Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. (2016).
3(4): 1-7
International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR)
ISSN: 2393-8870
www.ijarm.com
Volume 3, Issue 4 -2016
Research Article SOI: http://s-o-i.org/1.15/ijarm-2016-3-4-1
Comparative efficacy of different high yielding wheat varieties in
ecological zone of Bahawalnagar.
Laila Khalid1*, Mueen-u-Din2, Masood Qadir Waqar3 and Muhammad Anjum Ali4
1
Research Officer, Bahawalnagar
2
Senior Subject Matter Specialist (Agronomy), Department of Adaptive Research Farm, Vehari
3
Director, Adaptive Research, Punjab, Lahore
4
Director, General of Agriculture (Ext. & AR), Punjab Lahore.
*Corresponding Author
Abstract
Keywords
A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons 2013-14 and 2014-15 at farmer’s
Pass Transistor, field of Adaptive Research Station Bahawalnagar. Six wheat varieties i.e Aari-2011,
three-dimensional Punjab-2011, Lasani-2008, Faisalabad-2008, Millat-2011 and Aas-2011 were evaluated in a
integrated circuit (3D three replicated RCBD method. Results revealed that all the yield and yield parameters were
significantly affected by the performance of each wheat variety. The average of two years
IC), differential signal result revealed that significant maximum plant population i.e 202, tillers 345.9, height
transmission. 100.2, 1000 grain weight 39.5 and grain yield of 3790.5 kg ha -1 was obtained by the wheat
variety Aari-2011 with % increase 14.1 than all other wheat varieties. Punjab-2011 and
Faisalabad-2008 also performs better with a yield of 3694.5 and 3643.0 kg ha-1 and %
increase of 11.2 and 9.6.
Introduction
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a vital role in fertile tillers m-2, spike length, number of grains per
Pakistan economy and cultivated for food and feed. In spike, grain and straw yield (Naeem, 2001; Ali et al.
Pakistan, it is grown on large area owing to number of 2010). All plants needed the same mineral elements;
manageable problems, per hectare yield is far below however, the quantity, rate and timing of uptake vary
than the inherent potential of wheat varieties sown in with crop, variety, climate, soil characteristics and
Pakistan. Among the constraints, sowing of the crop at management. Plants require a balanced supply of
sub optimal time is of great importance because it does nutrients throughout their development. Mostly they
not ensure favorable environmental conditions and have accumulated most of their nutrients during
proper duration for growth (Iqbal et al. 2001). Many flowering and ripening stages. Approximately 50 to 90
factors responsible for low yield of wheat such as percent of N and P in the plant at flowering moves from
cultivation of old varieties, sowing date, low seed rate, the leaves and stem to the developing seed (Chapin, et
low fertilizer rates etc. The introduction of new varieties al. 1988).The environment under which crop is grown
with high yield potential and wide range of adaptability create a tremendous impact on the growth, development
is an important factor responsible for enhancing wheat and yielding ability of wheat crop. The crop needs
production. Different varieties respond differently to optimum conditions during its growth and development
applied nutrient fertilizer and hence differ in their yield to attain good yield. Research has established that every
potential. As cultivars differ significantly regarding wheat cultivar has its own definite requirements of
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Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. (2016). 3(4): 1-7
temperature and light for growth, flowering and finally Bahawalnagar is located in the southern side of District
the production of grains (Haider, 2007; Aslani and Pakpattan. Climate of the District is mainly arid in the
Mehrvar, 2012). A serious decline in grain yield of south Western Part. Average annual rain ranges from
wheat due to delay in sowing is reported by a number of 130 mm to 275 mm. Average day time temperatures
researchers (Kumar et al. 2000; Subhan et al. 2004; Sial during Rabi growing season (November to March) is
et al. 2005). Sowing at improper time not only affects 20°C while night time temperature is 12°C. Relative
wheat germination and growth but also disturbs grain humidity during this period ranged from 80-90%. The
development (Haq & Khan, 2002). The optimum time of soil of the District Bahawalnagar is mainly formed by
sowing of wheat varies with agro ecological locations. alluvial sediments. Keeping in view the importance of
For instance, it was noted that grain yield of three long wheat crop, the present study was conducted to compare
duration wheat varieties was improved when sowing different wheat varieties and to see which variety of
date was advanced from November 15 to October 25 wheat performs better in grain yield production under
(Randhawa et al. 1981). Proper amount and time of the ecological zone of Bahawalnagar.
fertilizer application is considered a key to the bumper
crop. Time of fertilizer application can affect the Materials and Methods
Nitrogen utilization efficiency by cereals (Ragheb et al.
