DOE/EIA‐0035(2021/11) 

 
 
 
 
 
 

November 2021
Monthly Energy Review

www.eia.gov/mer
Monthly Energy Review
The Monthly Energy Review (MER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) primary report of recent and 
historical energy statistics. Included are statistics on total energy production, consumption, stocks, trade, and energy 
prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, and renewable energy; carbon dioxide 
emissions; and data unit conversions. 
 
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Organization Act), which states, in part, in Section 205(a)(2): 

“The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and 
information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information…” 

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public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding MER content and other EIA publications. 

Related monthly publications: Other monthly EIA reports are Petroleum Supply Monthly, Petroleum Marketing 
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Important notes about the data 
Data displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, annual data are usually displayed only in 5‐year increments between 1950 
and 2000 in the tables in Portable Document Format (PDF) files; however, all annual data are shown in the Excel files, 
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Comprehensive changes: Each month, most MER tables and figures present data for a new month. These data are 
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later that year after final data are published from sources, according to source data revision policies and publication 
schedules. In addition, EIA may revise historical data when a major revision in a source publication is needed, when new 
data sources become available, or when estimation methodologies are improved. A record of current and historical 
changes to MER data is available at https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/whatsnew.php.  
 
Annual data from 1949: In 2013, EIA expanded the MER to incorporate annual data as far back as 1949 in those data 
tables that were previously published in both the Annual Energy Review and MER. 

Electronic access 
The MER is available on EIA’s website in various formats at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly.  
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Timing of release: The MER is posted at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly  no later than the last work day 
of the month. 

 
 
Released:  November 23, 2021
 DOE/EIA-0035(2021/11)

Monthly Energy Review

November 2021

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Statistics
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the
U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA’s data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee
of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department
of Energy or other federal agencies.
 Contacts
The Monthly Energy Review is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Statistics, Office of
Energy Demand and Integrated Statistics, Integrated Statistics Team, under the direction of Ryan Repice, 202-586-5828
(ryan.repice@eia.gov). Questions and comments specifically related to the Monthly Energy Review may be addressed to
Alexander Sun, 202-287-5948 (alexander.sun@eia.gov).

For assistance in acquiring data, please contact EIA’s Office of Communications at 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov). Questions
about the collection, processing, or interpretation of the information may be directed to the following subject specialists:

Section 1. Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn 202-586-2792

dianne.dunn@eia.gov
Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn 202-586-2792
dianne.dunn@eia.gov
Section 3. Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Javed Zaidi 202-586-1155
javed.zaidi@doe.gov
Section 4. Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael Kopalek 202-586-4001
michael.kopalek@eia.gov
Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development . . . Gary Long 202-586-3467
gary.long@eia.gov
Section 6. Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rosalyn Berry 202-586-6393
rosalyn.berry@eia.gov
Section 7. Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Glenn McGrath 202-586-4325
glenn.mcgrath@eia.gov
Section 8. Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tim Shear 202-586-0403
tim.shear@eia.gov
Section 9. Energy Prices
Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maureen Klein 202-586-8013
maureen.klein@eia.gov
Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael Kopalek 202-586-4001
michael.kopalek@eia.gov
Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Wong 202-586-7574
peter.wong@eia.gov
Cost of Fuel at Electric Generating Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Eric Harrison 202-586-1158
eric.harrison@eia.gov
Section 10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lolita Jamison 202-586-9567
lolita.jamison@eia.gov
Section 11. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perry Lindstrom 202-586-0934
perry.lindstrom@eia.gov

U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
ii
 Contents
Page

Section 1. Energy Overview ...........................................................................................1

Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector ...................................................................35
Section 3. Petroleum.....................................................................................................57
Section 4. Natural Gas ..................................................................................................99
Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development ..................................109
Section 6. Coal ...........................................................................................................115
Section 7. Electricity ..................................................................................................125
Section 8. Nuclear Energy ..........................................................................................149
Section 9. Energy Prices .............................................................................................155
Section 10. Renewable Energy .....................................................................................175
Section 11. Environment ..............................................................................................199
Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors ..................................................213
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other
Physical Conversion Factors......................................................................229
Appendix C. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output ...........233
Appendix D. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States,
Selected Years, 1635–1945 .......................................................................235
Appendix E. Alternative Approaches for Deriving Energy Contents of
Noncombustible Renewables.....................................................................239

Glossary.........................................................................................................................................245

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
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Tables
Page
Section 1. Energy Overview
1.1 Primary Energy Overview ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source ..................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source ................................................................................................. 7
1.4a Primary Energy Imports by Source Overview…………………………………………………………...9
1.4b Primary Energy Exports by Source ........................................................................................................ 11
1.4c Primary Energy Net Imports by Source ................................................................................................. 13
1.5 Merchandise Trade Value ...................................................................................................................... 15
1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982–1984) Dollars ...................................................................... 17
1.7 Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Indicators ........ 19
1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy ........................................................... 21
1.9 Heating Degree Days by Census Division ............................................................................................. 22
1.10 Cooling Degree Days by Census Division ............................................................................................. 23
1.11a Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels in Physical Units ........................................................................ 24
1.11b Heat Content of Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels .......................................................................... 25

Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector.............................................................................................................. 37
2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption................................................................................................ 39
2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption .............................................................................................. 41
2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption .................................................................................................. 43
2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption .......................................................................................... 45
2.6 Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption .......................................................................................... 47
2.7 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years......................................................... 48
2.8 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years .......................................................... 49

Section 3. Petroleum
3.1 Petroleum Overview............................................................................................................................... 59
3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production ............................................................................ 61
3.3 Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview.................................................................................................................................. 63
3.3b Imports by Type....................................................................................................................... 65
3.3c Imports From OPEC Countries ................................................................................................ 66
3.3d Imports From Non-OPEC Countries........................................................................................ 67
3.3e Exports by Type ....................................................................................................................... 68
3.3f Exports by Country of Destination .......................................................................................... 69
3.4 Petroleum Stocks.................................................................................................................................... 71
3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type ................................................................................................... 73
3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type ......................................................................... 75
3.7 Petroleum Consumption
3.7a Residential and Commercial Sectors ....................................................................................... 77
3.7b Industrial Sector ....................................................................................................................... 78
3.7c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors .............................................................................. 79
3.8 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption
3.8a Residential and Commercial Sectors ....................................................................................... 82
3.8b Industrial Sector ....................................................................................................................... 83
3.8c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors .............................................................................. 84

Section 4. Natural Gas

4.1 Natural Gas Overview ............................................................................................................................ 101
4.2a Natural Gas Imports by Country ............................................................................................................ 102
4.2b Natural Gas Exports by Country ............................................................................................................ 103
4.3 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector ...................................................................................................... 104
4.4 Natural Gas in Underground Storage .................................................................................................. ...105

U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
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Page
Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development
5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements ............................................................... 111
5.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells ........................................................ 112

Section 6. Coal
6.1 Coal Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 117
6.2 Coal Consumption by Sector................................................................................................................ 118
6.3 Coal Stocks by Sector .......................................................................................................................... 119

Section 7. Electricity
7.1 Electricity Overview ............................................................................................................................ 127
7.2 Electricity Net Generation
7.2a Total (All Sectors) ................................................................................................................. 129
7.2b Electric Power Sector............................................................................................................. 130
7.2c Commercial and Industrial Sectors ........................................................................................ 131
7.3 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
7.3a Total (All Sectors) ................................................................................................................. 133
7.3b Electric Power Sector............................................................................................................. 134
7.3c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels) ............................................................. 135
7.4 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output
7.4a Total (All Sectors) ................................................................................................................. 137
7.4b Electric Power Sector............................................................................................................. 138
7.4c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels) ............................................................. 139
7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector ........................................................................ 141
7.6 Electricity End Use .............................................................................................................................. 143

Section 8. Nuclear Energy

8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview .................................................................................................................... 151
8.2 Uranium Overview ............................................................................................................................... 153

Section 9. Energy Prices

9.1 Crude Oil Price Summary .................................................................................................................... 157
9.2 F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries .............................................................. 158
9.3 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries ............................................................. 159
9.4 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices ............................................................... 160
9.5 Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil ...................................................................................................... 161
9.6 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale ................................................................................. 162
9.7 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users ............................................................................. 163
9.8 Average Retail Prices of Electricity ..................................................................................................... 165
9.9 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants .................................................................. 167
9.10 Natural Gas Prices ................................................................................................................................ 169

Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source ............................................................... 177
10.2 Renewable Energy Consumption
10.2a Residential and Commercial Sectors ..................................................................................... 178
10.2b Industrial and Transportation Sectors .................................................................................... 179
10.2c Electric Power Sector ............................................................................................................ 180
10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview ........................................................................................................................ 181
10.4a Biodiesel Overview .............................................................................................................................. 182
10.4b Renewable Diesel Fuel Overview......................................................................................................... 183
10.4c Other Biofuels Overview ...................................................................................................................... 184

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
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Page

10.4 Solar Energy Consumption .................................................................................................................. 185

10.5 Solar Electricity Net Generation .......................................................................................................... 186

Section 11. Environment

11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source ..................................................... 201
11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector ...................................... 203
11.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector .................................... 204
11.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector ......................................... 205
11.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector................................. 206
11.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector ................................ 207
11.7 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption........................................................ 208

Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

A1 Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Biofuels ....................................................................... 214
A2 Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports ....................................... 215
A3 Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol .......................................... 216
A4 Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas .......................................................................................... 217
A5 Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke ............................................................................. 218
A6 Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity ........................................... 219

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors
B1 Metric Conversion Factors ................................................................................................................... 231
B2 Metric Prefixes ..................................................................................................................................... 232
B3 Other Physical Conversion Factors ...................................................................................................... 232

Appendix C. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output
C1 Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output ..................................................... 234

Appendix D. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635–1945
D1 Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635–1945 ............... 236

Appendix E. Alternative Approaches for Deriving Energy Contents of Noncombustible Renewables

E1 Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption:
E.1a Conventional Hydroelectric Power, Geothermal, and Wind .................................................. 242
E.1b Solar and Total ....................................................................................................................... 243

U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
vi
 Figures
Page
Section 1. Energy Overview
1.1 Primary Energy Overview ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 Primary Energy Production ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Primary Energy Consumption .................................................................................................................. 6
1.4a Primary Energy Imports ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.4b Primary Energy Exports ......................................................................................................................... 10
1.4c Primary Energy Net Imports .................................................................................................................. 12
1.5 Merchandise Trade Value ...................................................................................................................... 14
1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982–1984) Dollars ...................................................................... 16
1.7 Primary Energy Consumption and Energy Expenditures Indicators ...................................................... 18
1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, 1949–2019 ....................................... 20

Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector.............................................................................................................. 36
2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption ................................................................................................ 38
2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption .............................................................................................. 40
2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption .................................................................................................. 42
2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption .......................................................................................... 44
2.6 Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption .......................................................................................... 46

Section 3. Petroleum
3.1 Petroleum Overview............................................................................................................................... 58
3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production ............................................................................ 60
3.3 Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 62
3.3b Imports and Exports by Type ...................................................................................................... 64
3.4 Petroleum Stocks.................................................................................................................................... 70
3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type ................................................................................................... 72
3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type ......................................................................... 74
3.7 Petroleum Consumption by Sector ......................................................................................................... 76
3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-User Sector, 1949–2018 .......................................... 80
3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-User Sector, Monthly............................................... 81

Section 4. Natural Gas

4.1 Natural Gas .......................................................................................................................................... 100

Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators ............................................................ 110

Section 6. Coal
6.1 Coal ...................................................................................................................................................... 116

Section 7. Electricity
7.1 Electricity Overview ............................................................................................................................ 126
7.2 Electricity Net Generation.................................................................................................................... 128
7.3 Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation ............................................. 132
7.4 Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and
Useful Thermal Output..................................................................................................................... 136
7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector ........................................................................ 140
7.6 Electricity End Use .............................................................................................................................. 142

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
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Figures
Page

Section 8. Nuclear Energy

8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview .................................................................................................................... 150
8.2 Uranium Overview ............................................................................................................................... 152

Section 9. Energy Prices

9.1 Petroleum Prices .................................................................................................................................. 156
9.2 Average Retail Prices of Electricity ..................................................................................................... 164
9.3 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants .................................................................. 166
9.4 Natural Gas Prices ................................................................................................................................ 168

Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption ......................................................................................................... 176

Section 11. Environment

11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source ..................................................... 200
11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector ...................................................... 202

U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
viii
 

1. Energy
Overview
Figure 1.1  Primary Energy Overview 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

Overview, 1949–2020
120

Consumption
100

80

Production
60

40 Imports

20
Exports

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Overview, Monthly
12

10

Production
8

6 Consumption

4
Exports
2
Imports
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Overview, August 2021 Net Imports, January–August

10 1.0

8.423 8.493 0.411

8
0.0

6
-1.0
4

2.209 -2.0
1.850 -1.936
2

-2.526
0 -3.0
Production Imports Exports Consumption 2019 2020 2021
 
 

Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.   
Source:  Table 1.1. 

2  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview
(Quadrillion Btu)
Production Trade Consumption
Stock
Nuclear Renew- Change Nuclear Renew-
Fossil Electric able Net and Fossil Electric able
Fuelsa Power Energyb Total Imports Exports Importsc Otherd Fuelse Power Energyb Totalf

1950 Total .................... 32.553 0.000 2.978 35.531 1.913 1.465 0.448 -1.380 31.615 0.000 2.978 34.599
1955 Total .................... 37.347 .000 2.784 40.131 2.790 2.286 .504 -.457 37.380 .000 2.784 40.178
1960 Total .................... 39.855 .006 2.928 42.789 4.188 1.477 2.710 -.458 42.091 .006 2.928 45.041
1965 Total .................... 47.205 .043 3.396 50.644 5.892 1.829 4.063 -.754 50.515 .043 3.396 53.953
1970 Total .................... 59.152 .239 4.070 63.462 8.342 2.632 5.709 -1.354 63.501 .239 4.070 67.817
1975 Total .................... 54.697 1.900 4.687 61.284 14.032 2.323 11.709 -1.062 65.323 1.900 4.687 71.931
1980 Total .................... 58.979 2.739 5.428 67.147 15.796 3.695 12.101 -1.227 69.782 2.739 5.428 78.021
1985 Total .................... 57.502 4.076 6.084 67.661 11.781 4.196 7.584 1.088 66.035 4.076 6.084 76.334
1990 Total .................... 58.523 6.104 6.040 70.668 18.817 4.752 14.065 -.299 72.281 6.104 6.040 84.433
1995 Total .................... 57.496 7.075 6.557 71.129 22.180 4.496 17.684 2.118 77.162 7.075 6.559 90.931
2000 Total .................... 57.307 7.862 6.102 71.271 28.865 3.962 24.904 2.528 84.620 7.862 6.104 98.702
2005 Total .................... 54.995 8.161 6.221 69.377 34.659 4.462 30.197 .527 85.623 8.161 6.234 100.102
2006 Total .................... 55.877 8.215 6.586 70.678 34.649 4.727 29.921 -1.207 84.477 8.215 6.637 99.392
2007 Total .................... 56.369 8.459 6.510 71.338 34.679 5.338 29.341 .215 85.805 8.459 6.523 100.893
2008 Total .................... 57.527 8.426 7.192 73.145 32.970 6.949 26.021 -.412 83.041 8.426 7.175 98.754
2009 Total .................... 56.612 8.355 7.625 72.592 29.690 6.920 22.770 -1.420 77.862 8.355 7.608 93.942
2010 Total .................... 58.159 8.434 8.314 74.907 29.866 8.176 21.690 .916 80.723 8.434 8.267 97.513
2011 Total .................... 60.529 8.269 9.308 78.106 28.748 10.373 18.375 .389 79.263 8.269 9.212 96.870
2012 Total .................... 62.296 8.062 8.893 79.251 27.068 11.267 15.801 -.669 77.304 8.062 8.856 94.383
2013 Total .................... 64.184 8.244 9.433 81.861 24.623 11.788 12.835 2.429 79.224 8.244 9.459 97.125
2014 Total .................... 69.622 8.338 9.789 87.748 23.241 12.270 10.971 -.431 80.017 8.338 9.752 98.288
2015 Total .................... 70.190 8.337 9.754 88.280 23.794 12.902 10.892 -1.780 79.090 8.337 9.737 97.392
2016 Total .................... 65.430 8.427 10.459 84.316 25.378 14.119 11.259 1.788 78.319 8.427 10.391 97.363
2017 Total .................... 68.447 8.419 11.237 88.103 25.458 17.946 7.512 2.019 77.907 8.419 11.116 97.634
2018 Total .................... 75.758 8.438 11.552 95.749 24.833 21.224 3.610 1.845 81.271 8.438 11.343 101.203
2019 January ................ 6.805 .770 .950 8.525 2.122 1.910 .212 .808 7.837 .770 .926 9.544
February .............. 6.126 .676 .880 7.682 1.700 1.725 -.024 .731 6.835 .676 .867 8.388
March ................... 6.662 .680 .997 8.338 1.925 1.912 .013 .354 7.031 .680 .986 8.705
April ..................... 6.650 .633 1.037 8.320 1.925 1.893 .032 -.679 6.011 .633 1.021 7.673
May ...................... 6.875 .701 1.071 8.647 2.046 1.954 .092 -.790 6.175 .701 1.063 7.949
June ..................... 6.600 .718 1.007 8.326 1.889 1.940 -.051 -.360 6.189 .718 .995 7.915
July ...................... 6.784 .754 .995 8.534 2.021 1.889 .132 -.106 6.810 .754 .982 8.559
August ................. 7.060 .751 .950 8.761 1.975 1.969 .006 -.205 6.861 .751 .937 8.562
September ........... 6.820 .690 .910 8.419 1.789 1.977 -.188 -.368 6.263 .690 .899 7.864
October ................ 7.056 .648 .939 8.642 1.816 2.088 -.272 -.432 6.353 .648 .931 7.939
November ............ 6.880 .670 .909 8.459 1.688 2.029 -.340 .274 6.814 .670 .897 8.393
December ............ 7.036 .763 .949 8.748 1.969 2.190 -.222 .418 7.235 .763 .932 8.944
Total .................... 81.354 8.452 11.595 101.401 22.865 23.476 -.610 -.357 80.413 8.452 11.436 100.434
2020 January ................ 7.012 .774 1.000 8.786 1.871 2.175 -.304 .488 7.207 .774 .978 8.969
February .............. 6.455 .689 1.000 8.143 1.727 2.089 -.362 .582 6.683 .689 .982 8.364
March ................... 6.833 .668 1.002 8.503 1.782 2.236 -.454 -.174 6.223 .668 .970 7.874
April ..................... 6.241 .618 .923 7.782 1.507 1.880 -.373 -.912 4.954 .618 .915 6.498
May ...................... 5.794 .672 1.041 7.507 1.651 1.694 -.043 -.621 5.118 .672 1.042 6.843
June ..................... 5.887 .702 1.051 7.640 1.705 1.659 .045 -.393 5.527 .702 1.050 7.292
July ...................... 6.294 .725 1.006 8.025 1.692 1.874 -.183 .263 6.366 .725 .997 8.105
August ................. 6.299 .720 .966 7.985 1.613 1.877 -.264 .307 6.333 .720 .954 8.028
September ........... 6.130 .686 .898 7.714 1.545 1.853 -.308 -.070 5.750 .686 .887 7.336
October ................ 6.197 .620 .946 7.763 1.578 1.975 -.397 .124 5.931 .620 .926 7.490
November ............ 6.222 .645 1.006 7.874 1.596 1.957 -.361 .090 5.958 .645 .988 7.603
December ............ 6.379 .730 1.017 8.125 1.720 2.195 -.475 1.081 6.987 .730 1.000 8.731
Total .................... 75.743 8.248 11.854 95.845 19.988 23.464 -3.476 .765 73.036 8.248 11.689 93.134
2021 January ................ R 6.485 .750 1.014 R 8.249 1.771 2.136 -.365 R .989 R 7.125 .750 .984 8.873
February .............. R 5.306 .657 .892 R 6.855 1.566 1.744 -.178 R 1.402 6.528 .657 .884 R 8.080
March ................... R 6.524 .665 1.098 R 8.288 1.781 2.042 -.261 R .071 R 6.331 .665 1.089 R 8.098
April ..................... R 6.311 .596 1.047 R 7.954 1.703 2.180 -.477 R -.031 R 5.802 .596 1.036 R 7.446
May ...................... R 6.571 .648 1.111 R 8.330 1.801 2.115 -.314 R -.318 R 5.934 .648 1.103 7.697
June ..................... R 6.394 .690 1.048 R 8.132 1.889 2.207 -.318 R .208 6.280 .690 1.036 R 8.022
July ...................... R 6.633 .719 R 1.000 R 8.352 1.878 R 2.133 R -.255 R .249 R 6.623 .719 .987 R 8.346
August ................. 6.681 .728 1.015 8.423 1.850 2.209 -.359 .429 6.738 .728 1.010 8.493
8-Month Total ..... 50.905 5.453 8.224 64.582 14.239 16.766 -2.526 2.998 51.360 5.453 8.130 65.054
2020 8-Month Total ..... 50.815 5.568 7.988 64.370 13.548 15.484 -1.936 -.460 48.410 5.568 7.888 61.974
2019 8-Month Total ..... 53.562 5.682 7.888 67.132 15.603 15.192 .411 -.248 53.748 5.682 7.777 67.294

a Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Notes: • See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary
b See Tables 10.1–10.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and Energy Consumption," in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components
see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10. due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
c Net imports equal imports minus exports. District of Columbia.
d Includes petroleum stock change and adjustments; natural gas net storage Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change, losses, and unaccounted for; and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item. beginning in 1973.
e Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum. Sources: • Production: Table 1.2. • Trade: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. • Stock
f Also includes electricity net imports. Change and Other: Calculated as consumption minus production and net imports.
R=Revised. • Consumption: Table 1.3.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  3 
Figure 1.2  Primary Energy Production 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

By Source, 1949–2020
40

30

Coal

20
Natural Gas

Crude Oil and NGPL [a]

10

Renewable Energy
Nuclear Electric Power
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Source, Monthly
4

Natural Gas
3

Crude Oil and NGPL [a]

2

Coal
Renewable Energy
1

Nuclear Electric Power

0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total, January–August By Source, August 2021

80

67.132 Natural Gas 3.057

64.370 64.582

60
Crude Oil and NGPL [a] 2.586

40 Coal 1.038

Renewable Energy 1.015

20

Nuclear Electric Power 0.728

0
2019 2020 2021 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
 
 

[a] National gas plant liquids.   
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. 
Source:  Table 1.2. 

4  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source
(Quadrillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels Renewable Energya
Natural Nuclear Hydro-
Gas Crude Electric electric Geo- Bio-
Coalb (Dry) Oilc NGPLd Total Power Powere thermal Solar Wind mass Total Total

1950 Total .................. 14.060 6.233 11.447 0.813 32.553 0.000 1.415 NA NA NA 1.562 2.978 35.531
1955 Total .................. 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.223 37.347 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 1.424 2.784 40.131
1960 Total .................. 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.447 39.855 .006 1.608 (s) NA NA 1.320 2.928 42.789
1965 Total .................. 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.853 47.205 .043 2.059 .002 NA NA 1.335 3.396 50.644
1970 Total .................. 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.478 59.152 .239 2.634 .006 NA NA 1.431 4.070 63.462
1975 Total .................. 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.338 54.697 1.900 3.155 .034 NA NA 1.499 4.687 61.284
1980 Total .................. 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.225 58.979 2.739 2.900 .053 NA NA 2.475 5.428 67.147
1985 Total .................. 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.204 57.502 4.076 2.970 .097 (s) (s) 3.016 6.084 67.661
1990 Total .................. 22.488 18.326 15.571 2.138 58.523 6.104 3.046 .171 .059 .029 2.735 6.040 70.668
1995 Total .................. 22.130 19.082 13.887 2.398 57.496 7.075 3.205 .152 .068 .033 3.099 6.557 71.129
2000 Total .................. 22.735 19.662 12.358 2.551 57.307 7.862 2.811 .164 .063 .057 3.006 6.102 71.271
2005 Total .................. 23.185 18.556 10.974 2.280 54.995 8.161 2.703 .181 .058 .178 3.101 6.221 69.377
2006 Total .................. 23.790 19.022 10.767 2.299 55.877 8.215 2.869 .181 .061 .264 3.212 6.586 70.678
2007 Total .................. 23.493 19.786 10.741 2.349 56.369 8.459 2.446 .186 .066 .341 3.472 6.510 71.338
2008 Total .................. 23.851 20.703 10.613 2.359 57.527 8.426 2.511 .192 .074 .546 3.868 7.192 73.145
2009 Total .................. 21.624 21.139 11.340 2.508 56.612 8.355 2.669 .200 .078 .721 3.957 7.625 72.592
2010 Total .................. 22.038 21.806 11.610 2.705 58.159 8.434 2.539 .208 .091 .923 4.553 8.314 74.907
2011 Total .................. 22.221 23.406 12.012 2.890 60.529 8.269 3.103 .212 .112 1.168 4.712 9.308 78.106
2012 Total .................. 20.677 24.610 13.847 3.162 62.296 8.062 2.629 .212 .159 1.340 4.554 8.893 79.251
2013 Total .................. 20.001 24.859 15.872 3.451 64.184 8.244 2.562 .214 .225 1.601 4.830 9.433 81.861
2014 Total .................. 20.286 26.718 18.613 4.005 69.622 8.338 2.467 .214 .337 1.728 5.043 9.789 87.748
2015 Total .................. 17.946 28.067 19.701 4.476 70.190 8.337 2.321 .212 .427 1.777 5.017 9.754 88.280
2016 Total .................. 14.667 27.576 18.522 4.665 65.430 8.427 2.472 .210 .570 2.096 5.112 10.459 84.316
2017 Total .................. 15.625 28.289 19.546 4.987 68.447 8.419 2.767 .210 .777 2.343 5.140 11.237 88.103
2018 Total .................. 15.363 31.882 22.786 5.727 75.758 8.438 2.663 .209 .915 2.482 5.283 11.552 95.749

2019 January .............. 1.331 2.872 2.093 .509 6.805 .770 .221 .018 .052 .216 .443 .950 8.525
February ............ 1.179 2.612 1.859 .476 6.126 .676 .204 .016 .056 .201 .403 .880 7.682
March ................. 1.126 2.905 2.102 .529 6.662 .680 .235 .018 .084 .230 .431 .997 8.338
April ................... 1.234 2.825 2.073 .518 6.650 .633 .248 .016 .095 .257 .420 1.037 8.320
May .................... 1.248 2.941 2.145 .541 6.875 .701 .285 .017 .102 .230 .437 1.071 8.647
June ................... 1.145 2.854 2.082 .519 6.600 .718 .250 .017 .110 .200 .430 1.007 8.326
July .................... 1.191 2.966 2.101 .526 6.784 .754 .222 .018 .113 .197 .447 .995 8.534
August ............... 1.286 3.038 2.204 .533 7.060 .751 .201 .018 .109 .178 .444 .950 8.761
September ......... 1.180 2.951 2.149 .540 6.820 .690 .165 .017 .095 .218 .414 .910 8.419
October .............. 1.162 3.076 2.256 .562 7.056 .648 .163 .016 .085 .246 .430 .939 8.642
November .......... 1.098 3.026 2.216 .540 6.880 .670 .180 .014 .063 .224 .428 .909 8.459
December .......... 1.075 3.123 2.280 .558 7.036 .763 .191 .016 .053 .237 .452 .949 8.748
Total .................. 14.256 35.187 25.559 6.352 81.354 8.452 2.564 .201 1.017 2.635 5.178 11.595 101.401

2020 January .............. 1.112 3.064 2.256 .580 7.012 .774 .226 .017 .066 .254 .438 1.000 8.786
February ............ .949 2.863 2.117 .526 6.455 .689 .235 .016 .078 .262 .409 1.000 8.143
March ................. .921 3.066 2.261 .585 6.833 .668 .210 .019 .094 .263 .416 1.002 8.503
April ................... .787 2.889 2.034 .532 6.241 .618 .197 .018 .112 .262 .334 .923 7.782
May .................... .745 2.808 1.713 .529 5.794 .672 .271 .018 .132 .252 .367 1.041 7.507
June ................... .793 2.756 1.779 .560 5.887 .702 .259 .017 .130 .263 .381 1.051 7.640
July .................... .865 2.898 1.933 .598 6.294 .725 .246 .018 .139 .198 .404 1.006 8.025
August ............... .952 2.889 1.863 .596 6.299 .720 .214 .018 .129 .200 .405 .966 7.985
September ......... .904 2.798 1.856 .572 6.130 .686 .171 .018 .109 .205 .395 .898 7.714
October .............. .900 2.870 1.837 .590 6.197 .620 .163 .018 .101 .257 .407 .946 7.763
November .......... .887 2.863 1.899 .574 6.222 .645 .194 .018 .081 .300 .412 1.006 7.874
December .......... .898 2.963 1.955 .563 6.379 .730 .206 .019 .074 .289 .429 1.017 8.125
Total .................. 10.713 34.724 23.501 6.805 75.743 8.248 2.592 .214 1.246 3.006 4.796 11.854 95.845

2021 January .............. .972 RE 2.985 E 1.951 .578 R6.485 .750 .233 .018 .079 .271 .413 1.014 R 8.249
February ............ .819 RE 2.505 E 1.557 .424 R5.306 .657 .197 .017 .088 .238 .352 .892 R 6.855
March ................. 1.018 RE 2.968 E 1.969 .570 R6.524 .665 .190 .017 .125 .352 .414 1.098 R 8.288
April ................... .905 RE 2.902 E 1.917 .587 R6.311 .596 .171 .017 .144 .320 .395 1.047 R 7.954
May .................... .972 RE 2.992 E 2.000 .608 R6.571 .648 .208 .018 .163 .296 .426 1.111 R 8.330
June ................... .976 RE 2.901 RE 1.927 .590 R6.394 .690 .222 .018 .160 .235 .414 1.048 R 8.132
July .................... 1.006 RE 3.021 RE 1.998 .608 R6.633 .719 .201 .018 .160 .191 R .430 R 1.000 R 8.352
August ............... 1.038 E 3.057 E 1.965 .620 6.681 .728 .191 .018 .157 .234 .415 1.015 8.423
8-Month Total ... 7.705 E 23.331 E 15.284 4.585 50.905 5.453 1.614 .139 1.076 2.136 3.258 8.224 64.582
2020 8-Month Total ... 7.123 23.231 15.955 4.506 50.815 5.568 1.859 .142 .880 1.954 3.153 7.988 64.370
2019 8-Month Total ... 9.741 23.012 16.657 4.152 53.562 5.682 1.864 .138 .721 1.709 3.455 7.888 67.132

a Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1–10.2c for notes on series naphthas, and miscellaneous products).
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and e Conventional hydroelectric power.
Consumption," at end of Section 10. R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
b Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also Notes: • See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal
includes a small amount of refuse recovery. See Table 6.1. sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the
c Includes lease condensate. 50 states and the District of Columbia.
d Natural gas processing plant production of natural gas liquids (ethane, Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
propane, normal butane, isobutane, and natural gasoline). Through 1980, also and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
includes natural gas processing plant production of finished petroleum products beginning in 1973.
(aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, special Sources: See end of section.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  5 
Figure 1.3  Primary Energy Consumption 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

By Source, [a] 1949–2020

45
Petroleum

30
Natural Gas

15 Coal

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

By Source, [a] Monthly

4

3 Petroleum

Natural Gas
2

Coal
Renewable Energy
1

Nuclear Electric Power

0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 

Total, January–August By Source, [a] August 2021

80

67.294 Petroleum 3.104

65.054
61.974
60
Natural Gas 2.491

40 Coal 1.148

Renewable Energy 1.010

20

Nuclear Electric Power 0.728

0
2019 2020 2021 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
 
 

[a] Small quantities of net imports of coal coke and electricity are not shown. 
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. 
Source:  Table 1.3. 

6  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source
(Quadrillion Btu)
Fossil Fuelsa Renewable Energyb

Nuclear Hydro-
Natural Petro- Electric electric Geo- Bio-
Coal Gasc leumd Totale Power Powerf thermal Solar Wind mass Total Totalg

1950 Total .................... 12.347 5.968 13.298 31.615 0.000 1.415 NA NA NA 1.562 2.978 34.599
1955 Total .................... 11.167 8.998 17.225 37.380 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 1.424 2.784 40.178
1960 Total .................... 9.838 12.385 19.874 42.091 .006 1.608 (s) NA NA 1.320 2.928 45.041
1965 Total .................... 11.581 15.769 23.184 50.515 .043 2.059 .002 NA NA 1.335 3.396 53.953
1970 Total .................... 12.265 21.795 29.499 63.501 .239 2.634 .006 NA NA 1.431 4.070 67.817
1975 Total .................... 12.663 19.948 32.699 65.323 1.900 3.155 .034 NA NA 1.499 4.687 71.931
1980 Total .................... 15.423 20.235 34.159 69.782 2.739 2.900 .053 NA NA 2.475 5.428 78.021
1985 Total .................... 17.478 17.703 30.866 66.035 4.076 2.970 .097 (s) (s) 3.016 6.084 76.334
1990 Total .................... 19.173 19.603 33.500 72.281 6.104 3.046 .171 .059 .029 2.735 6.040 84.433
1995 Total .................... 20.089 22.671 34.341 77.162 7.075 3.205 .152 .068 .033 3.101 6.559 90.931
2000 Total .................... 22.580 23.824 38.152 84.620 7.862 2.811 .164 .063 .057 3.008 6.104 98.702
2005 Total .................... 22.797 22.565 40.217 85.623 8.161 2.703 .181 .058 .178 3.114 6.234 100.102
2006 Total .................... 22.447 22.239 39.731 84.477 8.215 2.869 .181 .061 .264 3.262 6.637 99.392
2007 Total .................... 22.749 23.663 39.368 85.805 8.459 2.446 .186 .066 .341 3.485 6.523 100.893
2008 Total .................... 22.387 23.843 36.769 83.041 8.426 2.511 .192 .074 .546 3.851 7.175 98.754
2009 Total .................... 19.691 23.416 34.779 77.862 8.355 2.669 .200 .078 .721 3.940 7.608 93.942
2010 Total .................... 20.834 24.575 35.321 80.723 8.434 2.539 .208 .091 .923 4.506 8.267 97.513
2011 Total .................... 19.658 24.955 34.639 79.263 8.269 3.103 .212 .112 1.168 4.616 9.212 96.870
2012 Total .................... 17.378 26.089 33.833 77.304 8.062 2.629 .212 .159 1.340 4.517 8.856 94.383
2013 Total .................... 18.039 26.805 34.398 79.224 8.244 2.562 .214 .225 1.601 4.857 9.459 97.125
2014 Total .................... 17.998 27.383 34.658 80.017 8.338 2.467 .214 .337 1.728 5.006 9.752 98.288
2015 Total .................... 15.549 28.191 35.368 79.090 8.337 2.321 .212 .427 1.777 5.000 9.737 97.392
2016 Total .................... 14.226 28.400 35.712 78.319 8.427 2.472 .210 .570 2.096 5.043 10.391 97.363
2017 Total .................... 13.837 28.055 36.043 77.907 8.419 2.767 .210 .777 2.343 5.018 11.116 97.634
2018 Total .................... 13.252 31.153 36.892 81.271 8.438 2.663 .209 .915 2.482 5.073 11.343 101.203

2019 January ................ 1.161 3.549 3.130 7.837 .770 .221 .018 .052 .216 .418 .926 9.544
February .............. .949 3.129 2.757 6.835 .676 .204 .016 .056 .201 .389 .867 8.388
March ................... .933 3.034 3.065 7.031 .680 .235 .018 .084 .230 .420 .986 8.705
April ..................... .719 2.291 3.001 6.011 .633 .248 .016 .095 .257 .405 1.021 7.673
May ...................... .850 2.210 3.116 6.175 .701 .285 .017 .102 .230 .429 1.063 7.949
June ..................... .931 2.195 3.065 6.189 .718 .250 .017 .110 .200 .418 .995 7.915
July ...................... 1.154 2.480 3.179 6.810 .754 .222 .018 .113 .197 .434 .982 8.559
August ................. 1.086 2.521 3.255 6.861 .751 .201 .018 .109 .178 .431 .937 8.562
September ........... .986 2.285 2.995 6.263 .690 .165 .017 .095 .218 .403 .899 7.864
October ................ .801 2.389 3.165 6.353 .648 .163 .016 .085 .246 .421 .931 7.939
November ............ .885 2.884 3.046 6.814 .670 .180 .014 .063 .224 .416 .897 8.393
December ............ .860 3.286 3.093 7.235 .763 .191 .016 .053 .237 .435 .932 8.944
Total .................... 11.316 32.252 36.866 80.413 8.452 2.564 .201 1.017 2.635 5.019 11.436 100.434

2020 January ................ .783 3.416 3.009 7.207 .774 .226 .017 .066 .254 .415 .978 8.969
February .............. .692 3.149 2.844 6.683 .689 .235 .016 .078 .262 .391 .982 8.364
March ................... .631 2.802 2.791 6.223 .668 .210 .019 .094 .263 .385 .970 7.874
April ..................... .514 2.318 2.123 4.954 .618 .197 .018 .112 .262 .326 .915 6.498
May ...................... .574 2.138 2.406 5.118 .672 .271 .018 .132 .252 .368 1.042 6.843
June ..................... .768 2.204 2.556 5.527 .702 .259 .017 .130 .263 .380 1.050 7.292
July ...................... 1.019 2.576 2.771 6.366 .725 .246 .018 .139 .198 .394 .997 8.105
August ................. 1.033 2.485 2.815 6.333 .720 .214 .018 .129 .200 .394 .954 8.028
September ........... .806 2.247 2.697 5.750 .686 .171 .018 .109 .205 .384 .887 7.336
October ................ .721 2.400 2.810 5.931 .620 .163 .018 .101 .257 .387 .926 7.490
November ............ .732 2.520 2.710 5.958 .645 .194 .018 .081 .300 .394 .988 7.603
December ............ .910 3.279 2.799 6.987 .730 .206 .019 .074 .289 .413 1.000 8.731
Total .................... 9.183 31.534 32.331 73.036 8.248 2.592 .214 1.246 3.006 4.631 11.689 93.134

2021 January ................ .949 3.402 2.777 R 7.125 .750 .233 .018 .079 .271 .383 .984 8.873
February .............. .994 R 3.150 2.387 6.528 .657 .197 .017 .088 .238 .345 .884 R 8.080
March ................... .738 R 2.699 2.894 R 6.331 .665 .190 .017 .125 .352 .405 1.089 R 8.098
April ..................... .648 2.315 2.843 R 5.802 .596 .171 .017 .144 .320 .384 1.036 R 7.446
May ...................... .755 2.168 3.014 R 5.934 .648 .208 .018 .163 .296 .419 1.103 7.697
June ..................... .993 2.291 3.001 6.280 .690 .222 .018 .160 .235 .403 1.036 R 8.022
July ...................... 1.156 R 2.466 3.004 R 6.623 .719 .201 .018 .160 .191 .417 .987 R 8.346
August ................. 1.148 2.491 3.104 6.738 .728 .191 .018 .157 .234 .410 1.010 8.493
8-Month Total ..... 7.381 20.983 23.024 51.360 5.453 1.614 .139 1.076 2.136 3.165 8.130 65.054

2020 8-Month Total ..... 6.015 21.088 21.315 48.410 5.568 1.859 .142 .880 1.954 3.054 7.888 61.974
2019 8-Month Total ..... 7.784 21.409 24.567 53.748 5.682 1.864 .138 .721 1.709 3.344 7.777 67.294

a Includes non-combustion use of fossil fuels. separately displayed. See Tables 1.4c.
b Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1–10.2c for notes on series R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Notes: • See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
Consumption," at end of Section 10. • See Table D1 for estimated energy consumption for 1635–1945. • Totals may
c Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 3, not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
d Petroleum products supplied; excludes biofuels Biofuels are included in Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
"Biomass." and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
e Includes coal coke net imports. See Tables 1.4c. beginning in 1973.
f Conventional hydroelectric power. Sources: See end of section.
g Includes coal coke net imports and electricity net imports, which are not
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  7 
Figure 1.4a  Primary Energy Imports 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

By Source, 1949–2020
25
Crude Oil [a]

20

15

10
Petroleum Products [b]

5
Natural Gas
Other [c]
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Source, Monthly
1.5

Crude Oil [a]

1.0

0.5
Petroleum Products [b]

Natural Gas
Other [c]
0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total, January–August Total, Monthly

18 2.5
15.603
15 14.239 2.0
13.548

12 1.5

9
1.0

6
0.5
2019 2020 2021
3
0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
2019 2020 2021
 

[a] Crude oil and lease condensate, includes imports into the Strategic  [c] Coal, coal coke, biomass, and electricity. 
Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. 
[b] Petroleum products, unfinished oils, natural gasoline, and gasoline  Source:  Table 1.4a. 
blending components. Does not include biofuels. 

8  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.4a Primary Energy Imports by Source
(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports

Petroleum

Coal Natural Crude Petroleum

Coal Coke Gas Oila Productsb Total Biomassc Electricity Total

1950 Total ...................... 0.009 0.011 0.000 1.056 0.830 1.886 NA 0.007 1.913
1955 Total ...................... .008 .003 .011 1.691 1.061 2.752 NA .016 2.790
1960 Total ...................... .007 .003 .161 2.196 1.802 3.999 NA .018 4.188
1965 Total ...................... .005 .002 .471 2.654 2.748 5.402 NA .012 5.892
1970 Total ...................... .001 .004 .846 2.814 4.656 7.470 NA .021 8.342
1975 Total ...................... .024 .045 .978 8.721 4.227 12.948 NA .038 14.032
1980 Total ...................... .030 .016 1.006 11.195 3.463 14.658 NA .085 15.796
1985 Total ...................... .049 .014 .952 6.814 3.796 10.609 NA .157 11.781
1990 Total ...................... .067 .019 1.551 12.766 4.351 17.117 NA .063 18.817
1995 Total ...................... .237 .095 2.901 15.669 3.131 18.800 .001 .146 22.180
2000 Total ...................... .313 .094 3.869 19.783 4.641 24.424 (s) .166 28.865
2005 Total ...................... .762 .088 4.450 22.091 7.108 29.198 .012 .150 34.659
2006 Total ...................... .906 .101 4.291 22.085 7.054 29.139 .066 .146 34.649
2007 Total ...................... .909 .061 4.723 21.914 6.842 28.756 .055 .175 34.679
2008 Total ...................... .855 .089 4.084 21.448 6.214 27.662 .085 .195 32.970
2009 Total ...................... .566 .009 3.845 19.699 5.367 25.066 .027 .178 29.690
2010 Total ...................... .484 .030 3.834 20.140 5.219 25.359 .004 .154 29.866
2011 Total ...................... .327 .035 3.555 19.595 5.038 24.633 .019 .178 28.748
2012 Total ...................... .212 .028 3.216 19.239 4.122 23.361 .049 .202 27.068
2013 Total ...................... .199 .003 2.955 16.957 4.169 21.126 .102 .236 24.623
2014 Total ...................... .252 .002 2.763 16.178 3.773 19.951 .046 .227 23.241
2015 Total ...................... .256 .003 2.786 16.299 4.111 20.410 .079 .259 23.794
2016 Total ...................... .220 .006 3.082 17.392 4.309 21.700 .123 .248 25.378
2017 Total ...................... .168 .001 3.109 17.597 4.277 21.874 .081 .224 25.458
2018 Total ...................... .122 .003 2.961 17.192 4.309 21.501 .048 .199 24.833

2019 January .................. .013 (s) .298 1.420 .370 1.790 .005 .016 2.122
February ................ .007 (s) .239 1.132 .303 1.435 .003 .016 1.700
March ..................... .015 (s) .259 1.274 .353 1.628 .006 .017 1.925
April ....................... .011 .001 .212 1.273 .409 1.681 .006 .015 1.925
May ........................ .008 (s) .213 1.344 .459 1.803 .005 .016 2.046
June ....................... .014 (s) .206 1.300 .345 1.645 .007 .018 1.889
July ........................ .011 (s) .236 1.304 .444 1.748 .007 .019 2.021
August ................... .011 .001 .226 1.305 .408 1.713 .006 .020 1.975
September ............. .013 (s) .213 1.179 .358 1.537 .007 .018 1.789
October .................. .015 (s) .216 1.173 .392 1.565 .007 .012 1.816
November .............. .010 .001 .229 1.058 .368 1.426 .006 .017 1.688
December .............. .011 (s) .262 1.284 .387 1.671 .007 .018 1.969
Total ...................... .138 .003 2.810 15.045 4.596 19.641 .072 .201 22.865

2020 January .................. .011 (s) .269 1.206 .365 1.570 .006 .016 1.871
February ................ .007 (s) .244 1.147 .309 1.456 .005 .015 1.727
March ..................... .009 (s) .219 1.184 .348 1.532 .005 .017 1.782
April ....................... .007 (s) .195 1.004 .278 1.282 .007 .016 1.507
May ........................ .011 .001 .191 1.145 .281 1.426 .005 .018 1.651
June ....................... .005 (s) .192 1.163 .320 1.483 .007 .018 1.705
July ........................ .011 (s) .216 1.111 .327 1.438 .005 .023 1.692
August ................... .006 (s) .217 1.019 .341 1.359 .007 .023 1.613
September ............. .010 .001 .179 .982 .351 1.333 .006 .016 1.545
October .................. .005 .002 .204 .995 .349 1.344 .007 .016 1.578
November .............. .013 (s) .217 1.014 .331 1.344 .007 .014 1.596
December .............. .009 (s) .273 1.074 .338 1.413 .008 .018 1.720
Total ...................... .105 .004 2.615 13.044 3.937 16.980 .074 .210 19.988

2021 January .................. .011 (s) .291 1.088 .359 1.446 .005 .017 1.771
February ................ .006 (s) .279 .949 .312 1.262 .005 .014 1.566
March ..................... .005 (s) .245 1.088 .421 1.509 .007 .016 1.781
April ....................... .010 (s) .214 1.059 .397 1.456 .008 .015 1.703
May ........................ .010 (s) .210 1.096 .462 1.558 .006 .016 1.801
June ....................... .010 (s) .213 1.201 .437 1.638 .009 .018 1.889
July ........................ .011 (s) .233 1.203 .404 1.607 .006 .020 1.878
August ................... .007 (s) .226 1.173 .417 1.590 .006 .020 1.850
8-Month Total ....... .072 .001 1.911 8.857 3.208 12.065 .054 .136 14.239

2020 8-Month Total ....... .067 .002 1.742 8.978 2.568 11.546 .046 .146 13.548
2019 8-Month Total ....... .089 .002 1.889 10.352 3.091 13.443 .044 .137 15.603

a Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Notes: • See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of
Reserve, which began in 1977. components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states
b Petroleum products, unfinished oils, natural gasoline, and gasoline blending and the District of Columbia.
components. Does not include biofuels. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
c Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant). Beginning in and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
2001, also includes biodiesel. Beginning in 2011, also includes renewable diesel beginning in 1973.
fuel. Beginning in 2021, also includes other biofuels. Sources: See end of section.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
 

 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  9 
Figure 1.4b  Primary Energy Exports 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

By Source, 1949-2020
12

10

4
Petroleum Products [b] Coal [c]

Crude Oil [a] Natural Gas Other [d]

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Source, Monthly
1.0

Petroleum Products [b]

0.8

Crude Oil [a]

0.6

0.4 Natural Gas

0.2
Coal [c]

Other [d]
0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total, January–August
Total, Monthly
18 16.766 2.5
15.192 15.484
15
2.0

12
1.5

9
1.0

6
0.5
2019 2020 2021
3
0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
2019 2020 2021
 

[a] Crude oil and lease condensate.  [d] Biomass and electricity 
[b] Petroleum products, unfinished oils, natural gasoline, and gasoline      Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. 
blending components. Does not include biofuels.       Source:  Table 1.4b. 
[c] Includes coal coke. 

10  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.4b Primary Energy Exports by Source
(Quadrillion Btu)
Exports

Petroleum

Coal Natural Crude Petroleum

Coal Coke Gas Oila Productsb Total Biomassc Electricity Total

1950 Total ...................... 0.786 0.010 0.027 0.202 0.440 0.642 NA 0.001 1.465
1955 Total ...................... 1.465 .013 .032 .067 .707 .774 NA .002 2.286
1960 Total ...................... 1.023 .009 .012 .018 .413 .431 NA .003 1.477
1965 Total ...................... 1.376 .021 .027 .006 .386 .392 NA .013 1.829
1970 Total ...................... 1.936 .061 .072 .029 .520 .549 NA .014 2.632
1975 Total ...................... 1.761 .032 .074 .012 .427 .439 NA .017 2.323
1980 Total ...................... 2.421 .051 .049 .609 .551 1.160 NA .014 3.695
1985 Total ...................... 2.438 .028 .056 .432 1.225 1.657 NA .017 4.196
1990 Total ...................... 2.772 .014 .087 .230 1.594 1.824 NA .055 4.752
1995 Total ...................... 2.318 .034 .156 .200 1.776 1.976 NA .012 4.496
2000 Total ...................... 1.528 .028 .245 .106 2.003 2.110 NA .051 3.962
2005 Total ...................... 1.273 .043 .735 .067 2.276 2.344 (s) .065 4.462
2006 Total ...................... 1.264 .040 .730 .052 2.554 2.606 (s) .083 4.727
2007 Total ...................... 1.507 .036 .830 .058 2.803 2.861 .036 .069 5.338
2008 Total ...................... 2.071 .049 .972 .061 3.626 3.686 .089 .083 6.949
2009 Total ...................... 1.515 .032 1.082 .093 4.101 4.194 .035 .062 6.920
2010 Total ...................... 2.101 .036 1.147 .088 4.691 4.780 .047 .065 8.176
2011 Total ...................... 2.751 .024 1.519 .100 5.820 5.919 .108 .051 10.373
2012 Total ...................... 3.087 .024 1.633 .143 6.261 6.404 .078 .041 11.267
2013 Total ...................... 2.895 .021 1.587 .284 6.886 7.170 .076 .039 11.788
2014 Total ...................... 2.435 .023 1.528 .744 7.414 8.158 .081 .045 12.270
2015 Total ...................... 1.852 .021 1.800 .964 8.153 9.118 .080 .031 12.902
2016 Total ...................... 1.546 .025 2.356 1.238 8.752 9.990 .181 .021 14.119
2017 Total ...................... 2.388 .030 3.182 2.424 9.684 12.108 .206 .032 17.946
2018 Total ...................... 2.824 .029 3.640 4.277 10.158 14.434 .249 .047 21.224

2019 January .................. .229 .003 .368 .468 .820 1.287 .018 .005 1.910
February ................ .166 .001 .333 .466 .737 1.203 .017 .005 1.725
March ..................... .225 .001 .377 .473 .806 1.279 .022 .009 1.912
April ....................... .212 .002 .341 .498 .810 1.309 .022 .007 1.893
May ........................ .221 .002 .372 .524 .811 1.335 .019 .006 1.954
June ....................... .204 .002 .363 .531 .813 1.344 .021 .005 1.940
July ........................ .159 .002 .397 .479 .825 1.304 .020 .007 1.889
August ................... .190 .002 .388 .487 .873 1.360 .022 .006 1.969
September ............. .190 .003 .398 .530 .831 1.360 .019 .006 1.977
October .................. .162 .003 .430 .604 .866 1.470 .018 .005 2.088
November .............. .186 .002 .446 .527 .844 1.372 .018 .004 2.029
December .............. .160 .003 .486 .626 .889 1.515 .023 .004 2.190
Total ...................... 2.305 .024 4.700 6.212 9.926 16.139 .240 .068 23.476

2020 January .................. .156 .002 .515 .600 .879 1.479 .019 .005 2.175
February ................ .165 .002 .458 .586 .850 1.436 .022 .006 2.089
March ..................... .177 .001 .502 .642 .885 1.527 .025 .004 2.236
April ....................... .139 .001 .425 .494 .798 1.291 .019 .005 1.880
May ........................ .118 .001 .399 .562 .592 1.154 .017 .005 1.694
June ....................... .115 (s) .342 .471 .708 1.179 .019 .004 1.659
July ........................ .134 .001 .352 .592 .777 1.368 .015 .004 1.874
August ................... .114 .001 .362 .603 .774 1.377 .019 .003 1.877
September ............. .134 .001 .399 .559 .737 1.296 .019 .003 1.853
October .................. .123 .003 .486 .520 .821 1.341 .020 .003 1.975
November .............. .176 .002 .533 .477 .748 1.225 .018 .003 1.957
December .............. .177 .001 .558 .594 .840 1.434 .021 .003 2.195
Total ...................... 1.726 .017 5.331 6.699 9.410 16.108 .234 .048 23.464

2021 January .................. .143 .003 .569 .560 .834 1.394 .023 .003 2.136
February ................ .185 .003 .428 .432 .675 1.107 .018 .004 1.744
March ..................... .189 (s) .601 .475 .750 1.225 .024 .003 2.042
April ....................... .170 .004 .569 .562 .849 1.411 .021 .004 2.180
May ........................ .187 .004 .583 .484 .836 1.320 .017 .003 2.115
June ....................... .196 .006 .544 .574 .863 1.437 .021 .003 2.207
July ........................ .163 .003 .571 .478 .901 1.379 R .015 .003 R 2.133
August ................... .192 .005 .568 .530 .891 1.421 .019 .003 2.209
8-Month Total ....... 1.425 .029 4.433 4.096 6.598 10.694 .159 .026 16.766

2020 8-Month Total ....... 1.116 .009 3.355 4.548 6.264 10.812 .155 .037 15.484
2019 8-Month Total ....... 1.607 .014 2.940 3.926 6.496 10.421 .161 .049 15.192

a Crude oil and lease condensate. Notes: • See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of
b Petroleum products, unfinished oils, natural gasoline, and gasoline blending components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states
components. Does not include biofuels. and the District of Columbia.
c Beginning in 2001, includes biodiesel. Beginning in 2010, also includes fuel Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
ethanol (minus denaturant). Beginning in 2016, also includes wood and and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
wood-derived fuels. beginning in 1973.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  11 
Figure 1.4c  Primary Energy Net Imports 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

Total, 1949–2020
40

30

20

10

-10
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Major Source, 1949–2020

24 Crude Oil [a]

18

12

6
Petroleum Products [b] Natural Gas

0
Coal [c]

-6
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
   

Total, Monthly
By Major Source, Monthly
0.5
2.0

0.0
1.0
Crude Oil [a]

Natural Gas Coal [c]

-0.5 0.0

Petroleum
Products [b]
-1.0 -1.0
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
 

[a] Crude oil and lease condensate.  Includes imports into the Strategic  [c] Includes coal coke. 
Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.      Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. 
[b] Petroleum products, unfinished oils, natural gasoline, and gasoline      Source:  Table 1.4c. 
blending components. Does not include biofuels. 

12  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.4c Primary Energy Net Imports by Source
(Quadrillion Btu)
Net Importsa

Petroleum

Coal Natural Crude Petroleum

Coal Coke Gas Oilb Productsc Total Biomassd Electricity Total

1950 Total ...................... -0.777 0.001 -0.027 0.854 0.390 1.244 NA 0.006 0.448
1955 Total ...................... -1.456 -.010 -.021 1.624 .354 1.978 NA .014 .504
1960 Total ...................... -1.017 -.006 .149 2.178 1.389 3.568 NA .015 2.710
1965 Total ...................... -1.372 -.018 .444 2.648 2.362 5.010 NA (s) 4.063
1970 Total ...................... -1.935 -.058 .774 2.785 4.136 6.921 NA .007 5.709
1975 Total ...................... -1.738 .014 .904 8.708 3.800 12.508 NA .021 11.709
1980 Total ...................... -2.391 -.035 .957 10.586 2.912 13.499 NA .071 12.101
1985 Total ...................... -2.389 -.013 .896 6.381 2.570 8.952 NA .140 7.584
1990 Total ...................... -2.705 .005 1.464 12.536 2.757 15.293 NA .008 14.065
1995 Total ...................... -2.081 .061 2.745 15.469 1.355 16.824 NA .134 17.684
2000 Total ...................... -1.215 .065 3.623 19.676 2.638 22.314 NA .115 24.904
2005 Total ...................... -.512 .044 3.714 22.023 4.831 26.855 .011 .085 30.197
2006 Total ...................... -.358 .061 3.560 22.032 4.501 26.533 .062 .063 29.921
2007 Total ...................... -.598 .025 3.893 21.855 4.040 25.895 .019 .107 29.341
2008 Total ...................... -1.215 .041 3.112 21.388 2.588 23.976 -.004 .112 26.021
2009 Total ...................... -.949 -.024 2.763 19.606 1.266 20.872 -.009 .116 22.770
2010 Total ...................... -1.617 -.006 2.687 20.052 .528 20.580 -.042 .089 21.690
2011 Total ...................... -2.423 .011 2.036 19.495 -.781 18.714 -.089 .127 18.375
2012 Total ...................... -2.875 .004 1.583 19.096 -2.139 16.957 -.029 .161 15.801
2013 Total ...................... -2.696 -.017 1.369 16.673 -2.717 13.956 .026 .197 12.835
2014 Total ...................... -2.183 -.022 1.235 15.434 -3.641 11.793 -.034 .182 10.971
2015 Total ...................... -1.596 -.018 .986 15.335 -4.042 11.292 -.001 .227 10.892
2016 Total ...................... -1.326 -.019 .725 16.154 -4.443 11.710 -.058 .227 11.259
2017 Total ...................... -2.220 -.029 -.073 15.173 -5.407 9.766 -.124 .192 7.512
2018 Total ...................... -2.702 -.026 -.679 12.915 -5.849 7.066 -.201 .152 3.610

2019 January .................. -.217 -.003 -.070 .952 -.450 .503 -.013 .011 .212
February ................ -.159 -.001 -.094 .666 -.434 .232 -.014 .011 -.024
March ..................... -.210 -.001 -.118 .801 -.453 .349 -.016 .008 .013
April ....................... -.201 -.001 -.130 .774 -.402 .373 -.017 .008 .032
May ........................ -.212 -.002 -.159 .821 -.352 .468 -.013 .010 .092
June ....................... -.191 -.002 -.157 .770 -.469 .301 -.014 .012 -.051
July ........................ -.149 -.002 -.161 .825 -.381 .444 -.014 .013 .132
August ................... -.180 -.001 -.163 .817 -.465 .353 -.017 .014 .006
September ............. -.177 -.002 -.185 .649 -.473 .176 -.012 .012 -.188
October .................. -.147 -.002 -.214 .569 -.474 .095 -.011 .007 -.272
November .............. -.177 -.002 -.217 .530 -.476 .055 -.012 .012 -.340
December .............. -.149 -.003 -.224 .658 -.502 .156 -.016 .014 -.222
Total ...................... -2.167 -.021 -1.889 8.833 -5.331 3.502 -.168 .133 -.610

2020 January .................. -.145 -.001 -.246 .606 -.514 .092 -.014 .011 -.304
February ................ -.158 -.002 -.214 .561 -.541 .020 -.017 .010 -.362
March ..................... -.167 -.001 -.283 .542 -.538 .005 -.020 .013 -.454
April ....................... -.131 -.001 -.230 .511 -.520 -.009 -.012 .011 -.373
May ........................ -.107 (s) -.208 .582 -.311 .271 -.011 .012 -.043
June ....................... -.110 (s) -.149 .693 -.388 .304 -.013 .013 .045
July ........................ -.123 (s) -.137 .519 -.450 .069 -.011 .019 -.183
August ................... -.107 -.001 -.146 .415 -.433 -.018 -.013 .020 -.264
September ............. -.124 -.001 -.220 .423 -.386 .037 -.013 .013 -.308
October .................. -.118 -.001 -.282 .475 -.472 .003 -.013 .013 -.397
November .............. -.163 -.002 -.316 .536 -.417 .119 -.011 .012 -.361
December .............. -.169 -.001 -.285 .480 -.502 -.021 -.013 .015 -.475
Total ...................... -1.621 -.013 -2.716 6.345 -5.473 .872 -.159 .161 -3.476

2021 January .................. -.132 -.003 -.277 .527 -.475 .052 -.018 .014 -.365
February ................ -.179 -.003 -.149 .517 -.362 .155 -.013 .010 -.178
March ..................... -.185 (s) -.356 .613 -.329 .284 -.017 .013 -.261
April ....................... -.160 -.004 -.356 .497 -.452 .045 -.013 .011 -.477
May ........................ -.177 -.004 -.373 .612 -.374 .238 -.011 .013 -.314
June ....................... -.185 -.006 -.331 .628 -.427 .201 -.012 .015 -.318
July ........................ -.151 -.003 -.337 .725 -.497 .228 R -.009 .017 R -.255
August ................... -.185 -.005 -.342 .643 -.474 .169 -.013 .017 -.359
8-Month Total ....... -1.353 -.028 -2.522 4.761 -3.390 1.371 -.105 .110 -2.526

2020 8-Month Total ....... -1.048 -.007 -1.613 4.430 -3.696 .734 -.110 .109 -1.936
2019 8-Month Total ....... -1.518 -.012 -1.051 6.426 -3.405 3.021 -.118 .088 .411

a Net imports equal imports minus exports. biofuels imports.

b Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Reserve, which began in 1977. Notes: • See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of
c Petroleum products, unfinished oils, natural gasoline, and gasoline blending components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states
components. Does not include biofuels. and the District of Columbia.
d Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) imports. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
Beginning in 2001, also includes biodiesel imports and exports. Beginning in 2010, and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
also includes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) exports. Beginning in 2011, also beginning in 1973.
includes renewable diesel fuel imports. Beginning in 2021, also includes other Sources: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  13 
 

Figure 1.5  Merchandise Trade Value 
                           (Billion Dollars[a]) 
 

Imports and Exports, 1974–2020 Imports and Exports, Monthly

3,000 300

2,500 250

Total Imports

200
2,000

150
1,500 Total Exports

Total Imports

100
1,000 Total Exports

50
Energy Imports
500
Energy Exports

Energy Exports Energy Imports

0
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2019 2020 2021
 
 

Trade Balance, 1974–2020 Trade Balance, Monthly

200 20

100 Non-Energy Energy

0
0

Energy
-100
-20

-200

-300 -40

-400
-60
-500

-600 -80 Total

-700 Non-Energy

-100
-800
Total
-900
-120
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
-1000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2019 2020 2021
 
 

[a] Prices are not adjusted for inflation.  See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.   
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. 
Source:  Table 1.5. 
 
 

14  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.5 Merchandise Trade Value
(Million Dollarsa)
Petroleumb Energyc Non- Total Merchandise
Energy
Exports Imports Balance Exports Imports Balance Balance Exports Imports Balance

1974 Total ................ 792 24,668 -23,876 3,444 25,454 -22,010 18,126 99,437 103,321 -3,884
1975 Total ................ 907 25,197 -24,289 4,470 26,476 -22,006 31,557 108,856 99,305 9,551
1980 Total ................ 2,833 78,637 -75,803 7,982 82,924 -74,942 55,246 225,566 245,262 -19,696
1985 Total ................ 4,707 50,475 -45,768 9,971 53,917 -43,946 -73,765 218,815 336,526 -117,712
1990 Total ................ 6,901 61,583 -54,682 12,233 64,661 -52,428 -50,068 393,592 496,088 -102,496
1995 Total ................ 6,321 54,368 -48,047 10,358 59,109 -48,751 -110,050 584,742 743,543 -158,801
2000 Total ................ 8,569 102,663 -94,094 11,541 115,748 -104,207 -364,056 693,103 1,161,366 -468,263
2005 Total ................ 19,155 250,068 -230,913 26,488 289,723 -263,235 -504,242 905,978 1,673,455 -767,477
2006 Total ................ 28,171 299,714 -271,543 34,711 332,500 -297,789 -519,515 1,036,635 1,853,938 -817,304
2007 Total ................ 33,293 327,620 -294,327 41,725 364,987 -323,262 -485,501 1,148,199 1,956,962 -808,763
2008 Total ................ 61,695 449,847 -388,152 76,075 491,885 -415,810 -400,389 1,287,442 2,103,641 -816,199
2009 Total ................ 44,509 251,833 -207,324 54,536 271,739 -217,203 -286,379 1,056,043 1,559,625 -503,582
2010 Total ................ 64,753 333,472 -268,719 80,625 354,982 -274,357 -361,005 1,278,495 1,913,857 -635,362
2011 Total ................ b102,180 b431,866 b-329,686 128,989 453,839 -324,850 -400,597 1,482,508 2,207,954 -725,447
2012 Total ................ 111,949 408,509 -296,560 136,054 423,860 -287,806 -442,640 1,545,821 2,276,267 -730,446
2013 Total ................ 123,244 363,141 -239,897 147,572 379,758 -232,186 -457,284 1,578,517 2,267,987 -689,470
2014 Total ................ 127,818 326,709 -198,891 154,498 347,474 -192,976 -541,506 1,621,874 2,356,356 -734,482
2015 Total ................ 85,890 177,455 -91,565 103,612 190,501 -86,889 -658,594 1,503,328 2,248,811 -745,483
2016 Total ................ 74,921 142,920 -67,999 92,971 153,800 -60,829 -674,497 1,451,460 2,186,786 -735,326
2017 Total ................ 104,975 181,672 -76,697 137,920 194,790 -56,870 -735,526 1,547,195 2,339,591 -792,396
2018 Total ................ 149,715 219,493 -69,778 190,888 232,746 -41,858 -828,500 1,665,787 2,536,145 -870,358

2019 January ............ 12,044 14,023 -1,979 15,686 15,621 65 -74,464 129,662 204,061 -74,399
February ......... 11,639 12,293 -654 14,553 13,602 951 -56,548 129,916 185,513 -55,597
March ............... 12,801 15,325 -2,524 16,294 16,697 -403 -58,936 148,306 207,645 -59,339
April ................. 12,940 17,775 -4,835 16,714 18,597 -1,883 -72,184 134,814 208,881 -74,067
May .................. 13,285 20,116 -6,831 16,919 20,888 -3,969 -74,098 142,241 220,308 -78,067
June ................. 12,819 16,938 -4,119 16,256 17,617 -1,361 -67,316 138,008 206,685 -68,677
July .................. 12,651 18,335 -5,684 16,034 19,106 -3,072 -82,200 133,201 218,473 -85,272
August ............. 13,248 16,224 -2,976 16,154 16,993 -839 -76,230 138,316 215,385 -77,069
September ....... 12,817 14,424 -1,607 16,196 15,159 1,037 -73,356 134,043 206,362 -72,319
October ............ 13,884 15,023 -1,139 17,325 15,794 1,531 -78,418 142,272 219,158 -76,887
November ........ 13,123 13,278 -155 16,715 14,282 2,433 -64,800 136,820 199,187 -62,367
December ........ 15,069 15,284 -215 18,860 16,472 2,388 -69,246 135,221 202,080 -66,858
Total ................ 156,320 189,039 -32,719 197,705 200,828 -3,123 -847,794 1,642,820 2,493,738 -850,917

2020 January ............ 14,055 14,862 -807 17,972 15,869 2,103 -69,478 128,767 196,142 -67,375
February .......... 12,801 12,645 156 16,148 13,413 2,735 -50,668 130,553 178,487 -47,933
March ............... 11,285 11,128 157 14,626 11,789 2,837 -64,478 132,921 194,562 -61,641
April ................. 6,730 5,996 734 9,598 6,501 3,097 -74,351 94,471 165,725 -71,254
May .................. 5,277 5,902 -625 7,900 6,490 1,410 -74,460 90,738 163,789 -73,050
June ................. 6,677 7,565 -888 9,120 8,122 998 -75,807 104,669 179,478 -74,809
July .................. 8,672 8,633 39 11,366 9,338 2,028 -89,767 112,711 200,450 -87,739
August ............. 9,025 9,442 -417 11,780 10,249 1,531 -87,040 117,833 203,342 -85,509
September ....... 8,821 9,149 -328 11,718 9,877 1,841 -87,183 121,115 206,457 -85,342
October ............ 8,452 9,062 -610 12,078 9,931 2,147 -89,311 132,348 219,513 -87,164
November ........ 8,061 8,751 -690 12,382 9,734 2,648 -88,708 126,614 212,675 -86,060
December ........ 10,212 9,959 253 14,923 11,255 3,668 -86,847 132,194 215,373 -83,179
Total ................ 110,068 113,092 -3,024 149,612 122,568 27,044 -938,100 1,424,935 2,335,991 -911,056

2021 January ............ 10,253 10,941 -688 15,148 12,051 3,097 -80,055 127,860 204,818 -76,958
February .......... 8,965 10,696 -1,731 16,061 12,611 3,450 -73,253 124,010 193,813 -69,803
March ............... 10,317 14,638 -4,321 15,977 15,835 142 -85,758 151,723 237,339 -85,616
April ................. 12,471 15,069 -2,598 17,790 15,960 1,830 -84,502 144,178 226,850 -82,672
May .................. 12,091 16,774 -4,683 17,483 17,784 -301 -85,769 144,841 230,911 -86,070
June ................. 14,574 18,494 -3,920 20,128 19,576 552 -95,704 147,636 242,788 -95,152
July .................. 13,826 18,458 -4,632 19,905 19,968 -63 -93,731 144,103 237,897 -93,794
August ............. 14,625 18,819 -4,194 21,142 20,259 883 R -98,412 R 148,176 R 245,705 R -97,529
September ....... 12,102 18,476 -6,374 18,801 19,745 -944 -101,589 141,830 244,363 -102,533
9-Month Total 109,224 142,365 -33,141 162,434 153,788 8,646 -798,773 1,274,356 2,064,483 -790,127

2020 9-Month Total 83,343 85,321 -1,979 110,229 91,648 18,580 -673,232 1,033,779 1,688,431 -654,652
2019 9-Month Total 114,244 145,453 -31,209 144,806 154,280 -9,474 -635,332 1,228,508 1,873,313 -644,805

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. components due to independent rounding. • The U.S. import statistics reflect
b Through 2010, data are for crude oil, petroleum preparations, liquefied both government and nongovernment imports of merchandise from foreign
propane and butane, and other mineral fuels. Beginning in 2011, data are for countries into the U.S. customs territory, which comprises the 50 states, the
petroleum products and preparations. District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
c Petroleum, coal, natural gas, and electricity. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary
R=Revised. (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in
Notes: • Monthly data are not adjusted for seasonal variations. • See Note 1974.
1, "Merchandise Trade Value," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  15 
Figure 1.6  Cost of Fuels to End Users In Real (1982‐1984) Dollars 
 

Costs, 1960–2020
30

25
Residential Electricity [a]
Dollars per Million Btu

20

15

10
Motor Gasoline [a]

5 Residential Heating Oil [b]

Residential Natural Gas [a]

0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Costs, August 2021 Residential Electricity, [a] Monthly

18 6

14.99
15
Cents per Kilowatthour
Dollars per Million Btu

12 4
10.18

9
7.37
2
6

3 2019 2020 2021

0
0 J F M A M J J A S O N D
Residential Motor Residential Natural
Electricity [a] Gasoline [a] Gas [a]
 
 

Motor Gasoline, [a] Monthly Residential Natural Gas, [a] Monthly

1.50 10
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

1.25
8
Dollars per Gallon

1.00
6
0.75
4
0.50

2
0.25
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021

0.00 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

 
 

[a] Includes Taxes.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. 
[b] Excludes Taxes.  Source:  Tables 1.6. 
Note: See “Real Dollars” in Glossary. 

16  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982–1984) Dollars
Consumer Price Index, Residential Residential Residential
All Urban Consumersa Motor Gasolineb Heating Oilc Natural Gasb Electricityb

Dollars per
Index Dollars per Dollars per Dollars per Dollars per Thousand Dollars per Cents per Dollars per
1982–1984=100 Gallon Million Btu Gallon Million Btu Cubic Feet Million Btu Kilowatthour Million Btu

1960 Average .................. 29.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA 8.8 25.74

1965 Average .................. 31.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.6 22.33
1970 Average .................. 38.8 NA NA NA NA 2.81 2.72 5.7 16.62
1975 Average .................. 53.8 NA NA NA NA 3.18 3.12 6.5 19.07
1981 Average .................. 90.9 1.488 11.90 1.314 9.47 4.72 4.60 6.8 19.99
1986 Average .................. 109.6 0.849 6.79 0.763 5.50 5.32 5.17 6.77 19.84
1991 Average .................. 136.2 0.878 7.02 0.748 5.39 4.27 4.14 5.90 17.30
1996 Average .................. 156.9 0.821 6.62 0.630 4.54 4.04 3.94 5.33 15.62
2001 Average .................. 177.1 0.864 6.98 0.706 5.09 5.44 5.28 4.84 14.20
2002 Average .................. 179.9 0.801 6.47 0.628 4.52 4.39 4.28 4.69 13.75
2003 Average .................. 184.0 0.890 7.19 0.736 5.31 5.23 5.09 4.74 13.89
2004 Average .................. 188.9 1.018 8.23 0.819 5.91 5.69 5.55 4.74 13.89
2005 Average .................. 195.3 1.197 9.68 1.051 7.58 6.50 6.33 4.84 14.18
2006 Average .................. 201.6 1.307 10.59 1.173 8.46 6.81 6.63 5.16 15.12
2007 Average .................. 207.3 1.374 11.22 1.250 9.01 6.31 6.14 5.14 15.05
2008 Average .................. 215.303 1.541 12.67 1.495 10.78 6.45 6.28 5.23 15.33
2009 Average .................. 214.537 1.119 9.23 1.112 8.02 5.66 5.52 5.37 15.72
2010 Average .................. 218.056 1.301 10.78 1.283 9.25 5.22 5.11 5.29 15.51
2011 Average .................. 224.939 1.590 13.19 NA NA 4.90 4.80 5.21 15.27
2012 Average .................. 229.594 1.609 13.35 NA NA 4.64 4.53 5.17 15.17
2013 Average .................. 232.957 1.538 12.77 NA NA 4.43 4.31 5.21 15.26
2014 Average .................. 236.736 1.447 12.01 NA NA 4.63 4.49 5.29 15.50
2015 Average .................. 237.017 1.059 8.80 NA NA 4.38 4.22 5.34 15.64
2016 Average .................. 240.007 0.918 7.63 NA NA 4.19 4.03 5.23 15.33
2017 Average .................. 245.120 1.007 8.37 NA NA 4.45 4.29 5.26 15.41
2018 Average .................. 251.107 1.113 9.25 NA NA 4.18 4.03 5.13 15.02

2019 January .................... 251.712 0.934 7.77 NA NA 3.72 3.58 4.95 14.52
February ................. 252.776 0.954 7.93 NA NA 3.72 3.58 5.03 14.75
March ....................... 254.202 1.031 8.57 NA NA 3.71 3.56 5.05 14.80
April ......................... 255.548 1.132 9.41 NA NA 4.25 4.08 5.18 15.20
May .......................... 256.092 1.157 9.62 NA NA 4.98 4.79 5.20 15.23
June ......................... 256.143 1.099 9.13 NA NA 6.09 5.86 5.20 15.24
July .......................... 256.571 1.105 9.19 NA NA 6.91 6.65 5.17 15.15
August ..................... 256.558 1.059 8.80 NA NA 7.16 6.88 5.18 15.19
September ............... 256.759 1.049 8.72 NA NA 6.86 6.59 5.13 15.02
October .................... 257.346 1.065 8.85 NA NA 4.86 4.67 4.98 14.59
November ................ 257.208 1.045 8.68 NA NA 3.63 3.49 5.07 14.85
December ................ 256.974 1.032 8.58 NA NA 3.62 3.48 4.93 14.46
Average .................. 255.657 1.055 8.77 NA NA 4.11 3.95 5.09 14.91

2020 January .................... 257.971 1.020 8.48 NA NA 3.66 3.52 4.96 14.53
February .................. 258.678 0.978 8.13 NA NA 3.55 3.42 4.97 14.56
March ....................... 258.115 0.904 7.52 NA NA 3.80 3.65 5.07 14.85
April ......................... 256.389 0.759 6.31 NA NA 4.06 3.91 5.18 15.18
May .......................... 256.394 0.759 6.31 NA NA 4.60 4.43 5.13 15.03
June ......................... 257.797 0.830 6.90 NA NA 5.95 5.72 5.15 15.09
July .......................... 259.101 0.866 7.20 NA NA 6.75 6.50 5.11 14.99
August ..................... 259.918 0.864 7.18 NA NA 7.03 6.77 5.12 15.01
September ............... 260.280 0.868 7.22 NA NA 6.47 6.23 5.20 15.25
October .................... 260.388 0.856 7.11 NA NA 4.71 4.53 5.26 15.42
November ................ 260.229 0.830 6.90 NA NA 4.22 4.06 5.13 15.04
December ................ 260.474 0.858 7.13 NA NA 3.74 3.60 4.91 14.40
Average .................. 258.811 0.866 7.20 NA NA 4.17 4.01 5.10 14.95

2021 January .................... 261.582 0.914 7.60 NA NA 3.70 3.56 4.85 14.22
February .................. 263.014 0.973 8.09 NA NA 3.54 3.41 5.07 14.87
March ....................... 264.877 1.078 8.96 NA NA 3.97 3.82 5.02 14.71
April ......................... 267.054 1.089 9.05 NA NA 4.59 4.41 5.15 15.10
May .......................... 269.195 1.130 9.39 NA NA 5.25 5.05 5.09 14.93
June ......................... 271.696 1.194 9.93 NA NA 6.53 6.28 5.10 14.94
July .......................... 273.003 1.218 10.13 NA NA 7.30 7.03 5.09 14.92
August ..................... 273.567 1.225 10.18 NA NA R 7.66 R 7.37 R 5.11 R 14.99
September ............... 274.310 1.225 10.19 NA NA NA NA NA NA
October .................... 276.589 1.257 10.45 NA NA NA NA NA NA

a Data are U.S. city averages for all items, and are not seasonally adjusted. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
b Includes taxes. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1960 and monthly data
c Excludes taxes. beginning in 1995.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. Sources: • Fuel Prices: Tables 9.4 (All Grades), 9.8, and 9.10, adjusted by the
Notes: • See "Real Dollars" in Glossary. • Fuel costs are calculated by using CPI; and Monthy Energy Review, September 2012, Table 9.8c. • Consumer Price
the Urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) developed by the Bureau of Labor Index, All Urban Consumers: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics. • Annual averages may not equal average of months due to Statistics, series ID CUUR0000SA0. • Conversion Factors: Tables A1, A3, A4,
independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of and A6.
Columbia.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  17 
Figure 1.7  Primary Energy Consumption and Energy Expenditures Indicators 
 

Energy Consumption per Capita, 1949–2020

400

300
Million Btu

200

100

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar [a] of Gross Domestic Product, 1949–2020
20
Thousand Btu per Chaned (2012) Dollar[a]

15

10

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Energy Expenditures as Share of Gross Domestic Product and Gross Output,[b] 1970–2019
16

Share of GDP

12
Percent

8 Share of Gross Output

0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
 

[a] See “Chained Dollars” and “Real Dollars” in Glossary.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. 
[b] Gross output is the value of gross domestic product (GDP) plus the value  Source:  Table 1.7. 
of intermediate inputs used to produce GDP.  

18  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and
Carbon Dioxide Emissions Indicators
Primary Energy Consumptiona Energy Expendituresb Carbon Dioxide Emissionsc

Consumption Expenditures Emissions

Consump- per Expendi- Expenditures as Share per
Consump- tion Real Dollard Expendi- tures as Share of Gross Emissions Real Dollard
tion per Capita of GDPe tures per Capita of GDPe Outputf Emissions per Capita of GDPe

Metric Tons
Thousand Million Metric Carbon Dioxide
Btu per Million Metric Tons Tons per Million
Quadrillion Million Chained (2012) Nominal Nominal Carbon Carbon Chained (2012)
Btu Btu Dollard Dollarsg Dollarsg Percent Percent Dioxide Dioxide Dollarsd

1950 .............. 34.599 227 15.11 NA NA NA NA 2,382 15.6 1,040

1955 .............. 40.178 242 13.99 NA NA NA NA 2,685 16.2 935
1960 .............. 45.041 249 13.82 NA NA NA NA 2,914 16.1 894
1965 .............. 53.953 278 12.94 NA NA NA NA 3,462 17.8 830
1970 .............. 67.817 331 13.70 82,875 404 7.7 4.4 4,261 20.8 861
1975 .............. 71.931 333 12.74 171,854 796 10.2 5.6 4,428 20.5 784
1980 .............. 78.021 343 11.54 374,350 1,647 13.1 6.9 4,756 20.9 704
1981 .............. 76.057 331 10.97 427,901 1,865 13.3 7.1 4,637 20.2 669
1982 .............. 73.046 315 10.73 426,482 1,841 12.8 6.9 4,404 19.0 647
1983 .............. 72.915 312 10.24 417,622 1,786 11.5 6.3 4,384 18.8 616
1984 .............. 76.571 325 10.03 435,313 1,846 10.8 6.0 4,613 19.6 604
1985 .............. 76.334 321 9.60 438,343 1,842 10.1 5.6 4,605 19.4 579
1986 .............. 76.599 319 9.31 384,091 1,599 8.4 4.8 4,616 19.2 561
1987 .............. 79.008 326 9.28 397,627 1,641 8.2 4.6 4,776 19.7 561
1988 .............. 82.659 338 9.32 411,568 1,683 7.9 4.4 4,998 20.4 564
1989 .............. 84.740 343 9.22 439,051 1,779 7.8 4.4 5,085 20.6 553
1990 .............. 84.433 338 9.02 474,652 1,901 8.0 4.5 5,038 20.2 538
1991 .............. 84.380 334 9.02 472,440 1,867 7.7 4.4 4,993 19.7 534
1992 .............. 85.725 334 8.85 476,845 1,859 7.3 4.2 5,094 19.9 526
1993 .............. 87.266 336 8.77 492,275 1,894 7.2 4.1 5,186 20.0 521
1994 .............. 88.983 338 8.60 504,856 1,919 6.9 3.9 5,263 20.0 508
1995 .............. 90.931 341 8.55 514,624 1,933 6.7 3.8 5,324 20.0 501
1996 .............. 93.935 349 8.52 560,293 2,080 6.9 3.9 5,518 20.5 500
1997 .............. 94.507 347 8.20 567,962 2,083 6.6 3.7 5,589 20.5 485
1998 .............. 94.920 344 7.88 526,283 1,908 5.8 3.2 5,637 20.4 468
1999 .............. 96.545 346 7.66 558,627 2,002 5.8 3.2 5,700 20.4 452
2000 .............. 98.702 350 7.52 687,711 2,437 6.7 3.7 5,889 20.9 448
2001 .............. 96.064 337 7.24 696,242 2,443 6.6 3.7 5,778 20.3 436
2002 .............. 97.535 339 7.23 663,964 2,308 6.1 3.5 5,820 20.2 431
2003 .............. 97.835 337 7.05 755,070 2,603 6.6 3.7 5,886 20.3 424
2004 .............. 100.002 342 6.94 871,210 2,975 7.1 4.0 5,994 20.5 416
2005 .............. 100.102 339 6.71 1,045,730 3,539 8.0 4.4 6,007 20.3 403
2006 .............. 99.392 333 6.48 1,158,821 3,884 8.4 4.6 5,929 19.9 387
2007 .............. 100.893 335 6.46 1,233,869 4,096 8.5 4.7 6,016 20.0 385
2008 .............. 98.754 325 6.33 1,408,759 4,633 9.6 5.2 5,823 19.1 373
2009 .............. 93.942 306 6.18 1,066,293 3,476 7.4 4.3 5,404 17.6 355
2010 .............. 97.513 315 6.25 1,214,085 3,925 8.1 4.6 5,594 18.1 359
2011 .............. 96.870 311 6.12 1,392,316 4,469 9.0 5.0 5,455 17.5 344
2012 .............. 94.383 301 5.83 1,354,981 4,317 8.4 4.6 5,236 16.7 323
2013 .............. 97.125 307 5.89 1,376,234 4,354 8.2 4.5 5,359 17.0 325
2014 .............. 98.288 309 5.81 1,395,254 4,382 8.0 4.4 5,414 17.0 320
2015 .............. 97.392 304 5.59 1,128,234 3,518 6.2 3.5 5,262 16.4 302
2016 .............. 97.363 301 5.49 1,038,672 3,215 5.5 3.2 5,169 16.0 292
2017 .............. 97.634 300 5.38 1,136,211 3,495 5.8 3.3 5,131 15.8 283
2018 .............. 101.203 310 5.42 1,271,633 3,891 6.2 3.5 5,277 16.1 282
2019 .............. 100.434 306 5.26 1,223,852 3,728 5.7 3.2 5,144 15.7 269
2020 .............. 93.134 283 5.06 NA NA NA NA 4,575 13.9 248

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. Calculated as energy consumption divided by U.S. population (see Table C1).
b Expenditures include taxes where data are available. • Consumption per Real Dollar of GDP: Calculated as energy consumption
c Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 11.1. divided by U.S. gross domestic product in chained (2012) dollars (see Table C1).
d See "Chained Dollars" and "Real Dollars" in Glossary. • Expenditures: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Price and
e See "Gross Domestic Product (GDP)" in Glossary. Expenditure Estimates, 1970 Through 2018" (June 2020), U.S. Table ET1.
fGross output is the value of GDP plus the value of intermediate inputs used to • Expenditures per Capita: Calculated as energy expenditures divided by U.S.
produce GDP. Through 1996, data have been adjusted by EIA based on population (see Table C1). • Expenditures as Share of GDP: Calculated as
DOC/BEA’s 2012 comprehensive revision. energy expenditures divided by U.S. gross domestic product in nominal dollars (see
g See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. Table C1). • Expenditures as Share of Gross Output: Calculated as energy
NA=Not available. expenditures divided by U.S. gross output (see Table C1). • Emissions:
Notes: • Data are estimates. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the 1949–1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2011,
District of Columbia. Table 11.1. 1973 forward—Table 11.1. • Emissions per Capita: Calculated as
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel carbon dioxide emissions divided by U.S. population (see Table C1). • Emissions
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949. per Real Dollar of GDP: Calculated as carbon dioxide emissions divided by U.S.
Sources: • Consumption: Table 1.3. • Consumption per Capita: gross domestic product in chained (2012) dollars (see Table C1).
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  19 
Figure 1.8  Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, 1949‐2019 
 

Mileage
40
Thousand Miles per Vehicle

30
Heavy Duty Trucks [c]

20

Light Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbase [b]

10
Light Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase [a]

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
 
 

Fuel Consumption
5 Heavy Duty Trucks [c]
Thousand Gallons per Vehicle

1 Light Duty Vehicles - Long Wheelbase [b]

Light Duty Vehicles - Short Wheelbase [a]

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
 
 

Fuel Economy
30

25
Light Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase [a]

20
Miles per Gallon

15 Light Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbase [b]

10

5
Heavy Duty Trucks [c]

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
 
 

[a] Through 1989, data are for passenger cars and motorcycles.  For 1990–2006,  tires,  combination  trucks,  and  other  vehicles  with  2  axles  and  4  tires  that 
data  are  for  passenger  cars  only.  Beginning  in  2007,  data  are  for  light‐duty  are not passenger cars.  For 1966–2006 data are for single‐unit truck with 2 
vehicles  (passenger  cars,  light  trucks,  vans,  and  sport  utility  vehicles)  with  a  axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks.  Beginning in 2007, data 
wheelbase less than or equal to 121 inches.  are for single‐unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires (or a gross vehicle 
[b] For 1966–2000, data are for  vans, pickup trucks,  and sport utility vehicles.  weight rating exceeding 10,000 pounds), and combination trucks. 
Beginning in 2007, data are for light‐duty vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks,  Note: Through 1965, “Light‐Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbase” data are 
included in “Heavy‐Duty Trucks.” 
vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a wheelbase greater than 121 inches. 
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. 
[c]  For  1949–1965,  data  are  for  single‐unit  trucks  with  2  axles  and  6  or  more 
Source: Table 1.8.  

20  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy
Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Vehicles,
Short Wheelbasea Long Wheelbaseb Heavy-Duty Trucksc All Motor Vehiclesd

Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel

Mileage Consumption Economy Mileage Consumption Economy Mileage Consumption Economy Mileage Consumption Economy

Miles per Gallons Miles per Miles per Gallons Miles per Miles per Gallons Miles per Miles per Gallons Miles per
Vehicle per Vehicle Gallon Vehicle per Vehicle Gallon Vehicle per Vehicle Gallon Vehicle per Vehicle Gallon

1950 .......... 9,060 603 15.0 (e) (e) (e) 10,316 1,229 8.4 9,321 725 12.8
1955 .......... 9,447 645 14.6 (e) (e) (e) 10,576 1,293 8.2 9,661 761 12.7
1960 .......... 9,518 668 14.3 (e) (e) (e) 10,693 1,333 8.0 9,732 784 12.4
1965 .......... 9,603 661 14.5 (e) (e) (e) 10,851 1,387 7.8 9,826 787 12.5
1970 .......... 9,989 737 13.5 8,676 866 10.0 13,565 2,467 5.5 9,976 830 12.0
1975 .......... 9,309 665 14.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,627 790 12.2
1980 .......... 8,813 551 16.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,458 712 13.3
1981 .......... 8,873 538 16.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,477 697 13.6
1982 .......... 9,050 535 16.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,644 686 14.1
1983 .......... 9,118 534 17.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,760 686 14.2
1984 .......... 9,248 530 17.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,017 691 14.5
1985 .......... 9,419 538 17.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,020 685 14.6
1986 .......... 9,464 543 17.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,143 692 14.7
1987 .......... 9,720 539 18.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,453 694 15.1
1988 .......... 9,972 531 18.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,721 688 15.6
1989 .......... 10,157 533 19.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,932 688 15.9
1990 .......... 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,107 677 16.4
1991 .......... 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,294 669 16.9
1992 .......... 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,558 683 16.9
1993 .......... 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,595 693 16.7
1994 .......... 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,683 698 16.7
1995 .......... 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,793 700 16.8
1996 .......... 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,813 700 16.9
1997 .......... 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,107 711 17.0
1998 .......... 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,211 721 16.9
1999 .......... 11,848 553 21.4 11,957 701 17.0 26,014 4,352 6.0 12,206 732 16.7
2000 .......... 11,976 547 21.9 11,672 669 17.4 25,617 4,391 5.8 12,164 720 16.9
2001 .......... 11,831 534 22.1 11,204 636 17.6 26,602 4,477 5.9 11,887 695 17.1
2002 .......... 12,202 555 22.0 11,364 650 17.5 27,071 4,642 5.8 12,171 719 16.9
2003 .......... 12,325 556 22.2 11,287 697 16.2 28,093 4,215 6.7 12,208 718 17.0
2004 .......... 12,460 553 22.5 11,184 690 16.2 27,023 4,057 6.7 12,200 714 17.1
2005 .......... 12,510 567 22.1 10,920 617 17.7 26,235 4,385 6.0 12,082 706 17.1
2006 .......... 12,485 554 22.5 10,920 612 17.8 25,231 4,304 5.9 12,017 698 17.2
2007 .......... a 10,710 a 468 a 22.9 b 14,970 b 877 b 17.1 c 28,290 c 4,398 6.4 11,915 693 17.2
2008 .......... 10,290 435 23.7 15,256 880 17.3 28,573 4,387 6.5 11,631 667 17.4
2009 .......... 10,391 442 23.5 15,252 882 17.3 26,274 4,037 6.5 11,631 661 17.6
2010 .......... 10,650 456 23.3 15,474 901 17.2 26,604 4,180 6.4 11,866 681 17.4
2011 .......... 11,150 481 23.2 12,007 702 17.1 26,054 4,128 6.3 11,652 665 17.5
2012 .......... 11,262 484 23.3 11,885 694 17.1 25,255 3,973 6.4 11,707 665 17.6
2013 .......... 11,244 480 23.4 11,712 683 17.2 25,951 4,086 6.4 11,679 663 17.6
2014 .......... 11,048 476 23.2 12,138 710 17.1 25,594 4,036 6.3 11,621 666 17.5
2015 .......... 11,327 475 23.9 11,855 684 17.3 24,979 3,904 6.4 11,742 656 17.9
2016 .......... 11,370 475 24.0 11,991 689 17.4 25,037 3,904 6.4 11,810 658 17.9
2017 .......... 11,467 474 24.2 11,543 659 17.5 24,335 3,758 6.5 11,789 653 18.1
2018 .......... 11,576 475 24.4 11,486 643 17.9 23,037 3,507 6.6 11,843 651 18.2
2019 .......... 11,599 481 24.1 11,263 640 17.6 22,930 3,488 6.6 11,797 651 18.1

a Through 1989, data are for passenger cars and motorcycles. For 1990–2006, 10,000 pounds), and combination trucks.
data are for passenger cars only. Beginning in 2007, data are for light-duty d Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed.
vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a e Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."
wheelbase less than or equal to 121 inches. Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
b For 1966–2006, data are for vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
Beginning in 2007, data are for light-duty vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks, and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a wheelbase greater than 121 inches. Sources: • Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase: 1990–1994—U.S.
c For 1949–1965, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National
combination trucks, and other vehicles with 2 axles and 4 tires that are not Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13. • All Other Data:
passenger cars. For 1966–2006, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 1949–1994—Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics
or more tires, and combination trucks. Beginning in 2007, data are for single-unit Summary to 1995, Table VM-201A. 1995 forward—FHWA, Highway Statistics,
trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires (or a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding annual reports, Table VM-1.
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  21 
Table 1.9 Heating Degree Days by Census Division
New Middle East North West North South East South West South United
Englanda Atlanticb Centralc Centrald Atlantice Centralf Centralg Mountainh Pacifici States

1950 Total .................... 6,794 6,324 7,027 7,455 3,521 3,547 2,277 6,341 3,906 5,367
1955 Total .................... 6,872 6,231 6,486 6,912 3,508 3,513 2,294 6,704 4,320 5,246
1960 Total .................... 6,828 6,391 6,908 7,184 3,780 4,134 2,767 6,281 3,799 5,404
1965 Total .................... 7,029 6,393 6,587 6,932 3,372 3,501 2,237 6,086 3,819 5,146
1970 Total .................... 7,022 6,388 6,721 7,090 3,452 3,823 2,558 6,119 3,726 5,218
1975 Total .................... 6,547 5,892 6,406 6,880 2,970 3,437 2,312 6,260 4,117 4,905
1980 Total .................... 7,071 6,477 6,975 6,836 3,378 3,964 2,494 5,554 3,539 5,080
1985 Total .................... 6,749 5,971 6,668 7,262 2,899 3,660 2,535 6,059 3,935 4,889
1990 Total .................... 5,987 5,252 5,780 6,137 2,307 2,942 1,968 5,391 3,603 4,180
1995 Total .................... 6,684 6,093 6,740 6,911 2,988 3,648 2,147 5,101 3,269 4,640
2000 Total .................... 6,625 5,999 6,315 6,500 2,905 3,551 2,153 4,971 3,460 4,494
2005 Total .................... 6,644 5,950 6,222 6,213 2,775 3,380 1,985 4,896 3,377 4,348
2006 Total .................... 5,885 5,211 5,703 5,821 2,475 3,211 1,802 4,915 3,557 4,040
2007 Total .................... 6,537 5,756 6,074 6,384 2,525 3,187 2,105 4,939 3,506 4,268
2008 Total .................... 6,434 5,782 6,677 7,118 2,712 3,600 2,125 5,233 3,566 4,494
2009 Total .................... 6,644 5,922 6,512 6,841 2,812 3,536 2,152 5,139 3,538 4,481
2010 Total .................... 5,934 5,553 6,185 6,565 3,167 3,948 2,449 5,082 3,624 4,463
2011 Total .................... 6,114 5,483 6,172 6,565 2,565 3,343 2,114 5,322 3,818 4,312
2012 Total .................... 5,561 4,970 5,356 5,515 2,306 2,876 1,650 4,574 3,411 3,769
2013 Total .................... 6,426 5,838 6,621 7,135 2,736 3,648 2,326 5,273 3,362 4,465
2014 Total .................... 6,675 6,203 7,194 7,304 2,951 3,932 2,422 4,744 2,774 4,550
2015 Total .................... 6,521 5,777 6,165 6,088 2,487 3,222 2,087 4,602 2,898 4,087
2016 Total .................... 5,929 5,353 5,701 5,786 2,456 3,094 1,752 4,619 3,031 3,878
2017 Total .................... 6,038 5,333 5,684 5,997 2,232 2,835 1,582 4,568 3,187 3,828
2018 Total .................... 6,326 5,784 6,433 6,968 2,628 3,478 2,252 4,803 3,170 4,279
2019 January ................ 1,221 1,153 1,303 1,360 584 748 545 897 542 862
February .............. 1,030 942 1,062 1,285 378 459 357 870 655 722
March ................... 976 890 961 1,002 377 505 305 671 491 634
April ..................... 527 414 475 455 110 165 78 377 275 289
May ...................... 313 189 236 273 16 24 11 317 241 159
June ..................... 55 32 49 46 2 3 0 98 60 34
July ...................... 2 1 1 8 0 0 0 15 20 5
August ................. 16 10 20 32 0 0 0 17 12 10
September ........... 118 58 43 68 2 1 0 96 64 41
October ................ 389 303 390 526 78 128 84 482 239 255
November ............ 831 790 913 924 393 573 346 621 371 591
December ............ 1,060 972 975 1,098 451 573 418 874 575 718
Total .................... 6,538 5,753 6,428 7,078 2,390 3,180 2,145 5,333 3,545 4,320
2020 January ................ R 1,032 956 1,051 1,224 R 481 R 634 430 852 563 741
February .............. 923 R 839 1,002 1,071 397 R 553 401 R 766 448 654
March ................... 777 R 668 R 733 745 232 293 139 R 603 526 R 485
April ..................... 655 R 566 567 533 R 177 248 89 415 309 R 360
May ...................... R 288 R 249 256 R 246 74 86 13 R 186 R 148 157
June ..................... R 29 18 23 21 2 3 0 74 70 26
July ...................... 1 0 1 6 0 0 0 14 19 5
August ................. 10 4 13 R 19 0 0 0 9 R 16 7
September ........... 104 81 R 112 142 17 20 7 R 105 R 30 59
October ................ 396 R 337 R 464 R 556 96 R 156 84 327 133 R 249
November ............ R 614 547 599 663 227 R 345 R 176 567 413 423
December ............ 984 R 943 R 1,036 R 1,098 R 557 R 726 478 R 886 R 543 R 752
Total .................... R 5,812 R 5,209 R 5,856 R 6,322 R 2,262 R 3,062 1,818 R 4,805 R 3,218 3,917

2021 January ................ 1,121 1,066 1,147 1,181 579 R 737 R 514 R 877 R 551 805
February .............. R 1,051 1,015 1,248 1,376 R 485 R 716 581 783 R 493 794
March ................... R 837 R 734 R 690 673 284 R 337 199 R 645 R 520 508
April ..................... 518 R 440 R 450 R 481 R 154 229 103 R 407 R 285 309
May ...................... R 246 R 216 R 244 R 226 56 83 18 221 R 171 151
June ..................... 14 10 15 14 1 1 0 35 28 12
July ...................... 13 4 7 8 0 0 0 R4 10 5
August ................. 3 2 5 12 0 0 0 23 14 6
8-Month Total ..... 3,805 3,487 3,805 3,970 1,560 2,103 1,417 2,995 2,071 2,590
2020 8-Month Total ..... 3,713 3,301 3,645 3,864 1,364 1,816 1,072 2,919 2,098 2,435
2019 8-Month Total ..... 4,140 3,630 4,107 4,461 1,466 1,904 1,297 3,260 2,296 2,715

a Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and daily average temperature rises above 65°F. The daily average temperature is the
Vermont. mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period. For
b New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. example, a weather station recording an average daily temperature of 40°F would
c Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. report 25 heating degree days for that day (and 0 cooling degree days).
d Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South If a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of 78°F, cooling degree
Dakota. days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating degree days). • Totals may not
e Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland (and the District of Columbia), North equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
f Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
g Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
h Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and beginning in 1973.
Wyoming. Sources: State-level degree day data are from U.S. Department of
i Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
R=Revised. Centers for Environmental Information. Using these state-level data, the
Notes: • Degree days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature U.S. Energy Information Administration calculates population-weighted
used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Heating degree census-division and U.S. degree day averages using state populations from
days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature falls below 65 the same year the degree days are measured. See methodology at
degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Cooling degree days are the number of degrees that the http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/special/pdf/2012_sp_04.pdf.
 
 

22  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.10 Cooling Degree Days by Census Division
New Middle East North West North South East South West South United
Englanda Atlanticb Centralc Centrald Atlantice Centralf Centralg Mountainh Pacifici States

1950 Total .................... 295 401 505 647 1,414 1,420 2,282 682 629 871
1955 Total .................... 532 761 922 1,139 1,636 1,674 2,508 780 558 1,144
1960 Total .................... 318 487 626 871 1,583 1,532 2,367 974 796 1,000
1965 Total .................... 310 498 618 832 1,613 1,552 2,461 780 577 979
1970 Total .................... 423 615 747 980 1,744 1,571 2,282 971 734 1,079
1975 Total .................... 422 584 721 937 1,791 1,440 2,162 903 597 1,049
1980 Total .................... 438 680 769 1,158 1,911 1,754 2,651 1,071 653 1,214
1985 Total .................... 324 509 602 780 1,878 1,522 2,519 1,095 761 1,121
1990 Total .................... 429 562 602 913 2,054 1,563 2,526 1,212 838 1,200
1995 Total .................... 471 704 877 928 2,028 1,613 2,398 1,213 794 1,261
2000 Total .................... 279 458 632 983 1,925 1,674 2,775 1,480 772 1,232
2005 Total .................... 598 892 944 1,063 2,098 1,676 2,647 1,372 777 1,388
2006 Total .................... 485 693 734 1,034 2,053 1,648 2,786 1,466 922 1,360
2007 Total .................... 447 694 881 1,102 2,219 1,892 2,475 1,564 828 1,392
2008 Total .................... 462 667 683 818 1,993 1,537 2,501 1,385 918 1,282
2009 Total .................... 350 524 534 698 2,029 1,479 2,590 1,393 894 1,241
2010 Total .................... 635 908 964 1,096 2,269 1,977 2,757 1,358 674 1,456
2011 Total .................... 554 836 859 1,074 2,259 1,727 3,112 1,450 736 1,470
2012 Total .................... 565 815 974 1,221 2,162 1,762 2,915 1,573 917 1,495
2013 Total .................... 540 683 690 892 2,000 1,441 2,536 1,462 892 1,306
2014 Total .................... 420 596 610 814 2,009 1,493 2,474 1,431 1,068 1,299
2015 Total .................... 555 804 729 942 2,405 1,718 2,741 1,478 1,068 1,488
2016 Total .................... 626 888 958 1,073 2,412 1,957 2,882 1,497 928 1,559
2017 Total .................... 450 661 709 911 2,254 1,585 2,718 1,548 1,053 1,428
2018 Total .................... 667 885 972 1,134 2,418 1,928 2,856 1,573 1,002 1,585
2019 January ................ 0 0 0 0 29 5 12 0 8 9
February .............. 0 0 0 0 67 14 24 0 6 18
March ................... 0 0 0 0 56 10 36 10 8 18
April ..................... 0 0 1 6 101 31 91 50 26 42
May ...................... 3 31 47 42 293 220 291 56 24 129
June ..................... 63 112 127 175 360 300 439 230 116 226
July ...................... 275 325 320 320 480 429 549 392 210 372
August ................. 166 218 195 224 441 408 625 382 246 335
September ........... 28 88 135 182 374 382 523 205 132 242
October ................ 0 8 7 2 203 80 139 48 41 75
November ............ 0 0 0 0 53 1 16 11 16 16
December ............ 0 0 0 0 51 6 13 0 10 14
Total .................... 535 783 831 951 2,508 1,886 2,758 1,383 843 1,495
2020 January ................ 0 0 0 0 R 47 13 R 30 0 9 15
February .............. 0 0 0 0 46 4 R 13 2 8 12
March ................... 0 0 2 6 R 102 56 132 8 8 42
April ..................... 0 0 0 1 108 21 105 43 19 42
May ...................... 3 11 32 37 R 165 107 279 R 158 65 105
June ..................... R 99 R 146 186 R 256 R 341 R 297 R 458 262 111 246
July ...................... 292 363 R 335 343 R 500 R 463 R 602 R 412 R 212 R 397
August ................. R 215 261 R 218 R 246 R 453 R 388 R 577 R 437 292 355
September ........... 35 R 59 54 72 R 271 211 R 325 226 R 210 R 179
October ................ 0 4 2 3 R 183 R 67 R 132 102 R 97 R 81
November ............ 0 0 0 0 R 92 13 70 15 16 R 31
December ............ 0 0 0 0 21 1 8 0 10 7
Total .................... R 644 R 845 R 829 R 964 R 2,330 R 1,642 R 2,731 R 1,665 R 1,057 R 1,513

2021 January ................ 0 0 0 0 30 6 R 15 0 10 10

February .............. 0 0 0 0 49 1 4 3 7 12
March ................... 0 0 2 8 71 34 71 7 8 28
April ..................... 0 0 0 3 80 19 R 85 R 58 24 36
May ...................... 8 R 18 35 43 188 R 111 R 229 125 R 53 R 101
June ..................... R 136 167 215 265 R 347 307 457 R 346 R 176 R 274
July ...................... 159 R 253 238 R 302 R 437 R 400 R 515 R 413 R 296 R 347
August ................. 240 289 286 298 456 413 556 329 251 358
8-Month Total ..... 542 727 776 920 1,657 1,290 1,933 1,281 824 1,165
2020 8-Month Total ..... 610 782 772 890 1,763 1,351 2,195 1,322 724 1,214
2019 8-Month Total ..... 507 687 690 766 1,827 1,418 2,067 1,120 644 1,149

a Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and daily average temperature falls below 65°F. The daily average temperature is the
Vermont. mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period. For
b New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. example, if a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of 78°F,
c Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. cooling degree days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating degree days). A
d Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South weather station recording an average daily temperature of 40°F would report 25
Dakota. heating degree days for that day (and 0 cooling degree days).
e Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland (and the District of Columbia), North • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
f Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
g Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
h Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and beginning in 1973.
Wyoming. Sources: State-level degree day data are from U.S. Department of
i Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
R=Revised. Centers for Environmental Information. Using these state-level data, the
Notes: • Degree days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature U.S. Energy Information Administration calculates population-weighted
used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Cooling degree census-division and U.S. degree day averages using state populations from
days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature rises above 65 the same year the degree days are measured. See methodology at
degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Heating degree days are the number of degrees that the http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/special/pdf/2012_sp_04.pdf.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  23 
Table 1.11a Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels in Physical Units
Petroleum

Asphalt Hydrocarbon Petro-

Natural and Gas chemical Petroleum Special
Coal Gas Road Oil Liquidsa Lubricants Feedstocksb Coke Naphthas Otherc Total

Thousand Billion
Short Tons Cubic Feet Thousand Barrels per Day

1973 Total .................... 3,523 898 522 684 162 356 45 88 88 1,945
1975 Total .................... 3,105 761 419 654 137 320 43 75 122 1,770
1980 Total .................... 2,612 759 396 890 159 692 41 100 143 2,422
1985 Total .................... 1,536 642 425 982 145 395 46 83 95 2,173
1990 Total .................... 758 675 483 1,071 164 546 57 56 85 2,462
1995 Total .................... 921 868 486 1,357 156 590 58 37 70 2,754
1996 Total .................... 884 896 484 1,413 151 592 60 39 70 2,809
1997 Total .................... 842 909 505 1,447 160 686 58 38 72 2,966
1998 Total .................... 656 938 521 1,441 168 690 84 56 83 3,043
1999 Total .................... 654 906 547 1,578 169 651 92 76 77 3,190
2000 Total .................... 937 836 512 1,474 151 628 100 53 85 3,003
2005 Total .................... 929 761 546 1,369 141 729 106 33 75 2,997
2006 Total .................... 562 573 521 1,424 137 726 111 37 86 3,041
2007 Total .................... 556 587 494 1,444 142 664 108 41 82 2,974
2008 Total .................... 541 597 417 1,279 131 574 103 44 85 2,634
2009 Total .................... 375 513 360 1,401 118 507 95 24 85 2,591
2010 Total .................... 719 654 362 1,597 131 539 42 14 89 2,773
2011 Total .................... 730 680 355 1,639 125 520 40 12 91 2,781
2012 Total .................... 707 706 340 1,747 114 444 43 8 88 2,785
2013 Total .................... 732 721 323 1,870 121 448 40 52 93 2,948
2014 Total .................... 562 725 327 1,780 126 410 20 55 97 2,817
2015 Total .................... 520 703 343 1,918 138 378 21 52 99 2,948
2016 Total .................... 435 727 351 1,943 130 371 20 49 100 2,965
2017 Total .................... 463 746 351 2,023 121 394 19 52 103 3,062
2018 Total .................... 531 1,118 327 2,309 117 393 22 48 103 3,320

2019 January ................ 44 107 195 2,490 114 354 19 39 104 3,315
February ............. 40 97 201 2,454 105 344 6 48 94 3,252
March ................... 45 101 232 2,200 97 323 20 42 93 3,008
April ..................... 42 90 318 2,241 156 357 17 55 91 3,235
May ...................... 47 89 369 2,206 107 345 22 48 89 3,187
June ..................... 46 83 413 2,271 104 355 29 51 90 3,314
July ...................... 43 84 510 2,436 129 348 28 63 98 3,613
August ................. 43 87 507 2,365 115 386 23 51 97 3,543
September ........... 43 84 480 2,488 96 365 18 51 91 3,589
October ................ 43 90 438 2,448 130 285 18 53 90 3,462
November ............ 40 98 310 2,427 105 338 26 49 92 3,347
December ............ 44 104 198 2,431 94 387 26 47 97 3,281
Total .................... 520 1,114 348 2,371 113 349 21 50 94 3,346

2020 January ................ 42 101 190 2,405 126 381 17 46 101 3,266
February .............. 42 94 190 2,335 109 307 18 53 98 3,110
March ................... 41 92 209 2,488 80 339 17 48 95 3,275
April ..................... 35 81 300 2,110 85 327 12 56 87 2,976
May ...................... 31 79 364 2,408 83 312 15 37 81 3,299
June ..................... 35 76 508 2,456 102 305 14 47 83 3,515
July ...................... 30 80 488 2,595 112 320 17 42 93 3,667
August ................. 31 82 480 2,489 95 333 25 41 82 3,545
September ........... 31 83 421 2,435 105 316 22 40 84 3,423
October ................ 33 89 402 R 2,574 111 322 16 52 84 R 3,561
November ............ 34 91 321 R 2,829 104 325 22 41 83 R 3,725
December ............ 35 101 234 2,767 114 359 17 39 86 3,616
Total .................... 418 1,051 343 2,492 102 329 18 45 88 3,417

2021 January ................ 43 102 239 2,764 110 321 17 44 88 3,582

February .............. 39 87 201 1,747 113 260 9 29 75 2,434
March ................... 44 91 268 2,342 96 301 15 38 84 3,143
April ..................... 43 88 351 2,445 112 345 16 51 90 3,409
May ...................... 44 84 383 2,851 106 375 22 51 91 3,878
June ..................... 43 81 504 2,887 98 367 25 39 95 4,015
July ...................... 41 84 476 2,659 110 357 14 42 97 3,755
August ................. 36 85 491 2,859 95 352 24 39 93 3,954
8-Month Total ..... 333 703 366 2,579 105 335 18 42 89 3,533

2020 8-Month Total ..... 285 686 342 2,412 99 328 17 46 90 3,334
2019 8-Month Total ..... 351 739 345 2,332 116 352 21 50 95 3,310

a Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, natural gasoline, and refinery transportation sector. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
b Includes still gas not burned as refinery fuel. Columbia. • See Note 2, "Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section.
c Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary for all
R=Revised. available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Notes: • Data are estimates. • Non-combustion use estimates are included in Sources: • See Note 2, "Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of
total energy consumption. See Table 1.3. • Non-combustion estimates are all for section.
industrial sector consumption, except for some lubricants consumed by the
 
 

24  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 1.11b Heat Content of Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels
(Quadrillion Btu)
Petroleum
Percent of
Hydro- Petro- Total
Asphalt carbon chemical Petro- Energy
Natural and Gas Lubri- Feed- leum Special Consump-
Coal Gas Road Oil Liquidsa cants stocksb Coke Naphthas Otherc Total Total tion

1973 Total .................... 0.113 0.916 1.264 0.872 0.359 0.726 0.093 0.169 0.185 3.668 4.696 6.2
1975 Total .................... .099 .777 1.014 .822 .304 .652 .090 .144 .256 3.283 4.159 5.8
1980 Total .................... .084 .777 .962 1.128 .354 1.426 .086 .193 .303 4.451 5.312 6.8
1985 Total .................... .049 .662 1.029 1.194 .322 .817 .096 .159 .201 3.818 4.529 5.9
1990 Total .................... .024 .695 1.170 1.345 .362 1.123 .119 .107 .179 4.406 5.125 6.1
1995 Total .................... .029 .892 1.178 1.716 .346 1.214 .120 .071 .145 4.790 5.711 6.3
1996 Total .................... .028 .921 1.176 1.779 .335 1.209 .126 .075 .146 4.846 5.795 6.2
1997 Total .................... .027 .933 1.224 1.821 .354 1.400 .121 .072 .150 5.142 6.102 6.5
1998 Total .................... .021 .969 1.263 1.819 .371 1.403 .176 .107 .174 5.312 6.302 6.6
1999 Total .................... .021 .932 1.324 1.989 .375 1.329 .192 .145 .161 5.516 6.469 6.7
2000 Total .................... .030 .856 1.240 1.831 .334 1.272 .209 .102 .178 5.167 6.054 6.2
2005 Total .................... .030 .782 1.323 1.701 .312 1.474 .221 .063 .157 5.250 6.062 6.1
2006 Total .................... .018 .589 1.261 1.754 .303 1.477 .232 .070 .180 5.278 5.885 5.9
2007 Total .................... .018 .603 1.197 1.768 .313 1.351 .225 .078 .173 5.106 5.726 5.7
2008 Total .................... .017 .613 1.012 1.564 .291 1.172 .216 .085 .180 4.520 5.150 5.2
2009 Total .................... .012 .526 .873 1.676 .262 1.031 .199 .046 .179 4.265 4.804 5.1
2010 Total .................... .023 .669 .878 1.931 .291 1.096 .087 .026 .188 4.496 5.187 5.3
2011 Total .................... .023 .695 .859 1.947 .276 1.057 .083 .023 .193 4.437 5.156 5.3
2012 Total .................... .023 .724 .827 2.109 .254 .901 .090 .015 .187 4.382 5.128 5.4
2013 Total .................... .023 .741 .783 2.269 .268 .901 .083 .100 .197 4.601 5.366 5.5
2014 Total .................... .018 .749 .793 2.125 .280 .827 .043 .106 .205 4.379 5.146 5.2
2015 Total .................... .017 .730 .832 2.316 .305 .760 .043 .099 .208 4.563 5.310 5.5
2016 Total .................... .014 .755 .853 2.330 .289 .754 .043 .094 .212 4.574 5.344 5.5
2017 Total .................... .015 .774 .849 2.393 .267 .797 .040 .100 .217 4.663 5.452 5.6
2018 Total .................... .017 1.160 .793 2.709 .259 .794 .046 .092 .218 4.911 6.088 6.0

2019 January ................ .001 .112 .040 .248 .021 .061 .003 .006 .019 .399 .512 5.4
February ............. .001 .100 .037 .219 .018 .053 .001 .007 .015 .350 .452 5.4
March ................... .001 .105 .048 .215 .018 .055 .004 .007 .017 .363 .469 5.4
April ..................... .001 .094 .063 .211 .028 .059 .003 .009 .016 .389 .485 6.3
May ...................... .002 .093 .076 .218 .020 .059 .004 .008 .016 .401 .495 6.2
June ..................... .001 .086 .082 .222 .019 .059 .005 .008 .016 .411 .498 6.3
July ...................... .001 .087 .105 .247 .024 .060 .005 .010 .018 .469 .558 6.5
August ................. .001 .091 .104 .240 .022 .066 .004 .008 .017 .462 .554 6.5
September ........... .001 .087 .096 .244 .018 .060 .003 .008 .016 .445 .533 6.8
October ................ .001 .094 .090 .249 .025 .049 .003 .009 .016 .440 .535 6.7
November ............ .001 .102 .062 .233 .019 .056 .004 .008 .016 .398 .501 6.0
December ............ .001 .108 .041 .240 .018 .066 .005 .008 .017 .394 .504 5.6
Total .................... .017 1.159 .844 2.786 .250 .704 .044 .096 .198 4.922 6.097 6.1

2020 January ................ .001 .105 .039 .233 .024 .066 .003 .008 .018 .390 .496 5.5
February .............. .001 .098 .037 .208 .019 .050 .003 .008 .016 .341 .440 5.3
March ................... .001 .096 .043 .244 .015 .058 .003 .008 .017 .389 .486 6.2
April ..................... .001 .085 .060 .194 .015 .055 .002 .009 .015 .350 .436 6.7
May ...................... .001 .082 .075 .235 .016 .054 .003 .006 .014 .403 .486 7.1
June ..................... .001 .079 .101 .232 .019 .051 .002 .007 .014 .426 .506 6.9
July ...................... .001 .083 .100 .252 .021 .055 .003 .007 .017 .455 .539 6.6
August ................. .001 .086 .099 .247 .018 .057 .004 .007 .015 .447 .533 6.6
September ........... .001 .086 .084 .238 .019 .053 .004 .006 .015 .419 .506 6.9
October ................ .001 .092 .083 .258 .021 .055 .003 .008 .015 .444 .537 7.2
November ............ .001 .095 .064 .271 .019 .054 .004 .006 .014 .433 .529 7.0
December ............ .001 .105 .048 .275 .021 .062 .003 .006 .015 .431 .538 6.2
Total .................... .013 1.092 .832 2.888 .227 .669 .037 .087 .187 4.927 6.031 6.5

2021 January ................ .001 .106 .049 .275 .021 .055 .003 .007 .016 .426 .533 6.0
February .............. .001 .091 .037 .155 .019 .041 .001 .004 .012 .271 .363 4.5
March ................... .001 .095 .055 .234 .018 .052 .003 .006 .015 .383 .479 5.9
April ..................... .001 .091 .070 .231 .020 .057 .003 .008 .016 .404 .497 6.7
May ...................... .001 .088 .079 .283 .020 .065 .004 .008 .016 .475 .564 7.3
June ..................... .001 .084 .100 .281 .018 .061 .004 .006 .017 .487 .572 7.1
July ...................... .001 .087 .098 .263 .021 .061 .002 .007 .017 .470 .558 6.7
August ................. .001 .088 .101 .288 .018 .061 .004 .006 .017 .495 .585 6.9
8-Month Total ..... .011 .730 .590 2.010 .155 .453 .025 .053 .125 3.411 4.152 6.4

2020 8-Month Total ..... .009 .713 .554 1.845 .146 .445 .023 .059 .127 3.200 3.922 6.3
2019 8-Month Total ..... .011 .768 .556 1.820 .171 .472 .029 .063 .133 3.244 4.023 6.0

a Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, natural gasoline, and refinery independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). Columbia.• See Note 2, "Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section.
b Includes still gas not burned as refinery fuel. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary for all
c Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Notes: • Data are estimates. • Non-combustion use estimates are included in Sources: • See Note 2, "Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of
total energy consumption. See Table 1.3. • Non-combustion estimates are all for section. • Percent of Total Energy Consumption: Calculated as total
industrial sector consumption, except for some lubricants consumed by the non-combustion use of fossil fuels divided by total primary energy consumption
transportation sector. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to (see Table 1.3).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  25 
Energy Overview
Note 1. Merchandise Trade Value. Imports data presented are based on the customs values. Those values do not 
include insurance and freight and are consequently lower than the cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) values, which are 
also reported by the Bureau of the Census. All exports data, and imports data through 1980, are on a free alongside ship 
(f.a.s.) basis. 

