules, spend more time on Mars, and learn more about it. People will build domes and start to grow plants in them for food, People will build factories on Mars to warm it up, People will visit Mars on 18-month missions and start to build places to live. 1,000 years from: Sees D | Understanding Pronoun Reference. Find these sentences in the reading passage on pages 112-113. Then match the underlined pronoun to the noun it refers to. Two nouns: ot be used, ‘Terraforming means changing the environment greenhouse gases of a planet so that itis similar to Earth's she exwitonnatil So one of the main goals of terraforming Mars terraforming is to warm it up. Mars ‘These will allow future visitors to spend more habitation m time on Mars . 423 E | Critical Thinking: Synthesizing/Evaluating. Discuss these questions in small grou 1. Does the information in the reading support the information in the video “Colot Mars”? What additional information did you learn? 2. Which predictions from this unit do you think are most likely to happen? Why? 114 | uniteA | Read the information in the box. Then complete the sentences (1-8) with and, but, or so. Language for Writing: Using And, But, and So Writers use the conjunctions and, but, and so to connect information in sentences. And introduces an additional idea . .. * to.connect words: People will visit Mars and Venus. * to connect phrases: People will visit Mars and build habitation modules. * to connect clauses: People will visit Mars, and they will build habitation modules. But introduces a contrasting idea . .. * to.connect words: I's hot but habitable. * to connect phrases: People will live on Mars but not on Venus. * to connect clauses: People will ive on Mars, but they won't live on Venus. So introduces results... * to connect clauses: It's very cold on Mars, so we will need to warm it up. Remember: * to use @ comma when you connect clauses. ‘© when you use and and but, you don't have to use the subject and the auxiliary verb in the second clause, if they are the same in the first clause: People wil ive on Mars. People will work on Mars. subject \ subject ‘auriliary vor’ aunlliary verb For mote explanation of People will ive and work on Mars. Cenjunctions, see page 213 ' ot Example: In the future, we will use solar energy for fuel, but __ we probably won't use oil. 4. Missions to Mars are expensive, —______ we probably won’t send people there for many years. 2. Scientists have sent robots to the moon to Mars, 8. In 1900, John Watkins predicted digital photographs ____ mobile phones. 4, We already know how to warm up the Earth, it will probably be possible to warm116 | UNITS ac There is no liquid water on Mats, _____ no plants can grow there. NASA wanted to send people to Mars 30 years ago, the government didn’t have enough money. 7. People have already been to the moon, ____ they haven’t been to Mars. 8. Travel to Mars is dangerous, ___ we will send robots instead. Combine the sentences using and, but, or so. Leave out the pronoun and auxiliary vert when possible, Example: Robots can vacuum houses. They can build cars. (and) Robots can vacuum Louses And build cars. 1. PRQ can take care of elderly people. It can deliver mail. (and) 2. PR2 cooks. It doesn’t communicate. (but) 3. Wakamaru knows 10,000 Japanese words. Itis able to communicate with people. (50) 4, There is not enough oxygen on Mars, Humans cannot breathe there. (50) With a partner, list three items that will be different in the future. Think about what they will 00k like and how they will work, Note your ideas in the chart. Then write sentences the items using and, but, and so. Object What It Will Look Like / How It Will Work. 3.Writing Skill: Using Pronouns to Avoid Repetition ‘As you saw on page 108, pronouns usually refer to nouns that appear earlier in a text. Writers use pronouns to avoid repetition. Example: Robots will do many things around the house. > For example, robots will clean the house and prepare food. Robots will do many things around the house. > For example, they will clean the house and prepare food. Try not to use the same pronoun to refer to more than one thing in a sentence, as this can confuse the reader. PTT | Draw a line through the repeated nouns in sentences 1-5 and replace them with pronouns. 1. REID chips will keep track of the food in your cabinets, and RFID chips will tell you when it’s time to go to the store. 2, People on survey missions to Mars will build domes and live in the domes. 8, People will terraform Mars and make Mars more like Earth. 4, Even after a thousand years, people won’t be able to breathe on Mars, so people will have to use breathing equipment. , Mars doesn’t have any oxygen, but plants will slowly add oxygen to the atmosphere over many years Replace the underlined pronouns with a word or phrase from the box. One item is not needed. | peopl plants therobots thedomes _the colors |. Sociable robots will communicate better with people. They will speak to them and make eye contact with them, so they will feel more comfortable. People will build domes on Mars. They will live in them and grow plants in them, People will use OLED screens to change the colors of their walls. If they don’ like ‘them, they will just push a button and change them.&& A | Brainstorming. Imagine a typical day in 2050. What will it be like? Brainstorm some ideas about your typical day. Use these categories or your own ideas. My home: Seudy: Work: Family: Travel: Entertainment: Other things: B | Planning. Follow the steps to make notes for your sentences. Step 1 Choose three categories you want to write about (for example, your home, ‘and travel). Write them in the chart below. Step 2 _ Use your brainstorming notes above to add two or three details for each cat Ona typical day in 2050... Category: Details: Category: Details: Category: Details: | Draft 4. Use the information in the chert in exercise B to write a first draft of your senter 11g | UNITS| Peer Evaluation. Exchange your first draft with a partner and follow these steps: Step1 Read your partner's sentences. Then answer the questions below about them. 1. Are the ideas organized in a logical way? y i 2. Does all the information relate to the main idea? Y WN 8. Does the writer include details for each category? YON Ye 4, Does the writer use pronouns to avoid repetition? Step2 Tell your partner one thing that you liked about his or her sentences. Step3 Share your answers to the questions in Step 1 with your partner Draft 2. Write a second draft of your sentences. Use what you learned from the peer evaluation activity. Make any necessary changes. Editing Practice. Read the information in the box. Then find and correct one mistake with 10, but, or so in each of the sentences (1-7). In sentences with and, but, and so, remember to: * use and to introduce an additional idea, but to introduce a contrasting idea, and so to introduce a result. * use a comma when you connect two clauses. * leave out repeated subjects and auxiliary verbs with and or but. ople will live on Mars someday, and it is too expensive to travel there now. is too cold for human visitors, but they will need to warm it up. sbots will take care of children, so they will do housework. ‘tip to Mars sounds amazing, and I would not like to live there! appliances will buy food but cook dinner. have flying cars in 2050, and there will probably be fewer cars on our roads, future, you will put a language chip in your brain, but you won’t have to foreign languages. FUTURE A RemG | Editing Checklist. Use the checklist to find errors in your second draft Editing Checklist ‘ ‘Are all the words spelled correctly? 2. Do your subjects and verbs agree? 8. Is the first word of every sentence capitalized? 4, Does every sentence end with the correct punctuation? 5. Did you use and, but, and so correctly? H | Final Draft. Now use your Editing Checkisst to write a third draft of your sentences. Make any other necessary changes. QUIZ 1 4. One from the for 2026 is that most of our energy will come and not from oil, 104 2. You can use for instance to give an 08 8. We already have that build cars and vacuum floors. 4, Pronouns usually refer to nouns that appear ina text 109 5, Ifa human travels into space, the joumey is called a manned p.110 6A leaves, and roots, isa living thing that grows in the earth with a stem, 7. Terraforming means changing a planet so it’s more similar to pts 8. You combine ideas with but to show a 120 | unite