1993). Late sowing and sub optimum temperature at The experiment was conducted at farmer’s field of
sowing affects uniform stand establishment of wheat Adaptive Research Station Bahawalnagar during two
crop which results in yield reduction (Farooq et al. 2008, consecutive years 2013-14 and 2014-15. The objective
Tanweer et al. 2009; Khokhar et al. 2010 and Ali et al. of this study was to check the efficacy of different wheat
2010) reported that significantly higher wheat grain varieties under the ecological zone of Bahawalnagar.
yield was obtained by sowing at November 10 followed The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete
by same variety sown on November 20. Donaldson et Block design (RCBD) with three replications. Six wheat
al. (2001) reported that early sowing resulted in varieties i.e Aari-2011, Punjab-2011, Lasani-2008,
increased wheat straw production and generally higher Faisalabad-2008, Millat-2011 and Aas-2011 as mention
grain yield compared with mid to late sowing date. in table 1 were checked out for yield and yield
Kumar et al. (2000) also reported that wheat growth was parameters case. Recommended seed rate of each wheat
better when sown on 20th November than on 1st variety was used. The previous crop was cotton in this
November or December. The improvement of 35-50% field which was sown on 2nd fortnight of May. Cotton
in wheat has been achieved by the introduction of newly picking was done from the month of October to
high yielding cultivars (Whiteman, 1985). The problems December. All the wheat varieties were sown on same
like leaf and yellow rusts which cause considerable time in the 2nd week of November. The fertilizer
economic losses to wheat. Wheat Research Institute has application to wheat varieties and all other agronomic
released many varieties i.e. Seher-2006, Faisalabad- practices were same during both years. Weedicides were
2006, AaS-2002 and Faisalabad 2008 which are not only used for the control of narrow and broad leaved weeds
disease resistant but also high yielding and has during mid January and February. Harvesting was done
successfully faced the existing threats to meet the during 1st week of May.
national wheat requirements (Hussain et al. 2009 Khan
and Hussain 2006 and M. Hussain 2008). Wheat variety Following growth and yield parameters were
having the higher yield potential, disease and insect recorded.
resistance and better adaptability is the need of the day
because low seed yield is also attributed to non 1. Germination count/m2
availability of pure seed of improved varieties along 2. Tillers/m2
with low inputs and poor management practices (Ahmad 3. Plant height (cm)
et al. 2005, Sarwar & Ahmad 2003 and Bakhsh et al. 4. 1000 grain weight(g)
2005) also reported that the yield per unit area may be 5. Yield kg/ha
increased substantially through the evolution of high
yielding genotypes, bearing a good combination of all Data were analyzed statistically with M-stat package and
yield components and disease resistance. The average means were compared by DMR test at 5 percent
yield of wheat in Pakistan is comparatively low than the probability level (Duncan, 1955).
developed and developing countries of the world, due to
certain biotic and abiotic factors faced during the whole
crop growth period (Anonymous, 2013).
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Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. (2016). 3(4): 1-7
Table 1- Different seeding techniques of wheat in standing cotton as relay cropping system.
Treatments Wheat Varieties
T1 Aari-2011
T2 Punjab-2011
T3 Lasani-2008
T4 Faisalabad-2008
T5 Millat-2011
T6 Aas-2011
Results and Discussion and Aas-11 was 358.4, 340.2, 332.4, 338.7, 322.2 and
318.6 respectively. The maximum tillers m-2 was
Germination count (m-2) observed as 358.4 m-2 for Aari-11 wheat variety and
minimum as318.6 m-2 in case of wheat variety Aas-11.
