Questions 11-17

Turning up the Heat in the Greenhouse

For a country that produces more than 20 percent of the planet’s greenhouse gases, the
United States (11)………E……… But in a report a National Academy of Sciences panel
warned that using the atmosphere as an industrial sewer could send temperatures soaring
2 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit in the near future – and called for measures that would (12)
……B………… Says that Yale university economist and panel member William
Nordhaus, ‘It is worth making modest investments today to slow climate change and
prepare for it’.
How? The panel recommended phasing out chlorofluorcarbons, (13)……C…………
Next comes energy efficiency. Replacing standard light bulbs with compact fluorescents
that are more efficient and raising miles-per-gallon standards for new cars would more
than pay for themselves – and cut the use of fuels that emit greenhouse gases. It urged
lawmakers to raise energy prices, impose more efficient building codes, increase support
for mass transit and (14)……………… And it called on Americans to prepare for the
side effects of a changing climate, for example by reducing the amount of wasted water,
(15)……I………… .
While they applauded the report, the environmentalists worried that its recommendations
would meet with stiff resistance from the White House. Moreover, many scientists
continue to doubt that global temperatures are rising at alarming rates- (16)………
F……… Panel Member Jessica Tuchman Mathews, vice president of the World
Resources Institute, concedes that the science of measuring climate changes (17)………
G……… .'But when there’s the potential for irreversible consequences,’ she says, ‘we
have to act.’ The question is whether the findings will be acted on, or just add to the hot
air.
Seven phrases have been left out. Decide which phrase from the list A-I below should go
in each gap and write the letter in the space provided. Note that there are more phrases
than gaps.
A. boost efficiency standards for electrical appliances.
B. reduces temperature by a similar amount.
C. the chemicals that both destroy the ozone layer and heat the atmosphere.
D. or even that the earth is warming at all.
E. has been slow to do much about global warming.
F. a major cause of the rise in sea-level.
G. is imprecise
H. cut greenhouse emissions 10 to 40 percent with minimal cost to the economy.
I. which could become scarcer in the years ahead

Questions 18-25
You are going to read a magazine article. Eight sentences have been removed from the article.
Choose from the sentences A-I the one which fits each gap (19-25). There is one extra sentence
which you do not need to use. There is one example at the beginning (18).

On Camera
When I saw the notice “women film extras wanted” in a local newspaper, I jumped at the
chance. As a child I had dreamed of being a film star. (18)….I…..
The casting interview, held in a church hall with many budding actors in attendance, went
well, and two days later I was told that I had been chosen. The production in question was
revealed as Scottish Television’s Dr Finlay drama, which is set in the 1950s.
(19)..…C… . Extras are often left in the dark for some time when it comes to being told
which role they will play. Finally, the nature of my role was revealed; I was asked to play
a mental hospital patient.
(20)..…D… .Then, barely a week later, the day of filming dawned. All 13 of us extras,
mainly housewives, were told to change into our costumes in the wardrobe department.
Then we were driven to the location, a hospital on the fringes of Glasgow. It seems that it
is common for old hospitals to be used in this way.
On arriving, we were given coffee and tea, which looked and tasted like cement. Then we
were rushed off to make-up. My hair was pinned back and make-up was applied that gave
me a pale appearance. Then we were sent to the minibus for a few hours, as the cameras
rolled elsewhere.
After the second hour had passed, I was becoming bored. (21).G…. I had expected to be so busy
that I hadn’t come prepared for a long wait. Many of the other had brought a book or knitting.
Three hours had now passed. (22)..H… . A large room in the hospital had been transformed into
a dayroom for that purpose. Although I had expected the room to be warm because of the
lighting equipment present, it was quite chilly.
When the director came in, we were instructed what to do and where to stand. Along with a few
others, I was told to sit at a table and weave baskets (ĐAN GIỎ). (23)..A.. .The cane we had to
use was very long. On several occasions my basket fell apart in front of my very eyes. On
other I only succeeded in hitting the cameraman in the eye.
(24)..…B… . Jean, who was barefoot, had to circle the floor. Poor Alice was asked to pretend to
bang her head against the wall. Meanwhile, Veronica swept the floor.
Thankfully, after just a few attempts, the scenes were done. (25)..E…… . Although I found the
experience very interesting, my first screen role will almost certainly be my last.
A. This is not an easy task.
B. Life for the other extras was far from easy.
C. So some things just aren’t meant to happen, I suppose.
D. Despite my disappointment, I agreed to participate.
E. And so my first taste of this ‘glamorous’ career was over.
F. I was to lose some of my enthusiasm for the idea, however.
G. I bet stars are never treated like this, I thought.
H. Then at last we were called to do our scenes.
I. Now at last I would get my chance.