“Balance” is exports minus imports; a positive balance indicates a surplus trade value and a negative balance indicates a 
deficit trade value. “Energy” includes mineral fuels, lubricants, and related material. “Non‐Energy Balance” and “Total 
Merchandise” include foreign exports (i.e., re‐exports) and nonmonetary gold and U.S. Department of Defense Grant‐
Aid shipments. The “Non‐Energy Balance” is calculated by subtracting the “Energy” from the “Total Merchandise 
Balance.” 

“Imports” consist of government and nongovernment shipments of merchandise into the 50 states, the District of 
Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the U.S. Foreign Trade Zones. They reflect the total arrival from 
foreign countries of merchandise that immediately entered consumption channels, warehouses, the Foreign Trade 
Zones, or the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. They exclude shipments between the United States, Puerto Rico, and U.S. 
possessions, shipments to U.S. Armed Forces and diplomatic missions abroad for their own use, U.S. goods returned to 
the United States by its Armed Forces, and in‐transit shipments. 

Note 2. Non‐Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels. Most fossil fuels consumed in the United States and elsewhere are 
combusted to produce heat and power. However, some are used directly for non‐combustion use as construction 
materials, chemical feedstocks, lubricants, solvents, and waxes. For example, coal tars from coal coke manufacturing are 
used as feedstock in the chemical industry, for metallurgical work, and in anti‐dandruff shampoos; natural gas is used to 
make nitrogenous fertilizers and as chemical feedstocks; asphalt and road oil are used for roofing and paving; 
hydrocarbon gas liquids are used to create intermediate products that are used in making plastics; lubricants, including 
motor oil and greases, are used in vehicles and various industrial processes; petrochemical feedstocks are used to make 
plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related products. 

Coal
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) assumes all non‐combustion use of coal comes from the process of 
manufacturing coal coke in the industrial sector. Among the byproducts of the process are "coal tars" or "coal liquids," 
which typically are rich in aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, and are used as chemical feedstock. EIA estimates 
non‐combustion use ratios of coal tar for 1973 forward. Prior to 1998, estimate ratios are based on coal tar production 
data from the United States International Trade Commission's Synthetic Organic Chemicals. For 1998 forward, coal tar 
production is estimated using chemicals industry coal, coke, and breeze nonfuel use data from EIA, Form EIA‐846, 
“Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey” (MECS). For Table 1.11b, coal tar values in Table 1.11a are multiplied by 
32.0067 million Btu/short ton, which is the product of 4.95 barrels/short ton (the density of coal tar) and 6.466 million 
Btu/barrel (the approximate heat content of coal tar). 

Natural Gas
EIA assumes that all non‐combustion use of natural gas takes place in the industrial sector. EIA estimates 
non‐combustion ratios of natural gas using total natural gas nonfuel use data from MECS, and natural gas used as 
feedstock for hydrogen production data from EIA, Form EIA‐820, “Annual Refinery Report.” For Table 1.11b, natural gas 
values in Table 1.11a are multiplied by the heat content factors for natural gas end‐use sectors consumption shown in 
Table A4. 

Asphalt and Road Oil

EIA assumes all asphalt and road oil consumption is for non‐combustion use. For Table 1.11b, asphalt and road oil values 
in Table 1.11a are multiplied by 6.636 million Btu/ barrel (the approximate heat content of asphalt and road oil) and the 
number of days in the period. 

26  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Distillate Fuel Oil
EIA assumes that all non‐combustion use of distillate fuel oil occurs in the industrial sector. EIA estimates 
non‐combustion ratios of distillate fuel oil using total distillate fuel oil nonfuel use data from MECS. Ratios prior to 1985 
are assumed to be equal to the 1985 ratio. For Table 1.11b, distillate fuel oil values in Table 1.11a are multiplied by the 
heat content factors for distillate fuel oil consumption shown in Table A3 and the number of days in the period. Distillate 
fuel oil is included in "other" petroleum products. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)

EIA estimates non‐combustion ratios of hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGL), which include ethane, propane, normal butane, 
isobutane, natural gasoline (pentanes plus), and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). EIA 
assumes that 100% of ethane, ethylene, and propylene consumption is for non‐combustion use; 85% of normal butane, 
butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene consumption is for non‐combustion use; and 50% of natural gasoline consumption 
is for non‐combustion use. Non‐combustion use of propane in the industrial sector is estimated using data from the 
American Petroleum Institute (API), the Propane Education & Research Council (PERC), and EIA’s Petroleum Supply 
Annual (PSA). For 1984 through 2009, propane non‐combustion ratios are estimated using API propane and propylene 
chemical industry sales data. Propane non‐combustion ratios prior to 1984 are assumed to be equal to the 1984 ratio. 
For 2010 through 2016, propane non‐combustion ratios are estimated by subtracting API data for total odorized 
propane sales from PSA data for total propane product supplied. Beginning in 2017, propane non‐combustion ratios are 
estimated by subtracting PERC data for total odorized propane sales from PSA data for total propane product supplied. 
For Table 1.11b, HGL component values are multiplied by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1 and the 
number of days in the period.  

Lubricants
EIA assumes all lubricants consumption is for non‐combustion use. For Table 1.11b, lubricants values in Table 1.11a are 
multiplied by 6.065 million Btu/barrel (the approximate heat content of lubricants) and the number of days in the 
period. 

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha

EIA assumes all naphtha for petrochemical feedstocks is for non‐combustion use. For Table 1.11b, naphtha 
petrochemical feedstock values in 1.11a are multiplied by 5.248 million Btu/barrel (the approximate heat content of 
naphtha for petrochemical feedstocks) and the number of days in the period. 

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils

EIA assumes all other oils for petrochemical feedstocks are for non‐combustion use. For Table 1.11b, other oils 
petrochemical feedstock values in 1.11a are multiplied by 5.825 million Btu/barrel (the approximate heat content of 
other oils for petrochemical feedstocks) and the number of days in the period. 

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas

EIA assumes all still gas not burned as refinery fuel or for pipeline gas supplies is for non‐combustion use. EIA estimates 
non‐combustion ratios of still gas by subtracting data for all known fuel uses (refinery fuel use from the PSA, and 
pipeline gas supplies from EIA's Natural Gas Annual) from the products supplied values in the PSA. The remainder is 
assumed to be dispatched to chemical plants as a feedstock for non‐combustion use. For Table 1.11b, still gas for 
petrochemical feedstock values in 1.11a are multiplied by the still gas heat content factors (through 2015, the still gas 
heat content factor is 6.000 million Btu per fuel oil equivalent barrel; beginning in 2016, the still gas heat content factor 
is 6.287 million Btu per residual fuel oil equivalent barrel) and the number of days in the period. 

Petroleum Coke
EIA assumes all non‐combustion use of petroleum coke occurs in the industrial sector. Examples include petroleum coke 
used in the production of chemicals and metals. EIA estimates non‐combustion ratios of petroleum coke by first 
subtracting data for petroleum coke consumed at refineries (from EIA, Form EIA‐820, “Annual Refinery Report”) from 
industrial sector petroleum coke consumption (from MER Table 3.7b), and then multiplying that amount by the nonfuel 
share of non‐refinery petroleum coke consumption (from MECS). Non‐combustion ratios prior to 1994 are assumed to 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  27 
be equal to the 1994 ratio. For Table 1.11b, petroleum coke values in 1.11a are multiplied by 5.719 million Btu/barrel 
(the approximate heat content of marketable petroleum coke) and the number of days in the period. 

Residual Fuel Oil

EIA assumes that all non‐combustion use of residual fuel oil occurs in the industrial sector. EIA estimates 
non‐combustion ratios of residual fuel oil using total minus chemicals industry residual fuel oil nonfuel use data from 
MECS. Ratios prior to 1994 are assumed to be equal to the 1994 ratio. For Table 1.11b, residual fuel oil values in Table 
1.11a are multiplied by 6.287 million Btu/barrel (the approximate heat content of residual fuel oil) and the number of 
days in the period. Residual fuel oil is included in "other" petroleum products. 

Special Naphthas
EIA assumes all special naphthas consumption is for non‐ combustion use. For Table 1.11b, special naphthas values in 
Table 1.11a are multiplied by 5.248 million Btu/barrel (the approximate heat content of special naphthas) and the 
number of days in the period. 

Waxes
EIA assumes all waxes consumption is for non‐combustion use. For Table 1.11b, waxes values in Table 1.11a are 
multiplied by 5.537 million Btu/barrel (the approximate heat content of waxes) and the number of days in the period. 
Waxes are included in "other" petroleum products. 

Miscellaneous Petroleum Products

Miscellaneous products include all finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere. EIA assumes all miscellaneous 
petroleum products consumption is for non‐combustion use. For Table 1.11b, miscellaneous petroleum products values 
in Table 1.11a are multiplied by 5.796 million Btu/barrel (the approximate heat content of miscellaneous petroleum 
products) and the number of days in the period. Miscellaneous petroleum products are included in "other" petroleum 
products. 

Table 1.2 Sources 
Coal
1949–1988: Coal production data from Table 6.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal production heat 
content factors in Table A5. 

1989 forward: Coal production data from Table 6.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal production heat 
content factors in Table A5. Waste coal supplied data from Table 6.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the waste 
coal supplied heat content factors in Table A5. Coal production (including waste coal supplied) is equal to coal 
production plus waste coal supplied. 

Natural Gas (Dry)

1949 forward:  Natural gas (dry) production data from Table 4.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas 
(dry) production heat content factors in Table A4. 

Crude Oil
1949 forward: Crude oil (including lease condensate) production data from Table 3.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying 
by the crude oil (including lease condensate) production heat content factors in Table A2. 

NGPL
1949 forward: Natural gas plant liquids (NGPL) production data from Table 3.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by 
the NGPL production heat content factors in Table A2. 

Fossil Fuels Total

1949 forward: Total fossil fuels production is the sum of the production values for coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and 
NGPL. 

28  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Nuclear Electric Power
1949 forward: Nuclear electricity net generation data from Table 7.2a are converted to Btu by multiplying by the nuclear 
heat rate factors in Table A6. 

Renewable Energy
1949 forward: Table 10.1. 

Total Primary Energy Production

1949 forward: Total primary energy production is the sum of the production values for fossil fuels, nuclear electric 
power, and renewable energy. 

Table 1.3 Sources 
Coal
1949 forward: Coal consumption data from Table 6.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total coal consumption 
heat content factors in Table A5. 

Natural Gas
1949–1979: Natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.1 are converted to Btu 
by multiplying by the total natural gas consumption heat content factors in Table A4. 

1980 forward: Natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.1 are converted to Btu 
by multiplying by the total natural gas consumption heat content factors in Table A4. Supplemental gaseous fuels data in 
Btu are estimated using the method described in Note 3, “Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,” at the end of Section 4. Natural 
gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption is equal to natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) 
consumption minus supplemental gaseous fuels. 

Petroleum
1949–1992: Petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to total petroleum products supplied from Table 3.6. 
 
1993–2008: Petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to total petroleum products supplied from Table 3.6 
minus fuel ethanol consumption from Table 10.3. 
 
2009–2011: Petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to: total petroleum products supplied from Table 3.6; 
minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3; minus biodiesel consumption, calculated using 
biodiesel data from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), EIA‐22M, "Monthly Biodiesel Production Survey"; and 
biomass‐based diesel fuel data from EIA‐810, "Monthly Refinery Report," EIA‐812, "Monthly Product Pipeline Report," 
and EIA‐815, "Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel 
heat content factor in Table A1); minus renewable diesel fuel and other biofuels refinery and blender net inputs, 
calculated using “other renewable diesel fuel” and “other renewable fuels” data from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery 
Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
heat content factors for renewable diesel fuel and other biofuels in Table A1). 
 
2012–2020: Petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to: total petroleum products supplied from Table 3.6; 
minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3; minus biodiesel consumption from Table 10.4a; 
minus renewable diesel fuel and other biofuels refinery and blender net inputs, calculated using “other renewable diesel 
fuel” and “other renewable fuels” data from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal 
and Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the heat content factors for renewable diesel fuel 
and other biofuels in Table A1). 
 
2021 forward: Petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to: total petroleum products supplied from Table 
3.6; minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3; minus biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, and 
other biofuels refinery and blender net inputs and products supplied calculated using “renewable fuels except fuel 
ethanol“ refinery and blender net inputs and products supplied from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  29 
Petroleum Supply Monthly (data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table 
A1). 

Coal Coke Net Imports

1949 forward: Table 1.4c. 

Fossil Fuels Total

1949 forward: Total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the consumption values for coal, natural gas, and petroleum, 
plus coal coke net imports. 

Nuclear Electric Power

1949 forward: Nuclear electricity net generation data from Table 7.2a are converted to Btu by multiplying by the nuclear 
heat rate factors in Table A6. 

Renewable Energy
1949 forward: Table 10.1. 

Electricity Net Imports

1949 forward: Table 1.4c. 

Total Primary Energy Consumption

1949 forward: Total primary energy consumption is the sum of the consumption values for fossil fuels, nuclear electric 
power, and renewable energy, plus electricity net imports. 

Table 1.4a Sources 
Coal
1949 forward:  Coal imports data from Table 6.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal imports heat content 
factors in Table A5. 

Coal Coke
1949 forward: Coal coke imports data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report IM 
145, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal coke imports heat content factor in Table A5. 

Natural Gas
1949 forward: Natural gas imports data from Table 4.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas imports 
heat content factors in Table A4. 

Crude Oil
1949 forward: Crude oil imports data from Table 3.3b are converted to Btu by multiplying by the crude oil imports heat 
content factors in Table A2. 

Petroleum Products
1949–1992: Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) imports are equal to total petroleum imports from Table 3.3b 
minus crude oil imports from Table 3.3b; petroleum products (excluding biofuels) imports data are converted to Btu by 
multiplying by the total petroleum products imports heat content factors in Table A2. 

1993–2008: Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) imports are equal to petroleum products (including biofuels) 
imports (see 1949–1992 sources above) minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) imports (see “Biomass—Fuel Ethanol 
(Minus Denaturant)” sources below). 

2009–2011:  Biomass‐based diesel fuel imports data are from U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply 
Annual (PSA), Tables 1 and 25, and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Tables 1 and 37 (the data are converted to Btu by 
multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor in Table A1). Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) imports are equal 
to petroleum products (including biofuels) imports (see 1949–1992 sources above) minus fuel ethanol (minus 

30  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
denaturant) imports (see “Biomass—Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)” sources below) minus biomass‐based diesel fuel 
imports. 

2012–2020:  Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) imports are equal to petroleum products (including biofuels) 
imports (see 1949–1992 sources above) minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) imports (see “Biomass—Fuel Ethanol 
(Minus Denaturant)” sources below) minus biodiesel imports (see “Biomass—Biodiesel”) minus renewable diesel fuel 
imports (see “Biomass—Renewable Diesel Fuel”). 

2021 forward:  Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) imports are equal to petroleum products (including biofuels) 
imports (see 1949–1992 sources above) minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) imports (see “Biomass—Fuel Ethanol 
(Minus Denaturant)” sources below) minus biodiesel imports (see “Biomass—Biodiesel”) minus renewable diesel fuel 
imports (see “Biomass—Renewable Diesel Fuel”) minus other biofuels imports (see “Biomass—Other Biofuels”). 

Total Petroleum
1949 forward: Total petroleum imports are equal to crude oil imports plus petroleum products imports. 

Biomass—Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

1993 forward: Fuel ethanol (including denaturant) imports data are from PSA/PSM Table 1. Fuel ethanol (minus 
denaturant) production is equal to fuel ethanol (including denaturant) production from Table 10.3 minus denaturant 
from Table 10.3. Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) imports are equal to fuel ethanol (including denaturant) imports 
multiplied by the ratio of fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) production to fuel ethanol (including denaturant) production. 
Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) imports data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 3.539 million Btu per barrel, the 
undenatured ethanol heat content factor in Table A3. 

Biomass—Biodiesel
2001 forward: Biodiesel imports data are from Table 10.4a, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel 
heat content factor in Table A1. 

Biomass—Renewable Diesel Fuel

2012 forward: Renewable diesel fuel imports data are from Table 10.4b, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
renewable diesel fuel heat content factor in Table A1. 

Biomass—Other Biofuels
2021 forward: Other biofuels imports data are from Table 10.4c, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the other 
biofuels heat content factor in Table A1. 

Total Biomass
1993–2000: Total biomass imports are equal to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) imports. 

2001–2011: Total biomass imports are equal to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) imports plus biodiesel imports. 

2012–2020: Total biomass imports are the sum of imports values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, and 
renewable diesel fuel. 

2021 forward: Total biomass imports are the sum of imports values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, 
renewable diesel fuel, and other biofuels. 

Electricity
1949 forward: Electricity imports data from Table 7.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat content 
factor in Table A6. 

Total Primary Energy Imports

1949 forward: Total primary energy imports are the sum of the imports values for coal, coal coke, natural gas, total 
petroleum, total biomass, and electricity. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  31 
Table 1.4b Sources 
Coal
1949 forward: Coal exports data from Table 6.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal exports heat content 
factors in Table A5. 

Coal Coke
1949 forward: Coal coke exports data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report EM 
545, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal coke exports heat content factor in Table A5. 

Natural Gas
1949 forward: Natural gas exports data from Table 4.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas exports 
heat content factors in Table A4. 

Crude Oil
1949 forward: Crude oil exports data from Table 3.3b are converted to Btu by multiplying by the crude oil exports heat 
content factor in Table A2. 

Petroleum Products
1949–2009: Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) exports are equal to total petroleum exports from Table 3.3b minus 
crude oil exports from Table 3.3b; petroleum products (excluding biofuels) exports data are converted to Btu by 
multiplying by the total petroleum products exports heat content factors in Table A2. 

2010: Petroleum products (including biofuels) exports are equal to total petroleum exports from Table 3.3b minus crude 
oil exports from Table 3.3b; petroleum products (including biofuels) exports data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 
the total petroleum products exports heat content factors in Table A2. Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) exports 
are equal to petroleum products (including biofuels) exports minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) exports (see 
“Biomass—Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)” sources below). 

2011 forward: Biomass‐based diesel fuel exports data are from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum 
Supply Annual (PSA), Table 31, and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Table 49, and are converted to Btu by multiplying 
by the biodiesel heat content factor in Table A1. Petroleum products  (excluding  biofuels) exports are equal to 
petroleum products (including biofuels) exports (see 2010 sources above) minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) 
exports (see “Biomass—Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)” sources below) minus biomass‐based diesel fuel exports. 

Total Petroleum
1949 forward: Total petroleum exports are equal to crude oil exports plus petroleum products exports. 

Biomass—Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

2010 forward: Fuel ethanol (including denaturant) exports data are from PSA/PSM Table 1. Fuel ethanol (minus 
denaturant) production is equal to fuel ethanol (including denaturant) production from Table 10.3 minus denaturant 
from Table 10.3. Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) exports are equal to fuel ethanol (including denaturant) exports 
multiplied by the ratio of fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) production to fuel ethanol (including denaturant) production. 
Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) exports are converted to Btu by multiplying by 3.539 million Btu per barrel, the 
undenatured ethanol heat content factor in Table A3. 

Biomass—Biodiesel
2001 forward: Biodiesel exports data are from Table 10.4a, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat 
content factor in Table A1. 

Biomass—Densified Biomass
2016 forward: Densified biomass exports data are from EIA, Form EIA‐63C, “Densified Biomass Fuel Report.” 

Total Biomass
2001–2009: Total biomass exports are equal to biodiesel exports. 

32  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
2010–2015: Total biomass exports are equal to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) exports plus biodiesel exports. 

2016 forward: Total biomass exports are the sum of the exports values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, 
and densified biomass. 

Electricity
1949 forward: Electricity exports data from Table 7.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat content 
factor in Table A6. 

Total Primary Energy Exports

1949 forward: Total primary energy exports are the sum of the exports values for coal, coal coke, natural gas, total 
petroleum, total biomass, and electricity. 

Table 1.5 Sources 
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division: 

Petroleum Exports
1974–1987:  “U.S. Exports,” FT‐410, December issues.  

1988 and 1989:  “Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final Revisions. 

1990–1992:  “U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final Report.  

1993–2017:  “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” Annual Revisions. 

2018–2020: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” 2020 Annual Revisions. 

2021:  “U.S.  International Trade in Goods and Services,” FT‐900, monthly. 

Petroleum Imports
1974–1987:  “U.S. Merchandise Trade,” FT‐900, December issues, 1975–1988. 

1988 and 1989:  “Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final Revisions. 

1990–1993:  “U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final Report. 

1994–2017:  “U.S.  International Trade in Goods and Services,” Annual Revisions. 

2018–2020: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” 2020 Annual Revisions. 

2021:  “U.S.  International Trade in Goods and Services,” FT‐900, monthly. 

Energy Exports and Imports

1974–1987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and database printouts for adjustments. 

1988:  January–July, monthly FT‐900 supplement, 1989 issues. August–December, monthly FT‐900, 1989 issues. 

1989:  Monthly FT‐900, 1990 issues. 

1990–1992:  “U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final Report. 1993–2009:  “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” 
Annual Revisions. 

1993–2017: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” Annual Revisions. 

2018–2020: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” 2020 Annual Revisions. 

2021:  “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” FT‐900, monthly. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  33 
Petroleum Balance
1974 forward: The petroleum balance is calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) as petroleum 
imports minus petroleum exports. 

Energy Balance
1974 forward: The energy balance is calculated by EIA as energy imports minus energy exports. 

Non-Energy Balance
1974 forward: The non‐energy balance is calculated by EIA as the total merchandise balance minus the energy balance. 

Total Merchandise
1974–1987:  U.S. merchandise trade press releases and database printouts for adjustments. 

1988:   “Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1988 Final Revisions,” August 18, 1989. 

1989: “Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1989 Revisions,” July 10, 1990. 

1990:  “U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1990 Final Report,” May 10, 1991, and “U.S. Merchandise Trade, December 1992,” 

February 18, 1993, page 3. 

1991:  “U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1992 Final Report,” May 12, 1993. 

1992–2017:  “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” Annual Revisions. 

2018–2020: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” 2020 Annual Revisions. 

2021:  “U.S.  International Trade in Goods and Services,” FT‐900, monthly.1990:  “U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1990 Final 
Report,” May 10, 1991, and “U.S. Merchandise Trade, December 1992,” 

February 18, 1993, page 3. 

1991:  “U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1992 Final Report,” May 12, 1993. 

1992–2017:  “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” Annual Revisions. 

2018–2020: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” 2020 Annual Revisions. 

2021:  “U.S.  International Trade in Goods and Services,” FT‐900, monthly. 

34  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

2. Energy Consumption
By Sector
Figure 2.1  Energy Consumption by Sector 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949–2020

40
Industrial

30
Transportation

Residential
20

Commercial

10

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly

4

3 Industrial

Transportation
2
Residential

Commercial
1

0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

By Sector, August 2021

Primary Consumption Total Consumption

4 3.700

3 2.832

2.396 2.402

1.954
2 1.754
1.495

0.212 0.220

0
Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric Power
 
 

Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.   
Source:  Table 2.1. 

36  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector
(Trillion Btu)
End-Use Sectors Electric
Power
Residential Commerciala Industrialb Transportation Sectorc,d
Balancing Primary
Primarye Totalf Primarye Totalf Primarye Totalf Primarye Totalf Primarye Itemg Totalh

1950 Total ...................... 4,830 5,989 2,834 3,893 13,872 16,224 8,383 8,492 4,679 (s) 34,599
1955 Total ...................... 5,608 7,278 2,561 3,895 16,073 19,455 9,474 9,550 6,461 (s) 40,178
1960 Total ...................... 6,651 9,040 2,723 4,610 16,949 20,795 10,560 10,596 8,158 (s) 45,041
1965 Total ...................... 7,280 10,640 3,177 5,846 20,085 25,035 12,399 12,432 11,012 (s) 53,953
1970 Total ...................... 8,323 13,766 4,237 8,346 22,941 29,605 16,062 16,098 16,253 (s) 67,817
1975 Total ...................... 7,990 14,814 4,059 9,493 21,400 29,379 18,211 18,245 20,270 1 71,931
1980 Total ...................... 7,440 15,754 4,105 10,578 22,549 31,993 19,659 19,697 24,269 -1 78,021
1985 Total ...................... 7,149 16,042 3,732 11,451 19,384 28,757 20,042 20,088 26,032 -4 76,334
1990 Total ...................... 6,553 16,941 3,894 13,317 21,120 31,749 22,366 22,419 d 30,495 7 84,433
1995 Total ...................... 6,935 18,517 4,101 14,690 22,657 33,908 23,757 23,812 33,479 3 90,931
2000 Total ...................... 7,156 20,422 4,278 17,175 22,748 34,587 26,456 26,515 38,062 2 98,702
2005 Total ...................... 6,901 21,613 4,052 17,854 21,343 32,374 28,179 28,261 39,626 (s) 100,102
2006 Total ...................... 6,155 20,671 3,748 17,707 21,455 32,317 28,618 28,697 39,417 (s) 99,392
2007 Total ...................... 6,589 21,520 3,923 18,253 21,284 32,306 28,727 28,815 40,371 -1 100,893
2008 Total ...................... 6,889 21,668 4,100 18,402 20,455 31,261 27,339 27,421 39,969 1 98,754
2009 Total ...................... 6,637 21,082 4,056 17,888 18,670 28,380 26,510 26,592 38,069 (s) 93,942
2010 Total ...................... 6,641 21,895 4,023 18,059 20,327 30,574 26,897 26,978 39,619 7 97,513
2011 Total ...................... 6,473 21,382 4,066 17,982 20,505 30,893 26,526 26,606 39,293 8 96,870
2012 Total ...................... 5,684 19,870 3,725 17,422 20,781 30,954 26,059 26,135 38,131 2 94,383
2013 Total ...................... 6,689 21,052 4,161 17,930 21,378 31,525 26,542 26,620 38,357 -1 97,125
2014 Total ...................... 7,006 21,446 4,390 18,265 21,455 31,691 26,801 26,881 38,629 6 98,288
2015 Total ...................... 6,465 20,618 4,441 18,157 21,417 31,361 27,179 27,256 37,890 1 97,392
2016 Total ...................... 6,030 20,179 4,321 18,030 21,553 31,347 27,737 27,812 37,727 -4 97,363
2017 Total ...................... 6,097 19,886 4,368 17,900 21,953 31,798 27,974 28,049 37,241 (s) 97,634
2018 Total ...................... 6,982 21,509 4,776 18,440 22,861 32,756 28,429 28,505 38,163 -7 101,203

2019 January .................. 1,215 2,537 700 1,810 2,056 2,875 2,313 2,320 3,258 2 9,544
February ................ 1,035 2,156 600 1,581 1,775 2,510 2,135 2,141 2,844 (s) 8,388
March ..................... 906 2,003 551 1,598 1,923 2,713 2,386 2,393 2,940 -2 8,705
April ....................... 486 1,362 346 1,339 1,840 2,620 2,349 2,355 2,655 -4 7,673
May ........................ 351 1,356 277 1,391 1,900 2,748 2,450 2,456 2,973 -2 7,949
June ....................... 249 1,434 229 1,372 1,829 2,668 2,434 2,440 3,173 1 7,915
July ........................ 231 1,734 227 1,507 1,905 2,793 2,511 2,518 3,677 7 8,559
August ................... 231 1,678 234 1,495 1,944 2,822 2,555 2,561 3,592 6 8,562
September ............. 223 1,466 223 1,376 1,868 2,682 2,330 2,337 3,216 3 7,864
October .................. 376 1,375 310 1,376 1,955 2,735 2,450 2,455 2,849 -2 7,939
November .............. 797 1,809 511 1,527 1,949 2,735 2,316 2,322 2,819 -1 8,393
December .............. 989 2,164 592 1,640 1,993 2,770 2,367 2,373 3,006 -3 8,944
Total ...................... 7,088 21,072 4,800 18,013 22,940 32,672 28,597 28,671 37,003 6 100,434

2020 January .................. 1,055 2,264 622 1,681 2,001 2,753 2,269 2,275 3,025 -3 8,969
February ................ 945 2,031 568 1,557 1,879 2,613 2,162 2,168 2,815 -5 8,364
March ..................... 715 1,709 450 1,435 1,934 2,676 2,054 2,059 2,727 -5 7,874
April ....................... 546 1,470 332 1,191 1,617 2,277 1,559 1,564 2,449 -4 6,498
May ........................ 391 1,451 260 1,199 1,687 2,403 1,786 1,791 2,720 -1 6,843
June ....................... 257 1,568 216 1,302 1,685 2,436 1,979 1,984 3,152 2 7,292
July ........................ 230 1,878 209 1,454 1,802 2,604 2,154 2,159 3,700 10 8,105
August ................... 218 1,778 210 1,409 1,845 2,659 2,167 2,172 3,578 9 8,028
September ............. 246 R 1,451 228 1,288 1,786 2,517 2,070 2,075 3,001 4 7,336
October .................. 387 1,394 302 1,331 1,883 2,641 2,118 2,123 2,799 (s) 7,490
November .............. 608 1,592 394 1,355 1,903 2,654 1,997 2,002 2,702 -1 7,603
December .............. 1,021 2,302 575 1,608 2,002 2,757 2,057 2,063 3,074 1 8,731
Total ...................... 6,617 20,880 4,368 16,814 22,025 30,996 24,373 24,436 35,744 8 93,134

2021 January .................. 1,102 2,441 612 1,629 2,004 2,777 2,022 2,028 3,133 -1 8,873
February ................ 1,089 2,341 611 1,578 R 1,587 R 2,309 1,845 1,850 2,947 2 R 8,080
March ..................... 757 1,843 466 1,436 R 1,904 R 2,627 2,192 2,197 2,783 -5 R 8,098
April ....................... 492 1,390 340 1,277 1,868 R 2,620 2,158 2,163 2,592 -5 R 7,446
May ........................ 353 1,352 273 1,301 R 1,922 2,736 2,306 2,311 2,846 -3 7,697
June ....................... 244 1,561 226 1,405 R 1,895 2,742 2,305 2,310 3,349 4 R 8,022
July ........................ 223 1,735 224 1,465 R 1,872 R 2,745 2,387 2,392 3,631 8 R 8,346
August ................... 212 1,754 220 1,495 1,954 2,832 2,396 2,402 3,700 10 8,493
8-Month Total ....... 4,471 14,416 2,972 11,586 15,005 21,388 17,612 17,653 24,982 11 65,054

2020 8-Month Total ....... 4,356 14,149 2,868 11,227 14,450 20,422 16,130 16,173 24,167 3 61,974
2019 8-Month Total ....... 4,703 14,260 3,164 12,093 15,174 21,750 19,134 19,184 25,112 8 67,294

a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for coal and natural gas.
and commercial electricity-only plants. h Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.
b Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
industrial electricity-only plants. Notes: • Data are estimates, except for the electric power sector. • See Note 2,
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to • See Note 3, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section.
the public. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
d Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
for electric utilities and independent power producers. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
e See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
f Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy data beginning in 1973.
consumption, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note Sources: • End-Use Sectors: Tables 2.2–2.5. • Electric Power Sector:
1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of section. Table 2.6. • Balancing Item: Calculated as primary energy total consumption
g A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use minus the sum of total energy consumption in the four end-use sectors.
sectors equals the sum of total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, • Primary Total: Table 1.3.
total energy consumption does not equal the sum of the sectoral components due
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  37 
Figure 2.2  Residential Sector Energy Consumption 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

By Major Source, 1949–2020

6

Natural Gas

4 Electricity[a]

2 Petroleum

Renewable Energy
Coal
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Major Source, Monthly

1.2

Natural Gas
0.9
Renewable Energy

0.6 Electricity[a]

0.3
Petroleum

0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total, January–August By Major Source, August 2021

18

Electricity[a] 0.540
15 14.260 14.149 14.416

12
Natural Gas 0.109

Renewable Energy 0.075

6

3
Petroleum 0.028

0
2019 2020 2021 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
 

[a] Electricity retail sales.   
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption. 
Source:  Table 2.2. 

38  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Fossil Fuels Renewable Energyb Electrical
Electricity System
Natural Petro- Geo- Bio- Total Retail Energy
Coal Gasc leum Total thermal Solard mass Total Primary Salese Lossesf Total

1950 Total .................... 1,261 1,240 1,322 3,824 NA NA 1,006 1,006 4,830 246 913 5,989
1955 Total .................... 867 2,198 1,767 4,833 NA NA 775 775 5,608 438 1,232 7,278
1960 Total .................... 585 3,212 2,228 6,025 NA NA 627 627 6,651 687 1,701 9,040
1965 Total .................... 352 4,028 2,432 6,812 NA NA 468 468 7,280 993 2,367 10,640
1970 Total .................... 209 4,987 2,726 7,922 NA NA 401 401 8,323 1,591 3,852 13,766
1975 Total .................... 63 5,023 2,479 7,565 NA NA 425 425 7,990 2,007 4,817 14,814
1980 Total .................... 31 4,825 1,734 6,590 NA NA 850 850 7,440 2,448 5,866 15,754
1985 Total .................... 39 4,534 1,566 6,139 NA NA 1,010 1,010 7,149 2,709 6,184 16,042
1990 Total .................... 31 4,487 1,395 5,912 6 55 580 640 6,553 3,153 7,235 16,941
1995 Total .................... 17 4,954 1,374 6,345 7 63 520 589 6,935 3,557 8,026 18,517
2000 Total .................... 11 5,105 1,554 6,670 9 58 420 486 7,156 4,069 9,197 20,422
2005 Total .................... 8 4,946 1,450 6,405 16 50 430 496 6,901 4,638 10,074 21,613
2006 Total .................... 6 4,476 1,222 5,704 18 53 380 451 6,155 4,611 9,905 20,671
2007 Total .................... 8 4,835 1,249 6,092 22 55 420 497 6,589 4,750 10,180 21,520
2008 Total .................... NA 5,010 1,325 6,335 26 58 470 555 6,889 4,711 10,068 21,668
2009 Total .................... NA 4,883 1,158 6,041 33 60 504 597 6,637 4,657 9,788 21,082
2010 Total .................... NA 4,878 1,120 5,999 37 65 541 642 6,641 4,933 10,321 21,895
2011 Total .................... NA 4,805 1,034 5,838 40 71 524 635 6,473 4,855 10,054 21,382
2012 Total .................... NA 4,242 886 5,128 40 79 438 557 5,684 4,690 9,496 19,870
2013 Total .................... NA 5,023 963 5,986 40 91 572 703 6,689 4,759 9,604 21,052
2014 Total .................... NA 5,242 1,036 6,279 40 109 579 728 7,006 4,801 9,638 21,446
2015 Total .................... NA 4,777 1,007 5,784 40 128 513 681 6,465 4,791 9,362 20,618
2016 Total .................... NA 4,506 878 5,384 40 162 445 646 6,030 4,815 9,334 20,179
2017 Total .................... NA 4,563 871 5,435 40 193 429 662 6,097 4,704 9,085 19,886
2018 Total .................... NA 5,174 1,022 6,197 40 221 524 785 6,982 5,013 9,515 21,509
2019 January ................ NA 990 162 1,152 3 13 46 63 1,215 455 867 2,537
February .............. NA 840 135 976 3 15 42 59 1,035 398 723 2,156
March ................... NA 715 121 836 3 21 46 70 906 384 712 2,003
April ..................... NA 341 73 414 3 23 45 71 486 308 568 1,362
May ...................... NA 220 56 276 3 26 46 75 351 342 663 1,356
June ..................... NA 134 41 175 3 26 45 74 249 410 776 1,434
July ...................... NA 116 38 154 3 27 46 77 231 525 979 1,734
August ................. NA 106 49 155 3 26 46 76 231 512 935 1,678
September ........... NA 114 38 152 3 23 45 71 223 449 794 1,466
October ................ NA 240 66 307 3 20 46 70 376 368 630 1,375
November ............ NA 611 122 733 3 16 45 64 797 350 662 1,809
December ............ NA 781 143 925 3 15 46 64 989 413 762 2,164
Total .................... NA 5,208 1,045 6,253 40 251 544 835 7,088 4,914 9,070 21,072
2020 January ................ NA 855 141 997 3 16 39 58 1,055 424 785 2,264
February .............. NA 764 123 887 3 18 36 58 945 382 704 2,031
March ................... NA 546 103 649 3 24 39 66 715 355 640 1,709
April ..................... NA 392 87 478 3 26 38 67 546 333 592 1,470
May ...................... NA 245 74 319 3 30 39 72 391 360 700 1,451
June ..................... NA 141 45 186 3 30 38 71 257 448 863 1,568
July ...................... NA 122 35 157 3 31 39 73 230 569 1,079 1,878
August ................. NA 113 34 147 3 29 39 71 218 542 1,018 1,778
September ........... NA 131 49 180 3 26 38 66 246 436 769 R 1,451
October ................ NA 251 70 321 3 24 39 66 387 359 648 1,394
November ............ NA 456 91 547 3 20 38 60 608 339 645 1,592
December ............ NA 829 132 961 3 18 39 60 1,021 442 839 2,302
Total .................... NA 4,846 984 5,829 40 291 458 788 6,617 4,988 9,275 20,880

2021 January ................ NA 910 132 1,041 3 19 39 60 1,102 468 871 2,441
February .............. NA 898 134 1,031 3 20 35 58 1,089 434 819 2,341
March ................... NA 589 99 687 3 28 39 70 757 391 695 1,843
April ..................... NA 351 69 420 3 31 37 72 492 321 577 1,390
May ...................... NA 225 52 276 3 35 39 76 353 346 653 1,352
June ..................... NA 133 35 168 3 35 37 76 244 453 864 1,561
July ...................... NA 116 30 R 145 3 36 39 77 223 529 984 1,735
August ................. NA 109 28 137 3 33 39 75 212 540 1,002 1,754
8-Month Total ..... NA 3,329 578 3,907 26 236 302 564 4,471 3,482 6,463 14,416
2020 8-Month Total ..... NA 3,179 642 3,821 26 204 305 535 4,356 3,413 6,381 14,149
2019 8-Month Total ..... NA 3,462 675 4,137 26 177 362 566 4,703 3,334 6,222 14,260

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
b See Table 10.2a for notes on series components. section.
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous R=Revised. NA=Not available.
fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. Notes: • Data are estimates, except for electricity retail sales. • See Note 2,
d Distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation in the "Oher Energy Losses," at end of section. • See Note 3, "Energy Consumption
residential sector and distributed solar thermal energy in the residential, Data and Surveys," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components
commercial, and industrial sectors. See Tables 10.2a and 10.5. due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
e Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, District of Columbia.
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
f Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are data beginning in 1973.
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total Sources: See end of section.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  39 
Figure 2.3  Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

By Major Source, 1949–2020

5
Electricity[a]

Natural Gas
3

1 Petroleum

Coal Renewable Energy

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

By Major Source, Monthly

0.8

0.6
Natural Gas

Electricity[a]
0.4

0.2
Renewable Energy
Petroleum

0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total, January–August
By Major Source, August 2021
15

12.093 Electricity[a] 0.446

12 11.586
11.227

Natural Gas 0.145

9

Petroleum 0.044
6

Renewable Energy 0.029

3

Coal 0.001
0
2019 2020 2021 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
 
 

[a] Electricity retail sales.   
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption. 
Source:  Table 2.3. 

40  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energyb

Elec- Electrical
Hydro- tricity System
Natural Petro- electric Geo- Bio- Total Retail Energy
Coal Gasc leumd Total Powere thermal Solarf Wind mass Total Primary Salesg Lossesh Total

1950 Total .................... 1,542 401 872 2,815 NA NA NA NA 19 19 2,834 225 834 3,893
1955 Total .................... 801 651 1,095 2,547 NA NA NA NA 15 15 2,561 350 984 3,895
1960 Total .................... 407 1,056 1,248 2,711 NA NA NA NA 12 12 2,723 543 1,344 4,610
1965 Total .................... 265 1,490 1,413 3,168 NA NA NA NA 9 9 3,177 789 1,880 5,846
1970 Total .................... 165 2,473 1,592 4,229 NA NA NA NA 8 8 4,237 1,201 2,908 8,346
1975 Total .................... 147 2,558 1,346 4,051 NA NA NA NA 8 8 4,059 1,598 3,835 9,493
1980 Total .................... 115 2,651 1,318 4,084 NA NA NA NA 21 21 4,105 1,906 4,567 10,578
1985 Total .................... 137 2,488 1,083 3,708 NA NA NA NA 24 24 3,732 2,351 5,368 11,451
1990 Total .................... 124 2,680 991 3,795 1 3 (s) – 94 98 3,894 2,860 6,564 13,317
1995 Total .................... 117 3,096 769 3,982 1 5 (s) – 113 119 4,101 3,252 7,337 14,690
2000 Total .................... 92 3,252 807 4,150 1 8 1 – 119 128 4,278 3,956 8,942 17,175
2005 Total .................... 97 3,073 761 3,931 1 14 2 – 105 121 4,052 4,351 9,451 17,854
2006 Total .................... 65 2,902 661 3,627 1 14 3 – 103 120 3,748 4,435 9,525 17,707
2007 Total .................... 70 3,085 646 3,801 1 14 4 – 103 122 3,923 4,560 9,771 18,253
2008 Total .................... 81 3,228 660 3,970 1 15 6 – 109 131 4,100 4,559 9,743 18,402
2009 Total .................... 73 3,187 659 3,919 1 17 8 (s) 112 137 4,056 4,459 9,373 17,888
2010 Total .................... 70 3,165 647 3,881 1 19 12 (s) 111 142 4,023 4,539 9,497 18,059
2011 Total .................... 62 3,216 632 3,910 (s) 20 20 (s) 115 155 4,066 4,531 9,385 17,982
2012 Total .................... 44 2,960 560 3,563 (s) 20 33 1 108 162 3,725 4,528 9,168 17,422
2013 Total .................... 41 3,380 558 3,979 (s) 20 41 1 120 182 4,161 4,562 9,206 17,930
2014 Total .................... 40 3,572 578 4,190 (s) 20 52 1 127 200 4,390 4,614 9,261 18,265
2015 Total .................... 31 3,316 864 4,211 (s) 20 57 1 152 230 4,441 4,643 9,073 18,157
2016 Total .................... 24 3,224 832 4,079 2 20 62 1 158 242 4,321 4,665 9,044 18,030
2017 Total .................... 21 3,273 820 4,113 2 20 76 1 156 255 4,368 4,616 8,916 17,900
2018 Total .................... 19 3,638 845 4,502 2 20 94 2 156 274 4,776 4,715 8,949 18,440

2019 January ................ 2 576 101 679 (s) 2 6 (s) 13 21 700 382 728 1,810
February .............. 2 490 87 580 (s) 2 6 (s) 12 20 600 348 633 1,581
March ................... 2 440 85 527 (s) 2 9 (s) 13 24 551 367 680 1,598
April ..................... 1 256 65 322 (s) 2 10 (s) 12 24 346 350 644 1,339
May ...................... 1 192 59 252 (s) 2 10 (s) 12 25 277 379 734 1,391
June ..................... 1 150 53 204 (s) 2 11 (s) 12 25 229 395 747 1,372
July ...................... 1 147 53 201 (s) 2 11 (s) 13 26 227 447 834 1,507
August ................. 1 146 62 209 (s) 2 11 (s) 13 25 234 446 815 1,495
September ........... 1 149 49 199 (s) 2 9 (s) 12 24 223 416 737 1,376
October ................ 1 224 62 287 (s) 2 8 (s) 13 23 310 393 672 1,376
November ............ 1 404 85 490 (s) 2 6 (s) 12 21 511 351 664 1,527
December ............ 2 474 95 571 (s) 2 6 (s) 13 21 592 369 679 1,640
Total .................... 17 3,647 857 4,521 2 24 103 2 149 279 4,800 4,643 8,570 18,013

2020 January ................ 2 509 90 601 NM 2 7 (s) 13 22 622 372 687 1,681
February .............. 2 464 80 546 NM 2 8 (s) 12 22 568 348 641 1,557
March ................... 2 352 72 426 NM 2 10 (s) 12 24 450 351 633 1,435
April ..................... 1 247 60 308 NM 2 11 (s) 11 24 332 309 551 1,191
May ...................... 1 169 64 234 NM 2 12 (s) 12 26 260 319 621 1,199
June ..................... 1 137 53 190 NM 2 12 (s) 12 26 216 371 715 1,302
July ...................... 1 134 48 182 NM 2 13 (s) 12 27 209 430 814 1,454
August ................. 1 136 47 183 NM 2 12 (s) 12 26 210 416 783 1,409
September ........... 1 149 54 204 (s) 2 11 (s) 11 24 228 383 676 1,288
October ................ 1 216 61 279 NM 2 10 (s) 12 23 302 366 662 1,331
November ............ 1 304 67 372 NM 2 8 (s) 12 21 394 331 630 1,355
December ............ 1 471 81 553 NM 2 7 (s) 12 22 575 356 676 1,608
Total .................... 15 3,286 777 4,078 2 24 121 2 141 289 4,368 4,353 8,093 16,814

2021 January ................ 2 510 78 590 NM 2 8 (s) 12 22 612 356 661 1,629
February .............. 2 510 77 589 NM 2 9 (s) 11 22 611 335 632 1,578
March ................... 1 368 71 440 NM 2 12 (s) 12 26 466 349 620 1,436
April ..................... 1 253 59 313 NM 2 13 (s) 11 27 340 335 602 1,277
May ...................... 1 188 55 244 NM 2 14 (s) 12 29 273 356 672 1,301
June ..................... 1 147 49 197 NM 2 14 (s) 12 29 226 405 774 1,405
July ...................... 1 147 R 46 195 NM 2 15 (s) 12 30 224 434 807 1,465
August ................. 1 145 44 191 NM 2 14 (s) 12 29 220 446 828 1,495
8-Month Total ..... 10 2,269 481 2,759 1 16 100 1 95 213 2,972 3,017 5,597 11,586

2020 8-Month Total ..... 10 2,146 514 2,670 1 16 85 1 94 198 2,868 2,916 5,444 11,227
2019 8-Month Total ..... 11 2,397 565 2,974 1 16 73 1 100 191 3,164 3,114 5,815 12,093

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. R=Revised. NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. – =No data reported.
b See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous Notes: • Data are estimates, except for coal totals beginning in 2008;
fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. hydroelectric power; solar; wind; and electricity retail sales beginning in 1979.
d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels • The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
are included in "Biomass." and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants
e Conventional hydroelectric power. Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. • See Note 2, "Oher Energy
f Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation in the commercial sector, Losses," at end of section. • See Note 3, "Energy Consumption Data and
both utility-scale and distributed (small-scale). See Tables 10.2a and 10.5. Surveys," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers. Columbia.
h Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total data beginning in 1973.
electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Sources: See end of section.
section.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  41 
Figure 2.4  Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

By Major Source, 1949–2020

12
Natural Gas
Petroleum

Coal
Electricity[a]
3

Renewable Energy

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Major Source, Monthly

1.2

1.0
Natural Gas

0.8
Petroleum

0.6

0.4 Electricity[a]

0.2
Renewable Energy
Coal
0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total, January–August By Major Source, August 2021

24
21.750 21.388
20.422 Natural Gas 0.852
21

18
Petroleum 0.833
15

12 Electricity[a] 0.308

9
Renewable Energy 0.195
6

3
Coal 0.079

0
2019 2020 2021 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9
 
 

[a] Electricity retail sales.   
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption. 
Source:  Table 2.4. 

42  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

Table 2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Fossil Fuelsb Renewable Energyc
Elec- Electrical
Hydro- tricity System
Natural Petro- electric Geo- Bio- Total Retail Energy
Coal Gasd leume Totalf Powerg thermal Solarh Wind mass Total Primary Salesi Lossesj Totalf

1950 Total .................... 5,781 3,546 3,943 13,271 69 NA NA NA 532 602 13,872 500 1,852 16,224
1955 Total .................... 5,620 4,701 5,093 15,404 38 NA NA NA 631 669 16,073 887 2,495 19,455
1960 Total .................... 4,543 5,973 5,720 16,231 39 NA NA NA 680 719 16,949 1,107 2,739 20,795
1965 Total .................... 5,127 7,339 6,750 19,197 33 NA NA NA 855 888 20,085 1,463 3,487 25,035
1970 Total .................... 4,656 9,536 7,754 21,888 34 NA NA NA 1,019 1,053 22,941 1,948 4,716 29,605
1975 Total .................... 3,667 8,532 8,092 20,304 32 NA NA NA 1,063 1,096 21,400 2,346 5,632 29,379
1980 Total .................... 3,155 8,333 9,463 20,916 33 NA NA NA 1,600 1,633 22,549 2,781 6,664 31,993
1985 Total .................... 2,760 7,032 7,655 17,433 33 NA NA NA 1,918 1,951 19,384 2,855 6,518 28,757
1990 Total .................... 2,756 8,443 8,199 19,402 31 2 (s) – 1,684 1,717 21,120 3,226 7,404 31,749
1995 Total .................... 2,488 9,592 8,524 20,665 55 3 (s) – 1,934 1,992 22,657 3,455 7,796 33,908
2000 Total .................... 2,256 9,500 8,998 20,820 42 4 (s) – 1,881 1,928 22,748 3,631 8,208 34,587
2005 Total .................... 1,954 7,907 9,567 19,472 32 4 (s) – 1,834 1,871 21,343 3,477 7,554 32,374
2006 Total .................... 1,914 7,861 9,693 19,529 29 4 1 – 1,892 1,926 21,455 3,451 7,411 32,317
2007 Total .................... 1,865 8,074 9,363 19,326 16 5 1 – 1,937 1,958 21,284 3,507 7,515 32,306
2008 Total .................... 1,793 8,083 8,502 18,420 17 5 1 – 2,012 2,035 20,455 3,444 7,362 31,261
2009 Total .................... 1,392 7,609 7,720 16,698 18 4 2 – 1,948 1,972 18,670 3,130 6,580 28,380
2010 Total .................... 1,631 8,278 8,080 17,983 16 4 3 – 2,320 2,343 20,327 3,314 6,934 30,574
2011 Total .................... 1,561 8,481 8,052 18,105 17 4 4 (s) 2,375 2,401 20,505 3,382 7,005 30,893
2012 Total .................... 1,513 8,819 8,063 18,399 22 4 7 (s) 2,349 2,383 20,781 3,363 6,810 30,954
2013 Total .................... 1,546 9,140 8,259 18,929 33 4 9 (s) 2,403 2,449 21,378 3,362 6,785 31,525
2014 Total .................... 1,530 9,441 8,021 18,971 12 4 11 1 2,456 2,484 21,455 3,404 6,832 31,691
2015 Total .................... 1,380 9,426 8,138 18,925 13 4 14 (s) 2,460 2,491 21,417 3,366 6,578 31,361
2016 Total .................... 1,205 9,617 8,247 19,050 12 4 19 1 2,467 2,503 21,553 3,333 6,461 31,347
2017 Total .................... 1,195 9,864 8,433 19,463 13 4 22 1 2,450 2,490 21,953 3,358 6,487 31,798
2018 Total .................... 1,180 10,474 8,753 20,381 10 4 24 1 2,440 2,480 22,861 3,414 6,481 32,756

2019 January ................ 97 986 766 1,847 1 (s) 2 (s) 206 209 2,056 282 537 2,875
February .............. 93 887 606 1,585 1 (s) 2 (s) 187 190 1,775 261 474 2,510
March ................... 98 935 686 1,719 1 (s) 2 (s) 201 205 1,923 277 513 2,713
April ..................... 90 853 702 1,644 1 (s) 3 (s) 193 197 1,840 275 506 2,620
May ...................... 95 858 744 1,696 1 (s) 3 (s) 199 204 1,900 289 559 2,748
June ..................... 94 812 725 1,629 1 (s) 3 (s) 196 201 1,829 290 549 2,668
July ...................... 91 834 775 1,698 1 (s) 3 (s) 204 207 1,905 310 578 2,793
August ................. 91 861 787 1,738 1 (s) 3 (s) 203 207 1,944 311 567 2,822
September ........... 91 827 761 1,676 (s) (s) 3 (s) 189 192 1,868 294 520 2,682
October ................ 93 875 788 1,754 1 (s) 2 (s) 198 201 1,955 288 492 2,735
November ............ 90 925 735 1,748 1 (s) 2 (s) 198 201 1,949 272 514 2,735
December ............ 94 977 715 1,783 1 (s) 2 (s) 207 210 1,993 273 504 2,770
Total .................... 1,117 10,630 8,790 20,517 9 4 28 1 2,381 2,423 22,940 3,420 6,312 32,672
2020 January ................ 90 974 731 1,793 1 (s) 2 (s) 206 209 2,001 264 488 2,753
February .............. 90 905 691 1,684 1 (s) 2 (s) 192 195 1,879 258 476 2,613
March ................... 88 901 749 1,736 1 (s) 3 (s) 193 197 1,934 265 478 2,676
April ..................... 72 812 566 1,449 1 (s) 3 (s) 163 168 1,617 237 423 2,277
May ...................... 68 790 R 648 1,506 1 (s) 3 (s) 177 182 1,687 243 473 2,403
June ..................... 74 771 660 1,504 1 (s) 3 1 176 181 1,685 257 495 2,436
July ...................... 69 813 728 1,610 1 (s) 3 1 187 192 1,802 277 525 2,604
August ................. 72 828 756 1,655 1 (s) 3 1 185 190 1,845 283 531 2,659
September ........... 71 818 710 1,598 1 (s) 3 1 183 188 1,786 264 467 2,517
October ................ 80 866 743 1,688 1 (s) 3 1 191 195 1,883 270 488 2,641
November ............ 81 881 745 R 1,705 1 (s) 2 1 194 198 1,903 259 492 2,654
December ............ 83 966 750 1,798 1 (s) 2 1 200 204 2,002 260 494 2,757
Total .................... 938 10,324 8,477 19,726 9 4 32 6 2,247 2,298 22,025 3,137 5,834 30,996

2021 January ................ 88 973 747 R 1,806 1 (s) 2 1 195 199 2,004 270 502 2,777
February .............. 82 R 823 515 R 1,417 1 (s) 2 1 166 170 R 1,587 250 472 R 2,309
March ................... 89 R 882 738 R 1,708 1 (s) 3 1 191 196 R 1,904 260 463 R 2,627
April ..................... 84 R 854 744 R 1,678 1 (s) 3 1 185 190 1,868 269 483 R 2,620
May ...................... 86 R 837 797 1,716 1 (s) 4 1 200 205 R 1,922 282 532 2,736
June ..................... 85 R 814 807 1,699 1 (s) 4 1 190 195 R 1,895 291 556 2,742
July ...................... 85 R 845 740 R 1,668 1 (s) 4 (s) 199 205 R 1,872 305 568 R 2,745
August ................. 79 852 833 1,759 1 (s) 4 1 190 195 1,954 308 571 2,832
8-Month Total ..... 678 6,879 5,920 13,450 6 3 25 5 1,517 1,556 15,005 2,236 4,146 21,388
2020 8-Month Total ..... 623 6,793 5,528 12,936 6 3 22 2 1,479 1,513 14,450 2,084 3,888 20,422
2019 8-Month Total ..... 750 7,026 5,792 13,555 7 3 19 1 1,589 1,618 15,174 2,293 4,283 21,750

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
b Includes non-combustion use of fossil fuels. section.
c See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation. R=Revised. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion
d Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous Btu.
fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. Notes: • Data are estimates, except for coal totals; hydroelectric power in
e Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels 1949–1978 and 1989 forward; solar; wind; and electricity retail sales. • The
are included in "Biomass." industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial
f Includes coal coke net imports, which are not separately displayed. See electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use
Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. Sectors," at end of Section 7. • See Note 2, "Oher Energy Losses," at end of
g Conventional hydroelectric power. section. • See Note 3, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section.
h Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation in the industrial sector, both • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. •
utility-scale and distributed (small-scale). See Tables 10.2b and 10.5. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
i Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers. (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
j Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric data beginning in 1973.
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are Sources: See end of section.
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  43 
Figure 2.5  Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

By Major Source, 1949–2020

30 Petroleum

25

20

15

10

5
Renewable Energy
Natural Gas
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Major Source, Monthly

2.5

Petroleum
2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5 Natural Gas Renewable Energy

0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total, January–August Total, Monthly

21 3
19.184
17.653
18
16.173

15 2

12

9 1

6
2019 2020 2021
3 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.   
Source:  Table 2.5. 

44  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Renewable Electrical
Fossil Fuels Energyb Electricity System
Total Retail Energy
Coal Natural Gasc Petroleumd Total Biomass Primary Salese Lossesf Total

1950 Total .................... 1,564 130 6,690 8,383 NA 8,383 23 86 8,492

1955 Total .................... 421 254 8,799 9,474 NA 9,474 20 56 9,550
1960 Total .................... 75 359 10,125 10,560 NA 10,560 10 26 10,596
1965 Total .................... 16 517 11,866 12,399 NA 12,399 10 24 12,432
1970 Total .................... 7 745 15,311 16,062 NA 16,062 11 26 16,098
1975 Total .................... 1 595 17,615 18,211 NA 18,211 10 24 18,245
1980 Total .................... g
( ) 650 19,009 19,659 NA 19,659 11 27 19,697
1985 Total .................... (g) 519 19,472 19,992 50 20,042 14 32 20,088
1990 Total .................... (g) 679 21,626 22,305 60 22,366 16 37 22,419
1995 Total .................... (g) 724 22,920 23,644 112 23,757 17 38 23,812
2000 Total .................... (g) 672 25,649 26,321 135 26,456 18 42 26,515
2005 Total .................... (g) 624 27,217 27,840 339 28,179 26 56 28,261
2006 Total .................... (g) 625 27,518 28,143 475 28,618 25 54 28,697
2007 Total .................... (g) 663 27,462 28,126 602 28,727 28 60 28,815
2008 Total .................... (g) 692 25,823 26,515 825 27,339 26 56 27,421
2009 Total .................... (g) 715 24,860 25,575 935 26,510 27 56 26,592
2010 Total .................... (g) 719 25,103 25,822 1,075 26,897 26 55 26,978
2011 Total .................... (g) 734 24,626 25,360 1,166 26,526 26 54 26,606
2012 Total .................... (g) 780 24,111 24,890 1,169 26,059 25 51 26,135
2013 Total .................... (g) 887 24,362 25,249 1,292 26,542 26 53 26,620
2014 Total .................... (g) 760 24,727 25,487 1,314 26,801 26 53 26,881
2015 Total .................... (g) 745 25,083 25,828 1,351 27,179 26 51 27,256
2016 Total .................... (g) 757 25,511 26,268 1,469 27,737 26 50 27,812
2017 Total .................... (g) 799 25,702 26,500 1,474 27,974 26 50 28,049
2018 Total .................... (g) 962 26,011 26,974 1,456 28,429 26 50 28,505

2019 January ................ (g) 123 2,078 2,201 112 2,313 2 4 2,320
February .............. (g) 108 1,913 2,022 113 2,135 2 4 2,141
March ................... (g) 105 2,158 2,263 123 2,386 2 4 2,393
April ..................... (g) 79 2,148 2,228 122 2,349 2 4 2,355
May ...................... (g) 76 2,240 2,316 134 2,450 2 4 2,456
June ..................... (g) 76 2,230 2,306 128 2,434 2 4 2,440
July ...................... (g) 86 2,294 2,380 131 2,511 2 4 2,518
August ................. (g) 87 2,339 2,426 129 2,555 2 4 2,561
September ........... (g) 79 2,131 2,210 120 2,330 2 4 2,337
October ................ (g) 82 2,238 2,320 129 2,450 2 3 2,455
November ............ (g) 99 2,092 2,191 125 2,316 2 4 2,322
December ............ (g) 113 2,124 2,237 130 2,367 2 4 2,373
Total .................... (g) 1,114 25,986 27,100 1,497 28,597 26 48 28,671

2020 January ................ (g) 119 2,029 2,148 120 2,269 2 4 2,275
February .............. (g) 110 1,937 2,046 115 2,162 2 4 2,168
March ................... (g) 97 1,853 1,950 104 2,054 2 4 2,059
April ..................... (g) 80 1,397 1,478 82 1,559 2 3 1,564
May ...................... (g) 74 1,607 1,681 105 1,786 2 3 1,791
June ..................... (g) 77 1,781 1,857 122 1,979 2 3 1,984
July ...................... (g) 90 1,943 2,032 121 2,154 2 4 2,159
August ................. (g) 86 1,961 2,048 119 2,167 2 3 2,172
September ........... (g) 78 1,872 1,950 120 2,070 2 3 2,075
October ................ (g) 84 1,923 2,006 112 2,118 2 3 2,123
November ............ (g) 88 1,792 1,879 117 1,997 2 3 2,002
December ............ (g) 114 1,819 1,933 124 2,057 2 4 2,063
Total .................... (g) 1,097 21,913 23,011 1,362 24,373 22 41 24,436
2021 January ................ (g) R 118 1,803 1,921 101 2,022 2 4 2,028
February .............. (g) 109 1,638 1,746 98 1,845 2 4 1,850
March ................... (g) 94 1,972 2,066 126 2,192 2 3 2,197
April ..................... (g) 81 1,959 2,040 118 2,158 2 3 2,163
May ...................... (g) 77 2,096 2,173 133 2,306 2 3 2,311
June ..................... (g) 81 2,096 2,177 128 2,305 2 3 2,310
July ...................... (g) R 87 2,172 2,258 129 2,387 2 3 2,392
August ................. (g) 87 2,179 2,266 130 2,396 2 4 2,402
8-Month Total ..... (g) 733 15,915 16,648 964 17,612 14 27 17,653

2020 8-Month Total ..... (g) 734 14,508 15,242 889 16,130 15 28 16,173
2019 8-Month Total ..... (g) 740 17,401 18,141 992 19,134 18 33 19,184

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. section.

b See Table 10.2b for notes on series components. g Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are
c Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuels—see Note 3, reported as industrial sector consumption.
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. Data are for natural gas R=Revised. NA=Not available.
consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors) and small Notes: • Data are estimates, except for coal totals through 1977; and electricity
amounts consumed as vehicle fuel—see Table 4.3. retail sales beginning in 1979. • See Note 2, "Oher Energy Losses," at end of
d Does not include biofuels. Biofuels are included in "Biomass." Includes section. • See Note 3, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section.
non-combustion use of lubricants. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. •
e Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
f Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are data beginning in 1973.
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total Sources: See end of section.
electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  45 
Figure 2.6  Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 
                           (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

By Major Source, 1949–2020

24
Coal
20

16

12
Natural Gas
Nuclear Electric Power
8

4 Renewable Energy
Petroleum

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Major Source, Monthly

1.8

Natural Gas

1.2

Coal

0.6 Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy

Petroleum
0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total, January–August By Major Source, August 2021

30

25.112 Natural Gas 1.295

24.982
25 24.167

Coal 1.061
20

15 Nuclear Electric Power 0.728

10
Renewable Energy 0.580

5
Petroleum 0.020

0
2019 2020 2021 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
 

Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption. 
Source:  Table 2.6. 

46  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 2.6 Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Fossil Fuels Renewable Energyb
Elec-
Nuclear Hydro- tricity
Natural Petro- Electric electric Geo- Bio- Net Total
Coal Gasc leum Total Power Powerd thermal Solare Wind mass Total Importsf Primary

1950 Total ...................... 2,199 651 472 3,322 0 1,346 NA NA NA 5 1,351 6 4,679
1955 Total ...................... 3,458 1,194 471 5,123 0 1,322 NA NA NA 3 1,325 14 6,461
1960 Total ...................... 4,228 1,785 553 6,565 6 1,569 (s) NA NA 2 1,571 15 8,158
1965 Total ...................... 5,821 2,395 722 8,938 43 2,026 2 NA NA 3 2,031 (s) 11,012
1970 Total ...................... 7,227 4,054 2,117 13,399 239 2,600 6 NA NA 4 2,609 7 16,253
1975 Total ...................... 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3,122 34 NA NA 2 3,158 21 20,270
1980 Total ...................... 12,123 3,778 2,634 18,534 2,739 2,867 53 NA NA 4 2,925 71 24,269
1985 Total ...................... 14,542 3,135 1,090 18,767 4,076 2,937 97 (s) (s) 14 3,049 140 26,032
1990 Total ...................... 16,261 3,309 1,289 20,859 6,104 3,014 161 4 29 317 3,524 8 g30,495
1995 Total ...................... 17,466 4,302 755 22,523 7,075 3,149 138 5 33 422 3,747 134 33,479
2000 Total ...................... 20,220 5,293 1,144 26,658 7,862 2,768 144 5 57 453 3,427 115 38,062
2005 Total ...................... 20,737 6,015 1,222 27,974 8,161 2,670 147 6 178 406 3,406 85 39,626
2006 Total ...................... 20,462 6,375 637 27,474 8,215 2,839 145 5 264 412 3,665 63 39,417
2007 Total ...................... 20,808 7,005 648 28,461 8,459 2,430 145 6 341 423 3,345 107 40,371
2008 Total ...................... 20,513 6,829 459 27,801 8,426 2,494 146 9 546 435 3,630 112 39,969
2009 Total ...................... 18,225 7,022 382 25,630 8,355 2,650 146 9 721 441 3,967 116 38,069
2010 Total ...................... 19,133 7,528 370 27,031 8,434 2,521 148 12 923 459 4,064 89 39,619
2011 Total ...................... 18,035 7,712 295 26,042 8,269 3,085 149 17 1,167 437 4,855 127 39,293
2012 Total ...................... 15,821 9,287 214 25,322 8,062 2,606 148 40 1,339 453 4,586 161 38,131
2013 Total ...................... 16,451 8,376 255 25,082 8,244 2,529 151 83 1,600 470 4,833 197 38,357
2014 Total ...................... 16,427 8,362 295 25,085 8,338 2,454 151 165 1,726 530 5,026 182 38,629
2015 Total ...................... 14,138 9,926 276 24,341 8,337 2,308 148 228 1,776 525 4,985 227 37,890
2016 Total ...................... 12,996 10,301 244 23,542 8,427 2,459 146 328 2,094 505 5,531 227 37,727
2017 Total ...................... 12,622 9,555 218 22,395 8,419 2,752 147 486 2,341 510 6,235 192 37,241
2018 Total ...................... 12,053 10,912 260 23,225 8,438 2,651 145 576 2,480 496 6,348 152 38,163

2019 January .................. 1,058 876 22 1,956 770 220 12 32 216 41 520 11 3,258
February ................ 853 804 16 1,673 676 203 11 34 201 36 485 11 2,844
March ..................... 834 840 15 1,688 680 233 12 52 229 37 564 8 2,940
April ....................... 632 763 12 1,407 633 247 11 60 257 34 608 8 2,655
May ........................ 757 862 18 1,637 701 284 12 63 229 37 624 10 2,973
June ....................... 837 1,022 16 1,875 718 249 12 70 200 37 567 12 3,173
July ........................ 1,057 1,294 18 2,370 754 221 12 72 197 40 541 13 3,677
August ................... 991 1,318 18 2,327 751 200 12 69 178 40 500 14 3,592
September ............. 893 1,115 15 2,023 690 164 12 60 218 37 491 12 3,216
October .................. 709 966 11 1,687 648 162 10 54 246 35 507 7 2,849
November .............. 793 845 13 1,651 670 179 8 38 224 36 486 12 2,819
December .............. 766 941 15 1,722 763 190 10 30 237 39 507 14 3,006
Total ...................... 10,181 11,647 189 22,017 8,452 2,553 134 635 2,632 448 6,402 133 37,003

2020 January .................. 694 960 17 1,671 774 225 11 41 254 38 569 11 3,025
February ................ 605 906 13 1,524 689 234 11 50 262 36 593 10 2,815
March ..................... 546 906 14 1,467 668 209 13 57 263 37 579 13 2,727
April ....................... 445 787 13 1,245 618 196 13 72 262 33 575 11 2,449
May ........................ 507 859 14 1,379 672 270 13 86 252 35 656 12 2,720
June ....................... 693 1,077 17 1,787 702 258 12 85 262 33 650 13 3,152
July ........................ 941 1,414 18 2,374 725 246 13 92 198 35 583 19 3,700
August ................... 954 1,319 17 2,290 720 214 12 84 199 39 548 20 3,578
September ............. 731 1,069 12 1,813 686 170 12 70 205 33 489 13 3,001
October .................. 641 983 13 1,637 620 162 12 65 256 33 529 13 2,799
November .............. 650 791 14 1,455 645 194 13 52 299 34 591 12 2,702
December .............. 823 900 17 1,740 730 205 13 48 288 37 590 15 3,074
Total ...................... 8,231 11,972 180 20,383 8,248 2,581 147 802 2,998 424 6,952 161 35,744

2021 January .................. 858 893 17 1,768 750 232 12 51 270 36 601 14 3,133
February ................ 907 812 24 1,743 657 196 11 57 237 35 536 10 2,947
March ..................... 651 767 15 1,433 665 189 11 83 351 37 671 13 2,783
April ....................... 568 776 12 1,356 596 171 11 97 319 32 629 11 2,592
May ........................ 672 841 14 1,526 648 208 12 110 295 35 659 13 2,846
June ....................... 906 1,115 14 2,035 690 221 12 107 234 35 609 15 3,349
July ........................ 1,064 1,269 16 2,349 719 200 12 106 190 38 547 17 3,631
August ................... 1,061 1,295 20 2,376 728 190 12 105 233 39 580 17 3,700
8-Month Total ....... 6,687 7,769 130 14,586 5,453 1,607 94 715 2,130 287 4,833 110 24,982

2020 8-Month Total ....... 5,386 8,228 124 13,738 5,568 1,851 97 568 1,950 287 4,753 109 24,167
2019 8-Month Total ....... 7,019 7,779 134 14,933 5,682 1,856 94 452 1,707 301 4,410 88 25,112

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal
b See Table 10.2c for notes on series components. output. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See
d Conventional hydroelectric power. Note 3, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. • Totals may
e Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal electricity net generation in the not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
electric power sector. See Tables 10.2c and 10.5. coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
f Net imports equal imports minus exports. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
for electric utilities and independent power producers. data beginning in 1973.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  47 
Table 2.7 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years
(Trillion Btu)
Fiscal Agri- Postal Trans- Veterans
Yeara culture Defense DHSb Energy GSAc HHSd Interior Justice NASAe Service portation Affairs Otherf Total

1975 .......... 9.5 1,360.2 –– 50.4 22.3 6.5 9.4 5.9 13.4 30.5 19.3 27.1 10.5 1,565.0
1976 .......... 9.3 1,183.3 –– 50.3 20.6 6.7 9.4 5.7 12.4 30.0 19.5 25.0 11.2 1,383.4
1977 .......... 8.9 1,192.3 –– 51.6 20.4 6.9 9.5 5.9 12.0 32.7 20.4 25.9 11.9 1,398.5
1978 .......... 9.1 1,157.8 –– 50.1 20.4 6.5 9.2 5.9 11.2 30.9 20.6 26.8 12.4 1,360.9
1979 .......... 9.2 1,175.8 –– 49.6 19.6 6.4 10.4 6.4 11.1 29.3 19.6 25.7 12.3 1,375.4
1980 .......... 8.6 1,183.1 –– 47.4 18.1 6.0 8.5 5.7 10.4 27.2 19.2 24.8 12.3 1,371.2
1981 .......... 7.9 1,239.5 –– 47.3 18.0 6.7 7.6 5.4 10.0 27.9 18.8 24.0 11.1 1,424.2
1982 .......... 7.6 1,264.5 –– 49.0 18.1 6.4 7.4 5.8 10.1 27.5 19.1 24.2 11.6 1,451.4
1983 .......... 7.4 1,248.3 –– 49.5 16.1 6.2 7.7 5.5 10.3 26.5 19.4 24.1 10.8 1,431.8
1984 .......... 7.9 1,292.1 –– 51.6 16.2 6.4 8.4 6.4 10.6 27.7 19.8 24.6 10.7 1,482.5
1985 .......... 8.4 1,250.6 –– 52.2 20.7 6.0 7.8 8.2 10.9 27.8 19.6 25.1 13.1 1,450.3
1986 .......... 6.8 1,222.8 –– 46.9 14.0 6.2 6.9 8.6 11.2 28.0 19.4 25.0 10.8 1,406.7
1987 .......... 7.3 1,280.5 –– 48.5 13.1 6.6 6.6 8.1 11.3 28.5 19.0 24.9 11.9 1,466.3
1988 .......... 7.8 1,165.8 –– 49.9 12.4 6.4 7.0 9.4 11.3 29.6 18.7 26.3 15.8 1,360.3
1989 .......... 8.7 1,274.4 –– 44.2 12.7 6.7 7.1 7.7 12.4 30.3 18.5 26.2 15.6 1,464.7
1990 .......... 9.6 1,241.7 –– 43.5 17.5 7.1 7.4 7.0 12.4 30.6 19.0 24.9 17.5 1,438.0
1991 .......... 9.6 1,269.3 –– 42.1 14.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 12.5 30.8 19.0 25.1 18.1 1,461.7
1992 .......... 9.1 1,104.0 –– 44.3 13.8 6.8 7.0 7.5 12.6 31.7 17.0 25.3 15.7 1,294.8
1993 .......... 9.3 1,048.8 –– 43.4 14.1 7.2 7.5 9.1 12.4 33.7 19.4 25.7 16.2 1,246.8
1994 .......... 9.4 977.0 –– 42.1 14.0 7.5 7.9 10.3 12.6 35.0 19.8 25.6 17.1 1,178.2
1995 .......... 9.0 926.0 –– 47.3 13.7 6.1 6.4 10.2 12.4 36.2 18.7 25.4 17.1 1,128.5
1996 .......... 9.1 904.5 –– 44.6 14.5 6.6 4.3 12.1 11.5 36.4 19.6 26.8 17.7 1,107.7
1997 .......... 7.4 880.0 –– 43.1 14.4 7.9 6.6 12.0 12.0 40.8 19.1 27.3 20.8 1,091.2
1998 .......... 7.9 837.1 –– 31.5 14.1 7.4 6.4 15.8 11.7 39.5 18.5 27.6 19.5 1,037.1
1999 .......... 7.8 810.7 –– 27.0 14.4 7.1 7.5 15.4 11.4 39.8 22.6 27.5 19.8 1,010.9
2000 .......... 7.4 779.1 –– 30.5 17.6 8.0 7.8 19.7 11.1 43.3 21.2 27.0 20.3 993.1
2001 .......... 7.4 787.2 –– 31.1 18.4 8.5 9.5 19.7 10.9 43.4 17.8 27.7 20.7 1,002.3
2002 .......... 7.2 837.5 –– 30.7 17.5 8.0 8.2 17.7 10.7 41.6 18.3 27.7 18.4 1,043.4
2003 .......... 7.7 895.1 18.3 31.9 18.5 10.1 7.3 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.5 30.6 22.7 1,132.3
2004 .......... 7.0 960.7 23.5 31.4 18.3 8.8 8.7 17.5 9.9 50.5 5.2 29.9 20.4 1,191.7
2005 .......... 7.5 933.2 18.9 29.6 18.4 9.6 8.6 18.8 10.3 53.5 5.0 30.0 23.2 1,166.4
2006 .......... 6.8 843.7 17.1 32.9 18.2 9.3 8.1 23.5 10.2 51.8 4.6 29.3 20.9 1,076.4
2007 .......... 6.8 864.6 17.1 31.5 19.1 9.9 7.5 20.7 10.6 45.8 5.6 30.0 21.0 1,090.2
2008 .......... 6.5 910.8 21.7 32.1 18.8 10.3 7.1 19.0 10.8 47.1 7.7 29.0 22.4 1,143.2
2009 .......... 6.6 874.3 18.6 31.1 18.6 10.8 7.9 16.5 10.2 44.2 4.3 29.9 21.8 1,094.8
2010 .......... 6.8 889.9 21.2 31.7 18.8 10.4 7.3 15.7 10.1 43.3 5.7 30.2 21.8 1,112.7
2011 .......... 8.3 890.3 20.3 33.1 18.5 10.5 7.3 13.9 10.1 43.0 6.7 30.6 21.4 1,114.1
2012 .......... 6.7 828.5 20.1 30.3 16.3 10.0 6.7 15.1 8.9 40.8 5.6 29.7 20.5 1,039.3
2013 .......... 7.3 749.5 18.9 28.9 16.4 10.5 6.2 15.3 8.7 41.9 5.3 29.9 20.4 959.3
2014 .......... 6.3 730.6 18.5 29.4 17.0 9.5 6.2 15.6 8.3 43.0 5.2 31.4 20.6 941.5
2015 .......... 6.2 734.5 17.9 30.1 16.3 9.0 6.8 16.2 8.4 44.0 6.0 30.7 19.8 945.8
2016 .......... 6.2 709.2 18.1 28.9 15.8 8.7 6.4 15.6 8.5 43.9 6.0 30.3 19.5 917.2
2017 .......... 6.3 707.9 19.2 28.8 15.0 8.8 5.9 15.5 8.6 43.7 6.6 29.1 19.7 915.1
2018 .......... 6.1 690.6 16.8 27.3 15.6 10.0 6.1 16.2 8.4 45.5 5.8 29.7 18.8 897.0
2019 .......... 5.9 682.1 16.2 27.2 15.4 9.8 6.2 15.8 8.5 46.0 5.9 31.9 19.1 890.0
2020 .......... 5.4 648.8 17.1 26.4 14.4 9.5 5.5 14.6 8.1 46.1 5.5 30.6 17.0 849.0

a For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through differ from those in Tables A1–A6. • Data include energy consumed at foreign
June 30. Beginning in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 installations and in foreign operations, including aviation and ocean bunkering,
through September 30 (for example, fiscal year 2014 is October 2013 through primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy use for
September 2014). electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • Totals may not equal
b U.S. Department of Homeland Security. sum of components due to independent rounding.
c General Services Administration. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
d U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (Excel and CSV files) for all annual data beginning in 1975.
e National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Sources: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
f Includes all U.S. government agencies not separately displayed. See and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy Management Program. See
http://ctsedwweb.ee.doe.gov/Annual/Report/AgencyReference.aspx for agency list. http://ctsedwweb.ee.doe.gov/Annual/Report/Report.aspx, "A-1 Total Site-Delivered
– – =Not applicable. Energy Use in All End-Use Sectors, by Federal Agency (Billion Btu)".
Notes: • Data in this table are developed using conversion factors that often
 
 

48  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 2.8 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years
(Trillion Btu)
Petroleum
Other Purchased
Fiscal Natural Aviation Motor Mobility Elec- Steam
Yeara Coal Gasb Gasoline Fuel Oilc Jet Fuel LPGd Gasolinee Total Fuelsf tricity and Otherg Total

1975 .............. 77.9 166.2 22.0 376.0 707.4 5.6 63.2 1,174.2 0.0 141.5 5.1 1,565.0
1976 .............. 71.3 151.8 11.6 329.7 610.0 4.7 60.4 1,016.4 .0 139.3 4.6 1,383.4
1977 .............. 68.4 141.2 8.8 348.5 619.2 4.1 61.4 1,042.1 .0 141.1 5.7 1,398.5
1978 .............. 66.0 144.7 6.2 332.3 601.1 3.0 60.1 1,002.9 .0 141.0 6.4 1,360.9
1979 .............. 65.1 148.9 4.7 327.1 618.6 3.7 59.1 1,013.1 .0 141.2 7.1 1,375.4
1980 .............. 63.5 147.3 4.9 307.7 638.7 3.8 56.5 1,011.6 .2 141.9 6.8 1,371.2
1981 .............. 65.1 142.2 4.6 351.3 653.3 3.5 53.2 1,066.0 .2 144.5 6.2 1,424.2
1982 .............. 68.6 146.2 3.6 349.4 672.7 3.7 53.1 1,082.5 .2 147.5 6.2 1,451.4
1983 .............. 62.4 147.8 2.6 329.5 673.4 3.8 51.6 1,060.8 .2 151.5 9.0 1,431.8
1984 .............. 65.3 157.4 1.9 342.9 693.7 3.9 51.2 1,093.6 .2 155.9 10.1 1,482.5
1985 .............. 64.8 149.9 1.9 292.6 705.7 3.8 50.4 1,054.3 .2 167.2 13.9 1,450.3
1986 .............. 63.8 140.9 1.4 271.6 710.2 3.6 45.3 1,032.1 .3 155.8 13.7 1,406.7
1987 .............. 67.0 145.6 1.0 319.5 702.3 3.6 43.1 1,069.5 .4 169.9 13.9 1,466.3
1988 .............. 60.2 144.6 6.0 284.8 617.2 2.7 41.2 951.9 .4 171.2 32.0 1,360.3
1989 .............. 48.7 152.4 .8 245.3 761.7 3.5 41.1 1,052.4 2.2 188.6 20.6 1,464.7
1990 .............. 44.3 159.4 .5 245.2 732.4 3.8 37.2 1,019.1 2.6 193.6 19.1 1,438.0
1991 .............. 45.9 154.1 .4 232.6 774.5 3.0 34.1 1,044.7 6.0 192.7 18.3 1,461.7
1992 .............. 51.7 151.2 1.0 200.6 628.2 3.0 35.6 868.4 8.4 192.5 22.5 1,294.8
1993 .............. 38.3 152.9 .7 187.0 612.4 3.5 34.5 838.1 5.8 193.1 18.6 1,246.8
1994 .............. 35.0 143.9 .6 198.5 550.7 3.2 29.5 782.6 7.7 190.9 18.2 1,178.2
1995 .............. 31.7 149.4 .3 178.4 522.3 3.0 31.9 735.9 8.4 184.8 18.2 1,128.5
1996 .............. 23.3 147.3 .2 170.5 513.0 3.1 27.6 714.4 18.7 184.0 20.1 1,107.7
1997 .............. 22.5 153.8 .3 180.0 475.7 2.6 39.0 697.6 14.5 183.6 19.2 1,091.2
1998 .............. 23.9 140.4 .2 174.5 445.5 3.5 43.0 666.8 5.9 181.4 18.8 1,037.1
1999 .............. 21.2 137.4 .1 162.1 444.7 2.4 41.1 650.4 .4 180.0 21.5 1,010.9
2000 .............. 22.7 133.8 .2 171.3 403.1 2.5 43.9 621.0 1.8 193.6 20.2 993.1
2001 .............. 18.8 133.7 .2 176.9 415.2 3.1 42.5 638.0 4.8 188.4 18.6 1,002.3
2002 .............. 16.9 133.7 .2 165.6 472.9 2.8 41.3 682.8 3.2 188.3 18.5 1,043.4
2003 .............. 18.1 135.5 .3 190.8 517.9 3.2 46.3 758.4 3.3 193.8 23.2 1,132.3
2004 .............. 17.4 135.3 .2 261.4 508.2 2.9 44.1 816.9 3.1 197.1 22.0 1,191.7
2005 .............. 17.1 135.7 .4 241.4 492.2 3.4 48.8 786.1 5.6 197.6 24.3 1,166.4
2006 .............. 23.5 132.6 .6 209.3 442.6 2.7 48.3 703.6 2.1 196.7 18.2 1,076.4
2007 .............. 20.4 131.5 .4 212.9 461.1 2.7 46.5 723.7 2.9 194.9 16.7 1,090.2
2008 .............. 20.8 129.6 .4 198.4 525.4 2.3 49.0 775.4 3.6 196.1 17.7 1,143.2
2009 .............. 20.3 131.7 .3 166.4 505.7 3.2 48.3 723.9 10.1 191.3 17.7 1,094.8
2010 .............. 20.0 130.1 .4 157.8 535.8 2.5 51.3 747.7 3.0 193.7 18.2 1,112.7
2011 .............. 18.5 124.7 .9 166.5 533.6 2.0 52.7 755.8 2.7 193.2 19.1 1,114.1
2012 .............. 15.9 116.2 .4 148.6 493.5 1.7 50.1 694.4 3.1 187.2 22.5 1,039.3
2013 .............. 14.3 122.5 .7 140.0 424.0 1.9 46.6 613.2 2.8 184.7 21.8 959.3
2014 .............. 13.5 125.6 .3 133.5 414.3 1.8 44.9 594.8 3.6 182.1 21.9 941.5
2015 .............. 12.6 122.2 .3 134.4 418.9 1.8 46.8 602.2 3.7 184.3 20.9 945.8
2016 .............. 10.2 115.4 .3 129.7 403.9 1.7 46.5 582.2 3.6 184.5 21.4 917.2
2017 .............. 9.1 115.1 .3 135.1 400.1 1.5 46.4 583.5 2.7 181.7 23.0 915.1
2018 .............. 6.2 125.8 .3 127.8 383.2 1.7 45.5 558.5 3.0 180.0 23.6 897.0
2019 .............. 5.0 131.7 .3 125.4 376.8 1.9 46.6 551.0 2.7 178.2 21.5 890.0
2020 .............. 5.2 128.3 .2 129.6 345.0 1.7 43.3 520.0 1.6 173.8 20.3 849.0

a For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through g Other types of energy used in facilities. Primarily includes chilled water, but
June 30. Beginning in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 also includes small amounts of renewable energy such as wood and solar thermal.
through September 30 (for example, fiscal year 2014 is October 2013 through Notes: • Data in this table are developed using conversion factors that often
September 2014). differ from those in Tables A1–A6. • Data include energy consumed at foreign
b Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. installations and in foreign operations, including aviation and ocean bunkering,
c Distillate fuel oil, including diesel fuel; and residual fuel oil, including Navy primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy use for
Special. electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • Totals may not equal
d Liquefied petroleum gases, primarily propane. sum of components due to independent rounding.
e Includes E10 (a mixture of 10% ethanol and 90% motor gasoline) and E15 (a Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
mixture of 15% ethanol and 85% motor gasoline). (Excel and CSV files) for all annual data beginning in 1975.
f Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment. Primarily includes Sources: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG); liquefied natural gas and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy Management Program. See
(LNG); E85 (a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% motor gasoline); B20 (a mixture of http://ctsedwweb.ee.doe.gov/Annual/Report/Report.aspx, "A-5 Historical Federal
20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel); B100 (100% biodiesel); hydrogen; and Energy Consumption and Cost Data by Agency and Energy Type (FY 1975 to
methanol. Present)".
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  49 
Energy Consumption by Sector
Note 1.  Electrical System Energy Losses.  Electrical system energy losses are calculated as the difference between total 
primary consumption by the electric power sector (see Table 2.6) and the total energy content of electricity retail sales 
(see Tables 7.6 and A6).  Most of these losses occur at steam‐electric power plants (conventional and nuclear) in the 
conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy to turn electric generators.  The loss is a thermodynamically necessary 
feature of the steam‐electric cycle. Part of the energy input‐to‐output losses is a result of imputing fossil energy 
equivalent inputs for hydroelectric, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources.  In addition to 
conversion losses, other losses include power plant use of electricity, transmission and distribution of electricity from 
power plants to end‐use consumers (also called "line losses"), and unaccounted‐for electricity.  Total losses are allocated 
to the end‐use sectors in proportion to each sector's share of total electricity sales.  Overall, about two thirds of total 
energy input is lost in conversion.  Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 5% is lost in plant use and 7% is lost 
in transmission and distribution. 

Note 2.  Other Energy Losses.  Similar to electrical system energy losses, there are also other energy losses from energy 
consumption not separately identified. There are losses in the production of energy, the transformation of one form of 
energy to another form of energy, and the distribution and use of energy. For example, there are transformation losses 
in the process of refining crude oil into usable petroleum products, processing natural gas into marketable dry gas, and 
in the process of converting energy from the sun into usable energy with solar panels. All uses of primary energy have 
efficiency losses, usually in the form of heat, when energy is converted to do useful work. Examples include when motor 
gasoline is burned to move vehicles, when natural gas is burned to heat homes, or in any household appliance that uses 
electricity. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory estimates primary energy losses by end‐use sector by applying 
an end‐use efficiency factor to EIA’s Monthly Energy Review consumption data. https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/.  

Note 3.  Energy Consumption Data and Surveys.  Most of the data in this section of the Monthly Energy Review (MER) 
are developed from a group of energy‐related surveys, typically called "supply surveys," conducted by the U.S. Energy 
Information Administration (EIA).  Supply surveys are directed to suppliers and marketers of specific energy sources. 
They measure the quantities of specific energy sources produced, or the quantities supplied to the market, or both.  The 
data obtained from EIA's supply surveys are integrated to yield the summary consumption statistics published in this 
section (and in Section 1) of the MER. 

Users of EIA's energy consumption statistics should be aware of a second group of energy‐related surveys, typically 
called "consumption surveys." Consumption surveys gather information on the types of energy consumed by end users 
of energy, along with the characteristics of those end users that can be associated with energy use.  For example, the 
“Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey” belongs to the consumption survey group because it collects information 
directly from end users (the manufacturing establishments).  There are important differences between the supply and 
consumption surveys that need to be taken into account in any analysis that uses both data sources.  For information on 
those differences, see “Energy Consumption by End‐Use Sector, A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and Supply 
Surveys,” DOE/EIA‐0533, U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC, April 6, 1990. 

Table 2.2 Sources 
Coal
1949–2007:  Residential sector coal consumption data from Table 6.2 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
residential and commercial sectors coal consumption heat content factors in Table A5. 

Natural Gas
1949–1979: Residential sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 are 
converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas end‐use sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4. 

1980 forward:  Residential sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 
are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas end‐use sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4.  
The residential sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels data in Btu is estimated using the method described in 
Note 3, “Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,” at the end of Section 4.  Residential sector natural gas (excluding supplemental 
50  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
gaseous fuels) consumption is equal to residential sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) 
consumption minus the residential sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. 

Petroleum
1949 forward: Table 3.8a. 

Fossil Fuels Total

1949–2007:  Residential sector total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption values for 
coal, natural gas, and petroleum. 

2008 forward:  Residential sector total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption values 
for natural gas and petroleum. 

Renewable Energy
1949 forward: Table 10.2a. 

Total Primary Energy Consumption

1949 forward:  Residential sector total primary energy consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption 
values for fossil fuels and renewable energy. 

Electricity Retail Sales

1949 forward:  Residential sector electricity retail sales from Table 7.6 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
electricity heat content factor in Table A6. 

Electrical System Energy Losses

1949 forward:  Total electrical system energy losses are equal to electric power sector total primary energy consumption 
from Table 2.6 minus total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6 (converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat 
content factor in Table A6).  Total electrical system energy losses are allocated to the residential sector in proportion to 
the residential sector’s share of total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6.  See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy 
Losses."  

Total Energy Consumption

1949 forward:  Residential sector total energy consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption values for 
total primary energy, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. 

Table 2.3 Sources 
Coal
1949 forward:  Commercial sector coal consumption data from Table 6.2 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
residential and commercial sectors coal consumption heat content factors in Table A5. 

Natural Gas
1949–1979:  Commercial sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 are 
converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas end‐use sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4. 

1980 forward:  Commercial sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 
are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas end‐use sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4.  
The commercial sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels data in Btu is estimated using the method described in 
Note 3, “Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,” at the end of Section 4.  Commercial sector natural gas (excluding supplemental 
gaseous fuels) consumption is equal to commercial sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) 
consumption minus the commercial sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. 

Petroleum
1949–1992:  Table 3.8a. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  51 
1993–2008:  The commercial sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to commercial sector motor gasoline 
consumption from Table 3.7a divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5.  Commercial sector fuel 
ethanol (including denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption from 
Table 10.3 multiplied by the commercial sector share of motor gasoline consumption.  Commercial sector petroleum 
(excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to commercial sector petroleum (including biofuels) consumption from Table 
3.8a minus commercial sector fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption. 

2009 forward:  Commercial sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (minus 
denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the commercial sector share of motor gasoline consumption 
(see 1993–2008 sources above).  Commercial sector petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to commercial 
sector petroleum (including biofuels) consumption from Table 3.8a minus commercial sector fuel ethanol (minus 
denaturant) consumption. 

Fossil Fuels Total

1949 forward:  Commercial sector total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption 
values for coal, natural gas, and petroleum. 

Renewable Energy
1949 forward: Table 10.2a. 

Total Primary Energy Consumption

1949 forward:  Commercial sector total primary energy consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption 
values for fossil fuels and renewable energy. 

Electricity Retail Sales

1949 forward:  Commercial sector electricity retail sales from Table 7.6 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
electricity heat content factor in Table A6. 

Electrical System Energy Losses

1949 forward:  Total electrical system energy losses are equal to electric power sector total primary energy consumption 
from Table 2.6 minus total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6 (converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat 
content factor in Table A6).  Total electrical system energy losses are allocated to the commercial sector in proportion to 
the commercial sector’s share of total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6.  See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy 
Losses." 

Total Energy Consumption

1949 forward:  Commercial sector total energy consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for 
total primary energy, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. 

Table 2.4 Sources 
Coal
1949 forward:  Coke plants coal consumption from Table 6.2 is converted to Btu by multiplying by the coke plants coal 
consumption heat content factors in Table A5.  Other industrial coal consumption from Table 6.2 is converted to Btu by 
multiplying by the other industrial coal consumption heat content factors in Table A5.  Industrial sector coal 
consumption is equal to coke plants coal consumption and other industrial coal consumption. 

Natural Gas
1949–1979:  Industrial sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 are 
converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas end‐use sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4. 

1980 forward:  Industrial sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 are 
converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas end‐use sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4.  The 
industrial sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels data in Btu is estimated using the method described in Note 3, 
“Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,” at the end of Section 4.  Industrial sector natural gas (excluding supplemental gaseous 
52  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
fuels) consumption is equal to industrial sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption minus 
the industrial sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. 

Petroleum
1949–1992:  Table 3.8b. 

1993–2008:  The industrial sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to industrial sector motor gasoline 
consumption from Table 3.7b divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5.  Industrial sector fuel ethanol 
(including denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 
multiplied by the industrial sector share of motor gasoline consumption.  Industrial sector petroleum (excluding biofuels) 
consumption is equal to industrial sector petroleum (including biofuels) consumption from Table 3.8b minus industrial 
sector fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption. 

2009 forward:  Industrial sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (minus 
denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the industrial sector share of motor gasoline consumption (see 
1993–2008 sources above).  Industrial sector petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to industrial sector 
petroleum (including biofuels) consumption from Table 3.8b minus industrial sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) 
consumption. 

Coal Coke Net Imports

1949 forward:  Coal coke net imports are equal to coal coke imports from Table 1.4a minus coal coke exports from Table 
1.4b. 

Fossil Fuels Total

1949 forward:  Industrial sector total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for 
coal, natural gas, and petroleum, plus coal coke net imports. 

Renewable Energy
1949 forward: Table 10.2b. 

Total Primary Energy Consumption

1949 forward:  Industrial sector total primary energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption 
values for fossil fuels and renewable energy. 

Electricity Retail Sales

1949 forward:  Industrial sector electricity retail sales from Table 7.6 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
electricity heat content factor in Table A6. 

Electrical System Energy Losses

1949 forward:  Total electrical system energy losses are equal to electric power sector total primary energy consumption 
from Table 2.6 minus total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6 (converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat 
content factor in Table A6).  Total electrical system energy losses are allocated to the industrial sector in proportion to 
the industrial sector’s share of total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6.  See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses." 

Total Energy Consumption

1949 forward:  Industrial sector total energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for 
total primary energy, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. 

Table 2.5 Sources 
Coal
1949–1977:  Transportation sector coal consumption data from Table 6.2 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
other industrial sector coal consumption heat content factors in Table A5. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  53 
Natural Gas
1949 forward:  Transportation sector natural gas consumption data from Table 4.3 are converted to Btu by multiplying 
by the natural gas end‐use sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4. 

Petroleum
1949–1992: Table 3.8c. 
 
1993–2008: The transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to transportation sector motor 
gasoline consumption from Table 3.7c divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5. Transportation sector 
fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption from 
Table 10.3 multiplied by the transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption. Transportation sector 
petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to transportation sector petroleum (including biofuels) 
consumption from Table 3.8c minus transportation sector fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption. 
 
2009–2011: Transportation sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (minus 
denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption 
(see 1993–2008 sources above). Transportation sector petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to: 
transportation sector petroleum (including biofuels) consumption from Table 3.8c; minus transportation sector fuel 
ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption; minus biodiesel consumption, calculated using biodiesel data from U.S. 
Energy Information Administration (EIA), EIA‐22M, "Monthly Biodiesel Production Survey"; and biomass‐based diesel 
fuel data from EIA‐810, "Monthly Refinery Report," EIA‐812, "Monthly Product Pipeline Report," and EIA‐815, "Monthly 
Bulk Terminal and Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor in 
Table A1); minus renewable diesel fuel and other biofuels refinery and blender net inputs, calculated using “other 
renewable diesel fuel” and “other renewable fuels” data from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, 
“Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the heat content factors 
for renewable diesel fuel and other biofuels in Table A1). 
 
2012–2020: Transportation sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (minus 
denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption 
(see 1993–2008 sources above). Transportation sector petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to: 
transportation sector petroleum (including biofuels) consumption from Table 3.8c; minus transportation sector fuel 
ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption; minus biodiesel consumption from Table 10.4; minus renewable diesel fuel 
and other biofuels refinery and blender net inputs, calculated using “other renewable diesel fuel” and “other renewable 
fuels” data from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report” (the 
data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the heat content factors for renewable diesel fuel and other biofuels in 
Table A1). 
 
2021 forward: Transportation sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (minus 
denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption 
(see 1993–2008 sources above). Transportation sector petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to: 
transportation sector petroleum (including biofuels) consumption from Table 3.8c; minus transportation sector fuel 
ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption; minus biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, and other biofuels refinery and 
blender net inputs and products supplied, calculated using “renewable fuels except fuel ethanol“ refinery and blender 
net inputs and products supplied from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Monthly (data are 
converted to Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1). 

Fossil Fuels Total

1949–1977:  Transportation sector total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the transportation sector consumption 
values for coal, natural gas, and petroleum. 

1978 forward:  Transportation sector total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the transportation sector consumption 
values for natural gas and petroleum. 

Renewable Energy
1981 forward:  Table 10.2b. 
54  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Total Primary Energy Consumption
1949 –1980:  Transportation sector total primary energy consumption is equal to transportation sector fossil fuels 
consumption. 

1981 forward:  Transportation sector total primary energy consumption is the sum of the transportation sector 
consumption values for fossil fuels and renewable energy. 

Electricity Retail Sales

1949 forward:  Transportation sector electricity retail sales from Table 7.6 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
electricity heat content factor in Table A6. 

Electrical System Energy Losses

1949 forward:  Total electrical system energy losses are equal to electric power sector total primary energy consumption 
from Table 2.6 minus total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6 (converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat 
content factor in Table A6).  Total electrical system energy losses are allocated to the transportation sector in proportion 
to the transportation sector’s share of total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6.  See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy 
Losses." 

Total Energy Consumption

1949 forward:  Transportation sector total energy consumption is the sum of the transportation sector consumption 
values for total primary energy, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. 

Table 2.6 Sources 
Coal
1949 forward:  Electric power sector coal consumption data from Table 6.2 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
electric power sector coal consumption heat content factors in Table A5. 

Natural Gas
1949–1979:  Electric power sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 
are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas electric power sector consumption heat content factors in Table 
A4. 

1980 forward:  Electric power sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 
4.3 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas electric power sector consumption heat content factors in 
Table A4.  The electric power sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels data in Btu is estimated using the method 
described in Note 3, “Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,” at the end of Section 4.  Electric power sector natural gas (excluding 
supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption is equal to electric power sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous 
fuels) consumption minus the electric power sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. 

Petroleum
1949 forward:  Table 3.8c. 

Fossil Fuels Total

1949 forward:  Electric power sector total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the electric power sector consumption 
values for coal, natural gas, and petroleum. 

Nuclear Electric Power

1949 forward:  Nuclear electricity net generation data from Table 7.2a are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
nuclear heat rate factors in Table A6. 

Renewable Energy
1949 forward:  Table 10.2c. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  55 
Electricity Net Imports
1949 forward:  Electricity net imports are equal to electricity imports from Table 1.4a minus electricity exports from 
Table 1.4b. 

Total Primary Energy Consumption

1949 forward:  Electric power sector total primary energy consumption is the sum of the electric power sector 
consumption values for fossil fuels, nuclear electric power, and renewable energy, plus electricity net imports.

56  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

3. Petroleum

       
Figure 3.1  Petroleum Overview 
                            (Million Barrels Per Day) 
 

Overview, 1949–2020
25

20
Products Supplied

15
Net Imports

10

5 Total Field Production [a]

-5
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Field Production, 1949–2020

14

12

10

8
Crude Oil [b]
6

4
Natural Gas Liquids
2

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Overview, January–October
Total Field Production [a], Monthly

2019 2020 2021 20

25
20.5 16
19.7
20 18.1
17.0 16.5 16.3

15 12

10 8

5
0.9 4
0.1
0 2019 2020 2021
-0.6
0
-5 J F M A M J J A S O N D
Total Field Net Imports Products Supplied
Production [a]
 

[a] Crude oil, including lease condensate, and natural gas liquids field  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. 
production.  Source:  Table 3.1. 
[b] Includes lease condensate.   
 