Data concerning germination counts m-2 is shown in During the year (2014-15) average tillers m-2 observed
Table 1. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that from different wheat varieties such as Aari-11,
the different wheat varieties shows significant results Punjab-11, Lasani-08, Fsd-08, Millat-11 and Aas-11
on germination counts for the growing seasons. were 333.5, 326.2, 325.1, 328.6, 322.4 and 317.5 m-
2
Average values for germination counts m-2 of different respectively. The maximum tillers m-2 was observed
wheat varieties ranged from 164 to 222 m-2. During as 333.5 tillers m-2 for Aari-11 wheat variety and
the year (2013-14) average germination counts m- minimum as 317.5 tillers m-2 in case of wheat variety
2
observed from different wheat varieties such as Aari- Aas-11.
11, Punjab-11, Lasani-08, Fsd-08, Millat-11 and Aas-
11 was 222, 215, 207, 210, 205 and 203 m-2 Plant height (cm)
respectively. The maximum germination counts m-
2
was observed as 222 m-2 for Aari-11 wheat variety Data concerning plant height is shown in Table 1.
and minimum as 203 m-2 in case of wheat variety Aas- Statistical analysis of the data showed that plant height
11. During the year (2014-15) average germination has non-significantly (P < 0.05) affect by the different
counts m-2 observed from different wheat varieties wheat varieties. Average values for plant height of
such as Aari-11, Punjab-11, Lasani-08, Fsd-08, Millat- different wheat varieties ranged from 87.6 to 112.5
11 and Aas-11 were 182, 176, 170, 179, 173 and 164 cm. During the year (2013-14) average plant height
m-2 respectively. The maximum germination counts observed from different wheat varieties such as Aari-
m-2 was observed as 182 m-2 for Aari-11 wheat variety 11, Punjab-11, Lasani-08, Fsd-08, Millat-11 and Aas-
and minimum as 164 m-2 in case of wheat variety Aas- 11 was 105.2, 103.4, 102.6, 106.1, 101.3 and 112.5 cm
11. An adequate moisture supply was continued for respectively. The maximum plant height was
facilitating seed germination and seedling observed as 112.5 cm for Aas-11 wheat variety and
establishment (Zhang, 2007). The variation among minimum as 101.3cm in case of wheat variety Millat-
wheat varieties for the germination counts m-2 due to 11. During the year (2014-15) average plant height
many biotic, abiotic and other varietal characters. observed from different wheat varieties such as Aari-
Sorour et al. (1995) reported significant differences in 11, Punjab-11, Lasani-08, Fsd-08, Millat-11 and Aas-
the emergence.m-2 of wheat seeds. 11 was 95.3, 89.5, 90.7, 93.9, 87.6 and 99.3 cm
respectively. The maximum plant height was
Number of tiller (m-2) observed as 99.3 cm for Aas-11 wheat variety and
minimum as 87.6 cm in case of wheat variety Millat-
Different wheat varieties have a significant effect on 11. The possible reason for this variation could be the
tillering counts m-2. Data regarding number of tillers availability of more space, light and nutrients to wheat
m-2 is presented in table 1. Average values for tillers plants and water applied. The results are similar with
m-2 of different wheat varieties ranged from 317.5 to Javadi et al. (2004) that reported that there was no
358.4 tillers m-2. During the year (2013-14) average significant difference in plant height among the wheat
tillers m-2 observed from different wheat varieties such varieties.
