Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)

Vol.01/ No. 01
Pages: 45-54
https://www.irojournals.com/jucct/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

SECURITY AND PRIVACY MECHANISM USING BLOCKCHAIN

Dr. V. Suma,
Professor, Department of Information Science & Engineering,
Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
E-mail id: suma-ise@dayanandasagar.edu

Abstract: Block chain being a foundational technology impacting and attracting a wide range of applications has become
predominant in solving the problem of privacy preserving and security in multitude sectors that is under the control of the
government and the private. The paper also presents the security and the privacy mechanism using the block chain to prevent the
misuse and the corruption in the sharing of huge set of data generated from the judiciary, security, legislature, commercial code
registries etc. The proposed system enables reliability and the trust in the data sharing in the communication channels utilizing
the block chain with the RSA digital signature. The proposed system is simulated as a java programming version to evince the
enhancement in the latency in the sharing of the information’s along with the privacy and the security.

Keywords: Block chain technology, security, privacy, data sharing, and latency.

1. INTRODUCTION

The latest developments in the information technology has led to a huge flow of information’s and the enormous
valuable data contained in it this makes them to be engrossed and prone to the cyber-attacks causing the hacking and
the modification of the valuable data’s [2] The constant progress in the block chain technology has made it more and
more attractive among a wide range of applications such as the bank transactions, intelligent systems, internet of
things based applications , government sectors, industrial sectors etc. for the prevention of the unknown attacks and
the hacking of the privacy information [1]. Joshi et al present the block chaining as the “gaining traction” and one of
the predominant necessity in the today’s world. He also mentions that the utilization of the blockchain would
warranty a “reliable and a convenient services” [3], Singh et al, say that the trustworthiness and the reliability of the
blockchain technology has made it a back bone of the data sharing in the communications channels, enhancing the
accuracy and the trust in it [4] most of the applications are urged to adopt to the block technology as it improves the
privacy-preserving of the personal information’s [5] vitalik butterin defines the block chain technology as the “ the
magic computer that anyone can upload program to and leave it to self –execute , where the prevailing and the
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ISSN: 2582-337X (online)
Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01
Pages: 45-54
https://www.irojournals.com/jucct/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

previous state of the each program is openly observable and conveys a very strong crypto economically protected
assurance that the databases running on the chain will continue to fulfill in exactly the way the blockchain protocol
specifies”[7]. Remaining as a heart of the bit coin, and the other currencies that are virtual the block chain behaves
to be open and a distributed ledger that could enable the transactions between the two people to be permanently
recordable with the capability of being verified [8]. The fig.1 below shows the general block chain architecture used
in the transactions.

Fig .1 Processes Involved in Block Chain

So the block chain in simple can be referred as the time-stamped series of the unchangeable information managed by
a group of computers that are owned by multiple entities. Every block of data are protected and made inevitable
utilizing the cryptographic principles to ensure the safety of the information or the currency. The block chain
initially utilized only in the amount transactions is now utilized in the communication channels to improve the
reliability and the trust in the data sharing.

So the paper proposes the reliable and a trust worthy data sharing in the huge set of data generated from the
judiciary, military, legislature, commercial code registries etc. utilizing the block chain and the RSA Digital
signature , for securing the data transmission form the misuse and the hacks.

The paper is at the rest is organized with the related work in the section 2, proposed work in the section 3, result
evaluation in the section 4 and conclusion in the section 5.

2. RELATED WORKS

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ISSN: 2582-337X (online)
Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01
Pages: 45-54
https://www.irojournals.com/jucct/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

Ji,et al [1] the paper presenting the comprehensive study of the issues in the protection of the private information’s
such as the bank transactions handled, voting systems, the IOT, systems that are intelligent and in the sharing of
personal information’s and summarizes the technologies bas d on the block chain for the privacy protection. Sang-
Oun et al [2], the author discusses the privacy issues in the connected vehicles and the presents the review of the
block chain based privacy protection. Joshi et al [3], paper details the technical aspect sand the applications of the
blockchain as the comprehensive survey. Singh et al [4], discusses the block chain as the trustable and reliable
technology for the sharing of data among the intelligent vehicle. Zhang et al [5] proposes a dual block chain system
based on the privacy and the consortium in the sharing of the e-health information’s , Casino et al [6], the systematic
literature review based on the block chain applications is presented in the paper with the short coming s and the
limitations of the block chain technology. Pilkington et al [7], the author elaborates the core concepts, the principles
and the cutting edge applications that rely on the block chain technology for the reliability, security and privacy.
Iansiti et al [8], the author proposes the truth in the block chain technology improving the economic and the social
systems. Xu et al [9] presents the taxonomy of the block chain technology. Zheng et al [10], presents the challenges
in the block chain in terms of the scalability and the storage Lin et al [11], the proposal explains the authentication in
the block chain using the ID- based linearly Homomorphic signature strategy. Xu, et al [12] the biometric block
chain for data sharing in the intelligent vehicle is proffered in the paper to build trust and the reliability in the peer to
peer networks. Smys et al [13] details the cryptography based architecture for the peer-peer networks.