 
 

58  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.1 Petroleum Overview
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Field Productiona Trade
Renew-
Crude Oilb,c able
Natural Fuels Process- Petroleum
48 Gas and Oxy- ing Im- Ex- Net Stock Adjust- Products
Statesd Alaska Total Liquids Totalc genatese Gainf portsg ports Importsh Changei mentsc,j Supplied

1950 Average .................. 5,407 0 5,407 499 5,906 NA 2 850 305 545 -56 -51 6,458
1955 Average .................. 6,807 0 6,807 771 7,578 NA 34 1,248 368 880 (s) -37 8,455
1960 Average .................. 7,034 2 7,035 929 7,965 NA 146 1,815 202 1,613 -83 -8 9,797
1965 Average .................. 7,774 30 7,804 1,210 9,014 NA 220 2,468 187 2,281 -8 -10 11,512
1970 Average .................. 9,408 229 9,637 1,660 11,297 NA 359 3,419 259 3,161 103 -16 14,697
1975 Average .................. 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,007 NA 460 6,056 209 5,846 32 41 16,322
1980 Average .................. 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 NA 597 6,909 544 6,365 140 64 17,056
1985 Average .................. 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 NA 557 5,067 781 4,286 -103 200 15,726
1990 Average .................. 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 NA 683 8,018 857 7,161 107 338 16,988
1995 Average .................. 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 NA 774 8,835 949 7,886 -246 496 17,725
2000 Average .................. 4,851 970 5,822 1,911 7,733 NA 948 11,459 1,040 10,419 -69 532 19,701
2005 Average .................. 4,320 864 5,184 1,717 6,901 NA 989 13,714 1,165 12,549 k 146 509 20,802
2006 Average .................. 4,345 741 5,086 1,739 6,825 NA 994 13,707 1,317 12,390 59 537 20,687
2007 Average .................. 4,352 722 5,074 1,783 6,857 NA 996 13,468 1,433 12,036 -152 640 20,680
2008 Average .................. 4,317 683 5,000 1,784 6,783 NA 993 12,915 1,802 11,114 195 803 19,498
2009 Average .................. 4,711 645 5,357 1,910 7,267 746 979 11,691 2,024 9,667 107 221 18,771
2010 Average .................. 4,885 600 5,484 2,074 7,558 907 1,068 11,793 2,353 9,441 42 246 19,178
2011 Average .................. 5,113 561 5,674 2,216 7,890 1,016 1,076 11,436 2,986 8,450 -138 325 18,896
2012 Average .................. 5,997 526 6,523 2,408 8,931 964 1,059 10,598 3,205 7,393 151 286 18,482
2013 Average .................. 6,983 515 7,498 2,606 10,103 1,002 1,087 9,859 3,621 6,237 -138 398 18,967
2014 Average .................. 8,296 496 8,792 3,015 11,807 1,055 1,081 9,241 4,176 5,065 267 361 19,100
2015 Average .................. 8,958 483 9,441 3,342 12,783 1,095 1,062 9,449 4,738 4,711 431 312 19,532
2016 Average .................. 8,354 490 8,844 3,509 12,354 1,158 1,118 10,055 5,261 4,795 125 392 19,692
2017 Average .................. 8,862 495 9,357 3,783 13,140 1,198 1,111 10,144 6,376 3,768 -364 371 19,952
2018 Average .................. 10,462 479 10,941 4,369 15,310 1,234 1,138 9,943 7,601 2,341 44 532 20,512
2019 January .................... 11,352 496 11,848 4,554 16,402 1,112 1,109 9,768 7,982 1,786 246 452 20,615
February .................. 11,165 488 11,653 4,713 16,365 1,115 1,007 8,671 8,219 452 -597 748 20,284
March ....................... 11,418 481 11,899 4,729 16,628 1,087 1,038 8,905 7,946 959 -100 363 20,176
April ......................... 11,649 475 12,125 4,790 16,915 1,138 1,065 9,525 8,382 1,143 596 668 20,333
May .......................... 11,666 474 12,141 4,840 16,981 1,151 1,064 9,893 8,238 1,655 1,281 818 20,387
June ......................... 11,724 455 12,179 4,795 16,974 1,159 1,076 9,297 8,576 720 -99 626 20,654
July .......................... 11,447 448 11,896 4,707 16,603 1,155 1,066 9,601 8,084 1,517 158 552 20,735
August ..................... 12,093 382 12,475 4,766 17,241 1,133 1,099 9,387 8,438 949 -271 466 21,158
September ............... 12,123 449 12,572 4,990 17,562 1,071 1,018 8,712 8,672 40 -77 481 20,248
October .................... 12,296 475 12,771 5,022 17,793 1,093 1,014 8,599 9,039 -440 -532 722 20,714
November ................ 12,482 484 12,966 4,995 17,961 1,129 1,131 8,103 8,741 -638 -284 870 20,736
December ................ 12,429 481 12,910 4,992 17,902 1,157 1,133 9,159 9,331 -171 -44 378 20,443
Average .................. 11,824 466 12,289 4,825 17,114 1,125 1,069 9,141 8,471 670 28 593 20,543

2020 January .................... 12,302 482 12,785 5,206 17,991 1,161 1,128 8,580 9,228 -649 581 883 19,933
February .................. 12,349 477 12,826 5,052 17,878 1,144 941 8,482 9,589 -1,108 -592 685 20,132
March ....................... 12,347 470 12,816 5,253 18,069 1,049 974 8,361 9,522 -1,162 1,420 952 18,463
April ......................... 11,449 463 11,911 4,934 16,846 671 774 7,241 8,353 -1,112 2,658 29 14,549
May .......................... 9,307 404 9,711 4,745 14,457 787 808 7,762 7,112 650 1,263 639 16,078
June ......................... 10,059 361 10,420 5,195 15,614 969 871 8,368 7,608 760 1,105 470 17,578
July .......................... 10,512 444 10,956 5,368 16,324 1,033 929 7,846 8,485 -639 -116 618 18,381
August ..................... 10,114 444 10,558 5,351 15,909 1,025 924 7,450 8,550 -1,100 -807 993 18,558
September ............... 10,426 442 10,868 5,308 16,176 1,036 948 7,558 8,315 -756 -658 353 18,415
October .................... 9,954 459 10,413 5,297 15,711 1,058 924 7,376 8,389 -1,013 -1,306 628 18,614
November ................ 10,657 464 11,121 5,321 16,442 1,099 934 7,616 7,913 -297 64 628 18,743
December ................ 10,621 463 11,084 5,058 16,142 1,074 915 7,738 8,924 -1,186 -1,464 393 18,802
Average .................. 10,835 448 11,283 5,175 16,458 1,009 923 7,863 8,498 -635 176 608 18,186

2021 January .................... E 10,598 E 458 E 11,056 5,188 E 16,244 1,064 891 7,915 8,729 -814 -460 749 18,595
February .................. E 9,316 E 457 E 9,773 4,215 E 13,988 938 765 7,648 7,661 -13 -1,272 494 17,444
March ....................... E 10,706 E 453 E 11,160 5,116 E 16,275 1,085 864 8,288 7,679 609 225 596 19,204
April ......................... E 10,784 E 446 E 11,230 5,443 E 16,673 1,077 949 8,267 9,110 -843 -557 1,046 19,459
May .......................... E 10,890 E 443 E 11,334 5,461 E 16,795 1,157 1,024 8,569 8,270 299 -49 770 20,094
June ......................... RE 10,848 E 440 RE 11,288 5,474 RE 16,763 1,161 922 9,298 9,262 37 -949 R 706 20,537
July .......................... RE 10,946 E 380 RE 11,326 5,455 RE 16,782 1,164 960 8,796 8,647 149 -84 R 756 19,894
August ..................... RE 10,732 RE 409 RE 11,141 R 5,568 RE 16,709 R 1,089 R 1,009 R 8,712 R 8,897 R -184 R -891 R 997 R 20,511
September ............... E 10,291 E 433 E 10,723 E 5,474 E 16,198 E 1,075 E 964 E 8,858 E 7,247 E 1,611 E -204 E 638 E 20,691
October .................... E 10,947 E 440 E 11,387 E 5,466 E 16,853 E 1,231 E 960 E 8,118 E 8,007 E 111 E -224 E 898 E 20,278
10-Month Average E 10,618 E 436 E 11,054 E 5,295 E 16,349 E 1,106 E 932 E 8,451 E 8,356 E 96 E -437 E 767 E 19,687

2020 10-Month Average 10,875 445 11,319 5,172 16,491 993 923 7,900 8,512 -612 354 628 18,069
2019 10-Month Average 11,697 462 12,159 4,791 16,950 1,121 1,056 9,242 8,357 885 66 588 20,534

a Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas processing plant production of i A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
natural gas liquids (ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and natural an increase. The current month stock change estimate is based on the change
gasoline). Through 1980, also includes natural gas processing plant production of from the previous month’s estimate, rather than the stocks values shown in Table
finished petroleum products (aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, 3.4. Includes crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes
motor gasoline, special naphthas, and miscellaneous products). distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 3.4.
b Includes lease condensate. j An adjustment for crude oil, hydrogen, oxygenates, renewable fuels, other
c Once a month, data for crude oil production, total field production, and hydrocarbons, motor gasoline blending components, finished motor gasoline, and
adjustments are revised going back as far as the data year of the U.S. Energy distillate fuel oil. See EIA’s Petroleum Supply Monthly, Appendix B, "PSM
Information Administration’s (EIA) last published Petroleum Supply Annual Explanatory Notes," for further information.
(PSA)—these revisions are released at the same time as EIA’s Petroleum Supply k Derived from the 2004 petroleum stocks value that excludes crude oil stocks
Monthly. Once a year, data for these series are revised going back as far as 10 on leases (1,628 million barrels), not the 2004 petroleum stocks value that includes
years—these revisions are released at the same time as the PSA. crude oil stocks on leases (1,645 million barrels).
d United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day
e Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and greater than -500 barrels per day.
renewable diesel fuel, other biofuels, natural gasoline, finished motor gasoline, and Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
motor gasoline blending components. For 2009–2018, also includes oxygenates rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
(excluding fuel ethanol). Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
f Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
See Table 3.2. beginning in 1973.
g Includes Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports. See Table 3.3b. Sources: See end of section.
h Net imports equal imports minus exports.
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  59 
Figure 3.2  Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 
                            (Million Barrels per Day) 
 

Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949–2020

24

18 Total Net Production

Total Net Inputs

12
Crude Oil Net Inputs [a]

Other Net Inputs [b]

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Net Production, Selected Products, 1949–2020

12

10

8 Motor Gasoline [c]

4 Distillate Fuel Oil [d]

2 Jet Fuel [e]

Residual Fuel Oil

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Net Inputs and Net Production, Monthly Net Production, Selected Products, Monthly
25 12
Total Net
Production Motor Gasoline [c]

20
9

15 Total Net Inputs

Crude Oil Net
Inputs [a]
6 Distillate Fuel Oil [d]

10

3
5 Jet Fuel [e]
Other Net Inputs [b]
Residual Fuel Oil
0 0
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
 
 

[a] Includes lease condensate.  blended into distillate fuel oil. 
[b] Natural gas liquids and other liquids.  [e] Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene‐type jet fuel only. 
[c] Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. 
[d]  Beginning  in  2009,  includes  renewable  diesel  fuel  (including  biodiesel)  Source:  Table 3.2. 

60  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Refinery and Blender Net Inputsa Refinery and Blender Net Productionb

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids

Distil- Propane/Propylene Resid-

Natural late Motor ual Other
Crude Gas Other Fuel Pro- Propy- Jet Gaso- Fuel Pro-
Oilc Liquidsd Liquidse Total Oilf pane lene Totalg Totalh Fueli linej Oil ductsk Total

1950 Average .................... 5,739 259 19 6,018 1,093 NA NA NA 80 (i) 2,735 1,165 947 6,019
1955 Average .................... 7,480 345 32 7,857 1,651 NA NA NA 119 155 3,648 1,152 1,166 7,891
1960 Average .................... 8,067 455 61 8,583 1,823 NA NA NA 212 241 4,126 908 1,420 8,729
1965 Average .................... 9,043 618 88 9,750 2,096 NA NA NA 293 523 4,507 736 1,814 9,970
1970 Average .................... 10,870 763 121 11,754 2,454 E 184 E 55 239 345 827 5,699 706 2,082 12,113
1975 Average .................... 12,442 710 72 13,225 2,653 E 179 E 60 238 311 871 6,518 1,235 2,097 13,685
1980 Average .................... 13,481 462 81 14,025 2,661 E 202 E 72 273 330 999 6,492 1,580 2,559 14,622
1985 Average .................... 12,002 509 681 13,192 2,686 E 223 E 72 295 391 1,189 6,419 882 2,183 13,750
1990 Average .................... 13,409 467 713 14,589 2,925 299 105 404 499 1,488 6,959 950 2,452 15,272
1995 Average .................... 13,973 471 775 15,220 3,155 352 151 503 654 1,416 7,459 788 2,522 15,994
2000 Average .................... 15,067 380 849 16,295 3,580 366 217 583 705 1,606 7,951 696 2,705 17,243
2005 Average .................... 15,220 441 1,149 16,811 3,954 311 229 540 573 1,546 8,318 628 2,782 17,800
2006 Average .................... 15,242 501 1,238 16,981 4,040 302 241 543 627 1,481 8,364 635 2,827 17,975
2007 Average .................... 15,156 505 1,337 16,999 4,133 330 232 562 655 1,448 8,358 673 2,728 17,994
2008 Average .................... 14,648 485 2,019 17,153 4,294 312 207 519 630 1,493 8,548 620 2,561 18,146
2009 Average .................... 14,336 485 2,082 16,904 4,048 291 246 537 623 1,396 8,786 598 2,431 17,882
2010 Average .................... 14,724 442 2,219 17,385 4,223 282 278 560 659 1,418 9,059 585 2,509 18,452
2011 Average .................... 14,806 490 2,300 17,596 4,492 270 282 552 619 1,449 9,058 537 2,518 18,673
2012 Average .................... 14,999 509 1,997 17,505 4,550 276 277 553 630 1,471 8,926 501 2,487 18,564
2013 Average .................... 15,312 496 2,211 18,019 4,733 284 281 564 623 1,499 9,234 467 2,550 19,106
2014 Average .................... 15,848 511 2,214 18,574 4,916 306 281 587 653 1,541 9,570 435 2,537 19,654
2015 Average .................... 16,188 517 2,119 18,824 4,983 283 276 559 615 1,590 9,754 417 2,527 19,886
2016 Average .................... 16,187 536 2,238 18,961 4,834 307 280 587 632 1,650 9,995 418 2,550 20,079
2017 Average .................... 16,590 566 2,031 19,187 5,024 307 285 592 628 1,702 9,954 427 2,563 20,298
2018 Average .................... 16,969 575 2,011 19,555 5,168 301 293 594 634 1,806 10,061 425 2,599 20,693

2019 January ...................... 16,783 675 1,415 18,873 5,250 297 292 589 368 1,771 9,747 398 2,448 19,981
February .................... 15,846 592 1,935 18,372 4,905 257 289 545 429 1,689 9,744 309 2,303 19,379
March ......................... 15,935 512 2,580 19,027 4,968 288 261 549 629 1,728 10,060 357 2,323 20,065
April ........................... 16,341 486 2,482 19,309 5,059 295 272 567 804 1,728 10,020 389 2,374 20,374
May ............................ 16,719 460 2,519 19,699 5,212 295 283 577 867 1,729 10,229 363 2,362 20,763
June ........................... 17,236 431 2,469 20,136 5,351 300 290 591 859 1,883 10,236 430 2,454 21,212
July ............................ 17,175 448 2,593 20,216 5,246 292 286 579 852 1,922 10,240 390 2,632 21,282
August ....................... 17,297 481 2,580 20,358 5,266 295 284 579 806 1,924 10,437 410 2,613 21,456
September ................. 16,403 601 2,178 19,182 5,035 272 282 553 613 1,799 9,916 383 2,454 20,199
October ...................... 15,681 712 2,357 18,749 4,794 252 281 533 409 1,653 10,259 340 2,308 19,764
November .................. 16,482 744 1,972 19,197 5,231 294 287 581 272 1,833 10,229 314 2,449 20,328
December .................. 16,793 716 1,735 19,244 5,309 316 280 596 348 1,890 9,992 249 2,589 20,377
Average .................... 16,563 571 2,237 19,371 5,137 288 282 570 606 1,796 10,095 361 2,444 20,439

2020 January ...................... 16,229 698 1,612 18,538 5,087 297 269 566 388 1,854 9,626 226 2,486 19,666
February .................... 15,865 640 1,816 18,321 4,813 281 234 514 381 1,666 9,742 251 2,409 19,263
March ......................... 15,230 499 1,375 17,105 4,953 278 245 524 621 1,359 8,576 241 2,329 18,079
April ........................... 12,772 317 1,128 14,218 5,079 230 264 494 683 619 6,365 139 2,107 14,991
May ............................ 12,968 336 1,619 14,923 4,818 234 258 492 671 505 7,476 143 2,117 15,731
June ........................... 13,734 402 2,207 16,344 4,580 249 256 504 710 733 8,748 238 2,205 17,215
July ............................ 14,334 456 2,288 17,077 4,843 265 258 522 732 836 9,026 219 2,350 18,006
August ....................... 14,152 422 2,675 17,249 4,823 274 252 527 712 851 9,312 193 2,282 18,172
September ................. 13,573 536 2,263 16,372 4,494 260 270 530 555 800 9,090 167 2,214 17,320
October ...................... 13,445 587 2,034 16,065 4,204 258 280 538 410 821 9,252 148 2,154 16,989
November .................. 14,124 637 1,476 16,237 4,522 275 285 560 333 1,062 8,883 153 2,218 17,172
December .................. 14,140 571 1,645 16,356 4,633 266 292 558 347 1,125 8,809 146 2,211 17,271
Average .................... 14,212 508 1,846 16,566 4,738 264 264 528 546 1,018 8,742 188 2,257 17,489

2021 January ...................... 14,525 588 1,058 16,170 4,554 259 296 555 367 1,226 8,520 169 2,226 17,062
February .................... 12,374 479 1,935 14,787 3,766 219 245 464 343 949 8,396 188 1,910 15,552
March ......................... 14,383 514 2,069 16,966 4,506 271 268 538 594 1,101 9,283 227 2,118 17,830
April ........................... 15,160 451 2,207 17,818 4,607 280 299 579 779 1,263 9,636 181 2,302 18,767
May ............................ 15,595 430 2,419 18,444 4,746 301 324 625 900 1,308 9,867 206 2,442 19,468
June ........................... 16,190 414 2,368 18,971 4,954 301 306 608 881 1,383 9,949 216 2,510 19,894
July ............................ 15,852 432 2,513 18,796 4,854 289 298 587 850 1,423 9,933 234 2,462 19,756
August ....................... R 15,719 R 433 R 2,418 R 18,571 R 4,751 R 288 R 296 R 584 R 805 R 1,435 R 9,865 R 219 R 2,504 R 19,579
September ................. E 15,162 F 550 RE 2,136 RF 17,848 E 4,488 NA NA RE 435 RF 571 E 1,328 E 9,660 E 194 RE 2,572 RE 18,812
October ...................... E 15,063 F 617 E 2,033 F 17,713 E 4,657 NA NA E 517 F 490 E 1,320 E 9,772 E 237 E 2,197 E 18,673
10-Month Average ... E 15,023 E 491 E 2,116 E 17,630 E 4,595 NA NA E 550 E 660 E 1,276 E 9,496 E 207 E 2,327 E 18,563

2020 10-Month Average ... 14,228 489 1,903 16,620 4,769 263 259 521 587 1,003 8,721 196 2,265 17,542
2019 10-Month Average ... 16,547 539 2,314 19,401 5,110 284 282 566 665 1,783 10,093 377 2,428 20,457

a See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary. 1952–2004, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet
b See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary. fuel is included in the products from which it was blended—gasoline, kerosene, and
c Includes lease condensate. distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other
d Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and natural gasoline (pentanes Products.")
plus). j Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and
e Unfinished oils (net). Beginning in 1981, also includes aviation gasoline special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor
blending components (net) and motor gasoline blending components (net). gasoline.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol. Beginning in 2009, also includes k Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,
renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol), hydrogen, and other hydrocarbons. For petroleum coke, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
2009–2018, also includes oxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol). Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also
f Beginning in 2009, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel blended into includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also
distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2021, also includes renewable heating oil blended includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
into distillate fuel oil. R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available.
g Propane and propylene. Through 1983, also includes 40% of "Butane- Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
Propane Mixtures." rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
h Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and refinery olefins (ethylene, Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
i Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. (Through 1964, beginning in 1973.
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products.") For Sources: See end of section.
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  61 
Figure 3.3a  Petroleum Trade: Overview 
 

Overview, August 2021

25
20.5
20
Million Barrels per Day

15

10 8.7 8.9

5
0.8 1.1
0
-0.2

-5
Imports from Persian Imports from OPEC Total Imports Exports Net Imports Products Supplied
Gulf

Imports From OPEC and Persian Gulf as Share of Total Imports, 1960–2020
80

60

OPEC
Percent

40

Persian Gulf

20

0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Net Imports as Share of Products Supplied, 1949–2020

75

60

45
Percent

30

15

-15
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Note:  OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.   
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. 
Source:  Table 3.3a. 

62  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview
As Share of As Share of
Products Supplied Total Imports
Imports Imports Imports
From Imports From Imports From Imports
Persian From Net Products Persian From Net Persian From
Gulfa OPECb Imports Exports Imports Supplied Gulfa OPECb Imports Imports Gulfa OPECb
Thousand Barrels per Day Percent

1950 Average .................... NA NA 850 305 545 6,458 NA NA 13.2 8.4 NA NA

1955 Average .................... NA NA 1,248 368 880 8,455 NA NA 14.8 10.4 NA NA
1960 Average .................... 326 1,233 1,815 202 1,613 9,797 3.3 12.6 18.5 16.5 17.9 68.0
1965 Average .................... 359 1,439 2,468 187 2,281 11,512 3.1 12.5 21.4 19.8 14.5 58.3
1970 Average .................... 184 1,294 3,419 259 3,161 14,697 1.3 8.8 23.3 21.5 5.4 37.8
1975 Average .................... 1,165 3,601 6,056 209 5,846 16,322 7.1 22.1 37.1 35.8 19.2 59.5
1980 Average .................... 1,519 4,300 6,909 544 6,365 17,056 8.9 25.2 40.5 37.3 22.0 62.2
1985 Average .................... 311 1,830 5,067 781 4,286 15,726 2.0 11.6 32.2 27.3 6.1 36.1
1990 Average .................... 1,966 4,296 8,018 857 7,161 16,988 11.6 25.3 47.2 42.2 24.5 53.6
1995 Average .................... 1,573 4,002 8,835 949 7,886 17,725 8.9 22.6 49.8 44.5 17.8 45.3
2000 Average .................... 2,488 5,203 11,459 1,040 10,419 19,701 12.6 26.4 58.2 52.9 21.7 45.4
2005 Average .................... 2,334 5,587 13,714 1,165 12,549 20,802 11.2 26.9 65.9 60.3 17.0 40.7
2006 Average .................... 2,211 5,517 13,707 1,317 12,390 20,687 10.7 26.7 66.3 59.9 16.1 40.2
2007 Average .................... 2,163 5,980 13,468 1,433 12,036 20,680 10.5 28.9 65.1 58.2 16.1 44.4
2008 Average .................... 2,370 5,954 12,915 1,802 11,114 19,498 12.2 30.5 66.2 57.0 18.4 46.1
2009 Average .................... 1,689 4,776 11,691 2,024 9,667 18,771 9.0 25.4 62.3 51.5 14.4 40.9
2010 Average .................... 1,711 4,906 11,793 2,353 9,441 19,178 8.9 25.6 61.5 49.2 14.5 41.6
2011 Average .................... 1,861 4,555 11,436 2,986 8,450 18,896 9.9 24.1 60.5 44.7 16.3 39.8
2012 Average .................... 2,156 4,271 10,598 3,205 7,393 18,482 11.7 23.1 57.3 40.0 20.3 40.3
2013 Average .................... 2,009 3,720 9,859 3,621 6,237 18,967 10.6 19.6 52.0 32.9 20.4 37.7
2014 Average .................... 1,875 3,237 9,241 4,176 5,065 19,100 9.8 16.9 48.4 26.5 20.3 35.0
2015 Average .................... 1,507 2,894 9,449 4,738 4,711 19,532 7.7 14.8 48.4 24.1 15.9 30.6
2016 Average .................... 1,766 3,446 10,055 5,261 4,795 19,692 9.0 17.5 51.1 24.3 17.6 34.3
2017 Average .................... 1,746 3,366 10,144 6,376 3,768 19,952 8.8 16.9 50.8 18.9 17.2 33.2
2018 Average .................... 1,578 2,888 9,943 7,601 2,341 20,512 7.7 14.1 48.5 11.4 15.9 29.0
2019 January ...................... 1,304 2,553 9,768 7,982 1,786 20,615 6.3 12.4 47.4 8.7 13.3 26.1
February .................... 1,272 1,803 8,671 8,219 452 20,284 6.3 8.9 42.8 2.2 14.7 20.8
March ......................... 1,096 1,643 8,905 7,946 959 20,176 5.4 8.1 44.1 4.8 12.3 18.5
April ........................... 947 1,566 9,525 8,382 1,143 20,333 4.7 7.7 46.8 5.6 9.9 16.4
May ............................ 912 1,693 9,893 8,238 1,655 20,387 4.5 8.3 48.5 8.1 9.2 17.1
June ........................... 995 1,699 9,297 8,576 720 20,654 4.8 8.2 45.0 3.5 10.7 18.3
July ............................ 890 1,420 9,601 8,084 1,517 20,735 4.3 6.8 46.3 7.3 9.3 14.8
August ....................... 794 1,660 9,387 8,438 949 21,158 3.8 7.8 44.4 4.5 8.5 17.7
September ................. 980 1,601 8,712 8,672 40 20,248 4.8 7.9 43.0 0.2 11.2 18.4
October ...................... 741 1,301 8,599 9,039 -440 20,714 3.6 6.3 41.5 -2.1 8.6 15.1
November .................. 685 1,322 8,103 8,741 -638 20,736 3.3 6.4 39.1 -3.1 8.5 16.3
December .................. 960 1,411 9,159 9,331 -171 20,443 4.7 6.9 44.8 -0.8 10.5 15.4
Average .................... 963 1,639 9,141 8,471 670 20,543 4.7 8.0 44.5 3.3 10.5 17.9
2020 January ...................... 773 926 8,580 9,228 -649 19,933 3.9 4.6 43.0 -3.3 9.0 10.8
February .................... 812 982 8,482 9,589 -1,108 20,132 4.0 4.9 42.1 -5.5 9.6 11.6
March ......................... 772 831 8,361 9,522 -1,162 18,463 4.2 4.5 45.3 -6.3 9.2 9.9
April ........................... 609 673 7,241 8,353 -1,112 14,549 4.2 4.6 49.8 -7.6 8.4 9.3
May ............................ 1,429 1,532 7,762 7,112 650 16,078 8.9 9.5 48.3 4.0 18.4 19.7
June ........................... 1,465 1,617 8,368 7,608 760 17,578 8.3 9.2 47.6 4.3 17.5 19.3
July ............................ 968 1,014 7,846 8,485 -639 18,381 5.3 5.5 42.7 -3.5 12.3 12.9
August ....................... 484 607 7,450 8,550 -1,100 18,558 2.6 3.3 40.1 -5.9 6.5 8.1
September ................. 511 667 7,558 8,315 -756 18,415 2.8 3.6 41.0 -4.1 6.8 8.8
October ...................... 573 686 7,376 8,389 -1,013 18,614 3.1 3.7 39.6 -5.4 7.8 9.3
November .................. 456 632 7,616 7,913 -297 18,743 2.4 3.4 40.6 -1.6 6.0 8.3
December .................. 339 467 7,738 8,924 -1,186 18,802 1.8 2.5 41.2 -6.3 4.4 6.0
Average .................... 766 886 7,863 8,498 -635 18,186 4.2 4.9 43.2 -3.5 9.7 11.3
2021 January ...................... 380 603 7,915 8,729 -814 18,595 2.0 3.2 42.6 -4.4 4.8 7.6
February .................... 465 724 7,648 7,661 -13 17,444 2.7 4.1 43.8 -0.1 6.1 9.5
March ......................... 566 796 8,288 7,679 609 19,204 2.9 4.1 43.2 3.2 6.8 9.6
April ........................... 636 942 8,267 9,110 -843 19,459 3.3 4.8 42.5 -4.3 7.7 11.4
May ............................ 635 916 8,569 8,270 299 20,094 3.2 4.6 42.6 1.5 7.4 10.7
June ........................... 843 1,175 9,298 9,262 37 20,537 4.1 5.7 45.3 0.2 9.1 12.6
July ............................ 840 1,160 8,796 8,647 149 19,894 4.2 5.8 44.2 0.7 9.5 13.2
August ....................... R 751 R 1,082 R 8,712 R 8,897 R -184 R 20,511 R 3.7 R 5.3 R 42.5 R -0.9 R 8.6 R 12.4
September ................. NA NA E 8,858 E 7,247 E 1,611 E 20,691 NA NA E 42.8 E 7.8 NA NA
October ...................... NA NA E 8,118 E 8,007 E 111 E 20,278 NA NA E 40.0 E 0.5 NA NA
10-Month Average ... NA NA E 8,451 E 8,356 E 96 E 19,687 NA NA E 42.9 E 0.5 NA NA
2020 10-Month Average ... 840 953 7,900 8,512 -612 18,069 4.6 5.3 43.7 -3.4 10.6 12.1
2019 10-Month Average ... 991 1,694 9,242 8,357 885 20,534 4.8 8.2 45.0 4.3 10.7 18.3

a Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and receipts from U.S. territories.
the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
b See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
See Table 3.3c for notes on which countries are included in the data. beginning in 1973.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Sources: • 1949–1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
Notes: • For the feature article "Measuring Dependence on Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976–1980: U.S. Energy Information
Imported Oil," published in the August 1995 Monthly Energy Review, Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/historical/imported_oil.pdf. reports. • 1981–2020: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and
• Beginning in October 1977, data include Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports. unpublished revisions. • 2021: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
See Table 3.3b. • Annual averages may not equal average of months due to and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and
independent rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
of Columbia. U.S. exports include shipments to U.S. territories, and imports include
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  63 
Figure 3.3b  Petroleum Trade:  Imports and Exports by Type 
                              (Million Barrels per Day) 
 

Imports Overview, 1949–2020

15

Crude Oil
10

5
Petroleum Products

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Exports Overview, 1949–2020

6

Petroleum Products

Crude Oil
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 

Imports, Selected Products, Monthly Exports, Selected Products, Monthly

0.50 2.0
Distillate Fuel Oil [b]

Distillate Fuel Oil [b]

0.40 Residual Fuel Oil
1.5

0.30
1.0 Propane
Jet Fuel [c]
0.20
Motor Gasoline [a]
0.5
0.10
Residual Fuel Oil
Motor Gasoline [a] Propane
Jet Fuel [c]
0.00 0.0
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
                    

[a] Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor  gasoline.  [c] Includes kerosene‐type jet fuel only.   
[b] Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. 
distillate fuel oil.   Sources:  Tables 3.3b and 3.3e. 

  

64  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports by Type
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids
Crude Oila Propane/Propylene
Distillate Jet Motor Residual
SPRb Total Fuel Oil Propane Propylene Totalc Totald Fuele Gasolinef Fuel Oil Otherg Total

1950 Average .................... –– 487 7 NA NA – – (e) (s) 329 27 850

1955 Average .................... –– 782 12 NA NA – – (e) 13 417 24 1,248
1960 Average .................... –– 1,015 35 NA NA NA 4 34 27 637 62 1,815
1965 Average .................... –– 1,238 36 NA NA NA 21 81 28 946 119 2,468
1970 Average .................... –– 1,324 147 NA NA 26 58 144 67 1,528 150 3,419
1975 Average .................... –– 4,105 155 NA NA 60 185 133 184 1,223 70 6,056
1980 Average .................... 44 5,263 142 NA NA 84 226 80 140 939 120 6,909
1985 Average .................... 118 3,201 200 NA NA 67 235 39 381 510 501 5,067
1990 Average .................... 27 5,894 278 NA NA 115 197 108 342 504 695 8,018
1995 Average .................... – 7,230 193 95 6 102 192 106 265 187 662 8,835
2000 Average .................... 8 9,071 295 154 7 161 256 162 427 352 897 11,459
2005 Average .................... 52 10,126 329 219 14 233 374 190 603 530 1,562 13,714
2006 Average .................... 8 10,118 365 201 26 228 360 186 475 350 1,854 13,707
2007 Average .................... 7 10,031 304 162 20 182 276 217 413 372 1,856 13,468
2008 Average .................... 19 9,783 213 162 23 185 275 103 302 349 1,891 12,915
2009 Average .................... 56 9,013 225 126 21 147 194 81 223 331 1,623 11,691
2010 Average .................... – 9,213 228 93 29 121 179 98 134 366 1,574 11,793
2011 Average .................... – 8,935 179 82 28 110 183 69 105 328 1,637 11,436
2012 Average .................... – 8,527 126 85 31 116 170 55 44 256 1,421 10,598
2013 Average .................... – 7,730 155 103 24 127 182 84 45 225 1,438 9,859
2014 Average .................... – 7,344 195 89 19 108 143 94 49 173 1,242 9,241
2015 Average .................... – 7,363 200 104 19 124 156 132 71 192 1,335 9,449
2016 Average .................... – 7,850 147 120 22 142 180 147 59 205 1,468 10,055
2017 Average .................... – 7,969 151 133 23 156 196 160 32 189 1,448 10,144
2018 Average .................... – 7,768 175 139 18 157 197 124 45 211 1,422 9,943
2019 January ...................... – 7,558 307 214 15 230 297 100 45 197 1,263 9,768
February .................... – 6,670 361 173 13 186 246 140 52 165 1,038 8,671
March ......................... – 6,783 180 176 10 186 254 144 103 132 1,308 8,905
April ........................... – 6,999 121 124 18 143 207 197 76 136 1,788 9,525
May ............................ – 7,154 160 107 21 129 183 188 151 169 1,888 9,893
June ........................... – 7,152 126 105 20 125 169 174 53 97 1,525 9,297
July ............................ – 6,938 174 106 16 122 180 214 91 102 1,902 9,601
August ....................... – 6,944 154 105 17 122 178 175 148 144 1,642 9,387
September ................. – 6,483 118 102 17 119 176 186 111 166 1,472 8,712
October ...................... – 6,242 186 116 15 131 198 148 124 116 1,585 8,599
November .................. – 5,818 258 132 13 145 191 131 100 198 1,407 8,103
December .................. – 6,833 295 134 15 149 200 171 62 165 1,435 9,159
Average .................... – 6,801 202 133 16 149 207 164 94 149 1,525 9,141
2020 January ...................... – 6,411 220 166 13 179 221 148 91 192 1,298 8,580
February .................... – 6,519 157 128 13 140 169 165 91 169 1,211 8,482
March ......................... – 6,296 171 114 15 129 162 150 121 129 1,330 8,361
April ........................... – 5,520 231 94 14 108 130 143 90 212 916 7,241
May ............................ – 6,087 190 83 14 97 120 125 114 148 979 7,762
June ........................... – 6,393 154 59 12 72 109 137 120 155 1,299 8,368
July ............................ – 5,906 116 95 14 109 140 166 124 130 1,263 7,846
August ....................... – 5,417 145 83 13 95 130 166 115 187 1,289 7,450
September ................. – 5,398 180 124 13 137 172 169 156 219 1,266 7,558
October ...................... – 5,293 280 125 14 139 166 145 98 187 1,207 7,376
November .................. – 5,570 305 137 12 149 185 148 62 179 1,166 7,616
December .................. – 5,713 464 144 13 157 208 137 88 94 1,035 7,738
Average .................... – 5,875 218 113 13 126 160 150 106 166 1,188 7,863
2021 January ...................... – 5,783 371 167 16 183 235 124 40 205 1,157 7,915
February .................... – 5,589 353 166 16 182 242 113 62 155 1,135 7,648
March ......................... – 5,787 461 164 16 180 223 93 119 147 1,458 8,288
April ........................... – 5,819 198 119 14 133 169 141 175 156 1,610 8,267
May ............................ – 5,828 269 72 14 86 125 192 194 148 1,815 8,569
June ........................... – 6,602 240 69 14 83 133 179 107 227 1,810 9,298
July ............................ – 6,395 165 73 14 87 130 139 192 162 1,613 8,796
August ....................... – R 6,237 R 257 R 75 R 12 R 87 R 132 R 224 R 111 R 201 R 1,551 R 8,712
September ................. – E 6,411 E 230 NA NA E 84 NA E 244 E 163 E 172 NA E 8,858
October ...................... – E 6,066 E 232 NA NA E 107 NA E 202 E 107 E 229 NA E 8,118
10-Month Average ... – E 6,054 E 277 NA NA E 121 NA E 165 E 127 E 180 NA E 8,451

2020 10-Month Average ... – 5,922 184 107 13 120 152 151 112 173 1,206 7,900
2019 10-Month Average ... – 6,895 188 133 16 149 209 167 96 142 1,546 9,242

a Includes lease condensate. Beginning in 1981, also includes motor gasoline blending components.
b "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol. Beginning in 2005, also includes
Through 2003, includes crude oil imports by SPR only; beginning in 2004, includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2009, also includes renewable fuels (excluding
crude oil imports by SPR, and crude oil imports into SPR by others. fuel ethanol) and other hydrocarbons. For 2011–2018, also includes oxygenates
c Propane and propylene. Through 1983, also includes 40% of "Butane- (excluding fuel ethanol).
Propane Mixtures" and 30% of "Ethane-Propane Mixtures." R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. – =No data
d Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, natural gasoline (pentanes plus), reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). Through Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
1983, also includes plant condensate and unfractionated stream. rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
e Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. (Through 1964, Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other.") For 1956–2004, also and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in beginning in 1973.
"Motor Gasoline." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.") Sources: • 1949–1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
f Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976–1980: U.S. Energy Information
Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
1980, also includes motor gasoline blending components. reports. • 1981–2020: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and
g Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, unpublished revisions. • 2021: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, unfinished oils, waxes, and and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and
miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
Beginning in 1964, also includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  65 
Table 3.3c Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
United
Saudi Arab Vene- Total
Algeriaa Angolab Iraq Kuwaitc Libyad Nigeriae Arabiac Emirates zuela Otherf OPEC

1960 Average ...................... (a) (b) 22 182 (d) (e) 84 NA 911 34 1,233
1965 Average ...................... (a) (b) 16 74 42 (e) 158 14 994 142 1,439
1970 Average ...................... 8 (b) – 48 47 (e) 30 63 989 109 1,294
1975 Average ...................... 282 (b) 2 16 232 762 715 117 702 773 3,601
1980 Average ...................... 488 (b) 28 27 554 857 1,261 172 481 432 4,300
1985 Average ...................... 187 (b) 46 21 4 293 168 45 605 461 1,830
1990 Average ...................... 280 (b) 518 86 – 800 1,339 17 1,025 231 4,296
1995 Average ...................... 234 (b) – 218 – 627 1,344 10 1,480 88 4,002
2000 Average ...................... 225 (b) 620 272 – 896 1,572 15 1,546 57 5,203
2005 Average ...................... 478 (b) 531 243 56 1,166 1,537 18 1,529 28 5,587
2006 Average ...................... 657 (b) 553 185 87 1,114 1,463 9 1,419 29 5,517
2007 Average ...................... 670 508 484 181 117 1,134 1,485 10 1,361 29 5,980
2008 Average ...................... 548 513 627 210 103 988 1,529 4 1,189 243 5,954
2009 Average ...................... 493 460 450 182 79 809 1,004 40 1,063 195 4,776
2010 Average ...................... 510 393 415 197 70 1,023 1,096 2 988 212 4,906
2011 Average ...................... 358 346 459 191 15 818 1,195 10 951 212 4,555
2012 Average ...................... 242 233 476 305 61 441 1,365 3 960 186 4,271
2013 Average ...................... 115 216 341 328 59 281 1,329 3 806 243 3,720
2014 Average ...................... 110 154 369 311 6 92 1,166 13 789 224 3,237
2015 Average ...................... 108 136 229 204 7 81 1,059 4 827 239 2,894
2016 Average ...................... 182 168 424 210 16 235 1,106 14 796 295 3,446
2017 Average ...................... 189 135 604 145 65 334 955 34 674 231 3,366
2018 Average ...................... 176 94 521 79 56 189 901 58 586 227 2,888

2019 January ........................ 98 10 429 21 60 181 777 27 634 317 2,553

February ...................... 51 – 422 106 36 33 663 32 289 171 1,803
March ........................... 136 10 275 129 25 142 666 3 69 187 1,643
April ............................. 125 43 265 61 88 137 583 22 114 128 1,566
May .............................. 142 46 366 57 111 243 462 22 11 233 1,693
June ............................. 122 123 355 26 55 251 579 16 (s) 171 1,699
July .............................. 75 – 360 20 39 193 454 36 – 243 1,420
August ......................... 63 47 249 46 66 380 461 19 – 329 1,660
September ................... 49 71 400 – 69 245 458 121 – 189 1,601
October ........................ 23 75 252 – 86 128 444 22 – 271 1,301
November .................... 34 25 283 41 90 211 355 5 – 278 1,322
December .................... 16 11 436 43 34 163 470 – – 238 1,411
Average ...................... 78 38 341 45 63 193 530 27 92 231 1,639

2020 January ........................ 17 10 299 46 67 64 407 7 – 8 926

February ...................... 33 33 262 46 36 76 489 6 – (s) 982
March ........................... 12 – 290 23 – 54 445 4 – 3 831
April ............................. 1 30 140 – – 57 429 13 – 3 673
May .............................. 1 50 242 – – 69 1,158 2 – 9 1,532
June ............................. 7 66 146 34 – 103 1,221 39 – 2 1,617
July .............................. 4 7 136 84 – 34 718 29 – – 1,014
August ......................... 11 12 193 – (s) 114 273 3 – – 607
September ................... 14 32 83 35 (s) 91 366 14 – 32 667
October ........................ 3 72 121 34 – 30 280 80 – 67 686
November .................... 19 49 111 34 – 119 286 13 – 2 632
December .................... 61 12 89 – – 93 190 20 – 2 467
Average ...................... 15 31 176 28 9 75 522 19 – 11 886

2021 January ........................ 24 40 89 – 33 145 237 33 – (s) 603

February ...................... 60 15 140 29 122 78 268 10 – 3 724
March ........................... 57 62 135 – 21 123 351 10 – 36 796
April ............................. 68 21 175 66 123 119 331 37 – 2 942
May .............................. 19 42 178 14 118 123 395 25 – 2 916
June ............................. 33 25 180 32 105 203 576 21 – – 1,175
July .............................. 38 47 237 37 95 150 452 96 – 8 1,160
August ......................... 27 65 131 46 114 140 471 81 – 8 1,082
8-Month Average ....... 40 40 158 28 91 136 386 40 – 8 926

2020 8-Month Average ....... 11 26 214 29 13 71 643 13 – 3 1,022

2019 8-Month Average ....... 102 35 339 58 60 197 580 22 139 224 1,755

a Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 1960–1968, Algeria is included in "Total Notes: • See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in
Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d. Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on this table are included on
b Angola joined OPEC in January 2007. For 1960–2006, Angola is included in Table 3.3d. • The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country
"Total Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d. of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example,
c Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone between refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Beginning in 1971, imports from the Neutral Zone are produced from Middle East crude oil. • Includes imports for the Strategic
reported as originating in either Kuwait or Saudi Arabia depending on the country Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. • Totals may not equal sum of
reported to U.S. Customs. components due to independent rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50
d Libya joined OPEC in 1962. For 1960 and 1961, Libya is included in "Total states and the District of Columbia.
Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
e Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960–1970, Nigeria is included in "Total and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1960 and monthly data
Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d. beginning in 1973.
f Includes these countries for the dates indicated: Congo-Brazzaville (June Sources: • 1960–1972: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, annual reports.
2018 forward), Ecuador (1973–1992 and November 2007–2019), Equatorial • 1973–1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Guinea (May 2017 forward), Gabon (1975–1994 and July 2016 forward), Indonesia Annual, annual reports. • 1976–1980: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(1962–2008 and January–November 2016), Iran (1960 forward), and Qatar (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
(1961–2018). • 1981–2020: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2021: EIA,
NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
 
 
   
 
 
 
 

66  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.3d Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Nether- United U.S. Virgin Total
Brazil Canada Colombia Ecuadora Mexico lands Norway Russiab Kingdom Islands Other Non-OPEC

1960 Average .................... 1 120 42 NA 16 NA NA – (s) NA NA 581

1965 Average .................... – 323 51 – 48 1 – – (s) – 606 1,029
1970 Average .................... 2 766 46 – 42 39 – 3 11 189 1,027 2,126
1975 Average .................... 5 846 9 (a) 71 19 17 14 14 406 1,052 2,454
1980 Average .................... 3 455 4 (a) 533 2 144 1 176 388 903 2,609
1985 Average .................... 61 770 23 (a) 816 58 32 8 310 247 913 3,237
1990 Average .................... 49 934 182 (a) 755 55 102 45 189 282 1,128 3,721
1995 Average .................... 8 1,332 219 97 1,068 15 273 25 383 278 1,136 4,833
2000 Average .................... 51 1,807 342 128 1,373 30 343 72 366 291 1,453 6,257
2005 Average .................... 156 2,181 196 283 1,662 151 233 410 396 328 2,130 8,127
2006 Average .................... 193 2,353 155 278 1,705 174 196 369 272 328 2,168 8,190
2007 Average .................... 200 2,455 155 203 1,532 128 142 414 277 346 1,636 7,489
2008 Average .................... 258 2,493 200 (a) 1,302 168 102 465 236 320 1,416 6,961
2009 Average .................... 309 2,479 276 (a) 1,210 140 108 563 245 277 1,307 6,915
2010 Average .................... 272 2,535 365 (a) 1,284 108 89 612 256 253 1,112 6,887
2011 Average .................... 253 2,729 433 (a) 1,206 100 113 624 159 186 1,077 6,881
2012 Average .................... 226 2,946 433 (a) 1,035 99 75 477 149 12 874 6,327
2013 Average .................... 151 3,142 389 (a) 919 89 54 460 147 – 786 6,138
2014 Average .................... 160 3,388 318 (a) 842 85 45 330 117 – 720 6,004
2015 Average .................... 215 3,765 395 (a) 758 57 61 371 123 – 811 6,554
2016 Average .................... 167 3,780 483 (a) 669 60 76 441 122 (s) 812 6,610
2017 Average .................... 224 4,054 362 (a) 682 62 79 389 111 – 814 6,778
2018 Average .................... 171 4,292 333 (a) 719 62 94 375 146 – 862 7,055

2019 January ...................... 141 4,655 380 (a) 569 103 88 344 122 – 813 7,215
February .................... 90 4,320 420 (a) 720 108 69 226 47 – 867 6,868
March ......................... 172 4,429 412 (a) 712 68 80 363 118 – 907 7,262
April ........................... 153 4,412 472 (a) 680 124 112 566 182 – 1,258 7,958
May ............................ 256 4,428 468 (a) 656 218 147 564 266 – 1,198 8,200
June ........................... 213 4,398 395 (a) 574 88 190 534 156 – 1,050 7,598
July ............................ 338 4,674 379 (a) 670 121 51 496 182 – 1,270 8,181
August ....................... 197 4,379 384 (a) 744 138 94 617 146 – 1,027 7,726
September ................. 186 4,285 283 (a) 589 121 123 486 179 – 859 7,111
October ...................... 285 4,422 266 (a) 548 95 40 675 130 – 838 7,298
November .................. 125 3,963 284 (a) 705 96 46 649 139 – 774 6,782
December .................. 143 4,784 340 (a) 641 76 48 696 81 – 939 7,749
Average .................... 193 4,432 373 (a) 650 113 91 520 146 – 984 7,502

2020 January ...................... 101 4,521 337 242 854 48 1 601 109 – 839 7,654
February .................... 132 4,607 343 236 804 64 – 614 74 – 624 7,499
March ......................... 120 4,381 322 260 801 114 18 645 62 – 805 7,530
April ........................... 104 4,093 277 176 631 93 16 408 54 – 715 6,567
May ............................ 110 3,688 250 58 889 24 44 350 101 – 715 6,230
June ........................... 167 3,752 369 112 849 98 99 551 87 – 667 6,751
July ............................ 115 3,981 331 108 755 72 12 563 84 – 808 6,831
August ....................... 113 3,877 186 242 769 91 20 552 64 – 928 6,843
September ................. 92 3,944 351 227 728 125 15 527 91 – 791 6,891
October ...................... 113 3,967 248 165 574 56 60 660 113 – 731 6,689
November .................. 166 4,260 175 227 611 72 36 597 66 – 775 6,983
December .................. 173 4,440 219 176 740 132 26 416 116 7 827 7,271
Average .................... 126 4,125 284 186 751 82 29 540 85 1 770 6,977

2021 January ...................... 121 4,468 205 164 747 75 31 649 42 42 767 7,312
February .................... 56 4,308 272 134 613 77 56 453 74 34 847 6,924
March ......................... 83 4,512 167 142 568 192 92 740 119 67 811 7,492
April ........................... 77 4,044 223 251 708 189 56 688 68 26 996 7,325
May ............................ 96 4,057 235 196 728 154 98 844 88 59 1,099 7,654
June ........................... 157 4,586 197 153 788 161 67 848 154 25 987 8,123
July ............................ 220 4,177 157 120 851 143 94 761 121 7 984 7,635
August ....................... 177 4,234 198 198 715 132 59 795 127 4 992 7,630
8-Month Average ..... 124 4,298 206 170 716 141 69 725 100 33 936 7,518

2020 8-Month Average ..... 120 4,110 302 179 794 76 26 535 80 – 764 6,987
2019 8-Month Average ..... 197 4,464 413 (a) 665 121 104 466 154 – 1,050 7,634

a Ecuador was a member of OPEC from 1973–1992 and November 2007–2019. components due to independent rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50
For those time periods, Ecuador is included in "Total OPEC" on Table 3.3c. states and the District of Columbia.
b Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1960 and monthly data
NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. beginning in 1973.
Notes: • See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Sources: • 1960–1972: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, annual reports.
Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on Table 3.3c are included • 1973–1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
on this table. • The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country Annual, annual reports. • 1976–1980: U.S. Energy Information Administration
of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example, (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been • 1981–2020: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2021: EIA,
produced from Middle East crude oil. • Includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. • Totals may not equal sum of
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  67 
Table 3.3e Petroleum Trade: Exports by Type
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids
Crude Distillate Jet Motor Residual
Oila Fuel Oil Propaneb Totalc Fueld Gasolinee Fuel Oil Otherf Total

1950 Average .................... 95 34 NA 4 (d) 68 44 58 305

1955 Average .................... 32 67 NA 12 (s) 95 93 69 368
1960 Average .................... 8 27 NA 8 (s) 37 51 71 202
1965 Average .................... 3 10 NA 21 3 2 41 108 187
1970 Average .................... 14 2 13 27 6 1 54 154 259
1975 Average .................... 6 1 13 26 2 2 15 158 209
1980 Average .................... 287 3 10 21 1 1 33 197 544
1985 Average .................... 204 67 48 64 13 10 197 225 781
1990 Average .................... 109 109 28 41 43 55 211 287 857
1995 Average .................... 95 183 38 59 26 104 136 12 949
2000 Average .................... 50 173 53 78 32 144 139 46 1,040
2005 Average .................... 32 138 37 60 53 136 251 496 1,165
2006 Average .................... 25 215 45 68 41 142 283 544 1,317
2007 Average .................... 27 268 42 70 41 127 330 569 1,433
2008 Average .................... 29 528 53 101 61 172 355 555 1,802
2009 Average .................... 44 587 85 139 69 195 415 574 2,024
2010 Average .................... 42 656 109 164 84 296 405 706 2,353
2011 Average .................... 47 854 124 249 97 479 424 835 2,986
2012 Average .................... 67 1,007 171 314 132 409 388 886 3,205
2013 Average .................... 134 1,134 302 468 156 373 362 994 3,621
2014 Average .................... 351 1,101 423 703 163 442 364 1,052 4,176
2015 Average .................... 465 1,176 615 966 168 476 326 1,161 4,738
2016 Average .................... 591 1,179 799 1,211 175 635 298 1,171 5,261
2017 Average .................... 1,158 1,381 914 1,404 184 749 308 1,192 6,376
2018 Average .................... 2,048 1,289 949 1,602 223 879 321 1,240 7,601
2019 January ...................... 2,643 1,280 1,030 1,561 264 826 230 1,178 7,982
February .................... 2,915 1,160 892 1,517 192 912 242 1,281 8,219
March ......................... 2,673 1,173 918 1,652 173 873 243 1,159 7,946
April ........................... 2,911 1,261 1,166 1,923 195 655 357 1,081 8,382
May ............................ 2,959 1,287 1,085 1,802 194 742 301 954 8,238
June ........................... 3,100 1,516 1,158 1,860 213 699 194 994 8,576
July ............................ 2,706 1,374 1,188 1,893 209 683 142 1,077 8,084
August ....................... 2,755 1,530 1,035 1,832 254 696 287 1,084 8,438
September ................. 3,093 1,427 1,124 1,885 243 783 202 1,040 8,672
October ...................... 3,412 1,205 1,168 2,081 222 898 148 1,074 9,039
November .................. 3,080 1,148 1,159 1,981 226 1,049 204 1,053 8,741
December .................. 3,537 1,301 1,235 1,955 256 964 199 1,119 9,331
Average .................... 2,982 1,306 1,098 1,830 220 815 229 1,090 8,471
2020 January ...................... 3,388 1,237 1,210 2,136 227 837 186 1,218 9,228
February .................... 3,537 1,315 1,205 2,204 247 823 197 1,267 9,589
March ......................... 3,625 1,427 1,267 2,068 211 782 166 1,243 9,522
April ........................... 2,883 1,044 1,279 2,140 80 776 231 1,201 8,353
May ............................ 3,177 799 1,054 1,790 22 320 156 847 7,112
June ........................... 2,747 1,305 1,229 1,968 44 455 149 940 7,608
July ............................ 3,343 1,372 1,243 2,043 54 588 121 964 8,485
August ....................... 3,409 1,346 1,129 1,953 30 767 121 925 8,550
September ................. 3,265 1,184 1,150 1,934 46 782 140 964 8,315
October ...................... 2,939 1,050 1,423 2,337 41 787 109 1,126 8,389
November .................. 2,786 995 1,331 2,154 79 830 127 941 7,913
December .................. 3,356 1,169 1,615 2,246 82 922 77 1,070 8,924
Average .................... 3,206 1,187 1,262 2,081 96 722 148 1,058 8,498
2021 January ...................... 3,165 913 1,469 2,381 93 799 74 1,303 8,729
February .................... 2,703 866 1,206 2,175 68 687 116 1,048 7,661
March ......................... 2,685 867 1,180 2,208 65 722 91 1,040 7,679
April ........................... 3,283 1,133 1,403 2,497 74 738 182 1,202 9,110
May ............................ 2,736 1,013 1,245 2,285 91 840 81 1,224 8,270
June ........................... 3,349 1,251 1,335 2,333 92 868 126 1,241 9,262
July ............................ 2,700 1,296 1,329 2,308 102 843 135 1,263 8,647
August ....................... R 2,996 R 1,257 R 1,244 R 2,391 R 123 R 907 R 63 R 1,160 R 8,897
September ................. E 2,622 E 781 NA NA E 89 E 605 E 105 NA E 7,247
October ...................... E 2,844 E 1,022 NA NA E 117 E 714 E 85 NA E 8,007
10-Month Average ... E 2,909 E 1,042 NA NA E 92 E 774 E 105 NA E 8,356

2020 10-Month Average ... 3,232 1,207 1,219 2,057 100 691 157 1,068 8,512
2019 10-Month Average ... 2,915 1,322 1,078 1,802 216 776 234 1,091 8,357

a Includes lease condensate. motor gasoline blending components. Beginning in 2005, also includes
b Through 1983, also includes 40% of "Butane-Propane Mixtures." naphtha-type jet fuel. For 2009–2018, also includes oxygenates (excluding fuel
Through 2012, also includes propylene. ethanol). Beginning in 2010, also includes fuel ethanol. Beginning in 2011, also
c Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and natural gasoline (pentanes includes renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol).
plus). Through 2012, also includes refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
and isobutylene). Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
d Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. (Through 1964, kerosene- rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other.") For 1953–2004, also includes Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
products from which it was blended: motor gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel beginning in 1973.
oil. Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.") Sources: • 1949–1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
e Finished motor gasoline. Through 1952, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976–1980: U.S. Energy Information
Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
1980, also includes motor gasoline blending components. reports. • 1981–2020: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and
f Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, unpublished revisions. • 2021: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
petroleum coke, unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous products. Through and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and
1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes
 
 
 
 

68  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.3f Petroleum Trade: Exports by Country of Destination
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Nether- Singa- South United
Brazil Canada China India Japan Mexico lands pore Korea Kingdom Other Total

1960 Average ...................... 4 34 NA NA 62 18 6 NA NA 12 NA 202

1965 Average ...................... 3 26 NA NA 40 27 10 NA NA 12 NA 187
1970 Average ...................... 7 31 NA NA 69 33 15 NA NA 12 NA 259
1975 Average ...................... 6 22 NA 1 27 42 23 NA NA 7 NA 209
1980 Average ...................... 4 108 – 1 32 28 23 6 2 7 335 544
1985 Average ...................... 3 74 – 2 108 61 44 24 27 14 424 781
1990 Average ...................... 2 91 – 6 92 89 54 15 60 11 438 857
1995 Average ...................... 16 73 2 3 76 125 33 46 57 14 505 949
2000 Average ...................... 28 110 3 3 90 358 42 36 20 10 342 1,040
2005 Average ...................... 39 181 12 11 56 268 25 43 16 21 492 1,165
2006 Average ...................... 42 159 11 8 58 255 83 45 21 28 607 1,317
2007 Average ...................... 46 189 14 14 54 279 81 71 16 9 660 1,433
2008 Average ...................... 54 264 13 10 54 333 131 77 18 17 830 1,802
2009 Average ...................... 55 223 44 30 58 322 192 115 23 33 928 2,024
2010 Average ...................... 123 233 52 10 88 448 165 128 13 19 1,073 2,353
2011 Average ...................... 157 351 73 17 79 570 248 121 15 35 1,320 2,986
2012 Average ...................... 166 416 85 36 89 565 239 115 16 41 1,435 3,205
2013 Average ...................... 179 549 129 41 117 532 274 136 13 36 1,616 3,621
2014 Average ...................... 217 809 89 70 150 559 241 124 46 53 1,817 4,176
2015 Average ...................... 188 955 191 78 166 690 226 122 65 89 1,968 4,738
2016 Average ...................... 260 935 203 140 250 880 265 147 108 92 1,980 5,261
2017 Average ...................... 395 871 447 200 350 1,081 251 210 176 186 2,209 6,376
2018 Average ...................... 400 1,024 374 297 466 1,194 337 185 382 272 2,670 7,601

2019 January ........................ 457 878 93 401 646 1,177 620 37 339 375 2,957 7,982
February ...................... 328 1,163 177 455 284 1,234 442 184 607 368 2,977 8,219
March ........................... 564 944 129 673 505 1,210 372 140 506 263 2,640 7,946
April ............................. 428 1,155 80 575 516 1,197 440 119 397 293 3,181 8,382
May .............................. 428 1,030 300 469 580 1,018 294 124 501 372 3,121 8,238
June ............................. 565 861 424 438 440 993 525 82 807 286 3,155 8,576
July .............................. 466 979 286 231 589 1,165 355 79 759 269 2,905 8,084
August ......................... 443 1,052 300 417 574 1,043 373 63 616 383 3,174 8,438
September ................... 585 1,013 317 396 633 1,056 478 149 606 322 3,116 8,672
October ........................ 446 1,190 36 586 558 1,208 553 137 618 285 3,423 9,039
November .................... 476 1,148 133 400 595 1,355 360 168 613 371 3,122 8,741
December .................... 493 1,026 78 480 709 1,242 595 237 590 439 3,441 9,331
Average ...................... 474 1,035 196 460 555 1,158 451 126 580 336 3,102 8,471

2020 January ........................ 506 1,302 98 490 650 1,171 505 178 772 411 3,145 9,228
February ...................... 487 1,229 82 532 454 1,067 640 192 484 552 3,869 9,589
March ........................... 516 1,013 241 526 655 1,262 565 225 393 369 3,757 9,522
April ............................. 391 860 414 405 637 935 357 480 421 310 3,142 8,353
May .............................. 269 699 1,487 434 486 521 373 204 351 230 2,058 7,112
June ............................. 307 814 878 482 460 835 411 225 374 327 2,496 7,608
July .............................. 452 904 896 329 560 966 494 60 491 373 2,959 8,485
August ......................... 486 871 788 362 390 1,114 492 185 424 455 2,983 8,550
September ................... 443 1,046 1,053 428 326 1,053 380 114 412 234 2,825 8,315
October ........................ 533 872 993 460 463 1,045 363 51 458 332 2,819 8,389
November .................... 355 847 663 567 416 1,223 496 60 313 340 2,632 7,913
December .................... 500 738 947 642 724 1,308 399 34 506 267 2,858 8,924
Average ...................... 438 932 715 471 519 1,042 456 167 451 350 2,959 8,498

2021 January ........................ 511 834 713 673 758 1,021 210 161 533 260 3,054 8,729
February ...................... 426 814 527 641 383 1,085 570 282 366 149 2,418 7,661
March ........................... 270 865 753 510 446 1,094 297 109 551 233 2,551 7,679
April ............................. 453 921 559 637 476 1,151 626 334 532 377 3,044 9,110
May .............................. 364 766 725 542 492 1,279 400 167 469 332 2,734 8,270
June ............................. 552 852 476 720 529 1,214 420 362 781 342 3,014 9,262
July .............................. 516 840 500 517 501 1,225 442 312 802 313 2,679 8,647
August ......................... 572 885 508 609 453 1,123 431 301 584 397 3,033 8,897
8-Month Average ....... 458 847 597 605 506 1,150 422 252 579 302 2,819 8,537

2020 8-Month Average ....... 427 960 615 444 537 984 479 218 464 378 3,046 8,552
2019 8-Month Average ....... 461 1,006 224 457 520 1,129 427 103 566 326 3,013 8,231

NA=Not available. – =No data reported. Sources: • 1960–1972: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, annual reports.
Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent • 1973–1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Annual, annual reports. • 1976–1980: U.S. Energy Information Administration
Columbia. (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel • 1981–2020: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2021: EIA,
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1960 and monthly data Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
beginning in 1981.
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  69 
Figure 3.4  Petroleum Stocks 
 

Overview, 1949–2020
2.5

2.0
Total
Billion Barrels

1.5

Crude Oil
1.0

Petroleum Products
0.5

0.0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

SPR and Non-SPR Crude Oil Stocks, 1949–2020

1,000

750 SPR
Million Barrels

500

Non-SPR

250

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Overview, Monthly Selected Products, Monthly

2.5 300
Motor Gasoline

Total 250
2.0

200
Million Barrels
Billion Barrels

1.5
Crude Oil 150 Distillate Fuel Oil

1.0 Propane
100
Petroleum
Products
0.5 Jet Fuel [a]
50

Residual Fuel Oil

0.0 0
J F MAM J J A S ON D J F MAM J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MAM J J A S ON D J F MAM J J A S ON D J F MAM J J A S ON D
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
 
 

[a] Includes kerosene‐type jet fuel only.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. 
Notes:  • SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.  • Stocks are at end of period.  Source:  Table 3.4. 

70  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.4 Petroleum Stocks
(Million Barrels)
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids
Crude Oila Propane/Propylene
Non- Distillate Propy- Jet Motor Residual
SPRb SPRc,d Totald Fuel Oile Propane lenef Totalg Totalh Fueli Gasolinej Fuel Oilk Otherl Total

1950 Year ..................... –– 248 248 72 NA NA NA 2 (i) 116 41 104 583

1955 Year ..................... –– 266 266 111 NA NA NA 7 3 165 39 123 715
1960 Year ..................... –– 240 240 138 NA NA NA 23 7 195 45 137 785
1965 Year ..................... –– 220 220 155 NA NA NA 35 19 175 56 176 836
1970 Year ..................... –– 276 276 195 NA NA 44 74 28 209 54 181 1,018
1975 Year ..................... –– 271 271 209 NA NA 82 133 30 235 74 181 1,133
1980 Year ..................... 108 358 466 205 NA NA 71 137 42 261 92 189 1,392
1985 Year ..................... 493 321 814 144 NA NA 39 82 40 223 50 165 1,519
1990 Year ..................... 586 323 908 132 NA NA 49 104 52 220 49 156 1,621
1995 Year ..................... 592 303 895 130 NA NA 43 100 40 202 37 158 1,563
2000 Year ..................... 541 286 826 118 NA NA 41 88 45 196 36 159 1,468
2005 Year ..................... 685 308 992 136 NA NA 57 117 42 208 37 148 1,682
2006 Year ..................... 689 296 984 144 NA NA 62 125 39 212 42 157 1,703
2007 Year ..................... 697 268 965 134 NA NA 52 106 39 218 39 146 1,648
2008 Year ..................... 702 308 1,010 146 NA NA 55 127 38 214 36 149 1,719
2009 Year ..................... 727 307 1,034 166 NA NA 50 113 43 223 37 142 1,758
2010 Year ..................... 727 312 1,039 164 46 2 47 118 43 219 41 145 1,770
2011 Year ..................... 696 308 1,004 149 48 2 50 121 41 223 34 146 1,720
2012 Year ..................... 695 338 1,033 135 63 2 64 148 40 231 34 154 1,775
2013 Year ..................... 696 327 1,023 128 40 1 42 121 37 228 38 149 1,724
2014 Year ..................... 691 361 1,052 136 72 2 74 170 38 240 34 151 1,822
2015 Year ..................... 695 449 1,144 161 91 2 93 192 40 235 42 164 1,979
2016 Year ..................... 695 485 1,180 166 77 2 79 196 43 239 41 161 2,025
2017 Year ..................... 663 422 1,084 146 62 2 64 187 41 237 29 167 1,892
2018 Year ..................... 649 443 1,092 140 64 2 66 184 42 247 28 176 1,908
2019 January ................ 649 449 1,098 140 51 1 53 161 41 262 30 182 1,914
February .............. 649 452 1,101 136 46 1 47 151 42 252 28 187 1,897
March ................... 649 459 1,108 132 49 2 51 160 42 237 29 186 1,894
April ..................... 649 470 1,118 128 53 2 55 175 41 231 29 190 1,912
May ...................... 645 481 1,126 130 63 2 65 202 39 236 30 189 1,952
June ..................... 645 463 1,108 131 72 2 73 224 41 230 30 184 1,949
July ...................... 645 442 1,086 138 78 2 80 238 43 235 31 182 1,954
August ................. 645 430 1,075 136 91 2 93 256 43 230 29 177 1,946
September ........... 645 426 1,070 132 96 3 98 263 44 232 30 172 1,943
October ................ 641 443 1,085 120 95 2 97 253 40 224 30 176 1,927
November ............ 635 446 1,081 126 88 2 90 232 41 234 33 172 1,918
December ........... 635 433 1,068 140 80 2 81 212 40 254 31 172 1,917
2020 January ................ 635 440 1,075 143 74 2 76 197 44 266 30 180 1,935
February .............. 635 453 1,088 133 64 1 65 180 43 253 31 190 1,918
March ................... 635 483 1,118 127 61 2 62 183 40 262 35 197 1,962
April ..................... 638 529 1,167 151 63 1 64 200 40 258 36 189 2,041
May ...................... 648 522 1,170 177 68 1 69 214 40 259 38 182 2,081
June ..................... 656 533 1,189 177 76 2 77 236 42 254 40 177 2,114
July ...................... 656 520 1,176 179 85 1 87 257 41 250 36 171 2,110
August ................. 648 504 1,152 180 95 2 97 283 40 238 34 159 2,085
September ........... 642 498 1,140 173 100 2 102 299 40 228 32 154 2,065
October ................ 639 494 1,132 156 95 1 96 287 38 228 31 153 2,025
November ............ 638 501 1,139 157 89 1 91 266 38 241 31 155 2,027
December ........... 638 485 1,124 161 70 1 71 228 39 243 30 156 1,981
2021 January ................ 638 476 1,114 163 54 1 55 192 43 255 32 170 1,968
February .............. 638 493 1,131 143 41 1 42 171 40 241 31 175 1,933
March ................... 638 502 1,140 145 39 1 40 169 39 238 31 178 1,940
April ..................... 633 490 1,123 136 42 1 43 177 41 238 31 176 1,923
May ...................... 628 477 1,104 140 49 1 50 187 43 240 32 176 1,921
June ..................... 621 448 1,069 140 53 1 54 196 45 237 31 175 1,893
July ...................... 621 439 1,060 142 61 1 62 212 44 231 29 172 1,890
August ................. 621 R 422 R 1,043 R 138 R 66 R1 R 67 R 220 R 43 R 226 29 R 164 R 1,863
September ........... E 618 E 421 E 1,039 E 129 NA NA E 72 RF 229 E 41 E 225 E 28 RE 160 E 1,852
October ................ E 611 E 435 E 1,046 E 126 NA NA E 76 F 229 E 39 E 214 E 29 E 162 E 1,845

a Includes lease condensate. terminals, and pipelines. Beginning in 2020, includes residual fuel oil stocks at
b "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. refineries and bulk terminals only.
Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or l Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene,
commercial storage agreements. lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, unfinished oils, waxes, and
c All crude oil stocks other than those in “SPR.” miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
d Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit. Beginning in 1964, also includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas.
e Excludes stocks in the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. Beginning in Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol. Beginning in 2005, also includes
2009, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel blended into distillate fuel oil. naphtha-type jet fuel. For 2005–2018, also includes oxygenates (excluding fuel
Beginning in 2021, also includes renewable heating oil blended into distillate fuel ethanol). Beginning in 2009, also includes renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol)
oil. and other hydrocarbons.
f Includes propylene stocks at refineries only. R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.
g Propane and propylene. Through 1983, also includes 40% of "Butane- Notes: • Stocks are at end of period. • Totals may not equal sum of
Propane Mixtures" and 30% of "Ethane-Propane Mixtures." components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states
h Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, natural gasoline (pentanes plus), and the District of Columbia.
and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). Through Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
1983, also includes plant condensate and unfractionated stream. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
i Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. (Through 1964, beginning in 1973.
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other.") For 1952–2004, also Sources: • 1949–1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976–1980: U.S. Energy Information
the products from which it was blended—gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.") reports. • 1981–2020: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and
j Includes finished motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components; unpublished revisions. • 2021: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
excludes oxygenates. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system,
naphthas. Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review data
k Through 2019, includes residual fuel oil stocks at (or in) refineries, bulk system calculations.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  71 
Figure 3.5  Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 
                            (Million Barrels per Day) 
 

Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline, 1949–2020

24

Total Petroleum
18

12

Motor Gasoline [a]

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Selected Products,1949–2020
12

Motor Gasoline [a]

9

6
Distillate Fuel Oil [b]

3
Residual Fuel Oil Jet Fuel [c]

Propane
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Selected Products, Monthly Total, January–October

12 25

20.534
19.687
Motor Gasoline [a] 20
9 18.069

15
6
Distillate Fuel Oil [b]
10
3 Residual Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel [c]
Propane 5
0
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
0
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
 
 

[a] Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.  into distillate fuel oil.  
[b]  For  2009‐2020,  includes  renewable  diesel  fuel  (including  biodiesel)  [c] Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene‐type jet fuel only. 
blended  into  distillate  fuel  oil.    Beginning  in  2021,  includes  refinery  and  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. 
blender  net  inputs  of  renewable  diesel  fuel  (including  biodiesel)  blended  Source:  Table 3.5. 

72  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids

Asphalt Avia- Distil- Propane/Propylene Resid-

and tion late Motor Petro- ual
Road Gaso- Fuel Pro- Propy- Jet Kero- Lubri- Gaso- leum Fuel
Oil line Oila pane lene Totalb Totalc Fueld sene cants linee Coke Oil Otherf Total

1950 Average .................... 180 108 1,082 E 146 E 13 E 158 234 (d) 323 106 2,616 41 1,517 250 6,458
1955 Average .................... 254 192 1,592 E 251 E 22 E 273 404 154 320 116 3,463 67 1,526 366 8,455
1960 Average .................... 302 161 1,872 E 386 E 33 E 419 621 371 271 117 3,969 149 1,529 435 9,797
1965 Average .................... 368 120 2,126 E 523 E 45 E 568 841 602 267 129 4,593 202 1,608 657 11,512
1970 Average .................... 447 55 2,540 E 727 E 55 782 1,224 967 263 136 5,785 212 2,204 866 14,697
1975 Average .................... 419 39 2,851 E 730 E 60 790 1,352 1,001 159 137 6,675 247 2,462 982 16,322
1980 Average .................... 396 35 2,866 E 742 E 72 813 1,590 1,068 158 159 6,579 237 2,508 1,460 17,056
1985 Average .................... 425 27 2,868 E 810 E 72 883 1,721 1,218 114 145 6,831 264 1,202 909 15,726
1990 Average .................... 483 24 3,021 E 812 E 105 917 1,705 1,522 43 164 7,235 339 1,229 1,225 16,988
1995 Average .................... 486 21 3,207 E 938 E 157 1,096 2,100 1,514 54 156 7,789 365 852 1,180 17,725
2000 Average .................... 525 20 3,722 E 1,011 E 224 1,235 2,434 1,725 67 166 8,472 406 909 1,255 19,701
2005 Average .................... 546 19 4,118 E 986 E 243 1,229 2,146 1,679 70 141 9,159 515 920 1,489 20,802
2006 Average .................... 521 18 4,169 E 947 E 268 1,215 2,135 1,633 54 137 9,253 522 689 1,557 20,687
2007 Average .................... 494 17 4,196 E 983 E 252 1,235 2,191 1,622 32 142 9,286 490 723 1,487 20,680
2008 Average .................... 417 15 3,945 E 924 E 230 1,154 2,044 1,539 14 131 8,989 464 622 1,317 19,498
2009 Average .................... 360 14 3,631 E 893 E 267 1,160 2,127 1,393 18 118 8,997 427 511 1,175 18,771
2010 Average .................... 362 15 3,800 852 305 1,157 2,263 1,432 20 131 8,993 376 535 1,251 19,178
2011 Average .................... 355 15 3,899 851 310 1,161 2,250 1,425 12 125 8,753 361 461 1,240 18,896
2012 Average .................... 340 14 3,741 862 308 1,170 2,293 1,398 5 114 8,682 360 369 1,165 18,482
2013 Average .................... 323 12 3,827 969 306 1,275 2,501 1,434 5 121 8,843 354 319 1,227 18,967
2014 Average .................... 327 12 4,037 870 298 1,167 2,443 1,470 9 126 8,921 347 257 1,151 19,100
2015 Average .................... 343 11 3,995 865 295 1,160 2,550 1,548 6 138 9,178 349 259 1,153 19,532
2016 Average .................... 351 11 3,877 833 301 1,134 2,541 1,614 9 130 9,317 345 326 1,170 19,692
2017 Average .................... 351 11 3,932 803 309 1,111 2,637 1,682 5 121 9,327 316 342 1,228 19,952
2018 Average .................... 327 12 4,146 888 311 1,199 3,014 1,707 5 117 9,329 327 318 1,210 20,512

2019 January ...................... 195 9 4,327 1,372 320 1,692 3,715 1,621 26 114 8,778 294 319 1,217 20,615
February .................... 201 9 4,307 1,237 299 1,536 3,590 1,607 17 105 9,072 128 279 969 20,284
March ......................... 232 13 4,184 963 265 1,228 3,136 1,711 (s) 97 9,184 295 221 1,102 20,176
April ........................... 318 12 4,120 657 289 945 2,886 1,756 2 156 9,411 235 177 1,261 20,333
May ............................ 369 15 4,110 558 302 860 2,745 1,773 1 107 9,497 320 192 1,257 20,387
June ........................... 413 16 3,993 525 311 836 2,753 1,802 1 104 9,703 403 322 1,144 20,654
July ............................ 510 17 3,911 591 297 888 2,930 1,847 1 129 9,533 405 342 1,110 20,735
August ....................... 507 13 4,029 541 294 834 2,854 1,841 (s) 115 9,834 337 329 1,299 21,158
September ................. 480 15 3,921 761 283 1,044 3,041 1,702 6 96 9,198 263 305 1,222 20,248
October ...................... 438 14 4,224 895 316 1,211 3,148 1,727 2 130 9,308 232 319 1,172 20,714
November .................. 310 12 4,201 1,169 301 1,470 3,398 1,711 12 105 9,209 347 208 1,222 20,736
December .................. 198 9 3,927 1,172 306 1,478 3,499 1,809 14 94 8,971 363 284 1,275 20,443
Average .................... 348 13 4,103 868 298 1,166 3,139 1,743 7 113 9,309 303 275 1,189 20,543

2020 January ...................... 190 12 4,024 1,181 284 1,465 3,442 1,673 25 126 8,724 252 238 1,228 19,933
February .................... 190 8 4,080 1,257 258 1,514 3,313 1,619 29 109 9,050 256 188 1,291 20,132
March ......................... 209 11 3,961 992 254 1,245 3,361 1,388 5 80 7,779 253 91 1,324 18,463
April ........................... 300 6 3,528 666 281 947 2,725 678 3 85 5,866 189 74 1,095 14,549
May ............................ 364 14 3,446 625 274 899 2,937 597 (s) 83 7,198 222 61 1,156 16,078
June ........................... 508 11 3,495 437 263 700 2,895 784 1 102 8,292 225 209 1,057 17,578
July ............................ 488 13 3,615 477 275 752 3,025 968 (s) 112 8,460 264 346 1,090 18,381
August ....................... 480 11 3,668 591 259 850 2,974 1,016 9 95 8,524 365 306 1,110 18,558
September ................. 421 12 3,814 758 285 1,043 3,017 921 8 105 8,541 309 322 944 18,415
October ...................... 402 12 4,036 823 299 1,121 3,316 1,006 3 111 8,316 219 255 938 18,614
November .................. 321 11 3,879 972 300 1,272 3,732 1,130 1 104 8,001 309 208 1,046 18,743
December .................. 234 10 3,888 1,122 298 1,420 3,982 1,148 8 114 7,855 255 194 1,113 18,802
Average .................... 343 11 3,786 824 278 1,101 3,228 1,076 7 102 8,049 260 208 1,116 18,186

2021 January ...................... 239 11 3,934 1,200 323 1,522 3,999 1,131 9 110 7,666 257 242 996 18,595
February .................... 201 5 3,946 1,061 266 1,328 2,893 1,092 32 113 7,744 163 259 996 17,444
March ......................... 268 9 4,033 1,009 282 1,291 3,257 1,158 2 96 8,577 234 291 1,279 19,204
April ........................... 351 15 3,988 646 312 959 3,138 1,279 8 112 8,791 226 143 1,410 19,459
May ............................ 383 9 3,874 669 338 1,007 3,442 1,318 1 106 9,137 310 259 1,255 20,094
June ........................... 504 17 3,940 623 318 941 3,413 1,425 (s) 98 9,273 344 335 1,189 20,537
July ............................ 476 11 3,658 515 311 826 3,133 1,490 1 110 9,313 219 327 1,156 19,894
August ....................... R 491 R 15 R 3,886 R 710 R 311 R 1,021 R 3,424 R 1,578 R (s) R 95 R 9,111 R 354 R 348 R 1,207 R 20,511
September ................. F 457 F 10 E 4,109 NA NA E 1,122 RF 3,129 E 1,504 F6 RF 97 E 9,184 F 326 E 295 RE 1,574 E 20,691
October ...................... F 420 F 10 E 3,974 NA NA E 1,120 F 3,322 E 1,482 F7 F 99 E 9,397 F 227 E 345 E 995 E 20,278
10-Month Average ... E 380 E 11 E 3,933 NA NA E 1,113 E 3,320 E 1,348 E6 E 104 E 8,827 E 267 E 285 E 1,206 E 19,687

2020 10-Month Average ... 356 11 3,766 779 273 1,052 3,101 1,064 8 101 8,074 255 209 1,123 18,069
2019 10-Month Average ... 368 13 4,112 807 297 1,105 3,077 1,740 6 115 9,354 293 281 1,177 20,534

a Beginning in 2009, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel blended into also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified
distillate fuel oil. For 2011–2020, also includes biodiesel adjustments (supply of as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary supply)
biodisel not reported as input on surveys) reclassified as distillate fuel oil reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes
adjustments. Beginning in 2021, also includes renewable heating oil blended into crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2021, also includes renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol) products
b Propane and propylene. Through 1983, also includes 40% of "Butane- supplied.
Propane Mixtures" and 30% of "Ethane-Propane Mixtures." R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500
c Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, natural gasoline (pentanes plus), barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per day.
and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). Through Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum
1983, also includes plant condensate and unfractionated stream. consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
d Beginning in 1957, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. For 1952–2004, also 3.7a–3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due
the products from which it was blended—gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.") of Columbia.
e Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
f Petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous beginning in 1973.
products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 

 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  73 
Figure 3.6  Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 
 

Total, 1949–2020
50

40
Quadrillion Btu

30

20

10

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Petroleum Products Supplied as Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1949–2020

50

40

30
Percent

20

10

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Product, October 2021

2.0

1.472
1.5
Quadrillion Btu

1.0
0.710

0.5 0.347
0.261
0.192
0.086 0.043 0.067
0.002 0.001 0.019
0.0
Asphalt and Aviation Distillate Hydrocarbon Jet Fuel [b] Kerosene Lubricants Motor Petroleum Residual Other [d]
Road Oil Gasoline Fuel Oil [a] Gas Liquids Gasoline [c] Coke Fuel Oil
 

[a] Includes refinery and blender net inputs of renewable diesel fuel  [d] All petroleum products not separately displayed. 
(including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. 
[b] Includes kerosene‐type jet fuel only.  Sources:  Tables 1.1 and 3.6. 
[c] Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 

 
 

74  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type
(Trillion Btu)
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids

Asphalt Avia- Distil- Propane/Propylene Resid-

and tion late Motor Petro- ual
Road Gaso- Fuel Pro- Propy- Jet Kero- Lubri- Gaso- leum Fuel
Oil line Oila pane lene Totalb Totalc Fueld sene cants linee Coke Oil Otherf Total

1950 Total .................... 435 199 2,300 E 204 E18 E 222 326 (d) 668 236 5,015 90 3,482 546 13,298
1955 Total .................... 615 354 3,385 E 352 E30 E 383 562 301 662 258 6,640 147 3,502 798 17,225
1960 Total .................... 734 298 3,992 E 543 E47 E 589 866 739 563 259 7,631 328 3,517 947 19,874
1965 Total .................... 890 222 4,519 E 733 E63 E 796 1,170 1,215 553 286 8,806 444 3,691 1,390 23,184
1970 Total .................... 1,082 100 5,401 E 1,019 E77 1,096 1,667 1,973 544 301 11,091 465 5,057 1,817 29,499
1975 Total .................... 1,014 71 6,061 E 1,024 E84 1,108 1,811 2,047 329 304 12,798 542 5,649 2,071 32,699
1980 Total .................... 962 64 6,110 E 1,043 E 100 1,143 2,135 2,190 329 354 12,648 522 5,772 3,073 34,159
1985 Total .................... 1,029 50 6,098 E 1,136 E 101 1,237 2,252 2,497 236 322 13,098 582 2,759 1,945 30,866
1990 Total .................... 1,170 45 6,422 E 1,138 E 147 1,285 2,259 3,129 88 362 13,872 745 2,820 2,589 33,500
1995 Total .................... 1,178 40 6,812 E 1,316 E 220 1,536 2,791 3,132 112 346 14,794 802 1,955 2,499 34,458
2000 Total .................... 1,276 36 7,927 E 1,421 E 315 1,735 3,216 3,580 140 369 16,127 895 2,091 2,636 38,292
2005 Total .................... 1,323 35 8,745 E 1,382 E 341 1,723 2,812 3,475 144 312 17,358 1,125 2,111 3,122 40,561
2006 Total .................... 1,261 33 8,831 E 1,328 E 375 1,703 2,768 3,379 111 303 17,511 1,141 1,581 3,276 40,196
2007 Total .................... 1,197 32 8,858 E 1,379 E 352 1,731 2,835 3,358 67 313 17,428 1,072 1,659 3,134 39,952
2008 Total .................... 1,012 28 8,346 E 1,299 E 323 1,622 2,656 3,193 30 291 16,799 1,017 1,432 2,788 37,591
2009 Total .................... 873 27 7,657 E 1,252 E 374 1,626 2,707 2,883 36 262 16,714 937 1,173 2,483 35,752
2010 Total .................... 878 27 8,011 1,194 428 1,621 2,881 2,963 41 291 16,632 831 1,228 2,645 36,427
2011 Total .................... 859 27 8,211 1,194 434 1,628 2,811 2,950 25 276 16,175 801 1,058 2,621 35,815
2012 Total .................... 827 25 7,898 1,212 432 1,645 2,887 2,901 11 254 16,085 802 849 2,474 35,012
2013 Total .................... 783 22 8,051 1,358 429 1,787 3,166 2,969 11 268 16,332 786 731 2,583 35,702
2014 Total .................... 793 22 8,492 1,219 417 1,636 3,067 3,042 19 280 16,473 772 590 2,430 35,978
2015 Total .................... 832 21 8,402 1,212 413 1,626 3,221 3,204 13 305 16,941 776 595 2,435 36,745
2016 Total .................... 853 20 8,170 1,171 423 1,594 3,184 3,350 18 289 17,238 771 751 2,553 37,198
2017 Total .................... 849 21 8,263 1,126 432 1,557 3,272 3,481 11 267 17,201 708 784 2,667 37,525
2018 Total .................... 793 22 8,715 1,245 436 1,680 3,720 3,533 11 259 17,209 730 729 2,630 38,351

2019 January ................ 40 1 773 163 38 201 397 285 5 21 1,375 56 62 225 3,240
February .............. 37 1 695 133 32 165 343 255 3 18 1,283 22 49 162 2,869
March ................... 48 2 747 115 31 146 328 301 (s) 18 1,438 56 43 204 3,185
April ..................... 63 2 712 76 33 109 288 299 (s) 28 1,426 43 33 225 3,120
May ...................... 76 2 733 66 36 102 285 312 (s) 20 1,487 61 37 232 3,246
June ..................... 82 2 690 61 36 96 281 306 (s) 19 1,471 74 61 205 3,191
July ...................... 105 3 698 70 35 106 310 325 (s) 24 1,493 77 67 206 3,306
August ................. 104 2 719 64 35 99 302 324 (s) 22 1,540 64 64 240 3,380
September ........... 96 2 677 88 33 120 311 290 1 18 1,394 48 57 218 3,112
October ................ 90 2 754 107 38 144 334 304 (s) 25 1,458 44 62 217 3,290
November ............ 62 2 726 135 35 169 347 291 2 19 1,396 64 39 219 3,166
December ............ 41 1 701 140 36 176 370 318 2 18 1,405 69 55 235 3,216
Total .................... 844 23 8,625 1,217 418 1,635 3,897 3,608 14 250 17,166 678 631 2,585 38,322

2020 January ................ 39 2 718 141 34 174 357 294 4 24 1,366 48 46 227 3,126
February .............. 37 1 681 140 29 169 317 266 5 19 1,326 45 34 223 2,955
March ................... 43 2 707 118 30 148 351 244 1 15 1,218 48 18 244 2,891
April ..................... 60 1 609 77 32 109 265 115 (s) 15 889 35 14 195 2,199
May ...................... 75 2 615 74 33 107 300 105 (s) 16 1,127 42 12 213 2,507
June ..................... 101 2 603 50 30 81 285 133 (s) 19 1,257 41 39 189 2,670
July ...................... 100 2 645 57 33 90 306 170 (s) 21 1,325 50 67 201 2,889
August ................. 99 2 654 70 31 101 309 179 2 18 1,335 69 60 205 2,930
September ........... 84 2 658 87 33 120 309 157 1 19 1,294 57 61 170 2,812
October ................ 83 2 720 98 36 133 351 177 (s) 21 1,302 42 50 173 2,921
November ............ 64 2 670 112 35 147 379 192 (s) 19 1,213 57 39 187 2,822
December ............ 48 2 694 134 35 169 426 202 1 21 1,230 48 38 205 2,915
Total .................... 832 20 7,976 1,158 390 1,548 3,956 2,234 16 227 14,883 583 478 2,433 33,638

2021 January ................ 49 2 703 143 38 181 426 199 2 21 1,201 49 47 183 2,882
February .............. 37 1 637 114 29 143 281 173 5 19 1,095 28 46 166 2,488
March ................... 55 1 721 120 33 154 346 203 (s) 18 1,343 44 57 234 3,024
April ..................... 70 2 690 74 36 110 314 218 1 20 1,332 42 27 249 2,964
May ...................... 79 1 692 80 40 120 356 232 (s) 20 1,431 59 51 230 3,151
June ..................... 100 3 681 72 37 108 345 242 (s) 18 1,405 63 63 212 3,133
July ...................... 98 2 654 61 37 98 324 262 (s) 21 1,459 42 64 212 3,136
August ................. 101 R2 R 694 R 85 R 37 R 122 R 360 R 277 (s) R 18 R 1,427 R 67 R 68 R 222 R 3,237
September ........... F 91 F1 RE 711 NA NA E 129 RF 316 E 256 F1 RF 18 E 1,392 F 60 E 56 RE 259 RE 3,160
October ................ F 86 F2 E 710 NA NA E 133 F 347 E 261 F1 F 19 E 1,472 F 43 E 67 E 192 E 3,200
10-Month Total ... E 767 E 17 E 6,892 NA NA E 1,299 E 3,416 E 2,323 E 11 E 191 E 13,557 E 497 E 544 E 2,159 E 30,376

2020 10-Month Total ... 720 17 6,612 913 320 1,232 3,152 1,840 14 186 12,440 477 401 2,041 27,901
2019 10-Month Total ... 741 20 7,198 943 347 1,289 3,180 2,999 10 213 14,366 546 536 2,131 31,939

a Beginning in 2009, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel blended into also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified
distillate fuel oil. For 2011–2020, also includes biodiesel adjustments (supply of as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary supply)
biodiesel not reported as input on surveys) reclassified as distillate fuel oil reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes
adjustments. Beginning in 2021, also includes renewable heating oil blended into crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2021, also includes renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol) products
b Propane and propylene. Through 1983, also includes 40% of "Butane- supplied.
Propane Mixtures" and 30% of "Ethane-Propane Mixtures." R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5
c Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, natural gasoline (pentanes plus), trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). Through Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum
1983, also includes plant condensate and unfractionated stream. consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
d Beginning in 1957, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. For 1952–2004, also 3.7a–3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due
the products from which it was blended—gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.") of Columbia.
e Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
f Petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous beginning in 1973.
products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  75 
Figure 3.7  Petroleum Consumption by Sector 
 

By Sector, 1949–2020
16
Transportation

12
Million Barrels per Day

Industrial [a]

Residential and Commercial [a]

Electric Power
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Sector, August 2021

16
14.015

12
Million Barrels per Day

8
5.879

0.200 0.308 0.109

0
Residential Commercial [a] Industrial [a] Transportation Electric Power
 
 

Sector Shares, 1949 and 2020

1949 2020
80

66

60 54
Percent

40
28 28

20
10
6
3 2 3
(s)
0
Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric Power
 

[a] Includes combined‐heat‐and‐power plants and a small number of electricity‐   Web  Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.  

only plants.  Sources:  Tables 3.7a–3.7c. 
(s)=Less than 0.5 percent.   

76  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.7a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Residential Sector Commercial Sectora

HGLb HGLb
Distillate Kero- Distillate Kero- Motor Petroleum Residual
Fuel Oil Propane sene Total Fuel Oil Propane sene Gasolinec,d Coke Fuel Oil Total

1950 Average .................... 390 104 168 662 123 28 23 52 NA 185 411
1955 Average .................... 562 144 179 885 177 38 24 69 NA 209 519
1960 Average .................... 736 217 171 1,123 232 58 23 35 NA 243 590
1965 Average .................... 805 275 161 1,242 251 74 26 40 NA 281 672
1970 Average .................... 883 392 144 1,419 276 102 30 45 NA 311 764
1975 Average .................... 850 365 78 1,293 276 92 24 46 NA 214 653
1980 Average .................... 617 222 51 890 243 63 20 56 NA 245 626
1985 Average .................... 514 224 77 815 297 68 16 50 NA 99 530
1990 Average .................... 460 252 31 742 252 73 6 58 0 100 489
1995 Average .................... 426 282 36 743 225 78 11 10 (s) 62 385
2000 Average .................... 424 395 46 865 230 107 14 23 (s) 40 415
2005 Average .................... 402 366 40 809 210 94 10 24 (s) 50 389
2006 Average .................... 335 318 32 685 189 88 7 26 (s) 33 343
2007 Average .................... 342 345 21 708 181 87 4 32 (s) 33 337
2008 Average .................... 354 394 10 758 181 113 2 24 (s) 31 351
2009 Average .................... 276 391 13 680 187 99 2 28 (s) 31 348
2010 Average .................... 266 378 14 658 185 100 2 28 (s) 27 343
2011 Average .................... 248 351 9 608 186 102 2 24 (s) 23 336
2012 Average .................... 228 281 4 513 168 96 1 21 (s) 14 300
2013 Average .................... 233 331 4 568 163 108 (s) 22 (s) 11 304
2014 Average .................... 253 349 7 609 169 114 1 29 (s) 3 318
2015 Average .................... 262 318 5 584 171 106 1 d 204 (s) 2 483
2016 Average .................... 206 306 7 518 154 107 1 203 (s) 2 467
2017 Average .................... 205 307 4 517 153 111 1 196 (s) 2 462
2018 Average .................... 241 361 4 606 153 126 1 199 (s) 1 480

2019 January ...................... 383 754 20 1,157 266 209 3 189 (s) 2 669
February .................... 353 709 13 1,075 245 199 2 195 (s) 2 643
March ......................... 282 592 (s) 874 196 172 (s) 197 (s) 1 568
April ........................... 187 353 1 542 130 119 (s) 202 (s) 1 453
May ............................ 142 254 1 397 99 97 (s) 204 0 1 400
June ........................... 123 166 1 290 86 77 (s) 209 0 1 372
July ............................ 115 144 1 261 80 72 (s) 205 0 1 358
August ....................... 177 148 (s) 325 123 73 (s) 211 0 1 408
September ................. 102 171 4 278 71 78 1 198 0 (s) 348
October ...................... 154 322 2 478 107 112 (s) 200 0 1 420
November .................. 312 576 9 897 217 169 2 198 0 1 587
December .................. 358 652 11 1,020 249 186 2 193 (s) 2 631
Average .................... 223 402 5 630 155 130 1 200 (s) 1 487

2020 January ...................... 314 687 19 1,020 218 192 3 188 (s) 1 602
February .................... 276 656 22 954 192 185 4 195 (s) 1 576
March ......................... 241 496 4 741 168 149 1 167 0 1 485
April ........................... 224 412 2 638 156 130 (s) 126 0 1 413
May ............................ 245 251 (s) 496 170 94 (s) 155 0 1 420
June ........................... 159 153 1 313 111 72 (s) 178 0 1 362
July ............................ 104 137 (s) 241 72 69 (s) 182 0 (s) 323
August ....................... 91 139 7 237 63 69 1 183 0 (s) 317
September ................. 158 179 6 342 110 78 1 184 0 1 373
October ...................... 177 319 2 498 123 109 (s) 179 0 1 412
November .................. 221 460 1 682 154 141 (s) 172 0 1 R 468
December .................. 268 695 6 969 186 193 1 169 0 1 R 551
Average .................... 206 381 6 593 143 123 1 173 (s) 1 441

2021 January ...................... 240 735 7 982 167 202 1 165 0 1 536
February .................... 278 791 24 1,094 194 215 4 166 (s) 1 580
March ......................... 209 513 2 724 145 153 (s) 184 (s) 1 483
April ........................... 147 372 6 526 102 121 1 189 0 1 414
May ............................ 123 247 1 371 86 93 (s) 196 0 (s) 376
June ........................... 108 143 (s) 252 75 70 (s) 199 0 (s) 345
July ............................ R 73 137 1 R 211 51 69 (s) 200 0 (s) R 320
August ....................... 62 138 (s) 200 43 69 (s) 196 0 (s) 308
8-Month Average ..... 154 381 5 539 107 123 1 187 (s) 1 419

2020 8-Month Average ..... 206 365 7 578 143 119 1 172 (s) 1 437
2019 8-Month Average ..... 219 387 5 611 152 127 1 202 (s) 1 483

a Commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial combined-heat-and- Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
b Hydrocarbon gas liquids. an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term
c Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a–3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal
d There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the
change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use 50 states and the District of Columbia.
sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of motor Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
gasoline consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
is smaller. beginning in 1973.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater Sources: See end of section.
than -500 barrels per day.
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  77 
Table 3.7b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Industrial Sectora
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids
Asphalt Distil- Propane/Propylene Resid-
and late Motor Petro- ual
Road Fuel Pro- Propy- Kero- Lubri- Gaso- leum Fuel
Oil Oil pane lene Totalb Totalc sene cants lined,e Coke Oil Otherf Total

1950 Average .................... 180 328 12 13 24 100 132 43 131 41 617 250 1,822
1955 Average .................... 254 466 59 22 81 212 116 47 173 67 686 366 2,387
1960 Average .................... 302 476 98 33 131 333 78 48 198 149 689 435 2,708
1965 Average .................... 368 541 152 45 197 470 80 62 179 202 689 657 3,247
1970 Average .................... 447 577 201 55 256 699 89 70 150 203 708 866 3,808
1975 Average .................... 419 630 242 60 302 863 58 68 116 246 658 982 4,038
1980 Average .................... 396 621 445 72 516 1,293 87 82 82 234 586 1,460 4,842
1985 Average .................... 425 526 497 72 569 1,408 21 75 114 261 326 909 4,065
1990 Average .................... 483 541 471 105 576 1,364 6 84 97 325 179 1,225 4,304
1995 Average .................... 486 532 566 157 723 1,727 7 80 105 328 147 1,180 4,594
2000 Average .................... 525 563 500 224 724 1,923 8 86 79 361 105 1,255 4,903
2005 Average .................... 546 594 506 243 749 1,666 19 72 187 404 123 1,489 5,100
2006 Average .................... 521 594 521 268 789 1,710 14 71 198 425 104 1,557 5,193
2007 Average .................... 494 595 536 252 787 1,744 6 73 161 412 84 1,487 5,056
2008 Average .................... 417 637 389 230 619 1,510 2 67 131 394 84 1,317 4,559
2009 Average .................... 360 509 383 267 650 1,617 2 61 128 363 57 1,175 4,272
2010 Average .................... 362 547 369 305 674 1,780 4 61 140 310 52 1,251 4,508
2011 Average .................... 355 586 393 310 703 1,792 2 58 138 295 59 1,240 4,523
2012 Average .................... 340 602 480 308 788 1,910 1 53 136 319 30 1,165 4,558
2013 Average .................... 323 601 525 306 831 2,057 1 57 142 295 21 1,227 4,723
2014 Average .................... 327 648 401 298 698 1,974 1 59 114 290 18 1,151 4,582
2015 Average .................... 343 555 436 295 731 2,121 1 64 e 140 295 15 1,153 4,687
2016 Average .................... 351 548 415 301 717 2,123 1 61 142 289 23 1,170 4,706
2017 Average .................... 351 572 379 309 688 2,214 1 56 143 269 22 1,228 4,856
2018 Average .................... 327 595 396 311 707 2,522 1 55 146 278 19 1,210 5,153
2019 January ...................... 195 773 405 320 724 2,748 3 54 136 242 21 1,217 5,388
February .................... 201 720 324 299 623 2,677 2 50 141 79 19 969 4,858
March ......................... 232 652 194 265 459 2,367 (s) 46 143 258 15 1,102 4,814
April ........................... 318 613 180 289 468 2,409 (s) 74 146 210 12 1,261 5,042
May ............................ 369 603 202 302 504 2,390 (s) 51 147 274 12 1,257 5,103
June ........................... 413 485 278 311 589 2,505 (s) 50 151 368 21 1,144 5,136
July ............................ 510 422 369 297 666 2,708 (s) 61 148 357 22 1,110 5,338
August ....................... 507 419 315 294 608 2,628 (s) 54 153 293 20 1,299 5,374
September ................. 480 529 507 283 789 2,787 1 46 143 226 19 1,222 5,452
October ...................... 438 671 456 316 772 2,709 (s) 62 145 221 21 1,172 5,437
November .................. 310 585 419 301 721 2,649 1 50 143 326 14 1,222 5,299
December .................. 198 409 330 306 635 2,656 1 45 139 332 19 1,275 5,074
Average .................... 348 573 331 298 630 2,602 1 53 145 267 18 1,189 5,195
2020 January ...................... 190 773 R 298 284 581 2,559 2 60 135 210 15 1,228 R 5,173
February .................... 190 824 412 258 R 670 2,468 3 52 141 223 12 1,291 R 5,204
March ......................... 209 679 342 254 595 2,712 1 38 121 211 6 1,324 5,300
April ........................... 300 344 R 120 281 R 401 R 2,179 (s) 40 91 152 5 1,095 4,205
May ............................ 364 228 R 276 274 550 2,587 (s) 39 112 185 4 1,156 4,675
June ........................... 508 281 206 263 470 2,665 (s) 48 129 175 13 1,057 4,875
July ............................ 488 389 267 275 542 2,815 (s) 53 131 214 22 1,090 5,203
August ....................... 480 424 379 259 638 2,762 1 45 132 318 20 1,110 5,292
September ................. 421 540 496 285 781 2,756 1 50 133 283 20 944 R 5,148
October ...................... 402 662 389 299 688 2,883 (s) 53 129 198 16 938 5,281
November .................. 321 607 R 366 300 R 666 3,126 (s) 49 124 274 13 1,046 5,562
December .................. 234 598 R 228 298 R 526 R 3,088 1 54 122 211 13 1,113 R 5,433
Average .................... 343 528 315 278 592 2,718 1 48 125 221 13 1,116 5,114
2021 January ...................... 239 799 257 323 580 3,057 1 52 119 214 15 913 5,409
February .................... 201 665 51 266 317 1,882 3 54 120 115 17 885 3,943
March ......................... 268 755 338 282 619 2,586 (s) 45 133 193 19 1,149 5,149
April ........................... 351 699 148 312 460 2,639 1 53 137 201 9 1,286 5,376
May ............................ 383 611 324 338 662 3,097 (s) 50 142 278 17 1,119 5,697
June ........................... 504 605 404 318 722 3,194 (s) 46 144 312 21 1,065 5,892
July ............................ 476 R 451 304 311 615 2,922 (s) 52 145 176 21 1,046 R 5,289
August ....................... 491 585 498 311 809 3,213 (s) 45 141 307 22 1,075 5,879
8-Month Average ..... 366 646 294 308 602 2,835 1 50 135 226 18 1,069 5,344
2020 8-Month Average ..... 342 492 287 269 556 2,596 1 47 124 211 12 1,169 4,993
2019 8-Month Average ..... 345 585 283 297 580 2,553 1 55 146 262 18 1,172 5,135

a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary supply)
(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes
b Propane and propylene. Through 1983, also includes 40% of "Butane- crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
Propane Mixtures" and 30% of "Ethane-Propane Mixtures." R=Revised. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per
c Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, natural gasoline (pentanes plus), day.
and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). Through Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
1983, also includes plant condensate and unfractionated stream. see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
d Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a–3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
e There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal
change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the
sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of motor 50 states and the District of Columbia.
gasoline consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
is smaller. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
f Petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous beginning in 1973.
products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, Sources: See end of section.
also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

78  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.7c Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Transportation Sector Electric Power Sectora

Avia- Distil- HGLb Resid- Distil- Resid-

tion late Motor ual late Petro- ual
Gaso- Fuel Pro- Jet Lubri- Gaso- Fuel Fuel leum Fuel
line Oilc paned Fuele cants linef,g Oil Otherh Total Oili Coke Oilj Total

1950 Average .................... 108 226 2 (e) 64 2,433 524 NA 3,356 15 NA 192 207
1955 Average .................... 192 372 9 154 70 3,221 440 NA 4,458 15 NA 191 206
1960 Average .................... 161 418 13 371 68 3,736 367 NA 5,135 10 NA 231 241
1965 Average .................... 120 514 23 602 67 4,374 336 NA 6,036 14 NA 302 316
1970 Average .................... 55 738 32 967 66 5,589 332 NA 7,778 66 9 853 928
1975 Average .................... 39 998 31 992 70 6,512 310 NA 8,951 107 1 1,280 1,388
1980 Average .................... 35 1,311 13 1,062 77 6,441 608 NA 9,546 79 2 1,069 1,151
1985 Average .................... 27 1,491 21 1,218 71 6,667 342 NA 9,838 40 3 435 478
1990 Average .................... 24 1,722 16 1,522 80 7,080 443 NA 10,888 45 14 507 566
1995 Average .................... 21 1,973 13 1,514 76 7,674 397 NA 11,668 51 37 247 334
2000 Average .................... 20 2,422 8 1,725 81 8,370 386 NA 13,012 82 45 378 505
2005 Average .................... 19 2,858 20 1,679 68 8,948 365 NA 13,957 54 111 382 547
2006 Average .................... 18 3,017 20 1,633 67 9,029 395 NA 14,178 35 97 157 289
2007 Average .................... 17 3,037 16 1,622 69 9,093 433 NA 14,287 42 78 173 293
2008 Average .................... 15 2,738 29 1,539 64 8,834 402 NA 13,621 34 70 104 209
2009 Average .................... 14 2,626 20 1,393 57 8,841 344 (h) 13,297 33 63 79 175
2010 Average .................... 15 2,764 d5 1,432 70 8,824 389 h
( ) 13,499 38 65 67 170
2011 Average .................... 15 2,849 5 1,425 67 8,591 338 (h) 13,291 30 66 41 137
2012 Average .................... 14 2,719 5 1,398 61 8,525 291 (h) 13,013 25 41 33 99
2013 Average .................... 12 2,804 5 1,434 65 8,679 253 (h) 13,253 26 59 34 119
2014 Average .................... 12 2,928 5 1,470 67 8,778 195 (h) 13,455 39 57 41 137
2015 Average .................... 11 2,974 5 1,548 74 g 8,835 202 (h) 13,650 33 54 41 128
2016 Average .................... 11 2,944 5 1,614 70 8,973 271 (h) 13,888 26 57 31 113
2017 Average .................... 11 2,976 5 1,682 64 8,988 290 (h) 14,016 26 47 29 101
2018 Average .................... 12 3,118 5 1,707 62 8,984 263 (h) 14,152 38 49 34 121

2019 January ...................... 9 2,868 5 1,621 60 8,453 263 (h) 13,279 38 52 33 123
February .................... 9 2,963 5 1,607 55 8,736 238 (h) 13,612 26 48 21 95
March ......................... 13 3,031 5 1,711 51 8,844 185 (h) 13,840 23 37 20 80
April ........................... 12 3,168 5 1,756 82 9,062 144 (h) 14,229 21 25 21 67
May ............................ 15 3,240 5 1,773 56 9,146 155 (h) 14,390 26 47 24 97
June ........................... 16 3,272 5 1,802 55 9,344 274 (h) 14,768 26 35 27 88
July ............................ 17 3,269 5 1,847 68 9,180 291 (h) 14,677 24 48 29 101
August ....................... 13 3,287 5 1,841 60 9,470 277 (h) 14,953 24 43 31 98
September ................. 15 3,195 5 1,702 51 8,857 258 (h) 14,083 23 38 27 87
October ...................... 14 3,270 5 1,727 69 8,964 272 (h) 14,319 23 11 26 60
November .................. 12 3,062 5 1,711 55 8,868 169 (h) 13,883 25 21 24 70
December .................. 9 2,885 5 1,809 50 8,639 239 (h) 13,635 27 31 25 83
Average .................... 13 3,127 5 1,743 59 8,965 231 (h) 14,142 26 36 26 88

2020 January ...................... 12 2,692 5 1,673 66 8,401 198 (h) 13,045 27 41 25 93

February .................... 8 2,764 5 1,619 57 8,715 154 (h) 13,322 23 32 21 77
March ......................... 11 2,854 5 1,388 42 7,491 66 (h) 11,857 19 42 19 79
April ........................... 6 2,788 5 678 45 5,649 51 (h) 9,221 16 37 18 72
May ............................ 14 2,785 5 597 44 6,931 37 (h) 10,413 19 37 19 75
June ........................... 11 2,920 5 784 54 7,985 171 (h) 11,930 24 50 24 98
July ............................ 13 3,025 5 968 59 8,147 298 (h) 12,513 25 50 26 101
August ....................... 11 3,066 5 1,016 50 8,208 260 (h) 12,615 23 47 26 96
September ................. 12 2,989 5 921 55 8,225 277 (h) 12,484 18 26 25 69
October ...................... 12 3,052 5 1,006 58 8,008 213 (h) 12,354 22 21 26 69
November .................. 11 2,877 5 1,130 55 7,705 171 (h) 11,952 21 34 23 79
December .................. 10 2,812 5 1,148 60 7,565 157 (h) 11,756 24 44 24 92
Average .................... 11 2,886 5 1,076 54 7,751 171 (h) 11,954 22 39 23 83

2021 January ...................... 11 2,709 5 1,131 58 7,383 198 82 11,577 21 43 28 91

February .................... 5 2,741 5 1,092 60 7,457 211 112 11,683 67 48 30 145
March ......................... 9 2,904 5 1,158 50 8,260 250 130 12,766 20 41 21 82
April ........................... 15 3,017 5 1,279 59 8,466 113 124 13,077 21 25 20 66
May ............................ 9 3,033 5 1,318 56 8,799 221 136 13,576 21 31 21 74
June ........................... 17 3,130 5 1,425 51 8,930 289 124 13,971 22 32 24 78
July ............................ 11 3,064 5 1,490 58 8,968 282 110 R 13,988 19 43 24 86
August ....................... 15 3,169 5 1,578 50 8,774 290 132 14,015 27 47 35 109
8-Month Average ..... 12 2,973 5 1,311 55 8,388 232 119 13,095 27 39 25 91

2020 8-Month Average ..... 11 2,863 5 1,089 52 7,690 155 (h) 11,863 22 42 22 86
2019 8-Month Average ..... 13 3,139 5 1,746 61 9,032 228 (h) 14,224 26 42 26 94

a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS of non-fuel ethanol biofuels (such as B100 biodiesel and R100 renewable diesel
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to fuel) not reported as input on surveys. For 2009–2020, data in this category were
the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data classified as renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol) adjustments.
are for electric utilities and independent power producers. i Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
b Hydrocarbon gas liquids. combustion plant use of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include
c Beginning in 2009, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel blended into small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
distillate fuel oil. For 2011–2020, also includes biodiesel adjustments (supply of j Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 1979, data are for steam plant use of
biodiesel not reported as input on surveys) reclassified as distillate fuel oil petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil
adjustments. no. 4.
d There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2009 and 2010 due to a R=Revised. NA=Not available.
change in data sources. Notes: • Transportation sector data are estimates. • For total petroleum
e Beginning in 1957, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. For 1952–2004, also consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5.
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is
the products from which it was blended—gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a–3.8c. Other
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other" on Table 3.7b.) measurements of consumption by fuel type or sector may differ. For example, jet
f Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. fuel product supplied may not equal jet fuel consumed by U.S-flagged aircraft. See
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
g There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of motor Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
gasoline consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
is smaller. beginning in 1973.
h Renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol) products supplied. Includes supply Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  79 
Figure 3.8a  Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End‐Use Sector, 1949‐2020 
                               (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

Residential and Commercial [a] Sectors, Selected Products

3

Distillate Fuel Oil

1
Residual Fuel Oil
HGL [b]

Kerosene
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Industrial [a] Sector, Selected Products

4

HGL [b]
2

Distillate Fuel Oil

1
Asphalt and Road Oil

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Transportation Sector, Selected Products

20

15 Motor Gasoline [c]

10

5 Distillate Fuel Oil [d]

Jet Fuel [e]

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

[a] Includes combined‐heat‐and‐power plants and a small number of electricity‐  [e] Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene‐type jet fuel only. 
only plants.  Note:  Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum 
[b] Hydrocarbon gas liquids.  consumption and is synonymous with the term “petroleum consumption” 
[c] Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.  in Tables 3.7a–3.8c.  Other measurements of consumption by fuel type or 
[d] From 2009–2020, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)  sector may differ.  For example, jet fuel product supplied may not equal jet 
blended into distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2021, includes refinery and blender  fuel consumed by U.S.‐flagged aircraft. 
net inputs of renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. 
fuel oil.  Sources: Tables 3.8a–3.8c. 

80  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Figure 3.8b  Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End‐Use Sector, Monthly 
                               (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

Residential and Commercial [a] Sectors, Selected Products

0.15

HGL [b]

0.10

Distillate Fuel Oil

0.05

Motor Gasoline

0.00
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Industrial [a] Sector, Selected Products

0.4

0.3
HGL [b]

0.2
Distillate Fuel Oil

0.1

Asphalt and Road Oil

0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Transportation Sector, Selected Products

1.8

Motor Gasoline [c]

1.2

Distillate Fuel Oil [d]

0.6

Jet Fuel [e]

0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 

[a] Includes combined‐heat‐and‐power plants and a small number of electricity‐  [e] Includes kerosene‐type jet fuel only. 
only plants.  Note:  Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum 
[b] Hydrocarbon gas liquids.  consumption and is synonymous with the term “petroleum consumption” 
[c] Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.  in Tables 3.7a–3.8c.  Other measurements of consumption by fuel type or 
[d] Through 2020, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended  sector may differ.  For example, jet fuel product supplied may not equal jet 
into distillate fuel oil.  Beginning in 2021, includes refinery and blender net  fuel consumed by U.S.‐flagged aircraft. 
inputs of renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. 
oil.  Sources: Tables 3.8a–3.8c. 