as Aari-11, Punjab-11, Lasani-08, Fsd-08, Millat-11
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Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. (2016). 3(4): 1-7
1000-grain weight (g) Grain yield (kg ha-1)
Data recorded on thousand-grain weight is shown in Data recorded on grain yield kg ha-1 is shown in Table
Table 1 for the two growing seasons. Analysis of the 1 for the two growing seasons. Analysis of the data
data revealed that 1000-grain weight has a revealed that grain yield kg ha-1 has a significantly
significantly (P<0.05) affect on all wheat varieties. (P<0.05) affect on all wheat varieties. Average values
Average values for 1000 grain weight (g) of different for grain yield kg ha-1 of different wheat varieties
wheat varieties ranged from 33 to 42 (g). During the ranged from 3096 to 4243 kg ha-1. During the year
year (2013-14) average 1000 grain weight (g) (2013-14) grain yield kg ha-1 observed from different
observed from different wheat varieties such as Aari- wheat varieties such as Aari-11, Punjab-11, Lasani-08,
11, Punjab-11, Lasani-08, Fsd-08, Millat-11 and Aas- Fsd-08, Millat-11 and Aas-11 was 4243, 4102, 3849,
11 was 40, 42, 38, 42, 36 and 37 respectively. The 4057, 3761 and 3547 kg ha-1 respectively. The
maximum grain weight (g) was observed as 42 (g) for maximum grain yield kg ha-1 was observed as 4243 for
Punjab-11 and Fsd-08 wheat varieties and minimum as Aari-11 and 4102 kg ha-1 for Punjab-11 wheat
36 (g) in case of wheat variety Millat-11. During the varieties and minimum as 3547 kg ha-1 in case of
year (2014-15) average 1000 grain weight (g) wheat variety Aas-11 during the year2013-14. During
observed from different wheat varieties such as Aari- the year (2014-15) average grain yield kg ha-1
11, Punjab-11, Lasani-08, Fsd-08, Millat-11 and Aas- observed from different wheat varieties such as Aari-
11 was 39, 40, 38, 39, 36 and 33 respectively. The 11, Punjab-11, Lasani-08, Fsd-08, Millat-11 and Aas-
maximum 1000 grain weight (g) was observed as 40 11 was 3338, 3287, 3234, 3229, 3154 and 3096 kg ha -
1
(g) for Punjab-11 wheat variety and minimum as 33 respectively. The maximum grain yield kg ha-1 was
(g) in case of wheat variety Aas-11. observed as 3338 kg ha-1 for Aari-11 wheat variety
and minimum as 3096 kg ha-1 in case of wheat variety
Aas-11 during the year 2014-15
Table 1: The efficacy of different Wheat varieties on grain yield and yield components during Rabi season
2013-14 and 2014-15.
Average Average Average Average
Avg. Tiller
Year Treatments germination plant height 1000-grain grain yield
counts (m-2)
counts (m-2) (cm) weight (g) (kg/ ha)
T1 222a 358.4a 105.2 40b 4243a
T2 215b 340.2b 103.4 42a 4102ab
2013-14 T3 207cd 332.4c 102.6 38c 3849d
T4 210c 338.7b 106.1 42a 4057c
T5 205cd 322.2d 101.3 36d 3761de
T6 202de 318.6d 112.5 37d 3547f
Non-
LSD 4.10 7.021 1.209 14.89
significant
T1 182a 333.5a 95.3 39ab 3338a
T2 176cb 326.2bc 89.5 40a 3287b
2014-15 T3 170cd 325.1bc 90.7 38b 3234c
T4 179ab 328.6b 93.9 39ab 3229cd
T5 173c 322.4d 87.6 36c 3154e
T6 164d 317.5e 99.3 33d 3096f
Non-
LSD 5.02 4.210 1.421 7.905
significant
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Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. (2016). 3(4): 1-7
Table 2: Average values of all parameters from 2013-2015
Average Average 1000- Average
Avg. Tiller Average plant
Treatments germination grain weight grain yield
counts (m-2) height (cm)
counts (m-2) (g) (kg/ ha)
T1 202 345.9 100.2 39.5 3790.5
T2 195.5 333.2 96.40 41.0 3694.5
T3 188.5 328.7 96.60 38.0 3541.5
T4 194.5 333.6 100.0 40.5 3643.0
T5 189.0 322.3 94.40 36.0 3457.5
T6 183.0 318.3 105.9 35.0 3321.5
Table.2 shows the average values of all yield wheat variety performs better and produced highest
parameters during both years. In which all the wheat germination counts m-2 (202), tillers m-2 (345.9), plant
varieties produced better yield, while in case of height cm (100.2), 1000 grain weight g (39.5) and
comparison in most of the yield parameters Aari-11 grain yield kg ha-1 (3790.5).
Table 3: Percentage increase in wheat yield (kg/ha) of Different Wheat varieties for the
year 2013-14 and 2014-15
Combined Avg. yield of 2013-14 and Percentage increase in wheat
Treatments 2014-15 (kg/ha) yield (%)
Aari-11 3790.5 14.1
Punjab-11 3694.5 11.2
08 -Lasani 3541.5 6.6
Fsd-08 3643.0 9.6
Millat-11 3457.5 4.0
Aas-11 3321.5 -
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Laila Khalid, Mueen-u-Din, Masood Qadir Waqar and Muhammad Anjum Ali. (2016). Comparative efficacy
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