3. BLOCK CHAIN POTENTIALS

The block chain technology that is seated at the head of the internet is the peer –peer network .This block chain
could be termed as the foundational technology, leading to the revolution of the business and the government. It is
capable of developing a new foundation for the economic and the social systems. The world with the block chain
could be envisioned as embedded into a digital code with transparency to all but with the security from damaging,
removal and modification. The massive capability of the block chain technology has made it possible to retaining a
digital record of the each movement of the each and every agreement that is made the transaction that has taken
place and the every work that is done with a signature in order to identify, store, validate and share. The block chain
technology ensures the communication at ease between the organizations, machines, individuals and the protocols
with minute chafing eluding the mediators such as the lawyers, bankers and the brokers[8]. The reason behind the
attractive ness towards the block chain is making the files hard to replicate, with damage proof and modification.
The features that make them more prominent are listed as follows.

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ISSN: 2582-337X (online)
Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01
Pages: 45-54
https://www.irojournals.com/jucct/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

Transparency: Block chain enables to view all the data that is entered into it
Decentralization: The data and the nodes processing the data in the block chain belongs to multiple entities
Immutability: Restricts the tampering of the data using the hash functions.

3.1. RSA DIGITAL SIGNATURE

The RSA (Rivest, Shamir, and Adelman) digital signature could be utilized in constructing a digital signature
strategy applying a public verification (V) key and a private signing (S) key. This could be represented using the
equation (1)

𝑆(𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝐾𝑒𝑦) = 𝑅𝑆𝐴 (𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝐾𝑒𝑦) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉(𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑆, 𝐾𝑒𝑦) = 𝑅𝑆𝐴 (𝑆, 𝐾) == 𝑚𝑒𝑠 (1)

The message (𝑚𝑒𝑠) to be transmitted is signed applying a RSA with the private key (𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑘𝑒𝑦 ) and further sealed
using the public key (𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝐾𝑒𝑦 ) and enumerates whether the results exact the message that is expected. This
method could at certain times result with the lengthier keys. This problem could be solved utilizing the
cryptographic hashes as shown in the equation (2)

𝑆(𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑘𝑒𝑦) = 𝑅𝑆𝐴(ℎ𝑎𝑠ℎ(𝑚𝑒𝑠), 𝑘𝑒𝑦)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑉(𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑆, 𝑘𝑒𝑦) = 𝑅𝑆𝐴(𝑆, 𝑘𝑒𝑦) = ℎ𝑎𝑠ℎ(𝑚𝑒𝑠) (2)

The general RSA digital signature Scheme is as shown in the equation (3)

𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡(𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑘𝑒𝑦) = 𝑅𝑆𝐴(𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑘𝑒𝑦)

𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡(ℎ𝑎𝑠ℎ, 𝑘𝑒𝑦) = 𝑅𝑆𝐴 (ℎ𝑎𝑠ℎ, 𝑘𝑒𝑦)
(3)
𝑆(𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑘𝑒𝑦) = 𝑅𝑆𝐴(𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑘𝑒𝑦)
𝑉(𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑆, 𝑘𝑒𝑦) = 𝑅𝑆𝐴(𝑆, 𝑘𝑒𝑦) = 𝑚

In case of the real world application, the signing does the hash function and the decryption does the post-processing,
in case of the signature the hash function is applied initially followed by the RSA function, and in case of the
decryption. The RSA function is initially applied followed by the post processing. The RSA signing resemble the

48
ISSN: 2582-337X (online)
Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01
Pages: 45-54
https://www.irojournals.com/jucct/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

RSA decryption as they include RSA with the private key and the RSA verification resemble the RSA encryption as
they include the RSA function with the public key.