 
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  81 
Table 3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Residential Sector Commercial Sectora

HGLb HGLb
Distillate Kero- Distillate Kero- Motor Petroleum Residual
Fuel Oil Propane sene Total Fuel Oil Propane sene Gasolinec,d Coke Fuel Oil Total

1950 Total ...................... 829 146 347 1,322 262 39 47 100 NA 424 872
1955 Total ...................... 1,194 202 371 1,767 377 54 51 133 NA 480 1,095
1960 Total ...................... 1,568 305 354 2,228 494 81 48 67 NA 559 1,248
1965 Total ...................... 1,713 386 334 2,432 534 103 54 77 NA 645 1,413
1970 Total ...................... 1,878 549 298 2,726 587 143 61 86 NA 714 1,592
1975 Total ...................... 1,807 512 161 2,479 587 130 49 89 NA 492 1,346
1980 Total ...................... 1,316 312 107 1,734 518 88 41 107 NA 565 1,318
1985 Total ...................... 1,092 315 159 1,566 631 95 33 96 NA 228 1,083
1990 Total ...................... 978 353 64 1,395 536 102 12 111 0 230 991
1995 Total ...................... 904 395 74 1,374 478 109 22 18 (s) 141 769
2000 Total ...................... 904 556 95 1,554 490 151 30 44 (s) 92 807
2005 Total ...................... 853 514 84 1,450 447 132 22 46 (s) 116 762
2006 Total ...................... 709 446 66 1,222 400 123 15 48 (s) 75 662
2007 Total ...................... 721 484 44 1,249 381 122 9 60 (s) 75 648
2008 Total ...................... 750 553 21 1,325 384 158 4 45 (s) 71 663
2009 Total ...................... 582 548 28 1,158 395 139 4 52 (s) 71 662
2010 Total ...................... 562 530 29 1,120 391 140 5 52 (s) 62 650
2011 Total ...................... 523 493 19 1,034 391 143 3 44 (s) 54 635
2012 Total ...................... 482 396 8 886 355 136 1 39 (s) 31 562
2013 Total ...................... 491 463 8 963 344 152 1 40 (s) 24 561
2014 Total ...................... 533 490 14 1,036 357 160 2 54 1 8 581
2015 Total ...................... 551 446 10 1,007 360 148 1 d 376 1 4 890
2016 Total ...................... 435 430 14 878 326 150 2 375 (s) 4 858
2017 Total ...................... 432 431 8 871 323 156 1 361 (s) 4 845
2018 Total ...................... 508 507 8 1,022 323 176 1 366 (s) 3 870

2019 January .................. 68 90 4 162 48 25 1 30 (s) (s) 103

February ................ 57 76 2 135 40 21 (s) 28 (s) (s) 89
March ..................... 50 70 (s) 121 35 21 (s) 31 (s) (s) 87
April ....................... 32 41 (s) 73 23 14 (s) 31 (s) (s) 67
May ........................ 25 30 (s) 56 18 12 (s) 32 0 (s) 61
June ....................... 21 19 (s) 41 15 9 (s) 32 0 (s) 55
July ........................ 21 17 (s) 38 14 9 (s) 32 0 (s) 55
August ................... 32 18 (s) 49 22 9 (s) 33 0 (s) 64
September ............. 18 20 1 38 12 9 (s) 30 0 (s) 52
October .................. 28 38 (s) 66 19 13 (s) 31 0 (s) 64
November .............. 54 66 2 122 38 19 (s) 30 0 (s) 88
December .............. 64 78 2 143 44 22 (s) 30 (s) (s) 97
Total ...................... 471 563 11 1,045 327 182 2 369 (s) 2 883

2020 January .................. 56 82 3 141 39 23 1 29 (s) (s) 92

February ................ 46 73 4 123 32 21 1 29 (s) (s) 82
March ..................... 43 59 1 103 30 18 (s) 26 0 (s) 74
April ....................... 39 47 (s) 87 27 15 (s) 19 0 (s) 61
May ........................ 44 30 (s) 74 30 11 (s) 24 0 (s) 66
June ....................... 28 18 (s) 45 19 8 (s) 27 0 (s) 55
July ........................ 19 16 (s) 35 13 8 (s) 28 0 (s) 50
August ................... 16 17 1 34 11 8 (s) 29 0 (s) 49
September ............. 27 21 1 49 19 9 (s) 28 0 (s) 56
October .................. 32 38 (s) 70 22 13 (s) 28 0 (s) 63
November .............. 38 53 (s) 91 27 16 (s) 26 0 (s) 69
December .............. 48 83 1 132 33 23 (s) 26 0 (s) 83
Total ...................... 435 536 12 984 303 173 2 320 (s) 2 800

2021 January .................. 43 88 1 132 30 24 (s) 26 0 (s) 80

February ................ 45 85 4 134 31 23 1 24 (s) (s) 79
March ..................... 37 61 (s) 99 26 18 (s) 29 (s) (s) 73
April ....................... 25 43 1 69 18 14 (s) 29 0 (s) 61
May ........................ 22 29 (s) 52 15 11 (s) 31 0 (s) 57
June ....................... 19 17 (s) 35 13 8 (s) 30 0 (s) 51
July ........................ 13 16 (s) 30 9 8 (s) 31 0 (s) 49
August ................... 11 16 (s) 28 8 8 (s) 31 0 (s) 47
8-Month Total ....... 216 355 7 578 150 115 1 230 (s) 1 497

2020 8-Month Total ....... 290 342 9 642 202 112 2 212 (s) 1 528
2019 8-Month Total ....... 307 361 6 675 214 118 1 248 (s) 2 582

a Commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial combined-heat-and- Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption
power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
b Hydrocarbon gas liquids. 3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption
c Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a–3.8c.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
d There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of motor Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
gasoline consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
is smaller. beginning in 1973.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu. Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

82  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector
(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids

Asphalt Distil- Propane/Propylene Resid-

and late Motor Petro- ual
Road Fuel Pro- Propy- Kero- Lubri- Gaso- leum Fuel
Oil Oil pane lene Totalb Totalc sene cants lined,e Coke Oil Otherf Total

1950 Total .................... 435 698 17 18 34 138 274 94 251 90 1,416 546 3,943
1955 Total .................... 615 991 83 30 113 293 241 103 332 147 1,573 798 5,093
1960 Total .................... 734 1,016 137 47 184 461 161 107 381 328 1,584 947 5,720
1965 Total .................... 890 1,150 213 63 276 649 165 137 342 444 1,582 1,390 6,750
1970 Total .................... 1,082 1,226 282 77 359 930 185 155 288 446 1,624 1,817 7,754
1975 Total .................... 1,014 1,339 339 84 423 1,126 119 149 223 540 1,509 2,071 8,092
1980 Total .................... 962 1,324 625 100 726 1,718 181 182 158 516 1,349 3,073 9,463
1985 Total .................... 1,029 1,119 696 101 798 1,813 44 166 218 575 748 1,944 7,655
1990 Total .................... 1,170 1,150 660 147 807 1,781 12 186 185 714 411 2,588 8,199
1995 Total .................... 1,178 1,130 794 220 1,014 2,269 15 178 200 721 337 2,498 8,525
2000 Total .................... 1,276 1,199 703 315 1,017 2,498 16 190 150 796 241 2,635 8,999
2005 Total .................... 1,323 1,262 709 341 1,050 2,138 39 160 354 894 281 3,122 9,574
2006 Total .................... 1,261 1,258 731 375 1,106 2,171 30 156 374 938 239 3,276 9,703
2007 Total .................... 1,197 1,256 751 352 1,103 2,207 13 161 302 910 193 3,134 9,373
2008 Total .................... 1,012 1,348 547 323 870 1,904 4 150 245 870 194 2,788 8,514
2009 Total .................... 873 1,073 537 374 911 1,992 4 135 238 805 130 2,483 7,733
2010 Total .................... 878 1,153 517 428 944 2,204 7 136 260 694 120 2,645 8,096
2011 Total .................... 859 1,236 551 434 985 2,169 4 127 254 663 135 2,621 8,069
2012 Total .................... 827 1,271 674 432 1,107 2,349 2 118 252 717 70 2,474 8,080
2013 Total .................... 783 1,266 736 429 1,164 2,544 1 125 263 663 48 2,583 8,277
2014 Total .................... 793 1,366 562 417 979 2,409 3 131 210 653 41 2,430 8,035
2015 Total .................... 832 1,170 611 413 1,025 2,620 2 142 e 258 663 34 2,435 8,155
2016 Total .................... 853 1,157 584 423 1,007 2,597 2 135 262 653 52 2,553 8,265
2017 Total .................... 849 1,205 532 432 964 2,679 1 125 264 610 50 2,667 8,451
2018 Total .................... 793 1,254 556 436 991 3,030 2 122 269 629 43 2,630 8,772
2019 January ................ 40 138 48 38 86 282 (s) 10 21 47 4 225 768
February .............. 37 116 35 32 67 245 (s) 8 20 14 3 162 607
March ................... 48 117 23 31 55 237 (s) 9 22 49 3 204 688
April ..................... 63 106 21 33 54 233 (s) 13 22 39 2 225 704
May ...................... 76 108 24 36 60 243 (s) 9 23 53 2 232 746
June ..................... 82 84 32 36 68 252 (s) 9 23 68 4 205 727
July ...................... 105 76 44 35 79 283 (s) 11 23 68 4 206 777
August ................. 104 75 37 35 72 275 (s) 10 24 56 4 240 788
September ........... 96 92 58 33 91 282 (s) 8 22 42 4 218 762
October ................ 90 120 54 38 92 282 (s) 12 23 42 4 217 790
November ............ 62 101 48 35 83 261 (s) 9 22 60 3 219 736
December ............ 41 73 39 36 76 270 (s) 8 22 63 4 235 716
Total .................... 844 1,206 465 418 882 3,144 1 118 267 602 41 2,585 8,809
2020 January ................ 39 138 35 34 69 252 (s) 11 21 40 3 227 732
February .............. 37 138 46 29 75 223 (s) 9 21 40 2 223 693
March ................... 43 121 41 30 71 274 (s) 7 19 41 1 244 750
April ..................... 60 60 14 32 46 202 (s) 7 14 28 1 195 567
May ...................... 75 41 33 33 65 258 (s) 7 18 36 1 213 649
June ..................... 101 49 24 30 54 259 (s) 9 20 33 3 189 661
July ...................... 100 70 32 33 65 281 (s) 10 21 41 4 201 729
August ................. 99 76 45 31 76 283 (s) 8 21 61 4 205 757
September ........... 84 93 57 33 90 279 (s) 9 20 52 4 170 712
October ................ 83 118 46 36 82 R 299 (s) 10 20 38 3 173 745
November ............ 64 105 42 35 77 309 (s) 9 19 51 2 187 747
December ............ 48 107 27 35 63 319 (s) 10 19 41 2 205 752
Total .................... 832 1,116 442 390 832 3,240 2 107 231 502 30 2,433 8,493

2021 January ................ 49 143 31 38 69 314 (s) 10 19 41 3 169 748

February .............. 37 107 5 29 34 172 1 9 17 20 3 149 516
March ................... 55 135 40 33 74 266 (s) 9 21 37 4 212 739
April ..................... 70 121 17 36 53 256 (s) 10 21 37 2 229 746
May ...................... 79 109 39 40 79 315 (s) 9 22 53 3 207 799
June ..................... 100 105 47 37 83 320 (s) 8 22 58 4 191 808
July ...................... 98 R 81 36 37 73 298 (s) 10 23 34 4 194 742
August ................. 101 105 59 37 96 335 (s) 9 22 59 4 200 834
8-Month Total ..... 590 906 274 287 561 2,278 1 73 166 340 27 1,551 5,932

2020 8-Month Total ..... 554 692 269 251 521 2,033 1 69 153 320 19 1,698 5,539
2019 8-Month Total ..... 556 820 264 277 541 2,050 1 81 179 395 27 1,697 5,804

a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified
(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary supply)
b Propane and propylene. Through 1983, also includes 40% of "Butane- reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes
Propane Mixtures" and 30% of "Ethane-Propane Mixtures." crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
c Ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, natural gasoline (pentanes plus), R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene). Through Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption
1983, also includes plant condensate and unfractionated stream. by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
d Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. 3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a–3.8c.
e There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of motor • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
gasoline consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
is smaller. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
f Petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous beginning in 1973.
products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  83 
Table 3.8c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power
Sectors (Trillion Btu)
Transportation Sector Electric Power Sectora
Avia- Distil- HGLb Resid- Distil- Resid-
tion late Motor ual late Petro- ual
Gaso- Fuel Pro- Jet Lubri- Gaso- Fuel Fuel leum Fuel
line Oilc paned Fuele cants linef,g Oil Otherh Total Oili Coke Oilj Total

1950 Total .......................... 199 480 3 (e) 141 4,664 1,201 NA 6,690 32 NA 440 472
1955 Total .......................... 354 791 13 301 155 6,175 1,009 NA 8,799 32 NA 439 471
1960 Total .......................... 298 892 19 739 152 7,183 844 NA 10,125 22 NA 530 553
1965 Total .......................... 222 1,093 32 1,215 149 8,386 770 NA 11,866 29 NA 693 722
1970 Total .......................... 100 1,569 44 1,973 147 10,716 761 NA 15,311 141 19 1,958 2,117
1975 Total .......................... 71 2,121 43 2,029 155 12,485 711 NA 17,615 226 2 2,937 3,166
1980 Total .......................... 64 2,795 18 2,179 172 12,383 1,398 NA 19,009 169 5 2,459 2,634
1985 Total .......................... 50 3,170 30 2,497 156 12,784 786 NA 19,472 85 7 998 1,090
1990 Total .......................... 45 3,661 23 3,129 176 13,575 1,016 NA 21,626 97 30 1,163 1,289
1995 Total .......................... 40 4,191 18 3,132 168 14,576 911 NA 23,036 108 81 566 755
2000 Total .......................... 36 5,159 12 3,580 179 15,933 888 NA 25,787 175 99 871 1,144
2005 Total .......................... 35 6,068 28 3,475 151 16,958 837 NA 27,553 114 231 876 1,222
2006 Total .......................... 33 6,390 28 3,379 147 17,088 906 NA 27,972 73 203 361 637
2007 Total .......................... 32 6,411 22 3,358 152 17,066 994 NA 28,034 89 163 397 648
2008 Total .......................... 28 5,792 40 3,193 141 16,510 926 NA 26,630 73 146 240 459
2009 Total .......................... 27 5,537 28 2,883 127 16,425 791 (h) 25,817 70 132 181 382
2010 Total .......................... 27 5,826 d7 2,963 155 16,320 892 h
( ) 26,190 80 137 154 370
2011 Total .......................... 27 5,997 7 2,950 148 15,877 776 (h) 25,783 64 138 93 295
2012 Total .......................... 25 5,736 7 2,901 135 15,795 671 (h) 25,270 52 85 77 214
2013 Total .......................... 22 5,894 7 2,969 143 16,030 581 (h) 25,646 55 123 77 255
2014 Total .......................... 22 6,154 7 3,042 149 16,209 447 (h) 26,030 82 118 95 295
2015 Total .......................... 21 6,251 7 3,204 163 g 16,308 463 (h) 26,417 70 112 94 276
2016 Total .......................... 20 6,197 8 3,350 154 16,601 623 (h) 26,954 55 118 71 244
2017 Total .......................... 21 6,248 7 3,481 142 16,576 665 (h) 27,140 55 97 66 218
2018 Total .......................... 22 6,550 7 3,533 137 16,573 604 (h) 27,426 81 101 78 260
2019 January ...................... 1 512 1 285 11 1,324 51 (h) 2,185 7 9 6 22
February .................... 1 477 1 255 9 1,236 42 (h) 2,021 4 8 4 16
March ......................... 2 541 1 301 10 1,385 36 (h) 2,275 4 7 4 15
April ........................... 2 547 1 299 15 1,373 27 (h) 2,263 4 4 4 12
May ............................ 2 578 1 312 11 1,432 30 (h) 2,366 5 8 5 18
June ........................... 2 565 1 306 10 1,416 52 (h) 2,352 5 6 5 16
July ............................ 3 583 1 325 13 1,438 57 (h) 2,418 4 8 6 18
August ....................... 2 586 1 324 11 1,483 54 (h) 2,461 4 8 6 18
September ................. 2 552 1 290 9 1,342 49 (h) 2,244 4 6 5 15
October ...................... 2 583 1 304 13 1,404 53 (h) 2,359 4 2 5 11
November .................. 2 529 1 291 10 1,344 32 (h) 2,208 4 4 5 13
December .................. 1 515 1 318 9 1,353 47 (h) 2,243 5 6 5 15
Total .......................... 23 6,567 7 3,608 131 16,531 529 (h) 27,397 54 76 59 189
2020 January ...................... 2 480 1 294 12 1,316 39 (h) 2,143 5 7 5 17
February .................... 1 461 1 266 10 1,277 28 (h) 2,044 4 5 4 13
March ......................... 2 509 1 244 8 1,173 13 (h) 1,949 3 7 4 14
April ........................... 1 481 1 115 8 856 10 (h) 1,472 3 6 3 13
May ............................ 2 497 1 105 8 1,086 7 (h) 1,705 3 7 4 14
June ........................... 2 504 1 133 10 1,210 32 (h) 1,892 4 9 4 17
July ............................ 2 539 1 170 11 1,276 58 (h) 2,057 5 9 5 18
August ....................... 2 547 1 179 9 1,286 51 (h) 2,073 4 8 5 17
September ................. 2 516 1 157 10 1,247 52 (h) 1,984 3 4 5 12
October ...................... 2 544 1 177 11 1,254 41 (h) 2,030 4 4 5 13
November .................. 2 496 1 192 10 1,168 32 (h) 1,901 4 6 4 14
December .................. 2 501 1 202 11 1,185 31 (h) 1,932 4 8 5 17
Total .......................... 20 6,075 7 2,234 119 14,332 394 (h) 23,181 46 81 53 180
2021 January ...................... 2 484 1 199 11 1,156 39 14 1,905 4 8 5 17
February .................... 1 442 1 173 10 1,055 37 17 1,736 11 8 5 24
March ......................... 1 519 1 203 9 1,294 49 22 2,098 4 7 4 15
April ........................... 2 522 1 218 11 1,283 21 20 2,077 4 4 4 12
May ............................ 1 542 1 232 10 1,378 43 23 2,230 4 6 4 14
June ........................... 3 541 1 242 9 1,353 55 20 2,224 4 5 5 14
July ............................ 2 547 1 262 11 1,405 55 18 2,300 3 8 5 16
August ....................... 2 566 1 277 9 1,374 57 22 2,309 5 8 7 20
8-Month Total ........... 14 4,163 4 1,806 81 10,298 355 157 16,879 38 54 39 130
2020 8-Month Total ........... 13 4,018 4 1,506 77 9,479 237 (h) 15,335 31 59 34 124
2019 8-Month Total ........... 16 4,389 5 2,406 90 11,087 349 (h) 18,341 37 58 39 134

a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS fuel) not reported as input on surveys. For 2009–2020, data in this category were
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to classified as renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol) adjustments.
the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data i Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
are for electric utilities and independent power producers. combustion plant use of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include
b Hydrocarbon gas liquids. small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
c Beginning in 2009, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel blended into j Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 1979, data are for steam plant use of
distillate fuel oil. For 2011–2020, also includes biodiesel adjustments (supply of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil
biodiesel not reported as input on surveys) reclassified as distillate fuel oil no. 4.
adjustments. NA=Not available.
d There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2009 and 2010 due to a Notes: • Transportation sector data are estimates. • For total heat content of
change in data sources. petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum
e Beginning in 1957, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. For 1952–2004, also products supplied in Table 3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption"
the products from which it was blended—gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. in Tables 3.7a–3.8c. Other measurements of consumption by fuel type or sector
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other" on Table 3.8b.) may differ. For example, jet fuel product supplied may not equal jet fuel consumed
f Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. by U.S.-flagged aircraft. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due
g There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use of Columbia.
sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of motor Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
gasoline consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
is smaller. beginning in 1973.
h Renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol) products supplied. Includes supply Sources: See end of section.
of non-fuel ethanol biofuels (such as B100 biodiesel and R100 renewable diesel
 
 

84  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Petroleum
Note 1.  Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption.  Total petroleum products supplied is the sum of 
the products supplied for each petroleum product, crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components.  This 
also includes petroleum products supplied for non‐combustion use in the industrial and transportation sectors (see 
Tables 1.11a and 1.11b).  In general, except for crude oil, product supplied of each product is computed as follows:  field 
production, plus renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production, plus refinery and blender net production, plus 
imports, plus net receipts, plus adjustments, minus stock change, minus refinery and blender net inputs, minus exports.  
Crude oil product supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline pump stations as reported on Form 
EIA‐813, "Monthly Crude Oil Report."  Prior to 1983, crude oil burned on leases and used at pipeline pump stations was 
reported as either distillate or residual fuel oil and was included as product supplied for these products.  Petroleum 
product supplied (see Tables 3.5 and 3.6) is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the 
term "Petroleum Consumption" in Tables 3.7a–3.8c. 

Note 2.  Petroleum Survey Respondents.  The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses a number of sources 
and methods to maintain the survey respondent lists.  On a regular basis, survey managers review such industry 
publications as the Oil & Gas Journal and Oil Daily for information on facilities or companies starting up or closing down 
operations.  Those sources are augmented by articles in newspapers, communications from respondents indicating 
changes in status, and information received from survey systems. 

To supplement routine frames maintenance and to provide more thorough coverage, a comprehensive frames 
investigation is conducted every 3 years.  This investigation results in the reassessment and recompilation of the 
complete frame for each survey.  The effort also includes the evaluation of the impact of potential frame changes on the 
historical time series of data from these respondents.  The results of this frame study are usually implemented in 
January to provide a full year under the same frame. 

Note 3.  Historical Petroleum Data.  Detailed information on petroleum data through 1993 can be found in Notes 1–6 
on pages 60 and 61 in the July 2013 Monthly Energy Review (MER) at 
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/archive/00351307.pdf.  The notes discuss: 

Note 1, "Petroleum Survey Respondents":  In 1993, EIA added numerous companies that produce, blend, store, or 
import oxygenates to the monthly surveys. 

Note 2, "Motor Gasoline":  In 1981, EIA expanded its universe to include nonrefinery blenders and separated blending 
components from finished motor gasoline as a reporting category.  In 1993, EIA made adjustments to finished motor 
gasoline product supplied data to more accurately account for fuel ethanol and motor gasoline blending components 
blended into finished motor gasoline. 

Note 3, "Distillate and Residual Fuel Oils":  In 1981, EIA eliminated the requirement to report crude oil in pipelines or 
burned on leases as either distillate or residual fuel oil. 

Note 4, "Petroleum New Stock Basis":  In 1975, 1979, 1981, and 1983, EIA added numerous respondents to bulk terminal 
and pipeline surveys; in 1984, EIA made changes in the reporting of natural gas liquids; and in 1993, EIA changed how it 
collected bulk terminal and pipeline stocks of oxygenates.  These changes affected stocks reported and stock change 
calculations. 

Note 5, "Stocks of Alaskan Crude Oil":  In 1981, EIA began to include data for stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit. 

Note 6, "Petroleum Data Discrepancies":  In 1976, 1978, and 1979, there are some small discrepancies between data in 
the MER and the Petroleum Supply Annual. 

Table 3.1 Sources 
 
1949–1975:  Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.   

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  85 
1976–1980:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual 
reports. 

1981–2001:  EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports. 

2002 forward:  EIA, PSA, annual reports, and unpublished revisions; Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; 
revisions to crude oil production, total field production, and adjustments (based on crude oil production data from:  
Form EIA‐914, "Monthly Crude Oil, Lease Condensate, and Natural Gas Production Report"; state government agencies; 
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and predecessor agencies; and Form 
EIA‐182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report"); and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report 
data system and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations. 

Table 3.2 Sources 
 
1949–1975:  Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports; and U.S. Energy 
Information Administration (EIA) estimates.  (For 1967–1975, refinery and blender net production estimates for  
propylene are equal to “Propane/Propylene Production at Refineries for Chemical Use”; and estimates for propane are 
equal to total propane/propylene minus propylene.)  

1976–1980:  EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and estimates.  (Refinery and 
blender net production estimates for propylene are equal to “Propane/Propylene Production at Refineries for Chemical 
Use”; and estimates for propane are equal to total propane/propylene minus propylene.) 

1981–2020:  EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, unpublished revisions, and estimates.  (For 1981–1985, 
refinery and blender net production estimates for propylene are equal to “Propane/Propylene Production at Refineries 
for Petrochemical Use”; and estimates for propane are equal to total propane/propylene minus propylene.  For 1986–
1988, refinery and blender net production estimates for propylene are created using the 1989 annual propylene share of 
“Net Refinery Production of Propane/Propylene”; and estimates for propane are equal to total propane/propylene 
minus propylene.)   

2021:  EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status 
Report data system, Short‐Term Integrated Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.  

Table 3.5 Sources 
 
1949–1975:  Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports; and U.S. Energy 
Information Administration (EIA) estimates.  (For 1949–1966, product supplied estimates for total propane/propylene 
are created using sales and shipments data from Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Sales of Liquefied 
Petroleum Gases and Ethane, annual reports, and Shipments of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Ethane, annual reports–
annual growth rates of sales and shipments are applied to the 1967 total propane/propylene product supplied value to 
create historical annual estimates.  For 1949–1966, product supplied estimates for propylene are created using the 1967 
annual propylene share of total propane/propylene product supplied; and estimates for propane are equal to total 
propane/propylene minus propylene.  For 1967–1975, product supplied estimates for propylene are equal to propylene 
refinery and blender net production from Table 3.2; and estimates for propane are equal to total propane/propylene 
minus propylene.)  

1976–1980:  EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and estimates.  (Product supplied 
estimates for propylene are equal to propylene refinery and blender net production from Table 3.2; and estimates for 
propane are equal to total propane/propylene minus propylene.) 

1981–2020:  EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, unpublished revisions, and estimates.  (For 1981–1992, 
product supplied estimates for propylene are equal to propylene refinery and blender net production from Table 3.2; 
and estimates for propane are equal to total propane/propylene minus propylene.  For 1993–2009, product supplied 

86  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
estimates for propylene are equal to propylene refinery and blender net production from Table 3.2, plus propylene 
imports from Table 3.3b; and estimates for propane are equal to total propane/propylene minus propylene.)  

2021:  EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status 
Report data system, Short‐Term Integrated Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.  

Table 3.6 Sources   
Asphalt and Road Oil
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for asphalt and road oil are from Table 3.5, and are converted to 
trillion Btu by multiplying by the asphalt and road oil heat content factor in Table A1.  

Aviation Gasoline
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for aviation gasoline are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion 
Btu by multiplying by the aviation gasoline (finished) heat content factor in Table A1. 

Distillate Fuel Oil

1949–2008:  Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for distillate fuel oil are from Table 3.5, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3. 

2009–2011:  Consumption data for biodiesel are calculated using biodiesel data from U.S. Energy Information 
Administration (EIA), EIA‐22M, “Monthly Biodiesel Production Survey”; and “biomass‐based diesel fuel” data from EIA‐
810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” EIA‐812, “Monthly Product Pipeline Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and 
Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor in Table A1).  Refinery 
and blender net inputs data for renewable diesel fuel are set equal to “other renewable diesel fuel” data from EIA‐810, 
“Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by 
multiplying by the renewable diesel fuel heat content factor in Table A1).  Product supplied data for distillate fuel oil 
from Table 3.5, minus consumption data for biodiesel and refinery and blender net inputs data for renewable diesel fuel, 
are converted to Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3.  Total distillate fuel oil 
product supplied is the sum of values for distillate fuel oil (excluding biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel), biodiesel, and 
renewable diesel fuel. 

2012–2020:  Consumption data for biodiesel are from Table 10.4a.  Refinery and blender net inputs data for renewable 
diesel fuel are set equal to “other renewable diesel fuel” data from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, 
“Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the renewable diesel fuel 
heat content factor in Table A1).  Product supplied data for distillate fuel oil from Table 3.5, minus consumption data for 
biodiesel and refinery and blender net inputs data for renewable diesel fuel, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the 
distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3.  Total distillate fuel oil product supplied is the sum of the values for 
distillate fuel oil (excluding biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel), biodiesel, and renewable diesel fuel. 

2021 forward:    Refinery and blender net inputs data for biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel are set equal to refinery 
and blender net inputs data from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender 
Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel heat content factors in 
Table A1).  Product supplied data for distillate fuel oil from Table 3.5, minus refinery and blender net inputs data for 
biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in 
Table A3.  Total distillate fuel oil product supplied is the sum of the values for distillate fuel oil (excluding biodiesel and 
renewable diesel fuel), biodiesel, and renewable diesel fuel. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propane

Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for propane are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu by 
multiplying by the propane heat content factor in Table A1. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  87 
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propylene
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for propylene are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu by 
multiplying by the propylene heat content factor in Table A1. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propane/Propylene Total

Prior to the current two months, total propane/propylene product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for 
propane and propylene. 

For the current two months, product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for total propane/propylene are from 
Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane/propylene heat content factor in Table A1. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Total

Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for the component products of HGL 
(ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, natural gasoline, and refinery olefins—ethylene, propylene, butylene, and 
isobutylene) are from the PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see sources for Table 3.5).  These data are converted to 
trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1.  Total HGL product supplied is the sum of 
the data in trillion Btu for the HGL component products. 

For the current two months:  Note that "liquefied petroleum gases" ("LPG") below include ethane, propane, normal 
butane, isobutane, and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene), but exclude natural gasoline.  
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for LPG are from EIA's Short‐Term Integrated Forecasting System 
(STIFS).  (The STIFS model results are used in EIA's Short‐Term Energy Outlook, which is accessible on the Web at 
https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/.)  These data are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the previous year's 
quantity‐weighted LPG heat content factor (derived using LPG component heat content factors in Table A1).  Product 
supplied data in thousand barrels per day for natural gasoline are from STIFS, and are converted to trillion Btu by 
multiplying by the natural gasoline heat content factor in Table A1.  Total HGL product supplied is the sum of the data in 
trillion Btu for LPG and natural gasoline. 

Jet Fuel
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for kerosene‐type jet fuel and, through 2004, naphtha‐type jet fuel 
are from the PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see sources for Table 3.5).  These data are converted to trillion Btu by 
multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1.  Total jet fuel product supplied is the sum of the data in 
trillion Btu for kerosene‐type and naphtha‐type jet fuel. 

Kerosene
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for kerosene are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu by 
multiplying by the kerosene heat content factor in Table A1. 

Lubricants
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for lubricants are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu by 
multiplying by the lubricants heat content factor in Table A1. 

Motor Gasoline
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion 
Btu by multiplying by the motor gasoline heat content factors in Table A3. 

Other Petroleum Products

Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for "other" petroleum products are 
from the PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see sources for Table 3.5).  "Other" petroleum products include 
petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products; beginning in 
1981, also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other 
products (from both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components; beginning in 1983, 
also includes crude oil burned as fuel; beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha‐type jet fuel; and beginning in 2021, also 
includes renewable fuels excluding fuel ethanol (biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, and other biofuels).    These data are 

88  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in MER Table A1.  Total "Other" 
petroleum product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for the individual products. 

For the current two months, total "Other" petroleum products supplied is calculated by first estimating total petroleum 
products supplied (product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for total petroleum from Table 3.5 are converted 
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the total petroleum consumption heat content factor in Table A3), and then subtracting 
data in trillion Btu (from Table 3.6) for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, total 
HGL, lubricants, motor gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil.  

Petroleum Coke
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion 
Btu by multiplying by the petroleum coke heat content factors in Table A3. 

Residual Fuel Oil

Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for residual fuel oil are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion 
Btu by multiplying by the residual fuel oil heat content factor in Table A1. 

Total Petroleum
Total petroleum products supplied is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for the products (except "Propane") shown in 
Table 3.6.  

Tables 3.7a–3.7c Sources 
 
Petroleum consumption data for 1949–1972 are from the following sources:   

1949–1959:  Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S. Energy 
Information Administration (EIA) estimates. 

1960–1972:  EIA, State Energy Data System. 

Petroleum consumption data beginning in 1973 are derived from data for "petroleum products supplied" from the 
following sources: 

1973–1975:  Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement Annual, annual reports. 

1976–1980:  EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement Annual, annual reports. 

1981–2020:  EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports, and unpublished revisions. 

2021:  EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports. 

Beginning in 1973, energy‐use allocation procedures by individual product are as follows: 

Asphalt and Road Oil

All consumption of asphalt and road oil is assigned to the industrial sector. 

Aviation Gasoline
All consumption of aviation gasoline is assigned to the transportation sector. 

Distillate Fuel Oil

Distillate fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as follows: 

Distillate Fuel Oil, Electric Power Sector

See sources for Table 7.4b.  For 1973–1979, electric utility consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed to be the amount 
of petroleum (minus small amounts of kerosene and kerosene‐type jet fuel deliveries) consumed in gas turbine and 
internal combustion plants.  For 1980–2000, electric utility consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed to be the 
amount of light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, plus small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel) consumed. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  89 
Distillate Fuel Oil, End-Use Sectors, Annual Data
The aggregate end‐use amount is total distillate fuel oil product supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric 
power sector.  The end‐use total consumed annually is allocated to the individual end‐use sectors (residential, 
commercial, industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each sector's share of sales as reported in EIA's Fuel Oil and 
Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA‐0535), which is based primarily on data collected by Form EIA‐821, "Annual 
Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report" (previously Form EIA‐172).  Shares for the current year are based on the most 
recent Sales report. 

Following are notes on the individual sector groupings: 

Beginning in 1979, the residential sector sales total is directly from the Sales reports.  Through 1978, each year's sales 
subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split into residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in 
proportion to the 1979 shares. 

Beginning in 1979, the commercial sector sales total is directly from the Sales reports.  Through 1978, each year's sales 
subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split into residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in 
proportion to the 1979 shares. 

Beginning in 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the sum of the sales for industrial, farm, oil company, off‐highway 
diesel, and all other uses.  Through 1978, each year's sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split into 
residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in proportion to the 1979 shares, and this estimated industrial 
portion is added to oil company, off‐highway diesel, and all other uses. 

The transportation sector sales total is the sum of the sales for railroad, vessel bunkering, on‐highway diesel, and 
military uses for all years. 

Distillate Fuel Oil, End-Use Sectors, Monthly Data

Residential sector and commercial sector monthly consumption is estimated by allocating the annual estimates, which 
are described above, into the months in proportion to each month's share of the year's sales of No. 2 heating oil.  (For 
each month of the current year, the residential and commercial consumption increase from the same month in the 
previous year is based on the percent increase in that month's No. 2 heating oil sales from the same month in the 
previous year.)  The years' No. 2 heating oil sales totals are from the following sources:  for 1973–1980, the Ethyl 
Corporation, Monthly Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981 and 1982, the American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report 
of Heating Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form EIA‐782A, "Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum 
Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End Users and for Resale. 

The transportation highway use portion is allocated into the months in proportion to each month's share of the year's 
total sales for highway use as reported by the Federal Highway Administration's Table MF‐25, "Private and Commercial 
Highway Use of Special Fuels by Months."  Beginning in 1994, the sales‐for‐highway‐use data are no longer available as a 
monthly series; the 1993 data are used for allocating succeeding year's totals into months. 

A distillate fuel oil "balance" is calculated as total distillate fuel oil product supplied minus the amount consumed by the 
electric power sector, residential sector, commercial sector, and for highway use. 

Industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated by multiplying each month's distillate fuel oil "balance" by the 
annual industrial consumption share of the annual distillate fuel oil "balance." 

Total transportation sector monthly consumption is estimated as total distillate fuel oil product supplied minus the 
amount consumed by the residential, commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propane

Annual residential sector propane consumption:  Through 2002, annual residential sector propane consumption is 
estimated by applying the average of the state residential shares for 2003–2008 to the combined residential and 
commercial propane sales.  Beginning in 2003, annual residential sector propane consumption is assumed to equal 
propane retail sales to the residential sector and sales to retailers/cylinder markets. 

90  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Monthly residential sector propane consumption:  Beginning in 1973, annual residential sector propane consumption is 
split into the estimated portion for residential space heating and water heating, and the estimated portion for all other 
residential uses.  The annual values in thousand barrels for residential space heating and water heating are allocated to 
the months in proportion to U.S. heating degree days in Table 1.9.  The annual values in thousand barrels for all other 
residential uses are allocated to the months by dividing the annual values by the number of days in the year and then 
multiplying by the number of days in the month.  Monthly total residential sector propane consumption is the sum of 
the monthly values for residential space heating and water heating and for all other residential uses. 

Annual commercial sector propane consumption:  Through 2002, annual commercial sector propane consumption is 
equal to the combined residential and commercial propane sales minus residential sector propane consumption.  
Beginning in 2003, annual commercial sector propane consumption is assumed to equal commercial sector propane 
sales. 

Monthly commercial sector propane consumption:  Beginning in 1973, annual commercial sector propane consumption 
is split into the estimated portion for commercial space heating and water heating, and the estimated portion for all 
other commercial uses.  The annual values in thousand barrels for commercial space heating and water heating are 
allocated to the months in proportion to U.S. heating degree days in Table 1.9.  The annual values in thousand barrels 
for all other commercial uses are allocated to the months by dividing the annual values by the number of days in the 
year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.  Monthly total commercial sector propane consumption 
is the sum of the monthly values for commercial space heating and water heating and for all other commercial uses. 

Annual transportation sector propane consumption:  Through 2009, annual transportation sector propane consumption 
is assumed to equal the transportation portion of propane sales for internal combustion engines (these sales are 
allocated between the transportation and industrial sectors using data for special fuels used on highways provided by 
the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration).  Beginning in 2010, annual transportation 
sector propane consumption is from EIA, Annual Energy Outlook, Table 37, “Transportation Sector Energy Use by Fuel 
Type within a Mode.” 

Monthly transportation sector propane consumption:  Beginning in 1973, the annual values in thousand barrels for 
transportation sector propane consumption are allocated to the months by dividing the annual values by the number of 
days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. 

Annual and monthly industrial sector propane consumption:  Industrial sector propane consumption is estimated as the 
difference between propane total product supplied from Table 3.5 and the sum of the estimated propane consumption 
by the residential, commercial, and transportation sectors. 

Sources of the annual consumption estimates for creating annual sector shares are:  

1973–1982:  EIA's "Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Ethane" reports, based primarily on data collected by Form 
EIA‐174, "Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases." 

1983:  End‐use consumption estimates for 1983 are based on 1982 end‐use consumption because the collection of data 
under Form EIA‐174 was discontinued after data year 1982. 

1984–2007:  American Petroleum Institute (API), "Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases," table on 
sales of natural gas liquids and liquefied refinery gases by end use.  EIA adjusts the data to remove quantities of natural 
gasoline and to estimate withheld values. 

2008 and 2009:   Propane consumption is from API, “Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases,” table on 
sales of propane by end use.  EIA adjusts the data to estimate withheld values.  Other LPG consumption is from EIA, PSA, 
annual reports, and is allocated to the industrial sector.  

2010–2016:  Propane consumption is from API, “Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases,” table on 
sales of odorized propane by end use; and EIA, Annual Energy Outlook, Table 37, “Transportation Sector Energy Use by 
Fuel Type Within a Mode.”  EIA adjusts the data to estimate withheld values.  Other LPG consumption is from EIA, PSA, 
annual reports, and is allocated to the industrial sector.   
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  91 
2017 forward:  Propane consumption is from Propane Education & Research Council, “Retail Propane Sales Report,” 
data on propane sales by sector; and EIA, Annual Energy Outlook, Table 37, “Transportation Sector Energy Use by Fuel 
Type Within a Mode.”  EIA adjusts the data to estimate withheld values.  Other LPG consumption is from EIA, PSA, 
annual reports, and is allocated to the industrial sector. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propylene

Industrial sector propylene consumption is equal to propylene product supplied in Table 3.5. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propane/Propylene Total

Industrial sector total propane/propylene consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for 
propane and propylene. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Total

The residential, commercial, and transportation sector total HGL consumption values are equal to the propane 
consumption values for those sectors.  The industrial sector total HGL consumption value is equal to total HGL product 
supplied in Table 3.5 minus propane consumption in the residential, commercial, and transportation sectors. 

Jet Fuel
Through 1982, small amounts of kerosene‐type jet fuel were consumed by the electric power sector.   Kerosene‐type jet 
fuel deliveries to the electric power sector as reported on Form FERC‐423 (formerly Form FPC‐423) were used as 
estimates of this consumption.  Through 2004, all remaining jet fuel (kerosene‐type and naphtha‐type) is assigned to the 
transportation sector.  Beginning in 2005, kerosene‐type jet fuel is assigned to the transportation sector, while naphtha‐
type jet fuel is classified under "Other Petroleum Products," which is assigned to the industrial sector.  (Note:  Petroleum 
products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum 
consumption" in Tables 3.7a–3.8c.  Other measurements of consumption by fuel type or sector may differ.  For example, 
jet fuel product supplied may not equal jet fuel consumed by U.S.‐flagged aircraft.)  

Kerosene
Kerosene product supplied is allocated to the individual end‐use sectors (residential, commercial, and industrial) in 
proportion to each sector's share of sales as reported in EIA's Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA‐
0535), which is based primarily on data collected by Form EIA‐821, "Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report" 
(previously Form EIA‐172). 

Beginning in 1979, the residential sector sales total is directly from the Sales reports.  Through 1978, each year's sales 
category called "heating" is allocated to the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979 
shares. 

Beginning in 1979, the commercial sector sales total is directly from the Sales reports.  Through 1978, each year's sales 
category called "heating" is allocated to the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979 
shares. 

Beginning in 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the sum of the sales for industrial, farm, and all other uses.  Through 
1978, each year's sales category called "heating" is allocated to the residential, commercial and industrial sectors in 
proportion to the 1979 shares, and the estimated industrial (including farm) portion is added to all other uses. 

Lubricants
1973–2009:  The consumption of lubricants is allocated to the industrial and transportation sectors for all months 
according to proportions developed from annual sales of lubricants to the two sectors from U.S. Department of 
Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Industrial Reports, "Sales of Lubricating and Industrial Oils and Greases."  The 
1973 shares are applied to 1973 and 1974; the 1975 shares are applied to 1975 and 1976; and the 1977 shares are 
applied to 1977 through 2009. 

2010 forward:  The consumption of lubricants in the industrial sector is estimated by EIA based on Kline & Company data 
on finished lubricant demand for industrial (less marine and railroad) use.  The consumption of lubricants in the 
transportation sector is estimated by EIA based on Kline & Company data on finished lubricant demand for consumer 
92  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
total, commercial total, marine, and railroad use.  Estimates for lubricant consumption from 2010 forward are not 
compatible with data before 2010. 

Motor Gasoline
The total monthly consumption of motor gasoline is allocated to the sectors in proportion to aggregations of annual 
sales categories created on the basis of the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 
Highway Statistics, Tables MF‐21, MF‐24, and MF‐25, as follows: 

Through 2014, commercial sales are the sum of sales for public non‐highway use and miscellaneous use.  Beginning in 
2015, commercial sales are the sum of sales for public non‐highway use, lawn and garden use, and miscellaneous use. 

For all years, industrial sales are the sum of sales for agriculture, construction, and "industrial and commercial" use (as 
classified in the Highway Statistics). 

Through 2014, transportation sales are the sum of sales for highway use (minus the sales of special fuels, which are 
primarily diesel fuel and are accounted for in the transportation sector of distillate fuel) and sales for marine use.  
Beginning in 2015, transportation sales are the sum of sales for highway use (minus the sales of special fuels, which are 
primarily diesel fuel and are accounted for in the transportation sector of distillate fuel) and sales for boating use and 
recreational vehicle use.  

Petroleum Coke
Portions of petroleum coke are consumed by the electric power sector (see sources for Table 7.4b) and the commercial 
sector (see sources for Table 7.4c).  The remaining petroleum coke is assigned to the industrial sector. 

Residual Fuel Oil

Residual fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as follows: 

Residual Fuel Oil, Electric Power Sector

See sources for Table 7.4b.  For 1973–1979, electric utility consumption of residual fuel oil is assumed to be the amount 
of petroleum consumed in steam‐electric power plants.  For 1980–2000, electric utility consumption of residual fuel oil is 
assumed to be the amount of heavy oil (fuel oil nos. 4, 5, and 6) consumed. 

Residual Fuel Oil, End-Use Sectors, Annual Data

The aggregate end‐use amount is total residual fuel oil product supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric 
power sector.  The end‐use total consumed annually is allocated to the individual end‐use sectors (commercial, 
industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each sector's share of sales as reported in EIA's Fuel Oil and Kerosene 
Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA‐535), which is based primarily on data collected by Form EIA‐821, "Annual Fuel Oil 
and Kerosene Sales Report" (previously Form EIA‐172).  Shares for the current year are based on the most recent Sales 
report. 

Following are notes on the individual sector groupings: 

Beginning in 1979, commercial sales data are directly from the Sales reports.  Through 1978, each year's sales subtotal of 
the heating plus industrial category is allocated to the commercial and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979 
shares. 

Beginning in 1979, industrial sales data are the sum of sales for industrial, oil company, and all other uses.  Through 
1978, each year's sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is allocated to the commercial and industrial 
sectors in proportion to the 1979 shares, and the estimated industrial portion is added to oil company and all other uses. 

Transportation sales are the sum of sales for railroad, vessel bunkering, and military uses for all years. 

Residual Fuel Oil, End-Use Sectors, Monthly Data

Commercial sector monthly consumption is estimated by allocating the annual estimates, which are described above, 
into the months in proportion to each month's share of the year's sales of No. 2 heating oil.  (For each month of the 
current year, the consumption increase from the same month in the previous year is based on the percent increase in 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  93 
that month's No. 2 heating oil sales from the same month in the previous year.)  The years' No. 2 heating oil sales totals 
are from the following sources:  for 1973–1980, the Ethyl Corporation, Monthly Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981 and 
1982, the American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report of Heating Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form EIA‐782A, 
"Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End Users and for 
Resale. 

A residual fuel oil "balance" is calculated as total residual fuel oil product supplied minus the amount consumed by the 
electric power sector, commercial sector, and by industrial combined‐heat‐and‐power plants (see sources for Table 
7.4c). 

Transportation sector monthly consumption is estimated by multiplying each month's residual fuel oil "balance" by the 
annual transportation consumption share of the annual residual fuel oil "balance." 

Total industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated as total residual fuel oil product supplied minus the amount 
consumed by the commercial, transportation, and electric power sectors. 

Other Petroleum Products

Consumption of renewable fuels excluding fuel ethanol is assigned to the transportation sector.  Consumption of all 
remaining petroleum products, which include petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, 
and miscellaneous products, is assigned to the industrial sector.  Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per 
day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary 
supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components.  Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as fuel.  
Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha‐type jet fuel.   

Renewable Fuels Excluding Fuel Ethanol

Beginning in 2021, renewable fuels excluding fuel ethanol consumption is assigned to the transportation sector.  
Renewable fuels excluding fuel ethanol consumption consists of products supplied of biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, 
and other biofuels; consumption does not include renewable fuels blended with distillate fuel oil, motor gasoline, or 
other petroleum products. 

Table 3.8a Sources 
Distillate Fuel Oil
Residential and commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for distillate fuel oil are from Table 
3.7a, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propane

Residential and commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for propane are from Table 3.7a, and 
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane heat content factor in Table A1.  The residential and 
commercial sector total HGL consumption values are equal to the propane consumption values for those sectors. 

Kerosene
Residential and commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for kerosene are from Table 3.7a, and 
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the kerosene heat content factor in Table A1. 

Motor Gasoline
Commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7a, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the motor gasoline heat content factors in Table A3. 

Petroleum Coke
1949–2003:  Commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table 3.7a, 
and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the total petroleum coke heat content factor in Table A1. 

2004 forward:  Commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table 
3.7a, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the marketable petroleum coke heat content factor in Table A1.  

94  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Residual Fuel Oil
Commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for residual fuel oil are from Table 3.7a, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the residual fuel oil heat content factor in Table A1. 

Total Petroleum
Residential sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown 
under "Residential Sector" in Table 3.8a. Commercial sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the data in 
trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under "Commercial Sector" in Table 3.8a. 

Table 3.8b Sources 
Asphalt and Road Oil
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for asphalt and road oil are from Table 3.7b, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the asphalt and road oil heat content factor in Table A1. 

Distillate Fuel Oil

Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for distillate fuel oil are from Table 3.7b, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propane

Industrial sector propane consumption data are calculated by subtracting propane consumption data in trillion Btu for 
the residential (Table 3.8a), commercial (Table 3.8a), and transportation (Table 3.8c) sectors from total propane 
consumption (see sources for Table 3.6). 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propylene

Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for propylene are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu by 
multiplying by the propylene heat content factor in Table A1. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propane/Propylene Total

Total industrial sector propane/propylene consumption is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for propane and propylene. 

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Total

Industrial sector consumption data for HGL are calculated by subtracting HGL consumption data in trillion Btu for the 
residential (Table 3.8a), commercial (Table 3.8a), and transportation (Table 3.8c) sectors from total HGL consumption 
(Table 3.6). 

Kerosene
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for kerosene are from Table 3.7b, and are converted to 
trillion Btu by multiplying by the kerosene heat content factor in Table A1. 

Lubricants
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for lubricants are from Table 3.7b, and are converted to 
trillion Btu by multiplying by the lubricants heat content factor in Table A1. 

Motor Gasoline
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7b, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the motor gasoline heat content factors in Table A3. 

Other Petroleum Products

Industrial sector "Other" petroleum data are equal to the "Other" petroleum data in Table 3.6 minus “Renewable Fuels 
Excluding Fuel Ethanol” data (see sources for Table 3.8c). 

Petroleum Coke
1949–2003:  Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table 3.7b, 
and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the total petroleum coke heat content factor in Table A1. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  95 
2004 forward:  Industrial sector consumption data for petroleum coke are calculated by subtracting petroleum coke 
consumption data in trillion Btu for the commercial (Table 3.8a) and electric power (Table 3.8c) sectors from total 
petroleum coke consumption (Table 3.6). 

Residual Fuel Oil

Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for residual fuel oil are from Table 3.7b, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the residual fuel oil heat content factor in Table A1. 

Total Petroleum
Industrial sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown in 
Table 3.8b. 

Table 3.8c Sources 
Aviation Gasoline
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for aviation gasoline are from Table 3.7c, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the aviation gasoline (finished) heat content factor in Table A1. 

Distillate Fuel Oil, Electric Power Sector

Electric power sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for distillate fuel oil are from Table 3.7c, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3. 

Distillate Fuel Oil, Transportation Sector

1949–2008:  Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for distillate fuel oil are from Table 
3.7c, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3. 

2009–2011:  Consumption data for biodiesel are calculated using biodiesel data from U.S. Energy Information 
Administration (EIA), EIA‐22M, “Monthly Biodiesel Production Survey”; and “biomass‐based diesel fuel” data from EIA‐
810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” EIA‐812, “Monthly Product Pipeline Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and 
Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor in Table A1).  Refinery 
and blender net inputs data for renewable diesel fuel are set equal to “other renewable diesel fuel” data from EIA‐810, 
“Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by 
multiplying by the renewable diesel fuel heat content factor in Table A1).  Transportation sector distillate fuel oil 
consumption data from Table 3.7c, minus consumption data for biodiesel and refinery and blender net inputs data for 
renewable diesel fuel, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3.  Total 
transportation sector distillate fuel oil consumption is the sum of the values for distillate fuel oil (excluding biodiesel and 
renewable diesel fuel), biodiesel, and renewable diesel fuel. 

2012–2020:  Consumption data for biodiesel are from Table 10.4a.  Refinery and blender net inputs data for renewable 
diesel fuel are set equal to “other renewable diesel fuel” data from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, 
“Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the renewable diesel fuel 
heat content factor in Table A1).  Transportation sector distillate fuel oil consumption data from Table 3.7c, minus 
consumption data for biodiesel and refinery and blender net inputs data for renewable diesel fuel, are converted to Btu 
by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3.  Total transportation sector distillate fuel oil 
consumption is the sum of the values for distillate fuel oil (excluding biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel), biodiesel, and 
renewable diesel fuel. 

2021 forward:  Refinery and blender net inputs data for biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel are set equal to refinery and 
blender net inputs data from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender 
Report” (the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel heat content factors in 
Table A1).  Transportation sector distillate fuel oil consumption data from Table 3.7c, minus refinery and blender net 
inputs data for biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat 
content factors in Table A3.  Total transportation sector distillate fuel oil consumption is the sum of the values for 
distillate fuel oil (excluding biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel), biodiesel, and renewable diesel fuel.   

96  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL)—Propane
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for propane are from Table 3.7c, and are converted 
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane heat content factor in Table A1.  The transportation sector total HGL 
consumption values are equal to the transportation sector propane consumption values. 

Jet Fuel
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for kerosene‐type jet fuel and, through 2004, 
naphtha‐type jet fuel (see sources for Table 3.7c) are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat 
content factors in Table A1.  Total transportation sector jet fuel consumption is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for 
kerosene‐type and naphtha‐type jet fuel.  (Note:  Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum 
consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a–3.8c.  Other measurements of 
consumption by fuel type or sector may differ.  For example, jet fuel product supplied may not equal jet fuel consumed 
by U.S.‐flagged aircraft.)       

Lubricants
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for lubricants are from Table 3.7c, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the lubricants heat content factor in Table A1. 

Motor Gasoline
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7c, and are 
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the motor gasoline heat content factors in Table A3. 

Petroleum Coke
1949–2003:  Electric power sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table 
3.7c, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the total petroleum coke heat content factor in Table A1.  

2004 forward:  Electric power sector consumption data in thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table 
3.7c, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the marketable petroleum coke heat content factor in Table A1. 

Renewable Fuels Excluding Fuel Ethanol

Beginning in 2021, transportation sector data in thousand barrels per day for “Renewable Fuels Excluding Fuel Ethanol” 
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying the fuel types (biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, and other biofuels) by the 
appropriate heat content factors in Table A1. 

Residual Fuel Oil

Transportation and electric power consumption data in thousand barrels per day for residual fuel oil are from Table 3.7c, 
and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the residual fuel oil heat content factor in Table A1. 

Total Petroleum
Transportation sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products 
shown under "Transportation Sector" in Table 3.8c.  Electric power sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the 
data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under "Electric Power Sector" in Table 3.8c. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  97 
 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

 
 

 
 

4. Natural
Gas
Figure 4.1  Natural Gas 
                           (Trillion Cubic Feet) 
 

Overview, 1949–2020
40

30
Consumption

20
Dry Production

10
Net Imports

-10
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Consumption by Sector, 1949–2020

14

12

10

Industrial
8
Electric Power

6
Residential

Commercial
2
Transportation

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Overview, Monthly Consumption by Sector, Monthly

4 1.5
Electric Power

Dry Production
3 1.2

2 0.9
Consumption

Industrial
1 0.6

Residential
0 0.3
Commercial
Net Imports Transportation

-1 0.0
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
 

Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas.   
Sources:  Tables 4.1 and 4.3. 

100  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 4.1 Natural Gas Overview
(Billion Cubic Feet)
Supple- Trade Net
Gross Marketed mental Storage
With- Production NGPL Dry Gas Gaseous Net With- Balancing Consump-
drawalsa (Wet)b Productionc Productiond Fuelse Imports Exports Imports drawalsf Itemg tionh

1950 Total .................... 8,480 i 6,282 260 i 6,022 NA 0 26 -26 -54 -175 5,767
1955 Total .................... 11,720 i 9,405 377 i 9,029 NA 11 31 -20 -68 -247 8,694
1960 Total .................... 15,088 i 12,771 543 i 12,228 NA 156 11 144 -132 -274 11,967
1965 Total .................... 17,963 i 16,040 753 i 15,286 NA 456 26 430 -118 -319 15,280
1970 Total .................... 23,786 i 21,921 906 i 21,014 NA 821 70 751 -398 -228 21,139
1975 Total .................... 21,104 i 20,109 872 i 19,236 NA 953 73 880 -344 -235 19,538
1980 Total .................... 21,870 20,180 777 19,403 155 985 49 936 23 -640 19,877
1985 Total .................... 19,607 17,270 816 16,454 126 950 55 894 235 -428 17,281
1990 Total .................... 21,523 18,594 784 17,810 123 1,532 86 1,447 -513 307 j 19,174
1995 Total .................... 23,744 19,506 908 18,599 110 2,841 154 2,687 415 396 22,207
2000 Total .................... 24,174 20,198 1,016 19,182 90 3,782 244 3,538 829 -306 23,333
2005 Total .................... 23,457 18,927 876 18,051 64 4,341 729 3,612 52 236 22,014
2006 Total .................... 23,535 19,410 906 18,504 66 4,186 724 3,462 -436 103 21,699
2007 Total .................... 24,664 20,196 930 19,266 63 4,608 822 3,785 192 -203 23,104
2008 Total .................... 25,636 21,112 953 20,159 61 3,984 963 3,021 34 2 23,277
2009 Total .................... 26,057 21,648 1,024 20,624 65 3,751 1,072 2,679 -355 -103 22,910
2010 Total .................... 26,816 22,382 1,066 21,316 65 3,741 1,137 2,604 -13 115 24,087
2011 Total .................... 28,479 24,036 1,134 22,902 60 3,469 1,506 1,963 -354 -94 24,477
2012 Total .................... 29,542 25,283 1,250 24,033 61 3,138 1,619 1,519 -9 -66 25,538
2013 Total .................... 29,523 25,562 1,357 24,206 55 2,883 1,572 1,311 546 38 26,155
2014 Total .................... 31,405 27,498 1,608 25,890 60 2,695 1,514 1,181 -254 -283 26,593
2015 Total .................... 32,915 28,772 1,707 27,065 59 2,718 1,784 935 -547 -268 27,244
2016 Total .................... 32,592 28,400 1,808 26,592 57 3,006 2,335 671 340 -216 27,444
2017 Total .................... 33,292 29,204 1,897 27,306 66 3,033 3,154 -121 254 -360 27,146
2018 Total .................... 37,326 33,009 2,235 30,774 69 2,889 3,608 -719 314 -299 30,140

2019 January ................ 3,377 2,975 208 2,767 5 291 365 -74 722 4 3,424
February .............. 3,057 2,705 189 2,516 5 233 330 -97 580 16 3,019
March ................... 3,383 3,009 210 2,798 5 253 374 -121 253 -8 2,928
April ..................... 3,315 2,926 205 2,721 5 207 338 -132 -389 7 2,212
May ...................... 3,424 3,046 213 2,833 5 208 369 -161 -480 -63 2,134
June ..................... 3,300 2,956 207 2,750 5 201 360 -159 -439 -37 2,119
July ...................... 3,396 3,072 215 2,857 5 230 393 -163 -260 -45 2,394
August ................. 3,448 3,146 220 2,926 5 220 385 -165 -292 -40 2,434
September ........... 3,397 3,057 214 2,843 5 208 395 -186 -427 -28 2,206
October ................ 3,552 3,186 223 2,963 5 211 426 -215 -353 -94 2,307
November ............ 3,509 3,134 219 2,915 5 224 442 -218 156 -74 2,784
December ............ 3,623 3,235 226 3,009 5 256 482 -226 428 -45 3,171
Total .................... 40,780 36,447 2,548 33,899 61 2,742 4,658 -1,916 -503 -408 31,132
2020 January ................ 3,597 3,194 240 2,954 6 262 510 -248 581 8 3,300
February .............. 3,363 2,985 224 2,761 5 238 454 -216 545 -53 3,041
March ................... 3,582 3,196 240 2,956 6 213 497 -284 53 -24 2,707
April ..................... 3,374 3,012 226 2,786 5 190 421 -231 -311 -8 2,241
May ...................... 3,285 2,927 220 2,707 5 187 395 -209 -454 18 2,067
June ..................... 3,217 2,873 216 2,657 5 187 338 -151 -363 -18 2,131
July ...................... 3,374 3,021 227 2,795 5 210 349 -139 -165 -7 2,489
August ................. 3,350 3,012 226 2,786 5 211 359 -148 -232 -9 2,401
September ........... 3,265 2,918 219 2,699 5 174 395 -221 -329 18 2,172
October ................ 3,364 2,992 225 2,767 5 199 482 -282 -96 -74 2,320
November ............ 3,352 2,985 224 2,761 5 212 528 -316 -6 -8 2,435
December ............ 3,490 3,089 232 2,857 5 267 553 -287 597 -5 3,168
Total .................... 40,614 36,202 2,717 33,485 63 2,551 5,284 -2,732 -180 -164 30,472
2021 January ................ E 3,506 RE 3,110 232 RE 2,878 5 284 564 -279 707 R -25 3,286
February .............. E 2,924 RE 2,586 R 171 RE 2,416 6 272 424 -152 781 R -8 R 3,043
March ................... E 3,482 RE 3,092 R 230 RE 2,862 5 239 595 -357 59 R 38 R 2,608
April ..................... E 3,409 RE 3,036 R 238 RE 2,798 5 208 564 -356 -174 R -35 R 2,238
May ...................... E 3,510 RE 3,130 245 RE 2,885 3 205 578 -373 -416 R -4 2,094
June ..................... RE 3,391 RE 3,036 238 RE 2,798 5 208 539 -331 -248 R -9 2,214
July ...................... RE 3,498 RE 3,158 245 RE 2,913 5 228 566 -338 -170 R -28 R 2,383
August ................. E 3,557 E 3,199 251 E 2,948 4 221 563 -342 -162 -42 2,407
8-Month Total ..... E 27,277 E 24,347 1,849 E 22,498 39 1,864 4,393 -2,529 378 -113 20,273
2020 8-Month Total ..... 27,143 24,220 1,818 22,402 42 1,699 3,325 -1,626 -346 -94 20,378
2019 8-Month Total ..... 26,700 23,836 1,666 22,169 40 1,843 2,914 -1,071 -307 -166 20,665

a Gases withdrawn from natural gas, crude oil, coalbed, and shale gas wells. producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on
Includes natural gas, natural gas plant liquids, and nonhydrocarbon gases; but Table 4.3. See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989–1992," at end of section.
excludes lease condensate. R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
b Gross withdrawals minus repressuring, nonhydrocarbon gases removed, and Notes: • See Note 8, "Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 1993–2000," at end of
vented and flared. See Note 1, "Natural Gas Production," at end of section. section. • Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65 psia
c Natural gas plant liquids (NGPL) production, gaseous equivalent. This data (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60° Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
series was previously called "Extraction Loss." See Note 2, "Natural Gas Plant pressure base is 14.73 psia at 60° Fahrenheit. • Totals may not equal sum of
Liquids Production," at end of section. components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states
d Marketed production (wet) minus NGPL production. and the District of Columbia (except Alaska, for which underground storage is
e See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. excluded from "Net Storage Withdrawals" through 2012).
f Net withdrawals from underground storage. For 1980–2017, also includes net Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
withdrawals of liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. See Note 4, "Natural and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
Gas Storage," at end of section. beginning in 1973.
g See Note 5, "Natural Gas Balancing Item," at end of section. Beginning in Sources: • Imports and Exports: Tables 4.2a and 4.2b. • Consumption:
1980, excludes transit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural Table 4.3. • Balancing Item: Calculated as consumption minus dry gas
gas delivered to its destination via the other country). production, supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net storage withdrawals.
h See Note 6, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. • All Other Data: 1949–2020—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
i Through 1979, may include unknown quantities of nonhydrocarbon gases. Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 2021 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly,
j For 1989–1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power October 2021, Table 1.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  101 
Table 4.2a Natural Gas Imports by Country
(Billion Cubic Feet)
Trinidad United
Austr- and Arab
Algeriaa aliaa Canadab Egypta Mexicob Nigeriaa Norwaya Omana Qatara Tobago Emiratesa Yemena
a Othera Total

1950 Total .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1955 Total .................... 0 0 11 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1960 Total .................... 0 0 109 0 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156
1965 Total .................... 0 0 405 0 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 456
1970 Total .................... 1 0 779 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 821
1975 Total .................... 5 0 948 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 953
1980 Total .................... 86 0 797 0 102 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 985
1985 Total .................... 24 0 926 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 950
1990 Total .................... 84 0 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,532
1995 Total .................... 18 0 2,816 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,841
2000 Total .................... 47 6 3,544 0 12 13 0 10 46 99 3 0 21 3,782
2005 Total .................... 97 0 3,700 73 9 8 0 2 3 439 0 0 11 4,341
2006 Total .................... 17 0 3,590 120 13 57 0 0 0 389 0 0 0 4,186
2007 Total .................... 77 0 3,783 115 54 95 0 0 18 448 0 0 18 4,608
2008 Total .................... 0 0 3,589 55 43 12 15 0 3 267 0 0 15 3,984
2009 Total .................... 0 0 3,271 160 28 13 29 0 13 236 0 0 29 3,751
2010 Total .................... 0 0 3,280 73 30 42 26 0 46 190 0 39 81 3,741
2011 Total .................... 0 0 3,117 35 3 2 15 0 91 129 0 60 92 3,469
2012 Total .................... 0 0 2,963 3 (s) 0 6 0 34 112 0 20 26 3,138
2013 Total .................... 0 0 2,786 0 1 3 6 0 7 70 0 11 0 2,883
2014 Total .................... 0 0 2,635 0 1 0 6 0 0 43 0 8 3 2,695
2015 Total .................... 0 0 2,626 0 1 0 12 0 0 71 0 7 0 2,718
2016 Total .................... 0 0 2,918 0 1 0 3 0 0 84 0 0 0 3,006
2017 Total .................... 0 0 2,955 0 1 6 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 3,033
2018 Total .................... 0 0 2,811 0 3 3 0 0 0 66 0 0 6 2,889

2019 January ................ 0 0 276 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 3 291

February .............. 0 0 226 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 233
March ................... 0 0 249 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 253
April ..................... 0 0 204 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 207
May ...................... 0 0 208 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 208
June ..................... 0 0 201 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 201
July ...................... 0 0 228 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 230
August ................. 0 0 217 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 220
September ........... 0 0 208 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 208
October ................ 0 0 205 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 211
November ............ 0 0 221 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 224
December ............ 0 0 245 0 1 3 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 256
Total .................... 0 0 2,687 0 2 3 0 0 0 47 0 0 3 2,742

2020 January ................ 0 0 249 0 (s) 2 3 0 0 9 0 0 0 262

February .............. 0 0 232 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 238
March ................... 0 0 210 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 (s) 213
April ..................... 0 0 187 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 190
May ...................... 0 0 184 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 187
June ..................... 0 0 183 0 (s) 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 187
July ...................... 0 0 206 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 210
August ................. 0 0 208 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 211
September ........... 0 0 173 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 174
October ................ 0 0 199 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 199
November ............ 0 0 209 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 (s) 212
December ............ 0 0 261 0 (s) 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 (s) 267
Total .................... 0 0 2,500 0 2 7 3 0 0 39 0 0 0 2,551

2021 January ................ 0 0 278 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 284

February .............. 0 0 265 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 272
March ................... 0 0 237 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 239
April ..................... 0 0 208 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 208
May ...................... 0 0 203 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 205
June ..................... 0 0 208 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 208
July ...................... 0 0 226 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 228
August ................. 0 0 221 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 221
8-Month Total ..... 0 0 1,846 0 1 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 1,864
2020 8-Month Total ..... 0 0 1,658 0 1 4 3 0 0 32 0 0 0 1,699
2019 8-Month Total ..... 0 0 1,809 0 1 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 3 1,843

a As liquefied natural gas. of Columbia.

b By pipeline, except for small amounts of: liquefied natural gas (LNG) imported Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
from Canada in 1973, 1977, 1981, and 2013 forward; and compressed natural gas and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
(CNG) imported from Canada in 2014 forward; See Note 9, "Natural Gas Imports beginning in 1973.
and Exports," at end of section. Sources: • 1949–1954: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates
(s)=Less than 500 million cubic feet. based on Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter.
Notes: • See Note 9, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end of section. • 1955–1971: Federal Power Commission data. • 1972–1987: EIA, Form
• Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65 psia (pounds FPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas."
per square inch absolute) at 60° Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the pressure base • 1988–2020: EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. • 2021 forward: EIA,
is 14.73 psia at 60° Fahrenheit. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to Natural Gas Monthly, October 2021, Table 4; and U.S. Department of Energy,
independent rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District Office of Fossil Energy, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports."
 
 

102  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 4.2b Natural Gas Exports by Country
(Billion Cubic Feet)

South United
Brazila Canadab Chilea Chinaa Francea Indiaa Japana Mexicob Koreaa Spaina Turkeya Kingdoma Othera Total

1950 Total .................... 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 26

1955 Total .................... 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 31
1960 Total .................... 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 11
1965 Total .................... 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 26
1970 Total .................... 0 11 0 0 0 0 44 15 0 0 0 0 0 70
1975 Total .................... 0 10 0 0 0 0 53 9 0 0 0 0 0 73
1980 Total .................... 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 45 4 0 0 0 0 0 49
1985 Total .................... 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 53 2 0 0 0 0 0 55
1990 Total .................... 0 17 0 0 0 0 53 16 0 0 0 0 0 86
1995 Total .................... 0 28 0 0 0 0 65 61 0 0 0 0 0 154
2000 Total .................... 0 73 0 0 0 0 66 106 0 0 0 0 0 244
2005 Total .................... 0 358 0 0 0 0 65 305 0 0 0 0 0 729
2006 Total .................... 0 341 0 0 0 0 61 322 0 0 0 0 0 724
2007 Total .................... 0 482 0 0 0 0 47 292 0 0 0 0 2 822
2008 Total .................... 0 559 0 0 0 0 39 365 0 0 0 0 0 963
2009 Total .................... 0 701 0 0 0 0 31 338 3 0 0 0 3 1,072
2010 Total .................... 3 739 0 0 0 3 33 333 12 4 0 10 32 1,137
2011 Total .................... 11 937 3 7 0 13 18 499 9 6 0 3 52 1,506
2012 Total .................... 8 971 0 0 0 3 14 620 0 0 0 0 14 1,619
2013 Total .................... 0 911 0 0 0 0 0 661 0 0 0 0 0 1,572
2014 Total .................... 3 770 0 0 0 0 13 729 0 0 0 0 0 1,514
2015 Total .................... 6 701 0 0 0 0 8 1,054 0 0 3 0 11 1,784
2016 Total .................... 11 771 29 17 0 17 11 1,405 10 3 9 0 51 2,335
2017 Total .................... 18 917 26 103 0 21 53 1,671 130 29 25 3 157 3,154
2018 Total .................... 36 836 41 90 18 58 126 1,871 252 10 23 51 194 3,608

2019 January ................ 0 87 0 3 7 7 17 165 17 7 10 10 34 365

February .............. 3 92 3 3 0 7 10 142 18 7 6 4 35 330
March ................... 3 93 10 0 21 7 7 157 18 11 0 4 43 374
April ..................... 1 71 9 0 17 7 14 150 13 10 3 0 42 338
May ...................... 5 70 6 0 7 14 7 174 18 14 0 0 53 369
June ..................... 9 62 19 0 0 3 15 173 20 14 0 0 45 360
July ...................... 7 69 9 0 0 3 21 192 33 3 0 0 56 393
August ................. 13 78 6 0 3 7 18 182 17 16 0 1 43 385
September ........... 6 72 10 0 7 14 28 173 11 38 0 3 33 395
October ................ 3 76 7 0 14 7 25 178 42 14 4 26 30 426
November ............ 3 93 3 0 27 7 18 162 25 20 7 40 37 442
December ............ 0 110 7 0 15 7 21 161 38 14 1 30 78 482
Total .................... 54 973 90 7 118 91 201 2,010 270 167 31 119 527 4,658

2020 January ................ 8 99 6 0 7 3 32 168 45 24 33 30 55 510

February .............. 10 77 11 0 21 0 21 154 11 20 24 29 75 454
March ................... 7 87 3 18 23 17 22 174 28 24 6 20 68 497
April ..................... 0 72 14 21 16 17 18 139 24 23 14 0 63 421
May ...................... 0 68 11 15 10 11 14 145 21 29 7 0 66 395
June ..................... 0 67 3 0 0 10 22 163 28 10 0 0 36 338
July ...................... 0 72 2 10 0 7 11 181 10 14 3 3 36 349
August ................. 4 61 7 14 0 10 23 190 14 3 0 0 34 359
September ........... 0 62 3 11 0 11 7 185 32 15 4 4 61 395
October ................ 23 73 7 35 7 18 32 193 14 14 0 17 49 482
November ............ 30 81 3 45 3 10 33 169 49 10 13 27 54 528
December ............ 30 84 10 46 4 10 54 165 40 14 20 30 47 553
Total .................... 112 903 81 214 90 124 288 2,026 317 200 124 160 644 5,284

2021 January ................ 21 85 10 39 4 20 64 173 56 7 27 21 36 564

February .............. 13 78 7 3 15 14 18 151 18 4 21 34 48 424
March ................... 22 91 21 28 34 17 28 183 32 14 4 17 103 595
April ..................... 12 75 10 47 36 14 29 183 22 23 0 14 101 564
May ...................... 20 71 18 38 12 28 25 193 46 5 3 11 110 578
June ..................... 32 70 0 42 4 17 40 198 56 8 0 0 73 539
July ...................... 40 68 20 42 0 13 25 198 39 9 6 0 106 566
August ................. 34 72 16 52 7 21 20 193 50 23 0 0 75 563
8-Month Total ..... 194 609 102 292 111 144 249 1,473 319 93 60 98 652 4,393
2020 8-Month Total ..... 29 602 57 77 76 76 163 1,313 181 147 87 82 433 3,325
2019 8-Month Total ..... 42 622 63 7 55 56 110 1,335 154 81 19 19 350 2,914

a As liquefied natural gas. the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

b By pipeline, except for small amounts of: liquefied natural gas (LNG) exported Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
to Canada in 2007 and 2012 forward; compressed natural gas (CNG) exported to and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
Canada in 2013 forward; and LNG exported to Mexico beginning in 1998. See Note beginning in 1973.
9, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end of section. Sources: • 1949–1954: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates
(s)=Less than 500 million cubic feet. based on Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter.
Notes: • Exports include re-exports. • See Note 9, "Natural Gas Imports and • 1955–1971: Federal Power Commission data. • 1972–1987: EIA, Form
Exports," at end of section. • Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure FPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas."
base of 14.65 psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60° Fahrenheit; beginning • 1988–2020: EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. • 2021 forward: EIA,
in 1965, the pressure base is 14.73 psia at 60° Fahrenheit. • Totals may not equal Natural Gas Monthly, October 2021, Table 5; and U.S. Department of Energy,
sum of components due to independent rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is Office of Fossil Energy, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports."
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  103 
Table 4.3 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector
(Billion Cubic Feet)
End-Use Sectors
Industrial Transportation

Other Industrial Pipelinesd Electric

Resi- Com- Lease and and Dis- Vehicle Power
dential merciala Plant Fuel CHPb Non-CHPc Total Total tributione Fuel Total Sectorf,g Total

1950 Total .................... 1,198 388 928 (h) 2,498 2,498 3,426 126 NA 126 629 5,767
1955 Total .................... 2,124 629 1,131 (h) 3,411 3,411 4,542 245 NA 245 1,153 8,694
1960 Total .................... 3,103 1,020 1,237 (h) 4,535 4,535 5,771 347 NA 347 1,725 11,967
1965 Total .................... 3,903 1,444 1,156 (h) 5,955 5,955 7,112 501 NA 501 2,321 15,280
1970 Total .................... 4,837 2,399 1,399 (h) 7,851 7,851 9,249 722 NA 722 3,932 21,139
1975 Total .................... 4,924 2,508 1,396 (h) 6,968 6,968 8,365 583 NA 583 3,158 19,538
1980 Total .................... 4,752 2,611 1,026 (h) 7,172 7,172 8,198 635 NA 635 3,682 19,877
1985 Total .................... 4,433 2,432 966 (h) 5,901 5,901 6,867 504 NA 504 3,044 17,281
1990 Total .................... 4,391 2,623 1,236 1,055 i 5,963 i 7,018 8,255 660 (s) 660 i 3,245 i 19,174
1995 Total .................... 4,850 3,031 1,220 1,258 6,906 8,164 9,384 700 5 705 4,237 22,207
2000 Total .................... 4,996 3,182 1,151 1,386 6,757 8,142 9,293 642 13 655 5,206 23,333
2005 Total .................... 4,827 2,999 1,112 1,084 5,518 6,601 7,713 584 23 607 5,869 22,014
2006 Total .................... 4,368 2,832 1,142 1,115 5,412 6,527 7,669 584 24 608 6,222 21,699
2007 Total .................... 4,722 3,013 1,226 1,050 5,604 6,655 7,881 621 25 646 6,841 23,104
2008 Total .................... 4,892 3,153 1,220 955 5,715 6,670 7,890 648 26 674 6,668 23,277
2009 Total .................... 4,779 3,119 1,275 990 5,178 6,167 7,443 670 27 697 6,873 22,910
2010 Total .................... 4,782 3,103 1,286 1,029 5,797 6,826 8,112 674 29 703 7,387 24,087
2011 Total .................... 4,714 3,155 1,323 1,063 5,931 6,994 8,317 688 30 718 7,574 24,477
2012 Total .................... 4,150 2,895 1,396 1,149 6,077 7,226 8,622 731 30 761 9,111 25,538
2013 Total .................... 4,897 3,295 1,483 1,170 6,255 7,425 8,909 833 30 863 8,191 26,155
2014 Total .................... 5,087 3,466 1,512 1,145 6,501 7,646 9,158 700 35 735 8,146 26,593
2015 Total .................... 4,613 3,202 1,576 1,222 6,300 7,522 9,098 678 39 718 9,613 27,244
2016 Total .................... 4,347 3,110 1,545 1,209 6,519 7,729 9,274 687 42 729 9,985 27,444
2017 Total .................... 4,412 3,164 1,584 1,257 6,693 7,949 9,533 722 48 770 9,266 27,146
2018 Total .................... 4,998 3,514 1,694 1,314 7,103 8,417 10,112 877 50 927 10,590 30,140
2019 January ................ 954 554 149 121 679 801 949 114 5 118 849 3,424
February .............. 809 472 135 108 611 719 854 100 4 104 779 3,019
March ................... 689 424 150 113 637 750 901 96 5 101 814 2,928
April ..................... 329 247 146 105 571 675 821 72 4 76 740 2,212
May ...................... 212 185 152 111 564 675 827 69 5 73 836 2,134
June ..................... 129 145 148 111 523 634 782 68 4 73 991 2,119
July ...................... 112 142 154 118 531 650 803 78 5 82 1,255 2,394
August ................. 102 141 157 120 553 672 830 79 5 84 1,278 2,434
September ........... 110 143 153 114 530 644 797 71 4 76 1,081 2,206
October ................ 232 216 159 114 569 684 843 75 5 79 937 2,307
November ............ 589 389 157 117 618 735 891 91 4 96 819 2,784
December ............ 753 457 162 122 657 779 941 105 5 109 912 3,171
Total .................... 5,019 3,515 1,823 1,374 7,042 8,417 10,240 1,018 53 1,071 11,288 31,132
2020 January ................ 825 491 159 125 654 779 938 110 4 114 931 3,300
February .............. 737 448 149 114 610 724 873 102 4 106 879 3,041
March ................... 527 339 159 115 594 710 869 90 4 94 879 2,707
April ..................... 378 238 150 107 526 633 783 73 4 77 764 2,241
May ...................... 237 163 146 108 508 616 762 67 4 72 834 2,067
June ..................... 136 132 143 110 490 600 743 70 4 74 1,046 2,131
July ...................... 118 129 151 116 517 633 784 82 4 86 1,372 2,489
August ................. 109 131 150 116 532 648 798 79 4 83 1,280 2,401
September ........... 127 144 145 107 536 643 789 71 4 75 1,038 2,172
October ................ 242 209 149 112 573 686 835 76 4 80 954 2,320
November ............ 440 294 149 111 590 701 850 80 4 84 767 2,435
December ............ 800 454 154 125 653 778 932 106 4 110 873 3,168
Total .................... 4,674 3,170 1,805 1,367 6,784 8,151 9,955 1,007 49 1,056 11,616 30,472
2021 January ................ 877 492 E 155 123 660 783 R 938 E 109 RE 5 E 113 866 3,286
February .............. 866 492 RE 129 99 565 664 793 E 101 E4 E 105 788 R 3,043
March ................... 568 355 E 154 108 588 696 850 E 86 RE 5 E 91 744 R 2,608
April ..................... 338 244 E 151 104 568 672 823 E 74 E4 E 78 754 R 2,238
May ...................... 217 182 RE 156 106 544 651 R 807 E 69 RE 5 E 74 816 2,094
June ..................... 128 142 E 151 110 524 633 R 785 E 73 E4 E 78 1,082 2,214
July ...................... 112 142 E 157 117 541 657 R 815 E 79 E5 E 83 1,231 R 2,383
August ................. 105 140 E 159 115 547 662 821 E 80 E5 E 84 1,256 2,407
8-Month Total ..... 3,211 2,188 E 1,214 882 4,537 5,418 6,632 E 670 E 35 E 705 7,537 20,273
2020 8-Month Total ..... 3,066 2,070 1,207 911 4,432 5,343 6,551 673 33 706 7,984 20,378
2019 8-Month Total ..... 3,335 2,310 1,192 907 4,669 5,576 6,768 676 35 712 7,540 20,665

a All commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Table Section 7. • Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65
7.4c for CHP fuel use. psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60° Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial pressure base is 14.73 psia at 60° Fahrenheit. • Totals may not equal sum of
electricity-only plants. components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states
c All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and and the District of Columbia.
"CHP." Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
d Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
Beginning in 2009, includes line loss, which is known volumes of natural gas that beginning in 1973.
are the result of leaks, damage, accidents, migration, and/or blow down. Sources: • Residential, Commercial, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other Industrial
e Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers. Total and Pipelines and Distribution: 1949–2020—U.S. Energy Information
Beginning in 2009, includes line loss, which is known volumes of natural gas that Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished
are the result of leaks, damage, accidents, migration, and/or blow down. revisions. 2021 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), October 2021, Table
f The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and 2. • Other Industrial CHP: Table 7.4c. • Other Industrial Non-CHP:
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose Calculated as other industrial total minus other industrial CHP. • Industrial Total:
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Calculated as lease and plant fuel plus other industrial total. • Vehicle Fuel: 1990
g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are and 1991—EIA, NGA 2000, (November 2001), Table 95. 1992–1998—EIA,
for electric utilities and independent power producers. "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10,
h Included in "Non-CHP." and "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003" (February 2004), Table
i For 1989–1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power 10. Data for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas in
producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." gasoline-equivalent gallons were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor
See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989–1992," at end of section. gasoline conversion factor (see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas end-use
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 million cubic sectors conversion factor (see Table A4). 1999–2020—EIA, NGA, annual reports.
feet. 2021 forward—EIA, NGM, October 2021, Table 2. • Transportation Total:
Notes: • Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous Calculated as pipelines and distribution plus vehicle fuel. • Electric Power
fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. Sector: Table 7.4b. • Total Consumption: Calculated as the sum of residential,
• See Note 8, "Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 1993–2000," at end of section. commercial, industrial total, transportation total, and electric power sector.
 

104  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 4.4 Natural Gas in Underground Storage
(Volumes in Billion Cubic Feet)
Natural Gas in Change in Working Gas
Underground Storage, From Same Period
End of Period Previous Year Storage Activity

Base Gas Working Gas Totala Volume Percent Withdrawals Injections Netb,c

1950 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA 175 230 -54

1955 Total .................... 863 505 1,368 40 8.7 437 505 -68
1960 Total .................... NA NA 2,184 NA NA 713 844 -132
1965 Total .................... 1,848 1,242 3,090 83 7.2 960 1,078 -118
1970 Total .................... 2,326 1,678 4,004 257 18.1 1,459 1,857 -398
1975 Total .................... 3,162 2,212 5,374 162 7.9 1,760 2,104 -344
1980 Total .................... 3,642 2,655 6,297 -99 -3.6 1,910 1,896 14
1985 Total .................... 3,842 2,607 6,448 -270 -9.4 2,359 2,128 231
1990 Total .................... 3,868 3,068 6,936 555 22.1 1,934 2,433 -499
1995 Total .................... 4,349 2,153 6,503 -453 -17.4 2,974 2,566 408
2000 Total .................... 4,352 1,719 6,071 -806 -31.9 3,498 2,684 814
2005 Total .................... 4,200 2,635 6,835 -61 -2.3 3,057 3,002 55
2006 Total .................... 4,211 3,070 7,281 435 16.5 2,493 2,924 -431
2007 Total .................... 4,234 2,879 7,113 -191 -6.2 3,325 3,133 192
2008 Total .................... 4,232 2,840 7,073 -39 -1.4 3,374 3,340 34
2009 Total .................... 4,277 3,130 7,407 290 10.2 2,966 3,315 -349
2010 Total .................... 4,301 3,111 7,412 -19 -.6 3,274 3,291 -17
2011 Total .................... 4,302 3,462 7,764 351 11.3 3,074 3,422 -348
2012 Total .................... 4,372 3,413 7,785 -49 -1.4 2,818 2,825 -7
2013 Total .................... 4,365 2,890 7,255 -523 -15.3 3,702 3,156 546
2014 Total .................... 4,365 3,141 7,506 251 8.7 3,586 3,839 -253
2015 Total .................... 4,372 3,667 8,038 525 16.7 3,100 3,638 -539
2016 Total .................... 4,380 3,297 7,677 -370 -10.1 3,325 2,977 348
2017 Total .................... 4,360 3,033 7,392 -264 -8.0 3,590 3,337 254
2018 Total .................... 4,361 2,708 7,069 -324 -10.7 3,999 3,676 324
2019 January ................ 4,366 1,994 6,360 -147 -6.8 804 95 709
February .............. 4,366 1,426 5,792 -246 -14.7 672 104 568
March ................... 4,361 1,185 5,545 -205 -14.8 435 190 245
April ..................... 4,367 1,559 5,927 133 9.3 104 486 -382
May ...................... 4,372 2,031 6,403 184 9.9 85 557 -472
June ..................... 4,375 2,461 6,835 266 12.1 92 523 -431
July ...................... 4,374 2,714 7,089 333 14.0 162 416 -254
August ................. 4,377 2,998 7,374 381 14.6 168 453 -286
September ........... 4,378 3,415 7,793 465 15.7 109 529 -419
October ................ 4,379 3,762 8,141 526 16.2 116 461 -346
November ............ 4,380 3,610 7,990 580 19.1 351 201 150
December ............ 4,380 3,188 7,568 480 17.7 556 138 418
Total .................... 4,380 3,188 7,568 480 17.7 3,653 4,153 -500

2020 January ................ 4,380 2,616 6,997 622 31.2 665 94 571
February .............. 4,379 2,081 6,460 655 45.9 634 99 536
March ................... 4,379 2,029 6,409 844 71.3 285 236 49
April ..................... 4,384 2,332 6,716 773 49.6 131 437 -306
May ...................... 4,387 2,778 7,164 747 36.8 74 522 -448
June ..................... 4,389 3,133 7,523 672 27.3 85 443 -358
July ...................... 4,390 3,294 7,684 579 21.3 151 312 -161
August ................. 4,390 3,522 7,912 524 17.5 174 401 -227
September ........... 4,389 3,840 8,229 425 12.4 126 450 -323
October ................ 4,393 3,929 8,321 166 4.4 191 283 -92
November ............ 4,394 3,932 8,325 322 8.9 214 218 -4
December ............ 4,394 3,341 7,735 153 4.8 681 94 587
Total .................... 4,394 3,341 7,735 153 4.8 3,412 3,590 -178

2021 January ................ 4,394 2,635 7,029 19 .7 783 76 707

February .............. 4,390 1,858 6,248 -223 -10.7 904 122 781
March ................... 4,388 1,801 6,189 -229 -11.3 321 262 59
April ..................... 4,380 1,974 6,354 -358 -15.4 173 347 -174
May ...................... 4,383 2,388 6,771 -390 -14.0 75 491 -416
June ..................... 4,436 2,583 7,019 -550 -17.6 140 388 -248
July ...................... 4,436 2,752 7,188 -541 -16.4 171 341 -170
August ................. 4,436 2,918 7,354 -604 -17.2 183 345 -162
8-Month Total ..... –– –– –– –– –– 2,750 2,373 378

2020 8-Month Total ..... –– –– –– –– –– 2,199 2,545 -345

2019 8-Month Total ..... –– –– –– –– –– 2,521 2,824 -303

a For total underground storage capacity at the end of each calendar year, see beginning in 1973.
Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section. Sources: • Storage Activity: 1949–1975—U.S. Energy Information
b For 1980–2018, data differ from those shown on Table 4.1, which includes Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual 1994, Volume 2, Table 9.
liquefied natural gas storage for that period. 1976–1979—EIA, Natural Gas Production and Consumption 1979, Table 1.
c Positive numbers indicate that withdrawals are greater than injections. 1980–1995—EIA, Historical Natural Gas Annual 1930 Through 2000, Table 11.
Negative numbers indicate that injections are greater than withdrawals. Net 1996–2014—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly issues. 2015
withdrawals or injections may not equal the difference between applicable ending forward—EIA, NGM, January 2021, Table 8. • All Other Data:
stocks. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section. 1954–1974—American Gas Association, Gas Facts, annual issues. 1975 and
– – =Not applicable. NA=Not available. 1976—Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-G318-M-0, "Underground
Notes: • Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65 Gas Storage Report," and Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-8,
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60° Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the "Underground Gas Storage Report." 1977 and 1978—EIA, Form FEA-G318-M-0,
pressure base is 14.73 psia at 60° Fahrenheit. • Totals may not equal sum of "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states (FERC), Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." 1979–1995—EIA,
and the District of Columbia (except Alaska, which is excluded through 2012). Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and FERC, Form FERC-8,
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel "Underground Gas Storage Report." 1996–2020—EIA, NGA, annual reports.
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data 2021 forward—EIA, NGM, October 2021, Table 8.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  105 
Natural Gas
Note 1.  Natural Gas Production.  Final annual data are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Natural 
Gas Annual (NGA). 

Data for the two most recent months presented are estimated.  Some of the data for earlier months are also estimated 
or computed.  For a discussion of computation and estimation procedures, see EIA's Natural Gas Monthly (NGM). 

Monthly data are considered preliminary until after publication of the NGA.  Preliminary monthly data are gathered 
from reports to the Interstate Oil Compact Commission and the U.S. Minerals Management Service.  Volumetric data are 
converted, as necessary, to a standard pressure base of 14.73 psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60° Fahrenheit.  
Unless there are major changes, data are not revised until after publication of the NGA. 

Differences between annual data in the NGA and the sum of preliminary monthly data (January–December) are 
allocated proportionally to the months to create final monthly data. 

Note 2.   Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production.  Natural gas plant liquids (NGPL) production is the reduction in volume 
of natural gas resulting from the removal of natural gas liquid constituents at natural gas processing plants—these 
natural gas plant liquids are transferred to petroleum supply. 

Annual data are from EIA's Natural Gas Annual (NGA), where they are estimated on the basis of the type and quantity of 
liquid products extracted from the gas stream and the calculated volume of such products at standard conditions.  For a 
detailed explanation of the calculations used to derive estimated NGPL production, see the NGA. 

Through 2006, preliminary monthly data are estimated on the basis of NGPL production as an annual percentage of 
marketed production.  Beginning in 2007, preliminary monthly data are estimated on the basis of NGPL production 
reported on Form EIA‐816, "Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report." 

Monthly data are revised and considered final after publication of the NGA.  Final monthly data are estimated by 
allocating annual NGPL production data to the months on the basis of total natural gas marketed production data from 
the NGA. 

Note 3.  Supplemental Gaseous Fuels.  Supplemental gaseous fuels are any substances that, introduced into or 
commingled with natural gas, increase the volume available for disposition.  Such substances include, but are not limited 
to, propane‐air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, and air or inert gases added for Btu 
stabilization. 

Annual data beginning with 1980 are from EIA's Natural Gas Annual (NGA). Unknown quantities of supplemental 
gaseous fuels are included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.  Monthly data are considered preliminary 
until after publication of the NGA.  Monthly estimates are based on the annual ratio of supplemental gaseous fuels to 
the sum of dry gas production, net imports, and net withdrawals from storage.  The ratio is applied to the monthly sum 
of the three elements to compute a monthly supplemental gaseous fuels figure. 

Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels consumed is known for 1980 forward, the amount consumed 
by each energy‐use sector is estimated by EIA. These estimates are used to create natural gas (without supplemental 
gaseous fuels) data for Tables 1.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.6 (note: to avoid double‐counting in these tables, supplemental 
gaseous fuels are accounted for in their primary energy category: "Coal," "Petroleum," or "Biomass").  It is assumed that 
supplemental gaseous fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial, other industrial, 
and electric power sectors, but are not commingled with natural gas used for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and 
distribution, or vehicle fuel.  The estimated consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each sector (residential, 
commercial, other industrial, and electric power) is calculated as that sector's natural gas consumption (see Table 4.3) 
divided by the sum of natural gas consumption by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power 
sectors (see Table 4.3), and then multiplied by total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 4.1).  For 
estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels in Btu, the residential, commercial, and other industrial 
values in cubic feet are multiplied by the "End‐Use Sectors" conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power 

106  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
values in cubic feet are multiplied by the "Electric Power Sector" conversion factors (see Table A4).  Total supplemental 
gaseous fuels consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of the Btu values for the sectors. 

Note 4.  Natural Gas Storage.  Natural gas in storage at the end of a reporting period may not equal the quantity derived 
by adding or subtracting net injections or withdrawals from the quantity in storage at the end of the previous period. 
Injection and withdrawal data from the FERC‐8/EIA‐191 survey may be adjusted to correspond to data from Form EIA‐
176 for publication of EIA's Natural Gas Annual (NGA). 

Total underground storage capacity, which includes both active and inactive fields, at the end of each calendar year 
since 1975 (first year data were available), in billion cubic feet, was:   

Total underground storage capacity, including active and inactive fields (billion cubic feet) 
Decade  Year‐0  Year‐1  Year‐2  Year‐3  Year‐4  Year‐5  Year‐6  Year‐7  Year‐8  Year‐9 
1970s            6,280  6,544  6,678  6,890  6,929 
1980s  7,434  7,805  7,915  7,985  8,043  8,087  8,145  8,124  8,124  8,120 
1990s  7,794  7,993  7,932  7,989  8,043  7,953  7,980  8,332  8,179  8,229 
2000s  8,241  8,182  8,207  8,206  8,255  8,268  8,330  8,402  8,499  8,656 
2010s  8,764  8,849  8,991  9,173  9,233  9,231  9,239  9,261  9,241  9,231 
2020s  9,259                   
 

Through 1990, monthly underground storage data are collected from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Form 
FERC‐8 (interstate data) and EIA Form EIA‐191 (intrastate data).  Beginning in 1991, all data are collected on the revised 
Form EIA‐191.  Injection and withdrawal data from the EIA‐191 survey may be adjusted to correspond to data from Form 
EIA‐176 following publication of EIA's NGA.  

The final monthly and annual storage and withdrawal data for 1980–2017 include both underground and liquefied 
natural gas (LNG) storage.  Annual data on LNG additions and withdrawals are from Form EIA‐176.  Monthly data are 
estimated by computing the ratio of each month's underground storage additions and withdrawals to annual 
underground storage additions and withdrawals and applying the ratio to the annual LNG data. 

Note 5.  Natural Gas Balancing Item.  The balancing item for natural gas represents the difference between the sum of 
the components of natural gas supply and the sum of components of natural gas disposition.  The differences may be 
due to quantities lost or to the effects of data reporting problems.  Reporting problems include differences due to the 
net result of conversions of flow data metered at varying temperature and pressure bases and converted to a standard 
temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations in company accounting and billing practices; differences 
between billing cycle and calendar period time frames; and imbalances resulting from the merger of data reporting 
systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents. 

Note 6.  Natural Gas Consumption.  Natural gas consumption statistics include data for the following: "Residential 
Sector": residential deliveries; "Commercial Sector": commercial deliveries, including to commercial combined‐heat‐and‐
power (CHP) and commercial electricity‐only plants; "Industrial Sector": lease and plant fuel use, and other industrial 
deliveries, including to industrial CHP and industrial electricity‐only plants also includes the relatively small amount of 
natural gas consumption for non‐combustion use (see Tables 1.11a and 1.11b); "Transportation Sector": pipelines and 
distribution use, and vehicle fuel use; and "Electric Power Sector": electric utility and independent power producer use.  

Final data for series other than "Other Industrial CHP" and "Electric Power Sector" are from EIA's Natural Gas Annual 
(NGA).  Monthly data are considered preliminary until after publication of the NGA.  For more detailed information on 
the methods of estimating preliminary and final monthly data, see EIA's Natural Gas Monthly. 

Note 7.  Natural Gas Consumption, 1989–1992.  Prior to 1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately 
collected from natural gas companies on Form EIA‐176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and 
Disposition."  As a result, for 1989–1992, those volumes are probably included in both the industrial and electric power 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  107 
sectors and double‐counted in total consumption.  In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reported as delivered to 
nonutility generators.  

Note 8.  Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 1993–2000.  For 1993–2000, the original data for natural gas delivered to 
industrial consumers (now "Other Industrial" in Table 4.3) included deliveries to both industrial users and independent 
power producers (IPPs). These data were adjusted to remove the estimated consumption at IPPs from "Other Industrial" 
and include it with electric utilities under "Electric Power Sector." (To estimate the monthly IPP consumption, the 
monthly pattern for Other Industrial CHP in Table 4.3 was used.)  

For 1996–2000, monthly data for several natural gas series shown in EIA's Natural Gas Navigator (see 
http://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_cons_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm) were not reconciled and updated to be consistent with 
the final annual data in EIA's Natural Gas Annual.  In the Monthly Energy Review, monthly data for these series were 
adjusted so that the monthly data sum to the final annual values.  The Table 4.1 data series (and years) that were 
adjusted are: Gross Withdrawals (1996, 1997), Marketed Production (1997), NGPL Production (1997, 1998, and 2000), 
Dry Gas Production (1996, 1997), Supplemental Gaseous Fuels (1997–2000), Balancing Item (1997–2000), and Total 
Consumption (1997–2000). The Table 4.3 data series (and years) that were adjusted are: Lease and Plant Fuel (1997–
2000), Total Industrial (1997–2000), Pipelines and Distribution (2000), Total Transportation (2000), and Total 
Consumption (1997–2000).  

Note 9.  Natural Gas Imports and Exports.  The United States imports natural gas via pipeline from Canada and Mexico; 
and imports liquefied natural gas (LNG) via vessel from other countries. In addition, small amounts of LNG arrived from 
Canada via truck in 1973, 1977, 1981, and 2013 forward. Also, small amounts of compressed natural gas (CNG) were 
imported from Canada in 2014 forward. The United States exports natural gas via pipeline to Canada and Mexico; and 
exports LNG via vessel to other countries. Also, small amounts of LNG have gone to Mexico via truck since 1998 and via 
vessel since 2016, and to Canada via truck in 2007 and 2012 forward. Small amounts of CNG have been exported to 
Canada since 2013. Natural gas exports include re‐exports. 

Annual and final monthly data are from the annual EIA Form EIA‐176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas 
Supply and Disposition,” and FE‐746R, “Import and Export of Natural Gas.” 

Preliminary monthly data are EIA estimates. For a discussion of estimation procedures, see EIA's Natural Gas Monthly. 
Preliminary data are revised after publication of EIA's Natural Gas Annual. 

108  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development
Figure 5.1  Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators 
 

Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, 1949–2020

5

4
Thousand Rigs

Total
2

1
Natural Gas
Crude Oil

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, Monthly Active Well Service Rig Count, Monthly
1.2 1.5

1.0

0.8 1.0
Thousand Rigs

Thousand Rigs

0.6

0.4 0.5
Total

0.2 2019 2020 2021

Crude Oil
Natural Gas
0.0
0.0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
J F MAM J J A S ON D J F MAM J J A S ON D J F MAM J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949–2010

50

40
Natural Gas Wells
Crude Oil Wells
Thousand Wells

30

20

10 Dry Wells

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
 
 
 
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude. 
Sources:  Tables 5.1 and 5.2. 

110  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements
(Number of Rigs)
Rotary Rigs in Operationa
By Site By Type Active
Well Service
Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Natural Gas Totalb Rig Countc

1950 Average ........................ NA NA NA NA 2,154 NA

1955 Average ........................ NA NA NA NA 2,686 NA
1960 Average ........................ NA NA NA NA 1,748 NA
1965 Average ........................ NA NA NA NA 1,388 NA
1970 Average ........................ NA NA NA NA 1,028 NA
1975 Average ........................ 1,554 106 NA NA 1,660 2,486
1980 Average ........................ 2,678 231 NA NA 2,909 4,089
1985 Average ........................ 1,774 206 NA NA 1,980 4,716
1990 Average ........................ 902 108 532 464 1,010 3,658
1995 Average ........................ 622 101 323 385 723 3,041
2000 Average ........................ 778 140 197 720 918 2,692
2005 Average ........................ 1,287 94 194 1,184 1,381 2,222
2006 Average ........................ 1,559 90 274 1,372 1,649 2,364
2007 Average ........................ 1,695 72 297 1,466 1,768 2,388
2008 Average ........................ 1,814 65 379 1,491 1,879 2,515
2009 Average ........................ 1,046 44 278 801 1,089 1,722
2010 Average ........................ 1,514 31 591 943 1,546 1,854
2011 Average ........................ 1,846 32 984 887 1,879 2,075
2012 Average ........................ 1,871 48 1,357 558 1,919 2,113
2013 Average ........................ 1,705 56 1,373 383 1,761 2,064
2014 Average ........................ 1,804 57 1,527 333 1,862 2,024
2015 Average ........................ 943 35 750 226 978 1,481
2016 Average ........................ 486 23 408 100 509 1,061
2017 Average ........................ 856 20 703 172 876 1,187
2018 Average ........................ 1,013 19 841 190 1,032 1,292

2019 January .......................... 1,044 21 866 199 1,065 1,295

February ........................ 1,029 20 853 195 1,048 1,299
March ............................. 1,001 22 830 193 1,023 1,292
April ............................... 990 22 824 189 1,013 1,321
May ................................ 965 21 802 184 986 1,316
June ............................... 945 24 790 179 970 1,297
July ................................ 930 25 782 172 955 1,297
August ........................... 900 26 760 166 926 1,272
September ..................... 852 26 726 152 878 1,221
October .......................... 825 23 708 139 848 1,173
November ...................... 788 22 678 130 810 1,149
December ...................... 781 23 673 128 804 1,108
Average ........................ 920 23 774 169 943 1,253

2020 January .......................... 770 21 671 118 791 1,086

February ........................ 768 23 678 110 790 1,046
March ............................. 752 20 663 106 771 802
April ............................... 548 18 471 93 565 456
May ................................ 335 13 267 79 348 490
June ............................... 262 12 196 76 274 549
July ................................ 243 12 181 72 255 617
August ........................... 237 13 178 70 250 674
September ..................... 242 15 181 73 257 741
October .......................... 266 14 204 73 280 788
November ...................... 298 12 234 74 311 800
December ...................... 326 15 260 80 341 811
Average ........................ 417 15 345 85 433 738

2021 January .......................... 358 16 287 86 374 835

February ........................ 381 17 305 91 397 838
March ............................. 395 13 315 92 408 923
April ............................... 424 12 341 94 436 936
May ................................ 439 14 353 100 453 950
June ............................... 451 13 367 97 464 960
July ................................ 468 16 381 102 483 973
August ........................... 486 15 400 100 501 993
September ..................... 502 6 407 101 508 NA
October .......................... 526 12 439 99 538 NA
10-Month Average ....... 445 13 361 96 458 NA

2020 10-Month Average ....... 439 16 365 87 455 725

2019 10-Month Average ....... 949 23 794 177 972 1,278

a Rotary rigs in operation are reported weekly on Fridays. Monthly data are and working every day of the month.
averages of 4- or 5-week reporting periods. Multi-month data are averages of the NA=Not available.
reported weekly data over the covered months. Annual data are averages of 52- or Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
53-week reporting periods. Published data are rounded to the nearest whole Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude (Excel and
number. CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
b Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not beginning in 1973.
shown) drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, Sources: • Rotary Rigs in Operation: Baker Hughes, Inc.,
and stratigraphic tests. Therefore, "Total" values may not equal the sum of "Crude Houston, TX, "North America Rig Count," used with permission. See
Oil" and "Natural Gas." "Total" values may not equal the sum of "Onshore" and http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=79687&p=irol-reportsother. • Active
"Offshore" due to independent rounding. Well Service Rig Count: Energy Workforce & Technology Council, Houston,
c The number of rigs doing true workovers (where tubing is pulled from the well), TX. See https://energyworkforce.org/news/energy-workforce-technology-council-
or doing rod string and pump repair operations, and that are, on average, crewed rig-count/.
 
 

September 2021 data from the Energy Workforce & Technology 
Council were not available in time for this publication. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  111 
Table 5.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells
Wells Drilled

Exploratory Development Total

Total
Crude Natural Crude Natural Crude Natural Footage
Oil Gas Dry Total Oil Gas Dry Total Oil Gas Dry Total Drilled

Thousand
Number Feet

1950 Total .................... 1,583 431 8,292 10,306 22,229 3,008 6,507 31,744 23,812 3,439 14,799 42,050 157,358
1955 Total .................... 2,236 874 11,832 14,942 28,196 3,392 8,620 40,208 30,432 4,266 20,452 55,150 226,182
1960 Total .................... 1,321 868 9,515 11,704 20,937 4,281 8,697 33,915 22,258 5,149 18,212 45,619 192,176
1965 Total .................... 946 515 8,005 9,466 17,119 3,967 8,221 29,307 18,065 4,482 16,226 38,773 174,882
1970 Total .................... 757 477 6,162 7,396 12,211 3,534 4,869 20,614 12,968 4,011 11,031 28,010 138,556
1975 Total .................... 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 180,494
1980 Total .................... 1,777 2,099 9,081 12,957 31,182 15,362 11,704 58,248 32,959 17,461 20,785 71,205 316,943
1985 Total .................... 1,680 1,200 8,954 11,834 33,581 13,124 12,257 58,962 35,261 14,324 21,211 70,796 314,409
1990 Total .................... 778 811 3,652 5,241 12,061 10,435 4,593 27,089 12,839 11,246 8,245 32,330 156,044
1995 Total .................... 570 558 2,024 3,152 7,678 7,524 2,790 17,992 8,248 8,082 4,814 21,144 117,156
2000 Total .................... 288 657 1,341 2,286 7,802 16,394 2,805 27,001 8,090 17,051 4,146 29,287 144,425
2005 Total .................... 539 2,141 1,462 4,142 10,240 26,449 3,191 39,880 10,779 28,590 4,653 44,022 240,307
2006 Total .................... 646 2,456 1,547 4,649 12,739 30,382 3,659 46,780 13,385 32,838 5,206 51,429 282,675
2007 Total .................... 808 2,794 1,582 5,184 12,563 29,925 3,399 45,887 13,371 32,719 4,981 51,071 301,515

2008 January ................ 88 208 144 440 1,111 2,321 272 3,704 1,199 2,529 416 4,144 25,306
February .............. 82 230 107 419 1,080 2,261 247 3,588 1,162 2,491 354 4,007 24,958
March ................... 66 216 127 409 1,132 2,363 271 3,766 1,198 2,579 398 4,175 26,226
April ..................... 68 189 130 387 1,177 2,415 281 3,873 1,245 2,604 411 4,260 26,920
May ...................... 88 206 124 418 1,317 2,449 240 4,006 1,405 2,655 364 4,424 27,947
June ..................... 63 195 139 397 1,428 2,540 299 4,267 1,491 2,735 438 4,664 28,739
July ...................... 79 163 171 413 1,439 2,695 344 4,478 1,518 2,858 515 4,891 29,140
August ................. 67 165 144 376 1,448 2,735 379 4,562 1,515 2,900 523 4,938 28,942
September ........... 52 166 164 382 1,488 2,667 355 4,510 1,540 2,833 519 4,892 28,960
October ................ 80 243 173 496 1,549 2,841 373 4,763 1,629 3,084 546 5,259 31,505
November ............ 97 192 160 449 1,361 2,418 334 4,113 1,458 2,610 494 4,562 29,276
December ............ 67 172 132 371 1,206 2,196 313 3,715 1,273 2,368 445 4,086 26,222
Total .................... 897 2,345 1,715 4,957 15,736 29,901 3,708 49,345 16,633 32,246 5,423 54,302 334,141

2009 January ................ 80 171 99 350 1,192 2,253 250 3,695 1,272 2,424 349 4,045 28,077
February .............. 62 125 88 275 991 1,925 195 3,111 1,053 2,050 283 3,386 25,440
March ................... 59 146 88 293 867 1,771 210 2,848 926 1,917 298 3,141 25,304
April ..................... 36 68 93 197 755 1,396 205 2,356 791 1,464 298 2,553 21,406
May ...................... 47 90 80 217 584 1,136 156 1,876 631 1,226 236 2,093 20,055
June ..................... 44 91 75 210 804 1,297 189 2,290 848 1,388 264 2,500 16,301
July ...................... 40 100 101 241 789 1,188 217 2,194 829 1,288 318 2,435 13,543
August ................. 49 84 88 221 867 1,372 207 2,446 916 1,456 295 2,667 15,970
September ........... 61 71 96 228 945 1,170 207 2,322 1,006 1,241 303 2,550 15,547
October ................ 55 79 78 212 966 1,167 222 2,355 1,021 1,246 300 2,567 17,261
November ............ 38 83 85 206 931 1,133 199 2,263 969 1,216 284 2,469 16,236
December ............ 34 98 84 216 894 1,074 213 2,181 928 1,172 297 2,397 16,424
Total .................... 605 1,206 1,055 2,866 10,585 16,882 2,470 29,937 11,190 18,088 3,525 32,803 231,562

2010 January ................ 55 91 81 227 898 1,264 169 2,331 953 1,355 250 2,558 15,304
February .............. 44 71 67 182 871 1,096 144 2,111 915 1,167 211 2,293 16,862
March ................... 59 85 88 232 1,062 1,224 216 2,502 1,121 1,309 304 2,734 15,102
April ..................... 49 78 77 204 1,173 1,152 249 2,574 1,222 1,230 326 2,778 17,904
May ...................... 48 107 86 241 1,282 1,208 255 2,745 1,330 1,315 341 2,986 17,987
June ..................... 61 100 90 251 1,385 1,250 302 2,937 1,446 1,350 392 3,188 19,408
July ...................... 46 103 105 254 1,386 1,443 390 3,219 1,432 1,546 495 3,473 20,847
August ................. 56 104 94 254 1,434 1,402 314 3,150 1,490 1,506 408 3,404 22,923
September ........... 57 73 88 218 1,374 1,358 268 3,000 1,431 1,431 356 3,218 23,037
October ................ 75 87 117 279 1,502 1,463 283 3,248 1,577 1,550 400 3,527 22,123
November ............ 62 114 103 279 1,400 1,352 263 3,015 1,462 1,466 366 3,294 24,561
December ............ 57 92 70 219 1,317 1,379 243 2,939 1,374 1,471 313 3,158 23,189
Total .................... 669 1,105 1,066 2,840 15,084 15,591 3,096 33,771 15,753 16,696 4,162 36,611 239,247

Notes: • Data are estimates. • For 1960–1969, data are for well completion Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells," at end of section. • Geographic
reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year; for coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
all other years, data are for well completions in a given year. • Through 1989, Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude (Excel and
these well counts include only the original drilling of a hole intended to discover or CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
further develop already discovered crude oil or natural gas resources. Other drilling beginning in 1973.
activities, such as drilling an old well deeper, drilling of laterals from the original Sources: • 1949–1965: Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil,
well, drilling of service and injection wells, and drilling for resources other than "Forecast-Review" issue. • 1966–1969: American Petroleum Institute (API),
crude oil or natural gas are excluded. Beginning in 1990, a new well is defined as Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the United States, annual summaries and
the first hole in the ground whether it is lateral or not. Due to the methodology used monthly reports. • 1970–1989: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
to estimate ultimate well counts from the available partially reported data, the computations based on well reports submitted to the API. • 1990 forward: EIA
counts shown on this page are frequently revised. See Note, "Crude Oil and computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc., Denver, CO.
 