Questions 26-32
Read the magazine article giving advice to teenagers about part-time jobs. Seven
sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one
which fits each gap (27-33). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

A. This, however, depends on your having the appropriate qualifications.

B. You might not even be able to find a job in an area that you enjoy.
C. Indoor house painting is another option.
D. In return, you can learn an amazing amount about the business.
E. Try as many positions as possible and ask lots of questions about cash flow, staffing,
etc.
F. You won’t earn any money, but you can gain valuable experience.
G. This is a question which is best answered by doing a market survey.
H. There are several things you can do to make your services more valuable.

Part-Time Jobs for Teenagers

As a teenager, you are likely to have both a fair amount of spare time and a desire to earn
some money. By working to earn money yourself, you can learn a lot about the value of
things as well as the world of business. Typical and obvious jobs for teenagers include
working at a fast-food restaurant, working as a shop assistant or stacking shelves at a
supermarket.

What you get out of a job like this depends on your attitude. If your attitude is ‘I hate this
job’ then obviously you won’t benefit much from it; if, on the other hand, you look at it as
an opportunity to learn how a business works from the inside out, then the benefits can be
great. Many of the new generation of millionaires, for example, are owners of franchise and
private restaurants. Owing a restaurant is not easy, however, and it requires knowledge and
skills to be successful, so start gathering these as a teenager. (26)…D…. Applying this
attitude to any job you have will really pay off; you will learn a huge amount.
For many teenagers, there are a variety of problems associated with getting a job. You
may not be old enough or you may lack reliable transportation. You may not have enough
total time available or a regular enough schedule for someone to be willing to hire you.
(27)……B … . If any of these problems holds true for you, then working for yourself on
a part-time basic may be the best way to go.

Babysitting is a tried and tested way for responsible teenagers who like being with kids to
make money. (28)……A … . For example, think about taking a first-aid course so that
you know how to handle emergencies. Secondly, you might want to consider teaming-up
with some like-minded friends. That way your group will be able to say yes more often,
increasing the amount of work you’re offered.

If babysitting doesn’t appeal to you, then you might want to consider garden care. During
the summer you mow lawns, trim hedges and so on, in the autumn you rake leaves and in
the winter you shovel snow! (29)…H … . Before undertaking this, you need to make sure
you know what you are doing by working with someone with experience and practicing
at home (but get your parents’ permission first!) Other activities include providing in-
home pet care when owners are on holiday; errand-running for busy people; washing cars
for neighbors or teaching people how to use computers or the internet.

One question you will have as soon as you choose an activity is ‘How much should I
charge?’ (30)…G... You’ll need to call around and ask potential customers what they are
used to paying and/or willing to pay, or ask your friends what they charge for similar
activities. In the case of an activity like car-washing, you could also call garages in your
area and ask what they charge.

Another way of gaining experience is to offer your services to a small business. Although
it may not be obvious to you, every community has thousands of small firms which do all
sorts of things: printing, plumbing, computer programming, advertising and so on. Many
of these could really benefit from a part-time helper who is reliable and mature. (31)… .
You will be surprised at how quickly you become a valued part of the team.

Volunteer positions are another option. You can volunteer your services at hospitals,
oldpeople’s home, and most charitable organizations or political groups. (32)…F … .
This will benefit you in the future, as colleges and universities will be impressed by any
voluntary work you have done.