3.2. THE BLOCK CHAIN AND THE RSA DIGITAL SIGNATURE IN DATA SHARING

The proposed method aiming to reduce the misuse and the hacks in the data sharing of the information’s among a
huge set of data produced from the judiciary, security, legislature, commercial code registries etc. puts forward the
blockchain with the RSA digital signature to enhance the confidentiality along with the integrity and the
authentication in the sharing of the information’s. The block without the digital signature ensures the confidentiality
of the messages but not the authentication as shown in the fig. 2 consider a person a sending a message to person b,
using the block chain the data is hashed and send to the receiver sealing with the private key of the A and in the
receiver side apart from B, other members such as the C and D could also view the message as all would have the
public key of the A, this is represented in the fig.2

Fig.2 Block chain with Cryptography

Instead the Block Chain with the digital signature would ensure the authentication of the messages transmitted to the
communication channel as the message send by the a would be encrypted initially using the private key of the A and
once again encrypted utilizing the public key of the B now the information is transmitted and in the receiver side the
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ISSN: 2582-337X (online)
Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01
Pages: 45-54
https://www.irojournals.com/jucct/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

B decrypts the message using its private key and once again decrypts using the public key of the A. thus ensuring
the confidentiality and the authentication in the message transmitted. The fig .3 below shows the Block Chain with
the digital signature. The proposed method utilizing the block chain with the RSA digital signature and the
cryptography hashes ensures the data sharing of the judiciary, security, and legislature, commercial code registries in
a secured way preserving the confidentiality of the data and with the assurance of transmitting the data to the
authorized persons. The fig.3 below shows the Bock chain with the RSA digital signature.

Fig.3 Block Chain with RSA Digital Signature

The algorithm shown below explains the steps in the proposed method of data sharing preserving the confidentiality
and ensuring authentication utilizing the block chain with the RSA Digital Signature. The fig.4 below shows the
algorithm of the proposed method using the Rivest, Shamir, and Adelman digital signature to ensure the message is
decoded at the appropriate receiver end.

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ISSN: 2582-337X (online)
Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01
Pages: 45-54
https://www.irojournals.com/jucct/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

Fig .4 RSA Digital Signatures for Confidential and Authenticated Data Sharing

The method describing the block chain with the RSA digital signature enables the data sharing in the judiciary,
military and the legislature to be confidential and authenticated retaining the integrity of the messages. The RSA
digital signature applied with the hashed cryptographies enables to have a precise size of the information to be
transmitted eluding the lengthier data transmission.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Block Chain with the RSA digital signature is validated to evince its performance using the java programming
version. The proffered method utilizing the digital signature along with the RSA enables the confidentiality and the
authentication for the users. The evaluation of the proffered method done to ensure the performance enhancement in
terms of the average cost, time along with security provisioning that enhances the confidentiality and the

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ISSN: 2582-337X (online)
Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01
Pages: 45-54
https://www.irojournals.com/jucct/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

authentication in the communication channels. The table.1below shows the average time and the cost of the
transmission of the messages using the proposed method for the message of varying sizes. Comparison of the results
with the block chain without digital signature shown in the table ensures that the proffered method is has an
enhanced performance in terms of the time and cost.

Packet size (bytes) Average Time(ms) Average Cost%

Block Block Block Block
Chain with Chain Chain with Chain
RSA-DS Without RSA-DS Without
RSA-DS RSA-DS

512 18.022 20.345 45 48

1024 18.213 21.320 52 57

5120 18.524 22.089 54 59

10240 18.552 22.554 56 62

Table.1 Comparison of Time and the Cost of Transmission

The fig.5 below shows the security provisioned by the block chain with the digital signature method, and the block
chain without the digital signature, the results acquired shows that the proposed method has a highest security
provisioning compared to the block chain without the digital signature.

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Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 01
Pages: 45-54
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

Fig. 5 Security Provision in Data Sharing

5. CONCLUSION

The proposed method utilizing the block chain with the digital signature ensures effective data transmission with
confidentiality and authentication. By engaging the RSA digital signature with the block chain, a dual encryption
method is followed using the private key of the sender and the public key of the receiver, thus allowing only the
authorized receiver to access the information. The performance evaluation of the proffered method evinces its
performance enhancements in terms of the time, cost and the security provisioning provided with better
confidentiality and authentication eluding the unauthorized access causing the misuse and hacks.

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Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies (UCCT) (2019)
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Pages: 45-54
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2019.1.005

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