 
 
 
 
Data for 2011 forward in this table have been removed while EIA 
  evaluates the quality of the data and the estimation methodology. 

112  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development
Note.  Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells.  Three well types are considered in the Monthly 
Energy Review (MER) drilling statistics: “completed for crude oil,” “completed for natural gas,” and “dry hole.”  Wells 
that productively encounter both crude oil and natural gas are categorized as “completed for crude oil.”  Both 
development wells and exploratory wells (new field wildcats, new pool tests, and extension tests) are included in the 
statistics.  All other classes of wells drilled in connection with the search for producible hydrocarbons are excluded.  If a 
lateral is drilled at the same time as the original hole it is not counted separately, but its footage is included. 

Prior to the March 1985 MER, drilling statistics consisted of completion data for the above types and classes of wells as 
reported to the American Petroleum Institute (API) during a given month.  Due to time lags between the date of well 
completion and the date of completion reporting to the API, as‐reported well completions proved to be an inaccurate 
indicator of drilling activity.  During 1982, for example, as‐reported well completions rose, while the number of actual 
completions fell.  Consequently, the drilling statistics published since the March 1985 MER are U.S. Energy Information 
Administration (EIA) estimates produced by statistically imputing well counts and footage based on the partial data 
available from the API.  These estimates are subject to continuous revision as new data, some of which pertain to earlier 
months and years, become available.  Additional information about the EIA estimation methodology may be found in 
“Estimating Well Completions,” a feature article published in the March 1985 MER. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  113 
 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

 
 

 
 

6. Coal
Figure 6.1  Coal 
                           (Million Short Tons) 

Overview, 1949–2020
1,400

1,200
Production
1,000

800

Consumption
600

400

200
Net Exports
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Consumption by Sector, 1949–2020

1,200
Electric Power
1,000

800

600

400

200 Industrial[a]

Residential, Commercial[a] and Transportation[b]

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Overview, Monthly Electric Power Sector Consumption, Monthly

80 60

60 Production
40

40

20
Consumption
20
2019 2020 2021
Net Exports
0
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
2019 2020 2021
 

[a] Includes combined‐heat‐power (CHP) plants and a small number of  included in “Industrial.” 
electricity‐only‐plants.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal. 
[b] For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are  Sources:  Tables 6.1 and 6.2. 

116  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 6.1 Coal Overview
(Thousand Short Tons)
Waste Trade Losses and
Coal Stock Unaccounted
Productiona Suppliedb Imports Exports Net Importsc Changed,e fore,f Consumption

1950 Total .................... 560,388 NA 365 29,360 -28,995 27,829 9,462 494,102
1955 Total .................... 490,838 NA 337 54,429 -54,092 -3,974 -6,292 447,012
1960 Total .................... 434,329 NA 262 37,981 -37,719 -3,194 1,722 398,081
1965 Total .................... 526,954 NA 184 51,032 -50,848 1,897 2,244 471,965
1970 Total .................... 612,661 NA 36 71,733 -71,697 11,100 6,633 523,231
1975 Total .................... 654,641 NA 940 66,309 -65,369 32,154 -5,522 562,640
1980 Total .................... 829,700 NA 1,194 91,742 -90,548 25,595 10,827 702,730
1985 Total .................... 883,638 NA 1,952 92,680 -90,727 -27,934 2,796 818,049
1990 Total .................... 1,029,076 3,339 2,699 105,804 -103,104 26,542 -1,730 904,498
1995 Total .................... 1,032,974 8,561 9,473 88,547 -79,074 -275 632 962,104
2000 Total .................... 1,073,612 9,089 12,513 58,489 -45,976 -48,309 938 1,084,095
2005 Total .................... 1,131,498 13,352 30,460 49,942 -19,482 -9,702 9,092 1,125,978
2006 Total .................... 1,162,750 14,409 36,246 49,647 -13,401 42,642 8,824 1,112,292
2007 Total .................... 1,146,635 14,076 36,347 59,163 -22,816 5,812 4,085 1,127,998
2008 Total .................... 1,171,809 14,146 34,208 81,519 -47,311 12,354 5,740 1,120,548
2009 Total .................... 1,074,923 13,666 22,639 59,097 -36,458 39,668 14,985 997,478
2010 Total .................... 1,084,368 13,651 19,353 81,716 -62,363 -13,039 182 1,048,514
2011 Total .................... 1,095,628 13,209 13,088 107,259 -94,171 211 11,506 1,002,948
2012 Total .................... 1,016,458 11,196 9,159 125,746 -116,586 6,902 14,980 889,185
2013 Total .................... 984,842 11,279 8,906 117,659 -108,753 -38,525 1,451 924,442
2014 Total .................... 1,000,049 12,090 11,350 97,257 -85,907 -2,601 11,101 917,731
2015 Total .................... 896,941 9,969 11,318 73,958 -62,640 40,704 5,452 798,115
2016 Total .................... 728,364 10,138 9,846 60,271 -50,425 -45,441 2,449 731,071
2017 Total .................... 774,609 9,951 7,803 96,945 -89,142 -26,033 4,596 716,856
2018 Total .................... 756,167 10,431 5,954 116,244 -110,290 -37,160 5,363 688,105
2019 January ................ 65,836 976 625 9,329 -8,704 -4,034 1,942 60,199
February .............. 58,315 824 358 6,752 -6,393 1,568 1,978 49,200
March ................... 55,667 850 706 9,132 -8,427 -1,181 923 48,348
April ..................... 61,213 598 537 8,642 -8,105 9,889 6,535 37,282
May ...................... 61,862 648 408 8,979 -8,572 9,276 602 44,060
June ..................... 56,706 700 660 8,308 -7,648 1,558 -68 48,267
July ...................... 59,069 574 511 6,469 -5,958 -5,362 -756 59,802
August ................. 63,795 593 519 7,749 -7,230 935 -88 56,311
September ........... 58,597 410 651 7,742 -7,091 1,747 -943 51,113
October ................ 57,674 498 742 6,590 -5,848 9,912 895 41,518
November ............ 54,393 611 466 7,582 -7,116 4,816 -2,798 45,869
December ............ 53,184 723 515 6,491 -5,976 6,413 -3,058 44,575
Total .................... 706,309 8,003 6,697 93,765 -87,068 35,538 5,164 586,543

2020 January ................ 55,667 681 535 6,230 -5,694 6,085 3,847 40,722
February .............. 47,425 665 343 6,611 -6,268 5,196 643 35,983
March ................... 46,106 527 461 7,070 -6,610 4,812 2,411 32,801
April ..................... 39,347 515 365 5,551 -5,186 6,802 1,156 26,717
May ...................... 37,263 499 535 4,714 -4,179 2,626 1,122 29,834
June ..................... 39,608 580 227 4,583 -4,356 -5,686 1,596 39,923
July ...................... 43,217 706 530 5,344 -4,814 -14,290 436 52,963
August ................. 47,523 764 314 4,545 -4,231 -8,934 -736 53,726
September ........... 45,141 701 501 5,371 -4,870 -2,212 1,284 41,902
October ................ 44,988 679 264 4,921 -4,657 3,708 -205 37,507
November ............ 44,345 645 639 7,034 -6,395 1,752 -1,184 38,028
December ............ 44,804 800 423 7,093 -6,670 -4,079 -4,277 47,290
Total .................... 535,434 7,763 5,137 69,067 -63,929 -4,220 6,093 477,395
2021 January ................ 48,556 742 526 5,730 -5,204 -3,306 -1,912 49,312
February .............. 40,868 756 309 7,395 -7,087 -15,309 -1,836 51,682
March ................... 50,881 690 241 7,581 -7,340 1,790 4,077 38,364
April ..................... 45,318 468 509 6,811 -6,302 6,535 -729 33,678
May ...................... 48,632 566 512 7,487 -6,975 2,952 16 39,256
June ..................... 48,798 654 509 7,836 -7,327 -11,809 2,288 51,646
July ...................... 50,334 F 667 564 6,511 -5,947 -14,836 -201 60,091
August ................. 51,924 RF 667 368 7,692 -7,324 R -12,832 R -1,596 R 59,696
September ........... 51,077 NA R 202 R 6,515 R -6,313 NA NA NA
October ................ 49,348 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
10-Month Total ... 485,736 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2020 10-Month Total ... 446,286 6,318 4,075 54,940 -50,864 -1,893 11,554 392,078
2019 10-Month Total ... 598,733 6,669 5,716 79,692 -73,975 24,308 11,020 496,099

a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal quantities lost or to data reporting problems.
recaptured from a refuse mine and cleaned to reduce the concentration of R=Revised. NA=Not available. F=Forecast.
noncombustible materials). Notes: • For methodology used to calculate production, consumption, and
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry stocks, see Note 1, "Coal Production," Note 2, "Coal Consumption," and Note 3,
dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric "Coal Stocks," at end of section. • Data values preceded by "F" are derived from
power and industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. • Totals may not
"Consumption." equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is
c Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
greater than imports. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal (Excel and
d A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
an increase. See Table 6.3 for stocks data coverage. beginning in 1973.
e In 1949, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for." Sources: See end of section.
f The difference between calculated coal supply and disposition, due to coal
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  117 
Table 6.2 Coal Consumption by Sector
(Thousand Short Tons)
End-Use Sectors

Commercial Industrial

Other Industrial Electric

Resi- Coke Trans- Power
dential CHPa Otherb Total Plants CHPc Non-CHPd Total Total portation Sectore,f Total

1950 Total .................... 51,562 (g) 63,021 63,021 104,014 (h) 120,623 120,623 224,637 63,011 91,871 494,102
1955 Total .................... 35,590 (g) 32,852 32,852 107,743 (h) 110,096 110,096 217,839 16,972 143,759 447,012
1960 Total .................... 24,159 (g) 16,789 16,789 81,385 (h) 96,017 96,017 177,402 3,046 176,685 398,081
1965 Total .................... 14,635 (g) 11,041 11,041 95,286 (h) 105,560 105,560 200,846 655 244,788 471,965
1970 Total .................... 9,024 (g) 7,090 7,090 96,481 (h) 90,156 90,156 186,637 298 320,182 523,231
1975 Total .................... 2,823 (g) 6,587 6,587 83,598 (h) 63,646 63,646 147,244 24 405,962 562,640
1980 Total .................... 1,355 (g) 5,097 5,097 66,657 (h) 60,347 60,347 127,004 (h) 569,274 702,730
1985 Total .................... 1,711 (g) 6,068 6,068 41,056 (h) 75,372 75,372 116,429 h
( ) 693,841 818,049
1990 Total .................... 1,345 1,191 4,189 5,379 38,877 27,781 48,549 76,330 115,207 (h) f 782,567 904,498
1995 Total .................... 755 1,419 3,633 5,052 33,011 29,363 43,693 73,055 106,067 (h) 850,230 962,104
2000 Total .................... 454 1,547 2,126 3,673 28,939 28,031 37,177 65,208 94,147 (h) 985,821 1,084,095
2005 Total .................... 378 1,922 2,420 4,342 23,434 25,875 34,465 60,340 83,774 (h) 1,037,485 1,125,978
2006 Total .................... 290 1,886 1,050 2,936 22,957 25,262 34,210 59,472 82,429 (h) 1,026,636 1,112,292
2007 Total .................... 353 1,927 1,247 3,173 22,715 22,537 34,078 56,615 79,331 (h) 1,045,141 1,127,998
2008 Total .................... (i) 2,021 1,485 3,506 22,070 21,902 32,491 54,393 76,463 (h) 1,040,580 1,120,548
2009 Total .................... (i) 1,798 1,412 3,210 15,326 19,766 25,549 45,314 60,641 (h) 933,627 997,478
2010 Total .................... (i) 1,720 1,361 3,081 21,092 24,638 24,650 49,289 70,381 (h) 975,052 1,048,514
2011 Total .................... (i) 1,668 1,125 2,793 21,434 22,319 23,919 46,238 67,671 (h) 932,484 1,002,948
2012 Total .................... (i) 1,450 595 2,045 20,751 20,065 22,773 42,838 63,589 (h) 823,551 889,185
2013 Total .................... (i) 1,356 595 1,951 21,474 19,761 23,294 43,055 64,529 (h) 857,962 924,442
2014 Total .................... (i) 1,063 824 1,887 21,297 19,076 23,870 42,946 64,243 (h) 851,602 917,731
2015 Total .................... (i) 798 706 1,503 19,708 16,984 21,475 38,459 58,167 (h) 738,444 798,115
2016 Total .................... (i) 683 500 1,183 16,485 14,720 20,129 34,849 51,333 (h) 678,554 731,071
2017 Total .................... (i) 610 451 1,061 17,538 12,975 20,289 33,264 50,801 (h) 664,993 716,856
2018 Total .................... (i) 577 395 972 18,337 12,233 19,347 31,580 49,917 (h) 637,217 688,105

2019 January ................ (i) 59 51 111 1,515 1,119 1,487 2,606 4,121 (h) 55,967 60,199
February .............. (i) 54 47 102 1,393 1,005 1,577 2,582 3,974 (h) 45,124 49,200
March ................... (i) 58 50 108 1,556 932 1,654 2,587 4,142 (h) 44,098 48,348
April ..................... (i) 40 27 67 1,450 893 1,444 2,337 3,786 (h) 33,429 37,282
May ...................... (i) 38 26 64 1,624 873 1,455 2,328 3,952 (h) 40,045 44,060
June ..................... (i) 27 18 45 1,586 844 1,494 2,338 3,925 (h) 44,297 48,267
July ...................... (i) 35 13 48 1,498 846 1,478 2,324 3,822 (h) 55,932 59,802
August ................. (i) 37 14 51 1,487 854 1,487 2,341 3,829 (h) 52,431 56,311
September ........... (i) 40 15 55 1,469 814 1,526 2,340 3,810 (h) 47,249 51,113
October ................ (i) 37 27 65 1,494 856 1,579 2,436 3,930 (h) 37,523 41,518
November ............ (i) 44 32 76 1,387 904 1,524 2,429 3,816 (h) 41,977 45,869
December ............ (i) 49 36 86 1,508 950 1,498 2,448 3,956 (h) 40,534 44,575
Total .................... (i) 519 357 876 17,967 10,892 18,203 29,095 47,062 (h) 538,606 586,543

2020 January ................ (i) 41 55 96 1,435 984 1,400 2,385 3,819 (h) 36,808 40,722
February .............. (i) 49 66 115 1,434 940 1,427 2,367 3,801 (h) 32,067 35,983
March ................... (i) 41 55 96 1,408 887 1,431 2,318 3,726 (h) 28,979 32,801
April ..................... (i) 29 14 44 1,192 774 1,085 1,858 3,050 (h) 23,624 26,717
May ...................... (i) 32 15 47 1,055 750 1,112 1,863 2,917 (h) 26,870 29,834
June ..................... (i) 35 17 52 1,208 699 1,218 1,917 3,125 (h) 36,746 39,923
July ...................... (i) 35 11 46 1,019 761 1,208 1,969 2,988 (h) 49,930 52,963
August ................. (i) 37 11 49 1,086 735 1,267 2,001 3,087 (h) 50,590 53,726
September ........... (i) 41 13 54 1,058 775 1,226 2,001 3,059 (h) 38,788 41,902
October ................ (i) 34 22 56 1,153 850 1,451 2,301 3,454 (h) 33,997 37,507
November ............ (i) 36 23 58 1,167 826 1,503 2,329 3,496 (h) 34,473 38,028
December ............ (i) 50 32 82 1,200 909 1,446 2,355 3,555 (h) 43,653 47,290
Total .................... (i) 459 334 793 14,414 9,890 15,774 25,665 40,078 (h) 436,524 477,395

2021 January ................ (i) 49 38 87 1,491 886 1,350 2,236 3,728 (h) 45,498 49,312
February .............. (i) 60 46 106 1,351 803 1,321 2,124 3,475 (h) 48,101 51,682
March ................... (i) 45 35 80 1,519 833 1,382 2,215 3,734 (h) 34,551 38,364
April ..................... (i) 37 15 52 1,477 843 1,202 2,045 3,522 (h) 30,104 33,678
May ...................... (i) 33 14 47 1,527 861 1,200 2,061 3,587 (h) 35,622 39,256
June ..................... (i) 38 16 53 1,485 828 1,226 2,054 3,539 (h) 48,053 51,646
July ...................... (i) 41 F 20 F 61 F 1,417 898 F 1,286 F 2,184 F 3,600 (h) 56,430 60,091
August ................. (i) 43 F 18 F 61 F 1,232 818 F 1,315 F 2,133 F 3,365 (h) 56,269 59,696
8-Month Total ..... (i) 346 E 201 E 547 E 11,500 6,771 E 10,281 E 17,051 E 28,551 (h) 354,628 383,725

2020 8-Month Total ..... (i) 298 245 543 9,836 6,530 10,148 16,679 26,514 (h) 285,613 312,670
2019 8-Month Total ..... (i) 348 246 595 12,108 7,367 12,075 19,443 31,551 (h) 371,323 403,469

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of h Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

commercial electricity-only plants, such as those at hospitals and universities. i Beginning in 2008, residential coal consumption data are no longer collected
See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
Section 7. E=Estimate. F=Forecast.
b All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." Notes: • CHP monthly values are from Table 7.4c; electric power sector monthly
c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial values are from Table 7.4b; all other monthly values are estimates derived from
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use collected quarterly and annual data. See Note 2, "Coal Consumption," at end of
Sectors," at end of Section 7. section. • Data values preceded by "F" are derived from EIA’s Short-Term
d All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial Integrated Forecasting System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of
CHP." section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
e The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat- • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal (Excel and
to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
f Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are beginning in 1973.
for electric utilities and independent power producers. Sources: See end of section.
g Included in "Commercial Other."
 
 

118  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 6.3 Coal Stocks by Sector
(Thousand Short Tons)
End-Use Sectors

Producers Residentiala Industrial Electric

and and Power
Distributors Commercial Coke Plants Otherb Total Total Sectorc,d Total

1950 Year ..................... NA 2,462 16,809 26,182 42,991 45,453 31,842 77,295
1955 Year ..................... NA 998 13,422 15,880 29,302 30,300 41,391 71,691
1960 Year ..................... NA 666 11,122 11,637 22,759 23,425 51,735 75,160
1965 Year ..................... NA 353 10,640 13,122 23,762 24,115 54,525 78,640
1970 Year ..................... NA 300 9,045 11,781 20,826 21,126 71,908 93,034
1975 Year ..................... 12,108 233 8,797 8,529 17,326 17,559 110,724 140,391
1980 Year ..................... 24,379 NA 9,067 11,951 21,018 21,018 183,010 228,407
1985 Year ..................... 33,133 NA 3,420 10,438 13,857 13,857 156,376 203,367
1990 Year ..................... 33,418 NA 3,329 8,716 12,044 12,044 156,166 201,629
1995 Year ..................... 34,444 NA 2,632 5,702 8,334 8,334 126,304 169,083
2000 Year ..................... 31,905 NA 1,494 4,587 6,081 6,081 102,296 140,282
2005 Year ..................... 34,971 NA 2,615 5,582 8,196 8,196 101,137 144,304
2006 Year ..................... 36,548 NA 2,928 6,506 9,434 9,434 140,964 186,946
2007 Year ..................... 33,977 NA 1,936 5,624 7,560 7,560 151,221 192,758
2008 Year ..................... 34,688 498 2,331 6,007 8,338 8,836 161,589 205,112
2009 Year ..................... 47,718 529 1,957 5,109 7,066 7,595 189,467 244,780
2010 Year ..................... 49,820 552 1,925 4,525 6,451 7,003 174,917 231,740
2011 Year ..................... 51,897 603 2,610 4,455 7,065 7,668 172,387 231,951
2012 Year ..................... 46,157 583 2,522 4,475 6,997 7,581 185,116 238,853
2013 Year ..................... 45,652 495 2,200 4,097 6,297 6,792 147,884 200,328
2014 Year ..................... 38,894 449 2,640 4,196 6,836 7,285 151,548 197,727
2015 Year ..................... 35,871 394 2,236 4,382 6,618 7,012 195,548 238,431
2016 Year ..................... 25,309 360 1,675 3,637 5,312 5,672 162,009 192,990
2017 Year ..................... 23,999 310 1,718 3,242 4,960 5,270 137,687 166,956
2018 Year ..................... 21,692 247 1,807 3,258 5,065 5,312 102,793 129,796

2019 January ................ 21,391 238 1,873 3,116 4,989 5,227 99,145 125,763
February .............. 23,551 229 1,939 2,974 4,913 5,142 98,637 127,331
March ................... 24,160 221 2,005 2,832 4,837 5,058 96,932 126,150
April ..................... 22,767 214 2,102 2,883 4,985 5,199 108,072 136,039
May ...................... 24,273 208 2,199 2,934 5,133 5,341 115,700 145,314
June ..................... 24,529 201 2,296 2,985 5,281 5,483 116,861 146,872
July ...................... 25,240 212 2,352 3,046 5,398 5,609 110,661 141,511
August ................. 26,441 222 2,407 3,107 5,514 5,736 110,268 142,445
September ........... 27,714 232 2,463 3,168 5,631 5,863 110,615 144,192
October ................ 29,683 237 2,420 3,198 5,618 5,855 118,566 154,104
November ............ 30,717 242 2,376 3,228 5,605 5,846 122,357 158,921
December ........... 31,320 246 2,333 3,258 5,591 5,838 128,176 165,334

2020 January ................ 31,382 235 2,271 3,179 5,450 5,685 134,352 171,419
February .............. 31,803 223 2,210 3,100 5,309 5,533 139,280 176,615
March ................... 30,829 212 2,148 3,020 5,168 5,380 145,218 181,427
April ..................... 31,168 212 2,106 3,020 5,126 5,338 151,723 188,229
May ...................... 31,522 212 2,064 3,019 5,083 5,296 154,037 190,855
June ..................... 29,510 213 2,022 3,019 5,041 5,253 150,406 185,169
July ...................... 27,716 220 2,007 2,981 4,988 5,208 137,956 170,879
August ................. 27,138 227 1,991 2,944 4,935 5,162 129,645 161,945
September ........... 25,537 234 1,975 2,907 4,882 5,116 129,079 159,732
October ................ 25,025 239 1,868 2,887 4,755 4,994 133,421 163,441
November ............ 24,152 245 1,761 2,867 4,628 4,873 136,168 165,193
December ........... 23,640 250 1,654 2,848 4,501 4,751 132,723 161,114

2021 January ................ F 27,799 243 1,618 2,750 4,368 4,611 125,399 157,808
February .............. F 28,313 236 1,581 2,652 4,234 4,470 109,717 142,500
March ................... F 28,146 229 1,545 2,555 4,100 4,329 111,815 144,290
April ..................... F 28,539 223 1,648 2,580 4,228 4,451 117,835 150,825
May ...................... F 28,861 217 1,750 2,606 4,356 4,573 120,343 153,777
June ..................... F 26,064 210 1,853 2,632 4,485 4,695 111,209 141,968
July ...................... F 24,206 F 184 F 1,994 F 3,581 F 5,576 F 5,760 97,166 127,132
August ................. F 24,205 F 185 F 2,035 F 3,568 F 5,603 F 5,788 84,306 114,300

a Through 1979, data are for the residential and commercial sectors. Beginning are from Table 7.5; producers and distributors monthly values are estimates
in 2008, data are for the commercial sector only. derived from collected annual data; all other monthly values are estimates derived
b Through 1979, data are for manufacturing plants and the transportation sector. from collected quarterly values. • Data values preceded by "F" are derived from
For 1980–2007, data are for manufacturing plants only. Beginning in 2008, data the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
are for manufacturing plants and coal transformation/processing plants. System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. • Totals may not
c The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and- equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is
power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal (Excel and
d Excludes waste coal. Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. beginning in 1973.
NA=Not available. F=Forecast. Sources: See end of section.
Notes: • Stocks are at end of period. • Electric power sector monthly values
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  119 
Coal
Note 1.  Coal Production.  Preliminary monthly estimates of national coal production are the sum of weekly estimates 
developed by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and published in the Weekly Coal Production report. 
When a week extends into a new month, production is allocated on a daily basis and added to the appropriate month.  
Weekly estimates are based on Association of American Railroads (AAR) data showing the number of railcars loaded 
with coal during the week by Class I and certain other railroads. 

Through 2001, the weekly coal production model converted AAR data into short tons of coal by using the average 
number of short tons of coal per railcar loaded reported in the “Quarterly Freight Commodity Statistics” from the 
Surface Transportation Board. If an average coal tonnage per railcar loaded was not available for a specific railroad, the 
national average was used. To derive the estimate of total weekly production, the total rail tonnage for the week was 
divided by the ratio of quarterly production shipped by rail and total quarterly production. Data for the corresponding 
quarter of previous years were used to derive this ratio.  This method ensured that the seasonal variations were 
preserved in the production estimates. 

From 2002 through 2014, the weekly coal production model used statistical auto regressive methods to estimate 
national coal production as a function of railcar loadings of coal, heating degree‐days, and cooling degree‐days.  On 
Thursday of each week, EIA received from the AAR data for the previous week.  The latest weekly national data for 
heating degree‐days and cooling degree‐days were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration’s Climate Prediction Center. 

Beginning in 2015, the revised weekly coal production model uses statistical auto regressive methods to estimate 
national coal production as a function of railcar loadings of coal.  EIA receives AAR data on Thursday of each week for 
prior week car loadings.  The weekly coal model is run and a national level coal production estimate is obtained. From 
there, state‐level estimates are calculated using historical state production share. The state estimates are then 
aggregated to various regional‐level estimates. The weekly coal model is refit every quarter after preliminary coal data 
are available. 

When preliminary quarterly data become available, the monthly and weekly estimates are adjusted to conform to the 
quarterly figures.  The adjustment procedure uses historical state‐level production data, the methodology for which can 
be seen in the documentation located at http://www.eia.gov/coal/production/weekly/.  Initial estimates of annual 
production published in January of the following year are based on preliminary production data covering the first nine 
months (three quarters) and weekly/monthly estimates for the fourth quarter. All quarterly, monthly, and weekly 
production figures are adjusted to conform to the final annual production data published in the Monthly Energy Review 
in the fall of the following year. 

Note 2.  Coal Consumption.  Forecast data (designated by an “F”) are derived from forecasted values shown in EIA’s Short‐
Term Energy Outlook (DOE/EIA‐0202) table titled “U.S. Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories.”  The monthly 
estimates are based on the quarterly values, which are released in March, June, September, and December.  The estimates 
are revised quarterly as collected data become available from the data sources.  Sector‐specific information follows. 

Residential and Commercial—Through 2007, coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to EIA 
for the two sectors combined; EIA estimates the amount consumed by the sectors individually.  To create the estimates, it 
is first assumed that an occupied coal‐heated housing unit consumes fuel at the same Btu rate as an oil‐heated housing 
unit.  Then, for the years in which data are available on the number of occupied housing units by heating source (1973–
1981 and subsequent odd‐numbered years), residential consumption of coal is estimated using the following steps:  a 
ratio is created of the number of occupied housing units heated by coal to the number of occupied housing units heated 
by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btu quantity of oil consumed by the residential sector to derive an estimate of 
the Btu quantity of coal consumed by the residential sector; and, finally, the amount estimated as the residential sector 
consumption is subtracted from the residential and commercial sectors’ combined consumption to derive the 
commercial sector’s estimated consumption.  Beginning in 2008, residential coal consumption data are not collected by 
EIA, and commercial coal consumption data are taken directly from reported data. 

120  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

Industrial Coke Plants—Through 1979, monthly coke plant consumption data were taken directly from reported data.  
For 1980–1987, coke plant consumption estimates were derived by proportioning reported quarterly data by using the 
ratios of monthly‐to‐quarterly consumption data in 1979, the last year in which monthly data were reported.  Beginning 
in 1988, monthly coke plant consumption estimates are derived from the reported quarterly data by using monthly 
ratios of raw steel production data from the American Iron and Steel Institute.  The ratios are the monthly raw steel 
production from open hearth and basic oxygen process furnaces as a proportion of the quarterly production from those 
kinds of furnaces.  Coal coke consumption values also include the relativity small amount consumed for non‐combustion 
use (See Tables 1.11a and 1.11b). 

Industrial Other—Through 1977, monthly consumption data for the other industrial sector (all industrial users minus 
coke plants) were derived by using reported data to modify baseline consumption figures from the most recent U.S. 
Census Bureau Annual Survey of Manufactures or Census of Manufactures.  For 1978 and 1979, monthly estimates were 
derived from data reported on Forms EIA‐3 and EIA‐6.  For 1980–1987, monthly figures were estimated by 
proportioning quarterly data by using the ratios of monthly‐to‐quarterly consumption data in 1979, the last year in 
which monthly data were reported on Form EIA‐3.  Beginning in 1988, monthly consumption for the other 
industrial sector is estimated from reported quarterly data by using ratios derived from industrial production 
indices published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.  Indices for six major industry groups 
are used as the basis for calculating the ratios:  food manufacturing, which is North American Industry 
Classification System (NAICS) code 311; paper manufacturing, NAICS 322; chemical manufacturing, NAICS 325; 
petroleum and coal products, NAICS 324; non‐metallic mineral products manufacturing, NAICS 327; and primary 
metal manufacturing, NAICS 331.  The monthly ratios are computed as the monthly sum of the weighted indices as 
a proportion of the quarterly sum of the weighted indices by using the 1977 proportion as the weights.  Through 
2007, quarterly consumption data for the other industrial sector were derived by adding beginning stocks at 
manufacturing plants to current receipts and subtracting ending stocks at manufacturing plants.  In this 
calculation, current receipts are the greater of either reported receipts from manufacturing plants (Form EIA‐3) or 
reported shipments to the other industrial sector (Form EIA‐6), thereby ensuring that agriculture, forestry, fishing, 
and construction consumption data were included where appropriate.  Beginning in 2008, quarterly consumption 
totals for other industrial coal include data for manufacturing and mining only.  Over time, surveyed coal 
consumption data for agriculture, forestry, fishing, and construction dwindled to about 20–30 thousand short tons 
annually. Therefore, in 2008, EIA consolidated its programs by eliminating agriculture, forestry, fishing, and 
construction as surveyed sectors. 

Electric Power Sector—Monthly consumption data for electric power plants are taken directly from reported data. 

Note 3.  Coal Stocks.  Coal stocks data are reported by major end‐use sector.  Forecast data (designated by an “F”) 
are derived from forecasted values shown in EIA’s Short‐Term Energy Outlook (DOE/EIA‐0202) table titled “U.S. 
Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories.” The monthly estimates are based on the quarterly values (released in 
March, June, September, and December) or annual values.  The estimates are revised as collected data become 
available from the data sources.  Sector‐specific information follows. 

Producers and Distributors—Through 1997, quarterly stocks at producers and distributors were taken directly 
from reported data.  Monthly data were estimated by using one‐third of the current quarterly change to indicate 
the monthly change in stocks.  Beginning in 1998, end‐of‐year stocks are taken from reported data.  Monthly stocks 
are estimated by a model. 

Residential and Commercial—Through 1979, stock estimates for the residential and commercial sector were taken 
directly from reported data.  For 1980–2007, stock estimates were not collected.  Beginning in 2008, quarterly 
commercial (excluding residential) stocks data are collected on Form EIA‐3 (data for “Commercial and Institutional 
Coal Users”).  

Industrial Coke Plants—Through 1979, monthly stocks at coke plants were taken directly from reported data.  Beginning 

 
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  121 
 

in 1980, coke plant stocks are estimated by using one‐third of the current quarterly change to indicate the monthly 
change in stocks.  Quarterly stocks are taken directly from data reported on Form EIA‐5. 

Industrial Other—Through 1977, stocks for the other industrial sector were derived by using reported data to modify 
baseline figures from a one‐time Bureau of Mines survey of consumers.  For 1978–1982, monthly estimates were 
derived by judgmentally proportioning reported quarterly data based on representative seasonal patterns of supply and 
demand.  Beginning in 1983, other industrial coal stocks are estimated as indicated above for coke plants.  Quarterly 
stocks are taken directly from data reported on Form EIA‐3 and therefore include only manufacturing industries; data for 
agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and construction stocks are not available. 

Electric Power Sector—Monthly stocks data at electric power plants are taken directly from reported data. 

Note 4.  Coal Forecast Values.  Data values preceded by “F” in this section are forecast values. They are derived from EIA’s 
Short‐Term Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS).  The model is driven primarily by data and assumptions about key 
macroeconomic variables, the world oil price, and weather.  The coal forecast relies on other variables as well, such as 
alternative fuel prices (natural gas and oil) and power generation by sources other than fossil fuels, including nuclear and 
hydroelectric power.  Each month, EIA staff review the model output and make adjustments, if appropriate, based on their 
knowledge of developments in the coal industry. 

The STIFS model results are published monthly in EIA’s Short‐Term Energy Outlook, which is accessible on the Web at 
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/. 

Table 6.1 Sources 
Production
1949–September 1977:  U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry 
Surveys. 
October 1977 forward:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Weekly Coal Production. 

Waste Coal Supplied

1989–1997:  EIA, Form EIA‐867, “Annual Nonutility  Power Producer Report.” 

1998–2000: EIA,  Form  EIA‐860B,  “Annual  Electric  Generator Report—Nonutility.” 

2001–2003: EIA,  Form  EIA‐906,  “Power  Plant  Report,”  and Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality 

Report—Manufacturing Plants,” and predecessor forms.   

2004–2007:  EIA, Form EIA‐906, “Power Plant Report,”  Form EIA‐920, “Combined Heat and Power Plant Report,”  and 

Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Manufacturing Plants,” and predecessor forms.   

2008 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations  Report,”  and  Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, 

Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” (formerly called, “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”); and,  for 
forecast values, EIA, Short‐Term  Integrated Forecasting  System. 

Imports and Exports

1949 forward:  U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Monthly Reports IM 145 (Imports) and EM 545 (Exports). 

Stock Change
1950 forward:  Calculated from data in Table 6.3. 

Losses and Unaccounted for

1949 forward:  Calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal supplied, minus exports, stock change, and 
consumption. 

122  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Consumption
1949 forward:  Table 6.2. 

Table 6.2 Sources 
Residential and Commercial Total
Through 2007, coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors combined is reported to the U.S. Energy 
Information Administration (EIA).  EIA estimates the sectors individually using the method described in Note 2, 
“Consumption,” at the end of Section 6.  Data for the residential and commercial sectors combined are from:  
1949–1976:  U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook. 
January–September 1977:  DOI, BOM, Form 6‐1400, “Monthly Coal Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake Docks.” October 1977–
1979:  EIA, Form EIA‐2, “Monthly Coal Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake Docks.” 

1980–1997:  EIA, Form EIA‐6, “Coal Distribution Report,” quarterly. 

1998–2007:  DOI, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000‐2, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—
Coke Plants.” 

Commercial Total
Beginning in 2008, coal consumption by the commercial (excluding residential) sector is reported to EIA.  Data for total 
commercial consumption are from:  2008 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and 
Institutional Coal Users” (formerly called, “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”); and, for forecast values, EIA, 
Short‐Term  Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS). 

Commercial CHP
1989 forward:  Table 7.4c. 

Commercial Other
1949 forward:  Calculated as “Commercial Total” minus “Commercial CHP.” 

Industrial Coke Plants

1949–September 1977:  DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry Surveys. 
October 1977–1980:  EIA, Form EIA‐5/5A, “Coke and Coal Chemicals—Monthly/Annual Supplement.” 

1981–1984: EIA, Form EIA‐5/5A, “Coke Plant Report—Quarterly/Annual Supplement.” 

1985 forward:  EIA, Form EIA–5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Coke Plants”; and, for forecast 
values, EIA, STIFS. 

Other Industrial Total

1949–September 1977:  DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry Surveys. 

October 1977–1979: EIA, Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption  and Quality Report—Manufacturing  Plants,” and 

predecessor forms. 

1980–1997:  EIA, Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption  and Quality Report—Manufacturing  Plants,” and 

predecessor forms and  Form  EIA‐6,  “Coal Distribution Report,” quarterly. 

1998–2007: EIA, Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Manufacturing Plants,” and predecessor 
forms, Form EIA‐6A, “Coal Distribution Report,” annual, and Form EIA‐7A, “Coal Production Report,” annual. 

2008 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” (formerly 
called, “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”) and Form EIA‐7A, “Coal Production Report,” annual; and, for 
forecast values, EIA, STIFS. 

Other Industrial CHP

1989 forward:  Table 7.4c. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  123 
Other Industrial Non-CHP
1949 forward:  Calculated as “Other Industrial Total” minus “Other Industrial CHP.” 

Transportation
1949–1976:  DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook. 
January–September 1977:  DOI, BOM, Form 6‐1400, “Monthly Coal Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake Docks.” October–
December 1977:  EIA, Form EIA‐6, “Coal Distribution Report,” quarterly. 

Electric Power
1949 forward:  Table 7.4b. 

Table 6.3 Sources 
Producers and Distributors
1973–1979:  U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of Mines (BOM), Form 6‐1419Q, “Distribution of Bituminous 
Coal and Lignite Shipments.” 

1980–1997:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA‐6, “Coal Distribution Report,” quarterly.  

1998–2007:  EIA, Form EIA‐6A, “Coal Distribution Report,” annual. 

2008 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” (formerly 
called, “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”); (data for “Commercial and Institutional Coal Users”); and, 
for forecast values, EIA, STIFS. 

Residential and Commercial

1949–1976:  DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook. 

January–September 1977:  DOI, BOM, Form 6‐1400, “Monthly Coal Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake Docks.” 

October 1977–1979:  EIA, Form EIA‐2, “Monthly Coal Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake Docks.” 

2008 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” (formerly 
called “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Coal Data); and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS. 

Industrial Coke Plants

1949–September 1977:  DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry Surveys. 

October 1977–1980:  EIA, Form EIA‐5/5A, “Coke and Coal Chemicals—Monthly/Annual.” 

1981–1984:  EIA, Form EIA‐5/5A, “Coke Plant Report—Quarterly/Annual Supplement.” 

1985 forward: EIA, Form EIA‐5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Coke Plants” and, for forecast 
values, EIA, STIFS. 

Industrial Other
1949–September 1977:  DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry Surveys. 

October 1977–2007:  EIA, Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption  and Quality Report—Manufacturing  Plants,” and 

predecessor forms. 

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” (formerly 
called, “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”); and,  for  forecast  values,  EIA, STIFS. 

Electric Power
1949 forward:  Table 7.5. 

124  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

7. Electricity
Figure 7.1  Electricity Overview 
                           (Billion Kilowatthours) 
 

Overview, 2020
5,000

3,853
4,000 3,664

3,000

2,000

1,000

143 61 138
13 14
0
Electric Power Commercial Industrial Imports Exports Retail Sales [b] Direct Use [c]
Net Generation [a] Trade End Use
 
 

Net Generation [a] by Sector, 1989–2020 Net Generation [a] by Sector, Monthly
6,000 600

Total [d]

4,000 400
Total [d]
Electric Power

Electric Power

200
2,000

Industrial
Industrial 0
0 J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2019 2020 2021
 
 

Trade, 1949–2020
100

75

Imports
50

25

Exports
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

[a] Data are for utility‐scale facilities.  [d] Includes commercial sector. 
[b] Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity. 
other energy service providers.  Source:  Table 7.1. 
[c] See “Direct Use” in Glossary.   

126  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 7.1 Electricity Overview
(Billion Kilowatthours)
Net Generationa Trade End Use
T&D Lossesf
Electric Com- Indus- and
Power mercial trial Net Unaccounted Retail Direct
Sectorb Sectorc Sectord Total Importse Exportse Importse forg Salesh Usei Total

1950 Total .................... 329 NA 5 334 2 (s) 2 44 291 NA 291

1955 Total .................... 547 NA 3 550 5 (s) 4 58 497 NA 497
1960 Total .................... 756 NA 4 759 5 1 5 76 688 NA 688
1965 Total .................... 1,055 NA 3 1,058 4 4 (s) 104 954 NA 954
1970 Total .................... 1,532 NA 3 1,535 6 4 2 145 1,392 NA 1,392
1975 Total .................... 1,918 NA 3 1,921 11 5 6 180 1,747 NA 1,747
1980 Total .................... 2,286 NA 3 2,290 25 4 21 216 2,094 NA 2,094
1985 Total .................... 2,470 NA 3 2,473 46 5 41 190 2,324 NA 2,324
1990 Total .................... 2,901 6 d 131 3,038 18 16 2 203 2,713 125 2,837
1995 Total .................... 3,194 8 151 3,353 43 4 39 229 3,013 151 3,164
2000 Total .................... 3,638 8 157 3,802 49 15 34 244 3,421 171 3,592
2005 Total .................... 3,902 8 145 4,055 44 19 25 269 3,661 150 3,811
2006 Total .................... 3,908 8 148 4,065 43 24 18 266 3,670 147 3,817
2007 Total .................... 4,005 8 143 4,157 51 20 31 298 3,765 126 3,890
2008 Total .................... 3,974 8 137 4,119 57 24 33 286 3,734 132 3,866
2009 Total .................... 3,810 8 132 3,950 52 18 34 261 3,597 127 3,724
2010 Total .................... 3,972 9 144 4,125 45 19 26 264 3,755 132 3,887
2011 Total .................... 3,948 10 142 4,100 52 15 37 255 3,750 133 3,883
2012 Total .................... 3,890 11 146 4,048 59 12 47 263 3,695 138 3,832
2013 Total .................... 3,904 12 150 4,066 69 11 58 256 3,725 143 3,868
2014 Total .................... 3,937 13 144 4,094 67 13 53 244 3,765 139 3,903
2015 Total .................... 3,919 13 146 4,078 76 9 67 244 3,759 141 3,900
2016 Total .................... 3,918 13 146 4,077 73 6 67 241 3,762 140 3,902
2017 Total .................... 3,877 13 144 4,034 66 9 56 226 3,723 141 3,864
2018 Total .................... 4,018 13 147 4,178 58 14 44 219 3,859 144 4,003
2019 January ................ 345 1 13 360 5 1 3 22 329 E 13 341
February .............. 303 1 11 315 5 1 3 11 296 E 11 307
March ................... 313 1 12 327 5 3 2 15 302 E 12 314
April ..................... 284 1 11 297 4 2 2 14 274 E 11 285
May ...................... 317 1 12 330 5 2 3 25 297 E 11 308
June ..................... 340 1 12 353 5 2 4 23 321 E 12 333
July ...................... 396 1 13 410 6 2 4 25 376 E 13 389
August ................. 387 1 13 401 6 2 4 20 373 E 13 385
September ........... 347 1 12 361 5 2 4 12 340 E 12 353
October ................ 307 1 12 320 4 1 2 2 308 E 12 320
November ............ 302 1 13 316 5 1 4 22 286 E 12 298
December ............ 324 1 13 338 5 1 4 20 310 E 13 322
Total .................... 3,966 14 149 4,128 59 20 39 212 3,811 143 3,955

2020 January ................ 326 1 13 341 5 1 3 20 311 E 13 324

February .............. 305 1 12 318 4 2 3 19 290 E 12 302
March ................... 294 1 12 307 5 1 4 14 285 E 12 297
April ..................... 264 1 11 276 5 1 3 11 258 E 11 269
May ...................... 292 1 11 304 5 2 4 27 270 E 11 281
June ..................... 340 1 12 353 5 1 4 30 316 E 11 327
July ...................... 401 1 12 414 7 1 5 33 375 E 12 387
August ................. 386 1 12 400 7 1 6 29 364 E 12 376
September ........... 322 1 11 334 5 1 4 9 318 E 11 329
October ................ 302 1 11 314 5 1 4 15 292 E 11 303
November ............ 290 1 12 303 4 1 3 22 273 E 11 284
December ............ 331 1 13 345 5 1 4 26 311 E 12 323
Total .................... 3,853 13 143 4,009 61 14 47 254 3,664 E 138 3,802
2021 January ................ 337 1 13 351 5 1 4 22 321 E 12 333
February .............. 316 1 10 327 4 1 3 21 299 E 10 309
March ................... 299 1 11 311 5 1 4 10 294 E 11 304
April ..................... 281 1 11 292 4 1 3 14 272 E 10 282
May ...................... 305 1 11 317 5 1 4 21 289 E 11 300
June ..................... 362 1 12 374 5 1 4 30 337 E 11 349
July ...................... 391 1 12 405 F6 F1 F5 26 372 E 12 384
August ................. 400 NM 13 414 F6 F1 F5 27 380 E 13 393
8-Month Total ..... 2,690 9 92 2,791 E 40 E7 E 32 170 2,564 E 89 2,654
2020 8-Month Total ..... 2,608 9 96 2,713 43 11 32 182 2,470 E 93 2,563
2019 8-Month Total ..... 2,685 9 98 2,793 40 14 26 156 2,567 E 95 2,662

a Electricity net generation at utility-scale facilities. Does not include distributed in 1996, other energy service providers.
(small-scale) solar photovoltaic (PV) generation shown on Table 10.6. See Note 1, i Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a
b Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data E=Estimate. NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. F=Forecast. (s)=Less
are for electric utilities and independent power producers. than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
c Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
plants. "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.
d Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only • Data values preceded by "F" are derived from the U.S. Energy Information
plants. Through 1988, data are for industrial hydroelectric power only. Administration’s Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System. See Note 3, "Electricity
e Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus Forecast Values," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components
exports. due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
f Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the District of Columbia.
point of generation and delivery to the customer). See Note 1, "Electrical System Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
Energy Losses," at end of Section 2. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
g Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. beginning in 1973.
h Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning Sources: See end of section.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  127 
Figure 7.2  Electricity Net Generation 
                           (Billion Kilowatthours) 
 

Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, 1949–2020

2,500

Coal
2,000

1,500

Natural Gas

1,000

Nuclear Electric Power

500
Renewable Energy

Petroleum
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, Monthly Electric Power Sector, Major Sources, 2020
200 Nuclear Electric 1,600 1,512
Power

150 1,200
Natural Gas

790 768 761

100 Coal 800

50 400
Renewable Energy [a]

Petroleum
16
0
0
J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J ASOND
Natural Nuclear Electric Coal Renewable Petroleum
2019 2020 2021 Gas Power Energy [a]
 
 

Commercial Sector, Major Sources, 2020 Industrial Sector, Major Sources, 2020
12 125

100 96.3

8.2
8
75

50

4
25.7
25
2.0
8.1 5.4
1.0 0.9
0.2 0.1 0
0 Natural Gas Wood Other Gases [b] Coal Hydroelectric Petroleum
Natural Gas Waste Coal Petroleum Power [c]
 
 

[a] Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and  [c] Conventional hydroelectric power. 
wind.  Note:  Data are for utility‐scale facilities. 
[b] Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste derived from fossil  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity. 
fuels.  Sources:  Tables 7.2a‐7.2c. 

128  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 7.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)
(Sum of Tables 7.2b and 7.2c; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Conven- Biomass
Hydro- tional
Nuclear electric Hydro-
Petro- Natural Other Electric Pumped electric Geo-
Coala leumb Gasc Gasesd Power Storagee Powerf Woodg Wasteh thermal Solari Wind Totalj

1950 Total ................ 154,520 33,734 44,559 NA 0 (f) 100,885 390 NA NA NA NA 334,088
1955 Total ................ 301,363 37,138 95,285 NA 0 (f) 116,236 276 NA NA NA NA 550,299
1960 Total ................ 403,067 47,987 157,970 NA 518 (f) 149,440 140 NA 33 NA NA 759,156
1965 Total ................ 570,926 64,801 221,559 NA 3,657 (f) 196,984 269 NA 189 NA NA 1,058,386
1970 Total ................ 704,394 184,183 372,890 NA 21,804 (f) 250,957 136 220 525 NA NA 1,535,111
1975 Total ................ 852,786 289,095 299,778 NA 172,505 (f) 303,153 18 174 3,246 NA NA 1,920,755
1980 Total ................ 1,161,562 245,994 346,240 NA 251,116 (f) 279,182 275 158 5,073 NA NA 2,289,600
1985 Total ................ 1,402,128 100,202 291,946 NA 383,691 (f) 284,311 743 640 9,325 11 6 2,473,002
1990 Totalk .............. 1,594,011 126,460 372,765 10,383 576,862 -3,508 292,866 32,522 13,260 15,434 367 2,789 3,037,827
1995 Total ................ 1,709,426 74,554 496,058 13,870 673,402 -2,725 310,833 36,521 20,405 13,378 497 3,164 3,353,487
2000 Total ................ 1,966,265 111,221 601,038 13,955 753,893 -5,539 275,573 37,595 23,131 14,093 493 5,593 3,802,105
2005 Total ................ 2,012,873 122,225 760,960 13,464 781,986 -6,558 270,321 38,856 15,420 14,692 550 17,811 4,055,423
2006 Total ................ 1,990,511 64,166 816,441 14,177 787,219 -6,558 289,246 38,762 16,099 14,568 508 26,589 4,064,702
2007 Total ................ 2,016,456 65,739 896,590 13,453 806,425 -6,896 247,510 39,014 16,525 14,637 612 34,450 4,156,745
2008 Total ................ 1,985,801 46,243 882,981 11,707 806,208 -6,288 254,831 37,300 17,734 14,840 864 55,363 4,119,388
2009 Total ................ 1,755,904 38,937 920,979 10,632 798,855 -4,627 273,445 36,050 18,443 15,009 891 73,886 3,950,331
2010 Total ................ 1,847,290 37,061 987,697 11,313 806,968 -5,501 260,203 37,172 18,917 15,219 1,212 94,652 4,125,060
2011 Total ................ 1,733,430 30,182 1,013,689 11,566 790,204 -6,421 319,355 37,449 19,222 15,316 1,818 120,177 4,100,141
2012 Total ................ 1,514,043 23,190 1,225,894 11,898 769,331 -4,950 276,240 37,799 19,823 15,562 4,327 140,822 4,047,765
2013 Total ................ 1,581,115 27,164 1,124,836 12,853 789,016 -4,681 268,565 40,028 20,830 15,775 9,036 167,840 4,065,964
2014 Total ................ 1,581,710 30,232 1,126,609 12,022 797,166 -6,174 259,367 42,340 21,650 15,877 17,691 181,655 4,093,606
2015 Total ................ 1,352,398 28,249 1,333,482 13,117 797,178 -5,091 249,080 41,929 21,703 15,918 24,893 190,719 4,077,601
2016 Total ................ 1,239,149 24,205 1,378,307 12,807 805,694 -6,686 267,812 40,947 21,813 15,826 36,054 226,993 4,076,675
2017 Total ................ 1,205,835 21,390 1,296,442 12,469 804,950 -6,495 300,333 41,124 21,610 15,927 53,287 254,303 4,034,271
2018 Total ................ 1,149,487 25,226 1,469,133 13,463 807,084 -5,905 292,524 40,936 20,896 15,967 63,825 272,667 4,178,277
2019 January ............ 100,905 2,213 121,589 1,025 73,701 -323 24,798 3,465 1,672 1,390 3,580 24,301 359,509
February .......... 79,929 1,507 112,142 948 64,715 -389 22,881 3,042 1,498 1,293 3,836 22,623 315,026
March ............... 78,352 1,390 115,813 1,086 65,080 -409 26,334 3,217 1,625 1,422 5,899 25,773 326,657
April ................. 59,922 1,183 104,059 948 60,581 -103 27,820 2,807 1,510 1,254 6,752 28,915 296,663
May .................. 71,885 1,674 117,059 1,054 67,124 -368 31,982 3,051 1,564 1,342 7,162 25,779 330,423
June ................. 78,540 1,519 137,836 1,009 68,805 -385 28,078 3,159 1,581 1,328 7,971 22,446 352,988
July .................. 100,771 1,795 171,955 1,185 72,199 -622 24,875 3,498 1,617 1,375 8,133 22,101 410,038
August ............. 94,040 1,731 174,968 1,147 71,911 -579 22,579 3,539 1,636 1,393 7,877 19,978 401,430
September ....... 85,707 1,504 149,697 1,112 66,064 -671 18,526 3,211 1,530 1,368 6,817 24,513 360,518
October ............ 66,777 1,142 130,948 924 62,033 -373 18,306 3,063 1,573 1,141 6,093 27,625 320,352
November ........ 75,549 1,232 117,910 1,047 64,125 -509 20,218 3,137 1,525 984 4,364 25,184 315,849
December ........ 72,581 1,451 131,839 1,107 73,074 -529 21,478 3,355 1,633 1,183 3,453 26,644 338,402
Total ................ 964,957 18,341 1,585,814 12,591 809,409 -5,261 287,874 38,543 18,964 15,473 71,937 295,882 4,127,855
2020 January ............ 65,100 1,612 133,158 1,105 74,170 -377 25,332 3,345 1,671 1,265 4,657 28,547 340,669
February .......... 56,114 1,257 125,594 1,131 65,950 -247 26,370 3,145 1,515 1,274 5,706 29,397 318,168
March ............... 50,644 1,390 123,697 1,014 63,997 -353 23,594 3,192 1,682 1,517 6,496 29,525 307,479
April ................. 40,624 1,219 107,960 747 59,170 -325 22,112 2,968 1,594 1,450 8,126 29,416 276,127
May .................. 46,530 1,286 115,871 810 64,338 -367 30,485 3,094 1,617 1,450 9,767 28,309 304,277
June ................. 65,335 1,667 143,245 757 67,205 -499 29,059 2,988 1,456 1,371 9,641 29,524 352,766
July .................. 89,831 1,794 185,445 856 69,385 -686 27,676 3,106 1,564 1,435 10,478 22,270 414,243
August ............. 91,252 1,701 173,927 1,006 68,982 -784 24,082 3,303 1,589 1,430 9,508 22,413 399,504
September ....... 68,448 1,249 141,453 948 65,727 -525 19,162 2,941 1,512 1,392 7,891 23,064 334,270
October ............ 59,895 1,224 131,658 895 59,362 -423 18,321 2,802 1,516 1,380 7,346 28,880 313,910
November ........ 61,332 1,444 109,037 940 61,760 -369 21,832 3,105 1,476 1,489 5,895 33,704 302,702
December ........ 78,700 1,652 125,704 972 69,871 -368 23,086 3,260 1,612 1,478 5,381 32,462 344,970
Total ................ 773,805 17,495 1,616,748 11,182 789,919 -5,321 291,111 37,249 18,805 16,930 90,891 337,510 4,009,085
2021 January ............ 81,806 1,589 125,323 985 71,832 -424 26,159 3,253 1,620 1,404 5,732 30,427 350,815
February .......... 87,848 2,284 111,672 767 62,954 -425 22,137 2,936 1,419 1,327 6,502 26,673 327,019
March ............... 62,022 1,654 105,377 791 63,708 -236 21,349 3,199 1,604 1,265 9,342 39,558 310,701
April ................. 53,933 1,132 107,041 794 57,092 -197 19,257 2,726 1,508 1,304 10,923 35,908 292,392
May .................. 63,890 1,303 113,684 853 62,053 -416 23,408 3,051 1,550 1,388 12,467 33,192 317,425
June ................. 87,353 1,320 148,583 902 66,070 -376 24,879 3,145 1,489 1,392 12,063 26,383 374,206
July .................. 101,635 1,498 169,107 949 68,832 -685 22,609 3,287 1,517 1,414 11,978 21,422 404,615
August ............. 101,932 1,895 172,275 985 69,673 -670 21,486 3,370 1,500 1,374 11,921 26,298 414,224
8-Month Total 640,417 12,674 1,053,061 7,027 522,215 -3,428 181,285 24,968 12,206 10,868 80,928 239,861 2,791,396

2020 8-Month Total 505,430 11,927 1,108,896 7,426 533,198 -3,636 208,710 25,141 12,689 11,191 64,378 219,400 2,713,233
2019 8-Month Total 664,343 13,012 1,055,420 8,401 544,114 -3,179 209,346 25,778 12,702 10,798 51,209 191,916 2,792,734

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal generation. See Table 10.6.
synfuel. j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,
b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane. (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. k Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only;
d Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from hydroelectric data through 1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities.
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities, independent power producers,
e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. commercial plants, and industrial plants.
f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional NA=Not available.
Hydroelectric Power." Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
g Wood and wood-derived fuels. Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
h Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes Columbia.
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
tire-derived fuels). and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
i Electricity net generation from solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy at beginning in 1973.
utility-scale facilities. Does not include distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic Sources: See end of section, "Table 7.2b Sources" and "Table 7.2c Sources."
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  129 
Table 7.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector
(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Conven- Biomass
Hydro- tional
Nuclear electric Hydro-
Petro- Natural Other Electric Pumped electric Geo-
Coala leumb Gasc Gasesd Power Storagee Powerf Woodg Wasteh thermal Solari Wind Totalj

1950 Total ................ 154,520 33,734 44,559 NA 0 (f) 95,938 390 NA NA NA NA 329,141
1955 Total ................ 301,363 37,138 95,285 NA 0 (f) 112,975 276 NA NA NA NA 547,038
1960 Total ................ 403,067 47,987 157,970 NA 518 (f) 145,833 140 NA 33 NA NA 755,549
1965 Total ................ 570,926 64,801 221,559 NA 3,657 (f) 193,851 269 NA 189 NA NA 1,055,252
1970 Total ................ 704,394 184,183 372,890 NA 21,804 (f) 247,714 136 220 525 NA NA 1,531,868
1975 Total ................ 852,786 289,095 299,778 NA 172,505 (f) 300,047 18 174 3,246 NA NA 1,917,649
1980 Total ................ 1,161,562 245,994 346,240 NA 251,116 (f) 276,021 275 158 5,073 NA NA 2,286,439
1985 Total ................ 1,402,128 100,202 291,946 NA 383,691 (f) 281,149 743 640 9,325 11 6 2,469,841
1990 Totalk .............. 1,572,109 118,864 309,486 621 576,862 -3,508 289,753 7,032 11,500 15,434 367 2,789 2,901,322
1995 Total ................ 1,686,056 68,146 419,179 1,927 673,402 -2,725 305,410 7,597 17,986 13,378 497 3,164 3,194,230
2000 Total ................ 1,943,111 105,192 517,978 2,028 753,893 -5,539 271,338 8,916 20,307 14,093 493 5,593 3,637,529
2005 Total ................ 1,992,054 116,482 683,829 3,777 781,986 -6,558 267,040 10,570 13,031 14,692 550 17,811 3,902,192
2006 Total ................ 1,969,737 59,708 734,417 4,254 787,219 -6,558 286,254 10,341 13,927 14,568 508 26,589 3,908,077
2007 Total ................ 1,998,390 61,306 814,752 4,042 806,425 -6,896 245,843 10,711 14,294 14,637 612 34,450 4,005,343
2008 Total ................ 1,968,838 42,881 802,372 3,200 806,208 -6,288 253,096 10,638 15,379 14,840 864 55,363 3,974,349
2009 Total ................ 1,741,123 35,811 841,006 3,058 798,855 -4,627 271,506 10,738 15,954 15,009 891 73,886 3,809,837
2010 Total ................ 1,827,738 34,679 901,389 2,967 806,968 -5,501 258,455 11,446 16,376 15,219 1,206 94,636 3,972,386
2011 Total ................ 1,717,891 28,202 926,290 2,939 790,204 -6,421 317,531 10,733 15,989 15,316 1,727 120,121 3,948,186
2012 Total ................ 1,500,557 20,072 1,132,791 2,984 769,331 -4,950 273,859 11,050 16,555 15,562 4,164 140,749 3,890,358
2013 Total ................ 1,567,722 24,510 1,028,949 4,322 789,016 -4,681 265,058 12,302 16,918 15,775 8,724 167,742 3,903,715
2014 Total ................ 1,568,774 28,043 1,033,172 3,358 797,166 -6,174 258,046 15,027 17,602 15,877 17,304 181,496 3,937,003
2015 Total ................ 1,340,993 26,505 1,237,656 3,715 797,178 -5,091 247,636 14,563 17,823 15,918 24,456 190,547 3,919,294
2016 Total ................ 1,229,663 22,710 1,279,380 3,912 805,694 -6,686 266,326 13,420 18,183 15,826 35,497 226,790 3,918,078
2017 Total ................ 1,197,838 20,039 1,196,753 4,126 804,950 -6,495 298,711 13,641 18,084 15,927 52,724 254,074 3,877,453
2018 Total ................ 1,142,173 23,928 1,365,822 4,086 807,084 -5,905 291,148 13,385 17,623 15,934 63,253 272,396 4,018,167
2019 January ............ 100,294 2,104 112,144 360 73,701 -323 24,658 1,141 1,412 1,348 3,546 24,273 345,324
February .......... 79,382 1,420 103,949 351 64,715 -389 22,772 947 1,266 1,252 3,798 22,598 302,635
March ............... 77,819 1,307 107,124 383 65,080 -409 26,208 939 1,364 1,378 5,841 25,746 313,385
April ................. 59,426 1,089 95,861 329 60,581 -103 27,695 769 1,276 1,227 6,690 28,888 284,309
May .................. 71,388 1,597 108,445 324 67,124 -368 31,857 965 1,347 1,304 7,095 25,757 317,498
June ................. 78,043 1,435 128,930 329 68,805 -385 27,965 975 1,346 1,294 7,898 22,426 339,709
July .................. 100,225 1,652 162,249 372 72,199 -622 24,788 1,151 1,383 1,342 8,053 22,084 395,547
August ............. 93,517 1,636 165,140 377 71,911 -579 22,504 1,172 1,393 1,362 7,803 19,964 386,904
September ....... 85,216 1,417 140,483 342 66,064 -671 18,461 1,045 1,303 1,338 6,754 24,494 346,894
October ............ 66,311 1,056 121,934 189 62,033 -373 18,232 899 1,334 1,103 6,040 27,599 306,999
November ........ 75,046 1,146 108,683 326 64,125 -509 20,139 957 1,288 941 4,323 25,160 302,253
December ........ 72,065 1,361 122,198 354 73,074 -529 21,374 1,060 1,380 1,140 3,423 26,616 324,174
Total ................ 958,732 17,220 1,477,139 4,037 809,409 -5,261 286,652 12,020 16,091 15,031 71,265 295,604 3,965,629
2020 January ............ 64,548 1,514 123,298 354 74,170 -377 25,222 1,053 1,422 1,229 4,615 28,520 326,217
February .......... 55,590 1,177 116,654 370 65,950 -247 26,260 1,004 1,284 1,233 5,657 29,368 304,885
March ............... 50,145 1,306 114,766 288 63,997 -353 23,483 949 1,437 1,473 6,436 29,496 294,084
April ................. 40,189 1,157 100,048 150 59,170 -325 22,002 823 1,364 1,410 8,052 29,386 264,054
May .................. 46,094 1,210 107,853 161 64,338 -367 30,367 944 1,382 1,411 9,679 28,282 291,979
June ................. 64,920 1,576 134,669 133 67,205 -499 28,950 907 1,247 1,338 9,555 29,446 340,019
July .................. 89,368 1,691 176,293 162 69,385 -686 27,571 992 1,339 1,404 10,386 22,186 400,737
August ............. 90,814 1,609 164,758 303 68,982 -784 23,985 1,159 1,365 1,400 9,428 22,341 386,013
September ....... 67,978 1,170 133,123 297 65,727 -525 19,076 847 1,307 1,359 7,824 22,977 321,755
October ............ 59,440 1,139 123,640 238 59,362 -423 18,237 808 1,292 1,341 7,284 28,770 301,722
November ........ 60,896 1,350 100,783 306 61,760 -369 21,736 922 1,253 1,448 5,845 33,582 290,110
December ........ 78,215 1,557 116,315 337 69,871 -368 22,981 1,015 1,370 1,434 5,338 32,329 331,059
Total ................ 768,196 16,456 1,512,199 3,097 789,919 -5,321 289,870 11,423 16,062 16,481 90,097 336,681 3,852,634

2021 January ............ 81,340 1,505 116,050 326 71,832 -424 26,047 1,031 1,371 1,360 5,689 30,319 337,092
February .......... 87,393 2,172 104,470 191 62,954 -425 22,043 1,021 1,216 1,288 6,452 26,561 315,905
March ............... 61,561 1,568 97,691 196 63,708 -236 21,247 1,040 1,364 1,248 9,267 39,466 298,757
April ................. 53,494 1,065 99,521 246 57,092 -197 19,158 721 1,281 1,267 10,837 35,809 280,877
May .................. 63,412 1,223 105,770 260 62,053 -416 23,307 969 1,330 1,337 12,370 33,113 305,324
June ................. 86,848 1,251 140,120 304 66,070 -376 24,783 1,033 1,294 1,352 11,974 26,305 361,556
July .................. 101,129 1,419 159,992 298 68,832 -685 22,512 1,103 1,295 1,374 11,890 21,363 391,130
August ............. 101,424 1,810 163,240 321 69,673 -670 21,389 1,218 1,278 1,333 11,830 26,215 399,667
8-Month Total 636,601 12,012 986,854 2,142 522,215 -3,428 180,485 8,137 10,431 10,558 80,311 239,152 2,690,308

2020 8-Month Total 501,667 11,240 1,038,338 1,920 533,198 -3,636 207,840 7,831 10,840 10,899 63,807 219,023 2,607,988
2019 8-Month Total 660,093 12,241 983,842 2,825 544,114 -3,179 208,446 8,058 10,786 10,508 50,724 191,736 2,685,310

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal generation. See Table 10.6.
synfuel. j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,
b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane. (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
d Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from for electric utilites and independent power producers.
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas. NA=Not available.
e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Statistics," at end of section. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only
Hydroelectric Power." and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
g Wood and wood-derived fuels. primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • Totals
h Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
tire-derived fuels). and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
i Electricity net generation from solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy at beginning in 1973.
utility-scale facilities. Does not include distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic Sources: See end of section.
 
 

130  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 7.2c Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors
(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Commercial Sectora Industrial Sectorb

Biomass Hydro- Biomass

Petro- Natural Petro- Natural Other electric
Coalc leumd Gase Wastef Totalg Coalc leumd Gase Gasesh Poweri Woodj Wastef Totalk

1950 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4,946 NA NA 4,946

1955 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,261 NA NA 3,261
1960 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,607 NA NA 3,607
1965 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,134 NA NA 3,134
1970 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,244 NA NA 3,244
1975 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,106 NA NA 3,106
1980 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,161 NA NA 3,161
1985 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,161 NA NA 3,161
1990 Total .................... 796 589 3,272 812 5,837 21,107 7,008 60,007 9,641 2,975 25,379 949 130,830
1995 Total .................... 998 379 5,162 1,519 8,232 22,372 6,030 71,717 11,943 5,304 28,868 900 151,025
2000 Total .................... 1,097 432 4,262 1,985 7,903 22,056 5,597 78,798 11,927 4,135 28,652 839 156,673
2005 Total .................... 1,353 375 4,249 1,657 8,492 19,466 5,368 72,882 9,687 3,195 28,271 733 144,739
2006 Total .................... 1,310 235 4,355 1,599 8,371 19,464 4,223 77,669 9,923 2,899 28,400 572 148,254
2007 Total .................... 1,371 189 4,257 1,599 8,273 16,694 4,243 77,580 9,411 1,590 28,287 631 143,128
2008 Total .................... 1,261 142 4,188 1,534 7,926 15,703 3,219 76,421 8,507 1,676 26,641 821 137,113
2009 Total .................... 1,096 163 4,225 1,748 8,165 13,686 2,963 75,748 7,574 1,868 25,292 740 132,329
2010 Total .................... 1,111 124 4,725 1,672 8,592 18,441 2,258 81,583 8,343 1,668 25,706 869 144,082
2011 Total .................... 1,049 89 5,487 2,315 10,080 14,490 1,891 81,911 8,624 1,799 26,691 917 141,875
2012 Total .................... 883 196 6,603 2,319 11,301 12,603 2,922 86,500 8,913 2,353 26,725 948 146,107
2013 Total .................... 839 124 7,154 2,567 12,234 12,554 2,531 88,733 8,531 3,463 27,691 1,346 150,015
2014 Total .................... 595 255 7,227 2,681 12,520 12,341 1,934 86,209 8,664 1,282 27,239 1,367 144,083
2015 Total .................... 509 191 7,471 2,637 12,595 10,896 1,552 88,355 9,401 1,410 27,318 1,243 145,712
2016 Total .................... 383 82 7,730 2,496 12,706 9,103 1,412 91,197 8,895 1,269 27,458 1,134 145,890
2017 Total .................... 329 112 8,042 2,515 13,060 7,669 1,239 91,647 8,343 1,382 27,412 1,012 143,758
2018 Total .................... 303 140 8,419 2,404 13,312 7,011 1,157 94,892 9,377 1,149 27,475 868 146,798
2019 January ................ 29 21 706 195 1,160 581 88 8,739 664 124 2,317 65 13,025
February .............. 27 10 654 171 1,057 521 77 7,538 597 94 2,086 61 11,335
March ................... 33 9 711 189 1,173 500 74 7,978 702 108 2,267 71 12,099
April ..................... 22 8 646 168 1,053 475 85 7,552 619 106 2,034 65 11,301
May ...................... 18 7 663 159 1,072 479 70 7,951 730 104 2,084 58 11,854
June ..................... 13 6 711 178 1,133 484 79 8,196 680 95 2,179 57 12,147
July ...................... 18 9 869 180 1,313 528 133 8,837 813 71 2,331 55 13,178
August ................. 17 12 852 185 1,290 506 83 8,976 770 59 2,357 57 13,236
September ........... 21 10 731 179 1,150 470 77 8,483 770 52 2,157 48 12,474
October ................ 21 9 666 173 1,072 445 76 8,348 735 63 2,157 67 12,281
November ............ 23 9 667 171 1,066 480 77 8,561 721 67 2,174 67 12,531
December ............ 27 11 735 181 1,151 489 80 8,906 753 91 2,289 72 13,077
Total .................... 268 121 8,610 2,129 13,689 5,957 1,000 100,065 8,554 1,033 26,433 743 148,537

2020 January ................ 22 11 751 177 1,167 530 87 9,108 752 93 2,284 72 13,284
February .............. 29 6 688 166 1,096 495 73 8,253 761 92 2,135 65 12,186
March ................... 22 6 663 181 1,095 477 78 8,268 726 96 2,239 65 12,300
April ..................... 13 5 562 165 966 422 58 7,351 597 95 2,144 64 11,107
May ...................... 14 7 597 174 1,038 422 69 7,421 649 95 2,146 62 11,260
June ..................... 17 7 680 161 1,104 398 83 7,896 624 86 2,074 49 11,643
July ...................... 17 10 817 173 1,264 447 92 8,335 695 84 2,101 52 12,242
August ................. 15 10 798 172 1,228 423 82 8,370 702 80 2,130 51 12,263
September ........... 24 8 717 162 1,119 446 71 7,612 652 73 2,087 44 11,397
October ................ 17 8 623 163 1,023 437 77 7,395 656 71 1,985 61 11,165
November ............ 19 8 624 166 1,025 417 87 7,631 635 81 2,175 57 11,567
December ............ 26 9 687 174 1,105 460 86 8,702 636 90 2,235 68 12,806
Total .................... 235 97 8,207 2,035 13,230 5,374 943 96,342 8,085 1,035 25,735 708 143,221

2021 January ................ 25 10 685 183 1,121 440 75 8,588 659 92 2,212 66 12,602
February .............. 36 NM 616 148 1,013 419 96 6,587 577 76 1,900 55 10,101
March ................... 24 NM 629 172 1,044 437 78 7,057 595 87 2,151 68 10,900
April ..................... 18 8 578 162 1,001 421 58 6,942 548 84 1,997 65 10,514
May ...................... 12 9 609 159 1,039 466 71 7,305 593 83 2,075 62 11,063
June ..................... 19 7 692 151 1,108 486 62 7,771 598 78 2,098 43 11,542
July ...................... 22 9 781 171 1,231 483 70 8,334 651 80 2,166 50 12,254
August ................. 25 9 808 170 NM 482 76 8,226 664 81 2,135 51 12,913
8-Month Total ..... 183 76 5,399 1,316 9,200 3,634 586 60,809 4,885 661 16,733 460 91,889

2020 8-Month Total ..... 149 64 5,556 1,369 8,959 3,614 622 65,002 5,506 721 17,253 480 96,286
2019 8-Month Total ..... 176 82 5,811 1,426 9,249 4,073 689 65,767 5,576 760 17,656 489 98,175

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas.
plants. i Conventional hydroelectric power.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only j Wood and wood-derived fuels.
plants. k Includes photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,
c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001,
synfuel. non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other tire-derived fuels). Does not include distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane. generation shown on Table 10.6.
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful.
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes Statistics," at end of section. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components
tire-derived fuels). due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
g Includes a small amount of conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, District of Columbia.
other gases, solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, wood, and other, which are not Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
separately displayed. Does not include distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
generation. shown on Table 10.6. beginning in 1973.
h Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from Sources: See end of section.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  131 
Figure 7.3  Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation 
 

Coal by Sector,1989–2020 Petroleum by Sector,1989–2020

1.2 300

1.0 Total [a] 250

Total [a]
Billion Short Tons

0.8 200
Electric Power

Million Barrels
0.6 150

Electric Power
0.4 100

0.2 50
Industrial
Industrial
0.0 0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Natural Gas by Sector,1989–2020 Other Gases [b] by Sector,1989–2020

15 200

Total [a]
12
150
Trillion Cubic Feet

9
Trillion Btu

100
6 Total [a]

50 Industrial
3 Electric Power
Electric Power
Industrial

0 0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Wood by Sector,1989–2020 Waste by Sector,1989–2020

750 400

Total

Total [a] 300

500
Trillion Btu

Trillion Btu

Industrial Electric Power

200

250
100
Electric Power
Industrial
Commercial

0 0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

[a] Includes commercial sector.   Note:  Data are for utility‐scale facilities. 
[b] Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity. 
fossil fuels.  Through 2010, also includes propane gas.  Sources:  Tables 7.3a‐7.3c. 

132  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 7.3a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:
Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.3b and 7.3c)
Petroleum Biomass

Distillate Residual Other Petroleum Natural Other

Coala Fuel Oilb Fuel Oilc Liquidsd Cokee Totale Gasf Gasesg Woodh Wastei Otherj

Thousand Thousand Thousand Billion

Short Tons Thousand Barrels Short Tons Barrels Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1950 Total .................... 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 629 NA 5 NA NA

1955 Total .................... 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153 NA 3 NA NA
1960 Total .................... 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,725 NA 2 NA NA
1965 Total .................... 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321 NA 3 NA NA
1970 Total .................... 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,932 NA 1 2 NA
1975 Total .................... 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,158 NA (s) 2 NA
1980 Total .................... 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,682 NA 3 2 NA
1985 Total .................... 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044 NA 8 7 NA
1990 Totalk .................. 792,457 18,143 190,652 437 1,914 218,800 3,692 112 442 211 36
1995 Total .................... 860,594 19,615 95,507 680 3,355 132,578 4,738 133 480 316 42
2000 Total .................... 994,933 31,675 143,381 1,450 3,744 195,228 5,691 126 496 330 46
2005 Total .................... 1,041,448 20,651 141,518 2,968 8,330 206,785 6,036 110 355 230 173
2006 Total .................... 1,030,556 13,174 58,473 2,174 7,363 110,634 6,462 115 350 241 172
2007 Total .................... 1,046,795 15,683 63,833 2,917 6,036 112,615 7,089 115 353 245 168
2008 Total .................... 1,042,335 12,832 38,191 2,822 5,417 80,932 6,896 97 339 267 172
2009 Total .................... 934,683 12,658 28,576 2,328 4,821 67,668 7,121 84 320 272 170
2010 Total .................... 979,684 14,050 23,997 2,056 4,994 65,071 7,680 90 350 281 184
2011 Total .................... 934,938 11,231 14,251 1,844 5,012 52,387 7,884 91 348 279 205
2012 Total .................... 825,734 9,285 11,755 1,565 3,675 40,977 9,485 103 390 290 204
2013 Total .................... 860,729 9,784 11,766 1,681 4,852 47,492 8,596 115 398 298 200
2014 Total .................... 853,634 14,465 14,704 2,363 4,412 53,593 8,544 110 431 314 200
2015 Total .................... 739,594 12,438 14,124 2,363 4,044 49,145 10,017 106 407 313 204
2016 Total .................... 677,371 9,662 11,195 1,548 4,253 43,671 10,170 74 360 305 199
2017 Total .................... 663,911 9,707 10,442 1,547 3,490 39,144 9,508 71 364 304 190
2018 Total .................... 636,213 14,223 12,407 1,985 3,623 46,727 10,833 79 362 298 190
2019 January ................ 55,834 1,206 996 303 326 4,135 873 6 31 23 17
February .............. 45,025 739 580 163 272 2,844 801 5 27 21 15
March ................... 43,976 734 611 131 235 2,651 836 6 28 23 16
April ..................... 33,353 648 621 149 155 2,194 763 5 24 21 16
May ...................... 40,015 830 735 136 294 3,169 863 6 27 22 17
June ..................... 44,218 812 790 145 216 2,828 1,017 6 28 22 17
July ...................... 55,863 775 895 148 309 3,363 1,284 7 31 23 17
August ................. 52,349 758 961 150 276 3,251 1,306 6 32 23 18
September ........... 47,188 725 786 157 231 2,824 1,109 6 28 22 17
October ................ 37,431 742 794 172 83 2,123 965 5 26 22 16
November ............ 41,907 779 718 130 129 2,272 847 6 27 22 16
December ............ 40,461 873 763 179 197 2,800 939 6 29 23 17
Total .................... 537,620 9,620 9,251 1,965 2,724 34,454 11,602 72 338 267 199

2020 January ................ 36,773 859 761 158 261 3,082 958 6 28 23 16
February .............. 32,039 696 616 131 190 2,393 902 6 27 21 14
March ................... 28,989 593 583 192 262 2,678 902 6 27 23 16
April ..................... 23,623 504 544 137 221 2,288 783 4 24 21 15
May ...................... 26,849 596 588 104 231 2,442 854 5 26 22 16
June ..................... 36,708 749 700 123 308 3,115 1,068 5 25 20 15
July ...................... 49,856 813 801 135 318 3,337 1,396 5 27 21 16
August ................. 50,516 747 800 128 295 3,152 1,304 6 29 22 16
September ........... 38,757 563 732 115 159 2,206 1,058 6 24 21 15
October ................ 33,943 714 787 143 131 2,300 975 5 24 21 15
November ............ 34,437 657 677 121 211 2,509 790 6 26 20 15
December ............ 43,588 776 720 127 279 3,020 899 6 28 22 17
Total .................... 436,076 8,268 8,310 1,613 2,866 32,520 11,888 66 315 256 186

2021 January ................ 45,412 663 842 127 268 2,971 892 6 27 22 16
February .............. 47,989 1,869 822 352 269 4,387 804 4 26 19 14
March ................... 34,487 656 645 107 255 2,684 764 5 28 21 16
April ..................... 30,059 662 598 114 150 2,126 772 5 23 20 15
May ...................... 35,606 686 653 84 199 2,418 837 5 26 20 14
June ..................... 47,981 673 716 137 192 2,486 1,105 5 27 20 15
July ...................... 56,332 630 726 116 269 2,816 1,256 6 29 21 16
August ................. 56,164 859 1,067 151 288 3,517 1,279 6 30 21 23
8-Month Total ..... 354,029 6,697 6,070 1,189 1,890 23,405 7,709 41 217 165 127

2020 8-Month Total ..... 285,352 5,558 5,393 1,107 2,085 22,485 8,166 44 214 172 124
2019 8-Month Total ..... 370,633 6,501 6,190 1,326 2,084 24,435 7,742 48 228 178 132

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal tire-derived fuels).
synfuel. j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949–1979, data are for steam plant use of for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel plants.
oil no. 4. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
propane. Statistics," at end of section. • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity.
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. Data also include fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small
f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. • Totals may not
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas. the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
h Wood and wood-derived fuels. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes beginning in 1973.
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and Sources: See "Table 7.3b Sources" at end of section and sources for Table 7.3c.
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  133 
Table 7.3b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:
Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Petroleum Biomass

Distillate Residual Other Petroleum Natural Other

Coala Fuel Oilb Fuel Oilc Liquidsd Cokee Totale Gasf Gasesg Woodh Wastei Otherj
Thousand Thousand Thousand Billion
Short Tons Thousand Barrels Short Tons Barrels Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1950 Total .................... 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 629 NA 5 NA NA

1955 Total .................... 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153 NA 3 NA NA
1960 Total .................... 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,725 NA 2 NA NA
1965 Total .................... 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321 NA 3 NA NA
1970 Total .................... 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,932 NA 1 2 NA
1975 Total .................... 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,158 NA (s) 2 NA
1980 Total .................... 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,682 NA 3 2 NA
1985 Total .................... 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044 NA 8 7 NA
1990 Totalk .................. 781,301 16,394 183,285 25 1,008 204,745 3,147 6 106 180 (s)
1995 Total .................... 847,854 18,066 88,895 441 2,452 119,663 4,094 18 106 282 2
2000 Total .................... 982,713 29,722 138,047 403 3,155 183,946 5,014 19 126 294 1
2005 Total .................... 1,033,567 19,450 138,337 2,591 7,877 199,760 5,485 24 166 205 116
2006 Total .................... 1,022,802 12,578 56,347 1,783 6,905 105,235 5,891 28 163 216 117
2007 Total .................... 1,041,346 15,135 62,072 2,496 5,523 107,316 6,502 27 165 221 117
2008 Total .................... 1,036,891 12,318 37,222 2,608 5,000 77,149 6,342 23 159 242 122
2009 Total .................... 929,692 11,848 27,768 2,110 4,485 64,151 6,567 21 160 244 115
2010 Total .................... 971,245 13,677 23,560 1,848 4,679 62,477 7,085 20 177 249 116
2011 Total .................... 928,857 10,961 13,861 1,655 4,726 50,105 7,265 18 166 241 133
2012 Total .................... 820,762 9,000 11,292 1,339 2,861 35,937 8,788 19 171 250 132
2013 Total .................... 855,546 9,511 11,322 1,488 4,189 43,265 7,888 41 187 251 130
2014 Total .................... 848,803 14,052 14,132 2,157 4,039 50,537 7,849 29 220 266 127
2015 Total .................... 735,433 12,056 13,893 2,086 3,789 46,978 9,322 29 215 268 127
2016 Total .................... 674,239 9,421 11,056 1,284 4,018 41,853 9,590 20 191 261 126
2017 Total .................... 661,033 9,398 10,299 1,332 3,273 37,394 8,917 21 195 262 121
2018 Total .................... 633,593 13,795 12,259 1,757 3,444 45,030 10,215 21 189 257 125

2019 January ................ 55,611 1,160 982 286 313 3,991 815 2 17 20 11
February .............. 44,821 715 570 141 261 2,731 751 2 14 18 10
March ................... 43,799 708 602 113 222 2,531 782 2 14 19 11
April ..................... 33,185 623 614 121 139 2,055 712 2 11 18 10
May ...................... 39,832 805 731 116 280 3,050 809 2 14 19 11
June ..................... 44,040 786 785 126 202 2,708 962 2 14 19 11
July ...................... 55,665 742 891 131 285 3,189 1,223 2 16 20 12
August ................. 52,153 725 957 132 261 3,120 1,245 2 17 20 12
September ........... 47,008 688 781 138 216 2,689 1,051 2 15 19 11
October ................ 37,268 709 787 155 68 1,990 908 1 13 19 11
November ............ 41,727 749 710 107 116 2,144 789 2 13 19 11
December ............ 40,274 844 754 159 183 2,670 880 2 15 20 12
Total .................... 535,382 9,254 9,163 1,724 2,545 32,868 10,928 21 171 231 133
2020 January ................ 36,580 831 754 135 245 2,948 898 2 14 20 11
February .............. 31,854 675 608 114 178 2,285 847 2 14 18 10
March ................... 28,815 569 578 173 249 2,564 847 2 13 20 11
April ..................... 23,475 485 540 121 212 2,204 734 1 11 19 11
May ...................... 26,702 570 582 84 218 2,326 803 1 13 19 11
June ..................... 36,573 721 695 107 294 2,994 1,014 1 12 17 10
July ...................... 49,708 778 796 119 302 3,202 1,338 1 13 19 11
August ................. 50,371 715 794 118 280 3,026 1,246 2 16 19 11
September ........... 38,601 530 728 103 146 2,094 1,006 1 11 18 11
October ................ 33,788 685 783 126 119 2,187 924 1 12 18 10
November ............ 34,288 626 671 105 196 2,383 738 2 12 17 10
December ............ 43,425 749 712 109 265 2,896 840 2 14 19 11
Total .................... 434,178 7,935 8,242 1,415 2,703 31,109 11,235 16 154 222 130
2021 January ................ 45,255 634 835 114 255 2,860 834 2 13 19 11
February .............. 47,837 1,833 813 306 259 4,247 759 1 14 17 10
March ................... 34,336 622 639 90 242 2,562 715 1 14 19 11
April ..................... 29,915 631 593 98 141 2,025 724 1 10 18 10
May ...................... 35,444 658 647 63 187 2,304 787 1 13 18 10
June ..................... 47,811 647 712 120 181 2,384 1,052 1 14 18 10
July ...................... 56,160 596 721 100 257 2,701 1,200 2 15 19 11
August ................. 55,988 825 1,059 133 276 3,399 1,223 2 17 18 11
8-Month Total ..... 352,745 6,446 6,019 1,026 1,798 22,481 7,294 11 111 144 84
2020 8-Month Total ..... 284,077 5,344 5,348 971 1,977 21,549 7,727 10 105 150 87
2019 8-Month Total ..... 369,105 6,264 6,131 1,165 1,963 23,375 7,299 14 116 154 88

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
synfuel. technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. for electric utilities and independent power producers.
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949–1979, data are for steam plant use of NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
oil no. 4. Statistics," at end of section. • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity.
d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, Data also include fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small
propane. number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. • The electric
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from electricity and heat, to the public. • Totals may not equal sum of components
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas. due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
h Wood and wood-derived fuels. District of Columbia.
i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and beginning in 1973.
tire-derived fuels). Sources: See end of section.
 

134  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 7.3c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Commercial Sectora Industrial Sectorb

Biomass Biomass
Natural Natural Other
Coalc Petroleumd Gase Wastef Coalc Petroleumd Gase Gasesg Woodh Wastef Otheri

Thousand Thousand Billion Trillion Thousand Thousand Billion

Short Tons Barrels Cubic Feet Btu Short Tons Barrels Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1990 Total .................... 417 953 28 15 10,740 13,103 517 104 335 16 36
1995 Total .................... 569 649 43 21 12,171 12,265 601 114 373 13 40
2000 Total .................... 514 823 37 26 11,706 10,459 640 107 369 10 45
2005 Total .................... 377 585 34 20 7,504 6,440 518 85 189 5 46
2006 Total .................... 347 333 35 21 7,408 5,066 536 87 187 3 45
2007 Total .................... 361 258 34 19 5,089 5,041 554 88 188 4 41
2008 Total .................... 369 166 33 20 5,075 3,617 520 73 179 5 39
2009 Total .................... 317 190 34 23 4,674 3,328 520 62 160 4 42
2010 Total .................... 314 172 39 24 8,125 2,422 555 70 172 8 55
2011 Total .................... 347 137 47 31 5,735 2,145 572 74 182 7 57
2012 Total .................... 307 279 63 33 4,665 4,761 633 84 219 8 54
2013 Total .................... 513 335 67 36 4,670 3,892 642 74 210 11 50
2014 Total .................... 202 462 72 36 4,629 2,594 623 81 210 11 54
2015 Total .................... 163 260 70 35 3,999 1,907 625 77 191 10 58
2016 Total .................... 111 116 46 34 3,021 1,701 534 53 169 10 53
2017 Total .................... 95 204 50 34 2,783 1,545 541 49 169 8 49
2018 Total .................... 87 279 53 33 2,534 1,418 565 57 172 7 46

2019 January ................ 8 34 5 3 214 109 54 4 15 1 4

February .............. 8 16 4 2 197 97 46 4 13 1 3
March ................... 9 17 5 3 168 103 49 4 14 1 4
April ..................... 6 16 4 2 161 123 46 4 13 1 3
May ...................... 6 17 4 2 178 102 50 4 13 (s) 4
June ..................... 4 17 5 3 174 104 50 4 14 (s) 4
July ...................... 5 24 6 3 193 150 55 5 15 (s) 4
August ................. 5 21 5 3 190 110 56 5 15 (s) 4
September ........... 6 27 5 2 175 108 53 5 13 (s) 4
October ................ 6 23 4 2 157 109 52 4 14 1 4
November ............ 6 23 4 2 173 105 53 4 14 1 4
December ............ 7 23 5 3 180 107 55 5 14 1 4
Total .................... 76 257 56 30 2,161 1,329 618 51 167 6 45

2020 January ................ 6 24 5 2 187 109 56 4 14 1 3

February .............. 9 13 4 2 177 94 51 5 13 1 3
March ................... 6 17 4 2 168 97 51 4 14 1 3
April ..................... 4 12 4 2 144 72 45 4 13 (s) 3
May ...................... 4 20 4 2 142 96 46 4 13 (s) 3
June ..................... 5 20 4 2 130 101 50 4 13 (s) 3
July ...................... 5 25 5 2 143 109 53 4 13 (s) 3
August ................. 4 24 5 2 140 102 53 4 13 (s) 3
September ........... 7 23 5 2 149 89 48 4 13 (s) 3
October ................ 5 17 4 2 149 96 47 4 12 (s) 3
November ............ 6 20 4 2 144 106 48 4 14 (s) 3
December ............ 7 19 4 2 155 104 54 4 14 1 3
Total .................... 69 236 52 28 1,829 1,175 601 50 161 6 37

2021 January ................ 7 23 4 2 150 88 54 4 14 1 3

February .............. 11 27 4 2 141 113 41 3 12 (s) 2
March ................... 7 23 4 2 144 99 45 4 13 1 3
April ..................... 6 23 4 2 138 78 44 3 12 1 3
May ...................... 3 21 4 2 158 93 46 4 13 (s) 3
June ..................... 6 17 4 2 164 86 49 4 13 (s) 3
July ...................... 7 24 5 2 165 91 52 4 14 (s) 3
August ................. 8 23 5 2 168 95 51 4 13 (s) 10
8-Month Total ..... 56 181 33 18 1,228 744 381 30 105 4 30

2020 8-Month Total ..... 44 157 35 18 1,231 780 404 34 108 4 24

2019 8-Month Total ..... 51 161 37 20 1,476 899 405 33 111 4 30

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
plants. from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
plants. Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal Statistics," at end of section. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
synfuel. Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Data are for fuels consumed to produce
d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other electricity. Through 1988, data are not available. • Totals may not equal sum of
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane. components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. and the District of Columbia.
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1989.
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and Sources: • 1989–1997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
tire-derived fuels). EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998–2000: EIA, Form
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001–2003: EIA,
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas. Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004–2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
h Wood and wood-derived fuels. Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous • 2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  135 
Figure 7.4  Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output 
 

Coal by Sector,1989–2020 Petroleum by Sector,1989–2020

1.2 400

Total [a]

0.9 Electric Power 300

Billion Short Tons

Total [a]

Million Barrels
0.6 200

Electric Power

0.3 100

Industrial
Industrial

0.0 0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Natural Gas by Sector,1989–2020 Other Gases [b] by Sector,1989–2020

15 400
Total [a]

12
300
Trillion Cubic Feet

9
Trillion Btu

200
Total [a] Industrial
6

Electric Power Electric Power

100
3
Industrial

0 0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Wood by Sector,1989–2020 Waste by Sector,1989–2020

1.6 500
Total [a]
Total
400
1.2
Quadrillion Btu

Industrial 300
Trillion Btu

0.8
200
Electric Power

0.4
100 Industrial
Commercial
Electric Power

0.0 0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

[a] Includes commercial sector.  Note:  Data are for utility‐scale facilities. 
[b] Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity. 
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas.  Sources:  Tables 7.4a‐7.4c. 

136  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
 

Table 7.4a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.4b and 7.4c)
Petroleum Biomass
Distillate Residual Other Petroleum Natural Other
Coala Fuel Oilb Fuel Oilc Liquidsd Cokee Totale Gasf Gasesg Woodh Wastei Otherj
Thousand Thousand Thousand Billion
Short Tons Thousand Barrels Short Tons Barrels Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1950 Total .................... 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 629 NA 5 NA NA

1955 Total .................... 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153 NA 3 NA NA
1960 Total .................... 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,725 NA 2 NA NA
1965 Total .................... 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321 NA 3 NA NA
1970 Total .................... 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,932 NA 1 2 NA
1975 Total .................... 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,158 NA (s) 2 NA
1980 Total .................... 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,682 NA 3 2 NA
1985 Total .................... 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044 NA 8 7 NA
1990 Totalk .................. 811,538 20,194 209,081 1,332 2,832 244,765 4,346 288 1,256 257 86
1995 Total .................... 881,012 21,697 112,168 1,322 4,590 158,140 5,572 313 1,382 374 97
2000 Total .................... 1,015,398 34,572 156,673 2,904 4,669 217,494 6,677 356 1,380 401 109
2005 Total .................... 1,065,281 24,446 156,915 4,270 9,113 231,193 7,021 348 1,353 289 237
2006 Total .................... 1,053,783 14,655 69,846 3,396 8,622 131,005 7,404 341 1,399 300 247
2007 Total .................... 1,069,606 17,042 74,616 4,237 7,299 132,389 7,962 329 1,336 304 239
2008 Total .................... 1,064,503 14,137 43,477 3,765 6,314 92,948 7,689 300 1,263 328 212
2009 Total .................... 955,190 14,800 33,672 3,218 5,828 80,830 7,938 259 1,137 333 228
2010 Total .................... 1,001,411 15,247 26,944 2,777 6,053 75,231 8,502 262 1,226 346 237
2011 Total .................... 956,470 11,735 16,877 2,540 6,092 61,610 8,724 282 1,241 340 261
2012 Total .................... 845,066 9,945 13,571 2,185 5,021 50,805 10,371 302 1,273 355 252
2013 Total .................... 879,078 10,277 14,199 2,212 6,338 58,378 9,479 305 1,318 376 236
2014 Total .................... 871,741 15,107 16,615 2,908 5,695 63,106 9,410 304 1,378 395 236
2015 Total .................... 756,226 12,924 16,136 3,008 5,188 58,009 10,952 290 1,351 398 237
2016 Total .................... 693,958 10,278 12,231 2,173 5,352 51,441 11,322 296 1,330 383 238
2017 Total .................... 678,578 10,168 11,508 2,033 4,467 46,043 10,677 299 1,303 375 226
2018 Total .................... 650,027 15,066 13,584 2,578 4,552 53,988 12,039 353 1,291 367 226
2019 January ................ 57,146 1,427 1,121 362 399 4,905 982 24 112 29 21
February .............. 46,183 802 659 217 338 3,368 898 22 100 26 18
March ................... 45,088 779 685 172 308 3,175 937 24 105 28 19
April ..................... 34,362 680 679 201 227 2,693 854 23 96 26 18
May ...................... 40,956 967 785 177 364 3,747 957 23 101 26 19
June ..................... 45,168 839 840 183 287 3,295 1,112 22 101 26 19
July ...................... 56,813 806 942 180 385 3,851 1,386 25 108 26 20
August ................. 53,323 800 1,003 188 346 3,720 1,410 24 109 27 21
September ........... 48,103 768 841 198 310 3,356 1,206 23 101 25 19
October ................ 38,417 776 860 213 146 2,581 1,062 23 101 27 19
November ............ 42,926 821 787 267 186 2,803 947 23 103 27 19
December ............ 41,533 903 847 222 269 3,317 1,046 24 108 29 20
Total .................... 550,017 10,369 10,049 2,580 3,563 40,811 12,798 281 1,246 322 234
2020 January ................ 37,833 892 817 201 336 3,589 1,068 25 106 29 18
February .............. 33,056 723 676 166 239 2,757 1,004 25 100 26 17
March ................... 29,907 620 630 231 301 2,988 1,005 25 101 28 18
April ..................... 24,427 530 589 168 252 2,546 880 20 97 26 18
May ...................... 27,652 628 637 143 290 2,858 952 20 102 26 18
June ..................... 37,480 783 753 157 379 3,589 1,166 19 93 23 17
July ...................... 50,726 849 853 177 385 3,802 1,500 21 98 25 19
August ................. 51,362 785 864 164 371 3,669 1,408 22 99 25 19
September ........... 39,605 607 784 142 228 2,675 1,156 21 95 24 17
October ................ 34,881 758 839 181 205 2,803 1,077 22 97 25 18
November ............ 35,334 711 736 153 280 3,001 889 22 101 25 18
December ............ 44,612 817 804 164 353 3,550 1,009 22 108 28 19
Total .................... 446,874 8,705 8,982 2,048 3,618 37,827 13,113 264 1,198 310 216
2021 January ................ 46,433 711 920 161 340 3,490 1,001 23 104 27 18
February .............. 48,964 1,989 910 427 333 4,988 898 18 93 24 16
March ................... 35,429 740 712 138 325 3,214 863 21 100 27 18
April ..................... 30,983 713 659 143 214 2,586 867 20 95 25 16
May ...................... 36,516 734 714 123 270 2,919 932 19 104 25 16
June ..................... 48,919 715 765 175 255 2,930 1,202 20 100 23 17
July ...................... 57,369 677 782 145 338 3,295 1,359 21 108 25 18
August ................. 57,130 907 1,144 190 356 4,022 1,383 22 104 25 25
8-Month Total ..... 361,744 7,185 6,606 1,502 2,430 27,444 8,503 163 808 202 145

2020 8-Month Total ..... 292,441 5,811 5,819 1,407 2,552 25,798 8,983 177 797 208 144
2019 8-Month Total ..... 379,039 7,101 6,714 1,681 2,652 28,755 8,538 187 834 215 156

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
synfuel. tire-derived fuels).
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949–1979, data are for steam plant use of k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
oil no. 4. plants.
d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
propane. Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from Columbia.
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
h Wood and wood-derived fuels. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, beginning in 1973.
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes Sources: See "Table 7.4b Sources" at end of section and sources for Table 7.4c.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  137 
Table 7.4b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Petroleum Biomass

Distillate Residual Other Petroleum Natural Other

Coala Fuel Oilb Fuel Oilc Liquidsd Cokee Totale Gasf Gasesg Woodh Wastei Otherj
Thousand Thousand Thousand Billion
Short Tons Thousand Barrels Short Tons Barrels Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1950 Total .................... 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 629 NA 5 NA NA

1955 Total .................... 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153 NA 3 NA NA
1960 Total .................... 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,725 NA 2 NA NA
1965 Total .................... 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321 NA 3 NA NA
1970 Total .................... 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,932 NA 1 2 NA
1975 Total .................... 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,158 NA (s) 2 NA
1980 Total .................... 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,682 NA 3 2 NA
1985 Total .................... 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044 NA 8 7 NA
1990 Totalk .................. 782,567 16,567 184,915 26 1,008 206,550 3,245 11 129 188 (s)
1995 Total .................... 850,230 18,553 90,023 499 2,674 122,447 4,237 24 125 296 2
2000 Total .................... 985,821 30,016 138,513 454 3,275 185,358 5,206 25 134 318 1
2005 Total .................... 1,037,485 19,675 139,409 2,685 8,083 202,184 5,869 84 185 221 123
2006 Total .................... 1,026,636 12,646 57,345 1,870 7,101 107,365 6,222 65 182 231 125
2007 Total .................... 1,045,141 15,327 63,086 2,594 5,685 109,431 6,841 61 186 237 124
2008 Total .................... 1,040,580 12,547 38,241 2,670 5,119 79,056 6,668 61 177 258 131
2009 Total .................... 933,627 12,035 28,782 2,210 4,611 66,081 6,873 55 180 261 124
2010 Total .................... 975,052 13,790 24,503 1,877 4,777 64,055 7,387 52 196 264 124
2011 Total .................... 932,484 11,021 14,803 1,658 4,837 51,667 7,574 50 182 255 143
2012 Total .................... 823,551 9,080 12,203 1,339 2,974 37,495 9,111 54 190 262 143
2013 Total .................... 857,962 9,598 12,283 1,489 4,285 44,794 8,191 60 207 262 139
2014 Total .................... 851,602 14,235 15,132 2,208 4,132 52,235 8,146 44 251 279 137
2015 Total .................... 738,444 12,193 14,929 2,131 3,907 48,787 9,613 44 244 281 136
2016 Total .................... 678,554 9,510 11,242 1,322 4,138 42,763 9,985 45 224 281 139
2017 Total .................... 664,993 9,481 10,464 1,375 3,399 38,318 9,266 46 229 280 132
2018 Total .................... 637,217 13,967 12,446 1,855 3,549 46,013 10,590 47 221 275 136
2019 January ................ 55,967 1,181 1,009 297 322 4,096 849 4 19 22 12
February .............. 45,124 729 586 142 271 2,809 779 4 16 19 11
March ................... 44,098 714 618 114 231 2,602 814 5 16 21 12
April ..................... 33,429 627 629 122 151 2,132 740 4 14 20 11
May ...................... 40,045 812 745 117 289 3,117 836 4 16 21 12
June ..................... 44,297 790 799 127 210 2,768 991 4 16 20 12
July ...................... 55,932 745 902 132 295 3,255 1,255 4 19 21 13
August ................. 52,431 730 967 133 270 3,179 1,278 4 19 21 13
September ........... 47,249 693 799 139 226 2,760 1,081 4 17 20 12
October ................ 37,523 714 804 157 70 2,027 937 3 15 21 12
November ............ 41,977 754 725 109 126 2,218 819 4 16 20 12
December ............ 40,534 849 769 160 194 2,749 912 4 18 22 13
Total .................... 538,606 9,336 9,352 1,750 2,655 33,712 11,288 47 201 248 145
2020 January ................ 36,808 835 763 137 256 3,016 931 4 17 21 12
February .............. 32,067 679 616 115 188 2,350 879 4 16 20 11
March ................... 28,979 574 587 175 258 2,628 879 4 15 21 12
April ..................... 23,624 492 551 122 222 2,277 764 3 13 20 12
May ...................... 26,870 575 593 85 229 2,399 834 3 15 20 12
June ..................... 36,746 726 705 108 301 3,045 1,046 2 15 18 11
July ...................... 49,930 782 809 120 309 3,256 1,372 2 16 20 12
August ................. 50,590 720 806 120 289 3,088 1,280 4 19 20 12
September ........... 38,788 535 741 104 156 2,162 1,038 3 13 19 11
October ................ 33,997 692 799 128 128 2,260 954 3 14 19 11
November ............ 34,473 632 689 106 207 2,461 767 4 15 19 11
December ............ 43,653 755 737 111 275 2,978 873 4 17 21 12
Total .................... 436,524 7,999 8,396 1,430 2,819 31,921 11,616 40 185 238 142

2021 January ................ 45,498 638 856 117 268 2,950 866 4 16 20 12
February .............. 48,101 1,881 834 320 269 4,379 788 2 16 18 11
March ................... 34,551 627 657 91 252 2,633 744 3 17 20 12
April ..................... 30,104 636 611 99 149 2,089 754 3 13 19 11
May ...................... 35,622 666 659 64 195 2,363 816 3 15 19 11
June ..................... 48,053 653 722 121 190 2,447 1,082 3 17 19 11
July ...................... 56,430 601 738 101 268 2,782 1,231 4 18 20 12
August ................. 56,269 831 1,076 135 294 3,513 1,256 4 19 19 12
8-Month Total ..... 354,628 6,533 6,155 1,048 1,884 23,157 7,537 25 132 155 90
2020 8-Month Total ..... 285,613 5,385 5,430 981 2,053 22,061 7,984 26 126 160 95
2019 8-Month Total ..... 371,323 6,327 6,254 1,185 2,038 23,958 7,540 32 136 166 97

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal tire-derived fuels).
synfuel. j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949–1979, data are for steam plant use of for electric utilities and independent power producers.
petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
oil no. 4. Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, Statistics," at end of section. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only
propane. and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • Totals
f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
h Wood and wood-derived fuels. and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, beginning in 1973.
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes Sources: See end of section.
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
 

138  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 7.4c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Commercial Sectora Industrial Sectorb
Biomass Biomass
Natural Natural Other
Coalc Petroleumd Gase Wastef Coalc Petroleumd Gase Gasesg Woodh Wastef Otheri
Thousand Thousand Billion Trillion Thousand Thousand Billion
Short Tons Barrels Cubic Feet Btu Short Tons Barrels Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1990 Total .................... 1,191 2,056 46 28 27,781 36,159 1,055 275 1,125 41 86
1995 Total .................... 1,419 1,245 78 40 29,363 34,448 1,258 290 1,255 38 95
2000 Total .................... 1,547 1,615 85 47 28,031 30,520 1,386 331 1,244 35 108
2005 Total .................... 1,922 1,630 68 34 25,875 27,380 1,084 264 1,166 34 94
2006 Total .................... 1,886 935 68 36 25,262 22,706 1,115 277 1,216 33 102
2007 Total .................... 1,927 752 70 31 22,537 22,207 1,050 268 1,148 36 98
2008 Total .................... 2,021 671 66 34 21,902 13,222 955 239 1,084 35 60
2009 Total .................... 1,798 521 76 36 19,766 14,228 990 204 955 35 82
2010 Total .................... 1,720 437 86 36 24,638 10,740 1,029 210 1,029 47 91
2011 Total .................... 1,668 333 87 43 22,319 9,610 1,063 232 1,057 43 94
2012 Total .................... 1,450 457 111 45 20,065 12,853 1,149 249 1,082 47 81
2013 Total .................... 1,356 887 118 47 19,761 12,697 1,170 246 1,109 67 69
2014 Total .................... 1,063 758 119 47 19,076 10,112 1,145 260 1,122 70 72
2015 Total .................... 798 622 116 47 16,984 8,600 1,222 246 1,103 70 73
2016 Total .................... 683 404 127 48 14,720 8,273 1,209 251 1,100 54 70
2017 Total .................... 610 516 154 48 12,975 7,209 1,257 253 1,069 47 65
2018 Total .................... 577 681 135 47 12,233 7,294 1,314 306 1,065 45 62

2019 January ................ 59 100 12 4 1,119 708 121 20 92 4 6

February .............. 54 51 11 3 1,005 508 108 18 83 4 5
March ................... 58 53 11 3 932 521 113 20 89 4 5
April ..................... 40 39 10 3 893 522 105 19 82 3 5
May ...................... 38 137 10 3 873 493 111 19 85 2 5
June ..................... 27 29 11 3 844 498 111 19 84 3 5
July ...................... 35 48 13 3 846 548 118 21 89 2 5
August ................. 37 44 12 3 854 498 120 20 90 2 5
September ........... 40 54 11 3 814 541 114 20 83 2 5
October ................ 37 44 11 3 856 510 114 19 86 3 5
November ............ 44 55 11 3 904 530 117 19 86 4 5
December ............ 49 52 12 3 950 516 122 20 90 4 5
Total .................... 519 707 135 39 10,892 6,393 1,374 234 1,040 35 61
2020 January ................ 41 60 12 3 984 514 125 21 88 4 4
February .............. 49 37 11 3 940 370 114 21 84 4 4
March ................... 41 37 11 3 887 323 115 20 85 3 4
April ..................... 29 24 10 3 774 245 107 17 83 3 4
May ...................... 32 42 10 3 750 417 108 18 87 3 4
June ..................... 35 38 10 3 699 505 110 17 78 2 4
July ...................... 35 53 12 3 761 493 116 18 82 2 4
August ................. 37 57 12 3 735 523 116 18 80 2 4
September ........... 41 45 11 3 775 467 107 18 82 2 4
October ................ 34 35 10 3 850 508 112 19 83 3 4
November ............ 36 45 10 3 826 495 111 18 86 3 4
December ............ 50 45 11 3 909 527 125 18 90 4 5
Total .................... 459 518 130 36 9,890 5,387 1,367 223 1,008 36 50
2021 January ................ 49 58 12 3 886 481 123 19 88 4 4
February .............. 60 92 11 3 803 518 99 16 76 3 4
March ................... 45 58 11 3 833 523 108 18 83 4 4
April ..................... 37 52 9 3 843 445 104 17 82 3 4
May ...................... 33 50 9 3 861 506 106 17 88 3 4
June ..................... 38 42 10 3 828 440 110 16 83 2 4
July ...................... 41 50 11 3 898 463 117 17 89 2 4
August ................. 43 47 12 3 818 462 115 18 84 2 11
8-Month Total ..... 346 448 85 24 6,771 3,838 882 138 673 24 39
2020 8-Month Total ..... 298 348 87 24 6,530 3,390 911 151 668 24 32
2019 8-Month Total ..... 348 501 90 26 7,367 4,296 907 155 695 23 41

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
plants. technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
plants. Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal Statistics," at end of section. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
synfuel. Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of
d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane. and the District of Columbia.
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1989.
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes Sources: • 1989–1997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998–2000: EIA, Form
tire-derived fuels). EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001–2003: EIA,
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004–2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas. Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
h Wood and wood-derived fuels. • 2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  139 
Figure 7.5  Stocks of Coal and Petroleum:  Electric Power Sector 
 

Coal, 1949–2020
250

200
Million Short Tons

150

100

50

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Total Petroleum, 1949–2020

200

150
Million Barrels

100

50

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Coal, Monthly Total Petroleum, Monthly

180 40

150
30
Million Short Tons

120
Million Barrels

90 20

60
10
30
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021

0 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

 
 

Note:  Data are for utility‐sale facilities.   
Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity. 
Source:  Table 7.5. 

140  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector
Petroleum

Coala Distillate Fuel Oilb Residual Fuel Oilc Other Liquidsd Petroleum Cokee Totale,f

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels

1950 Year ............................. 31,842 NA NA NA NA 10,201

1955 Year ............................. 41,391 NA NA NA NA 13,671
1960 Year ............................. 51,735 NA NA NA NA 19,572
1965 Year ............................. 54,525 NA NA NA NA 25,647
1970 Year ............................. 71,908 NA NA NA 239 39,151
1975 Year ............................. 110,724 16,432 108,825 NA 31 125,413
1980 Year ............................. 183,010 30,023 105,351 NA 52 135,635
1985 Year ............................. 156,376 16,386 57,304 NA 49 73,933
1990 Year ............................. 156,166 16,471 67,030 NA 94 83,970
1995 Year ............................. 126,304 15,392 35,102 NA 65 50,821
2000 Yearg ........................... 102,296 15,127 24,748 NA 211 40,932
2005 Year ............................. 101,137 18,778 27,624 NA 530 50,062
2006 Year ............................. 140,964 18,013 28,823 1,380 674 51,583
2007 Year ............................. 151,221 18,395 24,136 1,902 554 47,203
2008 Year ............................. 161,589 17,761 21,088 1,634 739 44,178
2009 Year ............................. 189,467 17,886 19,068 1,651 1,394 45,575
2010 Year ............................. 174,917 16,758 16,629 1,454 1,019 39,936
2011 Year ............................. 172,387 16,649 15,491 1,603 508 36,282
2012 Year ............................. 185,116 16,433 12,999 1,430 495 33,336
2013 Year ............................. 147,884 16,068 12,926 1,393 390 32,336
2014 Year ............................. 151,548 18,309 12,764 1,249 827 36,459
2015 Year ............................. 195,548 17,955 12,566 1,173 1,340 38,396
2016 Year ............................. 162,009 17,855 11,789 949 845 34,818
2017 Year ............................. 137,687 16,342 10,930 816 864 32,407
2018 Year ............................. 102,793 16,436 8,785 756 539 28,674

2019 January ........................ 99,145 16,430 8,672 689 528 28,429

February ...................... 98,637 16,462 9,011 680 505 28,680
March ........................... 96,932 16,489 9,034 679 503 28,715
April ............................. 108,072 16,635 9,007 688 513 28,895
May .............................. 115,700 16,716 8,994 697 444 28,625
June ............................. 116,861 16,632 8,854 700 388 28,125
July .............................. 110,661 16,554 8,570 703 354 27,599
August ......................... 110,268 16,413 8,090 706 380 27,109
September ................... 110,615 16,460 8,281 708 292 26,910
October ........................ 118,566 16,557 8,156 701 292 26,876
November .................... 122,357 16,434 8,563 722 464 28,038
December ................... 128,176 16,733 8,549 678 471 28,317
2020 January ........................ 134,352 16,414 8,076 630 508 27,660
February ...................... 139,280 16,246 8,129 620 600 27,994
March ........................... 145,218 16,496 8,286 549 541 28,036
April ............................. 151,723 16,369 8,480 546 541 28,102
May .............................. 154,037 16,567 8,422 535 529 28,169
June ............................. 150,406 16,515 8,505 525 480 27,944
July .............................. 137,956 17,174 8,560 499 456 28,511
August ......................... 129,645 16,925 7,773 518 408 27,257
September ................... 129,079 17,011 8,212 514 417 27,820
October ........................ 133,421 16,954 8,270 506 457 28,014
November .................... 136,168 16,768 8,156 500 472 27,786
December ................... 132,723 16,796 8,251 500 298 27,038

2021 January ........................ 125,399 16,742 8,211 497 253 26,715

February ...................... 109,717 16,052 8,063 469 207 25,621
March ........................... 111,815 15,936 8,004 463 227 25,537
April ............................. 117,835 15,578 7,820 461 353 25,626
May .............................. 120,343 15,471 7,651 456 398 25,567
June ............................. 111,209 15,334 7,465 447 445 25,471
July .............................. 97,166 15,298 7,215 465 445 25,205
August ......................... 84,306 15,197 6,810 459 360 24,269

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite; excludes waste primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • Stocks
coal. are at end of period. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2 and 4. For 1973–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
combustion plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also Columbia.
include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973–1979, data are for steam plant stocks of and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel beginning in 1973.
oil no. 4. Sources: • 1949–September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4,
d Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of "Monthly Power Plant Report." • October 1977–1981: Federal Energy Regulatory
waste oil. Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." • 1982–1988: U.S.
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
f Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. Beginning in 1970, also includes Report." • 1989–1997: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and
petroleum coke. Beginning in 2002, also includes other liquids. Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998–2000: EIA,
g Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
for electric utilities and independent power producers. Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001–2003: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
NA=Not available. Report." • 2004–2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
Notes: • Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward: EIA, Form
Statistics," at end of section. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  141 
Figure 7.6  Electricity End Use 
                           (Billion Kilowatthours) 
 

Electricity End Use Overview,1989–2020 Retail Sales [a] by Sector, August 2021
5,000 200

Total 158.2
4,000
150
Retail Sales [a] 130.8

3,000
100 90.1

2,000

50
1,000

Direct Use [b]

0.6
0 0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Residential Commercial [c] Industrial Transportation [d]
 
 

Retail Sales [a] by Sector, 1949–2020

2,000

Residential
1,500

Commercial [c]

1,000
Industrial

500

Transportation [d]
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Retail Sales [a] by Sector, Monthly Retail Sales [a] Total, January–August
200 3,000
2,567 2,564
2,470
2,500
150
Residential
2,000

100 Commercial [c] 1,500

Industrial
50 1,000

500
Transportation [d]
0
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
0
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
 

[a] Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by utilities and  departmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 
other energy service providers.  [d] Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways. 
[b] See “Direct Use” in Glossary.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity. 
[c] Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, inter‐  Source:  Table 7.6. 

142  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 7.6 Electricity End Use
(Million Kilowatthours)

Retail Salesa

Transpor- Total Total

Residential Commercialb Industrialc tationd Retail Salese Direct Usef End Useg

1950 Total .................... 72,200 E 65,971 146,479 E 6,793 291,443 NA 291,443

1955 Total .................... 128,401 E 102,547 259,974 E 5,826 496,748 NA 496,748
1960 Total .................... 201,463 E 159,144 324,402 E 3,066 688,075 NA 688,075
1965 Total .................... 291,013 E 231,126 428,727 E 2,923 953,789 NA 953,789
1970 Total .................... 466,291 E 352,041 570,854 E 3,115 1,392,300 NA 1,392,300
1975 Total .................... 588,140 E 468,296 687,680 E 2,974 1,747,091 NA 1,747,091
1980 Total .................... 717,495 558,643 815,067 3,244 2,094,449 NA 2,094,449
1985 Total .................... 793,934 689,121 836,772 4,147 2,323,974 NA 2,323,974
1990 Total .................... 924,019 838,263 945,522 4,751 2,712,555 124,529 2,837,084
1995 Total .................... 1,042,501 953,117 1,012,693 4,975 3,013,287 150,677 3,163,963
2000 Total .................... 1,192,446 1,159,347 1,064,239 5,382 3,421,414 170,943 3,592,357
2005 Total .................... 1,359,227 1,275,079 1,019,156 7,506 3,660,969 150,016 3,810,984
2006 Total .................... 1,351,520 1,299,744 1,011,298 7,358 3,669,919 146,927 3,816,845
2007 Total .................... 1,392,241 1,336,315 1,027,832 8,173 3,764,561 125,670 3,890,231
2008 Total .................... 1,380,662 1,336,133 1,009,516 7,653 3,733,965 132,197 3,866,161
2009 Total .................... 1,364,758 1,306,853 917,416 7,768 3,596,795 126,938 3,723,733
2010 Total .................... 1,445,708 1,330,199 971,221 7,712 3,754,841 131,910 3,886,752
2011 Total .................... 1,422,801 1,328,057 991,316 7,672 3,749,846 132,754 3,882,600
2012 Total .................... 1,374,515 1,327,101 985,714 7,320 3,694,650 137,657 3,832,306
2013 Total .................... 1,394,812 1,337,079 985,352 7,625 3,724,868 143,462 3,868,330
2014 Total .................... 1,407,208 1,352,158 997,576 7,758 3,764,700 138,574 3,903,274
2015 Total .................... 1,404,096 1,360,752 986,508 7,637 3,758,992 141,168 3,900,160
2016 Total .................... 1,411,058 1,367,191 976,715 7,497 3,762,462 139,844 3,902,306
2017 Total .................... 1,378,648 1,352,888 984,298 7,523 3,723,356 141,114 3,864,470
2018 Total .................... 1,469,093 1,381,755 1,000,673 7,665 3,859,185 144,114 4,003,299

2019 January ................ 133,318 112,012 82,610 670 328,609 E 12,544 341,154
February .............. 116,608 102,071 76,447 672 295,798 E 10,958 306,756
March ................... 112,605 107,468 81,093 686 301,853 E 11,737 313,589
April ..................... 90,384 102,446 80,460 610 273,900 E 10,925 284,825
May ...................... 100,331 111,201 84,661 608 296,802 E 11,430 308,232
June ..................... 120,116 115,745 84,992 608 321,462 E 11,743 333,205
July ...................... 153,749 130,951 90,752 642 376,095 E 12,814 388,909
August ................. 150,083 130,776 91,062 653 372,574 E 12,845 385,419
September ........... 131,567 122,059 86,160 677 340,463 E 12,048 352,511
October ................ 107,997 115,305 84,396 543 308,241 E 11,808 320,050
November ............ 102,453 102,840 79,625 614 285,532 E 12,023 297,556
December ............ 121,078 108,001 80,095 648 309,823 E 12,582 322,405
Total .................... 1,440,289 1,360,877 1,002,353 7,632 3,811,150 143,458 3,954,609

2020 January ................ 124,413 108,903 77,339 664 311,318 E 12,780 324,098
February .............. 111,929 101,904 75,664 622 290,120 E 11,746 301,866
March ................... 104,006 102,937 77,658 577 285,177 E 11,846 297,023
April ..................... 97,465 90,631 69,591 458 258,145 E 10,676 268,821
May ...................... 105,412 93,406 71,220 448 270,486 E 10,875 281,361
June ..................... 131,242 108,699 75,230 480 315,651 E 11,273 326,924
July ...................... 166,891 126,010 81,278 555 374,734 E 11,943 386,677
August ................. 158,801 122,035 82,852 525 364,212 E 11,930 376,142
September ........... 127,706 112,297 77,468 532 318,002 E 11,067 329,069
October ................ 105,145 107,404 79,079 514 292,142 E 10,778 302,920
November ............ 99,444 97,091 75,866 525 272,926 E 11,135 284,061
December ............ 129,504 104,403 76,289 632 310,828 E 12,302 323,130
Total .................... 1,461,958 1,275,718 919,533 6,532 3,663,741 E 138,351 3,802,093

2021 January ................ 137,243 104,192 79,222 563 321,219 E 12,135 333,354
February .............. 127,076 98,175 73,246 554 299,051 E 9,828 308,878
March ................... 114,598 102,270 76,331 543 293,741 E 10,562 304,303
April ..................... 94,211 98,289 78,806 501 271,806 E 10,182 281,989
May ...................... 101,496 104,428 82,747 472 289,143 E 10,701 299,844
June ..................... 132,711 118,843 85,383 504 337,442 E 11,187 348,628
July ...................... 154,912 127,133 89,387 544 371,976 E 11,925 383,901
August ................. 158,213 130,842 90,136 561 379,752 E 12,873 392,625
8-Month Total ..... 1,020,459 884,171 655,257 4,242 2,564,129 E 89,393 2,653,522

2020 8-Month Total ..... 1,000,159 854,524 610,832 4,329 2,469,843 E 93,069 2,562,912
2019 8-Month Total ..... 977,194 912,671 672,077 5,150 2,567,092 E 94,997 2,662,088

a Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
and, beginning in 1996, other energy service providers. g The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."
b Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.
c Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
beginning in 2003, includes agriculture and irrigation. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
d Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity
e The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation." (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and
f Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same monthly data beginning in 1973.
entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a Sources: See end of section.
service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  143 
Electricity
Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Data in Section 7 cover the following:   

Through 1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that 
generated electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilities exclude institutions and 
military facilities. Beginning in 1989, data for the commercial sector include institutions and military facilities.  

The generation, consumption, and stocks data in Section 7 are for utility‐scale facilities—those with a combined 
generation nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or more.  Data exclude distributed (small‐scale) facilities—those with a 
combined generator nameplate capacity of less than 1 megawatt.  For data on distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) 
generation in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, see Table 10.6. 

Note 2.  Classification of Power Plants into Energy‐Use Sectors.  The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 
classifies power plants (both electricity‐only and combined‐heat‐and‐power plants) into energy‐use sectors based on the 
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system 
in 1997.  Plants with a NAICS code of 22 are assigned to the Electric Power Sector.  Those with NAICS codes beginning 
with 11 (agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 31–
33 (manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and 22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned to the 
Industrial Sector.  Those with all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector.  Form EIA‐860, "Annual Electric 
Generator Report," asks respondents to indicate the primary purpose of the facility by assigning a NAICS code from the 
list at http://www.eia.gov/survey/form/eia_860/instructions.pdf. 

Note 3. Electricity Forecast Values.  Data values preceded by "F" in this section are forecast values. They are derived 
from EIA's Short‐Term Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS). STIFS is driven primarily by data and assumptions about 
key macroeconomic variables, energy prices, and weather. The electricity forecast relies on additional variables such as 
alternative fuel prices (natural gas and oil) and power generation by sources other than fossil fuels, including nuclear, 
renewables, and hydroelectric power. Each month, EIA staff review the model output and make adjustments, if 
appropriate, based on their knowledge of developments in the electricity industry.  

The STIFS model results are published monthly in EIA's Short‐Term Energy Outlook, which is accessible on the Web at 
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/. 

Table 7.1 Sources 
Net Generation, Electric Power Sector
1949 forward:  Table 7.2b. 

Net Generation, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

1949 forward: Table 7.2c. 

Trade
1949–September 1977:  Unpublished Federal Power Commission data. 

October 1977–1980:  Unpublished Economic Regulatory Administration (ERA) data.     

1981:  U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Emergency Operations, "Report on Electric Energy Exchanges 
with Canada and Mexico for Calendar Year 1981," April 1982 (revised June 1982). 

1982 and 1983:  DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across International Borders.  

1984–1986:  DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Across International Borders.   

1987 and 1988:  DOE, ERA, Form ERA‐781R, "Annual Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data."    

1989:  DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE‐781R, "Annual Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data." 

144  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
 

1990–2000: National Energy Board of Canada; and DOE, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form          
FE‐781R, "Annual Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data." 

2001–May 2011: National Energy Board of Canada; DOE, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form        
OE‐781R, "Monthly Electricity Imports and Exports Report," and predecessor form; and California Independent System 
Operator. 

June 2011–2015: National Energy Board of Canada; California Independent System Operator; and EIA estimates for 
Texas transfers. 

2016 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐111, "Quarterly Electricity Imports and Exports Report"; and for forecast values, EIA Short‐
Term Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS). 

T&D Losses and Unaccounted for

1949 forward:  Calculated as the sum of total net generation and imports minus end use and exports. 

End Use
1949 forward:  Table 7.6. 

Table 7.2b Sources 
1949–September 1977:  Federal Power Commission, Form FPC‐4, "Monthly Power Plant Report."   

October 1977–1981:  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC‐4, "Monthly Power Plant Report."   

1982–1988:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA‐759, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 

1989–1997:  EIA, Form EIA‐759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer 
Report." 

1998–2000:  EIA, Form EIA‐759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—
Nonutility."  

2001–2003:  EIA, Form EIA‐906, "Power Plant Report."  

2004–2007:  EIA, Form EIA‐906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 

2008 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report". 

Table 7.2c Sources 
Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power, 1949–1988  
1949–September 1977:  Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC‐4, "Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with 
generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FPC, Form FPC‐12C, "Industrial Electric Generating Capacity," for all 
other plants. 

October 1977–1978:  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC‐4, "Monthly Power Plant Report," for 
plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FERC, Form FPC‐12C, "Industrial Electric Generating 
Capacity," for all other plants. 

1979:  FERC, Form FPC‐4, "Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, 
and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates for all other plants. 

1980–1988:  Estimated by EIA as the average generation over the 6‐year period of 1974–1979. 

All Data, 1989 Forward

1989–1997:  EIA, Form EIA‐867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  145 
 

1998–2000:  EIA, Form EIA‐860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." 

2001–2003:  EIA, Form EIA‐906, "Power Plant Report." 

2004–2007:  EIA, Form EIA‐906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 

2008 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report". 

Table 7.3b Sources 
1949–September 1977:  Federal Power Commission, Form FPC‐4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 

October 1977–1981:  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC‐4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 

1982–1988:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA‐759, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 

1989–1997:  EIA, Form EIA‐759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer 
Report." 

1998–2000:  EIA, Form EIA‐759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—
Nonutility." 

2001–2003:  EIA, Form EIA‐906, "Power Plant Report." 

2004–2007:  EIA, Form EIA‐906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 

2008 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report". 

Table 7.4b Sources 
1949–September 1977:  Federal Power Commission, Form FPC‐4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 

October 1977–1981:  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC‐4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 

1982–1988:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA‐759, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 

1989–1997:  EIA, Form EIA‐759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer 
Report." 

1998–2000:  EIA, Form EIA‐759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—
Nonutility." 

2001–2003:  EIA, Form EIA‐906, "Power Plant Report."  

2004–2007:  EIA, Form EIA‐906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA‐920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 

2008 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report". 

Table 7.6 Sources 
Retail Sales, Residential and Industrial
1949–September 1977:  Federal Power Commission, Form FPC‐5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and 
Income."  

October 1977–February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC‐5, "Monthly Statement of 
Electric Operating Revenue and Income."  

March 1980–1982:  FERC, Form FPC‐5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."  

 
146  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
1983:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA‐826, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."   

1984–2003:  EIA, Form EIA‐861, "Annual Electric Utility Report."  

2004 forward:  EIA, Electric Power Monthly (EPM) October 2021, Table 5.1. 

Retail Sales, Commercial

1949–2002:  Data are estimates.  See estimation methodology at 
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf. 

2003:  EIA, Form EIA‐861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." 

2004 forward:  EIA, EPM, October 2021, Table 5.1. 

Retail Sales, Transportation

1949–2002:  Data are estimates.  See estimation methodology at 
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf. 

2003:  EIA, Form EIA‐861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." 

2004 forward:  EIA, EPM October 2021, Table 5.1. 

Direct Use, Annual

1989–1997: EIA, Form EIA‐867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 

1998–2000: EIA, Form EIA‐860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." 

2001–2019: EIA, Electric Power Annual 2019, February 2021, Table 2.2. 

2020: Sum of monthly estimates. 

Direct Use, Monthly

1989 forward:  Annual shares are calculated as annual direct use divided by annual commercial and industrial net 
generation (on Table 7.1).  Then monthly direct use estimates are calculated as the annual share multiplied by the 
monthly commercial and industrial net generation values.  For 2020, the 2019 annual share is used. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  147 
 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

 
 

8. Nuclear
Energy
Figure 8.1  Nuclear Energy Overview 
 

Electricity Net Generation,1957–2020

5

Total
4
Trillion Kilowatthours

1 Nuclear Electric Power

0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation,1957–2020

25

20

15
Percent

10

0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Nuclear Electricity Net Generation–August Capacity Factor, Monthly

80 120
71.911
68.982 69.673
100

60
80
Billion Kilowatthours

Percent

60
40
40

20 20
2019 2020 2021

0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear.   
Sources:  Tables 7.2a and 8.1. 
 

150  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview
Total Net Summer Nuclear Share
Operable Capacity of Nuclear Electricity of Electricity
Unitsa,b Operable Unitsb,c Net Generation Net Generation Capacity Factord

Number Million Kilowatts Million Kilowatthours Percent

1957 Total .......................... 1 0.055 10 (s) NA

1960 Total .......................... 3 .411 518 .1 NA
1965 Total .......................... 13 .793 3,657 .3 NA
1970 Total .......................... 20 7.004 21,804 1.4 NA
1975 Total .......................... 57 37.267 172,505 9.0 55.9
1980 Total .......................... 71 51.810 251,116 11.0 56.3
1985 Total .......................... 96 79.397 383,691 15.5 58.0
1990 Total .......................... 112 99.624 576,862 19.0 66.0
1995 Total .......................... 109 99.515 673,402 20.1 77.4
2000 Total .......................... 104 97.860 753,893 19.8 88.1
2005 Total .......................... 104 99.988 781,986 19.3 89.3
2006 Total .......................... 104 100.334 787,219 19.4 89.6
2007 Total .......................... 104 100.266 806,425 19.4 91.8
2008 Total .......................... 104 100.755 806,208 19.6 d 91.1
2009 Total .......................... 104 101.004 798,855 20.2 90.3
2010 Total .......................... 104 101.167 806,968 19.6 91.1
2011 Total .......................... 104 c 101.419 790,204 19.3 89.1
2012 Total .......................... 104 101.885 769,331 19.0 86.1
2013 Total .......................... 100 99.240 789,016 19.4 89.9
2014 Total .......................... 99 98.569 797,166 19.5 91.7
2015 Total .......................... 99 98.672 797,178 19.6 92.3
2016 Total .......................... 99 99.565 805,694 19.8 92.3
2017 Total .......................... 99 99.629 804,950 20.0 92.3
2018 Total .......................... 98 99.433 807,084 19.3 92.5

2019 January ...................... 98 99.440 73,701 20.5 99.6

February .................... 98 99.440 64,715 20.5 96.8
March ......................... 98 99.440 65,080 19.9 88.0
April ........................... 98 99.595 60,581 20.4 84.5
May ............................ 97 98.922 67,124 20.3 90.8
June ........................... 97 98.922 68,805 19.5 96.6
July ............................ 97 98.922 72,199 17.6 98.1
August ....................... 97 98.922 71,911 17.9 97.7
September ................. 96 98.119 66,064 18.3 93.1
October ...................... 96 98.119 62,033 19.4 85.0
November .................. 96 98.119 64,125 20.3 90.8
December .................. 96 98.119 73,074 21.6 100.1
Total .......................... 96 98.119 809,409 19.6 93.4

2020 January ...................... 96 E 98.128 74,170 21.8 E 101.6

February .................... 96 E 98.128 65,950 20.7 E 96.6
March ......................... 96 E 98.128 63,997 20.8 E 87.7
April ........................... 95 E 97.116 59,170 21.4 E 83.8
May ............................ 95 E 97.116 64,338 21.1 E 89.1
June ........................... 95 E 97.116 67,205 19.1 E 96.1
July ............................ 95 E 97.116 69,385 16.7 E 96.0
August ....................... 95 E 96.515 68,982 17.3 E 95.9
September ................. 94 E 96.515 65,727 19.7 E 94.6
October ...................... 94 E 96.555 59,362 18.9 E 82.6
November .................. 94 E 96.555 61,760 20.4 E 88.8
December .................. 94 E 96.555 69,871 20.3 E 97.3
Total .......................... 94 E 96.555 789,919 19.7 E 92.5

2021 January ...................... 94 E 96.438 71,832 20.5 E 100.2

February .................... 94 E 96.435 62,954 19.3 E 97.1
March ......................... 94 E 96.435 63,708 20.5 E 88.8
April ........................... 93 E 95.388 57,092 19.5 E 82.3
May ............................ 93 E 95.388 62,053 19.5 E 87.4
June ........................... 93 E 95.388 66,070 17.7 E 96.2
July ............................ 93 E 95.464 68,832 17.0 E 96.9
August ....................... 93 E 95.464 69,673 16.8 E 98.1
8-Month Total ........... 93 E 95.464 522,215 18.7 E 93.4

2020 8-Month Total ........... 95 E 96.515 533,198 19.7 E 93.4

2019 8-Month Total ........... 97 98.922 544,114 19.5 94.0

a Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent methodology. For an explanation of the method of calculating the capacity factor,
permission to operate, at end of period. See Note 1, "Operable Nuclear Reactors," see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity," at end of section.
at end of section. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05%.
b At end of period. Notes: • For a discussion of nuclear reactor unit coverage, see Note 1,
c For the definition of "Net Summer Capacity," see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity," "Operable Nuclear Reactors," at end of section. • Nuclear electricity net
at end of section. Beginning in 2011, monthly capacity values are estimated in two generation totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
steps: 1) uprates and derates reported on Form EIA-860M are added to specific • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
months; and 2) the difference between the resulting year-end capacity (from data Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear (Excel
reported on Form EIA-860M) and final capacity (reported on Form EIA-860) is and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1957 and monthly data
allocated to the month of January. beginning in 1973.
d Beginning in 2008, capacity factor data are calculated using a new Sources: See end of section.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  151 
Figure 8.2  Uranium Overview 
 

Production and Trade, 1949–2020

75
Purchased Imports
Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

50 Domestic Production

Exports Sales
25

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Inventories, End of Year 1981–2020

300
Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

200

Total

100

Electric Plants
Domestic Supplies

0
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Average Prices, 1981–2020

60
Dollars[a] per Pound Uranium Oxide

40
Domestic Purchases

20
Purchased Imports

0
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

[a] Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear. 
Note: See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary.  Source:  Table 8.2. 

152  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 8.2 Uranium Overview
Electric Plant Inventories Average Price
Domestic Purchases Loaded Into
Concentrate Purchased Exportb From Domestic U.S. Nuclear Domestic Electric Purchased Domestic
Productiona Importsb Sales Suppliers Reactorsc Suppliers Plants Total Imports Purchases

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Dollarsd per Pound Uranium Oxide

1950 .......... 0.92 5.5 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

1955 .......... 5.56 7.6 .0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1960 .......... 35.28 36.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1965 .......... 20.88 8.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1970 .......... 25.81 .0 4.2 NA NA NA NA NA –– NA
1975 .......... 23.20 1.4 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1980 .......... 43.70 3.6 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1981 .......... 38.47 6.6 4.4 32.6 NA NA NA 159.2 32.90 34.65
1982 .......... 26.87 17.1 6.2 27.1 NA NA NA 174.8 27.23 38.37
1983 .......... 21.16 8.2 3.3 24.2 NA NA NA 191.8 26.16 38.21
1984 .......... 14.88 12.5 2.2 22.5 NA 25.0 160.2 185.2 21.86 32.65
1985 .......... 11.31 11.7 5.3 21.7 NA 23.7 153.2 176.9 20.08 31.43
1986 .......... 13.51 13.5 1.6 18.9 NA 27.0 144.1 171.1 20.07 30.01
1987 .......... 12.99 15.1 1.0 20.8 NA 25.4 137.8 163.2 19.14 27.37
1988 .......... 13.13 15.8 3.3 17.6 NA 19.3 125.5 144.8 19.03 26.15
1989 .......... 13.84 13.1 2.1 18.4 NA 22.2 115.8 138.1 16.75 19.56
1990 .......... 8.89 23.7 2.0 20.5 NA 26.4 102.7 129.1 12.55 15.70
1991 .......... 7.95 16.3 3.5 26.8 34.6 20.7 98.0 118.7 15.55 13.66
1992 .......... 5.65 23.3 2.8 23.4 43.0 25.2 92.1 117.3 11.34 13.45
1993 .......... 3.06 21.0 3.0 15.5 45.1 24.5 81.2 105.7 10.53 13.14
1994 .......... 3.35 36.6 17.7 22.7 40.4 21.5 65.4 86.9 8.95 10.30
1995 .......... 6.04 41.3 9.8 22.3 51.1 13.7 58.7 72.5 10.20 11.11
1996 .......... 6.32 45.4 11.5 23.7 46.2 13.9 66.1 80.0 13.15 13.81
1997 .......... 5.64 43.0 17.0 19.4 48.2 40.4 65.9 106.2 11.81 12.87
1998 .......... 4.70 43.7 15.1 21.6 38.2 70.7 65.8 136.5 11.19 12.31
1999 .......... 4.61 47.6 8.5 21.4 58.8 68.8 58.3 127.1 10.55 11.88
2000 .......... 3.98 44.9 13.6 24.3 51.5 56.5 54.8 111.3 9.84 11.45
2001 .......... 2.64 46.7 11.7 27.5 52.7 48.1 55.6 103.8 9.51 10.45
2002 .......... e,E2.34 52.7 15.4 22.7 57.2 48.7 53.5 102.1 10.05 10.35
2003 .......... e,E2.00 53.0 13.2 21.7 62.3 39.9 45.6 85.5 10.59 10.84
2004 .......... 2.28 66.1 13.2 28.2 50.1 37.5 57.7 95.2 12.25 11.91
2005 .......... 2.69 65.5 20.5 27.3 58.3 29.1 64.7 93.8 14.83 13.98
2006 .......... 4.11 64.8 18.7 27.9 51.7 29.1 77.5 106.6 19.31 18.54
2007 .......... 4.53 54.1 14.8 18.5 45.5 31.2 81.2 112.4 34.18 33.13
2008 .......... 3.90 57.1 17.2 20.4 51.3 27.0 83.0 110.0 41.30 43.43
2009 .......... 3.71 58.9 23.5 17.6 49.4 26.8 84.8 111.5 41.23 44.53
2010 .......... 4.23 55.3 23.1 16.2 44.3 24.7 86.5 111.3 47.01 44.88
2011 .......... 3.99 54.4 16.7 19.8 50.9 22.3 89.8 112.1 54.00 53.41
2012 .......... 4.15 56.2 18.0 21.5 49.5 23.3 97.6 120.9 51.44 56.51
2013 .......... 4.66 57.4 18.9 23.3 42.6 21.3 113.1 134.4 48.27 52.51
2014 .......... 4.89 56.5 20.0 20.5 50.5 18.7 114.0 132.7 44.03 43.99
2015 .......... 3.34 64.2 25.7 19.6 47.4 14.3 121.1 135.5 42.95 43.03
2016 .......... 2.92 50.7 17.2 18.8 41.7 16.7 128.0 144.6 40.45 41.64
2017 .......... 2.44 42.1 14.0 14.0 45.5 17.8 123.9 141.7 37.09 38.57
2018 .......... 1.65 41.5 13.9 11.1 50.4 19.3 111.2 130.5 35.73 42.98
2019 .......... .17 42.9 11.7 W 43.2 17.5 113.1 130.7 34.77 W
2020 .......... W 39.6 9.9 10.5 P 48.6 P 16.0 P 107.2 P 123.1 33.79 35.92

a See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. Note: See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.

b Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly#nuclear (Excel and
Atomic Energy Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported uranium oxide. CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Trade data prior to 1982 were for transactions conducted by uranium suppliers Sources: • 1949–1966: U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction Office,
only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers (consumers) have been Statistical Data of the Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports.
included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small. • 1967–2002: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry
c Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded. Annual, annual reports. • 2003–2017: EIA, "Domestic Uranium Production
d Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. Report," annual reports; and EIA, "Uranium Marketing Annual Report," annual
e Value has been rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data. reports. • 2018 forward: EIA, "2020 Domestic Uranium Production Report" (May
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid 2021), Table 3; and EIA, "2020 Uranium Marketing Annual Report" (May 2021),
disclosure of individual company data. – – =Not applicable. Tables 5, 18, 19, 21, and 22.
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  153 
Nuclear Energy
Note 1. Operable Nuclear Reactors.  A reactor is defined as operable when it possesses a full‐power license from the 
Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its predecessor, the Atomic Energy Commission, or equivalent permission to operate, 
at the end of the year or month shown. The definition includes units retaining full‐power licenses during long, non‐
routine shutdowns that for a time rendered them unable to generate electricity.   

Note 2.  Nuclear Capacity.  Nuclear generating units may have more than one type of net capacity rating, including the 
following:  

(a)  Net Summer Capacity—The steady hourly output that generating equipment is expected to supply to system load, 
exclusive of auxiliary power, as demonstrated by test at the time of summer peak demand.  Auxiliary power of a typical 
nuclear power plant is about 5% of gross generation. 

(b)  Net Design Capacity or Net Design Electrical Rating (DER)—The nominal net electrical output of a unit, specified by 
the utility and used for plant design. 

Through 2007, the monthly capacity factors are calculated as the monthly nuclear electricity net generation divided by 
the maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation for that month. The maximum possible nuclear electricity net 
generation is the number of hours in the month (assuming 24‐hour days, with no adjustment for changes to or from 
Daylight Savings Time) multiplied by the net summer capacity of operable nuclear generating units at the end of the 
month. That fraction is then multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. Annual capacity factors are calculated as the 
annual nuclear electricity net generation divided by the annual maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation (the 
sum of the monthly values for maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation). For the methodology used to 
calculate capacity factors beginning in 2008, see U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, 
Appendix C notes on “Average Capacity Factors.” 

Table 8.1 Sources 
Total Operable Units and Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units
1957–1982:  Compiled from various sources, primarily U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Reactor Programs, 
“U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Generating Units: Significant Milestones.” 

1983 forward:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA‐860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” and 
predecessor forms; Form EIA‐860M, “Monthly Update to the Annual Electric Generator Report”; and monthly updates as 
appropriate. See https://www.eia.gov/nuclear/generation/index.html for a list of operable units. 

Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation
1957 forward:  Table 7.2a. 

Capacity Factor
1973–2007:  Calculated by EIA using the method described above in Note 2. 

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA‐860, “Annual Electric Generator Report”; Form EIA‐860M, “Monthly Update to the Annual 
Electric Generator Report”; and Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report.” 

154  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

9. Energy
Prices
Figure 9.1  Petroleum Prices 
 

Crude Oil Prices, 1949–2020

120

100
Dollars [a] per Barrel

80

60

40 Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost

20
Domestic First Purchase Price
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost, Monthly

100

75
Dollars [a] per Barrel

50

25

0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Refiner Prices to End Users: Select Products, August 2021

4
Dollars [a] per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

3.147
3
2.395
2.266
1.972 1.901
2

1.121
1

W
0
Finished Motor No.2 No.2 Kerosene-Type Residual Fuel Propane Finished Aviation
Gasoline Fuel Oil Diesel Fuel Jet Fuel Oil (Consumer Gassoline
Grade)
 
 

[a] Prices are not adjusted for inflation.  See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices. 
W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.  Sources:  Tables 9.1, 9.5 and 9.7. 

156  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 9.1 Crude Oil Price Summary
(Dollarsa per Barrel)
Refiner Acquisition Costb
Domestic First F.O.B. Cost Landed Cost
Purchase Pricec of Importsd of Importse Domestic Imported Composite

1950 Average .................. 2.51 NA NA NA NA NA

1955 Average .................. 2.77 NA NA NA NA NA
1960 Average .................. 2.88 NA NA NA NA NA
1965 Average .................. 2.86 NA NA NA NA NA
1970 Average .................. 3.18 NA NA E 3.46 E 2.96 E 3.40
1975 Average .................. 7.67 11.18 12.70 8.39 13.93 10.38
1977 Average .................. 8.57 13.24 14.36 9.55 14.53 11.96
1982 Average .................. 28.52 32.02 33.18 31.22 33.55 31.87
1987 Average .................. 15.40 16.69 17.65 17.76 18.13 17.90
1992 Average .................. 15.99 16.77 17.75 18.63 18.20 18.43
1997 Average .................. 17.23 16.94 18.11 19.61 18.53 19.04
1998 Average .................. 10.87 10.76 11.84 13.18 12.04 12.52
1999 Average .................. 15.56 16.47 17.23 17.90 17.26 17.51
2000 Average .................. 26.72 26.27 27.53 29.11 27.70 28.26
2005 Average .................. 50.28 47.60 49.29 52.94 48.86 50.24
2006 Average .................. 59.69 57.03 59.11 62.62 59.02 60.24
2007 Average .................. 66.52 66.36 67.97 69.65 67.04 67.94
2008 Average .................. 94.04 90.32 93.33 98.47 92.77 94.74
2009 Average .................. 56.35 57.78 60.23 59.49 59.17 59.29
2010 Average .................. 74.71 74.19 76.50 78.01 75.86 76.69
2011 Average .................. 95.73 101.66 102.92 100.71 102.63 101.87
2012 Average .................. 94.52 99.78 101.00 100.72 101.09 100.93
2013 Average .................. 95.99 96.56 96.99 102.91 98.11 100.49
2014 Average .................. 87.39 85.65 88.16 94.05 89.56 92.02
2015 Average .................. 44.39 41.91 45.38 49.94 46.38 48.39
2016 Average .................. 38.29 36.37 38.56 42.41 38.75 40.66
2017 Average .................. 48.05 45.58 48.50 52.05 49.12 50.68
2018 Average .................. 61.40 56.31 58.89 67.05 60.95 64.38

2019 January .................... 48.00 48.70 49.25 54.06 49.71 52.29

February .................. 52.60 54.23 56.17 58.24 56.66 57.62
March ....................... 57.46 57.54 59.48 61.97 61.14 61.64
April ......................... 63.00 61.31 63.62 67.21 65.42 66.51
May .......................... 59.73 60.74 63.70 65.17 65.03 65.11
June ......................... 54.34 54.56 57.43 59.81 58.16 59.16
July .......................... 56.47 54.51 57.00 61.47 59.18 60.53
August ..................... 53.63 51.98 54.91 57.88 55.41 56.90
September ............... 55.14 52.68 55.06 59.41 57.31 58.60
October .................... 53.14 50.40 53.74 56.69 54.44 55.85
November ................ 54.96 51.87 54.48 59.42 55.27 57.88
December ................ 58.41 51.57 53.92 62.23 56.85 60.27
Total ........................ 55.59 54.27 56.60 60.31 57.94 59.38

2020 January .................... 56.55 46.98 51.20 60.39 53.87 57.92

February .................. 49.66 42.13 44.69 54.01 47.39 51.37
March ....................... 31.01 24.16 27.14 35.00 28.50 32.55
April ......................... 15.18 14.22 17.50 21.07 16.74 19.32
May .......................... 18.02 19.28 22.73 24.43 22.56 23.55
June ......................... 33.81 33.74 36.17 37.25 36.14 36.80
July .......................... 37.44 36.73 38.97 40.56 39.33 40.08
August ..................... 39.37 37.39 40.15 42.83 41.72 42.42
September ............... 36.82 36.06 38.19 40.41 38.73 39.81
October .................... 36.39 34.35 37.11 40.06 37.81 39.21
November ................ 38.25 36.44 39.28 41.56 39.15 40.68
December ................ 43.92 41.86 44.78 46.69 45.34 46.20
Total ........................ 36.86 33.66 36.42 41.23 37.41 39.75

2021 January .................... 49.73 46.77 49.38 52.45 49.52 51.36

February .................. 56.72 53.08 55.50 60.14 55.67 58.39
March ....................... 60.67 57.48 59.12 63.24 59.78 61.96
April ......................... 59.87 57.83 60.75 63.25 60.86 62.39
May .......................... 62.80 61.76 63.92 65.94 63.81 65.15
June ......................... 68.57 R 64.97 R 67.50 71.60 68.85 70.54
July .......................... R 70.12 R 65.52 R 67.90 R 73.28 R 69.88 R 71.97
August ..................... R 65.67 R 61.81 R 64.01 R 69.27 R 65.56 R 67.82
September ............... NA NA NA E 71.21 E 69.56 E 70.58

aPrices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. period of reporting; beginning in 1981, they reflect the period of loading. • Annual
bSee Note 1, "Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs," at end of section. averages are the averages of the monthly prices, weighted by volume.
cSee Note 2, "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the
dSee Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section. Virgin Islands, and all U.S. Territories and Possessions.
eSee Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed Costs," at end of section. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate. CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
Notes: • Domestic first purchase prices and refinery acquisition costs for the beginning in 1973.
current two months are preliminary. F.O.B. and landed costs for the current three Sources: See end of section.
months are preliminary. • Through 1980, F.O.B. and landed costs reflect the
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  157 
Table 9.2 F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
(Dollarsa per Barrel)
Selected Countries
Persian
Saudi United Gulf Total Total
Angola Colombia Mexico Nigeria Arabia Kingdom Venezuela Nationsb OPECc Non-OPECc

1973 Averaged ................. W W – 7.81 3.25 – 5.39 3.68 5.43 4.80

1975 Average .................. 10.97 – 11.44 11.82 10.87 – 11.04 10.88 11.34 10.62
1980 Average .................. 33.45 W 31.06 35.93 28.17 34.36 24.81 28.92 32.21 32.85
1985 Average .................. 26.30 – 25.33 28.04 22.04 27.64 23.64 23.31 25.67 25.96
1990 Average .................. 20.23 20.75 19.26 22.46 20.36 23.43 19.55 18.54 20.40 20.32
1995 Average .................. 16.58 16.73 15.64 17.40 W 16.94 13.86 W 15.36 16.02
2000 Average .................. 27.90 29.04 25.39 28.70 24.62 27.21 24.45 24.72 25.56 26.77
2005 Average .................. 52.48 51.89 43.00 55.95 47.96 54.48 46.39 47.21 49.60 45.79
2006 Average .................. 62.23 59.77 52.91 65.69 56.09 66.03 55.80 56.02 59.18 55.35
2007 Average .................. 67.80 67.93 61.35 76.64 W 69.96 64.10 69.93 69.58 62.69
2008 Average .................. 95.66 91.17 84.61 102.06 93.03 96.33 88.06 91.44 93.15 87.15
2009 Average .................. 57.07 57.90 56.47 64.61 57.87 65.63 55.58 59.53 58.53 57.16
2010 Average .................. 78.18 72.56 72.46 80.83 76.44 W 70.30 75.65 75.23 73.24
2011 Average .................. 111.82 100.21 100.90 115.35 107.08 – 97.23 106.47 105.34 98.49
2012 Average .................. 111.23 106.43 101.84 114.51 106.65 – 100.15 105.45 104.39 95.71
2013 Average .................. 107.71 101.24 98.40 110.06 101.16 W 97.52 100.62 100.57 93.67
2014 Average .................. W 80.75 86.55 W 95.60 – 84.51 94.03 89.76 82.95
2015 Average .................. W 47.52 44.90 W 47.53 – 40.73 46.95 43.25 41.19
2016 Average .................. 42.68 35.28 36.22 46.20 39.30 W 34.71 38.76 38.51 34.81
2017 Average .................. W 48.34 46.66 54.77 51.30 W 45.60 50.16 49.55 43.30
2018 Average .................. 74.44 62.51 62.75 71.41 68.23 71.65 61.25 66.55 65.61 51.41
2019 January .................... – 53.27 54.81 W W W 48.25 58.54 54.94 46.13
February .................. – 56.59 58.52 W W W W 62.58 63.09 51.63
March ....................... – 61.28 60.66 W 67.34 W – 65.62 65.95 55.66
April ......................... – 67.09 63.13 W 70.60 70.45 – 68.89 70.54 59.56
May .......................... W 65.40 62.16 70.81 W 69.74 – 65.97 67.80 59.17
June ......................... W 61.09 58.75 W W W – 62.67 63.28 51.82
July .......................... W W 58.93 W W W – 62.08 63.82 52.32
August ..................... – 59.37 50.72 W 59.24 W – 57.90 59.51 50.47
September ............... – W 56.73 W 60.27 W – 58.79 59.66 51.05
October .................... – W 51.74 W W W – 56.42 58.30 48.81
November ................ – 59.42 51.24 W 60.69 W – 58.47 60.86 49.22
December ................ – 58.95 55.23 – 63.59 W – 61.63 61.72 50.26
Average .................. 66.97 60.61 56.72 67.21 63.48 65.20 48.57 61.43 62.11 52.36
2020 January .................... – 56.90 53.70 W 49.26 W – 50.36 51.96 46.61
February .................. – W 47.74 W W W – 51.87 53.40 40.68
March ....................... W 27.34 28.59 W W W – 24.18 28.56 23.61
April ......................... W 19.88 12.25 W 21.44 – – 21.44 22.92 12.23
May .......................... – W 22.92 W W W – 29.19 30.80 18.09
June ......................... – 33.32 34.36 W W W – 40.59 41.17 32.84
July .......................... – W 37.95 W 42.98 – – 40.60 41.32 36.08
August ..................... – 40.34 40.16 W W – – W 44.02 37.20
September ............... – 37.36 38.42 W W – – W 41.19 35.82
October .................... W W 37.12 W – – – – 40.10 34.01
November ................ – W 39.55 – – W – W W 36.36
December ................ W W 45.09 W W – – W 52.06 40.99
Average .................. W 36.03 36.00 W 35.35 43.39 – 36.06 38.34 33.22
2021 January .................... – W 50.54 W 55.18 – – 54.23 55.26 45.40
February .................. – W 56.46 W 60.73 W – 58.53 60.66 52.03
March ....................... – W 59.46 W W – – 62.12 63.76 56.49
April ......................... – 62.48 59.54 W 65.55 – – 63.85 64.57 56.49
May .......................... W W 62.26 72.66 67.70 – – 66.13 68.01 60.31
June ......................... W W 67.27 W R 70.06 W – R 70.06 R 71.60 64.02
July .......................... W W R 68.53 W W – – W R 74.53 R 64.65
August ..................... – W 63.68 W W – – W W 61.45

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. costs related to insurance and transportation. See "F.O.B. (Free on Board)" in
b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Glossary, and Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section. • Values for the
the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). current two months are preliminary. • Through 1980, prices reflect the period of
c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary reporting; beginning in 1981, prices reflect the period of loading.
for exact years of each country’s membership. On this table, "Total OPEC" for all • Annual averages are averages of the monthly prices, including prices not
years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, published, weighted by volume. • Cargoes that are purchased on a "netback"
United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; Angola is included in "Total OPEC" 2007 basis, or under similar contractual arrangements whereby the actual purchase price
forward; Gabon is included in "Total OPEC" 1974–1995 and July 2016 forward; is not established at the time the crude oil is acquired for importation into the United
Ecuador is included in "Total OPEC" 1973–1992 and 2008 forward; Indonesia is States, are not included in the published data until the actual prices have been
included in "Total OPEC" 1973–2008 and 2016. determined and reported. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
d Based on October, November, and December data only. District of Columbia.
R=Revised. – =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
individual company data. CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Notes: • The Free on Board (F.O.B.) cost at the country of origin excludes all Sources: See end of section.
 
 

158  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 9.3 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
(Dollarsa per Barrel)
Selected Countries
Persian
Saudi United Gulf Total Total
Angola Canada Colombia Mexico Nigeria Arabia Kingdom Venezuela Nationsb OPECc Non-OPECc

1973 Averaged ............... W 5.33 W – 9.08 5.37 – 5.99 5.91 6.85 5.64
1975 Average ................ 11.81 12.84 – 12.61 12.70 12.50 – 12.36 12.64 12.70 12.70
1980 Average ................ 34.76 30.11 W 31.77 37.15 29.80 35.68 25.92 30.59 33.56 33.99
1985 Average ................ 27.39 25.71 – 25.63 28.96 24.72 28.36 24.43 25.50 26.86 26.53
1990 Average ................ 21.51 20.48 22.34 19.64 23.33 21.82 22.65 20.31 20.55 21.23 20.98
1995 Average ................ 17.66 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.25 16.84 17.91 14.81 16.78 16.61 16.95
2000 Average ................ 29.57 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.04 26.58 29.26 26.05 26.77 27.29 27.80
2005 Average ................ 54.31 44.73 53.42 43.47 57.55 50.31 55.28 47.87 49.68 51.36 47.31
2006 Average ................ 64.85 53.90 62.13 53.76 68.26 59.19 67.44 57.37 58.92 61.21 57.14
2007 Average ................ 71.27 60.38 70.91 62.31 78.01 70.78 72.47 66.13 69.83 71.14 63.96
2008 Average ................ 98.18 90.00 93.43 85.97 104.83 94.75 96.95 90.76 93.59 95.49 90.59
2009 Average ................ 61.32 57.60 58.50 57.35 68.01 62.14 63.87 57.78 62.15 61.90 58.58
2010 Average ................ 80.61 72.80 74.25 72.86 83.14 79.29 80.29 72.43 78.60 78.28 74.68
2011 Average ................ 114.05 89.92 102.57 101.21 116.43 108.83 118.45 100.14 108.01 107.84 98.64
2012 Average ................ 114.95 84.24 107.07 102.45 116.88 108.15 W 101.58 107.74 107.56 95.05
2013 Average ................ 110.81 84.41 103.00 99.06 112.87 102.60 111.23 99.34 102.53 102.98 91.99
2014 Average ................ 99.25 81.30 88.29 87.48 102.16 94.91 W 86.88 95.30 93.10 84.67
2015 Average ................ 51.73 41.99 49.53 45.51 54.70 49.78 W 42.87 49.43 47.44 44.09
2016 Average ................ 44.65 36.27 38.86 36.64 48.11 42.14 W 35.50 41.20 40.54 37.09
2017 Average ................ 54.17 44.93 50.60 47.73 56.48 52.56 56.11 47.02 51.42 51.26 46.67
2018 Average ................ 73.42 48.34 66.75 63.48 71.93 69.40 73.28 62.46 67.55 67.22 54.27

2019 January .................. – 40.33 56.26 56.12 W 61.69 W 51.68 59.80 57.34 45.44
February ................ – 50.48 59.69 59.72 W 66.37 W 52.72 64.07 62.76 53.82
March ..................... – 54.61 64.65 61.82 W 67.50 W 55.25 65.81 65.30 57.85
April ....................... W 59.01 69.08 64.18 75.99 69.74 73.00 – 68.83 69.89 62.21
May ........................ 72.84 58.49 68.17 62.81 72.66 67.93 71.30 W 67.05 68.82 62.19
June ....................... W 50.84 65.87 59.32 69.37 65.06 65.41 – 63.71 65.04 55.30
July ........................ W 51.14 64.10 59.50 67.57 64.14 64.63 – 63.83 64.76 55.02
August ................... – 50.68 59.22 51.59 65.76 61.59 W – 60.87 61.75 52.99
September ............. W 50.64 58.77 57.73 66.34 61.59 64.40 – 61.03 61.58 53.27
October .................. W 49.64 57.88 53.03 65.73 62.36 63.06 – 59.89 60.99 51.93
November .............. W 49.20 60.91 52.57 69.20 64.85 W – 62.06 62.97 51.97
December .............. – 48.36 62.66 56.78 W 65.83 W – 63.23 63.52 52.13
Average ................ 68.58 51.10 62.83 57.96 68.78 64.86 66.65 52.36 63.27 63.41 54.65

2020 January .................. W 45.70 62.93 55.93 W 53.68 W – 55.30 56.42 50.32
February ................ – 39.83 54.16 49.66 54.23 55.20 W – 54.48 54.45 43.29
March ..................... W 23.51 34.75 29.42 W 24.34 W – 27.39 28.49 26.76
April ....................... 30.93 13.35 23.24 13.73 W 22.98 W – 23.42 23.99 15.55
May ........................ W 17.45 28.61 24.35 W 28.84 W – 29.99 30.70 20.75
June ....................... – 34.85 33.13 35.04 W 40.23 W – 41.20 41.61 35.20
July ........................ – 37.69 37.64 38.72 W 43.64 45.81 – 42.95 43.61 38.42
August ................... – 38.89 41.71 40.88 W 43.83 – – 42.75 43.04 39.86
September ............. W 35.66 38.27 39.01 W 43.13 W – 41.83 42.13 37.66
October .................. W 35.63 38.29 37.53 W 44.98 W – 43.49 42.11 36.68
November .............. W 36.98 43.35 40.06 W W 48.92 – 43.86 45.41 38.87
December .............. W 41.59 46.62 45.76 53.81 54.19 51.22 – 51.59 52.89 43.75
Average ................ 41.03 33.81 41.04 37.18 46.24 35.84 44.51 – 37.98 39.28 35.95

2021 January .................. W 46.06 W 51.32 W 58.83 – – 57.43 58.18 48.21

February ................ – 51.58 60.79 57.08 W 62.72 66.55 – 60.95 62.41 54.46
March ..................... W 56.03 W 60.74 W 65.49 W – 64.56 65.26 58.25
April ....................... – 57.36 64.38 60.30 68.45 69.04 W – 66.60 67.17 59.60
May ........................ 70.56 60.48 66.44 63.05 72.44 70.61 W – 69.15 70.09 62.58
June ....................... W 64.53 69.84 68.09 W R 70.17 R 74.58 – R 70.85 R 72.24 R 66.68
July ........................ W R 65.09 71.74 R 69.14 R 67.47 R 70.20 76.48 – R 70.51 R 71.41 R 67.52
August ................... – 61.49 67.43 64.38 W W W – 67.34 68.67 63.46

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. reflect the period of loading. • Annual averages are averages of the monthly
b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and prices, including prices not published, weighted by volume. • Cargoes that are
the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). purchased on a "netback" basis, or under similar contractual arrangements
c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary whereby the actual purchase price is not established at the time the crude oil is
for exact years of each country’s membership. On this table, "Total OPEC" for all acquired for importation into the United States, are not included in the published
years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, data until the actual prices have been determined and reported. • U.S. geographic
United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; Angola is included in "Total OPEC" 2007 coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
forward; Gabon is included in "Total OPEC" 1974–1995 and July 2016 forward; Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
Ecuador is included in "Total OPEC" 1973–1992 and 2008 forward; Indonesia is CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
included in "Total OPEC" 1973–2008 and 2016. Sources: • October 1973–September 1977: Federal Energy Administration,
d Based on October, November, and December data only. Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1977–December
R=Revised. – =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of 1977: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0,
individual company data. "Transfer Pricing Report." • 1978–2007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2008,
Notes: • See "Landed Costs" in Glossary, and Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed Table 22. • 2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2021,
Costs," at end of section. • Values for the current two months are preliminary. Table 22.
• Through 1980, prices reflect the period of reporting; beginning in 1981, prices
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  159 
Table 9.4 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices
(Dollarsa per Gallon, Including Taxes)
Platt’s / Bureau of Labor Statistics Data U.S. Energy Information Administration Data
Motor Gasoline by Grade Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type

Leaded Unleaded Unleaded Conventional Reformulated On-Highway

Regular Regular Premiumb All Gradesc Gasoline Areasd Gasoline Arease All Areas Diesel Fuel

1950 Average .............. 0.268 NA NA NA –– –– –– ––

1955 Average .............. .291 NA NA NA –– –– –– ––
1960 Average .............. .311 NA NA NA –– –– –– ––
1965 Average .............. .312 NA NA NA –– –– –– ––
1970 Average .............. .357 NA NA NA –– –– –– ––
1975 Average .............. .567 NA NA NA –– –– –– ––
1980 Average .............. 1.191 1.245 NA 1.221 –– –– –– ––
1985 Average .............. 1.115 1.202 1.340 1.196 –– –– –– ––
1990 Average .............. 1.149 1.164 1.349 1.217 NA NA NA NA
1995 Average .............. –– 1.147 1.336 1.205 1.103 1.163 1.111 1.109
2000 Average .............. –– 1.510 1.693 1.563 1.462 1.543 1.484 1.491
2005 Average .............. –– 2.295 2.491 2.338 2.240 2.335 2.270 2.402
2006 Average .............. –– 2.589 2.805 2.635 2.533 2.654 2.572 2.705
2007 Average .............. –– 2.801 3.033 2.849 2.767 2.857 2.796 2.885
2008 Average .............. –– 3.266 3.519 3.317 3.213 3.314 3.246 3.803
2009 Average .............. –– 2.350 2.607 2.401 2.315 2.433 2.353 2.467
2010 Average .............. –– 2.788 3.047 2.836 2.742 2.864 2.782 2.992
2011 Average .............. –– 3.527 3.792 3.577 3.476 3.616 3.521 3.840
2012 Average .............. –– 3.644 3.922 3.695 3.552 3.757 3.618 3.968
2013 Average .............. –– 3.526 3.843 3.584 3.443 3.635 3.505 3.922
2014 Average .............. –– 3.367 3.713 3.425 3.299 3.481 3.358 3.825
2015 Average .............. –– 2.448 2.866 2.510 2.334 2.629 2.429 2.707
2016 Average .............. –– 2.142 2.610 2.204 2.070 2.296 2.143 2.304
2017 Average .............. –– 2.408 2.911 2.469 2.333 2.586 2.415 2.650
2018 Average .............. –– 2.735 3.270 2.794 2.631 2.904 2.719 3.178

2019 January ................ –– 2.289 2.874 2.352 2.145 2.464 2.248 2.980
February .............. –– 2.353 2.901 2.412 2.223 2.495 2.309 2.997
March ................... –– 2.564 3.079 2.620 2.443 2.673 2.516 3.076
April ..................... –– 2.835 3.382 2.894 2.694 3.023 2.798 3.121
May ...................... –– 2.901 3.471 2.963 2.731 3.136 2.859 3.161
June ..................... –– 2.752 3.328 2.814 2.601 2.963 2.716 3.089
July ...................... –– 2.776 3.327 2.836 2.640 2.954 2.740 3.045
August ................. –– 2.655 3.222 2.716 2.521 2.836 2.621 3.005
September ........... –– 2.630 3.214 2.694 2.489 2.814 2.592 3.016
October ................ –– 2.673 3.297 2.741 2.497 2.907 2.627 3.053
November ............ –– 2.620 3.254 2.687 2.480 2.853 2.598 3.069
December ............ –– 2.587 3.190 2.652 2.469 2.744 2.555 3.055
Average .............. –– 2.636 3.212 2.698 2.501 2.827 2.604 3.056

2020 January ................ –– 2.567 3.157 2.631 2.459 2.740 2.548 3.048
February .............. –– 2.465 3.071 2.530 2.348 2.645 2.442 2.910
March ................... –– 2.267 2.893 2.334 2.126 2.468 2.234 2.729
April ..................... –– 1.876 2.527 1.946 1.721 2.096 1.841 2.493
May ...................... –– 1.879 2.490 1.946 1.769 2.084 1.870 2.392
June ..................... –– 2.076 2.673 2.141 1.998 2.263 2.082 2.408
July ...................... –– 2.176 2.783 2.243 2.099 2.365 2.183 2.434
August ................. –– 2.177 2.795 2.245 2.093 2.374 2.182 2.429
September ........... –– 2.193 2.810 2.260 2.095 2.375 2.183 2.414
October ................ –– 2.159 2.782 2.228 2.073 2.344 2.158 2.389
November ............ –– 2.090 2.727 2.159 2.015 2.312 2.108 2.432
December ............ –– 2.168 2.778 2.235 2.105 2.387 2.195 2.585
Average .............. –– 2.174 2.791 2.242 2.074 2.370 2.168 2.551

2021 January ................ –– 2.326 2.921 2.391 2.244 2.527 2.334 2.681
February .............. –– 2.496 3.073 2.559 2.412 2.694 2.501 2.847
March ................... –– 2.791 3.386 2.856 2.725 2.997 2.810 3.152
April ..................... –– 2.839 3.455 2.907 2.771 3.048 2.858 3.130
May ...................... –– 2.972 3.596 3.041 2.885 3.202 2.985 3.217
June ..................... –– 3.154 3.802 3.245 2.964 3.281 3.064 3.287
July ...................... –– 3.233 3.897 3.326 3.044 3.339 3.136 3.339
August ................. –– 3.255 3.938 3.351 3.062 3.368 3.158 3.350
September ........... –– 3.265 3.945 3.361 3.081 3.382 3.175 3.384
October ................ –– 3.385 4.040 3.477 3.193 3.506 3.291 3.612

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. states and the District of Columbia.
b The 1981 average (available in Web file) is based on September through Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
December data only. CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
c Also includes grades of motor gasoline not shown separately. beginning in 1973.
d Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline. Sources: • Motor Gasoline by Grade, Monthly Data: October 1973
e "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by forward—U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. City
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated Average Gasoline Prices. • Motor Gasoline by Grade, Annual Data:
gasoline (RFG). Areas are reclassified each time a shift in or out of an RFG 1949–1973—Platt’s Oil Price Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974, 51st Edition. 1974
program occurs due to federal or state regulations. forward—calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) as simple
NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. averages of the BLS monthly data. • Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type:
Notes: • See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section. • See "Motor EIA, calculated as simple averages of weighted weekly estimates from "Weekly
Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," "Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated," U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." • On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA,
and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary. • Geographic coverage: for calculated as simple averages of weighted weekly estimates from "Weekly Retail
columns 1–4, current coverage is 85 urban areas; for columns 5–7, coverage is the On-Highway Diesel Prices."
50 states and the District of Columbia; for column 8, coverage is the 48 contiguous
 
 

160  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 9.5 Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil
(Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Residual Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil
Sulfur Content Less Sulfur Content
Than or Equal to 1% Greater Than 1% Average

Sales for Sales to Sales for Sales to Sales for Sales to

Resale End Users Resale End Users Resale End Users

1978 Average ...................... 0.293 0.314 0.245 0.275 0.263 0.298

1980 Average ...................... .608 .675 .479 .523 .528 .607
1985 Average ...................... .610 .644 .560 .582 .577 .610
1990 Average ...................... .472 .505 .372 .400 .413 .444
1995 Average ...................... .383 .436 .338 .377 .363 .392
2000 Average ...................... .627 .708 .512 .566 .566 .602
2005 Average ...................... 1.115 1.168 .842 .974 .971 1.048
2006 Average ...................... 1.202 1.342 1.085 1.173 1.136 1.218
2007 Average ...................... 1.406 1.436 1.314 1.350 1.350 1.374
2008 Average ...................... 1.918 2.144 1.843 1.889 1.866 1.964
2009 Average ...................... 1.337 1.413 1.344 1.306 1.342 1.341
2010 Average ...................... 1.756 1.920 1.679 1.619 1.697 1.713
2011 Average ...................... 2.389 2.736 2.316 2.257 2.336 2.401
2012 Average ...................... 2.548 3.025 2.429 2.433 2.457 2.592
2013 Average ...................... 2.363 2.883 2.249 2.353 2.278 2.482
2014 Average ...................... 2.153 2.694 1.996 2.221 2.044 2.325
2015 Average ...................... .971 1.529 .999 1.227 .996 1.285
2016 Average ...................... .736 1.138 .746 .897 .745 .945
2017 Average ...................... 1.112 W 1.117 1.237 1.116 1.287
2018 Average ...................... 1.397 W 1.466 1.587 1.463 1.662

2019 January ........................ 1.626 W 1.326 1.417 1.357 1.425

February ...................... 1.808 W 1.458 1.553 1.508 1.568
March ........................... W W 1.542 1.606 1.581 1.639
April ............................. W W 1.549 1.648 1.577 1.685
May .............................. W W 1.502 1.607 1.505 1.635
June ............................. W W 1.367 1.527 1.372 1.601
July .............................. 1.455 W 1.492 1.572 1.489 1.625
August ......................... 1.331 W 1.235 1.345 1.247 1.466
September ................... W W 1.325 1.511 1.337 1.560
October ........................ 1.535 W 1.188 1.393 1.263 1.543
November .................... 1.681 W 1.220 1.364 1.353 1.594
December .................... 1.758 W 1.460 1.543 1.597 1.745
Average ...................... 1.649 W 1.391 1.510 1.428 1.584

2020 January ........................ 1.788 W 1.526 1.634 1.675 1.939

February ...................... 1.673 W 1.336 1.557 1.540 1.735
March ........................... 1.188 W .993 1.146 1.121 1.371
April ............................. .796 W .639 .942 .733 .976
May .............................. .792 W NA .727 .775 .817
June ............................. 1.018 W 1.013 .894 1.017 .949
July .............................. 1.153 W 1.089 .981 1.137 1.071
August ......................... 1.189 W 1.068 1.026 1.135 1.224
September ................... 1.098 W 1.000 1.035 1.066 1.200
October ........................ 1.078 W .996 1.071 1.041 1.151
November .................... 1.164 W 1.098 1.068 1.145 1.145
December .................... 1.351 W 1.266 1.193 1.320 1.290
Average ...................... 1.186 W 1.066 1.090 1.143 1.246

2021 January ........................ 1.491 W 1.352 1.344 1.432 1.462

February ...................... 1.583 W 1.429 1.469 1.518 1.617
March ........................... 1.780 W 1.558 1.590 1.683 1.766
April ............................. 1.780 W 1.534 1.556 1.686 1.756
May .............................. 1.828 W 1.628 1.552 1.736 1.760
June ............................. 1.909 W 1.650 1.608 1.783 1.867
July .............................. 1.852 W 1.766 1.721 1.818 1.969
August ......................... 1.842 W 1.674 1.666 1.776 1.901

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum Prices," at end of section.
NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
data. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel
Notes: • Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1978 and monthly data
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers, beginning in 1982.
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and Sources: • 1978–2007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2007, Table 17.
commercial consumers. • Values for the current month are preliminary. • 2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2021, Table 16.
• Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  161 
Table 9.6 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale
(Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Finished Finished Kerosene- No. 2 No. 2 Propane
Motor Aviation Type Fuel Diesel (Consumer
Gasolineb Gasoline Jet Fuel Kerosene Oil Fuel Grade)

1978 Average ...................... 0.434 0.537 0.386 0.404 0.369 0.365 0.237
1980 Average ...................... .941 1.128 .868 .864 .803 .801 .415
1985 Average ...................... .835 1.130 .794 .874 .776 .772 .398
1990 Average ...................... .786 1.063 .773 .839 .697 .694 .386
1995 Average ...................... .626 .975 .539 .580 .511 .538 .344
2000 Average ...................... .963 1.330 .880 .969 .886 .898 .595
2005 Average ...................... 1.670 2.076 1.723 1.757 1.623 1.737 .933
2006 Average ...................... 1.969 2.490 1.961 2.007 1.834 2.012 1.031
2007 Average ...................... 2.182 2.758 2.171 2.249 2.072 2.203 1.194
2008 Average ...................... 2.586 3.342 3.020 2.851 2.745 2.994 1.437
2009 Average ...................... 1.767 2.480 1.719 1.844 1.657 1.713 .921
2010 Average ...................... 2.165 2.874 2.185 2.299 2.147 2.214 1.212
2011 Average ...................... 2.867 3.739 3.014 3.065 2.907 3.034 1.467
2012 Average ...................... 2.929 3.919 3.080 3.163 3.031 3.109 1.033
2013 Average ...................... 2.812 3.869 2.953 3.084 2.966 3.028 1.048
2014 Average ...................... 2.618 3.687 2.763 2.882 2.741 2.812 1.165
2015 Average ...................... 1.726 2.764 1.592 1.735 1.565 1.667 .555
2016 Average ...................... 1.454 2.404 1.295 1.383 1.239 1.378 .523
2017 Average ...................... 1.689 2.682 1.603 1.730 1.600 1.691 .800
2018 Average ...................... 1.980 3.006 2.073 2.160 2.002 2.130 .877

2019 January ........................ 1.483 2.394 1.822 2.021 1.813 1.789 .775
February ...................... 1.624 2.527 1.925 2.111 1.907 1.950 .772
March ........................... 1.881 2.874 1.960 2.087 1.958 2.020 .754
April ............................. 2.138 3.100 2.022 2.073 1.993 2.100 .660
May .............................. 2.110 3.021 2.061 2.057 1.989 2.106 .595
June ............................. 1.909 2.841 1.879 1.914 1.824 1.874 .493
July .............................. 1.984 2.988 1.938 1.969 1.847 1.938 .478
August ......................... 1.820 2.854 1.864 1.861 1.795 1.865 .458
September ................... 1.854 2.829 1.898 1.984 1.901 1.955 .477
October ........................ 1.871 2.857 1.931 2.003 1.926 1.984 .544
November .................... 1.819 2.783 1.922 2.046 1.884 1.974 .655
December .................... 1.757 2.734 1.932 2.087 1.919 1.943 .632
Average ...................... 1.858 2.842 1.929 2.017 1.895 1.958 .622

2020 January ........................ 1.743 2.752 1.891 2.008 1.863 1.858 .557
February ...................... 1.669 2.698 1.613 1.802 1.627 1.671 .530
March ........................... 1.127 2.279 1.189 1.115 1.238 1.278 .410
April ............................. .645 1.590 .703 .837 .872 .908 .378
May .............................. 1.049 1.869 .690 .848 .795 .878 .454
June ............................. 1.311 2.134 1.002 1.099 1.002 1.135 .514
July .............................. 1.380 2.253 1.144 1.172 1.152 1.254 .507
August ......................... 1.389 2.219 1.162 1.250 1.179 1.275 .536
September ................... 1.354 2.246 1.076 1.215 1.091 1.195 .516
October ........................ 1.312 2.217 1.107 1.293 1.089 1.215 .597
November .................... 1.287 2.123 1.180 1.322 1.156 1.315 .630
December .................... 1.394 2.289 1.353 1.585 1.341 1.475 .725
Average ...................... 1.330 2.233 1.295 1.310 1.246 1.286 .535

2021 January ........................ 1.575 2.482 1.456 1.688 1.481 1.580 .922
February ...................... 1.784 2.659 1.599 1.939 1.667 1.806 1.032
March ........................... 2.011 2.978 1.720 1.854 1.726 1.956 .985
April ............................. 2.055 3.018 1.688 1.816 1.700 1.911 .849
May .............................. 2.181 3.107 1.790 1.800 1.806 2.072 .824
June ............................. 2.252 3.190 1.871 1.907 1.927 2.147 .950
July .............................. R 2.337 3.337 1.946 1.940 R 1.931 R 2.182 1.075
August ......................... 2.302 3.299 1.918 1.899 1.882 2.147 1.110

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section. Prices," at end of section. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
R=Revised. of Columbia.
Notes: • Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
consumers. Sales to end users are shown in Table 9.7; they are sales made CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1978 and monthly data
directly to ultimate consumers, including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, beginning in 1982.
industry, and electric utilities) and residential and commercial consumers. • Values Sources: • 1978–2007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2007, Table 4.
for the current month are preliminary. • Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy • 2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2021, Table 4.
 
 

162  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 9.7 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users
(Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Finished Finished Kerosene- No. 2 No. 2 Propane
Motor Aviation Type Fuel Diesel (Consumer
Gasolineb Gasoline Jet Fuel Kerosene Oil Fuel Grade)

1978 Average ...................... 0.484 0.516 0.387 0.421 0.400 0.377 0.335
1980 Average ...................... 1.035 1.084 .868 .902 .788 .818 .482
1985 Average ...................... .912 1.201 .796 1.030 .849 .789 .717
1990 Average ...................... .883 1.120 .766 .923 .734 .725 .745
1995 Average ...................... .765 1.005 .540 .589 .562 .560 .492
2000 Average ...................... 1.106 1.306 .899 1.123 .927 .935 .603
2005 Average ...................... 1.829 2.231 1.735 1.957 1.705 1.786 1.089
2006 Average ...................... 2.128 2.682 1.998 2.244 1.982 2.096 1.358
2007 Average ...................... 2.345 2.849 2.165 2.263 2.241 2.267 1.489
2008 Average ...................... 2.775 3.273 3.052 3.283 2.986 3.150 1.892
2009 Average ...................... 1.888 2.442 1.704 2.675 1.962 1.834 1.220
2010 Average ...................... 2.301 3.028 2.201 3.063 2.462 2.314 1.481
2011 Average ...................... 3.050 3.803 3.054 3.616 3.193 3.117 1.709
2012 Average ...................... 3.154 3.971 3.104 3.843 3.358 3.202 1.139
2013 Average ...................... 3.049 3.932 2.979 3.842 3.335 3.122 1.028
2014 Average ...................... 2.855 3.986 2.772 W 3.329 2.923 1.097
2015 Average ...................... 2.003 W 1.629 W 2.016 1.819 .481
2016 Average ...................... 1.730 W 1.319 W 1.716 1.511 .498
2017 Average ...................... 1.976 W 1.629 W 2.010 1.811 .772
2018 Average ...................... 2.303 W 2.119 3.113 2.380 2.256 .925

2019 January ........................ 1.854 W 1.827 W 2.195 1.960 .756

February ...................... 1.949 W 1.956 W 2.367 2.080 .784
March ........................... 2.137 W 2.005 W 2.376 2.158 .761
April ............................. 2.487 W 2.063 W 2.461 2.259 .686
May .............................. 2.520 W 2.141 W 2.389 2.272 .599
June ............................. 2.366 W 1.907 3.312 2.156 2.078 .464
July .............................. 2.375 W 1.973 3.260 2.206 2.100 .487
August ......................... 2.252 W 1.901 W 2.155 2.037 .461
September ................... 2.242 W 1.937 3.203 2.200 2.101 .473
October ........................ 2.289 W 1.965 W 2.174 2.134 .516
November .................... 2.229 W 1.979 W 2.321 2.126 .635
December .................... 2.182 W 1.979 W 2.361 2.072 .601
Average ...................... 2.245 W 1.970 W 2.269 2.114 .603

2020 January ........................ 2.150 W 1.958 W 2.328 2.002 .502

February ...................... 2.060 W 1.667 W 2.113 1.835 .469
March ........................... 1.862 W 1.257 W 1.813 1.486 .378
April ............................. 1.490 W .740 W 1.220 1.137 .368
May .............................. 1.598 W .728 W 1.162 1.130 .421
June ............................. 1.768 W 1.046 3.321 1.338 1.354 .515
July .............................. 1.806 2.761 1.175 3.059 1.394 1.431 .518
August ......................... 1.814 2.805 1.188 3.163 1.464 1.456 .541
September ................... 1.804 2.613 1.110 W 1.411 1.386 .508
October ........................ 1.773 2.495 1.134 W 1.360 1.400 .548
November .................... 1.736 2.485 1.216 W 1.760 1.482 .577
December .................... 1.828 2.674 1.395 W 2.004 1.624 .697
Average ...................... 1.829 2.685 1.293 W 1.660 1.486 .502

2021 January ........................ 1.986 2.829 1.485 W 2.103 1.713 .908

February ...................... 2.201 3.148 1.642 W 2.173 1.933 .972
March ........................... 2.442 3.364 1.763 W 2.323 2.111 .964
April ............................. 2.493 3.363 1.724 W 2.185 2.090 .851
May .............................. 2.683 3.447 1.822 W 2.291 2.177 .833
June ............................. 3.000 3.492 1.906 W 2.341 2.228 .966
July .............................. R 3.105 W 1.981 2.860 2.505 R 2.282 1.096
August ......................... 3.147 W 1.972 W 2.395 2.266 1.121

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section. Prices," at end of section. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
R=Revised. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. of Columbia.
Notes: • Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers, Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1978 and monthly data
residential and commercial consumers. Sales for resale are shown in Table 9.6; beginning in 1982.
they are sales made to purchasers other than ultimate consumers. • Values for Sources: • 1978–2007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2007, Table 2.
the current month are preliminary. • Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy • 2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, November 2021, Table 2.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  163 
Figure 9.2  Average Retail Prices of Electricity 
                           (Cents [a] per Kilowatthour) 
 

By Sector, 1960–2020
15

Residential
12
Commercial

9 Transportation

Industrial

6 Other [b]

0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

By Sector, Monthly
15
Residential

12 Commercial

9 Transportation

6 Industrial

0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total, January–August By Sector, August 2021

12 11.13
15 13.99
10.58 10.65

10 11.60
12
10.19
8
9
7.65
6
6
4

3
2

0 0
2019 2020 2021 Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation
 
 

[a] Prices are not adjusted for inflation.  See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.  Note: Includes taxes. 
[b] Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices. 
to public authorities, agricultural and irrigation, and transportation including  Source:  Table 9.8. 
railroads and railways.   

164  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 9.8 Average Retail Prices of Electricity
(Centsa per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)
Residential Commercialb Industrialc Transportationd Othere Total

1960 Average ...................... 2.60 2.40 1.10 NA 1.90 1.80

1965 Average ...................... 2.40 2.20 1.00 NA 1.80 1.70
1970 Average ...................... 2.20 2.10 1.00 NA 1.80 1.70
1975 Average ...................... 3.50 3.50 2.10 NA 3.10 2.90
1980 Average ...................... 5.40 5.50 3.70 NA 4.80 4.70
1985 Average ...................... 7.39 7.27 4.97 NA 6.09 6.44
1990 Average ...................... 7.83 7.34 4.74 NA 6.40 6.57
1995 Average ...................... 8.40 7.69 4.66 NA 6.88 6.89
2000 Average ...................... 8.24 7.43 4.64 NA 6.56 6.81
2005 Average ...................... 9.45 8.67 5.73 8.57 –– 8.14
2006 Average ...................... 10.40 9.46 6.16 9.54 –– 8.90
2007 Average ...................... 10.65 9.65 6.39 9.70 –– 9.13
2008 Average ...................... 11.26 10.26 6.96 10.71 –– 9.74
2009 Average ...................... 11.51 10.16 6.83 10.66 –– 9.82
2010 Average ...................... 11.54 10.19 6.77 10.56 –– 9.83
2011 Average ...................... 11.72 10.24 6.82 10.46 –– 9.90
2012 Average ...................... 11.88 10.09 6.67 10.21 –– 9.84
2013 Average ...................... 12.13 10.26 6.89 10.55 –– 10.07
2014 Average ...................... 12.52 10.74 7.10 10.45 –– 10.44
2015 Average ...................... 12.65 10.64 6.91 10.09 –– 10.41
2016 Average ...................... 12.55 10.43 6.76 9.63 –– 10.27
2017 Average ...................... 12.89 10.66 6.88 9.68 –– 10.48
2018 Average ...................... 12.87 10.67 6.92 9.70 –– 10.53

2019 January ........................ 12.47 10.30 6.58 9.83 –– 10.24

February ..................... 12.72 10.54 6.69 10.02 –– 10.40
March ........................... 12.84 10.46 6.73 9.25 –– 10.34
April ............................. 13.25 10.52 6.51 9.45 –– 10.24
May .............................. 13.31 10.54 6.69 9.46 –– 10.38
June ............................. 13.32 10.90 6.87 10.01 –– 10.74
July .............................. 13.26 11.02 7.14 9.82 –– 11.00
August ......................... 13.30 11.02 7.40 9.65 –– 11.05
September ................... 13.16 10.96 7.06 9.78 –– 10.82
October ........................ 12.81 10.74 6.84 9.72 –– 10.39
November .................... 13.03 10.57 6.72 9.52 –– 10.38
December .................... 12.68 10.32 6.38 9.46 –– 10.22
Average ...................... 13.01 10.68 6.81 9.66 –– 10.54

2020 January ........................ 12.79 10.23 6.34 9.67 –– 10.28

February ...................... 12.85 10.36 6.41 9.45 –– 10.29
March ........................... 13.08 10.41 6.38 9.82 –– 10.29
April ............................. 13.28 10.42 6.40 9.63 –– 10.41
May .............................. 13.15 10.45 6.53 9.34 –– 10.47
June ............................. 13.27 10.95 6.93 10.53 –– 10.96
July .............................. 13.25 10.90 7.17 10.24 –– 11.14
August ......................... 13.31 10.95 7.07 10.25 –– 11.10
September ................... 13.54 11.07 7.01 10.34 –– 11.07
October ........................ 13.70 10.79 6.71 9.88 –– 10.73
November .................... 13.35 10.59 6.48 9.89 –– 10.45
December .................... 12.80 10.48 6.40 9.81 –– 10.44
Average ...................... 13.20 10.65 6.66 9.90 –– 10.66

2021 January ........................ 12.69 10.31 6.35 9.64 –– 10.35

February ...................... 13.34 11.93 8.15 9.93 –– 11.60
March ........................... 13.29 11.13 7.01 9.80 –– 10.90
April ............................. 13.76 10.99 6.77 10.11 –– 10.73
May .............................. 13.71 10.84 6.65 10.13 –– 10.65
June ............................. 13.85 11.34 7.27 10.38 –– 11.30
July .............................. 13.90 11.57 7.53 10.19 –– 11.57
August ......................... 13.99 11.60 7.65 10.19 –– 11.65
8-Month Average ....... 13.57 11.23 7.18 10.04 –– 11.13
2020 8-Month Average ....... 13.14 10.61 6.67 9.86 –– 10.65
2019 8-Month Average ....... 13.06 10.68 6.84 9.68 –– 10.58

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. (Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.5 million or more; Class B
b Commercial sector. For 1960–2002, prices exclude public street and highway utilities are those with operating revenues between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For
lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 1980–1982, data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric operating
c Industrial sector. For 1960–2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation. revenues were $100 million or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are
d Transportation sector, including railroads and railways. for a selected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census
e Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, data also include energy service providers
public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads selling to retail customers. • See Note 7, "Electricity Retail Prices," at end of
and railways. section for plant coverage, and for information on preliminary and final values.
NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Notes: • Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
"Transportation," and the categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1960 and monthly data
redefined. • Prices are calculated by dividing revenue by sales. Revenue may not beginning in 1976.
correspond to sales for a particular month because of energy service provider Sources: • 1960–September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5,
billing and accounting procedures. That lack of correspondence could result in "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • October
uncharacteristic increases or decreases in the monthly prices. • Prices include 1977–February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form
state and local taxes, energy or demand charges, customer service charges, FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • March
environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other 1980–1982: FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."
miscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing • 1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric
operations. Prices do not include deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, Utility Company Monthly Statement." • 1984–2010: EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual
such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from previous reporting periods. Electric Power Industry Report." • 2011 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly,
• Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities only. October 2021, Table 5.3.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  165 
Figure 9.3  Cost of Fossil‐Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 
                           (Dollars [a] per Million Btu, Including Taxes) 
 

Costs, 1973–2020
25
Residual Fuel Oil

20

15

10

Natural Gas
5
Coal

0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Costs, Monthly
20

15

Residual Fuel Oil

10

5
Natural Gas

Coal
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

By Fuel Type
August 2019 August 2020 August 2021

20

16.03
14.82 14.47
15 13.72

10.44
9.66
10

5 4.30
3.21
2.42 2.39 2.00 2.06
1.72 1.87 1.94

0
Distillate Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil Natural Gas Petroleum Coke Coal
 

[a] Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices. 
Glossary.  Source:  Table 9.9. 

 
 

166  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 9.9 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants
(Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)
Petroleum

Coal Residual Fuel Oilb Distillate Fuel Oilc Petroleum Coke Totald Natural Gase All Fossil Fuelsf

1973 Average .................... 0.41 0.79 NA NA 0.80 0.34 0.48

1975 Average .................... .81 2.01 NA NA 2.02 .75 1.04
1980 Average .................... 1.35 4.27 NA NA 4.35 2.20 1.93
1985 Average .................... 1.65 4.24 NA NA 4.32 3.44 2.09
1990 Average .................... 1.45 3.32 5.38 .80 3.35 2.32 1.69
1995 Average .................... 1.32 2.59 3.99 .65 2.57 1.98 1.45
2000 Average .................... 1.25 3.73 5.34 .78 3.34 3.56 1.86
2005 Averageg ................... 1.54 7.06 11.72 1.11 6.44 8.21 3.25
2006 Average .................... 1.69 7.85 13.28 1.33 6.23 6.94 3.02
2007 Average .................... 1.77 8.64 14.85 1.51 7.17 7.11 3.23
2008 Average .................... 2.07 13.62 21.46 2.11 10.87 9.01 4.12
2009 Average .................... 2.21 8.98 13.22 1.61 7.02 4.74 3.04
2010 Average .................... 2.27 12.57 16.61 2.28 9.54 5.09 3.26
2011 Average .................... 2.39 18.35 22.46 3.03 12.48 4.72 3.29
2012 Average .................... 2.38 21.03 23.49 2.24 12.48 3.42 2.83
2013 Average .................... 2.34 19.26 23.03 2.18 11.57 4.33 3.09
2014 Average .................... 2.37 18.30 21.88 1.98 11.60 5.00 3.31
2015 Average .................... 2.22 9.89 14.06 1.84 6.74 3.23 2.65
2016 Average .................... 2.11 8.45 10.90 1.65 5.24 2.87 2.47
2017 Average .................... 2.06 11.00 13.22 2.13 7.10 3.37 2.65
2018 Average .................... 2.06 12.97 16.16 2.54 9.68 3.55 2.83

2019 January ...................... 2.10 11.30 14.12 2.08 8.53 4.00 3.01
February ................... 2.07 12.28 15.19 2.27 9.60 3.63 2.86
March ......................... 2.08 13.68 15.70 2.43 10.52 3.46 2.81
April ........................... 2.07 13.89 16.35 2.71 11.12 2.89 2.50
May ............................ 2.05 13.47 16.19 2.24 9.52 2.77 2.44
June ........................... 2.03 12.92 14.85 2.18 9.64 2.58 2.36
July ............................ 2.02 12.93 15.10 2.01 7.99 2.54 2.34
August ....................... 2.00 13.72 14.82 1.72 6.94 2.42 2.26
September ................. 1.96 11.53 15.04 1.67 9.23 2.59 2.34
October ...................... 1.96 12.65 15.37 1.57 10.58 2.49 2.27
November .................. 1.96 12.05 15.28 1.46 7.75 2.96 2.50
December .................. 1.91 12.85 14.73 1.14 8.68 2.91 2.47
Average .................... 2.02 12.66 15.19 1.91 9.07 2.89 2.50

2020 January ...................... 1.94 13.15 14.54 1.53 6.32 2.63 2.32
February .................... 1.91 12.68 13.78 1.47 7.12 2.40 2.22
March ......................... 1.94 10.29 10.83 1.36 6.61 2.14 2.09
April ........................... 1.93 8.19 8.82 1.38 4.55 2.10 2.04
May ............................ 1.90 5.69 7.29 1.61 4.26 2.16 2.07
June ........................... 1.91 6.25 8.97 1.46 4.61 2.01 1.99
July ............................ 1.91 7.38 10.68 1.54 4.96 2.03 2.01
August ....................... 1.94 9.66 10.44 1.87 5.27 2.39 2.22
September ................. 1.94 9.56 9.83 1.93 6.21 2.42 2.23
October ...................... 1.92 8.68 10.07 2.08 6.63 2.49 2.26
November .................. 1.91 8.83 10.35 2.25 6.10 2.99 2.48
December .................. 1.92 9.20 11.14 2.33 7.01 3.17 2.61
Average .................... 1.92 9.08 10.54 1.70 5.81 2.39 2.21

2021 January ...................... 1.90 10.32 12.16 2.59 7.28 3.19 2.63
February .................... 1.93 11.37 13.69 2.33 8.68 15.52 9.34
March ......................... 1.90 12.41 14.74 2.56 7.75 3.26 2.63
April ........................... 1.90 12.81 14.76 2.88 8.02 3.01 2.51
May ............................ 1.90 12.82 15.09 2.73 8.58 3.24 2.62
June ........................... 1.96 13.56 15.73 3.34 9.74 3.45 2.83
July ............................ 2.01 14.34 16.00 3.35 9.25 3.99 3.19
August ....................... 2.06 14.47 16.03 3.21 10.44 4.30 3.39
8-Month Average ..... 1.95 12.71 14.75 2.87 8.69 4.83 3.54

2020 8-Month Average ..... 1.92 9.11 10.58 1.54 5.51 2.23 2.12
2019 8-Month Average ..... 2.05 12.92 15.25 2.14 9.16 2.96 2.56

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. commercial and industrial sectors.
b For 1973–2001, electric utility data are for heavy oil (fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and NA=Not available.
small amounts of fuel oil no. 4). Notes: • Receipts are purchases of fuel. • Yearly costs are averages of
c For 1973–2001, electric utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2). monthly values, weighted by quantities in Btu. • For this table, there are several
d For all years, includes residual fuel oil and distillate fuel oil. For 1990 forward, breaks in the data series related to what plants and fuels are covered. Beginning in
also includes petroleum coke. For 1973–2012, also includes jet fuel, kerosene, and 2013, data cover all regulated generating plants; plus unregulated plants whose
waste oil. For 1983–2012, also includes other petroleum, such as propane and total fossil-fueled nameplate generating capacity is 50 megawatts or more for coal,
refined motor oil. and 200 megawatts or more for natural gas, residual fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, and
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. For petroleum coke. For data coverage before 2013, see EIA, Electric Power Monthly,
1973–2000, data also include a small amount of blast furnace gas and other gases Appendix C, Form EIA-923 notes, "Receipts and cost and quality of fossil fuels"
derived from fossil fuels. section. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
f Weighted average of costs shown under "Coal," "Petroleum," and "Natural Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
Gas." CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
g Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 2002, data also Sources: See end of section.
include independent power producers, and electric generating plants in the
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  167 
Figure 9.4  Natural Gas Prices 
                           (Dollars [a] per Thousand Cubic Feet) 

Wellhead and Citygate, 1949–2020

10 City Gate

4
Wellhead

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Consuming Sectors,1967–2020
16
Residential [b]

12 Transportation

8 Industrial [b]

Commercial [b]

Electric Power [b]

0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Consuming Sectors, Monthly

25

20 Residential [b]

15

10 Commercial [b]

5 Industrial [b]

Electric Power [b]

0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2019 2020 2021
 
 

[a] Prices are not adjusted for inflation.  See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices. 
[b] Includes taxes.  Source:  Table 9.10. 

168  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table 9.10 Natural Gas Prices
(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Consuming Sectorsb
Residential Commercialc Industriald Transportation Electric Powere
City-
Wellhead gate Percentage Percentage Percentage Vehicle Fuelj Percentage
Pricef Priceg Priceh of Sectori Priceh of Sectori Priceh of Sectori Priceh Priceh of Sectori,k

1950 Average .................... 0.07 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

1955 Average .................... .10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1960 Average .................... .14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1965 Average .................... .16 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1970 Average .................... .17 NA 1.09 NA .77 NA .37 NA NA .29 NA
1975 Average .................... .44 NA 1.71 NA 1.35 NA .96 NA NA .77 96.1
1980 Average .................... 1.59 NA 3.68 NA 3.39 NA 2.56 NA NA 2.27 96.9
1985 Average .................... 2.51 3.75 6.12 NA 5.50 NA 3.95 68.8 NA 3.55 94.0
1990 Average .................... 1.71 3.03 5.80 99.2 4.83 86.6 2.93 35.2 3.39 2.38 76.8
1995 Average .................... 1.55 2.78 6.06 99.0 5.05 76.7 2.71 24.5 3.98 2.02 71.4
2000 Average .................... 3.68 4.62 7.76 92.6 6.59 63.9 4.45 19.8 5.54 4.38 50.5
2005 Average .................... 7.33 8.67 12.70 98.1 11.34 82.1 8.56 24.0 9.14 8.47 91.3
2006 Average .................... 6.39 8.61 13.73 98.1 12.00 80.8 7.87 23.4 8.72 7.11 93.4
2007 Average .................... 6.25 8.16 13.08 98.0 11.34 80.4 7.68 22.2 8.50 7.31 92.2
2008 Average .................... 7.97 9.18 13.89 97.5 12.23 79.7 9.65 20.4 11.75 9.26 101.1
2009 Average .................... 3.67 6.48 12.14 97.4 10.06 77.8 5.33 18.8 8.13 4.93 101.1
2010 Average .................... 4.48 6.18 11.39 97.4 9.47 77.5 5.49 18.0 6.25 5.27 100.8
2011 Average .................... 3.95 5.63 11.03 96.3 8.91 67.3 5.13 16.3 7.48 4.89 101.2
2012 Average .................... E 2.66 4.73 10.65 95.8 8.10 65.2 3.88 16.2 8.04 3.54 95.5
2013 Average .................... NA 4.88 10.32 95.7 8.08 65.8 4.64 16.6 9.76 4.49 94.9
2014 Average .................... NA 5.71 10.97 95.5 8.90 65.8 5.62 15.9 NA 5.19 94.6
2015 Average .................... NA 4.26 10.38 95.6 7.91 65.7 3.93 14.8 NA 3.38 94.6
2016 Average .................... NA 3.71 10.05 95.8 7.28 64.8 3.51 14.9 NA 2.99 95.6
2017 Average .................... NA 4.16 10.91 95.9 7.88 65.4 4.08 14.8 NA 3.51 95.4
2018 Average .................... NA 4.23 10.50 96.0 7.79 65.8 4.19 14.5 NA 3.68 95.4
2019 January ...................... NA 4.03 9.36 96.4 7.67 70.1 5.02 13.7 NA 4.16 96.4
February .................... NA 3.91 9.40 96.1 7.54 69.3 4.62 14.1 NA 3.78 95.5
March ......................... NA 4.07 9.42 96.0 7.40 69.1 4.31 13.7 NA 3.60 95.7
April ........................... NA 3.72 10.85 95.6 7.72 64.1 3.99 13.0 NA 2.99 96.2
May ............................ NA 3.66 12.76 95.7 8.06 60.6 3.64 12.7 NA 2.85 97.9
June ........................... NA 4.17 15.60 95.6 8.29 58.1 3.55 12.4 NA 2.66 97.1
July ............................ NA 4.17 17.74 95.9 8.47 56.0 3.33 13.0 NA 2.63 96.6
August ....................... NA 4.15 18.37 96.1 8.41 55.6 3.18 12.4 NA 2.50 96.5
September ................. NA 4.07 17.61 96.2 8.34 56.2 3.35 12.2 NA 2.68 96.8
October ...................... NA 3.42 12.50 96.8 7.63 60.3 3.43 12.0 NA 2.58 96.5
November .................. NA 3.46 9.33 96.6 6.98 66.7 3.86 12.7 NA 3.08 96.3
December .................. NA 3.50 9.30 96.4 7.19 68.8 3.84 13.0 NA 3.04 96.4
Average .................... NA 3.81 10.51 96.2 7.61 65.5 3.90 13.0 NA 2.99 96.5

2020 January ...................... NA 3.26 9.43 96.4 7.24 69.4 3.70 13.2 NA 2.74 89.2
February .................... NA 3.09 9.19 96.3 7.03 68.9 3.58 13.3 NA 2.50 90.4
March ......................... NA 3.25 9.80 96.0 7.29 66.5 3.38 13.1 NA 2.23 88.9
April ........................... NA 3.05 10.42 95.9 7.24 63.7 2.99 12.9 NA 2.20 89.7
May ............................ NA 3.31 11.79 95.7 7.73 58.9 2.90 13.2 NA 2.25 89.6
June ........................... NA 3.81 15.33 95.9 8.24 56.4 2.71 13.0 NA 2.08 88.3
July ............................ NA 3.92 17.49 96.3 8.49 55.8 2.57 12.9 NA 2.10 85.5
August ....................... NA 4.09 18.27 95.9 8.48 54.3 2.84 12.8 NA 2.47 87.3
September ................. NA 4.07 16.85 96.6 8.45 54.9 3.29 13.2 NA 2.49 87.8
October ...................... NA 3.50 12.26 96.6 7.59 60.6 3.28 13.0 NA 2.57 88.4
November .................. NA 3.81 10.99 96.8 7.64 65.4 3.98 13.2 NA 3.08 90.7
December .................. NA 3.57 9.75 96.8 7.39 69.6 4.10 13.8 NA 3.30 90.8
Average .................... NA 3.43 10.78 96.3 7.49 64.6 3.32 13.2 NA 2.48 88.6
2021 January ...................... NA 3.46 9.68 96.7 7.41 70.3 4.07 13.4 NA 3.33 91.2
February .................... NA 12.45 9.31 96.7 7.35 70.2 9.33 12.7 NA 16.29 88.2
March ......................... NA 4.04 10.51 96.4 7.99 67.9 4.40 13.8 NA 3.41 89.8
April ........................... NA 3.84 12.25 96.3 8.40 64.9 4.00 13.5 NA 3.14 88.8
May ............................ NA 4.34 14.13 96.1 8.96 60.3 4.12 13.3 NA 3.35 89.2
June ........................... NA 4.87 17.73 96.1 9.59 57.0 4.15 13.0 NA 3.57 88.2
July ............................ NA 5.61 19.94 96.6 9.87 55.5 4.73 12.9 NA 4.13 86.8
August ....................... NA 5.67 20.96 96.5 10.18 54.8 5.02 13.0 NA 4.45 86.6
8-Month Average ..... NA 6.14 11.39 96.5 8.14 65.6 4.93 13.2 NA 5.03 88.4

2020 8-Month Average ..... NA 3.30 10.64 96.1 7.42 64.6 3.12 13.1 NA 2.32 88.3
2019 8-Month Average ..... NA 3.97 10.58 96.0 7.74 65.7 4.02 13.2 NA 3.07 96.5

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. j Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to
b See Note 8, "Natural Gas Prices," at end of section. fueling stations that are used primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the
c Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in the operation of fleet
and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants vehicles.
Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. k Percentages exceed 100% when reported natural gas receipts are greater
d Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and than reported natural gas consumption—this can occur when
industrial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into combined-heat-and-power plants report fuel receipts related to non-electric
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. generating activities.
e The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and NA=Not available. E=Estimate.
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose Notes: • Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. gaseous fuels. • Prices are intended to include all taxes. See Note 8, "Natural
Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data also Gas Prices," at end of section. • Wellhead annual and year-to-date prices are
include independent power producers. simple averages of the monthly prices; all other annual and year-to-date prices are
f See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. volume-weighted averages of the monthly prices. • Geographic coverage is the 50
g See "Citygate" in Glossary. states and the District of Columbia.
h Includes taxes. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
i The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 4.3 for which price data CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
are available. For details on how the percentages are derived, see Table 9.10 beginning in 1976.
sources at end of section. Sources: See end of section.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  169 
Energy Prices
Note 1.  Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs.  Beginning with January 1981, refiner acquisition costs of crude oil are 
from data collected on U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Form EIA‐14, "Refiners' Monthly Cost Report."  
Those costs were previously published from data collected on Economic Regulatory Administration (ERA) Form ERA‐49, 
"Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements Program Refiners Monthly Report."  Form ERA‐49 was discontinued with the decontrol 
of crude oil on January 28, 1981.  Crude oil purchases and costs are defined for Form EIA‐14 in accordance with 
conventions used for Form ERA‐49.  The respondents for the two forms are also essentially the same.  However, due to 
possible different interpretations of the filing requirements and a different method for handling prior period 
adjustments, care must be taken when comparing the data collected on the two forms. 

The refiner acquisition cost of crude oil is the average price paid by refiners for crude oil booked into their refineries in 
accordance with accounting procedures generally accepted and consistently and historically applied by the refiners 
concerned.  Domestic crude oil is that oil produced in the United States or from the outer continental shelf as defined in 
43 USC Section 1331.  Imported crude oil is either that oil reported on Form ERA‐51, "Transfer Pricing Report," or any 
crude oil that is not domestic oil.  The composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and imported crude oil costs. 

Crude oil costs and volumes reported on Form ERA‐49 excluded unfinished oils but included the Strategic Petroleum 
Reserve (SPR).  Crude oil costs and volumes reported on Federal Energy Administration (FEA) Form FEA‐P110‐M‐1, 
"Refiners' Monthly Cost Allocation Report," included unfinished oils but excluded SPR.  Imported averages derived from 
Form ERA‐49 exclude oil purchased for SPR, whereas the composite averages derived from Form ERA‐49 include SPR.  
None of the prices derived from Form EIA‐14 include either unfinished oils or SPR. 

Note 2.  Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices.  The average domestic first purchase price represents the average 
price at which all domestic crude oil is purchased.  Crude oil domestic first purchase prices were derived as follows: for 
1949–1973, weighted average domestic first purchase values as reported by state agencies and calculated by the Bureau 
of Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of a sample survey of major first purchasers' purchases; for 1976 
forward, weighted averages of all first purchasers' purchases.  The data series was previously called "Actual Domestic 
Wellhead Price." 

Note 3.  Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs.  F.O.B. literally means "Free on Board."  It denotes a transaction whereby the seller 
makes the product available with an agreement on a given port at a given price; it is the responsibility of the buyer to 
arrange for the transportation and insurance. 

Note 4.  Crude Oil Landed Costs.  The landed cost of imported crude oil from selected countries does not represent the 
total cost of all imported crude.  Prior to April 1975, imported crude costs to U.S. company‐owned refineries in the 
Caribbean were not included in the landed cost, and costs of crude oil from countries that export only small amounts to 
the United States were also excluded.  Beginning in April 1975, however, coverage was expanded to include U.S. 
company‐owned refineries in the Caribbean.  Landed costs do not include supplemental fees. 

Note 5.  Motor Gasoline Prices.  Several different series of motor gasoline prices are published in this section. U.S. city 
average retail prices of motor gasoline by grade are calculated monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics during the 
development of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). These prices include all federal, state, and local taxes paid at the time of 
sale. Prior to 1977, prices were collected in 56 urban areas. From 1978 forward, prices are collected from a new sample 
of service stations in 85 urban areas selected to represent all urban consumers—about 80 percent of the total U.S. 
population. The service stations are selected initially, and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they represent the 
purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service stations in the current sample include those providing all types of 
service (i.e., full‐, mini‐, and self‐serve). 

Regular motor gasoline prices by area type are determined by EIA in a weekly survey of retail motor gasoline outlets 
(Form EIA‐878, "Motor Gasoline Price Survey").  Prices include all federal, state, and local taxes paid at the time of sale.  
A representative sample of outlets by geographic area and size is randomly selected from a sampling frame of 
approximately 115,000 retail motor gasoline outlets.  Monthly and annual prices are simple averages of weighted  

170  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

weekly estimates from "Weekly U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade."  For more information on the survey 
methodology, see EIA, Weekly Petroleum Status Report, Appendix B, "Weekly Petroleum Price Surveys" section. 

Refiner prices of finished motor gasoline for resale and to end users are determined by EIA in a monthly survey of 
refiners and gas plant operators (Form EIA‐782A). The prices do not include any federal, state, or local taxes paid at the 
time of sale. Estimates of prices prior to January 1983 are based on Form FEA‐P302‐M‐1/EIA‐460, "Petroleum Industry 
Monthly Report for Product Prices," and also exclude all federal, state, or local taxes paid at the time of sale. Sales for 
resale are those made to purchasers who are other‐than‐ultimate consumers. Sales to end users are sales made directly 
to the consumer of the product, including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and utilities) and residential and 
commercial consumers. 

Note 6.  Historical Petroleum Prices.  Starting in January 1983, Form EIA‐782, "Monthly Petroleum Product Sales 
Report," replaced 10 previous surveys.  Every attempt was made to continue the most important price series.  However, 
prices published through December 1982 and those published since January 1983 do not necessarily form continuous 
data series due to changes in survey forms, definitions, instructions, populations, samples, processing systems, and 
statistical procedures.  To provide historical data, continuous series were generated for annual data 1978–1982 and for 
monthly data 1981 and 1982 by estimating the prices that would have been published had Form EIA‐782 survey and 
system been in operation at that time.  This form of estimation was performed after detailed adjustment was made for 
product and sales type matching and for discontinuity due to other factors.  An important difference between the 
previous and present prices is the distinction between wholesale and resale and between retail and end user.  The resale 
category continues to include sales among resellers.  However, sales to bulk consumers, such as utility, industrial, and 
commercial accounts previously included in the wholesale category, are now counted as made to end users.  The end‐
user category continues to include retail sales through company‐owned and operated outlets but also includes sales to 
the bulk consumers such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities.  Additional information may be found in 
"Estimated Historic Time Series for the EIA‐782," a feature article by Paula Weir, printed in the December 1983 [3] 
Petroleum Marketing Monthly, published by EIA. 

Note 7.  Electricity Retail Prices.  Average annual retail prices of electricity have the following plant coverage: Through 
1979, annual data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities only. For 1980–1982, annual data are for 
selected Class A utilities whose electric operating revenues were $100 million or more during the previous year. For 
1983, annual data are for a selected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census of electric 
utilities. Beginning in 1996, annual data also include energy service providers selling to retail customers. 

Average monthly retail prices of electricity have the following plant coverage: Through 1985, monthly data are derived 
from selected privately owned electric utilities and, therefore, are not national averages. Beginning in 1986, monthly 
data are based on a sample of publicly and privately owned electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, monthly data also 
include energy service providers selling to retail customers. 

Preliminary monthly data are from Form EIA‐861M (formerly Form EIA‐826), "Monthly Electric Power Industry Report," 
which is a monthly collection of data from approximately 450 of the largest publicly and privately owned electric utilities 
as well as a census of energy service providers with retail sales in deregulated states; a model is then applied to the 
collected data to estimate for the entire universe of U.S. electric utilities. Preliminary annual data are the sum of the 
monthly revenues divided by the sum of the monthly sales. When final annual data become available each year from 
Form EIA‐861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report," their ratios to the preliminary Form EIA‐861M values are used to 
derive adjusted final monthly values. 

Note 8.  Natural Gas Prices.  Natural gas prices are intended to include all taxes.  Instructions on the data collection 
forms specifically direct that all federal, state, and local taxes, surcharges, and/or adjustments billed to consumers are to 
be included.  However, sales and other taxes itemized on more than 3,000 consumers' bills are sometimes excluded by 
the reporting utilities. Delivered‐to‐consumers prices for 1987 forward represent natural gas delivered and sold to 
residential, commercial, industrial, vehicle fuel, and electric power consumers.  They do not include the price of natural  

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  171 
 

gas delivered on behalf of third parties to residential, commercial, industrial, and vehicle fuel customers except for 
certain states in the residential and commercial sectors for 2002 forward.  Volumes of natural gas delivered on behalf of 
third parties are included in the consumption data shown in Table 4.3.  Additional information is available in EIA, Natural 
Gas Monthly, Appendix C.  

Table 9.1 Sources  
Domestic First Purchase Price
1949–1976:  U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and 
Petroleum Products" chapter. 

1977:  Federal Energy Administration, based on Form FEA‐P124, "Domestic Crude Oil Purchaser's Monthly Report."  

1978–2009:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 1. 

2010 forward:  EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, October 2021, Table 1. 

F.O.B. and Landed Cost of Imports

October 1973–September 1977:  Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA‐F701‐M‐0, "Transfer Pricing Report." 

October–December 1977:  EIA, Form FEA‐F701‐M‐0, "Transfer Pricing Report." 

1978–2009:  EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 1. 

2010 forward:  EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, October 2021, Table 1. 

Refiner Acquisition Cost

1968–1973:  EIA estimates.  The cost of domestic crude oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the 
reported average domestic first purchase price. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by adding an estimated 
ocean transport cost based on the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the average "Free Alongside Ship" 
value published by the U.S. Census Bureau. 

1974–1976:  DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products" chapter. 

1977:  January–September, FEA, based on Form FEA‐P110‐M‐1, "Refiners' Monthly Cost Allocation Report." 

1977:  October–December, EIA, based on Form FEA‐P110‐M‐1, "Refiners' Monthly Cost Allocation Report." 

1978–2009:  EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 1.  

2010 forward:  EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, October 2021, Table 1. 

Table 9.2 Sources 
October 1973–September 1977:  Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA‐F701‐M‐0, "Transfer Pricing Report."   

October 1977–December 1977:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form FEA‐F701‐M‐0, "Transfer Pricing 
Report." 

1978–2009:  EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 21. 

2010 forward:  EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, October 2021, Table 21. 

Table 9.9 Sources 
1973–September 1977:  Federal Power Commission, Form FPC‐423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for  

172  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

Electric Utility Plants."  October 1977–December 1977:  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FERC‐423, 
"Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants." 

1978 and 1979:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form FERC‐423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of 
Fuels for Electric Utility Plants." 

1980–1989:  EIA, Electric Power Monthly, July issues.   

1990–2000:  EIA, Electric Power Monthly, April 2003, Table 26. 

2001–2007:  EIA, Electric Power Monthly, October 2008, Table 4.1; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form        
FERC‐423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants"; and EIA, Form EIA‐423, "Monthly Cost 
and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report." 

2008 forward:  EIA, Electric Power Monthly, November 2021, Table 4.1; and Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations 
Report." 

Table 9.10 Sources 
All Prices Except Vehicle Fuel and Electric Power
1949–2015: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished 
revisions.  

2016 forward:  EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), November 2021, Table 3. 

Vehicle Fuel Price

1989–2013: EIA, NGA, annual reports. 

Electric Power Sector Price

1967–1972:  EIA, NGA, annual reports.  

1973–1998: EIA, NGA 2000, Table 96. 

1999–2002: EIA, NGM, November 2004, Table 4.  

2003–2007:  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FERC‐423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for 
Electric Utility Plants," and EIA, Form EIA‐423 "Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report." 

2008 forward:  Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report." 

Percentage of Residential Sector

1989–2013: EIA, Form EIA‐176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition."  Calculated as 
the total amount of natural gas delivered to residential consumers minus the amount delivered for the account of 
others, and then divided by the total amount delivered to residential consumers. 

2014 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐857, "Monthly Report of Natural Gas Purchases and Deliveries to Consumers." 

Percentage of Commercial Sector

1987–2015: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the total amount of natural gas delivered to commercial consumers 
minus the amount delivered for the account of others, and then divided by the total amount delivered to commercial 
consumers. 

2016 forward:  EIA, NGM, October 2021, Table 3. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  173 
Percentage of Industrial Sector
1982–2015: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the total amount of natural gas delivered to industrial consumers 
minus the amount delivered for the account of others, and then divided by the total amount delivered to industrial 
consumers. 

2016 forward:  EIA, NGM, October 2021, Table 3. 

Percentage of Electric Power Sector

1973–2001: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities reported on Form FERC‐423, 
"Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (and predecessor forms) divided by the quantity 
of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 1973 –1988, see Monthly Energy Review (MER), Table 7.3b; for 
1989–2001, see MER, Table 7.4b). 

2002–2007: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power 
producers reported on Form FERC‐423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants," and EIA‐
423, "Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report," divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by 
the electric power sector (see MER, Table 7.4b). 

2008 forward:  Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power 
producers reported on Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report," divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed 
by the electric power sector (see MER, Table 7.4b). 

174  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

10. Renewable
Energy
 
Figure 10.1  Renewable Energy Consumption 
                               (Quadrillion Btu) 
 

Major Sources, 1949–2020

6

Biomass [a]

4 Hydroelectric Power [b]

Wind [a] Solar [a]

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

By Source, 2020 By Sector, 2020

4 8
7.0

3.0
3 6
2.6

2.1 2.1
2 4

1.2 2.3
1 2 1.4
0.4 0.8
0.2 0.3
0 0
Wind [a] Hydroelectric Wood [a] Biofuels [a] Solar [a] Waste [a] Geothermal [a] Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric
Power [b] Power
 
 

Compared With Other Resources, 1949–2020

100
Fossil Fuels

80

60

40

20
Nuclear Electric Power
Renewable Energy

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 

[a] See Table 10.1 for definition.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable. 
[b] Conventional hydroelectric power.  Sources:  Tables 1.3 and 10.1–10.2c. 

176  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source
(Trillion Btu)
Productiona Consumption

Biomass Total Biomass Total

Renew- Hydro- Renew-
Bio- able electric Geo- Bio- able
Woodb fuelsc Totald Energye Powerf thermalg Solarh Windi Woodj Wastek fuelsl Total Energy

1950 Total .................... 1,562 NA 1,562 2,978 1,415 NA NA NA 1,562 NA NA 1,562 2,978
1955 Total .................... 1,424 NA 1,424 2,784 1,360 NA NA NA 1,424 NA NA 1,424 2,784
1960 Total .................... 1,320 NA 1,320 2,928 1,608 (s) NA NA 1,320 NA NA 1,320 2,928
1965 Total .................... 1,335 NA 1,335 3,396 2,059 2 NA NA 1,335 NA NA 1,335 3,396
1970 Total .................... 1,429 NA 1,431 4,070 2,634 6 NA NA 1,429 2 NA 1,431 4,070
1975 Total .................... 1,497 NA 1,499 4,687 3,155 34 NA NA 1,497 2 NA 1,499 4,687
1980 Total .................... 2,474 NA 2,475 5,428 2,900 53 NA NA 2,474 2 NA 2,475 5,428
1985 Total .................... 2,687 93 3,016 6,084 2,970 97 (s) (s) 2,687 236 93 3,016 6,084
1990 Total .................... 2,216 111 2,735 6,040 3,046 171 59 29 2,216 408 111 2,735 6,040
1995 Total .................... 2,370 198 3,099 6,557 3,205 152 68 33 2,370 531 200 3,101 6,559
2000 Total .................... 2,262 233 3,006 6,102 2,811 164 63 57 2,262 511 236 3,008 6,104
2005 Total .................... 2,137 561 3,101 6,221 2,703 181 58 178 2,137 403 574 3,114 6,234
2006 Total .................... 2,099 716 3,212 6,586 2,869 181 61 264 2,099 397 766 3,262 6,637
2007 Total .................... 2,089 970 3,472 6,510 2,446 186 66 341 2,089 413 983 3,485 6,523
2008 Total .................... 2,059 1,374 3,868 7,192 2,511 192 74 546 2,059 435 1,357 3,851 7,175
2009 Total .................... 1,935 1,570 3,957 7,625 2,669 200 78 721 1,935 452 1,553 3,940 7,608
2010 Total .................... 2,217 1,868 4,553 8,314 2,539 208 91 923 2,217 468 1,821 4,506 8,267
2011 Total .................... 2,213 2,037 4,712 9,308 3,103 212 112 1,168 2,213 462 1,941 4,616 9,212
2012 Total .................... 2,151 1,936 4,554 8,893 2,629 212 159 1,340 2,151 467 1,899 4,517 8,856
2013 Total .................... 2,338 1,996 4,830 9,433 2,562 214 225 1,601 2,338 496 2,022 4,857 9,459
2014 Total .................... 2,401 2,126 5,043 9,789 2,467 214 337 1,728 2,401 516 2,089 5,006 9,752
2015 Total .................... 2,312 2,187 5,017 9,754 2,321 212 427 1,777 2,312 518 2,170 5,000 9,737
2016 Total .................... 2,299 2,309 5,112 10,459 2,472 210 570 2,096 2,226 503 2,313 5,043 10,391
2017 Total .................... 2,263 2,381 5,140 11,237 2,767 210 777 2,343 2,185 495 2,339 5,018 11,116
2018 Total .................... 2,356 2,440 5,283 11,552 2,663 209 915 2,482 2,261 487 2,324 5,073 11,343
2019 January ................ 203 201 443 950 221 18 52 216 196 39 182 418 926
February .............. 184 183 403 880 204 16 56 201 176 36 178 389 867
March ................... 197 196 431 997 235 18 84 230 189 38 192 420 986
April ..................... 186 199 420 1,037 248 16 95 257 178 36 191 405 1,021
May ...................... 193 208 437 1,071 285 17 102 230 185 36 208 429 1,063
June ..................... 192 203 430 1,007 250 17 110 200 182 36 200 418 995
July ...................... 201 209 447 995 222 18 113 197 192 37 205 434 982
August ................. 204 203 444 950 201 18 109 178 193 37 200 431 937
September ........... 192 188 414 910 165 17 95 218 182 35 186 403 899
October ................ 194 199 430 939 163 16 85 246 185 37 199 421 931
November ............ 193 198 428 909 180 14 63 224 184 37 195 416 897
December ............ 202 211 452 949 191 16 53 237 192 39 204 435 932
Total .................... 2,340 2,396 5,178 11,595 2,564 201 1,017 2,635 2,236 442 2,341 5,019 11,436

2020 January ................ 189 209 438 1,000 226 17 66 254 182 39 194 415 978
February .............. 180 193 409 1,000 235 16 78 262 172 36 183 391 982
March ................... 188 190 416 1,002 210 19 94 263 178 38 169 385 970
April ..................... 179 119 334 923 197 18 112 262 171 36 119 326 915
May ...................... 187 144 367 1,041 271 18 132 252 179 36 153 368 1,042
June ..................... 177 171 381 1,051 259 17 130 263 167 33 180 380 1,050
July ...................... 181 187 404 1,006 246 18 139 198 174 35 185 394 997
August ................. 184 185 405 966 214 18 129 200 176 35 182 394 954
September ........... 179 182 395 898 171 18 109 205 169 33 182 384 887
October ................ 182 189 407 946 163 18 101 257 174 36 178 387 926
November ............ 184 193 412 1,006 194 18 81 300 175 35 184 394 988
December ............ 195 196 429 1,017 206 19 74 289 184 38 191 413 1,000
Total .................... 2,207 2,159 4,796 11,854 2,592 214 1,246 3,006 2,101 430 2,100 4,631 11,689

2021 January ................ 189 186 413 1,014 233 18 79 271 181 38 165 383 984
February .............. 171 148 352 892 197 17 88 238 162 33 149 345 884
March ................... 188 189 414 1,098 190 17 125 352 177 37 191 405 1,089
April ..................... 178 182 395 1,047 171 17 144 320 169 35 180 384 1,036
May ...................... 189 202 426 1,111 208 18 163 296 180 36 202 419 1,103
June ..................... 185 196 414 1,048 222 18 160 235 174 33 196 403 1,036
July ...................... R 192 203 R 430 R 1,000 201 18 160 191 184 35 198 417 987
August ................. 190 190 415 1,015 191 18 157 234 181 35 194 410 1,010
8-Month Total ..... 1,482 1,494 3,258 8,224 1,614 139 1,076 2,136 1,407 282 1,476 3,165 8,130
2020 8-Month Total ..... 1,466 1,399 3,153 7,988 1,859 142 880 1,954 1,399 289 1,366 3,054 7,888
2019 8-Month Total ..... 1,559 1,601 3,455 7,888 1,864 138 721 1,709 1,493 295 1,556 3,344 7,777

a For hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass waste, j Wood and wood-derived fuels.
production equals consumption. k Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
b Wood and wood-derived fuels. Through 2015, wood production equals agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes
consumption. Beginning in 2016, wood production equals consumption plus non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
densified biomass exports. tire-derived fuels).
c Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Beginning l Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, and other
in 2011, includes production of renewable diesel fuel. Beginning in 2014, includes biofuels consumption; plus losses and co-products from the production of fuel
production of other biofuels. ethanol and biodiesel.
d Includes biomass waste. R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
e Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass. Notes: • Production data are estimates. Consumption data are estimates,
f Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying except for hydroelectric power in 1949–1978 and 1989 forward, and wind. • See
by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section.
g Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6), and geothermal heat pump and • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
direct use energy. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
h Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal electricity net generation (converted and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6), and solar beginning in 1973.
thermal direct use energy. Sources: • Production: Tables 10.2a–10.4c and U.S. Energy Information
i Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total Administration, Form EIA-63C, "Densified Biomass Fuel Report."
fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). • Consumption: Tables 10.2a–10.2c.
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  177 
Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Residential Sector Commercial Sectora

Biomass Biomass
Hydro-
Geo- electric Geo- Fuel
thermalb Solarc Woodd Total Powere thermalf Solarg Windh Woodd Wastei Ethanolj,k Total Total

1950 Total .................... NA NA 1,006 1,006 NA NA NA NA 19 NA NA 19 19

1955 Total .................... NA NA 775 775 NA NA NA NA 15 NA NA 15 15
1960 Total .................... NA NA 627 627 NA NA NA NA 12 NA NA 12 12
1965 Total .................... NA NA 468 468 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA 9 9
1970 Total .................... NA NA 401 401 NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA 8 8
1975 Total .................... NA NA 425 425 NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA 8 8
1980 Total .................... NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA NA 21 NA NA 21 21
1985 Total .................... NA NA 1,010 1,010 NA NA NA NA 24 NA (s) 24 24
1990 Total .................... 6 55 580 640 1 3 (s) – 66 28 (s) 94 98
1995 Total .................... 7 63 520 589 1 5 (s) – 72 40 (s) 113 119
2000 Total .................... 9 58 420 486 1 8 1 – 71 47 (s) 119 128
2005 Total .................... 16 50 430 496 1 14 2 – 70 34 1 105 121
2006 Total .................... 18 53 380 451 1 14 3 – 65 36 1 103 120
2007 Total .................... 22 55 420 497 1 14 4 – 70 31 2 103 122
2008 Total .................... 26 58 470 555 1 15 6 – 73 34 2 109 131
2009 Total .................... 33 60 504 597 1 17 8 (s) 73 36 3 112 137
2010 Total .................... 37 65 541 642 1 19 12 (s) 72 36 3 111 142
2011 Total .................... 40 71 524 635 (s) 20 20 (s) 69 43 3 115 155
2012 Total .................... 40 79 438 557 (s) 20 33 1 61 45 3 108 162
2013 Total .................... 40 91 572 703 (s) 20 41 1 70 47 3 120 182
2014 Total .................... 40 109 579 728 (s) 20 52 1 76 47 4 127 200
2015 Total .................... 40 128 513 681 (s) 20 57 1 79 47 k 26 152 230
2016 Total .................... 40 162 445 646 2 20 62 1 84 48 26 158 242
2017 Total .................... 40 193 429 662 2 20 76 1 84 48 25 156 255
2018 Total .................... 40 221 524 785 2 20 94 2 84 47 25 156 274
2019 January ................ 3 13 46 63 (s) 2 6 (s) 7 4 2 13 21
February .............. 3 15 42 59 (s) 2 6 (s) 7 3 2 12 20
March ................... 3 21 46 70 (s) 2 9 (s) 7 3 2 13 24
April ..................... 3 23 45 71 (s) 2 10 (s) 7 3 2 12 24
May ...................... 3 26 46 75 (s) 2 10 (s) 7 3 2 12 25
June ..................... 3 26 45 74 (s) 2 11 (s) 7 3 2 12 25
July ...................... 3 27 46 77 (s) 2 11 (s) 7 3 2 13 26
August ................. 3 26 46 76 (s) 2 11 (s) 7 3 2 13 25
September ........... 3 23 45 71 (s) 2 9 (s) 7 3 2 12 24
October ................ 3 20 46 70 (s) 2 8 (s) 7 3 2 13 23
November ............ 3 16 45 64 (s) 2 6 (s) 7 3 2 12 21
December ............ 3 15 46 64 (s) 2 6 (s) 7 3 2 13 21
Total .................... 40 251 544 835 2 24 103 2 84 39 26 149 279

2020 January ................ 3 16 39 58 NM 2 7 (s) 7 3 2 13 22

February .............. 3 18 36 58 NM 2 8 (s) 7 3 2 12 22
March ................... 3 24 39 66 NM 2 10 (s) 7 3 2 12 24
April ..................... 3 26 38 67 NM 2 11 (s) 7 3 1 11 24
May ...................... 3 30 39 72 NM 2 12 (s) 7 3 2 12 26
June ..................... 3 30 38 71 NM 2 12 (s) 7 3 2 12 26
July ...................... 3 31 39 73 NM 2 13 (s) 7 3 2 12 27
August ................. 3 29 39 71 NM 2 12 (s) 7 3 2 12 26
September ........... 3 26 38 66 (s) 2 11 (s) 7 3 2 11 24
October ................ 3 24 39 66 NM 2 10 (s) 7 3 2 12 23
November ............ 3 20 38 60 NM 2 8 (s) 7 3 2 12 21
December ............ 3 18 39 60 NM 2 7 (s) 7 3 2 12 22
Total .................... 40 291 458 788 2 24 121 2 83 36 23 141 289

2021 January ................ 3 19 39 60 NM 2 8 (s) 7 3 2 12 22

February .............. 3 20 35 58 NM 2 9 (s) 6 3 2 11 22
March ................... 3 28 39 70 NM 2 12 (s) 7 3 2 12 26
April ..................... 3 31 37 72 NM 2 13 (s) 7 3 2 11 27
May ...................... 3 35 39 76 NM 2 14 (s) 7 3 2 12 29
June ..................... 3 35 37 76 NM 2 14 (s) 7 3 2 12 29
July ...................... 3 36 39 77 NM 2 15 (s) 7 3 2 12 30
August ................. 3 33 39 75 NM 2 14 (s) 7 3 2 12 29
8-Month Total ..... 26 236 302 564 1 16 100 1 55 24 16 95 213
2020 8-Month Total ..... 26 204 305 535 1 16 85 1 56 24 15 94 198
2019 8-Month Total ..... 26 177 362 566 1 16 73 1 56 26 17 100 191

a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes
and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. tire-derived fuels).
b Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. j The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,
c Distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation in the consumed by the commercial sector.
residential sector (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate k There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a
factors in Table A6) and distributed solar thermal energy in the residential, change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use
commercial, and industrial sectors. See Table 10.5. sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of fuel
d Wood and wood-derived fuels. ethanol consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share
e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying is smaller.
by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5
f Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. Beginning in December 2018, trillion Btu.
also includes geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying Notes: • Residential sector data are estimates. Commercial sector data are
by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). estimates, except for hydroelectric power, wind, and biomass waste. • Totals may
g Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation in the commercial sector not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
(converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
A6), both utility-scale and distributed (small-scale). See Table 10.5. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
h Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). beginning in 1973.
i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, Sources: See end of section.
 
 

178  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora Transportation Sector

Biomass Biomass

Hydro- Geo- Losses

electric ther- Fuel and Co- Fuel Bio-
Powerb malc Solard Winde Woodf Wasteg Ethanolh,i productsj Total Total Ethanoli,k diesell Otherm Total

1950 Total .................... 69 NA NA NA 532 NA NA NA 532 602 NA NA NA NA

1955 Total .................... 38 NA NA NA 631 NA NA NA 631 669 NA NA NA NA
1960 Total .................... 39 NA NA NA 680 NA NA NA 680 719 NA NA NA NA
1965 Total .................... 33 NA NA NA 855 NA NA NA 855 888 NA NA NA NA
1970 Total .................... 34 NA NA NA 1,019 NA NA NA 1,019 1,053 NA NA NA NA
1975 Total .................... 32 NA NA NA 1,063 NA NA NA 1,063 1,096 NA NA NA NA
1980 Total .................... 33 NA NA NA 1,600 NA NA NA 1,600 1,633 NA NA NA NA
1985 Total .................... 33 NA NA NA 1,645 230 1 42 1,918 1,951 50 NA NA 50
1990 Total .................... 31 2 (s) – 1,442 192 1 49 1,684 1,717 60 NA NA 60
1995 Total .................... 55 3 (s) – 1,652 195 2 86 1,934 1,992 112 NA NA 112
2000 Total .................... 42 4 (s) – 1,636 145 1 99 1,881 1,928 135 NA NA 135
2005 Total .................... 32 4 (s) – 1,452 148 7 227 1,834 1,871 327 12 NA 339
2006 Total .................... 29 4 1 – 1,472 130 10 280 1,892 1,926 442 33 NA 475
2007 Total .................... 16 5 1 – 1,413 145 10 369 1,937 1,958 557 45 NA 602
2008 Total .................... 17 5 1 – 1,339 143 12 519 2,012 2,035 786 39 NA 825
2009 Total .................... 18 4 2 – 1,178 154 13 603 1,948 1,972 894 41 NA 935
2010 Total .................... 16 4 3 – 1,409 168 17 727 2,320 2,343 1,041 33 NA 1,075
2011 Total .................... 17 4 4 (s) 1,438 165 17 756 2,375 2,401 1,045 113 8 1,166
2012 Total .................... 22 4 7 (s) 1,462 159 17 711 2,349 2,383 1,045 115 10 1,169
2013 Total .................... 33 4 9 (s) 1,489 187 18 709 2,403 2,449 1,072 182 39 1,292
2014 Total .................... 12 4 11 1 1,495 190 14 757 2,456 2,484 1,093 181 40 1,314
2015 Total .................... 13 4 14 (s) 1,476 190 i 18 776 2,460 2,491 i 1,110 191 50 1,351
2016 Total .................... 12 4 19 1 1,474 174 18 801 2,467 2,503 1,143 266 59 1,469
2017 Total .................... 13 4 22 1 1,442 168 18 821 2,450 2,490 1,156 253 65 1,474
2018 Total .................... 10 4 24 1 1,432 165 19 824 2,440 2,480 1,152 243 60 1,456
2019 January ................ 1 (s) 2 (s) 123 14 1 67 206 209 89 16 7 112
February .............. 1 (s) 2 (s) 112 13 1 61 187 190 90 17 7 113
March ................... 1 (s) 2 (s) 120 14 2 66 201 205 95 20 8 123
April ..................... 1 (s) 3 (s) 113 13 2 66 193 197 94 20 8 122
May ...................... 1 (s) 3 (s) 116 13 2 69 199 204 103 22 10 134
June ..................... 1 (s) 3 (s) 114 12 2 68 196 201 100 20 8 128
July ...................... 1 (s) 3 (s) 120 12 2 69 204 207 100 22 9 131
August ................. 1 (s) 3 (s) 121 12 2 68 203 207 100 21 8 129
September ........... (s) (s) 3 (s) 113 12 1 62 189 192 93 19 8 120
October ................ 1 (s) 2 (s) 117 14 2 66 198 201 101 19 9 129
November ............ 1 (s) 2 (s) 117 13 2 67 198 201 99 17 9 125
December ............ 1 (s) 2 (s) 121 14 2 71 207 210 98 19 13 130
Total .................... 9 4 28 1 1,407 156 19 800 2,381 2,423 1,162 231 104 1,497

2020 January ................ 1 (s) 2 (s) 119 14 2 70 206 209 96 17 8 120

February .............. 1 (s) 2 (s) 113 13 1 64 192 195 88 18 9 115
March ................... 1 (s) 3 (s) 116 14 1 62 193 197 77 19 9 104
April ..................... 1 (s) 3 (s) 113 13 1 36 163 168 54 19 8 82
May ...................... 1 (s) 3 (s) 118 13 1 45 177 182 78 19 8 105
June ..................... 1 (s) 3 1 108 12 1 55 176 181 90 20 12 122
July ...................... 1 (s) 3 1 113 12 1 60 187 192 90 23 9 121
August ................. 1 (s) 3 1 111 12 1 60 185 190 89 21 9 119
September ........... 1 (s) 3 1 112 12 1 59 183 188 88 22 10 120
October ................ 1 (s) 3 1 114 13 1 62 191 195 85 21 6 112
November ............ 1 (s) 2 1 116 13 1 63 194 198 87 20 11 117
December ............ 1 (s) 2 1 121 14 1 63 200 204 89 22 13 124
Total .................... 9 4 32 6 1,376 156 16 699 2,247 2,298 1,011 239 112 1,362

2021 January ................ 1 (s) 2 1 119 14 1 60 195 199 79 13 10 101

February .............. 1 (s) 2 1 105 12 1 48 166 170 73 15 10 98
March ................... 1 (s) 3 1 114 14 2 61 191 196 94 19 13 126
April ..................... 1 (s) 3 1 112 13 1 59 185 190 87 18 13 118
May ...................... 1 (s) 4 1 120 14 2 65 200 205 100 19 15 133
June ..................... 1 (s) 4 1 113 12 2 64 190 195 97 18 13 128
July ...................... 1 (s) 4 (s) 120 12 2 66 199 205 100 18 11 129
August ................. 1 (s) 4 1 115 12 2 61 190 195 97 18 15 130
8-Month Total ..... 6 3 25 5 918 104 12 484 1,517 1,556 727 138 99 964

2020 8-Month Total ..... 6 3 22 2 912 104 11 452 1,479 1,513 662 155 72 889
2019 8-Month Total ..... 7 3 19 1 939 103 12 534 1,589 1,618 771 157 65 992

a Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and is smaller.

industrial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into j Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. Does not include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the
b Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sector
by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
c Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. k The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 and
d Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation in the industrial sector E85, consumed by the transportation sector.
(converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table l Although there is biodiesel use in other sectors, all biodiesel consumption is
A6), both utility-scale and distributed (small-scale). See Table 10.5. assigned to the transportation sector.
e Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total m Renewable diesel fuel and other biofuels consumption. Although there is
fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). renewable diesel fuel and other biofuels use in other sectors, all consumption is
f Wood and wood-derived fuels. assigned to the transportation sector.
g Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes Notes: • Industrial sector data are estimates, except for hydroelectric power in
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and 1949–1978 and 1989 forward, and wind. Transportation sector data are estimates,
tire-derived fuels). except for biodiesel beginning in 2012. • Totals may not equal sum of components
h The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
consumed by the industrial sector. District of Columbia.
i There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of fuel beginning in 1973.
ethanol consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share Sources: See end of section.
 
 

 
 
   

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  179 
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector
(Trillion Btu)
Hydro- Biomass
electric Geo-
Powera thermalb Solarc Windd Woode Wastef Total Total

1950 Total .................... 1,346 NA NA NA 5 NA 5 1,351

1955 Total .................... 1,322 NA NA NA 3 NA 3 1,325
1960 Total .................... 1,569 (s) NA NA 2 NA 2 1,571
1965 Total .................... 2,026 2 NA NA 3 NA 3 2,031
1970 Total .................... 2,600 6 NA NA 1 2 4 2,609
1975 Total .................... 3,122 34 NA NA (s) 2 2 3,158
1980 Total .................... 2,867 53 NA NA 3 2 4 2,925
1985 Total .................... 2,937 97 (s) (s) 8 7 14 3,049
1990 Totalg .................. 3,014 161 4 29 129 188 317 3,524
1995 Total .................... 3,149 138 5 33 125 296 422 3,747
2000 Total .................... 2,768 144 5 57 134 318 453 3,427
2005 Total .................... 2,670 147 6 178 185 221 406 3,406
2006 Total .................... 2,839 145 5 264 182 231 412 3,665
2007 Total .................... 2,430 145 6 341 186 237 423 3,345
2008 Total .................... 2,494 146 9 546 177 258 435 3,630
2009 Total .................... 2,650 146 9 721 180 261 441 3,967
2010 Total .................... 2,521 148 12 923 196 264 459 4,064
2011 Total .................... 3,085 149 17 1,167 182 255 437 4,855
2012 Total .................... 2,606 148 40 1,339 190 262 453 4,586
2013 Total .................... 2,529 151 83 1,600 207 262 470 4,833
2014 Total .................... 2,454 151 165 1,726 251 279 530 5,026
2015 Total .................... 2,308 148 228 1,776 244 281 525 4,985
2016 Total .................... 2,459 146 328 2,094 224 281 505 5,531
2017 Total .................... 2,752 147 486 2,341 229 280 510 6,235
2018 Total .................... 2,651 145 576 2,480 221 275 496 6,348

2019 January ................ 220 12 32 216 19 22 41 520

February .............. 203 11 34 201 16 19 36 485
March ................... 233 12 52 229 16 21 37 564
April ..................... 247 11 60 257 14 20 34 608
May ...................... 284 12 63 229 16 21 37 624
June ..................... 249 12 70 200 16 20 37 567
July ...................... 221 12 72 197 19 21 40 541
August ................. 200 12 69 178 19 21 40 500
September ........... 164 12 60 218 17 20 37 491
October ................ 162 10 54 246 15 21 35 507
November ............ 179 8 38 224 16 20 36 486
December ............ 190 10 30 237 18 22 39 507
Total .................... 2,553 134 635 2,632 201 248 448 6,402

2020 January ................ 225 11 41 254 17 21 38 569

February .............. 234 11 50 262 16 20 36 593
March ................... 209 13 57 263 15 21 37 579
April ..................... 196 13 72 262 13 20 33 575
May ...................... 270 13 86 252 15 20 35 656
June ..................... 258 12 85 262 15 18 33 650
July ...................... 246 13 92 198 16 20 35 583
August ................. 214 12 84 199 19 20 39 548
September ........... 170 12 70 205 13 19 33 489
October ................ 162 12 65 256 14 19 33 529
November ............ 194 13 52 299 15 19 34 591
December ............ 205 13 48 288 17 21 37 590
Total .................... 2,581 147 802 2,998 185 238 424 6,952

2021 January ................ 232 12 51 270 16 20 36 601

February .............. 196 11 57 237 16 18 35 536
March ................... 189 11 83 351 17 20 37 671
April ..................... 171 11 97 319 13 19 32 629
May ...................... 208 12 110 295 15 19 35 659
June ..................... 221 12 107 234 17 19 35 609
July ...................... 200 12 106 190 18 20 38 547
August ................. 190 12 105 233 19 19 39 580
8-Month Total ..... 1,607 94 715 2,130 132 155 287 4,833

2020 8-Month Total ..... 1,851 97 568 1,950 126 160 287 4,753
2019 8-Month Total ..... 1,856 94 452 1,707 136 166 301 4,410

a Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying tire-derived fuels).

by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
b Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the for electric utilities and independent power producers.
total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
c Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal electricity net generation in the Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and
electric power sector (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
rate factors in Table A6). See Table 10.5. primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • Totals
d Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
e Wood and wood-derived fuels. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes beginning in 1973.
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and Sources: Tables 7.2b, 7.4b, and A6.
 
 

180  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview
Traded Consump-
Losses tion
Feed- and Co- Dena- Net Stock Minus
stocka productsb turantc Productiond Importse Stocksd,f Changed,g Consumptiond Denaturanth

TBtu TBtu Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu TBtu

1981 Total .................. 13 6 40 1,978 83 7 NA NA NA 1,978 83 7 7

1985 Total .................. 93 42 294 14,693 617 52 NA NA NA 14,693 617 52 51
1990 Total .................. 111 49 356 17,802 748 63 NA NA NA 17,802 748 63 62
1995 Total .................. 198 86 647 32,325 1,358 115 387 2,186 -207 32,919 1,383 117 114
2000 Total .................. 233 99 773 38,627 1,622 138 116 3,400 -624 39,367 1,653 140 137
2005 Total .................. 550 227 1,859 92,961 3,904 331 3,234 5,563 -439 96,634 4,059 344 335
2006 Total .................. 683 280 2,326 116,294 4,884 414 17,408 8,760 3,197 130,505 5,481 465 453
2007 Total .................. 907 368 3,105 155,263 6,521 553 10,457 10,535 1,775 163,945 6,886 584 569
2008 Total .................. 1,286 518 4,433 221,637 9,309 790 12,610 14,226 3,691 230,556 9,683 822 800
2009 Total .................. 1,503 602 5,688 260,424 10,938 928 4,720 16,594 2,368 262,776 11,037 937 910
2010 Total .................. 1,823 726 6,506 316,617 13,298 1,128 -9,115 17,941 1,347 306,155 12,858 1,091 1,061
2011 Total .................. 1,904 754 6,649 331,646 13,929 1,181 -24,365 18,238 297 306,984 12,893 1,093 1,065
2012 Total .................. 1,801 709 6,264 314,714 13,218 1,120 -5,891 20,350 2,112 306,711 12,882 1,092 1,064
2013 Total .................. 1,805 707 6,181 316,493 13,293 1,127 -5,761 16,424 -3,926 314,658 13,216 1,120 1,092
2014 Total .................. 1,938 755 6,476 340,781 14,313 1,213 -18,371 18,739 2,315 320,095 13,444 1,139 1,111
2015 Total .................. 1,998 774 6,636 352,553 14,807 1,254 -17,632 21,596 2,857 332,064 13,947 1,181 1,153
2016 Total .................. 2,072 798 6,920 366,981 15,413 1,306 -27,002 19,758 -1,838 341,817 14,356 1,216 1,187
2017 Total .................. 2,138 819 6,657 379,435 15,936 1,349 -31,268 23,043 3,285 344,882 14,485 1,226 1,199
2018 Total .................. 2,156 821 5,819 383,127 16,091 1,361 -39,410 23,418 375 343,342 14,420 1,220 1,197
2019 January .............. 177 67 550 31,603 1,327 112 -3,243 25,115 1,697 26,663 1,120 95 93
February ............ 160 61 498 28,599 1,201 102 -2,283 24,506 -609 26,925 1,131 96 94
March ................. 173 65 504 30,863 1,296 110 -3,653 23,396 -1,110 28,320 1,189 101 99
April ................... 174 66 462 30,981 1,301 110 -3,195 23,331 -65 27,851 1,170 99 97
May .................... 182 69 471 32,466 1,364 115 -2,355 22,843 -488 30,599 1,285 109 107
June ................... 179 68 505 31,898 1,340 113 -2,340 22,583 -260 29,818 1,252 106 104
July .................... 182 69 512 32,541 1,367 116 -2,312 22,892 309 29,920 1,257 106 104
August ............... 179 68 513 31,921 1,341 113 -2,397 22,727 -165 29,689 1,247 106 103
September ......... 164 62 474 29,232 1,228 104 -1,237 23,012 285 27,710 1,164 99 96
October .............. 173 66 504 30,941 1,300 110 -1,998 21,784 -1,228 30,171 1,267 107 105
November .......... 176 66 536 31,358 1,317 111 -2,029 21,646 -138 29,467 1,238 105 102
December .......... 186 71 560 33,275 1,398 118 -3,234 22,352 706 29,335 1,232 104 102
Total .................. 2,104 796 6,089 375,678 15,778 1,336 -30,276 22,352 -1,066 346,468 14,552 1,232 1,206

2020 January .............. 186 70 549 33,346 1,401 119 -3,282 23,884 1,532 28,532 1,198 101 99
February ............ 170 64 482 30,511 1,281 109 -3,646 24,582 698 26,167 1,099 93 91
March ................. 164 62 482 29,409 1,235 105 -3,657 27,505 2,923 22,829 959 81 79
April ................... 95 36 312 17,003 714 60 -2,180 26,124 -1,381 16,204 681 58 56
May .................... 118 44 383 21,157 889 75 -1,691 22,190 -3,934 23,400 983 83 81
June ................... 145 54 473 25,959 1,090 92 -1,700 19,472 -2,718 26,977 1,133 96 94
July .................... 160 60 531 28,708 1,206 102 -1,481 19,784 312 26,915 1,130 96 93
August ............... 158 60 513 28,420 1,194 101 -1,453 20,142 358 26,609 1,118 95 92
September ......... 155 58 498 27,779 1,167 99 -1,520 20,008 -134 26,393 1,109 94 92
October .............. 165 62 546 29,614 1,244 105 -2,525 21,738 1,730 25,358 1,065 90 88
November .......... 167 63 563 29,915 1,256 106 -2,105 23,502 1,765 26,044 1,094 93 90
December .......... 168 63 564 30,108 1,265 107 -2,450 24,663 1,161 26,497 1,113 94 92
Total .................. 1,850 696 5,897 331,928 13,941 1,181 -27,692 24,663 2,311 301,925 12,681 1,074 1,050
2021 January .............. 160 60 491 28,847 1,212 103 -3,956 26,080 i 1,393 23,498 987 84 82
February ............ 127 48 391 22,928 963 82 -2,437 24,715 -1,365 21,856 918 78 76
March ................. 163 61 508 29,338 1,232 104 -3,190 22,836 -1,879 28,028 1,177 100 97
April ................... 157 59 483 28,218 1,185 100 -2,695 22,344 -491 26,015 1,093 93 90
May .................... 174 65 533 31,223 1,311 111 -1,686 22,013 -331 29,868 1,254 106 104
June ................... 170 64 529 30,682 1,289 109 -1,663 21,966 -47 29,066 1,221 103 101
July .................... 175 65 542 31,436 1,320 112 -884 22,660 693 29,859 1,254 106 104
August ............... 162 61 470 29,076 1,221 103 -1,661 21,116 -1,544 28,959 1,216 103 101
8-Month Total ... 1,288 482 3,946 231,749 9,733 824 -18,171 21,116 -3,571 217,148 9,120 772 755

2020 8-Month Total ... 1,196 450 3,725 214,513 9,010 763 -19,091 20,142 -2,210 197,632 8,301 703 687
2019 8-Month Total ... 1,406 532 4,015 250,872 10,537 892 -21,777 22,727 -691 229,786 9,651 817 800

a Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol i Derived from the preliminary 2020 stocks value (24,687 thousand barrels), not
used for fuel ethanol. the final 2020 value (24,663 thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks."
b Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include NA=Not available.
natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel Notes: • Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
ethanol—these are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the Btu. • Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
appropriate energy source. multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate
c The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced. heat content of fuel ethanol—see Table A3. • Through 1980, data are not
d Includes denaturant. available. For 1981–1992, data are estimates. For 1993–2008, only data for
e Through 2009, data are for fuel ethanol imports only; data for fuel ethanol feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates.
exports are not available. Beginning in 2010, data are for fuel ethanol imports Beginning in 2009, only data for feedstock, and losses and co-products, are
minus fuel ethanol (including industrial alcohol) exports. estimates. • See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and "Fuel Ethanol Minus
f Stocks are at end of period. Denaturant" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to
g A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
an increase. Columbia.
h Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
denaturant are used to develop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1981.
10.1–10.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2. Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  181 
Table 10.4a Biodiesel Overview
Losses Tradea
and Co-
Feed- prod- Net Stock
stockb uctsc Productiona Imports Exports Importsd Stocksa,e Changea,f Consumptiona

TBtu TBtu Mbbl MMgal TBtu Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu

2001 Total .................... 1 (s) 204 9 1 81 41 40 NA NA 244 10 1

2005 Total .................... 12 (s) 2,162 91 12 214 213 1 NA NA 2,163 91 12
2006 Total .................... 32 (s) 5,963 250 32 1,105 856 250 NA NA 6,213 261 33
2007 Total .................... 63 1 11,662 490 62 3,455 6,696 -3,241 NA NA 8,422 354 45
2008 Total .................... 88 1 16,145 678 87 7,755 16,673 -8,918 NA NA 7,228 304 39
2009 Total .................... 67 1 12,281 516 66 1,906 6,546 -4,640 711 711 g 7,663 322 41
2010 Total .................... 44 1 8,177 343 44 564 2,588 -2,024 672 -39 6,192 260 33
2011 Total .................... 125 2 23,035 967 123 890 1,799 -908 2,005 h 1,028 21,099 886 113
2012 Total .................... 128 2 23,588 991 126 853 3,056 -2,203 1,984 -20 21,406 899 115
2013 Total .................... 176 2 32,368 1,359 173 8,152 4,675 3,477 3,810 1,825 34,020 1,429 182
2014 Total .................... 165 2 30,452 1,279 163 4,578 1,974 2,604 3,131 -679 33,735 1,417 181
2015 Total .................... 163 2 30,080 1,263 161 8,399 2,091 6,308 3,943 813 35,575 1,494 191
2016 Total .................... 203 3 37,327 1,568 200 16,879 2,098 14,781 6,398 2,454 49,653 2,085 266
2017 Total .................... 206 3 37,993 1,596 204 9,374 2,228 7,146 4,268 -2,130 47,269 1,985 253
2018 Total .................... 240 3 44,222 1,857 237 3,969 2,470 1,499 4,662 394 45,326 1,904 243

2019 January ................ 19 (s) 3,427 144 18 308 85 223 5,354 692 2,957 124 16
February .............. 17 (s) 3,108 131 17 233 91 142 5,502 148 3,101 130 17
March ................... 18 (s) 3,353 141 18 543 226 317 5,389 -113 3,783 159 20
April ..................... 20 (s) 3,623 152 19 410 370 40 5,330 -59 3,721 156 20
May ...................... 20 (s) 3,681 155 20 281 440 -159 4,815 -515 4,037 170 22
June ..................... 18 (s) 3,370 142 18 310 300 10 4,408 -406 3,787 159 20
July ...................... 21 (s) 3,776 159 20 333 392 -59 4,088 -321 4,039 170 22
August ................. 20 (s) 3,712 156 20 216 291 -75 3,860 -228 3,865 162 21
September ........... 18 (s) 3,377 142 18 280 238 42 3,706 -154 3,574 150 19
October ................ 19 (s) 3,436 144 18 314 158 156 3,738 32 3,560 150 19
November ............ 16 (s) 3,034 127 16 417 56 361 3,887 149 3,246 136 17
December ............ 17 (s) 3,163 133 17 433 83 350 3,907 20 3,493 147 19
Total .................... 223 3 41,060 1,725 220 4,078 2,730 1,348 3,907 -756 43,163 1,813 231

2020 January ................ 17 (s) 3,196 134 17 336 31 305 4,273 367 3,134 132 17
February .............. 17 (s) 3,139 132 17 302 89 213 4,220 -54 3,405 143 18
March ................... 20 (s) 3,594 151 19 333 228 105 4,429 209 3,490 147 19
April ..................... 19 (s) 3,422 144 18 611 526 85 4,411 -18 3,525 148 19
May ...................... 20 (s) 3,630 152 19 475 496 -21 4,513 102 3,507 147 19
June ..................... 20 (s) 3,590 151 19 446 523 -77 4,318 -195 3,709 156 20
July ...................... 21 (s) 3,849 162 21 346 376 -30 3,879 -439 4,258 179 23
August ................. 21 (s) 3,872 163 21 234 512 -278 3,563 -316 3,910 164 21
September ........... 21 (s) 3,790 159 20 360 426 -66 3,221 -342 4,066 171 22
October ................ 20 (s) 3,743 157 20 420 113 307 3,418 197 3,853 162 21
November ............ 20 (s) 3,621 152 19 448 73 375 3,741 323 3,673 154 20
December ............ 20 (s) 3,761 158 20 373 64 309 3,665 -76 4,146 174 22
Total .................... 235 3 43,207 1,815 232 4,684 3,458 1,226 3,665 -241 44,675 1,876 239

2021 January ................ 17 (s) 3,115 131 17 228 222 6 4,565 i 681 2,440 102 13
February .............. 13 (s) 2,406 101 13 263 122 141 4,253 -312 2,859 120 15
March ................... 18 (s) 3,371 142 18 361 267 94 4,116 -137 3,603 151 19
April ..................... 17 (s) 3,210 135 17 500 494 6 4,011 -105 3,320 139 18
May ...................... 19 (s) 3,537 149 19 316 585 -269 3,778 -233 3,501 147 19
June ..................... 18 (s) 3,241 136 17 446 646 -200 3,540 -238 3,279 138 18
July ...................... 18 (s) 3,336 140 18 357 489 -132 3,470 -71 3,275 138 18
August ................. 18 (s) 3,325 140 18 287 548 -261 3,124 -345 3,409 143 18
8-Month Total ..... 139 2 25,542 1,073 137 2,758 3,372 -614 3,124 -759 25,687 1,079 138

2020 8-Month Total ..... 154 2 28,293 1,188 152 3,083 2,782 301 3,563 -344 28,937 1,215 155
2019 8-Month Total ..... 152 2 28,049 1,178 150 2,634 2,196 438 3,860 -803 29,290 1,230 157

a Data are for "biodiesel," which is primarily fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). and disposition.
See "Biodiesel" in Glossary. h Derived from the final 2010 stocks value for bulk terminals and biodiesel
b Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. production plants (977 thousand barrels), not the final 2010 value for bulk terminals
See "Biodiesel Feedstock" entry in the "Thermal Conversion Factor Source only (672 thousand barrels) that is shown under “Stocks.”
Documentation" at the end of Appendix A. i Derived from the preliminary 2020 stocks value (3,884 thousand barrels), not
c Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include the final 2020 value (3,665 thousand barrels) that is shown under “Stocks.”
natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the Notes: • Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
appropriate energy source. Btu. • Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
d Net imports equal imports minus exports. multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu
e Stocks are at end of period. Includes biodiesel stocks at (or in) refineries, per barrel (the approximate heat content of biodiesel—see Table A1). • Through
pipelines, and bulk terminals. Beginning in 2011, also includes stocks at biodiesel 2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from EIA surveys are
production plants. estimates. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
f A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
an increase. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
g In 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and differing data sources, a and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 2001.
"Balancing Item" amount of 733 thousand barrels (653 thousand barrels in January Sources: See end of section.
2009; 80 thousand barrels in February 2009) is used to balance biodiesel supply
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

182  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 10.4b Renewable Diesel Fuel Overview
Losses Tradea,b
Feed- and Co- Stock
stockc productsd Productiona,e Imports Stocksa,f Changea,g Consumptiona,h

TBtu TBtu Mbbl MMgal TBtu Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu

2011 Total .................... NA NA 1,477 62 8 – 7 7 1,470 62 8

2012 Total .................... NA NA 1,248 52 7 605 94 87 1,766 74 10
2013 Total .................... NA NA 2,697 113 15 4,921 691 597 7,021 295 39
2014 Total .................... NA NA 3,789 159 21 2,873 350 -341 7,003 294 38
2015 Total .................... NA NA 4,211 177 23 4,874 634 284 8,801 370 48
2016 Total .................... NA NA 5,750 241 32 5,304 1,315 681 10,373 436 57
2017 Total .................... NA NA 6,151 258 34 4,509 753 -562 11,222 471 62
2018 Total .................... NA NA 7,273 305 40 4,124 1,727 974 10,423 438 57

2019 January ................ NA NA 869 36 5 543 1,965 238 1,174 49 6

February .............. NA NA 957 40 5 304 2,097 132 1,129 47 6
March ................... NA NA 851 36 5 459 2,049 -48 1,358 57 7
April ..................... NA NA 918 39 5 407 1,984 -65 1,390 58 8
May ...................... NA NA 961 40 5 646 1,853 -131 1,738 73 10
June ..................... NA NA 947 40 5 600 2,055 202 1,345 56 7
July ...................... NA NA 1,102 46 6 546 2,048 -7 1,655 70 9
August ................. NA NA 719 30 4 433 1,707 -341 1,493 63 8
September ........... NA NA 969 41 5 325 1,554 -153 1,447 61 8
October ................ NA NA 1,156 49 6 696 1,821 267 1,585 67 9
November ............ NA NA 1,009 42 6 499 1,771 -50 1,558 65 9
December ............ NA NA 1,257 53 7 685 1,491 -280 2,222 93 12
Total .................... NA NA 11,715 492 64 6,143 1,491 -236 18,094 760 99

2020 January ................ NA NA 997 42 5 605 1,714 223 1,379 58 8

February .............. NA NA 888 37 5 411 1,388 -326 1,625 68 9
March ................... NA NA 1,077 45 6 452 1,431 43 1,486 62 8
April ..................... NA NA 920 39 5 664 1,557 126 1,458 61 8
May ...................... NA NA 1,105 46 6 505 1,741 184 1,426 60 8
June ..................... NA NA 1,267 53 7 615 1,536 -205 2,087 88 11
July ...................... NA NA 1,112 47 6 318 1,508 -28 1,458 61 8
August ................. NA NA 1,046 44 6 435 1,379 -129 1,610 68 9
September ........... NA NA 1,146 48 6 517 1,356 -23 1,686 71 9
October ................ NA NA 601 25 3 617 1,426 70 1,148 48 6
November ............ NA NA 1,168 49 6 645 1,387 -39 1,852 78 10
December ............ NA NA 1,376 58 8 874 1,287 -100 2,350 99 13
Total .................... NA NA 12,702 533 70 6,658 1,287 -204 19,564 822 107

2021 January ................ NA NA e 1,335 e 56 e7 771 1,719 432 1,674 70 9

February .............. NA NA 1,156 49 6 741 1,985 266 1,631 69 9
March ................... NA NA 1,250 53 7 893 1,974 -11 2,154 90 12
April ..................... NA NA 1,205 51 7 1,013 1,942 -33 2,251 95 12
May ...................... NA NA 1,503 63 8 870 1,767 -175 2,548 107 14
June ..................... NA NA 1,315 55 7 1,092 1,935 168 2,239 94 12
July ...................... NA NA 1,706 72 9 549 2,300 365 1,890 79 10
August ................. NA NA 1,679 71 9 597 2,063 -237 2,513 106 14
8-Month Total ..... NA NA 11,150 468 61 6,526 2,063 776 16,900 710 93

2020 8-Month Total ..... NA NA 8,412 353 46 4,005 1,379 -112 12,529 526 69
2019 8-Month Total ..... NA NA 7,323 308 40 3,938 1,707 -20 11,281 474 62

a Data are for "renewable diesel fuel," which is commonly called "non-ester an increase.
renewable diesel" and "green diesel," and which is chemically similar to petroleum h Consumption, which is calculated as production plus imports minus stock
diesel fuel. change, also includes amounts of exports that cannot currently be differentiated
b Data are for imports only; data for exports are not available. from consumption.
c Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of renewable NA=Not available. – =No data reported.
diesel fuel. Notes: • Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
d Losses and co-products from the production of renewable diesel fuel. Does Btu. • Renewable diesel fuel data in thousand barrels are converted to million
not include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.494
production of renewable diesel fuel—these are included in the industrial sector million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of renewable diesel fuel–see
consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source. Table A1). • Through 2010, data are not available, or there is incomplete data
e Through 2020, production data are from U.S. Environmental Protection coverage. Beginning in 2011, data not from EIA surveys are estimates. • Totals
Agency. Beginning in 2021, production data are from EIA. See sources at end of may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
section. coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
f Stocks are at end of period. Includes renewable diesel fuel stocks at refineries Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
and bulk terminals. Beginning in 2021, also includes renewable diesel fuel stocks and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 2011.
at renewable fuel production plants. Sources: See end of section.
g A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  183 
Table 10.4c Other Biofuels Overview
Losses Tradea,b
Feed- and Co- Stock
stockc productsd Productiona,e Imports Stocksa,f Changea,g Consumptiona,h

TBtu TBtu Mbbl MMgal TBtu Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu

2014 Total .................... NA NA 290 12 2 – 7 2 288 12 2

2015 Total .................... NA NA 393 17 2 – 4 -3 R 396 R 17 2
2016 Total .................... NA NA 503 21 3 – 43 39 464 20 2
2017 Total .................... NA NA 570 24 3 – 28 -15 585 25 3
2018 Total .................... NA NA 611 26 3 – 54 26 585 25 3

2019 January ................ NA NA 59 2 (s) – 56 2 57 2 (s)

February .............. NA NA 66 3 (s) – 58 2 64 3 (s)
March ................... NA NA 80 3 (s) – 61 3 77 3 (s)
April ..................... NA NA 66 3 (s) – 44 -17 83 3 (s)
May ...................... NA NA 81 3 (s) – 43 -1 82 3 (s)
June ..................... NA NA 48 2 (s) – 42 -1 49 2 (s)
July ...................... NA NA 58 2 (s) – 44 2 56 2 (s)
August ................. NA NA 34 1 (s) – 49 5 29 1 (s)
September ........... NA NA 69 3 (s) – 49 0 69 3 (s)
October ................ NA NA 56 2 (s) – 40 -9 65 3 (s)
November ............ NA NA 68 3 (s) – 45 5 63 3 (s)
December ............ NA NA 104 4 1 – 50 5 99 4 1
Total .................... NA NA 791 33 4 – 50 -4 795 33 4

2020 January ................ NA NA 55 2 (s) – 45 -5 60 3 (s)

February .............. NA NA 55 2 (s) – 43 -2 57 2 (s)
March ................... NA NA 75 3 (s) – 47 4 71 3 (s)
April ..................... NA NA 76 3 (s) – 46 -1 77 3 (s)
May ...................... NA NA 56 2 (s) – 48 2 54 2 (s)
June ..................... NA NA 60 3 (s) – 46 -2 62 3 (s)
July ...................... NA NA 98 4 1 – 42 -4 102 4 1
August ................. NA NA 59 2 (s) – 41 -1 60 3 (s)
September ........... NA NA 73 3 (s) – 33 -8 81 3 (s)
October ................ NA NA 29 1 (s) – 30 -3 32 1 (s)
November ............ NA NA 62 3 (s) – 27 -3 65 3 (s)
December ............ NA NA 62 3 (s) – 27 0 62 3 (s)
Total .................... NA NA 761 32 4 – 27 -23 784 33 4

2021 Januaryi ............... NA NA e 181 e8 e1 – 136 109 72 3 (s)

February .............. NA NA 172 7 1 – 151 15 157 7 1
March ................... NA NA 165 7 1 – 131 -20 185 8 1
April ..................... NA NA 140 6 1 – 101 -29 169 7 1
May ...................... NA NA 127 5 1 – 119 18 109 5 1
June ..................... NA NA 91 4 (s) – 74 -45 136 6 1
July ...................... NA NA 125 5 1 27 89 15 137 6 1
August ................. NA NA 139 6 1 – 85 -5 144 6 1
8-Month Total ..... NA NA 1,139 48 6 27 85 58 1,109 47 6

2020 8-Month Total ..... NA NA 536 23 3 – 41 -9 545 23 3

2019 8-Month Total ..... NA NA 494 21 3 – 49 -5 499 21 3

a Data are for renewable heating oil, renewable jet fuel (sustainable aviation change, also includes amounts of exports that cannot currently be differentiated
fuel), renewable naphtha and gasoline, and other biofuels and biointermediates. from consumption.
Through 2020, also includes small amounts of biobutanol. i There is a discontinuity in the time series between 2020 and 2021. Beginning
b Data are for imports only; data for exports are not available. in 2021, there is expanded coverage of other biofuels due to the incorporation of
c Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of other data from EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Report of Biofuels, Fuels from
biofuels. Non-Biogenic Wastes, Fuel Oxygenates, Isooctane, and Isooctene."
d Losses and co-products from the production of other biofuels. Does not R=Revised. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion
include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the Btu.
production of other biofuels—these are included in the industrial sector Notes: • Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source. Btu. • Other biofuels data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
e Through 2020, production data are from U.S. Environmental Protection multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu
Agency. Beginning in 2021, production data are from EIA. See sources at end of per barrel (the approximate heat content of other biofuels–see Table A1).
section. • Through 2013, data are not available, or there is incomplete data coverage.
f Stocks are at end of period. Includes other biofuels stocks at refineries and Beginning in 2014, data not from EIA surveys are estimates. • Totals may not
bulk terminals. Beginning in 2021, also includes other biofuels stocks at renewable equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is
fuel production plants. the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
g A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
an increase. and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 2014.
h Consumption, which is calculated as production plus imports minus stock Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 
 
 
 

184  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 10.5 Solar Energy Consumption
(Trillion Btu)
Distributeda Solar Energyb Utility-Scalec Solar Energyb
Electricityd Electricitye

Electric
Residential Commercial Industrial Commercial Industrial Power
Heatf Sector Sector Sector Total Totalg Sectorh Sectori Sectorj Total Totalk

1985 Total ...................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (s) (s) (s)

1990 Total ...................... 55 (s) (s) (s) (s) 55 – – 4 4 59
1995 Total ...................... 63 (s) (s) (s) 1 63 – – 5 5 68
2000 Total ...................... 57 (s) 1 (s) 1 58 – – 5 5 63
2005 Total ...................... 49 1 2 (s) 3 52 – – 6 6 58
2006 Total ...................... 51 2 3 1 5 56 – – 5 5 61
2007 Total ...................... 53 2 4 1 7 60 – – 6 6 66
2008 Total ...................... 54 4 6 1 11 66 (s) – 9 9 74
2009 Total ...................... 55 5 8 2 15 69 (s) – 9 9 78
2010 Total ...................... 56 9 12 3 24 79 (s) (s) 12 12 91
2011 Total ...................... 58 13 20 4 37 95 1 (s) 17 18 112
2012 Total ...................... 59 20 32 7 59 118 1 (s) 40 41 159
2013 Total ...................... 61 31 38 9 78 138 3 (s) 83 86 225
2014 Total ...................... 62 47 49 11 107 169 4 (s) 165 168 337
2015 Total ...................... 63 65 53 14 132 195 4 (s) 228 232 427
2016 Total ...................... 64 98 57 19 174 237 5 (s) 328 333 570
2017 Total ...................... 65 128 71 22 221 286 5 (s) 486 491 777
2018 Total ...................... 65 156 89 24 269 334 5 (s) 576 581 915
2019 January .................. 4 10 6 1 17 20 (s) (s) 32 32 52
February ................ 4 11 6 2 18 22 (s) (s) 34 34 56
March ..................... 5 15 8 2 26 31 (s) (s) 52 53 84
April ....................... 6 17 9 2 29 35 (s) (s) 60 60 95
May ........................ 7 19 10 3 32 38 1 (s) 63 64 102
June ....................... 7 19 10 3 32 39 1 (s) 70 71 110
July ........................ 7 20 10 3 33 40 1 (s) 72 72 113
August ................... 7 19 10 3 32 39 1 (s) 69 70 109
September ............. 6 17 9 3 29 35 (s) (s) 60 61 95
October .................. 5 15 8 2 25 31 (s) (s) 54 54 85
November .............. 4 12 6 2 20 24 (s) (s) 38 39 63
December .............. 4 11 6 2 18 22 (s) (s) 30 31 53
Total ...................... 65 186 98 27 311 377 5 1 635 641 1,017

2020 January .................. 4 12 7 2 21 24 (s) (s) 41 41 66

February ................ 4 14 7 2 23 27 (s) (s) 50 51 78
March ..................... 5 18 10 3 30 36 (s) (s) 57 58 94
April ....................... 6 21 11 3 34 40 1 (s) 72 72 112
May ........................ 7 23 12 3 38 45 1 (s) 86 87 132
June ....................... 7 23 12 3 38 45 1 (s) 85 86 130
July ........................ 7 24 12 3 39 46 1 (s) 92 93 139
August ................... 7 23 12 3 37 44 1 (s) 84 85 129
September ............. 6 20 10 3 33 39 1 (s) 70 70 109
October .................. 5 19 9 3 30 36 (s) (s) 65 65 101
November .............. 4 15 7 2 25 29 (s) (s) 52 52 81
December .............. 4 14 7 2 22 26 (s) (s) 48 48 74
Total ...................... 65 226 115 31 372 436 6 1 802 809 1,246
2021 January .................. 4 15 8 2 24 28 (s) (s) 51 51 79
February ................ 4 16 8 2 26 30 (s) (s) 57 58 88
March ..................... 5 22 11 3 36 42 1 (s) 83 83 125
April ....................... 6 25 13 3 41 47 1 (s) 97 97 144
May ........................ 7 28 14 3 45 52 1 (s) 110 111 163
June ....................... 7 28 14 4 46 52 1 (s) 107 107 160
July ........................ 7 29 14 4 46 53 1 (s) 106 107 160
August ................... 7 27 14 3 44 51 1 (s) 105 106 157
8-Month Total ....... 46 190 96 24 309 355 5 1 715 721 1,076
2020 8-Month Total ....... 45 158 81 22 261 307 4 1 568 573 880
2019 8-Month Total ....... 46 131 69 19 219 265 4 1 452 456 721

a Data are estimates for distributed (small-scale) facilities (combined generator end of Section 7.
nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt). i Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
b See "Photovoltaic Energy" and "Solar Thermal Energy" in Glossary. plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at
c Data are for utility-scale facilities (combined generator nameplate capacity of 1 end of Section 7.
megawatt or more). j Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS
d Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation at distributed (small-scale) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
facilities connected to the electric power grid (converted to Btu by multiplying by the the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data
fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6). are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal electricity net generation at k Data are the sum of "Distributed Solar Energy Total" and "Utility-Scale Solar
utility-scale facilities (converted to Btu by multiplying by the fossil fuels heat rate Energy Total."
factors in Table A6). NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
f Solar thermal direct use energy in the residential, commercial, and industrial Notes: • Distributed (small-scale) solar energy data for all years, and
sectors for all end uses, such as pool heating, hot water heating, and space utility-scale solar energy data for the current two years, are estimates. • Totals
heating. may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
g Data are the sum of "Distributed Solar Energy Heat" and "Distributed Solar coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Energy Electricity." Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
h Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1984.
plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at Sources: See end of section.
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  185 
Table 10.6 Solar Electricity Net Generation
(Million Kilowatthours)
Distributeda Solar Generationb Utility-Scalec Solar Generationb

Electric
Residential Commercial Industrial Commercial Industrial Power
Sector Sector Sector Total Sectord Sectore Sectorf Total Total

1985 Total ...................... NA NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11

1990 Total ...................... 12 18 4 33 – – 367 367 400
1995 Total ...................... 20 30 7 58 – – 497 497 554
2000 Total ...................... 39 59 13 110 – – 493 493 604
2005 Total ...................... 121 182 40 344 – – 550 550 894
2006 Total ...................... 177 266 59 501 – – 508 508 1,009
2007 Total ...................... 250 375 83 708 – – 612 612 1,319
2008 Total ...................... 401 603 133 1,137 (s) – 864 864 2,002
2009 Total ...................... 539 810 179 1,529 (s) – 891 891 2,420
2010 Total ...................... 900 1,237 274 2,411 5 2 1,206 1,212 3,623
2011 Total ...................... 1,358 2,020 447 3,825 84 7 1,727 1,818 5,643
2012 Total ...................... 2,058 3,351 742 6,151 148 14 4,164 4,327 10,478
2013 Total ...................... 3,217 4,024 891 8,132 294 17 8,724 9,036 17,167
2014 Total ...................... 4,947 5,146 1,139 11,233 371 16 17,304 17,691 28,924
2015 Total ...................... 6,999 5,689 1,451 14,139 416 21 24,456 24,893 39,032
2016 Total ...................... 10,595 6,158 2,060 18,812 529 27 35,497 36,054 54,866
2017 Total ...................... 13,942 7,685 2,364 23,990 521 42 52,724 53,287 77,277
2018 Total ...................... 17,105 9,798 2,636 29,539 525 47 63,253 63,825 93,365

2019 January .................. 1,107 629 168 1,903 30 4 3,546 3,580 5,483
February ................ 1,205 676 178 2,059 34 5 3,798 3,836 5,895
March ..................... 1,727 933 254 2,914 50 7 5,841 5,899 8,813
April ....................... 1,935 1,032 278 3,245 54 8 6,690 6,752 9,997
May ........................ 2,130 1,110 309 3,549 58 9 7,095 7,162 10,711
June ....................... 2,175 1,118 311 3,604 63 10 7,898 7,971 11,575
July ........................ 2,268 1,171 321 3,760 69 10 8,053 8,133 11,893
August ................... 2,184 1,116 311 3,611 64 9 7,803 7,877 11,488
September ............. 1,930 994 281 3,205 55 8 6,754 6,817 10,022
October .................. 1,697 881 255 2,833 46 7 6,040 6,093 8,926
November .............. 1,346 683 198 2,228 36 5 4,323 4,364 6,592
December .............. 1,210 657 179 2,047 26 4 3,423 3,453 5,500
Total ...................... 20,914 11,002 3,041 34,957 587 85 71,265 71,937 106,894

2020 January .................. 1,385 736 192 2,313 36 5 4,615 4,657 6,970
February ................ 1,578 834 212 2,624 43 7 5,657 5,706 8,330
March ..................... 2,050 1,082 292 3,424 52 8 6,436 6,496 9,920
April ....................... 2,311 1,189 316 3,817 64 10 8,052 8,126 11,943
May ........................ 2,611 1,309 349 4,269 74 14 9,679 9,767 14,035
June ....................... 2,611 1,305 354 4,270 72 13 9,555 9,641 13,911
July ........................ 2,681 1,356 370 4,407 78 14 10,386 10,478 14,885
August ................... 2,541 1,302 358 4,201 68 12 9,428 9,508 13,708
September ............. 2,243 1,159 322 3,724 56 11 7,824 7,891 11,615
October .................. 2,089 1,018 291 3,399 52 10 7,284 7,346 10,744
November .............. 1,731 809 226 2,767 42 8 5,845 5,895 8,662
December .............. 1,538 783 204 2,526 36 7 5,338 5,381 7,907
Total ...................... 25,370 12,884 3,486 41,740 673 121 90,097 90,891 132,631

2021 January .................. 1,671 861 216 2,749 35 8 5,689 5,732 8,481
February ................ 1,774 935 231 2,939 41 8 6,452 6,502 9,441
March ..................... 2,492 1,273 327 4,092 63 13 9,267 9,342 13,435
April ....................... 2,824 1,413 356 4,593 71 14 10,837 10,923 15,516
May ........................ 3,123 1,540 392 5,055 80 16 12,370 12,467 17,522
June ....................... 3,173 1,555 394 5,122 73 16 11,974 12,063 17,185
July ........................ 3,209 1,606 404 5,220 72 15 11,890 11,978 17,197
August ................... 3,019 1,545 392 4,956 74 17 11,830 11,921 16,877
8-Month Total ....... 21,286 10,727 2,713 34,726 510 107 80,311 80,928 115,654

2020 8-Month Total ....... 17,769 9,114 2,442 29,325 487 83 63,807 64,378 93,703
2019 8-Month Total ....... 14,731 7,786 2,128 24,646 423 61 50,724 51,209 75,855

a Data are estimates for solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation at utility-scale solar energy data for the current two years, are estimates. • Totals
small-scale facilities (combined generator nameplate capacity less than 1 may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
megawatt) connected to the electric power grid. coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
b See "Photovoltaic Energy" and "Solar Thermal Energy" in Glossary. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
c Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal electricity net generation at and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1984.
utility-scale facilities (combined generator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or Sources: • Distributed Solar Generation: 1989–2013—Calculated as
more). distributed solar energy consumption (see Table 10.5) divided by the total fossil
d Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only fuels heat rate factors (see Table A6). 2014 forward—U.S. Energy Information
plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at Administration (EIA), Electric Power Monthly, monthly reports, Tables 1.1, 1.2.C,
end of Section 7. 1.2.D, and 1.2.E. • Utility-Scale Solar Generation: 1984–1988—EIA, Form
e Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 1989–1997: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly
plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer
end of Section 7. Report." 1998–2000: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form
f Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." 2001–2003: EIA, Form
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 2004–2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 2008
are for electric utilities and independent power producers. forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report." • Total:
NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 million kilowatthours. Calculated as distributed solar generation plus utility-scale solar generation.
Notes: • Distributed (small-scale) solar generation data for all years, and
 
 

186  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Renewable Energy
Note.  Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and 10.1, renewable energy consumption 
consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat 
rate factors in Table A6); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels 
heat rate factors in Table A6), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and 
photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table 
A6), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total 
fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6); wood and wood‐derived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid 
waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass) consumption; fuel 
ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, and other biofuels consumption; and losses and co‐
products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.  In Tables 1.1, 1.2, and 10.1, renewable energy production is 
assumed to equal consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels and wood.  Biofuels production 
comprises biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel, and the production of renewable diesel fuel 
and other biofuels.  Wood production is the sum of wood consumption and densified biomass exports. 

Table 10.2a Sources 
Residential Sector, Geothermal
1989–2011:  Annual estimates by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) based on data from Oregon Institute 
of Technology, Geo‐Heat Center. 

2012 forward:  Annual estimates assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2011. 

(For 1989 forward, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year 
and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.) 

Residential Sector, Solar

1989 forward:  Residential sector solar consumption is the sum of the values for "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: 
Heat" (which includes solar thermal direct use energy in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors) from Table 
10.5 and "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Residential Sector" from Table 10.5.  

Residential Sector, Wood

1949–1979:  Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. 

1980–2008:  Annual estimates are based on EIA, Form EIA‐457, "Residential Energy Consumption Survey"; and National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration regional heating degree‐day data. 

2009 forward:  Annual estimates based on EIA, Form EIA‐457, “Residential Energy Consumption Survey”; and residential 
wood consumption growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook data system. 

(For 1973 forward, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year 
and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.) 

Residential Sector, Total Renewable Energy

1949–1988:  Residential sector total renewable energy consumption is equal to residential sector wood consumption. 

1989 forward:  Residential sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption 
values for geothermal, solar, and wood. 

Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power

1989 forward:  Commercial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA‐923, "Power 
Plant Operations Report," and predecessor forms, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate 
factors in Table A6. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  187 
Commercial Sector, Geothermal Heat Pump and Direct Use Energy
1989–2011:  Annual estimates by EIA based on data from Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo‐Heat Center. 

2012 forward:  Annual estimates assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2011. 

(For 1989 forward, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year 
and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)  

Commercial Sector, Geothermal Electricity Net Generation

December 2018 forward:  Commercial sector geothermal electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA‐923, “Power 
Plant Operations Report,” are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6. 

Commercial Sector, Geothermal Total

1989–November 2018:  Commercial sector geothermal total consumption is equal to commercial sector heat pump and 
direct use energy. 

December 2018 forward:  Commercial sector geothermal total consumption is the sum of the commercial sector values 
for geothermal heat pump and direct use energy, and geothermal electricity net generation. 

Commercial Sector, Solar

1989 forward:  Commercial sector solar consumption is the sum of the values for "Distributed Solar Energy 
Consumption: Electricity, Commercial Sector" from Table 10.5 and "Utility‐Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, 
Commercial Sector" from Table 10.5. 

Commercial Sector, Wind

2009 forward:  Commercial sector wind electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations 
Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6. 

Commercial Sector, Wood

1949–1979:  Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. 

1980–1983:  Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980 –1983, Table ES1. 

1984:  Annual estimate assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 1983. 

1985–1988:  Annual estimates interpolated by EIA. 

(For 1973–1988, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and 
then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)  

1989 forward:  Monthly/annual commercial sector combined‐heat‐and‐power (CHP) wood consumption data are from 
EIA, Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report," and predecessor forms.  Annual estimates for commercial sector 
non‐CHP wood consumption are based on EIA, Form EIA‐871, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey" (for 
2014–2016, the annual estimates are based on commercial sector biomass consumption growth rates from EIA's Annual 
Energy Outlook data system; for 2017 forward, annual estimates are assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2016).  For 
1989 forward, monthly estimates for commercial sector non‐CHP wood consumption are created by dividing the annual 
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.  Commercial 
sector total wood consumption is the sum of commercial sector CHP and non‐CHP wood consumption.  

Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste

1989 forward:  Table 7.4c. 

Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

1981 forward:  The commercial sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to commercial sector motor 
gasoline consumption from Table 3.7a divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5.  Commercial sector 
fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 
multiplied by the commercial sector share of motor gasoline consumption.  Note that there is a discontinuity in this time 
188  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
series between 2014 and 2015 due to a change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end‐use 
sectors; beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of fuel ethanol consumption are larger than in 
2014, while the transportation sector share is smaller. 

Commercial Sector, Total Biomass

1949–1980:  Commercial sector total biomass consumption is equal to commercial sector wood consumption. 

1981–1988:  Commercial sector total biomass consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for 
wood and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant). 

1989 forward:  Commercial sector total biomass consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values 
for wood, waste, and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant). 

Commercial Sector, Total Renewable Energy

1949–1988:  Commercial sector total renewable energy consumption is equal to commercial sector total biomass 
consumption. 

1989–2007:  Commercial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption 
values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, and total biomass. 

2008:  Commercial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values 
for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and total biomass. 

2009 forward:  Commercial sector total renewable energy is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for 
conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind, and total biomass. 

Table 10.2b Sources 
Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power
1949 forward:  Industrial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from Table 7.2c are converted to Btu 
by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6. 

Industrial Sector, Geothermal

1989–2009:  Annual estimates by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) based on data from Oregon Institute 
of Technology, Geo‐Heat Center. 

2010 forward:  Annual estimates assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2009. 

(For 1989 forward, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year 
and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)  

Industrial Sector, Solar

1989 forward:  Industrial sector solar consumption is the sum of the values for "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: 
Electricity, Industrial Sector" from Table 10.5 and "Utility‐Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Industrial Sector" 
from Table 10.6. 

Industrial Sector, Wind

2011 forward:  Industrial sector wind electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations 
Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6. 

Industrial Sector, Wood

1949–1979:  Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. 

1980–1983:  Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980 –1983, Table ES1. 

1984:  Annual estimate is from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. 

1985 and 1986:  Annual estimates interpolated by EIA. 
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  189 
1987:  Annual estimate is from EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2. 

1988:  Annual estimate interpolated by EIA. 

(For 1973–1988, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and 
then multiplying by the number of days in the month.) 

1989 forward:  Monthly/annual industrial sector combined‐heat‐and‐power (CHP) wood consumption data are from EIA, 
Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report," and predecessor forms.  Annual estimates for industrial sector non‐CHP 
wood consumption are based on EIA, Form EIA‐846, "Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey" (for 2019 forward, the 
annual estimates are assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2018).  For 1989 forward, monthly estimates for industrial 
sector non‐CHP wood consumption are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and 
then multiplying by the number of days in the month.  Industrial sector total wood consumption is the sum of industrial 
sector CHP and non‐CHP wood consumption. 

Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste

1981:  Annual estimate is calculated as total waste consumption (from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, 
Table 8) minus electric power sector waste consumption (from MER Table 10.2c). 

1982 and 1983:  Annual estimates are calculated as total waste consumption (based on Estimates of U.S. Biofuels 
Consumption 1990, Table 8) minus electric power sector waste consumption (from MER, Table 10.2c). 

1984:  Annual estimate is calculated as total waste consumption (from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, 
Table 8) minus electric power sector waste consumption (from MER, Table 10.2c). 

1985 and 1986:  Annual estimates interpolated by EIA. 

1987:  Annual estimate is calculated as total waste consumption (from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, 
Table 8) minus electric power sector waste consumption (from MER, Table 10.2c). 

1988:  Annual estimate interpolated by EIA. 

(For 1973–1988, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and 
then multiplying by the number of days in the month.) 

1989 forward:  Monthly/annual industrial sector combined‐heat‐and‐power (CHP) consumption data are from Table 
7.4c.  Annual estimates for industrial sector non‐CHP waste consumption are based on information presented in 
Government Advisory Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and Methane Recovery Yearbook, and information 
provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methane Outreach Program (for 2014 forward, the 
annual estimates are assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2013).  For 1989 forward, monthly estimates for industrial 
sector non‐CHP waste consumption are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and 
then multiplying by the number of days in the month.  Industrial sector total waste consumption is the sum of industrial 
sector CHP and non‐CHP waste consumption. 

Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

1981 forward:  The industrial sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to industrial sector motor gasoline 
consumption from Table 3.7b divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5.  Industrial sector fuel ethanol 
(minus denaturant) consumption is equal to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by 
the industrial sector share of motor gasoline consumption.  Note that there is a discontinuity in this time series between  

2014 and 2015 due to a change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end‐use sectors; 
beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of fuel ethanol consumption are larger than in 2014, 
while the transportation sector share is smaller. 

Industrial Sector, Biomass Losses and Co-products

1981 forward:  Calculated as fuel ethanol losses and co‐products from Table 10.3 plus biodiesel losses and co‐products 
from Table 10.4a. 
190  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Industrial Sector, Total Biomass
1949–1980:  Industrial sector total biomass consumption is equal to industrial sector wood consumption. 

1981 forward:  Industrial sector total biomass consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for 
wood, waste, fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), and biomass losses and co‐products. 

Industrial Sector, Total Renewable Energy

1949–1988:  Industrial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption 
values for conventional hydroelectric power and total biomass. 

1989–2009:  Industrial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption 
values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, and total biomass. 

2010:  Industrial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for 
conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and total biomass. 

2011 forward:  Industrial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption 
values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind, and total biomass.   

Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

1981 forward:  The transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to transportation sector motor 
gasoline consumption from Table 3.7c divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5.  Transportation sector 
fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 
multiplied by the transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption.  Note that there is a discontinuity in this 
time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the 
end‐use sectors; beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of fuel ethanol consumption are larger 
than in 2014, while the transportation sector share is smaller. 

Transportation Sector, Biodiesel

2001 forward:  Table 10.4a.  Transportation sector biodiesel consumption is assumed to equal total biodiesel 
consumption. 

Transportation Sector, Other Biomass

2011–2013:  Transportation sector other biomass consumption is equal to renewable diesel fuel consumption from 
Table 10.4b. 

2014 forward:  Transportation sector other biomass consumption is the sum of renewable diesel fuel consumption from 
Table 10.4b and other biofuels consumption from Table 10.4c.  

Transportation Sector, Total Renewable Energy

1981–2000:  Transportation sector total renewable energy consumption is equal to transportation sector fuel ethanol 
(minus denaturant) consumption. 

2001–2008:  Transportation sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the transportation sector 
consumption values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.  

2009 forward:  Transportation sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the transportation sector 
consumption values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, and other biofuels.   

Table 10.3 Sources 
Feedstock
1981 forward:  Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and then multiplied by the 
fuel ethanol feedstock factor—see Table A3. 

Losses and Co-products

1981 forward:  Calculated as fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus fuel ethanol production. 
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  191 
Denaturant
1981–2008:  Data in thousand barrels for petroleum denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2% of fuel 

ethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.661 million Btu per barrel (the estimated 
quantity‐weighted factor of natural gasoline and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant). 

2009–2020:  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports, Table 1.  Data 
in thousand barrels for net production of natural gasoline at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by ‐1; 
these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.638 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of natural 
gasoline).  Data in thousand barrels for net production of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending 
components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by ‐1; these data are converted to Btu by 
multiplying by 5.222 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of motor gasoline blending components).  
Total denaturant is the sum of the values for natural gasoline, conventional motor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending 
components. 

2021:  EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports, Table 1.  Data in thousand barrels for net production of 
natural gasoline at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by ‐1; these data are converted to Btu by 
multiplying by 4.638 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of natural gasoline).  Data in thousand barrels 
for net production of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components at renewable fuels and 
oxygenate plants are multiplied by ‐1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.222 million Btu per barrel (the 
approximate heat content of motor gasoline blending components).  Total denaturant is the sum of the values for 
natural gasoline, conventional motor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components. 

Production
1981–1992:  Fuel ethanol production is assumed to equal fuel ethanol consumption—see sources for "Consumption." 

1993–2004:  Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports. 
These data differ slightly from the original production data from EIA, Form EIA‐819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report," and 
predecessor form, which were not reconciled and updated to be consistent with the final balance. 

2005–2008:  EIA, Form EIA‐819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report." 

2009–2020:  EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate 
plants. 

2021:  EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate 
plants. 

Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change

1992–2020:  EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1. 

2021:  EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1. 

Consumption
1981–1989:  EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982, 1983, 1985, 
1986, and 1988. 

1990–1992:  EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D2; and interpolated value for 1991. 

1993–2004:  EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16.  Calculated as 10% of oxygenated finished motor gasoline field 
production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Table 16). 

2005–2008:  EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15.  Calculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustments 
(Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1), plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 
15). 

192  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
2009–2020:  EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1.  Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel 
ethanol adjustments.  

2021:  EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1.  Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol 
adjustments. 

Consumption Minus Denaturant

1981 forward:  Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption minus the amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed. 
Denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in fuel ethanol produced by the fuel 
ethanol consumption‐to‐production ratio. 

Table 10.4a Sources 
Biodiesel Feedstock
2001 forward:  Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million Btu per barrel (the 
biodiesel feedstock factor—see "Biodiesel Feedstock" entry in the "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation" 
at the end of Appendix A). 

Biodiesel Losses and Co-products

2001 forward:  Calculated as biodiesel feedstock minus biodiesel production. 

Biodiesel Production
2001–2005:  U.S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records.  Annual data 
are derived from quarterly data.  Monthly data are estimated by dividing the annual data by the number of days in the 
year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. 

2006:  U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, "M311K—Fats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and 
Stocks," data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).  In addition, the U.S. Energy Information 
Administration (EIA) estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow grease were consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). 

2007:  U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, "M311K—Fats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and 
Stocks," data for all fats and oils consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). 

2008:  EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, December 2009 (release date October 2010), Table 11.  Monthly data 
for 2008 are estimated based on U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, M311K data, multiplied by the EIA 
2008 annual value's share of the M311K 2008 annual value. 

2009 and 2010:  EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, monthly reports, Table 1. 

2011–2020:  EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol. 

2021:  EIA, Form EIA‐819, “Monthly Report of Biofuels, Fuels from Non‐Biogenic Wastes, Fuel Oxygenates, Isooctane, 
and Isooctene,” data for biodiesel. 

Biodiesel Trade
2001–2011:  For imports, U.S. Department of Agriculture, data for the following Harmonized Tariff Schedule codes: 
3824.90.40.20, "Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable Mixture" (data through June 2010); and 3824.90.40.30, 
"Biodiesel/Mixes" (data for July 2010–2011).  For exports, U.S. Department of Agriculture, data for the following 
Schedule B codes: 3824.90.40.00, "Fatty Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture" (data through 2010); and 
3824.90.40.30, "Biodiesel <70%" (data for 2011).  (The data above are converted from pounds to gallons by dividing by 
7.4.)  Although these categories include products other than biodiesel (such as biodiesel coprocessed with petroleum  

feedstocks; and products destined for soaps, cosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largest component.  In the 
absence of other reliable data for biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as good substitutes.   

2012–2018:  EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 25 and 31, data for “biomass‐based diesel fuel.” 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  193 
2019 and 2020:  EIA, PSA, annual report, Tables 25 and 31, data for biodiesel. 

2021:  EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Tables 37 and 49, data for biodiesel.  

Biodiesel Stocks and Stock Change

2009–2018:  EIA, Form EIA‐22M, "Monthly Biodiesel Production Survey,” data for biodiesel; and Form EIA‐810, "Monthly 
Refinery Report," Form EIA‐812, "Monthly Product Pipeline Report," and Form EIA‐815, "Monthly Bulk Terminal and 
Blender Report," data for “biomass‐based diesel fuel.” 

2019–September 2020:  EIA, Form EIA‐22M, “Monthly Biodiesel Production Survey,” Form EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery 
Report,” and Form EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report,” data for biodiesel. 

October 2020 forward:  EIA, Form EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” Form EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and 
Blender Report,” and Form EIA‐819, “Monthly Report of Biofuels, Fuels from Non‐Biogenic Wastes, Fuel Oxygenates, 
Isooctane, and Isooctene,” data for biodiesel.  

Biodiesel Consumption
2001–2008:  Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports. 

January and February 2009:  EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels except fuel 
ethanol. 

March 2009 forward:  Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports minus biodiesel stock change. 

Table 10.4b Sources 
Renewable Diesel Fuel Production
2011–2020:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “RINs Generated Transactions—Generation Summary Report,” 
updated on September 10, 2021.  Data are for volumes (in gallons); for “domestic” producer type; for fuel “non‐ester 
renewable diesel.” 

2021:  EIA, Form EIA‐819, “Monthly Report of Biofuels, Fuels from Non‐Biogenic Wastes, Fuel Oxygenates, Isooctane, 
and Isooctene,” data for renewable diesel fuel. 

Renewable Diesel Fuel Trade (Imports)

2012–2020:  EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 25, data for “other renewable diesel fuel.” 

2021:  EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 37, data for “other renewable diesel fuel.” 

Renewable Diesel Fuel Stocks and Stock Change

2011–2020:  EIA, Form EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and Form EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender 
Report,” data for “other renewable diesel fuel.”  

2021:  EIA, Form EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” Form EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report,” and 
Form EIA‐819, “Monthly Report of Biofuels, Fuels from Non‐Biogenic Wastes, Fuel Oxygenates, Isooctane, and 
Isooctene,” data for renewable diesel fuel. 

Renewable Diesel Fuel Consumption

2011 forward:  Calculated as renewable diesel fuel production plus renewable diesel fuel imports minus renewable 
diesel fuel stock change.  

Table 10.4c Sources 
Other Biofuels Production
2011–2020:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “RINs Generated Transactions—Generation Summary Report,” 
updated on September 10, 2021.  Data are for volumes (in gallons); for “domestic” producer type; for fuels “renewable 

194  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
heating oil,” “renewable jet fuel,” “naphtha,” “LPG,” “butanol,” “cellulosic diesel,” and “cellulosic renewable gasoline 
blendstock.” 

2021:  EIA, Form EIA‐819, “Monthly Report of Biofuels, Fuels from Non‐Biogenic Wastes, Fuel Oxygenates, Isooctane, 
and Isooctene.”  Data are for renewable heating oil, renewable jet fuel, renewable naphtha and gasoline, and “other 
renewable fuels and intermediate products.” 

Other Biofuels Trade (Imports)

2012–2020:  EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 25, data for “other renewable fuels.” 

2021:  EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 37, data for “other renewable fuels.” 

Other Biofuels Stocks and Stock Change

2011–2020:  EIA, Form EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and Form EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender 
Report,” data for “other renewable fuels.” 

2021:  EIA, Form EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and Form EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report,” 
data for “other renewable fuels and intermediate products”; and Form EIA‐819, “Monthly Report of Biofuels, Fuels from 
Non‐Biogenic Wastes, Fuel Oxygenates, Isooctane, and Isooctene,” data for renewable heating oil, renewable jet fuel, 
renewable naphtha and gasoline, and “other renewable fuels and intermediate products.” 

Other Biofuels Consumption

2014 forward:  Calculated as other biofuels production plus other biofuels imports minus other biofuels stock change.   

Table 10.5 Sources 
Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Heat
Annual Data
1989–2009:  Annual estimates by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) based on EIA, Form EIA‐63A, "Annual 
Solar Thermal Collector/Reflector Shipments Report."  Solar energy consumption by solar thermal non‐electric 
applications (mainly in the residential sector, but with some in the commercial and industrial sectors) is based on 
assumptions about the stock of equipment in place and other factors. 

2010 forward:  Annual estimates based on commercial sector solar thermal growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy 
Outlook (AEO) data system.  (Annual estimates are subject to revision when a new AEO is released.) 

Monthly Data
1989–2013:  Monthly estimates for each year are obtained by allocating a given year's annual value to the months in 
that year.  Each month's allocator is the average of that month's "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity,  

Total" values in 2014 and 2015.  The allocators, when rounded, are as follows: January—5%; February—6%; March—8%; 
April—9%; May—10%; June—10%; July—10%; August—10%; September—9%; October—9%; November—7%; and 
December—7%.  

2014 forward:  Once all 12 months of "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption:  Electricity, Total" data are available for a 
given year, they are used as allocators and applied to the annual estimate in order to derive monthly estimates for that 
year.  Initial monthly estimates for the current year use the previous year’s allocators.  

Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Residential Sector

Beginning in 2014, monthly and annual data for residential sector distributed (small‐scale) solar photovoltaic generation  

are from EIA, Electric Power Monthly, Table 1.2.E.  Those data are converted to consumption data in Btu by multiplying 
by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in MER Table A6. 

Backcasts for earlier periods are developed as follows: 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  195 
Annual Data
1989–2003:  Annual growth rates are calculated based on distributed (small‐scale) solar electricity consumption in all 
sectors.  Consumption is estimated using information on shipments of solar panels from EIA, Form EIA‐63B, "Annual 
Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report," and assumptions about the stock of equipment in place and other factors.  
The growth rates are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates.   

2004–2008:  Annual growth rates based on commercial sector solar photovoltaic growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy 
Outlook (AEO) data system are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates.  (Annual estimates are 
subject to revision when a new AEO is released.) 

2009–2013:  Annual growth rates based on residential sector solar photovoltaic growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy 
Outlook (AEO) data system are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates.  (Annual estimates are 
subject to revision when a new AEO is released.) 

Monthly Data
1989–2013:  See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Heat, Monthly Data." 

Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Commercial Sector

Beginning in 2014, monthly and annual data for commercial sector distributed (small‐scale) solar photovoltaic 
generation are from EIA, Electric Power Monthly, Table 1.2.C.  Those data are converted to consumption data in Btu by 
multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in MER Table A6. 

Backcasts for earlier periods are developed as follows: 

Annual Data
1989–2003:  Annual growth rates based on EIA, Form EIA‐63B, "Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report," 
are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates.  (See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: 
Electricity, Residential Sector" sources above for details.) 

2004–2013:  Annual growth rates based on commercial sector solar photovoltaic growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy 
Outlook (AEO) data system are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates.  (Annual estimates are 
subject to revision when a new AEO is released.) 

Monthly Data
1989–2013:  See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Heat, Monthly Data." 

Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Industrial Sector

Beginning in 2014, monthly and annual data for industrial sector distributed (small‐scale) solar photovoltaic generation 
are from EIA, Electric Power Monthly, Table 1.2.D.  Those data are converted to consumption data in Btu by multiplying 
by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in MER Table A6. 

Backcasts for earlier periods are developed as follows: 

Annual Data
1989–2003:  Annual growth rates based on EIA, Form EIA‐63B, "Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report," 
are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates.  (See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: 
Electricity, Residential Sector" sources above for details.) 

2004–2013:  Annual growth rates based on commercial sector solar photovoltaic growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy 
Outlook (AEO) data system are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates.  (Annual estimates are 
subject to revision when a new AEO is released.) 

Monthly Data
1989–2013:  See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Heat, Monthly Data." 

196  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Total
1989 forward:  Distributed (small‐scale) solar energy consumption for total electricity is the sum of the distributed solar 
energy consumption (for electricity) values for the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. 

Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Total

1989 forward:  Distributed (small‐scale) solar energy consumption total is the sum of distributed solar energy 
consumption values for heat and total electricity. 

Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Commercial Sector

2008 forward:  Commercial sector solar photovoltaic and solar thermal electricity net generation data from EIA, Form 
EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors 
in Table A6. 

Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Industrial Sector

2010 forward:  Industrial sector solar photovoltaic and solar thermal electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA‐
923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in 
Table A6. 

Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Electric Power Sector

1984 forward:  Electric power sector solar photovoltaic and solar thermal electricity net generation data from Table 7.2b 
are converted to Btu by multiplying the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6. 

Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Total

1984 forward:  Utility‐scale solar energy consumption for total electricity is the sum of the utility‐scale solar energy 
consumption (for electricity) values for the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.  

Solar Energy Consumption: Total

1984 forward:  Total solar energy consumption is the sum of the values for total distributed solar energy consumption 
and total utility‐scale solar energy consumption.  

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  197 
 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

 
 

 
 

11. Environment
Figure 11.1  Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 
                               (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide) 
 

Total [a], 1973–2020 Total [a], Monthly

8,000 600

6,000
400

4,000

200

2,000

0
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2019 2020 2021
 
 

By Major Source, 1973–2020 By Major Source, Monthly

3,000 250

Petroleum
200
Petroleum

2,000
150 Natural Gas
Coal [b]

100
Natural Gas
1,000
50
Coal [b]

0
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2019 2020 2021
 
 

Total [a], January–August By Major Source, August 2021

4,000
3,449
3,500 3,263
Petroleum 195
3,032
3,000

2,500

2,000 Natural Gas 130

1,500

1,000
Coal [b] 108
500

0
2019 2020 2021 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
 
 

[a] Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment. 
[b] Includes coal coke net imports.  Source:  Table 11.1. 
 

200  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Natural Aviation Distillate Jet Kero- Lubri- Motor Petroleum Residual
Coalb Gasc Gasoline Fuel Oild HGLe Fuel sene cants Gasolinef Coke Fuel Oil Otherg Total Totalh,i

1973 Total .................... 1,221 1,175 6 485 80 154 33 13 911 55 486 102 2,325 4,721
1975 Total .................... 1,195 1,043 5 447 73 146 24 11 911 52 424 97 2,190 4,428
1980 Total .................... 1,454 1,058 4 451 78 156 24 13 901 50 433 134 2,244 4,756
1985 Total .................... 1,655 927 3 450 82 178 17 12 933 56 207 86 2,024 4,605
1990 Total .................... 1,820 1,026 3 475 75 223 6 13 988 72 212 119 2,185 5,038
1995 Total .................... 1,912 1,185 3 504 90 222 8 13 1,042 77 147 111 2,216 5,324
2000 Total .................... 2,155 1,246 3 592 106 259 10 14 1,141 85 157 111 2,477 5,889
2005 Total .................... 2,180 1,182 2 653 92 251 11 12 1,205 110 159 140 2,633 6,007
2006 Total .................... 2,146 1,170 2 658 86 244 8 11 1,217 106 119 151 2,602 5,929
2007 Total .................... 2,171 1,245 2 657 90 242 5 12 1,209 99 125 147 2,587 6,016
2008 Total .................... 2,139 1,255 2 619 89 231 2 11 1,134 94 107 130 2,418 5,823
2009 Total .................... 1,875 1,233 2 563 86 208 3 10 1,127 87 88 111 2,283 5,404
2010 Total .................... 1,986 1,292 2 591 84 214 3 11 1,107 81 92 119 2,304 5,594
2011 Total .................... 1,876 1,312 2 600 79 213 2 10 1,074 78 79 118 2,255 5,455
2012 Total .................... 1,658 1,372 2 577 75 210 1 9 1,066 78 64 114 2,195 5,236
2013 Total .................... 1,718 1,408 2 581 85 214 1 10 1,077 77 55 120 2,221 5,359
2014 Total .................... 1,713 1,438 2 614 86 220 1 10 1,085 77 44 112 2,251 5,414
2015 Total .................... 1,482 1,479 1 606 86 231 1 11 1,114 77 45 116 2,290 5,262
2016 Total .................... 1,355 1,490 1 583 83 242 1 11 1,134 77 56 124 2,313 5,169
2017 Total .................... 1,318 1,471 1 591 85 251 1 10 1,131 71 59 130 2,331 5,131
2018 Total .................... 1,263 1,626 2 626 98 255 1 10 1,131 73 55 127 2,377 5,277

2019 January ................ 110 186 (s) 56 13 21 (s) 1 91 6 5 11 202 499

February .............. 90 164 (s) 50 11 18 (s) 1 84 2 4 7 177 432
March ................... 89 159 (s) 54 10 22 (s) 1 95 6 3 10 200 448
April ..................... 69 119 (s) 51 7 22 (s) 1 94 4 3 12 194 383
May ...................... 81 115 (s) 53 7 23 (s) 1 98 6 3 12 202 399
June ..................... 89 114 (s) 49 7 22 (s) 1 97 7 5 10 198 402
July ...................... 110 129 (s) 50 7 23 (s) 1 98 8 5 10 202 442
August ................. 103 131 (s) 52 7 23 (s) 1 102 6 5 12 208 444
September ........... 94 119 (s) 49 7 21 (s) 1 92 5 4 11 190 403
October ................ 76 125 (s) 54 9 22 (s) 1 96 4 5 12 202 404
November ............ 84 151 (s) 53 10 21 (s) 1 91 6 3 11 197 432
December ............ 82 172 (s) 50 11 23 (s) 1 92 7 4 12 200 455
Total .................... 1,078 1,684 2 621 105 261 1 9 1,128 67 47 131 2,372 5,144

2020 January ................ 75 179 (s) 52 11 21 (s) 1 90 5 3 11 194 449

February .............. 66 165 (s) 49 9 19 (s) 1 87 5 3 12 185 417
March ................... 60 146 (s) 51 10 18 (s) 1 80 5 1 13 179 386
April ..................... 49 121 (s) 44 7 8 (s) 1 59 3 1 10 133 304
May ...................... 55 111 (s) 44 7 8 (s) 1 74 4 1 11 150 317
June ..................... 73 115 (s) 43 6 10 (s) 1 82 4 3 10 159 348
July ...................... 97 134 (s) 46 7 12 (s) 1 87 5 5 10 173 405
August ................. 98 130 (s) 47 7 13 (s) 1 88 7 4 10 177 406
September ........... 77 117 (s) 47 8 11 (s) 1 85 6 5 8 170 365
October ................ 69 125 (s) 52 9 13 (s) 1 86 4 4 8 176 371
November ............ 70 131 (s) 48 10 14 (s) 1 79 6 3 9 170 372
December ............ 86 172 (s) 50 13 15 (s) 1 80 5 3 10 177 435
Total .................... 875 1,647 1 572 104 161 1 8 977 58 36 123 2,042 4,575

2021 January ................ 90 178 (s) 52 13 14 (s) 1 79 5 4 8 175 444

February .............. 94 165 (s) 47 10 13 (s) 1 72 3 3 7 156 416
March ................... 71 141 (s) 53 10 15 (s) 1 88 4 4 11 186 399
April ..................... 62 121 (s) 50 8 16 (s) 1 88 4 2 12 181 365
May ...................... 72 113 (s) 51 8 17 (s) 1 94 6 4 10 190 376
June ..................... 94 119 (s) 50 8 18 (s) 1 92 6 5 9 188 402
July ...................... 110 129 (s) 48 7 19 (s) 1 96 4 5 9 188 427
August ................. 108 130 (s) 51 8 20 (s) 1 94 7 5 10 195 434
8-Month Total ..... 701 1,096 1 400 72 130 1 6 702 39 32 76 1,459 3,263

2020 8-Month Total ..... 574 1,101 1 376 64 109 1 5 647 38 22 87 1,349 3,032
2019 8-Month Total ..... 741 1,118 1 415 68 174 1 6 757 45 31 85 1,583 3,449

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
b Includes coal coke net imports. consumption, plus the relatively small amount of emissions from the
c Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. non-combustion use of fossil fuels. See "Section 11 Methodology and Sources" at
d Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of
e Hydrocarbon gas liquids. Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. • Data exclude
f Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7 and Note 2,
g Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at
components, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products. rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
h Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
waste. See Table 11.6. (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
i Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7. Sources: See end of section.
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  201 
Figure 11.2  Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector 
                               (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide) 
 

Total [a] by End-Use Sector [b], 1973–2020 Residential Sector by Major Source, 1973–2020
2,500 1,000
Retail Electricity [b]
Transportation
2,000 Industrial
750

1,500
500
1,000 Residential
Commercial
Natural Gas
250
500

Petroleum
0 0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Commercial Sector by Major Source, 1973–2020 Industrial Sector by Major Source, 1973–2020
1,000 1,000

Retail Electricity [b]

750 750
Retail Electricity [b]

Natural Gas
500 500

Petroleum
250 250
Natural Gas
Coal

Petroleum
0 0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

Transportation Sector by Major Source, 1973–2020 Electric Power Sector by Major Source, 1973–2020
2,500 2,500

Petroleum Coal
2,000 2,000

1,500 1,500

1,000 1,000

500 500
Natural Gas

Natural Gas Petroleum

0 0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
 
 

[a] Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.  electricity retail sales. 
[b] Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are  Web Page:  http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment. 
allocated to the end‐use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total  Sources:  Tables 11.2–11.6. 

202  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum

Natural Distillate Retail

Coal Gasb Fuel Oilc HGLd Kerosene Total Electricitye Totalf

1973 Total .......................... 9 264 148 36 17 201 435 908

1975 Total .......................... 6 266 134 32 12 178 419 869
1980 Total .......................... 3 256 97 20 8 125 531 915
1985 Total .......................... 4 240 81 20 12 112 557 913
1990 Total .......................... 3 238 72 22 5 99 622 962
1995 Total .......................... 2 263 67 25 5 97 677 1,039
2000 Total .......................... 1 271 68 35 7 109 804 1,185
2005 Total .......................... 1 262 64 32 6 102 895 1,260
2006 Total .......................... 1 237 53 28 5 86 868 1,191
2007 Total .......................... 1 256 54 30 3 87 896 1,240
2008 Total .......................... NA 266 56 35 2 92 877 1,234
2009 Total .......................... NA 259 43 34 2 80 818 1,157
2010 Total .......................... NA 259 42 33 2 77 874 1,210
2011 Total .......................... NA 255 39 31 1 71 823 1,149
2012 Total .......................... NA 225 36 25 1 61 757 1,043
2013 Total .......................... NA 266 36 29 1 66 767 1,100
2014 Total .......................... NA 278 40 31 1 71 766 1,115
2015 Total .......................... NA 253 41 28 1 70 714 1,037
2016 Total .......................... NA 238 32 27 1 60 683 981
2017 Total .......................... NA 241 32 27 1 60 645 946
2018 Total .......................... NA 274 38 32 1 70 671 1,015

2019 January ...................... NA 52 5 6 (s) 11 61 124

February .................... NA 44 4 5 (s) 9 50 103
March ......................... NA 38 4 4 (s) 8 47 93
April ........................... NA 18 2 3 (s) 5 34 57
May ............................ NA 12 2 2 (s) 4 41 56
June ........................... NA 7 2 1 (s) 3 51 61
July ............................ NA 6 2 1 (s) 3 70 79
August ....................... NA 6 2 1 (s) 3 67 76
September ................. NA 6 1 1 (s) 3 57 65
October ...................... NA 13 2 2 (s) 4 42 60
November .................. NA 32 4 4 (s) 8 44 85
December .................. NA 41 5 5 (s) 10 49 100
Total .......................... NA 276 35 35 1 71 611 958

2020 January ...................... NA 45 4 5 (s) 10 48 103

February .................... NA 40 3 5 (s) 8 42 90
March ......................... NA 29 3 4 (s) 7 37 73
April ........................... NA 21 3 3 (s) 6 33 59
May ............................ NA 13 3 2 (s) 5 37 56
June ........................... NA 7 2 1 (s) 3 52 63
July ............................ NA 6 1 1 (s) 2 75 83
August ....................... NA 6 1 1 (s) 2 71 80
September ................. NA 7 2 1 (s) 3 52 62
October ...................... NA 13 2 2 (s) 5 41 60
November .................. NA 24 3 3 (s) 6 39 69
December .................. NA 44 4 5 (s) 9 54 106
Total .......................... NA 256 32 34 1 67 578 901

2021 January ...................... NA 48 3 6 (s) 9 56 113

February .................... NA 47 3 5 (s) 9 56 113
March ......................... NA 31 3 4 (s) 7 41 79
April ........................... NA 19 2 3 (s) 5 34 57
May ............................ NA 12 2 2 (s) 3 39 54
June ........................... NA 7 1 1 (s) 2 58 68
July ............................ NA 6 1 1 (s) 2 71 79
August ....................... NA 6 1 1 (s) 2 72 80
8-Month Total ........... NA 176 16 22 (s) 39 428 643

2020 8-Month Total ........... NA 168 22 21 1 44 395 607

2019 8-Month Total ........... NA 183 23 23 (s) 46 421 650

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. consumption. See "Section 11 Methodology and Sources" at end of section.
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. • Data exclude emissions from
d Hydrocarbon gas liquids. biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon
e Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. • Totals
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Tables 7.6 and 11.6. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
f Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7. (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons. Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  203 
Table 11.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum

Natural Distillate Motor Petroleum Residual Retail

Coal Gasb Fuel Oilc HGLd Kerosene Gasolinee Coke Fuel Oil Total Electricityf Totalg

1973 Total ........................ 15 140 48 9 5 6 NA 50 118 334 607

1975 Total ........................ 14 136 43 8 4 6 NA 37 98 334 582
1980 Total ........................ 11 141 38 6 3 8 NA 42 97 414 662
1985 Total ........................ 13 132 47 6 2 7 NA 17 79 484 708
1990 Total ........................ 12 142 40 6 1 8 0 17 72 564 790
1995 Total ........................ 11 164 35 7 2 1 (s) 11 56 619 850
2000 Total ........................ 9 172 37 9 2 3 (s) 7 58 781 1,021
2005 Total ........................ 9 163 33 8 2 3 (s) 9 55 840 1,067
2006 Total ........................ 6 154 30 8 1 3 (s) 6 48 834 1,042
2007 Total ........................ 7 164 28 8 1 4 (s) 6 46 860 1,077
2008 Total ........................ 8 171 29 10 (s) 3 (s) 5 47 848 1,074
2009 Total ........................ 7 169 29 9 (s) 3 (s) 5 47 784 1,007
2010 Total ........................ 7 168 29 9 (s) 3 (s) 5 46 804 1,025
2011 Total ........................ 6 171 29 9 (s) 3 (s) 4 45 768 990
2012 Total ........................ 4 157 26 9 (s) 3 (s) 2 40 731 932
2013 Total ........................ 4 179 25 10 (s) 3 (s) 2 40 736 958
2014 Total ........................ 4 189 26 10 (s) 4 (s) 1 41 736 970
2015 Total ........................ 3 175 27 9 (s) 25 (s) (s) 61 692 932
2016 Total ........................ 2 171 24 9 (s) 25 (s) (s) 59 661 893
2017 Total ........................ 2 173 24 10 (s) 24 (s) (s) 58 633 866
2018 Total ........................ 2 193 24 11 (s) 24 (s) (s) 59 631 885

2019 January .................... (s) 30 4 2 (s) 2 (s) (s) 7 51 89

February .................. (s) 26 3 1 (s) 2 (s) (s) 6 44 76
March ....................... (s) 23 3 1 (s) 2 (s) (s) 6 45 74
April ......................... (s) 14 2 1 (s) 2 (s) (s) 5 38 57
May .......................... (s) 10 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 45 60
June ......................... (s) 8 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 49 61
July .......................... (s) 8 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 60 72
August ..................... (s) 8 2 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 59 71
September ............... (s) 8 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 3 53 64
October .................... (s) 12 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 45 61
November ................ (s) 21 3 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 6 44 72
December ................ (s) 25 3 1 (s) 2 (s) (s) 7 44 76
Total ........................ 2 193 24 11 (s) 24 (s) (s) 60 577 832

2020 January .................... (s) 27 3 1 (s) 2 (s) (s) 6 42 75

February .................. (s) 25 2 1 (s) 2 (s) (s) 6 38 68
March ....................... (s) 19 2 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 5 37 61
April ......................... (s) 13 2 1 (s) 1 0 (s) 4 30 48
May .......................... (s) 9 2 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 5 33 47
June ......................... (s) 7 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 43 54
July .......................... (s) 7 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 3 56 67
August ..................... (s) 7 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 3 55 65
September ............... (s) 8 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 45 57
October .................... (s) 11 2 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 42 58
November ................ (s) 16 2 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 5 38 59
December ................ (s) 25 2 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 6 43 74
Total ........................ 1 174 22 11 (s) 21 (s) (s) 55 504 734

2021 January .................... (s) 27 2 2 (s) 2 0 (s) 5 43 75

February .................. (s) 27 2 1 (s) 2 (s) (s) 5 44 76
March ....................... (s) 19 2 1 (s) 2 (s) (s) 5 37 61
April ......................... (s) 13 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 35 53
May .......................... (s) 10 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 4 40 54
June ......................... (s) 8 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 3 52 63
July .......................... (s) 8 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 3 59 70
August ..................... (s) 8 1 1 (s) 2 0 (s) 3 59 70
8-Month Total ......... 1 120 11 7 (s) 15 (s) (s) 34 368 523

2020 8-Month Total ......... 1 114 15 7 (s) 14 (s) (s) 36 334 485
2019 8-Month Total ......... 1 127 16 7 (s) 16 (s) (s) 40 391 559

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. consumption. See "Section 11 Methodology and Sources" at end of section.
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. • Data exclude emissions from
d Hydrocarbon gas liquids. biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon
e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. • Totals
f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
Tables 7.6 and 11.6. (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7. Sources: See end of section.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
 
 
 

 
 
 

204  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 11.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Coal Petroleum
Coke Retail
Net Natural Distillate Kero- Lubri- Motor Petroleum Residual Elec-
Coal Imports Gasb Fuel Oilc HGLd sene cants Gasolinee Coke Fuel Oil Otherf Total tricityg Totalh

1973 Total .................... 373 -1 533 107 31 11 7 18 54 139 102 471 515 1,891
1975 Total .................... 338 2 437 98 30 9 6 16 52 113 97 420 490 1,686
1980 Total .................... 291 -4 427 97 52 13 7 11 50 101 134 465 604 1,782
1985 Total .................... 257 -2 361 82 54 3 6 16 55 56 86 358 587 1,561
1990 Total .................... 258 1 435 85 45 1 7 13 69 31 119 369 636 1,699
1995 Total .................... 232 7 492 83 57 1 7 14 69 25 111 368 658 1,757
2000 Total .................... 211 7 486 89 61 1 7 11 75 18 111 373 717 1,795
2005 Total .................... 182 5 405 94 49 3 6 25 86 21 140 423 671 1,687
2006 Total .................... 180 7 407 93 48 2 6 26 85 18 151 430 649 1,673
2007 Total .................... 175 3 419 93 50 1 6 21 83 14 147 415 661 1,672
2008 Total .................... 168 5 419 99 41 (s) 6 17 79 15 130 386 641 1,619
2009 Total .................... 131 -3 395 79 41 (s) 5 16 73 10 111 335 550 1,408
2010 Total .................... 152 -1 428 85 42 1 5 17 67 9 119 345 587 1,511
2011 Total .................... 146 1 438 91 38 (s) 5 17 64 10 118 343 574 1,502
2012 Total .................... 142 (s) 455 94 42 (s) 4 17 69 5 114 345 543 1,485
2013 Total .................... 145 -2 472 94 46 (s) 5 17 64 4 120 349 542 1,505
2014 Total .................... 144 -2 487 101 45 (s) 5 14 65 3 112 345 543 1,516
2015 Total .................... 129 -2 486 87 48 (s) 5 17 66 2 116 342 502 1,457
2016 Total .................... 113 -2 496 86 46 (s) 5 17 65 4 124 347 472 1,426
2017 Total .................... 112 -3 509 89 48 (s) 5 17 61 4 130 354 461 1,432
2018 Total .................... 111 -3 532 93 54 (s) 5 18 62 3 127 362 457 1,459

2019 January ................ 9 (s) 50 10 5 (s) (s) 1 5 (s) 11 34 38 130

February .............. 9 (s) 45 9 4 (s) (s) 1 1 (s) 7 24 33 110
March ................... 9 (s) 47 9 4 (s) (s) 1 5 (s) 10 30 34 120
April ..................... 8 (s) 43 8 4 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 12 29 30 111
May ...................... 9 (s) 44 8 4 (s) (s) 2 5 (s) 12 32 34 118
June ..................... 9 (s) 41 6 5 (s) (s) 1 7 (s) 10 30 36 116
July ...................... 9 (s) 42 6 5 (s) (s) 2 7 (s) 10 30 42 122
August ................. 9 (s) 44 6 5 (s) (s) 2 6 (s) 12 31 41 124
September ........... 8 (s) 42 7 5 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 11 29 37 117
October ................ 9 (s) 44 9 5 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 12 32 33 118
November ............ 8 (s) 47 7 5 (s) (s) 1 6 (s) 11 31 34 121
December ............ 9 (s) 50 5 5 (s) (s) 1 6 (s) 12 30 32 121
Total .................... 105 -2 540 89 58 (s) 4 18 60 3 131 363 425 1,430

2020 January ................ 8 (s) 49 10 4 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 11 32 30 119

February .............. 8 (s) 46 10 3 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 12 32 28 114
March ................... 8 (s) 46 9 5 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 13 33 28 114
April ..................... 7 (s) 41 4 3 (s) (s) 1 3 (s) 10 21 23 93
May ...................... 6 (s) 40 3 4 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 11 24 25 96
June ..................... 7 (s) 39 4 5 (s) (s) 1 3 (s) 10 23 30 99
July ...................... 7 (s) 41 5 5 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 10 26 36 110
August ................. 7 (s) 42 6 5 (s) (s) 1 6 (s) 10 29 37 115
September ........... 7 (s) 42 7 6 (s) (s) 1 5 (s) 8 28 31 107
October ................ 8 (s) 44 9 6 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 8 28 31 111
November ............ 8 (s) 45 8 6 (s) (s) 1 5 (s) 9 30 29 111
December ............ 8 (s) 49 8 6 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 10 30 32 119
Total .................... 88 -1 525 83 59 (s) 4 15 50 2 123 335 363 1,310

2021 January ................ 8 (s) 49 11 6 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 8 30 32 120

February .............. 8 (s) 42 8 3 (s) (s) 1 2 (s) 7 22 32 104
March ................... 8 (s) 45 10 5 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 11 32 27 112
April ..................... 8 (s) 43 9 5 (s) (s) 1 4 (s) 12 31 28 110
May ...................... 8 (s) 43 8 6 (s) (s) 1 5 (s) 10 31 32 113
June ..................... 8 -1 41 8 6 (s) (s) 1 6 (s) 9 31 37 117
July ...................... 8 (s) 43 6 6 (s) (s) 1 3 (s) 9 26 41 118
August ................. 7 -1 43 8 7 (s) (s) 1 6 (s) 10 32 41 123
8-Month Total ..... 64 -3 350 67 42 (s) 3 11 34 2 76 235 272 917

2020 8-Month Total ..... 58 -1 345 51 35 (s) 3 10 32 1 87 219 238 860

2019 8-Month Total ..... 70 -1 357 61 38 (s) 3 12 39 2 85 239 287 952

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons and greater than -0.5 million metric tons.
equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. consumption, plus the relatively small amount of emissions from the
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. non-combustion use of fossil fuels. See "Section 11 Methodology and Sources" at
d Hydrocarbon gas liquids. end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of
e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. • Data exclude
f Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7 and Note 2,
components, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at
waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products. end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
g Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Tables 7.6 and 11.6. Sources: See end of section.
h Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7.
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  205 
Table 11.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Retail
Natural Aviation Distillate Jet Lubri- Motor Residual Elec-
Coal Gasb Gasoline Fuel Oilc HGLd Fuel cants Gasolinee Fuel Oil Total tricityf Totalg

1973 Total ........................ (s) 39 6 164 3 152 6 887 55 1,272 2 1,314

1975 Total ........................ (s) 32 5 157 3 144 6 889 53 1,257 2 1,291
1980 Total ........................ (h) 34 4 207 1 155 6 882 105 1,361 2 1,397
1985 Total ........................ h
( ) 28 3 234 2 178 6 910 59 1,393 3 1,423
1990 Total ........................ (h) 36 3 271 1 223 7 967 76 1,548 3 1,587
1995 Total ........................ (h) 38 3 310 1 222 6 1,026 68 1,637 3 1,679
2000 Total ........................ (h) 36 3 386 1 259 7 1,128 67 1,848 4 1,888
2005 Total ........................ (h) 33 2 453 2 251 6 1,177 63 1,954 5 1,992
2006 Total ........................ (h) 33 2 476 2 244 5 1,188 68 1,985 5 2,023
2007 Total ........................ (h) 35 2 476 1 242 6 1,184 75 1,986 5 2,026
2008 Total ........................ (h) 37 2 430 3 231 5 1,114 70 1,854 5 1,896
2009 Total ........................ (h) 38 2 406 2 208 5 1,107 59 1,789 5 1,832
2010 Total ........................ (h) 38 2 429 (s) 214 6 1,086 67 1,804 5 1,847
2011 Total ........................ (h) 39 2 436 (s) 213 5 1,054 58 1,769 4 1,813
2012 Total ........................ (h) 41 2 417 (s) 210 5 1,047 50 1,730 4 1,776
2013 Total ........................ (h) 47 2 421 (s) 214 5 1,057 44 1,744 4 1,795
2014 Total ........................ (h) 40 2 441 (s) 220 6 1,067 34 1,769 4 1,814
2015 Total ........................ (h) 39 1 447 (s) 231 6 1,073 35 1,794 4 1,837
2016 Total ........................ (h) 40 1 437 (s) 242 6 1,092 47 1,826 4 1,869
2017 Total ........................ (h) 42 1 442 (s) 251 5 1,090 50 1,841 4 1,886
2018 Total ........................ (h) 51 2 466 (s) 255 5 1,090 45 1,863 4 1,918

2019 January .................... (h) 7 (s) 37 (s) 21 (s) 87 4 149 (s) 156
February .................. (h) 6 (s) 34 (s) 18 (s) 81 3 137 (s) 143
March ....................... (h) 6 (s) 38 (s) 22 (s) 91 3 155 (s) 160
April ......................... (h) 4 (s) 39 (s) 22 1 90 2 154 (s) 158
May .......................... (h) 4 (s) 41 (s) 23 (s) 94 2 160 (s) 165
June ......................... (h) 4 (s) 40 (s) 22 (s) 93 4 160 (s) 164
July .......................... (h) 5 (s) 42 (s) 23 (s) 94 4 164 (s) 169
August ..................... (h) 5 (s) 42 (s) 23 (s) 98 4 168 (s) 172
September ............... (h) 4 (s) 39 (s) 21 (s) 88 4 153 (s) 157
October .................... (h) 4 (s) 42 (s) 22 (s) 92 4 160 (s) 165
November ................ (h) 5 (s) 38 (s) 21 (s) 88 2 150 (s) 155
December ................ (h) 6 (s) 37 (s) 23 (s) 89 3 152 (s) 158
Total ........................ (h) 59 2 468 (s) 261 5 1,086 40 1,862 3 1,924

2020 January .................... (h) 6 (s) 34 (s) 21 (s) 86 3 145 (s) 152
February .................. (h) 6 (s) 33 (s) 19 (s) 84 2 139 (s) 145
March ....................... (h) 5 (s) 36 (s) 18 (s) 77 1 133 (s) 138
April ......................... (h) 4 (s) 34 (s) 8 (s) 57 1 100 (s) 105
May .......................... (h) 4 (s) 35 (s) 8 (s) 71 1 115 (s) 119
June ......................... (h) 4 (s) 36 (s) 10 (s) 79 2 128 (s) 132
July .......................... (h) 5 (s) 38 (s) 12 (s) 84 4 139 (s) 144
August ..................... (h) 5 (s) 39 (s) 13 (s) 85 4 141 (s) 145
September ............... (h) 4 (s) 37 (s) 11 (s) 82 4 134 (s) 138
October .................... (h) 4 (s) 39 (s) 13 (s) 83 3 138 (s) 142
November ................ (h) 5 (s) 35 (s) 14 (s) 76 2 128 (s) 133
December ................ (h) 6 (s) 35 (s) 15 (s) 77 2 130 (s) 137
Total ........................ (h) 58 1 432 (s) 161 4 941 30 1,570 3 1,631

2021 January .................... (h) 6 (s) 35 (s) 14 (s) 76 3 129 (s) 136
February .................. (h) 6 (s) 32 (s) 13 (s) 69 3 117 (s) 123
March ....................... (h) 5 (s) 38 (s) 15 (s) 85 4 141 (s) 147
April ......................... (h) 4 (s) 38 (s) 16 (s) 85 2 140 (s) 145
May .......................... (h) 4 (s) 39 (s) 17 (s) 90 3 150 (s) 154
June ......................... (h) 4 (s) 39 (s) 18 (s) 89 4 150 (s) 155
July .......................... (h) 5 (s) 40 (s) 19 (s) 92 4 156 (s) 160
August ..................... (h) 5 (s) 41 (s) 20 (s) 90 4 156 (s) 161
8-Month Total ......... (h) 39 1 303 (s) 130 3 676 27 1,141 2 1,181

2020 8-Month Total ......... (h) 39 1 286 (s) 109 3 623 18 1,039 2 1,080
2019 8-Month Total ......... (h) 39 1 313 (s) 174 3 729 26 1,246 2 1,288

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. consumption, plus the relatively small amount of emissions from the
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. non-combustion use of fossil fuels. See "Section 11 Methodology and Sources" at
d Hydrocarbon gas liquids. end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of
e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. • Data exclude
f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7 and Note 2,
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at
sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
Tables 7.6 and 11.6. rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
h Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
reported as industrial sector consumption. Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

206  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table 11.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Non-
Natural Distillate Petroleum Residual Geo- Biomass
Coal Gasb Fuel Oilc Coke Fuel Oil Total thermal Wasted Totale

1973 Total ............................ 823 199 20 2 242 264 NA NA 1,286

1975 Total ............................ 836 172 17 (s) 221 237 NA NA 1,245
1980 Total ............................ 1,153 200 12 1 185 198 NA NA 1,551
1985 Total ............................ 1,383 166 6 1 75 82 NA NA 1,631
1990 Total ............................ 1,547 175 7 3 87 98 (s) 6 1,826
1995 Total ............................ 1,660 228 8 8 43 59 (s) 10 1,957
2000 Total ............................ 1,926 281 13 10 65 89 (s) 10 2,306
2005 Total ............................ 1,983 319 9 24 66 98 (s) 11 2,411
2006 Total ............................ 1,953 338 5 21 27 53 (s) 12 2,356
2007 Total ............................ 1,986 371 7 17 30 53 (s) 11 2,422
2008 Total ............................ 1,958 362 5 15 18 38 (s) 12 2,371
2009 Total ............................ 1,740 373 5 13 14 32 (s) 11 2,157
2010 Total ............................ 1,828 400 6 14 12 31 (s) 11 2,270
2011 Total ............................ 1,723 409 5 14 7 26 (s) 11 2,170
2012 Total ............................ 1,512 493 4 9 6 18 (s) 11 2,035
2013 Total ............................ 1,571 444 4 13 6 22 (s) 11 2,049
2014 Total ............................ 1,568 443 6 12 7 25 (s) 11 2,048
2015 Total ............................ 1,351 525 5 11 7 24 (s) 11 1,912
2016 Total ............................ 1,242 545 4 12 5 21 (s) 11 1,820
2017 Total ............................ 1,207 506 4 10 5 19 (s) 11 1,743
2018 Total ............................ 1,153 577 6 10 6 22 (s) 11 1,764

2019 January ........................ 101 46 1 1 (s) 2 (s) 1 150

February ...................... 82 43 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 126
March ........................... 80 44 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 126
April ............................. 60 40 (s) (s) (s) 1 (s) 1 103
May .............................. 72 46 (s) 1 (s) 2 (s) 1 120
June ............................. 80 54 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 136
July .............................. 101 68 (s) 1 (s) 2 (s) 1 172
August ......................... 95 70 (s) 1 (s) 2 (s) 1 167
September ................... 85 59 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 147
October ........................ 68 51 (s) (s) (s) 1 (s) 1 121
November .................... 76 45 (s) (s) (s) 1 (s) 1 123
December .................... 73 50 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 125
Total ............................ 974 616 4 8 4 16 (s) 11 1,617

2020 January ........................ 66 51 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 120

February ...................... 58 48 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 108
March ........................... 52 48 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 102
April ............................. 43 42 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 86
May .............................. 48 45 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 96
June ............................. 66 57 (s) 1 (s) 2 (s) 1 126
July .............................. 90 75 (s) 1 (s) 2 (s) 1 167
August ......................... 91 70 (s) 1 (s) 2 (s) 1 163
September ................... 70 57 (s) (s) (s) 1 (s) 1 128
October ........................ 61 52 (s) (s) (s) 1 (s) 1 115
November .................... 62 42 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 106
December .................... 79 48 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 129
Total ............................ 787 633 3 8 4 16 (s) 11 1,447

2021 January ........................ 82 47 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 132

February ...................... 87 43 1 1 (s) 2 (s) 1 133
March ........................... 62 41 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 105
April ............................. 54 41 (s) (s) (s) 1 (s) 1 97
May .............................. 64 45 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 111
June ............................. 87 59 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 148
July .............................. 102 67 (s) 1 (s) 1 (s) 1 171
August ......................... 101 68 (s) 1 1 2 (s) 1 173
8-Month Total ............. 639 411 3 6 3 11 (s) 7 1,069

2020 8-Month Total ............. 515 435 2 6 3 11 (s) 7 969

2019 8-Month Total ............. 671 412 3 6 3 12 (s) 7 1,102

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon consumption. See "Section 11 Methodology and Sources" at end of section.
equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. • Data exclude emissions from
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon
d Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels. Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. • Totals
Through 1994, also includes blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic
gases derived from fossil fuels. coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
e Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 11.7. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons. (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy Sources: See end of section.
 
 
 

 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  207 
Table 11.7 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
By Source By Sector

Biomass Fuel Bio- Resi- Com- Indus- Trans- Electric

Woodb Wastec Ethanold diesel Total dential merciale trialf portation Powerg Total

1973 Total ...................... 143 (s) NA NA 143 33 1 109 NA (s) 143

1975 Total ...................... 140 (s) NA NA 141 40 1 100 NA (s) 141
1980 Total ...................... 232 (s) NA NA 232 80 2 150 NA (s) 232
1985 Total ...................... 252 14 3 NA 270 95 2 168 3 1 270
1990 Total ...................... 208 24 4 NA 237 54 8 147 4 23 237
1995 Total ...................... 222 30 8 NA 260 49 9 166 8 28 260
2000 Total ...................... 212 27 9 NA 248 39 9 161 9 29 248
2005 Total ...................... 200 37 23 1 261 40 10 150 23 37 261
2006 Total ...................... 197 36 31 2 266 36 9 151 33 38 266
2007 Total ...................... 196 37 39 3 276 39 9 146 41 39 276
2008 Total ...................... 193 39 55 3 290 44 10 139 57 40 290
2009 Total ...................... 182 41 62 3 288 47 10 125 64 41 288
2010 Total ...................... 208 42 73 2 325 51 10 149 74 42 325
2011 Total ...................... 208 42 73 8 331 49 11 151 80 40 331
2012 Total ...................... 202 42 73 8 325 41 10 153 80 42 325
2013 Total ...................... 219 45 75 13 353 54 11 158 87 43 353
2014 Total ...................... 225 47 76 13 361 54 12 158 88 49 361
2015 Total ...................... 217 47 79 14 357 48 13 157 90 48 357
2016 Total ...................... 209 46 81 20 355 42 14 155 98 47 355
2017 Total ...................... 205 45 82 19 351 40 14 152 98 47 351
2018 Total ...................... 212 44 82 18 356 49 14 151 97 46 356

2019 January .................. 18 4 6 1 30 4 1 13 7 4 30

February ................ 17 3 6 1 27 4 1 12 7 3 27
March ..................... 18 3 7 1 29 4 1 13 8 3 29
April ....................... 17 3 7 1 28 4 1 12 8 3 28
May ........................ 17 3 7 2 30 4 1 12 9 3 30
June ....................... 17 3 7 1 29 4 1 12 8 3 29
July ........................ 18 3 7 2 30 4 1 13 8 4 30
August ................... 18 3 7 2 30 4 1 13 8 4 30
September ............. 17 3 7 1 28 4 1 12 8 3 28
October .................. 17 3 7 1 29 4 1 12 8 3 29
November .............. 17 3 7 1 29 4 1 12 8 3 29
December .............. 18 4 7 1 30 4 1 13 8 4 30
Total ...................... 210 40 83 17 350 51 13 147 97 41 350

2020 January .................. 17 4 7 1 29 4 1 13 8 4 29

February ................ 16 3 6 1 27 3 1 12 7 3 27
March ..................... 17 3 5 1 27 4 1 12 7 3 27
April ....................... 16 3 4 1 25 4 1 12 5 3 25
May ........................ 17 3 6 1 27 4 1 12 7 3 27
June ....................... 16 3 6 1 27 4 1 11 8 3 27
July ........................ 16 3 6 2 28 4 1 12 8 3 28
August ................... 16 3 6 2 28 4 1 12 8 4 28
September ............. 16 3 6 2 27 4 1 12 8 3 27
October .................. 16 3 6 2 27 4 1 12 7 3 27
November .............. 16 3 6 1 27 4 1 12 7 3 27
December .............. 17 3 6 2 29 4 1 13 8 3 29
Total ...................... 197 39 72 18 326 43 13 144 87 39 326

2021 January .................. 17 3 6 1 27 4 1 13 6 3 27

February ................ 15 3 5 1 25 3 1 11 6 3 25
March ..................... 17 3 7 1 28 4 1 12 8 3 28
April ....................... 16 3 6 1 27 4 1 12 7 3 27
May ........................ 17 3 7 1 29 4 1 13 8 3 29
June ....................... 16 3 7 1 28 4 1 12 8 3 28
July ........................ 17 3 7 1 29 4 1 12 8 3 29
August ................... 17 3 7 1 28 4 1 12 8 4 28
8-Month Total ....... 132 26 52 10 219 28 8 96 60 26 219

2020 8-Month Total ....... 131 26 47 11 216 29 8 96 57 26 216

2019 8-Month Total ....... 140 27 55 12 233 34 9 98 64 28 233

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. Notes: • Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are
b Wood and wood-derived fuels. excluded from the energy-related carbon dioxide emissions reported in Tables
c Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, 11.1–11.6. See Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Energy Combustion," at end of section. • Data are estimates. See "Section 11
d Fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Methodology and Sources" at end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.
e Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) • See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at
and commercial electricity-only plants. end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
f Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
industrial electricity-only plants. Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
g The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and- (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell Sources: See end of section.
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
 

208  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Environment
Note 1.  Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases.  Greenhouse gases are those gases—such as water 
vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur 
hexafluoride—that are transparent to solar (short‐wave) radiation but opaque to long‐wave (infrared) radiation, thus 
preventing long‐wave radiant energy from leaving Earth's atmosphere.  The net effect is a trapping of absorbed 
radiation and a tendency to warm the planet's surface. 

The vast majority of U.S. CO2 emissions come from fossil fuel combustion, with smaller amounts from the non‐
combustion use of fossil fuels, as well as from electricity generation using geothermal energy and non‐biomass waste.  
Other sources of CO2 emissions include industrial processes, such as cement and limestone production.  Data in the U.S. 
Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Monthly Energy Review (MER) Tables 11.1–11.6 are estimates for U.S. CO2 
emissions from energy consumption, plus the non‐combustion use of fossil fuels (excluded are estimates for CO2 
emissions from biomass energy consumption, which appear in MER Table 11.7). 

For annual U.S. estimates of CO2 emissions from all sources, as well as emissions for other greenhouse gases, see the 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks reports at 
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks. 

Note 2.  Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion.  Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 
from the combustion of biomass to produce energy are excluded from the energy‐related CO2 emissions reported in 
MER Tables 11.1–11.6, but appear in MER Table 11.7.  According to current international convention (see the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's "2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories"), carbon 
released through biomass combustion is excluded from reported energy‐related emissions.  The release of carbon from 
biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting in zero 
net emissions over some period of time.  (This is not to say that biomass energy is carbon‐neutral.  Energy inputs are 
required in order to grow, fertilize, and harvest the feedstock and to produce and process the biomass into fuels.) 

However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass energy may result in a decline in terrestrial carbon 
stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon rather than the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from 
reported energy‐related emissions.  For example, the clearing of forests for biofuel crops could result in an initial release 
of carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequent use of the land for agriculture. 

To reflect the potential net emissions, the international convention for greenhouse gas inventories is to report biomass 
emissions in the category "agriculture, forestry, and other land use," usually based on estimates of net changes in 
carbon stocks over time.  

This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from biomass can potentially lead to confusion in accounting for and 
understanding the flow of CO2 emissions within energy and non‐energy systems.  In recognition of this issue, reporting 
of CO2 emissions from biomass combustion alongside other energy‐related CO2 emissions offers an alternative 
accounting treatment.  It is important, however, to avoid misinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and biomass 
energy sources as necessarily additive.  Instead, the combined total of direct CO2 emissions from biomass and energy‐
related CO2 emissions implicitly assumes that none of the carbon emitted was previously or subsequently reabsorbed in 
terrestrial sinks or that other emissions sources offset any such sequestration. 

Section 11 Methodology and Sources 
To estimate carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption for the Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables 11.1–
11.7, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses the following methodology and sources: 

Step 1. Determine Fuel Consumption

Coal—Coal sectoral (residential, commercial, coke plants, other industrial, transportation, electric power) consumption 
data in thousand short tons are from MER Table 6.2.  Coal sectoral consumption data are converted to trillion Btu by 
multiplying by the coal heat content factors in MER Table A5. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  209 
Coal Coke Net Imports—Coal coke net imports data in trillion Btu are derived from coal coke imports and exports data in 
MER Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. 

Natural Gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels)—Natural gas sectoral consumption data in trillion Btu are from MER 
Tables 2.2–2.6. 

Petroleum—Total and sectoral consumption (product supplied) data in thousand barrels per day for asphalt and road oil, 
aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGL), jet fuel, kerosene, lubricants, motor gasoline, 
petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil are from MER Tables 3.5 and 3.7a–3.7c.  For the component products of HGL 
(ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, isobutane/isobutylene, and natural gasoline) and 
"other petroleum" (aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, naphthas 
for petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical feedstock use, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, 
waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products), consumption (product supplied) data in thousand barrels per day are 
from EIA's Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), and earlier publications (see sources for 
MER Table 3.5).  Petroleum consumption data by product are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the petroleum 
heat content factors in MER Tables A1 and A3. 

Biomass—Sectoral consumption data in trillion Btu for wood, biomass waste, fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), and 
biodiesel are from MER Tables 10.2a–10.2c. 

Step 2. Remove Biofuels From Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil—Beginning in 2009, the distillate fuel oil data (for total and transportation sector) in Step 1 include 
biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel, which are non‐fossil renewable fuels.   

2009–2011:  To remove the biodiesel portion from distillate fuel oil, data for biodiesel consumption (calculated using 
data from EIA, EIA‐22M, “Monthly Biodiesel Production Survey”) and biomass‐based diesel fuel data (from EIA‐810, 
“Monthly Refinery Report,” EIA‐812, “Monthly Product Pipeline Report,” and  EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and 
Blender Report”) are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor in MER Table A1, and 
then subtracted from the distillate fuel oil consumption values.  To remove the renewable diesel fuel portion from 
distillate fuel oil, data for refinery and blender net inputs (from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, 
“Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report”) are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the renewable diesel fuel 
heat content factor in MER Table A1, and then subtracted from the distillate fuel oil consumption values. 

2012–2020:  To remove the biodiesel portion from distillate fuel oil, data for biodiesel consumption (from MER Table 
10.4) is subtracted from the distillate fuel oil consumption values.  To remove the renewable diesel fuel portion from 
distillate fuel oil, data for refinery and blender net inputs (from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, 
“Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report”) are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the renewable diesel fuel 
heat content factor in MER Table A1, and then subtracted from the distillate fuel oil consumption values.  

2021 forward:  To remove the biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel portions from distillate fuel oil, data for refinery and 
blender net inputs (from EIA‐810, “Monthly Refinery Report,” and EIA‐815, “Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender 
Report”) are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel heat content factors in 
MER Table A1, and then subtracted from the distillate fuel oil consumption values.    

Motor Gasoline—Beginning in 1993, the motor gasoline data (for total, commercial sector, industrial sector, and 
transportation sector) in Step 1 include fuel ethanol, a non‐fossil renewable fuel.  To remove the fuel ethanol portion 
from motor gasoline, data in trillion Btu for fuel ethanol consumption (from MER Tables 10.2a, 10.2b, and 10.3) are 
subtracted from the motor gasoline consumption values.  (Note that about 2% of fuel ethanol is fossil‐based petroleum 
denaturant, to make the fuel ethanol undrinkable.  For 1993–2008, petroleum denaturant is double counted in the PSA 
product supplied statistics, in both the original product category—e.g., natural gasoline—and also in the finished motor 
gasoline category; for this time period for MER Section 11, petroleum denaturant is removed along with the fuel ethanol 
from motor gasoline, but left in the original product.  Beginning in 2009, petroleum denaturant is counted only in the 
PSA/PSM product supplied statistics for motor gasoline; for this time period for MER Section 11, petroleum denaturant 
is left in motor gasoline.) 

210  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Step 3. Remove Carbon Sequestered by Non-Combustion Use
The following fuels have industrial non‐combustion uses as chemical feedstocks and other products: coal, natural gas, 
asphalt and road oil, distillate fuel oil, hydrocarbon gas liquids (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal 
butane/butylene, isobutane/isobutylene, and natural gasoline), lubricants (which have industrial and transportation 
non‐combustion uses), naphthas, other oils, petroleum coke, residual fuel oil, special naphthas, still gas, waxes, and 
miscellaneous petroleum products.  See Tables 1.11a and 1.11b for estimates of fossil fuel non‐combustion uses. 

In the non‐combustion use of these fuels, some of the carbon is stored (sequestered) in the final product, and EIA 
subtracts this from the fuel consumption values in Steps 1 and 2.  EIA calculates the amount of carbon sequestered as 
the product of the non‐combustion use of fossil fuels shown in MER Table 1.11b and the following carbon sequestration 
factors.  The factors range from 0.00 to 1.00.  A factor of 0.00 indicates that the fuel does not sequester any carbon (all is 
emitted), while a factor of 1.00 indicates that the fuel sequesters all of the carbon (none is emitted).  EIA uses the 
following carbon sequestration factors:  coal—0.75; natural gas used to produce hydrogen—0.00; natural gas used for 
other manufacturing—0.44; asphalt and road oil—1.00; distillate fuel oil—0.50; hydrocarbon gas liquids—0.80; 
lubricants—0.50; naphthas used for petrochemical feedstock—0.75; other oils used for petrochemical feedstock—0.50; 
petroleum coke used for aluminum production—0.00; petroleum coke used for other manufacturing—0.50; residual fuel 
oil—0.50; special naphthas—0.00; still gas—0.80; waxes—1.00; and miscellaneous petroleum products—1.00. 

Step 4. Determine Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

EIA calculates carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions data in million metric tons as the product of the consumption values in 
trillion Btu from Steps 1 and 2 (minus the carbon sequestered by non‐combustion use in Step 3) and the annual CO2 
emissions factors at https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/xls/CO2_coeffs_detailed.xls.   

Except for plant condensate and unfractionated stream (which are EIA estimates), the CO2 emissions factors for fossil 
fuels are from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, Tables 
A‐32, A‐38, and A‐232.  EIA converts metric tons of carbon to metric tons of CO2 using the approximate molar mass 
(44/12)—see https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory‐us‐greenhouse‐gas‐emissions‐and‐sinks. 

Coal—EIA calculates coal CO2 emissions for each sector (residential, commercial, coke plants, other industrial, 
transportation, electric power).  Total coal emissions are the sum of the sectoral coal emissions.   

Coal Coke Net Imports—EIA calculates coal coke net imports CO2 emissions for the industrial sector.  

Natural Gas—EIA calculates natural gas CO2 emissions for each sector (residential, commercial, industrial, 
transportation, electric power).  Total natural gas emissions are the sum of the sectoral natural gas emissions. 

Petroleum—EIA calculates CO2 emissions for each petroleum product and sector.  Total petroleum emissions are the 
sum of the product emissions.  Total HGL emissions are the sum of the emissions for the component products 
(ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, isobutane/isobutylene, and natural gasoline).  EIA 
estimates residential, commercial, and transportation sector HGL emissions as the product of the HGL consumption 
values in trillion Btu from MER Tables 3.8a and 3.8c and the propane emissions factor.  EIA estimates industrial sector 
HGL emissions as total HGL emissions minus emissions by the other sectors.   

Geothermal and Non‐Biomass Waste—EIA estimates annual CO2 emissions data for geothermal and non‐biomass waste  
on Form EIA‐923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor forms).  EIA estimates monthly data by dividing the 
annual data by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.  Annual 
estimates for the current year are set equal to those of the previous year. 

Biomass—EIA calculates wood, biomass waste, and biofuel CO2 emissions for each sector.  Total emissions for each 
biomass fuel are the sum of the sectoral emissions.  EIA uses the following CO2 emissions factors, in million metric tons 
CO2 per quadrillion Btu:  wood—93.80; biomass waste—90.70; fuel ethanol—68.44; and biodiesel—73.84.  For 1973–
1988, EIA estimates the biomass portion of waste in MER Tables 10.2a–10.2c as 67%; for 1989–2000, the annual 
biomass portion of waste ranges from 67% in 1989 to 58% in 2000, based on the biogenic shares of total municipal solid 
waste shown in EIA's "Methodology for Allocating Municipal Solid Waste to Biogenic and Non‐Biogenic Energy," Table 1 
at https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/historical/msw.pdf.  
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  211 
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Appendix A
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors 
      

   
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British 
thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energy measured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet.  For example, 
10 barrels of asphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636 million Btu per barrel = 
66.36 million Btu). 
The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this section represent the gross (or higher or upper) 
energy content of the fuels.  Gross heat content rates are applied in all Btu calculations for the Monthly Energy Review 
and are commonly used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heat content rates are typically used 
in European energy calculations.  The difference between the two rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to 
vaporize water that is created during the combustion process.  Generally, the difference ranges from 2% to 10%, 
depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content.  Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40% 
different in their gross and net heat content rates.   See “Heat Content” and “British Thermal Unit (Btu)” in the Glossary 
for more information. 
In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2 through A6 are computed from final annual 
data or from the best available data and labeled “preliminary.”  Often, the current year’s factors are labeled “estimate,” 
and are set equal to the previous year’s values until data become available to calculate the factors.  The source of each 
factor is described in the section entitled “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 in 
this appendix. 
Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Biofuels
(Million Btu per Barrel, Except as Noted)
Commodity Heat Content Commodity Heat Content
Asphalt and Road Oil 6.636 Motor Gasoline (Finished)–see Tables A2 and A3
Aviation Gasoline (Finished) 5.048 Motor Gasoline Blending Components (MGBC)
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components 5.048 Through 2006 5.253
Crude Oil–see Table A2 Beginning in 2007 5.222
Distillate Fuel Oil–see Table A3 for averages Oxygenates (excluding Fuel Ethanol) 4.247
15 ppm sulfur and under 5.770 Petrochemical Feedstocks
Greater than 15 ppm to 500 ppm sulfur 5.817 Naphtha Less Than 401°F 5.248
Greater than 500 ppm sulfur 5.825 Other Oils Equal to or Greater Than 401°F 5.825
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Petroleum Coke–see Table A3 for averages
Natural Gas Liquids Total, through 2003 6.024
Ethane 2.783 Catalyst, beginning in 2004 a 6.287

Propane 3.841 Marketable, beginning in 2004 5.719

Normal Butane 4.353 Residual Fuel Oil 6.287
Isobutane 4.183 Special Naphthas 5.248
Natural Gasoline (Pentanes Plus) 4.638 Still Gas
b 6.000
Refinery Olefins Through 2015
Ethylene 2.436 Beginning in 2016 a 6.287

Propylene 3.835 Unfinished Oils 5.825

Butylene 4.377 Waxes 5.537
Isobutylene 4.355 Miscellaneous Products 5.796
c 6.287
Hydrogen Other Hydrocarbons 5.825
Jet Fuel, Kerosene Type 5.670 Biofuels, Fuel Ethanol–see Table A3
Jet Fuel, Naphtha Type 5.355 Biofuels, Biodiesel 5.359
Kerosene 5.670 Biofuels, Renewable Diesel Fuel 5.494
Lubricants 6.065 Biofuels, Other 5.359
a Per residual fuel oil equivalent barrel (6.287 million Btu per barrel).
b Per fuel oil equivalent barrel (6.000 million Btu per barrel).
c Hydrogen has a gross heat content of 323.6 Btu per standard cubic foot (at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 1 atmosphere), and 6.287 million Btu per

residual fuel oil equivalent barrel. For hydrogen, barrels can be converted to standard cubic feet by multiplying by 19,426 standard cubic feet per barrel
of residual fuel oil equivalent.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.
Sources: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6.
214  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports
(Million Btu per Barrel)
Imports Exports

Production Petroleum Products Petroleum Products

Crude Natural Gas Crude Motor Total Crude Motor Total

Oila Plant Liquidsb Oila Gasolinec Productsd Totald Oila Gasolinee Productsd Totald

1950 ...................... 5.800 4.470 5.943 5.253 6.263 6.080 5.800 5.253 5.751 5.766
1955 ...................... 5.800 4.346 5.924 5.253 6.234 6.040 5.800 5.253 5.765 5.768
1960 ...................... 5.800 4.253 5.911 5.253 6.161 6.021 5.800 5.253 5.835 5.834
1965 ...................... 5.800 4.197 5.872 5.253 6.123 5.997 5.800 5.253 5.742 5.743
1970 ...................... 5.800 4.090 5.822 5.253 6.088 5.985 5.800 5.253 5.811 5.810
1975 ...................... 5.800 3.923 5.821 5.253 5.935 5.858 5.800 5.253 5.747 5.748
1980 ...................... 5.800 b 3.864 5.812 5.253 5.748 5.796 5.800 5.253 5.841 5.820
1981 ...................... 5.800 3.860 5.818 5.253 5.659 5.775 5.800 5.253 5.837 5.821
1982 ...................... 5.800 3.798 5.826 5.253 5.664 5.775 5.800 5.253 5.829 5.820
1983 ...................... 5.800 3.755 5.825 5.253 5.677 5.774 5.800 5.253 5.800 5.800
1984 ...................... 5.800 3.745 5.823 5.253 5.613 5.745 5.800 5.253 5.867 5.850
1985 ...................... 5.800 3.752 5.832 5.253 5.572 5.736 5.800 5.253 5.819 5.814
1986 ...................... 5.800 3.733 5.903 5.253 5.624 5.808 5.800 5.253 5.839 5.832
1987 ...................... 5.800 3.742 5.901 5.253 5.599 5.820 5.800 5.253 5.860 5.858
1988 ...................... 5.800 3.751 5.900 5.253 5.618 5.820 5.800 5.253 5.842 5.840
1989 ...................... 5.800 3.764 5.906 5.253 5.641 5.833 5.800 5.253 5.869 5.857
1990 ...................... 5.800 3.758 5.934 5.253 5.614 5.849 5.800 5.253 5.838 5.833
1991 ...................... 5.800 3.740 5.948 5.253 5.636 5.873 5.800 5.253 5.827 5.823
1992 ...................... 5.800 3.739 5.953 5.253 5.623 5.877 5.800 5.253 5.774 5.777
1993 ...................... 5.800 3.735 5.954 5.253 5.539 5.866 5.800 5.253 5.681 5.693
1994 ...................... 5.800 3.728 5.950 5.253 5.416 5.835 5.800 5.253 5.693 5.704
1995 ...................... 5.800 3.728 5.938 5.253 5.345 5.830 5.800 5.253 5.692 5.703
1996 ...................... 5.800 3.703 5.947 5.253 5.373 5.828 5.800 5.253 5.663 5.678
1997 ...................... 5.800 3.686 5.954 5.253 5.333 5.836 5.800 5.253 5.663 5.678
1998 ...................... 5.800 3.694 5.953 5.253 5.314 5.833 5.800 5.253 5.505 5.539
1999 ...................... 5.800 3.663 5.942 5.253 5.291 5.815 5.800 5.253 5.530 5.564
2000 ...................... 5.800 3.648 5.959 5.253 5.309 5.823 5.800 5.253 5.529 5.542
2001 ...................... 5.800 3.652 5.976 5.253 5.330 5.838 5.800 5.253 5.637 5.641
2002 ...................... 5.800 3.646 5.971 5.253 5.362 5.845 5.800 5.253 5.517 5.519
2003 ...................... 5.800 3.659 5.970 5.253 5.381 5.845 5.800 5.253 5.628 5.630
2004 ...................... 5.800 3.636 5.981 5.253 5.429 5.853 5.800 5.253 5.532 5.539
2005 ...................... 5.800 3.638 5.977 5.253 5.436 5.835 5.800 5.253 5.504 5.513
2006 ...................... 5.800 3.622 5.980 5.253 5.431 5.836 5.800 e 5.219 5.415 5.423
2007 ...................... 5.800 3.609 5.985 5.222 5.483 5.857 5.800 5.188 5.465 5.471
2008 ...................... 5.800 3.614 5.990 5.222 5.459 5.861 5.800 5.215 5.587 5.591
2009 ...................... 5.800 3.598 5.988 5.222 5.509 5.878 5.800 5.221 5.674 5.677
2010 ...................... 5.800 3.573 5.989 5.222 5.545 5.892 5.800 5.214 5.601 5.604
2011 ...................... 5.800 3.573 6.008 5.222 5.538 5.905 5.800 5.216 5.526 5.530
2012 ...................... 5.800 3.588 6.165 5.222 5.501 6.035 5.800 5.217 5.520 5.526
2013 ...................... 5.800 3.629 6.010 5.222 5.497 5.899 5.800 5.216 5.470 5.482
2014 ...................... 5.800 3.640 6.035 5.222 5.518 5.929 5.800 5.218 5.369 5.406
2015 ...................... 5.717 3.669 6.065 5.222 5.504 5.941 5.682 5.218 5.279 5.319
2016 ...................... 5.722 3.632 6.053 5.222 5.491 5.929 5.724 5.218 5.184 5.245
2017 ...................... 5.723 3.612 6.050 5.222 5.489 5.930 5.738 e 5.222 5.151 5.258
2018 ...................... 5.706 3.591 6.063 5.222 d 5.491 d 5.938 5.721 5.222 d 5.088 d 5.259

2019 ...................... 5.698 3.607 6.061 5.222 5.464 5.908 5.708 5.222 5.022 5.263
2020 ...................... 5.691 3.593 6.066 5.222 5.513 5.927 5.709 5.222 4.924 5.220
2021 ...................... E 5.691 E 3.593 E 6.066 E 5.222 E 5.513 E 5.927 E 5.709 E 5.222 E 4.924 E 5.220

a Includes lease condensate.

b Natural gas processing plant production of natural gas liquids (ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and natural gasoline). Through 1980, also includes natural
gas processing plant production of finished petroleum products (aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, special naphthas, and miscellaneous
products).
c Excludes fuel ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), and other oxygenates blended into motor gasoline.
d Through 2017, the imports and exports factors are developed using old hydrocarbon gas liquids heat content values shown in Table A1 of the September 2019 Monthly
Energy Review (MER). Beginning in 2018, the factors are developed using heat content values shown in Table A1 of the current MER.
e For 2006–2016, includes MTBE blended into motor gasoline; excludes MTBE in other years. For all years, excludes fuel ethanol and other non-MTBE oxygenates
blended into motor gasoline.
E=Estimate.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  215 
Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol
(Million Btu per Barrel)
Total Petroleuma Consumption by Sector Hydrocarbon Motor Fuel
Distillate Gas Gasoline Petroleum Ethanol
Trans- Fuel Oil Liquids (Finished) Coke Feed-
Resi- Com- Indus- porta- Electric Consump- Consump- Consump- Consump- Fuel stock
dential mercialb trialb tionb,c Powerd,e Totalb,c tionf tiong tionh tioni Ethanolj Factork

1950 ............ 5.473 5.817 5.927 5.461 6.254 5.642 5.825 3.810 5.253 6.024 NA NA
1955 ............ 5.470 5.781 5.847 5.407 6.254 5.581 5.825 3.810 5.253 6.024 NA NA
1960 ............ 5.418 5.781 5.772 5.387 6.267 5.542 5.825 3.810 5.253 6.024 NA NA
1965 ............ 5.365 5.761 5.695 5.386 6.267 5.517 5.825 g 3.810 5.253 6.024 NA NA
1970 ............ 5.262 5.709 5.579 5.393 6.252 5.499 5.825 3.731 5.253 6.024 NA NA
1975 ............ 5.255 5.649 5.490 5.392 6.250 5.489 5.825 3.671 5.253 6.024 NA NA
1980 ............ 5.322 5.752 5.340 5.441 6.254 5.472 5.825 3.669 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.586
1981 ............ 5.284 5.693 5.268 5.433 6.258 5.440 5.825 3.632 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.562
1982 ............ 5.267 5.699 5.211 5.423 6.258 5.406 5.825 3.588 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.539
1983 ............ 5.141 5.592 5.214 5.416 6.255 5.396 5.825 3.535 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.515
1984 ............ 5.308 5.658 5.167 5.418 6.251 5.385 5.825 3.580 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.492
1985 ............ 5.264 5.598 5.159 5.423 6.247 5.377 5.825 3.584 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.469
1986 ............ 5.269 5.632 5.237 5.426 6.257 5.410 5.825 3.631 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.446
1987 ............ 5.241 5.594 5.203 5.429 6.249 5.395 5.825 3.663 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.423
1988 ............ 5.259 5.598 5.196 5.433 6.250 5.402 5.825 3.643 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.400
1989 ............ 5.195 5.549 5.190 5.438 d 6.240 5.403 5.825 3.679 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.377
1990 ............ 5.146 5.554 5.219 5.442 6.244 5.403 5.825 3.630 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.355
1991 ............ 5.096 5.529 5.130 5.441 6.246 5.375 5.825 3.626 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.332
1992 ............ 5.126 5.514 5.133 5.443 6.238 5.369 5.825 3.643 5.253 6.024 3.564 6.309
1993 ............ 5.103 b 5.505 b 5.140 b 5.413 6.230 b 5.354 5.825 3.628 h 5.217 6.024 3.564 6.287
1994 ............ 5.097 5.513 5.115 5.413 6.213 5.344 f 5.820 3.657 5.214 6.024 3.564 6.264
1995 ............ 5.062 5.476 5.084 5.409 6.187 5.326 5.820 3.641 5.204 6.024 3.564 6.242
1996 ............ 4.997 5.431 5.076 5.416 6.194 5.323 5.820 3.629 5.211 6.024 3.564 6.220
1997 ............ 4.988 5.389 5.083 5.410 6.198 5.322 5.820 3.627 5.205 6.024 3.564 6.198
1998 ............ 4.974 5.363 5.101 5.406 6.210 5.335 5.819 3.619 5.203 6.024 3.564 6.176
1999 ............ 4.902 5.289 5.052 5.406 6.204 5.313 5.819 3.628 5.202 6.024 3.564 6.167
2000 ............ 4.908 5.313 5.015 5.415 6.188 5.311 5.819 3.610 5.201 6.024 3.564 6.159
2001 ............ 4.936 5.323 5.104 5.405 6.199 5.331 5.819 3.604 5.201 6.024 3.564 6.151
2002 ............ 4.885 5.291 5.053 5.404 6.172 5.309 5.819 3.588 5.199 6.024 3.564 6.143
2003 ............ 4.920 5.313 5.108 5.400 6.182 5.326 5.819 3.610 5.197 6.024 3.564 6.106
2004 ............ 4.952 5.324 5.106 5.407 6.134 5.330 5.818 3.591 5.196 i 5.982 3.564 6.069
2005 ............ 4.915 5.360 5.143 5.408 6.126 5.342 5.818 3.589 5.192 5.982 3.564 6.032
2006 ............ 4.886 5.296 5.120 5.405 6.038 5.323 5.803 3.551 5.185 5.987 3.564 5.995
2007 ............ 4.833 5.270 5.079 5.376 6.064 5.293 5.784 3.544 5.142 5.996 3.564 5.959
2008 ............ 4.772 5.156 5.103 5.342 6.013 5.268 5.780 3.549 5.106 5.992 3.564 5.922
2009 ............ 4.664 5.217 4.959 c 5.320 5.987 c 5.218 5.781 3.487 5.090 6.017 3.564 5.901
2010 ............ 4.664 5.195 4.921 5.316 5.956 5.204 5.778 3.489 5.067 6.059 3.562 5.880
2011 ............ 4.657 5.176 4.887 5.315 5.900 5.193 5.776 3.423 5.063 6.077 3.561 5.859
2012 ............ 4.714 5.126 4.844 5.306 5.925 5.176 5.774 3.440 5.062 6.084 3.560 5.838
2013 ............ 4.648 5.053 4.801 5.302 5.892 5.157 5.774 3.468 5.060 6.089 3.560 5.817
2014 ............ 4.664 5.016 4.804 5.300 5.906 5.161 5.773 3.439 5.059 6.100 3.559 5.797
2015 ............ 4.721 5.050 4.767 5.302 5.915 5.154 5.773 3.461 5.057 6.085 3.558 5.776
2016 ............ 4.631 5.022 4.798 5.303 5.885 5.161 5.773 3.424 5.055 6.104 3.558 5.755
2017 ............ 4.623 5.006 4.768 5.305 5.893 5.153 5.772 3.400 5.053 6.132 3.556 5.735
2018 ............ 4.620 4.971 4.664 5.310 5.896 5.122 5.772 3.381 5.054 6.122 3.553 5.715
2019 ............ 4.540 4.962 4.645 5.307 5.900 5.111 5.771 3.401 5.052 6.132 3.555 5.694
2020 ............ E 4.529 E 4.951 E 4.538 E 5.298 5.889 5.054 5.770 3.349 5.052 6.130 3.557 5.674
2021 ............ E 4.529 E 4.951 E 4.538 E 5.298 E 5.889 E 5.054 E 5.770 E 3.349 E 5.052 E 6.130 E 3.557 5.654

a Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in
each category are calculated by using heat content values for individual products shown in Tables A1 and A3.
b Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
c Beginning in 2009, includes biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel blended into distillate fuel oil.
d Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.
f There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor.
Quantity-weighted averages of the sulfur-content categories of distillate fuel oil are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1. Excludes biodiesel and
renewable diesel fuel blended into distillate fuel oil.
g Quantity-weighted averages of the major components of hydrocarbon gas liquids are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1. The factor for 1967 is
used as the estimated factor for 1949–1966.
h Through 1992, excludes oxygenates. Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline; and for 1993–2006, also includes methyl tertiary butyl
ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates blended into motor gasoline.
i There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2003 and 2004; beginning in 2004, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor.
Quantity-weighted averages of the two categories of petroleum coke are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
j Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539
million Btu per barrel) and products used as denaturant (natural gasoline, finished motor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components—see Tables A1 and A3 for
factors). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 1980–2008.
k Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the
production of undenatured ethanol. Observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, 2.78 in 2008, and
2.82 in 2012; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heat content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to have a
gross heat content of 3.539 million Btu per barrel.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Note: The heat content values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.

216  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas
(Btu per Cubic Foot)
Production Consumptiona

End-Use Electric Power

Marketed Dry Sectorsb Sectorc Total Imports Exports

1950 ............................ 1,119 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 –– 1,035

1955 ............................ 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035
1960 ............................ 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035
1965 ............................ 1,101 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032
1970 ............................ 1,102 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031
1975 ............................ 1,095 1,021 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1,014
1980 ............................ 1,098 1,026 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1,013
1981 ............................ 1,103 1,027 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1,011
1982 ............................ 1,107 1,028 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1,011
1983 ............................ 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1,010
1984 ............................ 1,109 1,031 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1,010
1985 ............................ 1,112 1,032 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1,011
1986 ............................ 1,110 1,030 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1,008
1987 ............................ 1,112 1,031 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1,011
1988 ............................ 1,109 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1,018
1989 ............................ 1,107 1,031 1,032 c 1,028 1,031 1,004 1,019
1990 ............................ 1,105 1,029 1,029 1,027 1,029 1,012 1,018
1991 ............................ 1,108 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,014 1,022
1992 ............................ 1,110 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,011 1,018
1993 ............................ 1,106 1,027 1,027 1,025 1,027 1,020 1,016
1994 ............................ 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,022 1,011
1995 ............................ 1,106 1,026 1,027 1,021 1,026 1,021 1,011
1996 ............................ 1,109 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,022 1,011
1997 ............................ 1,107 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,023 1,011
1998 ............................ 1,109 1,031 1,033 1,024 1,031 1,023 1,011
1999 ............................ 1,107 1,027 1,028 1,022 1,027 1,022 1,006
2000 ............................ 1,107 1,025 1,026 1,021 1,025 1,023 1,006
2001 ............................ 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,026 1,028 1,023 1,010
2002 ............................ 1,103 1,024 1,025 1,020 1,024 1,022 1,008
2003 ............................ 1,103 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,025 1,009
2004 ............................ 1,104 1,026 1,026 1,027 1,026 1,025 1,009
2005 ............................ 1,104 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 1,009
2006 ............................ 1,103 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 1,009
2007 ............................ 1,102 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,025 1,009
2008 ............................ 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,025 1,009
2009 ............................ 1,101 1,025 1,025 1,025 1,025 1,025 1,009
2010 ............................ 1,098 1,023 1,023 1,022 1,023 1,025 1,009
2011 ............................ 1,142 1,022 1,022 1,021 1,022 1,025 1,009
2012 ............................ 1,091 1,024 1,025 1,022 1,024 1,025 1,009
2013 ............................ 1,101 1,027 1,028 1,025 1,027 1,025 1,009
2014 ............................ 1,116 1,032 1,033 1,029 1,032 1,025 1,009
2015 ............................ 1,124 1,037 1,038 1,035 1,037 1,025 1,009
2016 ............................ 1,128 1,037 1,039 1,034 1,037 1,025 1,009
2017 ............................ 1,129 1,036 1,037 1,034 1,036 1,025 1,009
2018 ............................ 1,134 1,036 1,038 1,033 1,036 1,025 1,009
2019 ............................ 1,140 1,038 1,040 1,034 1,038 1,025 1,009
2020 ............................ 1,146 1,037 1,039 P 1,033 1,037 1,025 1,009
2021 ............................ E 1,146 E 1,037 E 1,039 E 1,033 E 1,037 E 1,025 E 1,009

a Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
b Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. – – =Not applicable.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  217 
Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke
(Million Btu per Short Ton)

Coal Coal Coke

Consumption

Residential Industrial Sector

Waste and Electric Imports
Coal Commercial Power and
Productiona Suppliedb Sectorsc Coke Plants Otherd Sectore,f Total Imports Exports Exports

1950 ........................ 25.090 NA 24.461 26.798 24.820 23.937 24.989 25.020 26.788 24.800
1955 ........................ 25.201 NA 24.373 26.794 24.821 24.056 24.982 25.000 26.907 24.800
1960 ........................ 24.906 NA 24.226 26.791 24.609 23.927 24.713 25.003 26.939 24.800
1965 ........................ 24.775 NA 24.028 26.787 24.385 23.780 24.537 25.000 26.973 24.800
1970 ........................ 23.842 NA 23.203 26.784 22.983 22.573 23.440 25.000 26.982 24.800
1975 ........................ 22.897 NA 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 26.562 24.800
1980 ........................ 22.415 NA 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 26.384 24.800
1981 ........................ 22.308 NA 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 26.160 24.800
1982 ........................ 22.239 NA 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 26.223 24.800
1983 ........................ 22.052 NA 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 26.291 24.800
1984 ........................ 22.010 NA 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 26.402 24.800
1985 ........................ 21.870 NA 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 26.307 24.800
1986 ........................ 21.913 NA 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 26.292 24.800
1987 ........................ 21.922 NA 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 26.291 24.800
1988 ........................ 21.823 NA 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 26.299 24.800
b e
1989 ........................ 21.765 10.391 23.650 26.800 22.347 20.898 21.307 25.000 26.160 24.800
1990 ........................ 21.822 9.303 23.137 26.799 22.457 20.779 21.197 25.000 26.202 24.800
1991 ........................ 21.681 10.758 23.114 26.799 22.460 20.730 21.120 25.000 26.188 24.800
1992 ........................ 21.682 10.396 23.105 26.799 22.250 20.709 21.068 25.000 26.161 24.800
1993 ........................ 21.418 10.638 22.994 26.800 22.123 20.677 21.010 25.000 26.335 24.800
1994 ........................ 21.394 11.097 23.112 26.800 22.068 20.589 20.929 25.000 26.329 24.800
1995 ........................ 21.326 11.722 23.118 26.800 21.950 20.543 20.880 25.000 26.180 24.800
1996 ........................ 21.322 12.147 23.011 26.800 22.105 20.547 20.870 25.000 26.174 24.800
1997 ........................ 21.296 12.158 22.494 26.800 22.172 20.518 20.830 25.000 26.251 24.800
1998 ........................ 21.418 12.639 21.620 27.426 23.164 20.516 20.881 25.000 26.800 24.800
1999 ........................ 21.070 12.552 23.880 27.426 22.489 20.490 20.818 25.000 26.081 24.800
2000 ........................ 21.072 12.360 25.020 27.426 22.433 20.511 20.828 25.000 26.117 24.800
a
2001 ........................ 20.772 12.169 24.909 27.426 22.622 20.337 20.671 25.000 25.998 24.800
2002 ........................ 20.673 12.165 22.962 27.426 22.562 20.238 20.541 25.000 26.062 24.800
2003 ........................ 20.499 12.360 22.242 27.425 22.468 20.082 20.387 25.000 25.972 24.800
2004 ........................ 20.424 12.266 22.324 27.426 22.473 19.980 20.290 25.000 26.108 24.800
2005 ........................ 20.348 12.093 22.342 26.279 22.178 19.988 20.246 25.000 25.494 24.800
2006 ........................ 20.310 12.080 22.066 26.271 22.050 19.931 20.181 25.000 25.453 24.800
2007 ........................ 20.340 12.090 22.069 26.329 22.371 19.909 20.168 25.000 25.466 24.800
c
2008 ........................ 20.208 12.121 23.035 26.281 22.304 19.713 19.979 25.000 25.399 24.800
2009 ........................ 19.963 12.076 22.852 26.334 21.823 19.521 19.741 25.000 25.633 24.800
2010 ........................ 20.173 11.960 22.611 26.295 21.846 19.623 19.870 25.000 25.713 24.800
2011 ........................ 20.142 11.604 22.099 26.299 21.568 19.341 19.600 25.000 25.645 24.800
2012 ........................ 20.215 11.539 21.300 28.636 21.449 19.211 19.544 23.128 24.551 24.800
2013 ........................ 20.182 11.103 21.233 28.705 21.600 19.174 19.513 22.379 24.605 24.800
2014 ........................ 20.146 11.474 21.307 28.458 21.525 19.290 19.611 22.187 25.032 24.800
2015 ........................ 19.880 11.527 20.699 28.526 21.258 19.146 19.482 22.633 25.048 24.800
2016 ........................ 19.977 11.496 20.078 28.608 21.055 19.153 19.459 22.327 25.655 24.800
2017 ........................ 20.025 11.438 19.467 28.673 20.802 18.981 19.303 21.489 24.628 24.800
2018 ........................ 20.160 11.419 19.269 28.608 20.739 18.915 19.258 20.415 24.294 24.800
2019 ........................ 20.053 11.513 19.084 28.629 20.721 18.903 19.292 20.558 24.584 24.800
P P P P P P P P P P
2020 ........................ 19.858 10.301 18.297 28.717 20.414 18.856 19.236 20.347 24.986 24.800
E E E E E E E E E E
2021 ........................ 19.858 10.301 18.297 28.717 20.414 18.856 19.236 20.347 24.986 24.800

a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine, and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible
materials).
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and
industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in "Consumption."
c Through 2007, used as the thermal conversion factor for coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors. Beginning in 2008, used as the thermal
conversion factor for coal consumption by the commercial sector only.
d Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants.
e Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
f Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.

218  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021 
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity
(Btu per Kilowatthour)
Approximate Heat Ratesa for Electricity Net Generation

Fossil Fuelsb
Noncombustible
Natural Total Renewable Heat Contentj of
Coalc Petroleumd Gase Fossil Fuelsf,g Nuclearh Energyg,i Electricityk

1950 .............................. NA NA NA 14,030 –– 14,030 3,412

1955 .............................. NA NA NA 11,699 –– 11,699 3,412
1960 .............................. NA NA NA 10,760 11,629 10,760 3,412
1965 .............................. NA NA NA 10,453 11,804 10,453 3,412
1970 .............................. NA NA NA 10,494 10,977 10,494 3,412
1975 .............................. NA NA NA 10,406 11,013 10,406 3,412
1980 .............................. NA NA NA 10,388 10,908 10,388 3,412
1981 .............................. NA NA NA 10,453 11,030 10,453 3,412
1982 .............................. NA NA NA 10,454 11,073 10,454 3,412
1983 .............................. NA NA NA 10,520 10,905 10,520 3,412
1984 .............................. NA NA NA 10,440 10,843 10,440 3,412
1985 .............................. NA NA NA 10,447 10,622 10,447 3,412
1986 .............................. NA NA NA 10,446 10,579 10,446 3,412
1987 .............................. NA NA NA 10,419 10,442 10,419 3,412
1988 .............................. NA NA NA 10,324 10,602 10,324 3,412
1989 .............................. NA NA NA 10,432 10,583 10,432 3,412
1990 .............................. NA NA NA 10,402 10,582 10,402 3,412
1991 .............................. NA NA NA 10,436 10,484 10,436 3,412
1992 .............................. NA NA NA 10,342 10,471 10,342 3,412
1993 .............................. NA NA NA 10,309 10,504 10,309 3,412
1994 .............................. NA NA NA 10,316 10,452 10,316 3,412
1995 .............................. NA NA NA 10,312 10,507 10,312 3,412
1996 .............................. NA NA NA 10,340 10,503 10,340 3,412
1997 .............................. NA NA NA 10,213 10,494 10,213 3,412
1998 .............................. NA NA NA 10,197 10,491 10,197 3,412
1999 .............................. NA NA NA 10,226 10,450 10,226 3,412
2000 .............................. NA NA NA 10,201 10,429 10,201 3,412
2001 .............................. 10,378 10,742 10,051 b 10,333 10,443 10,333 3,412
2002 .............................. 10,314 10,641 9,533 10,173 10,442 10,173 3,412
2003 .............................. 10,297 10,610 9,207 10,125 10,422 10,125 3,412
2004 .............................. 10,331 10,571 8,647 10,016 10,428 10,016 3,412
2005 .............................. 10,373 10,631 8,551 9,999 10,436 9,999 3,412
2006 .............................. 10,351 10,809 8,471 9,919 10,435 9,919 3,412
2007 .............................. 10,375 10,794 8,403 9,884 10,489 9,884 3,412
2008 .............................. 10,378 11,015 8,305 9,854 10,452 9,854 3,412
2009 .............................. 10,414 10,923 8,160 9,760 10,459 9,760 3,412
2010 .............................. 10,415 10,984 8,185 9,756 10,452 9,756 3,412
2011 .............................. 10,444 10,829 8,152 9,716 10,464 9,716 3,412
2012 .............................. 10,498 10,991 8,039 9,516 10,479 9,516 3,412
2013 .............................. 10,459 10,713 7,948 9,541 10,449 9,541 3,412
2014 .............................. 10,428 10,814 7,907 9,510 10,459 9,510 3,412
2015 .............................. 10,495 10,687 7,878 9,319 10,458 9,319 3,412
2016 .............................. 10,493 10,811 7,870 9,232 10,459 9,232 3,412
2017 .............................. 10,465 10,834 7,812 9,213 10,459 9,213 3,412
2018 .............................. 10,481 11,095 7,821 9,104 10,455 9,104 3,412
2019 .............................. 10,551 11,205 7,732 8,905 10,442 8,905 3,412
2020 .............................. E 10,551 E 11,205 E 7,732 E 8,905 E 10,442 E 8,905 3,412
2021 .............................. E 10,551 E 11,205 E 7,732 E 8,905 E 10,442 E 8,905 3,412

a The values in columns 1–6 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary.
b Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in 2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and
electricity-only independent power producers.
c Includes anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and, beginning in 2002, waste coal and coal synfuel.
d Includes distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke, and waste oil.
e Includes natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Includes coal, petroleum, natural gas, and, beginning in 2001, other gases (blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil
fuels).
g The fossil-fuels heat rate is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity net generation from noncombustible renewable energy (hydro, geothermal, solar
thermal, photovoltaic, and wind) to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through 2000, also used as the thermal conversion factor for wood
and waste electricity net generation at electric utilities; beginning in 2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.
h Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generation.
i Technology-based geothermal heat rates are no longer used in Btu calculations in this report. For technology-based geothermal heat rates for 1960–2010, see the
Annual Energy Review 2010, Table A6.
j See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
k The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows this table.
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  219 
 
Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Natural Gas Liquids 
Asphalt.  The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.636 million 
British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum 
Statement, Annual, 1956. 
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components.  Assumed by EIA to be 5.048 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal 
conversion factor for Aviation Gasoline (Finished). 
Aviation Gasoline (Finished).  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu per barrel as adopted by 
the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation publication Competition and Growth in American 
Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics. 
Butylene.  EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor to be 4.377 million Btu per barrel, based on data for enthalpy of 
combustion from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard 
Reference Database Number 69, 2018; and data for density of liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and equilibrium pressure 
from the American Petroleum Institute. 
Crude Oil Exports.  • 1949–2014:  Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion 
factor for crude oil produced in the United States.  See Crude Oil Production.  • 2015 forward:  Calculated annually by 
EIA based on conversion of American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity ranges of crude oil exports as reported in trade 
data from the U.S. Census Bureau.  Specific gravity (SG) = 141.5 / (131.5 + API gravity).  The higher heating value (HHV) in 
million Btu per barrel = SG * (7.801796 ‐ 1.3213 * SG2). 
Crude Oil Imports.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of crude oil 
imported weighted by the quantities imported.  Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a foreign 
country basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each 
foreign country from Form ERA‐60 in 1977 and converting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National 
Bureau of Standards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of Petroleum Products, 1933. 
Crude Oil Production.  • 1949–2014:  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 million Btu per barrel as 
reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various 
Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”  • 2015 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA based on conversion of American 
Petroleum Institute (API) gravity ranges of crude oil production as reported on Form EIA‐914, “Monthly Crude Oil, Lease 
Condensate, and Natural Gas Production Report.”  Specific gravity (SG) = 141.5 / (131.5 + API gravity).  The higher 
heating value (HHV) in million Btu per barrel = SG * (7.801796 ‐ 1.3213 * SG2).  
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumption.  • 1949–1993:  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.825 
million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average 
Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”  • 1994 forward:  Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity‐
weighted average of the conversion factors for Distillate Fuel Oil, 15 ppm Sulfur and Under (5.770 million Btu per 
barrel), Distillate Fuel Oil, Greater Than 15 ppm to 500 ppm Sulfur (5.817 million Btu per barrel), and Distillate Fuel Oil, 
Greater Than 500 ppm Sulfur (5.825 million Btu per barrel). 
Distillate Fuel Oil, 15 ppm Sulfur and Under.  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.770 million Btu per barrel 
(137,380 Btu per gallon) for U.S. conventional diesel from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, 
“The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model” (GREET), version GREET1_2021, 
October 2021.  
Distillate Fuel Oil, Greater Than 15 ppm to 500 ppm Sulfur.  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.817 million 
Btu per barrel (138,490 Btu per gallon) for low‐sulfur diesel from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne Laboratory, “The 
Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model” (GREET), version GREET1_2021, 
October 2021.  
Distillate Fuel Oil, Greater Than 500 ppm Sulfur.  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.825 
million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average 
Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”    

220  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 
Ethane.  EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor to be 2.783 million Btu per barrel, based on data for enthalpy of 
combustion from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard 
Reference Database Number 69, 2018; and data for density of liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and equilibrium pressure 
from the American Petroleum Institute. 
Ethylene.  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 2.436 million Btu per barrel (0.058 million Btu per gallon) as 
published in the Federal Register EPA; 40 CFR part 98; e‐CRF; Table C1; April 5, 2019.  The ethylene higher heating value 
is determined at 41 degrees Fahrenheit at saturation pressure.  
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids.  • 1949–1966:  EIA used the 1967 factor.  • 1967 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA as the 
average of the thermal conversion factors for all hydrocarbon gas liquids consumed (see Table A1) weighted by the 
quantities consumed.  The component products of hydrocarbon gas liquids are ethane, propane, normal butane, 
isobutane, natural gasoline (pentanes plus), and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene).  For 
1967–1980, quantities consumed are from EIA, Energy Data Reports, “Petroleum Statement, Annual.”  For 1981 forward, 
quantities consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual.  
Hydrogen.  EIA estimated a thermal conversion factor of 323.6 Btu per standard cubic foot (at 60 degrees Fahrenheit 
and 1 atmosphere), based on data published by the National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering, in 
Appendix H of The Hydrogen Economy:  Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs, 2004.  EIA also assumed a 
thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btu per residual fuel oil equivalent barrel or equal to the thermal conversion 
factor for Residual Fuel Oil. 
Isobutane.  EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor to be 4.183 million Btu per barrel, based on data for enthalpy of 
combustion from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard 
Reference Database Number 69, 2018; and data for density of liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and equilibrium pressure 
from the American Petroleum Institute. 
Isobutylene.  EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor to be 4.355 million Btu per barrel, based on data for enthalpy 
of combustion from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard 
Reference Database Number 69, 2018; and data for density of liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and equilibrium pressure 
from the American Petroleum Institute. 
Jet Fuel, Kerosene‐Type.  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per barrel for 
“Jet Fuel, Commercial” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and 
Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.  
Jet Fuel, Naphtha‐Type.  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for 
“Jet Fuel, Military” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in 
American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.  
Kerosene.  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per barrel as reported in a 
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted 
January 3, 1950.”  
Lubricants.  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of 
Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.  
Miscellaneous Products.  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the 
Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.  
Motor Gasoline Blending Components.    •    1949–2006:  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 
5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in 
Appendix V of Competition and Growth in American Markets 1947‐1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected 
statistics.  • 2007 forward:  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.222 million Btu per barrel (124,340 Btu per 
gallon) for gasoline blendstock from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, “The Greenhouse Gases, 
Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model” (GREET), version GREET1_2021, October 2021.  
Motor Gasoline Exports.  • 1949–2005:  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu 
per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V of 
Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985,  a 1968 release of  historical and projected statistics.  
• 2006 forward:  Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity‐weighted average of the conversion factors for gasoline 
blendstock and the methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) blended into motor gasoline exports.  The factor for gasoline 
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  221 
 
blendstock is 5.253 million Btu per barrel in 2006 and 5.222 million Btu per barrel beginning in 2007 (see Motor 
Gasoline Blending Components).  For MTBE, EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.247 million Btu per barrel 
(101,130 Btu per gallon) from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, “The Greenhouse Gases, 
Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model” (GREET), version GREET1_2021, October 2021.  
Motor Gasoline (Finished) Consumption.   •  1949–1992:  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 
5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in 
Appendix V of Competition and Growth in American Markets 1947‐1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected 
statistics.  • 1993–2006:  Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity‐weighted average of the conversion factors for 
gasoline blendstock and the oxygenates blended into motor gasoline.  The factor for gasoline blendstock is 5.253 million 
Btu per barrel (the motor gasoline factor used for previous years).  The factors for fuel ethanol are shown in Table A3 
(see Fuel Ethanol, Denatured).  The following factors for other oxygenates are from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne 
National Laboratory, “The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model” (GREET), 
version GREET1_2021, October 2021—methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE): 4.247 million Btu per barrel (101,130 Btu per 
gallon); tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME): 4.560 million Btu per barrel (108,570 Btu per gallon); ethyl tertiary butyl 
ether (ETBE): 4.390 million Btu per barrel (104,530 Btu per gallon); methanol: 2.738 million Btu per barrel (65,200 Btu 
per gallon); and butanol: 4.555 million Btu per barrel (108,458 Btu per gallon).  • 2007 forward:  Calculated by EIA as the 
annual quantity‐weighted average of the conversion factors for gasoline blendstock and fuel ethanol blended into motor 
gasoline.  The factor for gasoline blendstock is 5.222 million Btu per barrel (124,340 Btu per gallon), which is from the 
GREET model (see above).  The factors for fuel ethanol are shown in Table A3 (see Fuel Ethanol, Denatured).     
Motor Gasoline Imports.  • 1949–2006:  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.253 million 
Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V of 
Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985,  a 1968 release of  historical and projected statistics.  
•  2007 forward:  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.222 million Btu per barrel (124,340 Btu per gallon) for 
gasoline blendstock from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, “The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated 
Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model” (GREET), version GREET1_2021, October 2021.  
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for 
each natural gas plant liquid produced weighted by the quantities produced.  
Natural Gasoline.  EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor to be 4.638 million Btu per barrel, based on data for 
enthalpy of combustion from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST 
Standard Reference Database Number 69, 2018; and data for density of liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and equilibrium 
pressure from the American Petroleum Institute.  EIA assumes a natural gasoline ratio of 29% isopentane, 29% 
neopentane, 20% normal pentane, 13% normal hexane, 4% cyclohexane, 3% benzene, and 2% toluene in these 
calculations. 
Normal Butane.  EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor to be 4.353 million Btu per barrel, based on data for 
enthalpy of combustion from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST 
Standard Reference Database Number 69, 2018; and data for density of liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and equilibrium 
pressure from the American Petroleum Institute. 
Other Hydrocarbons.  Assumed by EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for 
Unfinished Oils.  
Oxygenates (Excluding Fuel Ethanol).  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.247 million Btu per barrel 
(101,130 Btu per gallon) for methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National 
Laboratory, “The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model” (GREET), version 
GREET1_2021, October 2021.  
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha Less Than 401 Degrees Fahrenheit.  Assumed by EIA to be 5.248 million Btu per 
barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for Special Naphthas.  
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils Equal to or Greater Than 401 Degrees Fahrenheit.  Assumed by EIA to be 5.825 
million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for Distillate Fuel Oil.  
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas.  Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for Still Gas.  
Petroleum Coke, Catalyst.  Assumed by EIA to be 6.287 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor 
for Residual Fuel Oil.  
222  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 
Petroleum Coke, Marketable.  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.719 million Btu per barrel, calculated by 
dividing 28,595,925 Btu per short ton for petroleum coke (from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National 
Laboratory, “The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model” (GREET), version 
GREET1_2021, October 2021) by 5.0 barrels per short ton (as given in the Bureau of Mines Form 6‐1300‐M and 
successor EIA forms).  
Petroleum Coke, Total.  • 1949–2003:  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.024 million Btu per barrel as 
reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average 
Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”  The Bureau of Mines calculated this factor by dividing 
30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the referenced Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per 
short ton, as given in the Bureau of Mines Form 6‐1300‐M and successor EIA forms.  • 2004 forward:  Calculated by EIA as 
the annual quantity‐weighted average of the conversion factors for Petroleum Coke, Catalyst (6.287 million Btu per 
barrel) and Petroleum Coke, Marketable (5.719 million Btu per barrel).  
Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector.   Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion 
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the commercial sector weighted by the estimated quantities 
consumed by the commercial sector.  The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the commercial sector are 
estimated in the State Energy Data System—see documentation at 
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.  
Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion 
factors for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil consumed by the electric power sector weighted by 
the quantities consumed by the electric power sector.  Data are from Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” 
and predecessor forms.  
Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors 
for all petroleum products consumed by the industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the 
industrial sector.  The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the industrial sector are estimated in the State 
Energy Data System—see documentation at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.  
Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion 
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the residential sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed 
by the residential sector.  The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the residential sector are estimated in the 
State Energy Data System—see documentation at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.  
Petroleum Consumption, Total.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all 
petroleum products consumed weighted by the quantities consumed.  
Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion 
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities 
consumed by the transportation sector.  The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the transportation sector 
are estimated in the State Energy Data System—see documentation at 
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.  
Petroleum Products Exports.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each 
petroleum product exported weighted by the quantities exported.  
Petroleum Products Imports.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each 
petroleum product imported weighted by the quantities imported.  
Plant Condensate.  • 1973–1983:  Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from data provided by 
McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.  
Propane.  EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor to be 3.841 million Btu per barrel, based on data for enthalpy of 
combustion from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard 
Reference Database Number 69, 2018; and data for density of liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and equilibrium pressure 
from the American Petroleum Institute. 
Propylene.  EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor to be 3.835 million Btu per barrel, based on data for enthalpy 
of combustion from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard 
Reference Database Number 69, 2018; and data for density of liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and equilibrium pressure 
from the American Petroleum Institute. 
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  223 
 
Residual Fuel Oil.  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btu per barrel as reported in the Bureau of 
Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 
1950.”  
Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636 million Btu per barrel, which was 
assumed to be equal to that of Asphalt and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, 
Annual, 1970.  
Special Naphthas.  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.248 million Btu per barrel, which 
was assumed to be equal to that of the total gasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the 
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.  
Still Gas.  • 1949–2015:  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of 6.000 million Btu per 
barrel, first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.  • 2016 forward:  Assumed by EIA to be 6.287 million 
Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for Residual Fuel Oil.  
Total Petroleum Exports.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and 
each petroleum product exported weighted by the quantities exported.  See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products 
Exports.  
Total Petroleum Imports.  Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of 
crude oil and petroleum product imported weighted by the quantities imported.  See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum 
Products Imports.  
Unfinished Oils.  EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel, the average of all natural 
gas or equal to that for Distillate Fuel Oil and first published it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.  
Unfractionated Stream.  • 1979–1982:  EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 3.800 million Btu per barrel, 
the average of all natural gas plant liquids calculated on their contribution to total barrels produced. 
Waxes.  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.537 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of 
Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956. 

Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels  
Biodiesel.  EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for biodiesel to be 5.359 million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu per 
pound.  
Biodiesel Feedstock.  EIA used soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel 
biodiesel) as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.  EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds of 
soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed to produce 
one barrel of biodiesel.  EIA also assumed that soybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 
million Btu per barrel.  
Ethanol (Undenatured).  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel published in 
“Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels,” a paper presented by William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at the 
National Conference on Reformulated Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington, DC, October 1991.  
Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).  • 1981–2008:  EIA used the 2009 factor.  • 2009 forward:  Calculated by EIA as the annual 
quantity‐weighted average of the thermal conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu per barrel), 
natural gasoline used as denaturant (4.638 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline and motor 
gasoline blending components used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel).  The quantity of ethanol consumed is 
from EIA’s Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA) and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Table 1, data for renewable fuels and 
oxygenate plant net production of fuel ethanol.  The quantity of natural gasoline used as denaturant is from PSA/PSM, 
Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of natural gasoline, multiplied by ‐1.  The 
quantity of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant is from 
PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of conventional motor gasoline and 
motor gasoline blending components, multiplied by ‐1.     
Fuel Ethanol Feedstock.  EIA used corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel 
undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured 
ethanol.  EIA used the following observed ethanol yields (in gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) from U.S. 
224  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 
Department of Agriculture:  2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002; and from University of Illinois at Chicago, Energy 
Resources Center, “2012 Corn Ethanol:  Emerging Plant Energy and Environmental Technologies”:  2.78 in 2008, and 
2.82 in 2012.  EIA estimated the ethanol yields in other years.  EIA also assumed that corn has a gross heat content of 
0.392 million Btu per bushel. 
Other Biofuels.  EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.359 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal 
conversion factor for Biodiesel. 
Renewable Diesel Fuel.  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.494 million Btu per barrel (130,817 Btu per 
gallon) for renewable diesel II (UOP‐HDO) from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, “The 
Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model” (GREET), version GREET1_2021, 
October 2021.  

Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas 
Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector.  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of natural gas 
consumed by the electric power sector by the quantity consumed.   Data are from Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant 
Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.  
Natural Gas Consumption, End‐Use Sectors.  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of natural gas 
consumed by the end‐use sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed. 
The heat content of natural gas consumed by the end‐use sectors is calculated as the total heat content of natural gas 
consumed minus the heat content of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector.  The quantity of natural gas 
consumed by the end‐use sectors is calculated as the total quantity of natural gas consumed minus the quantity of 
natural gas consumed by the electric power sector.  Data are from Form EIA‐176, “Annual Report of Natural and 
Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition”; and Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.  

Natural Gas Consumption, Total.  • 1949–1962:  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot 
as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.  • 1963–
1979:  EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by the American Gas Association (AGA) and 
published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication.  • 1980 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat 
content of natural gas consumed by the total quantity consumed.  
Natural Gas Exports.  • 1949–1972:  Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas 
consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption, Total).  • 1973 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat 
content of natural gas exported by the quantity exported.  For 1973–1995, data are from Form FPC‐14, “Annual Report 
for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.”  Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of 
Fossil Energy, Natural Gas Imports and Exports.  
Natural Gas Imports.  • 1949–1972:  Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas 
consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption, Total).  • 1973 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat 
content of natural gas imported by the quantity imported.  For 1973–1995, data are from Form FPC‐14, “Annual Report 
for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.”  Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of 
Fossil Energy, Natural Gas Imports and Exports.  
Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas 
consumed.  See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.  
Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of dry natural gas 
produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) and natural gas liquids produced (see Natural Gas Liquids Production) by 
the total quantity of marketed natural gas produced. 

Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke 
Coal Coke Imports and Exports.  EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimate of 24.800 million Btu per short ton.  
Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector.  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by 
the electric power sector by the quantity consumed.  Data are from Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” 
and predecessor forms.  

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  225 
 
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants.  • 1949–2011:  Calculated annually by EIA based on the reported 
volatility (low, medium, or high) of coal received by coke plants.  (For 2011, EIA used the following volatility factors, in  
million Btu per short ton:  low volatile—26.680; medium volatile—27.506; and high volatile—25.652.)  Data are from 
Form EIA‐5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Coke Plants,” and predecessor forms.  • 2012 forward:  
Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal received by coke plants by the quantity received.  
Through June 2014, data are from Form EIA‐5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Coke Plants”; 
beginning in July 2014, data are from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal 
Users” (formerly called “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”).  

Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other.  • 1949–2007:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of 
coal received by manufacturing plants by the quantity received.  Data are from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Coal 
Consumption and Quality Report—Manufacturing Plants,” and predecessor forms.  • 2008 forward:  Calculated annually 
by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal received by manufacturing, gasification, and liquefaction plants by the 
quantity received.  Data are from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” 
(formerly called “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”).  
 

Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial Sectors.  • 1949–1999:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat 
content of coal received by the residential and commercial sectors by the quantity received.  Data are from Form EIA‐6, 
“Coal Distribution Report,” and predecessor forms.  • 2000–2007:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat 
content of coal consumed by commercial combined‐heat‐and‐power (CHP) plants by the quantity consumed.  Data are 
from Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.  • 2008 forward:  Calculated annually by 
EIA by dividing the heat content of coal received by commercial and institutional users by the quantity received.  Data 
are from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” (formerly called 
“Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”).  
Coal Consumption, Total.  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of coal consumed by all sectors 
by the total quantity consumed.  
Coal Exports.  • 1949–2011:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of steam coal and metallurgical 
coal exported by the quantity exported.  Data are from U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, “Monthly 
Report EM 545,” and predecessor forms.  • 2012 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of 
steam coal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported.  The average heat content of steam coal is derived 
from receipts data from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” (formerly 
called “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”), and Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report.”  
Through June 2014, the average heat content of metallurgical coal is derived from receipts data from Form EIA‐5, 
“Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Coke Plants”; beginning in July 2014, the average heat content of 
metallurgical coal is derived from receipts data from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and 
Institutional Coal Users” (formerly called “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”).  Data for export quantities 
are from U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, “Monthly Report EM 545.”  
Coal Imports.  • 1949–1963:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal imported by the quantity 
imported.  Data are from U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, “Monthly Report IM 145,” and 
predecessor forms.  • 1964–2011:  Assumed by EIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.  • 2012 forward:  Calculated 
annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal imported (received) by the quantity imported (received).  Data are 
from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” (formerly called “Quarterly 
Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”); Form EIA‐5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Coke Plants” 
(data through June 2014); and Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report.”  
Coal Production.  • 1949–2011:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of domestic coal (excluding 
waste coal) received by the quantity received.  Data are from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality 
Report—Manufacturing and Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users”; Form EIA‐5, 
“Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Coke Plants”; Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report”; and 
predecessor forms.  • 2012 forward:   Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of domestic coal (excluding 
waste coal) received and exported by the quantity received and exported.  Data are from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey 
of Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Coal Users” (formerly called “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal 
Data”); Form EIA‐5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Coke Plants” (data through June 2014); Form EIA‐

226  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 
923, “Power Plant Operations Report”; U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, “Monthly Report EM 545”; and 
predecessor forms.  
Waste Coal Supplied.  • 1989–2000:  Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of waste coal consumed by 
the quantity consumed.  Data are from Form EIA‐860B, “Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility,” and predecessor 
form.  • 2001 forward:  Calculated by EIA by dividing the heat content of waste coal received (or consumed) by the 
quantity received (or consumed).  Receipts data are from Form EIA‐3, “Quarterly Survey of Industrial, Commercial, and  
Institutional Coal Users” (formerly called “Quarterly Survey of Non‐Electric Sector Coal Data”), and predecessor forms.  
Consumption data are from Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms. 

Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity 
Electricity Net Generation, Coal.  • 2001 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and net 
generation data reported on Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.  The computation 
includes data for all electric utilities and electricity‐only independent power producers using anthracite, bituminous coal, 
subbituminous coal, lignite, and beginning in 2002, waste coal and coal synfuel.  
Electricity Net Generation, Natural Gas.  • 2001 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and net 
generation data reported on Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.  The computation 
includes data for all electric utilities and electricity‐only independent power producers using natural gas and 
supplemental gaseous fuels.  
Electricity Net Generation, Noncombustible Renewable Energy.  There is no generally accepted practice for measuring 
the thermal conversion rates for power plants that generate electricity from hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, 
photovoltaic, and wind energy sources.  Therefore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual average heat 
rate factor for fossil‐fueled power plants in the United States (see “Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil Fuels”).  By 
using that factor it is possible to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for replacing those sources during periods of 
interruption, such as droughts.  See Appendix E for more information.  
Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear.  • 1957–1984:  Calculated annually by dividing the total heat content consumed in 
nuclear generating units by the total (net) electricity generated by nuclear generating units.  The heat content and 
electricity generation were reported on Form FERC‐1, “Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities, Licensees, and Others”; 
Form EIA‐412, “Annual Report of Public Electric Utilities”; and predecessor forms.  For 1982, the factors were published in 
EIA, Historical Plant Cost and Annual Production Expenses for Selected Electric Plants 1982, page 215.  For 1983 and 1984, 
the factors were published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991, Table 13.  • 1985 forward: 
Calculated annually by EIA by using the heat rate data reported on Form EIA‐860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” 
and predecessor forms.  
Electricity Net Generation, Petroleum.  • 2001 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and net 
generation data reported on Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.  The computation 
includes data for all electric utilities and electricity‐only independent power producers using distillate fuel oil, residual fuel 
oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke, and waste oil.  
Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil Fuels.  • 1949–1955:  The weighted annual average heat rate for fossil‐fueled 
steam‐electric power plants in the United States, as published by EIA in Thermal‐Electric Plant Construction Cost and 
Annual Production  Expenses—1981 and Steam‐Electric  Plant Construction Cost and Annual Production Expenses—1978.  
• 1956–1988:  The weighted annual average heat rate for fossil‐fueled steam‐electric power plants in the United States, 
as published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991, Table 9.  • 1989–2000:  Calculated annually 
by EIA by using heat rate data reported on Form EIA‐860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” and predecessor forms; and 
net generation data reported on Form EIA‐759, “Monthly Power Plant Report.”  The computation includes data for all 
electric utility steam‐electric plants using fossil fuels.  • 2001 forward:  Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel 
consumption and net generation data reported on Form EIA‐923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor 
forms.  The computation includes data for all electric utilities and electricity‐only independent power producers using 
coal, petroleum, natural gas, and other gases (blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases 
derived from fossil fuels). 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  227 
 

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Appendix B
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and
Other Physical Conversion Factors 
 

      

 
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion
Factors
Data presented in the Monthly Energy Review and in other U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are 
expressed predominately in units that historically have been used in the United States, such as British thermal units, 
barrels, cubic feet, and short tons.  The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculate the 
metric‐unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. Customary units.  For example, 500 short tons are the equivalent of 
453.6 metric tons (500 short tons x 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons). 

In the metric system of weights and measures, the names of multiples and subdivisions of any unit may be derived by 
combining the name of the unit with prefixes, such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, 10, 100, 1,000, and 
deci, centi, and milli, meaning, respectively, one‐tenth, one‐hundredth, and one‐thousandth.  Common metric prefixes 
can be found in Table B2. 

The conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be used to calculate equivalents in various physical units commonly 
used in energy analyses.  For example, 10 barrels are the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42 gallons/barrel = 
420 gallons). 

230  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors

Type of Unit U.S. Unit Equivalent in Metric Units
Mass 1 short ton (2,000 lb) = 0.907 184 7 metric tons (t)
1 long ton = 1.016 047 metric tons (t)
1 pound (lb) = 0.453 592 37a kilograms (kg)
1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8) = 0.384 647b kilograms uranium (kgU)
1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz) = 28.349 52 grams (g)

Volume 1 barrel of oil (bbl) = 0.158 987 3 cubic meters (m3)

1 cubic yard (yd3) = 0.764 555 cubic meters (m3)
1 cubic foot (ft3) = 0.028 316 85 cubic meters (m3)
1 U.S. gallon (gal) = 3.785 412 liters (L)
1 ounce, fluid (fl oz) = 29.573 53 milliliters (mL)
1 cubic inch (in3) = 16.387 06 milliliters (mL)

Length 1 mile (mi) = 1.609 344a kilometers (km)

1 yard (yd) = 0.914 4a meters (m)
1 foot (ft) = 0.304 8a meters (m)
1 inch (in) = 2.54a centimeters (cm)

Area 1 acre = 0.404 69 hectares (ha)

1 square mile (mi2) = 2.589 988 square kilometers (km2)
1 square yard (yd2) = 0.836 127 4 square meters (m2)
1 square foot (ft2) = 0.092 903 04a square meters (m2)
1 square inch (in2) = 6.451 6a square centimeters (cm2)

Energy 1 British thermal unit (Btu)c = 1,055.055 852 62a joules (J)
1 calorie (cal) = 4.186 8a joules (J)
1 kilowatthour (kWh) = 3.6a megajoules (MJ)

Temperatured 32 degrees Fahrenheit (ºF) = 0a degrees Celsius (ºC)

212 degrees Fahrenheit (ºF) = 100a degrees Celsius (ºC)

[a] Exact conversion.

[b] Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
[c] The Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956.
[d] To convert degrees Fahrenheit (ºF) to degrees Celsius (ºC) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.
Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units belong to the
International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI units,
see http://physics.nist/gov/cuu/Units/index.html.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.
Sources: • General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government
(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9–11, 13, and 16. • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special
Publications 330, 811, and 814. • American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std268-1992, pp.
28 and 29.

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  231 
  

Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Unit Multiple Prefix Symbol Unit Subdivision Prefix Symbol
deka da 10-1 deci d
101
hecto h 10-2 centi c
102
kilo k 10-3 milli m
103
mega M 10-6 micro 
106
giga G 10-9 nano n
109
tera T 10-12 pico p
1012
peta P 10-15 femto f
1015
exa E 10-18 atto a
1018
zetta Z 10-21 zepto z
1021
yotta Y 10-24 yocto y
1024

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.

Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST
Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.

Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

Energy Source Original Unit Equivalent in Final Units

Petroleum 1 barrel (bbl) = 42a U.S. gallons (gal)

Coal 1 short ton = 2,000a pounds (lb)

1 long ton = 2,240a pounds (lb)
1 metric ton (t) = 1,000a kilograms (kg)

Wood 1 cord (cd) = 1.25b shorts tons

1 cord (cd) = 128a cubic feet (ft3)

 
[a] Exact conversion.
[b] Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.
Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical
Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17, and C-21. 
 

 
 
 

232  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

Appendix C
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output
 
  

      
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output
 
Table C1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output
Population U.S. Gross Domestic Product U.S. Gross Outputa

United States
United Statesb World as Share of World Billion Billion Implicit Price Billion
Nominal Chained (2012) Deflatorc Nominal
Million People Percent Dollarsd Dollarse (2012 = 1.00000) Dollarsd

1950 .............. 152.3 2,557.6 6.0 299.8 2,289.5 0.13095 577.8

1955 .............. 165.9 2,782.1 6.0 425.5 2,871.2 .14819 802.6
1960 .............. 180.7 3,043.0 5.9 542.4 3,260.0 .16638 1,006.0
1965 .............. 194.3 3,350.8 5.8 742.3 4,170.8 .17798 1,356.0
1970 .............. 205.1 3,713.5 5.5 1,073.3 4,951.3 .21677 1,903.0
1975 .............. 216.0 4,089.0 5.3 1,684.9 5,644.8 .29849 3,055.3
1980 .............. 227.2 4,445.0 5.1 2,857.3 6,759.2 .42273 5,462.0
1981 .............. 229.5 4,526.3 5.1 3,207.0 6,930.7 .46273 6,033.5
1982 .............. 231.7 4,606.5 5.0 3,343.8 6,805.8 .49132 6,175.0
1983 .............. 233.8 4,687.7 5.0 3,634.0 7,117.7 .51056 6,631.0
1984 .............. 235.8 4,766.5 4.9 4,037.6 7,632.8 .52898 7,313.8
1985 .............. 237.9 4,848.4 4.9 4,339.0 7,951.1 .54571 7,775.7
1986 .............. 240.1 4,932.4 4.9 4,579.6 8,226.4 .55670 8,031.0
1987 .............. 242.3 5,019.0 4.8 4,855.2 8,511.0 .57046 8,707.5
1988 .............. 244.5 5,106.4 4.8 5,236.4 8,866.5 .59059 9,434.2
1989 .............. 246.8 5,193.4 4.8 5,641.6 9,192.1 .61374 10,069.8
1990 .............. 249.6 5,282.0 4.7 5,963.1 9,365.5 .63671 10,624.6
1991 .............. 253.0 5,365.3 4.7 6,158.1 9,355.4 .65825 10,808.0
1992 .............. 256.5 5,449.4 4.7 6,520.3 9,684.9 .67325 11,381.0
1993 .............. 259.9 5,530.9 4.7 6,858.6 9,951.5 .68920 12,024.4
1994 .............. 263.1 5,610.7 4.7 7,287.2 10,352.4 .70392 12,826.8
1995 .............. 266.3 5,691.8 4.7 7,639.7 10,630.3 .71868 13,653.2
1996 .............. 269.4 5,772.0 4.7 8,073.1 11,031.4 .73183 14,463.4
1997 .............. 272.6 5,850.7 4.7 8,577.6 11,521.9 .74445 15,393.3
1998 .............. 275.9 5,928.2 4.7 9,062.8 12,038.3 .75283 16,216.8
1999 .............. 279.0 6,005.1 4.6 9,630.7 12,610.5 .76370 17,272.3
2000 .............. 282.2 6,081.9 4.6 10,252.3 13,131.0 .78078 18,623.9
2001 .............. 285.0 6,159.1 4.6 10,581.8 13,262.1 .79790 18,888.3
2002 .............. 287.6 6,236.7 4.6 10,936.4 13,493.1 .81052 19,178.3
2003 .............. 290.1 6,314.7 4.6 11,458.2 13,879.1 .82557 20,141.2
2004 .............. 292.8 6,393.1 4.6 12,213.7 14,406.4 .84780 21,690.2
2005 .............. 295.5 6,471.5 4.6 13,036.6 14,912.5 .87421 23,512.9
2006 .............. 298.4 6,551.9 4.6 13,814.6 15,338.3 .90066 24,931.4
2007 .............. 301.2 6,634.4 4.5 14,451.9 15,626.0 .92486 26,238.5
2008 .............. 304.1 6,718.3 4.5 14,712.8 15,604.7 .94285 26,989.2
2009 .............. 306.8 6,801.8 4.5 14,448.9 15,208.8 .95004 24,919.5
2010 .............. 309.3 6,884.0 4.5 14,992.1 15,598.8 .96111 26,422.4
2011 .............. 311.6 6,965.9 4.5 15,542.6 15,840.7 .98118 27,999.5
2012 .............. 313.9 7,047.8 4.5 16,197.0 16,197.0 1.00000 29,186.8
2013 .............. 316.1 7,130.5 4.4 16,784.9 16,495.4 1.01755 30,291.3
2014 .............. 318.4 7,212.9 4.4 17,527.3 16,912.0 1.03638 31,740.0
2015 .............. 320.7 7,294.3 4.4 18,238.3 17,432.2 1.04624 32,222.3
2016 .............. 323.1 7,375.3 4.4 18,745.1 17,730.5 1.05722 32,882.2
2017 .............. 325.1 7,455.1 4.4 19,543.0 18,144.1 1.07710 34,474.7
2018 .............. 326.8 7,533.7 4.3 20,611.9 18,687.8 1.10296 36,603.4
2019 .............. 328.3 7,612.1 4.3 21,433.2 19,091.7 1.12265 37,817.0
2020 .............. 329.5 7,693.3 4.3 20,932.8 18,422.6 1.13626 36,737.4

a Gross output is the value of gross domestic product (GDP) plus the value of (June 2000). 1990–1999—DOC, U.S. Census Bureau, "Time Series of Intercensal
intermediate inputs used to produce GDP. State Population Estimates" (April 2002). 2000–2009—DOC, U.S. Census Bureau,
b Resident population of the 50 states and the District of Columbia estimated for "Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions,
July 1 of each year. States, and Puerto Rico" (September 2011). 2010 forward—DOC, U.S. Census
c The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal Bureau, "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States,
dollars to chained (2012) dollars. Regions, States, and Puerto Rico" (December 2020). • World Population: 1950
d See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. forward—DOC, U.S. Census Bureau, International Database (December 2020).
e See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. • United States as Share of World Population: Calculated as U.S. population
Notes: • Data are estimates. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and divided by world population. • U.S. Gross Domestic Product: 1949
the District of Columbia. forward—DOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), National Income and Product
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices Accounts (August 2021), Tables 1.1.5, 1.1.6, and 1.1.9. • U.S. Gross Output:
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949. 1949–1996—DOC, BEA, GDP by industry (Historical) data (October 2019). 1997
Sources: • United States Population: 1949–1989—U.S. Department of forward—DOC, BEA, GDP by Industry data (March 2021).
Commerce (DOC), U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports Series P-25

234  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
  
 

Appendix D
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the
United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945
 

      
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States,
Selected Years, 1635-1945
 

Table D1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States,

Selected Years, 1635–1945 (Quadrillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Conventional Biomass Electricity

Natural Hydroelectric Net
Coal Gas Petroleum Total Power Wood a Total Importsb Total

1635 .............. NA –– –– NA –– (s) (s) –– (s)

1645 .............. NA –– –– NA –– 0.001 0.001 –– 0.001
1655 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .002 .002 –– .002
1665 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .005 .005 –– .005
1675 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .007 .007 –– .007
1685 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .009 .009 –– .009
1695 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .014 .014 –– .014
1705 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .022 .022 –– .022
1715 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .037 .037 –– .037
1725 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .056 .056 –– .056
1735 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .080 .080 –– .080
1745 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .112 .112 –– .112
1755 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .155 .155 –– .155
1765 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .200 .200 –– .200
1775 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .249 .249 –– .249
1785 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .310 .310 –– .310
1795 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .402 .402 –– .402
1805 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .537 .537 –– .537
1815 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .714 .714 –– .714
1825 .............. NA –– –– NA –– .960 .960 –– .960
1835 .............. NA –– –– NA –– 1.305 1.305 –– 1.305
1845 .............. NA –– –– NA –– 1.757 1.757 –– 1.757
1850 .............. 0.219 –– –– 0.219 –– 2.138 2.138 –– 2.357
1855 .............. .421 –– –– .421 –– 2.389 2.389 –– 2.810
1860 .............. .518 –– 0.003 .521 –– 2.641 2.641 –– 3.162
1865 .............. .632 –– .010 .642 –– 2.767 2.767 –– 3.409
1870 .............. 1.048 –– .011 1.059 –– 2.893 2.893 –– 3.952
1875 .............. 1.440 –– .011 1.451 –– 2.872 2.872 –– 4.323
1880 .............. 2.054 –– .096 2.150 –– 2.851 2.851 –– 5.001
1885 .............. 2.840 0.082 .040 2.962 –– 2.683 2.683 –– 5.645
1890 .............. 4.062 .257 .156 4.475 0.022 2.515 2.537 –– 7.012
1895 .............. 4.950 .147 .168 5.265 .090 2.306 2.396 –– 7.661
1900 .............. 6.841 .252 .229 7.322 .250 2.015 2.265 –– 9.587
1905 .............. 10.001 .372 .610 10.983 .386 1.843 2.229 –– 13.212
1910 .............. 12.714 .540 1.007 14.261 .539 1.765 2.304 –– 16.565
1915 .............. 13.294 .673 1.418 15.385 .659 1.688 2.347 0.002 17.734
1920 .............. 15.504 .813 2.676 18.993 .738 1.610 2.348 .003 21.344
1925 .............. 14.706 1.191 4.280 20.177 .668 1.533 2.201 .004 22.382
1930 .............. 13.639 1.932 5.897 21.468 .752 1.455 2.207 .005 23.680
1935 .............. 10.634 1.919 5.675 18.228 .806 1.397 2.203 .005 20.436
1940 .............. 12.535 2.665 7.760 22.960 .880 1.358 2.238 .007 25.205
1945 .............. 15.972 3.871 10.110 29.953 1.442 a1.261 2.703 .009 32.665

a There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 (in this table) Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States 1630–1930, February 1942.
and 1949 (in Table 10.1). Through 1945, data are for fuelwood only; beginning in This source estimates fuelwood consumption in cords per decade, which were
1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels. converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu per cord. The annual
b Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus average value for each decade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the
exports. assumption that annual use was likely to increase during any given decade and the
NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. average annual value was more likely to reflect mid-decade yearly consumption
Notes: • For years not shown, data are not available. • See Tables 1.3 and than use at either the beginning or end of the decade. Values thus begin in 1635
10.1 for continuation of these data series beginning in 1949. • See Note, and are plotted at 10-year intervals. 1850–1945—Energy in the American
"Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635–1945," at end of section. Economy, 1850–1975, Table VII. • Electricity Net Imports: Energy in the
Sources: • Fossil Fuels: Energy in the American Economy, 1850–1975, Table American Economy, 1850–1975, Tables I and VI. Electricity net imports are
VII. • Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, assumed to equal hydroelectric consumption minus hydroelectric production (data
1850–1975, Table II. • Wood: 1635–1845—U.S. Department of Agriculture, are converted to Btu by multiplying by 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour).

236  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 

Note.  Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635–1945.
Table D1 presents estimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins a century and a half 
before the original 13 colonies formed a political union and continues through the decades during which the United 
States was still expanding territorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by “U.S. consumption” of an 
energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist or consisted of less territory than is now 
encompassed by the 50 states and the District of Columbia? 

The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sources of those documents, were reviewed 
carefully for clues to geographic coverage. For most energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than 
the nation, defined as all the official states and the District of Columbia. Estimates or measurements of consumption of 
each energy source generally appear to follow settlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent 
that were settled enough to have economically significant consumption even though those areas were not to become 
states for years. The wood data series, for example, begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting 
Georgia), as well as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become the District of Columbia. By the time the series 
reaches 1810, the rest of the continental states are all included, although the last of the 48 states to achieve statehood 
did not do so until 1912. Likewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but includes consumption in areas, such as Utah 
and Washington (state), which were significant coal producing regions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note:  No 
data were available on state‐level historical coal consumption. The coal data shown in Table D1 through 1945 describe 
apparent consumption, i.e., production plus imports minus exports. The geographic coverage for coal was therefore 
based on a tally of coal‐producing states listed in various historical issues of Minerals Yearbook. It is likely that coal was 
consumed in states where it was not mined in significant quantities.)  

By energy source, the extent of coverage can be summarized as follows:  •  Coal—35 coal‐producing states by 1885. 
•  Natural Gas—All 48 contiguous states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885.  • Petroleum—All 48 contiguous 
states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885.  •  Conventional Hydroelectric Power—Coverage for 1890 and 1895 
is uncertain, but probably the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia. Coverage for 1900–1945 is the 48 
contiguous states, and the District of Columbia.  • Wood—All 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia by 1810.

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  237 
  

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

 
 

Appendix E
Alternative Approaches for Deriving Energy
Contents of Noncombustible Renewables
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Alternative Approaches for Deriving Energy Contents of Noncombustible
Renewables
 
EIA compiles data on most energy sources in physical units, such as barrels and cubic feet, in order to calculate total 
primary energy consumption. To sum data for different energy sources, EIA converts the data to the common unit of 
British thermal units (Btu), a measure that is based on the thermal conversion of energy resources to heat and power.  

Noncombustible renewables are resources from which energy is extracted without burning or combusting fuel. They 
include hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, and wind energy.  When noncombustible renewables are used to generate 
electricity, there is no fuel combustion and, therefore, no set Btu conversion factors for the energy sources.1 However, 
there are several possible approaches for converting that electricity to Btu. Three of these approaches are described 
below. 

Fossil Fuel Equivalency Approach

In Sections 1, 2, and 10 of the Monthly Energy Review, EIA calculates total primary energy consumption for 
noncombustible renewable electricity in Btu by applying a fossil fuel equivalency factor.  Under that approach, the 
primary energy consumption of noncombustible renewable electricity can be viewed as the sum of captured energy 
“transformed into electricity” and an "adjustment for fossil fuel equivalency." 

The adjustment for fossil fuel equivalency is equal to the difference between total primary consumption of 
noncombustible renewables for electricity generation in Btu (calculated using the fossil fuels heat rate in Table A6) and 
the captured energy of that electricity (calculated using the constant conversion factor of 3,412 Btu per kWh).  The fossil 
fuels heat rate is equal to the thermal efficiency across fossil fuel‐fired generating stations based on net generation. The 
fossil fuel equivalency adjustment represents the energy that would have been consumed if electricity had been 
generated by fossil fuels.  By using that factor, it is possible, for example, to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for 
replacing electricity generation during periods of interruptions, such as droughts. 

Captured Energy Approach

Captured energy (Tables E1a and E1b) reflects the primary energy captured for economic use and does not include 
losses. Thus, it is the net energy available for direct consumption after transformation of a noncombustible renewable 
into electricity.  In other words, captured energy is the energy measured as the "output" of a generating unit, such as 
electricity from a wind turbine or solar plant.  The captured energy approach is often used to show the economically 
significant energy transformations in the United States.  There is no market for the resource‐specific energy apart from 
its immediate, site‐specific energy conversion, and there is no substantive opportunity cost to its continued 
exploitation.2 

Incident Energy Approach

Incident energy is the mechanical, radiation, or thermal energy that is measurable as the "input" of the device.  EIA 
defines "incident energy" for noncombustible renewables as the gross energy that first strikes an energy conversion 
device: 

 For hydroelectric, the energy contained in the water passing through the penstock (a closed 
               conduit for carrying water to the turbines) 
 For geothermal, the energy contained in the hot fluid at the surface of the wellbore 
 For wind, the energy contained in the wind that passes through the rotor disc 
 For solar, the energy contained in the sunlight that strikes the panel or collector mirror 

240  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
The incident energy approach to converting noncombustible renewable electricity to Btu could, in theory, be used to 
account for “losses” that are due to the inability to convert 100% of incident energy to a useful form of energy.  EIA does 
not publish total primary energy consumption estimates based on the incident energy approach because it would be 
difficult to obtain accurate estimates of input energy without creating undue burden on survey respondents.  Few 
renewable electricity power plants track cumulative input energy due to its lack of economic significance or other 
purpose.  In addition, estimated energy efficiencies of renewable conversion technologies vary significantly across 
technologies, site‐specific configurations, and environmental factors.3 

1
Direct use of noncombustible renewables in the form of heat (e.g., solar thermal heating) is estimated separately and is measured in Btu. 
2
There is an initial opportunity cost when a facility is first built: water behind a dam might flood land that could have been used for other purposes, or a solar panel 
might shade an area that could have used the sunlight. But that is a “fixed” opportunity cost that does not change during the operation of the plant. 
3
Based on EIA research conducted in 2016, engineering estimates of conversion efficiencies for noncombustible renewables range from less than 20% for solar 
photovoltaics and geothermal to 90% for large‐scale hydroelectricity plants. Those estimates are notional indications of the energy output as a percent of energy 
input at each technology based on typical equipment operating within the normal operating range for that technology. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  241 
Table E1a. Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption:
Conventional Hydroelectric Power, Geothermal, and Wind (Trillion Btu)
Conventional Hydroelectric Powera Geothermalb Windc

Trans- Adjustment Trans- Adjustment Trans- Adjustment

formed for Fossil Total Direct formed for Fossil Total formed for Fossil Total
Into Fuel Primary Consump- Into Fuel Primary Into Fuel Primary
Electricityd,e Equivalencef Energyg tionh Electricityd,i Equivalencef Energyj Electricityd,i Equivalencef Energyg

1950 .................. 344 1,071 1,415 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

1955 .................. 397 963 1,360 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1960 .................. 510 1,098 1,608 NA (s) (s) (s) NA NA NA
1965 .................. 672 1,387 2,059 NA 1 1 2 NA NA NA
1970 .................. 856 1,777 2,634 NA 2 4 6 NA NA NA
1975 .................. 1,034 2,120 3,155 NA 11 23 34 NA NA NA
1980 .................. 953 1,948 2,900 NA 17 35 53 NA NA NA
1981 .................. 900 1,858 2,758 NA 19 40 59 NA NA NA
1982 .................. 1,066 2,200 3,266 NA 17 34 51 NA NA NA
1983 .................. 1,144 2,383 3,527 NA 21 43 64 (s) (s) (s)
1984 .................. 1,107 2,279 3,386 NA 26 54 81 (s) (s) (s)
1985 .................. 970 2,000 2,970 NA 32 66 97 (s) (s) (s)
1986 .................. 1,003 2,068 3,071 NA 35 73 108 (s) (s) (s)
1987 .................. 863 1,772 2,635 NA 37 76 112 (s) (s) (s)
1988 .................. 771 1,563 2,334 NA 35 71 106 (s) (s) (s)
1989 .................. e 928 1,909 2,837 9 i 50 102 162 i7 15 22
1990 .................. 999 2,047 3,046 10 53 108 171 10 19 29
1991 .................. 986 2,030 3,016 11 54 112 178 10 21 31
1992 .................. 864 1,754 2,617 12 55 112 179 10 20 30
1993 .................. 957 1,935 2,892 13 57 116 186 10 21 31
1994 .................. 888 1,796 2,683 13 53 107 173 12 24 36
1995 .................. 1,061 2,145 3,205 14 46 92 152 11 22 33
1996 .................. 1,185 2,405 3,590 15 49 99 163 11 22 33
1997 .................. 1,216 2,424 3,640 16 50 100 167 11 22 34
1998 .................. 1,103 2,194 3,297 18 50 100 168 10 21 31
1999 .................. 1,090 2,177 3,268 19 51 101 171 15 31 46
2000 .................. 940 1,871 2,811 21 48 96 164 19 38 57
2001 .................. 740 1,502 2,242 22 47 95 164 23 47 70
2002 .................. 902 1,787 2,689 24 49 98 171 35 70 105
2003 .................. 941 1,851 2,793 27 49 97 173 38 75 113
2004 .................. 916 1,773 2,688 30 51 98 178 48 93 142
2005 .................. 922 1,781 2,703 34 50 97 181 61 117 178
2006 .................. 987 1,882 2,869 37 50 95 181 91 173 264
2007 .................. 845 1,602 2,446 41 50 95 186 118 223 341
2008 .................. 869 1,642 2,511 46 51 96 192 189 357 546
2009 .................. 933 1,736 2,669 54 51 95 200 252 469 721
2010 .................. 888 1,651 2,539 60 52 97 208 323 600 923
2011 .................. 1,090 2,013 3,103 64 52 97 212 410 758 1,168
2012 .................. 943 1,686 2,629 64 53 95 212 480 860 1,340
2013 .................. 916 1,646 2,562 64 54 97 214 573 1,029 1,601
2014 .................. 885 1,582 2,467 64 54 97 214 620 1,108 1,728
2015 .................. 850 1,471 2,321 64 54 94 212 651 1,127 1,777
2016 .................. 914 1,559 2,472 64 54 92 210 774 1,321 2,096
2017 .................. 1,025 1,742 2,767 64 54 92 210 868 1,475 2,343
2018 .................. 998 1,665 2,663 64 54 91 209 930 1,552 2,482
2019 .................. 982 1,581 2,564 64 53 85 201 1,010 1,625 2,635
2020 .................. 993 1,599 2,592 64 58 93 214 1,152 1,854 3,006

a Conventional hydroelectricity net generation. Through 1989, also includes heat rate factors (see Table A6).
hydroelectric pumped storage. h Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
b Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy; and geothermal electricity net i Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
generation. for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
c Wind electricity net generation. plants.
d Electricity net generation in kilowatthours (kWh) multiplied by 3,412 Btu/kWh, j Direct consumption of energy; and energy used to generate electricity,
the heat content of electricity (see Table A6). calculated as electricity net generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the total fossil
e Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industrial plants. Beginning in fuels heat rate factors (see Table A6).
1989, data are for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
plants, and industrial plants. Notes: • Geothermal direct consumption data are estimates. • Totals may not
f Equals the difference between the fossil-fuel equivalent value of electricity and equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is
the captured energy consumed as electricity. The fossil-fuel equivalent value of the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
electricity equals electricity net generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the total Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
fossil fuels heat rate factors (see Table A6). The captured energy consumed as (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
electricity equals electricity net generation in kilowatthours multiplied by 3,412 Sources: • Conventional Hydroelectric Power and Wind: Tables 7.2a, 10.1,
Btu/kWh, the heat content of electricity (see Table A6). and A6. • Geothermal: Tables 7.2a, 10.1, 10.2a, 10.2b, and A6.
g Electricity net generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the total fossil fuels
 

242  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
Table E1b. Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption: Solar and Total
(Trillion Btu)
Solara Totalb

Distributedc Utility-Scaled

Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment

Transformed for Fossil Transformed for Fossil Total for Fossil Total
Direct Into Fuel Into Fuel Primary Captured Fuel Primary
Consumptione Electricityf Equivalenceg Electricityf,h Equivalenceg Energyi Energyj Equivalenceg Energyi

1950 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 344 1,071 1,415

1955 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 397 963 1,360
1960 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 510 1,098 1,608
1965 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 673 1,388 2,061
1970 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 858 1,781 2,639
1975 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 1,045 2,143 3,188
1980 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 970 1,983 2,953
1981 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 920 1,898 2,817
1982 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 1,082 2,234 3,316
1983 .................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 1,165 2,426 3,591
1984 .................. NA NA NA (s) (s) (s) 1,133 2,334 3,467
1985 .................. NA NA NA (s) (s) (s) 1,002 2,066 3,068
1986 .................. NA NA NA (s) (s) (s) 1,038 2,141 3,179
1987 .................. NA NA NA (s) (s) (s) 900 1,847 2,747
1988 .................. NA NA NA (s) (s) (s) 807 1,634 2,441
1989 .................. 52 (s) (s) h1 2 54 1,047 2,029 3,075
1990 .................. 55 (s) (s) 1 3 59 1,128 2,177 3,305
1991 .................. 56 (s) (s) 2 3 62 1,120 2,166 3,286
1992 .................. 58 (s) (s) 1 3 63 1,000 1,889 2,889
1993 .................. 60 (s) (s) 2 3 65 1,099 2,075 3,173
1994 .................. 62 (s) (s) 2 3 67 1,029 1,931 2,960
1995 .................. 63 (s) (s) 2 3 68 1,196 2,263 3,458
1996 .................. 63 (s) (s) 2 4 69 1,325 2,531 3,856
1997 .................. 62 (s) 1 2 3 68 1,358 2,551 3,909
1998 .................. 61 (s) 1 2 3 67 1,245 2,319 3,564
1999 .................. 60 (s) 1 2 3 66 1,237 2,313 3,550
2000 .................. 57 (s) 1 2 3 63 1,087 2,009 3,096
2001 .................. 55 (s) 1 2 4 62 890 1,648 2,538
2002 .................. 53 1 1 2 4 60 1,066 1,960 3,025
2003 .................. 51 1 1 2 4 58 1,109 2,028 3,138
2004 .................. 50 1 2 2 4 58 1,097 1,969 3,067
2005 .................. 49 1 2 2 4 58 1,119 2,001 3,120
2006 .................. 51 2 3 2 3 61 1,218 2,157 3,375
2007 .................. 53 2 5 2 4 66 1,110 1,928 3,038
2008 .................. 54 4 7 3 6 74 1,217 2,107 3,323
2009 .................. 55 5 10 3 6 78 1,353 2,315 3,668
2010 .................. 56 8 15 4 8 91 1,390 2,371 3,761
2011 .................. 58 13 24 6 11 112 1,692 2,903 4,595
2012 .................. 59 21 38 15 26 159 1,635 2,705 4,339
2013 .................. 61 28 50 31 55 225 1,726 2,877 4,602
2014 .................. 62 38 68 60 108 337 1,783 2,963 4,746
2015 .................. 63 48 84 85 147 427 1,815 2,922 4,737
2016 .................. 64 64 109 123 210 570 2,057 3,291 5,348
2017 .................. 65 82 139 182 309 777 2,339 3,758 6,097
2018 .................. 65 101 168 218 363 915 2,430 3,839 6,269
2019 .................. 65 119 192 245 395 1,017 2,538 3,879 6,417
2020 .................. 65 142 229 310 499 1,246 2,783 4,275 7,058

a Solar thermal direct use energy; and solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal h Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
electricity net generation. for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
b Conventional hydroelectricity net generation; geothermal heat pump and direct plants.
use energy; geothermal electricity net generation; wind electricity net generation; i Direct consumption of energy; and energy used to generate electricity,
solar thermal direct use energy; and solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal calculated as electricity net generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the total fossil
electricity net generation. fuels heat rate factors (see Table A6).
c Distributed (small-scale) facilities (electric generators have a combined j Direct consumption of energy plus captured energy consumed as electricity,
generator nameplate capacity of less than 1 megawatt). which is calculated as electricity net generation in kilowatthours (kWh) multiplied by
d Utility-scale facilities (combined generator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt 3,412 Btu/kWh, the heat content of electricity (see Table A6).
or more). NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
e Solar thermal direct use energy. Notes: • Beginning in 1989, data for distributed solar and total captured energy
f Electricity net generation in kilowatthours (kWh) multiplied by 3,412 Btu/kWh, are estimates. For the current year, data for utility-scale solar are estimates.
the heat content of electricity (see Table A6). • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
g Equals the difference between the fossil-fuel equivalent value of electricity and • Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
the captured energy consumed as electricity. The fossil-fuel equivalent value of Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
electricity equals electricity net generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the total (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
fossil fuels heat rate factors (see Table A6). The captured energy consumed as Sources: • Solar: Tables 10.5, 10.6, and A6. • Total: Tables 7.2a, 10.1,
electricity equals electricity net generation in kilowatthours multiplied by 3,412 10.2a, 10.2b, 10.5, 10.6, and A6.
Btu/kWh, the heat content of electricity (see Table A6).
 
 
 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021  243 
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Glossary
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The 
series of molecules vary in chain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group; CH(3)‐(CH(2))n‐OH 
(e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). See Fuel ethanol. 
Alternative fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation applications, include the following: methanol; denatured 
ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85 percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, 
and   other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels; natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas (propane); hydrogen; 
coal‐derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol) derived from biological materials (biofuels such as soy diesel fuel); 
electricity (including electricity from solar energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines, by rule, is 
substantially not petroleum and would yield substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental 
benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does not include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily petroleum‐based 
fuels used as oxygenates or extenders, i.e., MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the 10‐percent ethanol portion of gasohol.  
Alternative‐fuel vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to operate on an alternative fuel (e.g., compressed natural gas, 
methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle could be either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively on 
alternative fuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel. 
Anthracite:  The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating.  It is a hard, brittle, 
and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low 
percentage of volatile matter.  The moisture content of fresh‐mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent.  The 
heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral‐matter‐free basis.  The 
heat content of anthracite coal consumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the as‐
received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).  Note:  Since the 1980's, anthracite refuse 
or mine waste has been used for steam‐electric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million 
Btu per ton or less. 
Anthropogenic:  Made or generated by a human or caused by human activity.  The term is used in the context of global 
climate change to refer to gaseous emissions that are the result of human activities, as well as other potentially 
climate‐ altering activities, such as deforestation. 
Asphalt:  A dark brown‐to‐black cement‐like material obtained by petroleum processing and containing bitumens as 
the predominant component; used primarily for road construction.  It includes crude asphalt as well as the following 
finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates 
blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts.  Note:  The conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per short ton. 
ASTM:  The American Society for Testing and Materials. 
Aviation gasoline blending components:  Naphthas that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation 
gasoline (e.g., straight run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene).  Excludes oxygenates (alcohols, 
ethers), butane, and natural gasoline.  Oxygenates are reported as other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.  See 
Aviation gasoline, finished. 
Aviation gasoline, finished:  A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of 
additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in aviation reciprocating engines.  Fuel specifications are provided in 
ASTM Specification D 910 and Military Specification MIL‐G‐5572.  Note:  Data on blending components are not 
counted in data on finished aviation gasoline. 
Barrel (petroleum):  A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S. Gallons. 
Base gas:  The quantity of natural gas needed to maintain adequate reservoir pressures and deliverability rates 
throughout the withdrawal season.  Base gas usually is not withdrawn and remains in the reservoir.  All natural gas native 
to a depleted reservoir is included in the base gas volume. 
Biodiesel:  A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils; animal fats; and recycled grease.  It can 
serve as a substitute for petroleum‐derived diesel fuel or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration 
 

246  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono‐alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, 
designated B100, and meeting the requirements of ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751. 
Biofuels:  Liquid fuels and blending components produced from biomass (plant) feedstocks, used primarily for 
transportation.  See Biodiesel, Fuel ethanol, Other biofuels, and Renewable diesel fuel. 
Biogenic:  Produced by biological processes of living organisms.  Note: EIA uses the term “biogenic” to refer only to 
organic nonfossil material of biological origin. 
Biomass:  Organic nonfossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable energy source.  See Biodiesel, Biofuels, 
Biomass waste, Densified biomass, Fuel ethanol, Other biofuels, Renewable diesel fuel, and Wood and wood‐derived 
fuels. 
Biomass‐based diesel fuel:  Biodiesel and other renewable diesel fuel or diesel fuel blending components derived 
from biomass, but excluding renewable diesel fuel coprocessed with petroleum feedstocks. See Biodiesel and 
Renewable diesel fuel. 
Biomass waste:  Organic non‐fossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product.  “Biomass 
waste” includes municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural crop byproducts, 
straw, and other biomass solids, liquids, and gases; but excludes wood and wood‐derived fuels (including black 
liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel, fuel ethanol, other biofuels, and renewable diesel fuel. Note: EIA “biomass 
waste” data also include energy crops grown specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute 
waste. 
Bituminous coal:  A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well‐defined bands of bright and   
dull  material, used primarily as fuel in steam‐electric power  generation, with substantial quantities also used for  
heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make coke.  Bituminous coal is the most abundant coal in    
active U.S. mining regions.  Its moisture content usually is less than 20 percent.  The heat content of bituminous coal 
ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral‐matter‐free basis. The heat content of bituminous 
coal consumed in the United States averages 24 million Btu per short ton, on the as‐received basis (i.e., containing 
both inherent moisture and mineral matter). 
Black liquor:  A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor that can be used as a source of 
energy.  Alkaline spent liquor is removed from the digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood.  After 
evaporation, the residual "black" liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain 
basic chemicals. 
British thermal unit (Btu):  The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid water by 1 
degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which water has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees Fahrenheit). 
See Heat content. 
Btu:  See British thermal unit. 
Btu conversion factor:  A factor for converting energy data between one unit of measurement and British thermal 
units (Btu). Btu conversion factors are generally used to convert energy data from physical units of measure (such as 
barrels, cubic feet, or short tons) into the energy‐equivalent measure of Btu. (See 
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices for further information on Btu conversion factors.) 
Butane (C4H10):  A straight‐chain or branch‐chain hydrocarbon extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams, 
which is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure.  It includes isobutane and normal butane and is designated in 
ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association specifications for commercial butane. 
Butylene (C4H8):  An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery or petrochemical processes, which is gaseous at 
standard temperature and pressure. Butylene is used in the production of gasoline and various petrochemical 
products.  See Olefinic hydrocarbons (olefins). 
Capacity factor:  The ratio of the electrical energy produced by a generating unit for a given period of time to the 
electrical energy that could have been produced at continuous full‐power operation during the same period. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021    247 
Carbon dioxide (CO2):  A colorless, odorless, non‐poisonous gas that is a normal part of Earth's atmosphere.  Carbon 
dioxide is a product of fossil‐fuel combustion as well as other processes.  It is considered a greenhouse gas as it traps 
heat (infrared energy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potential for global 
warming.  The global warming potential (GWP) of other greenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of carbon 
dioxide, which by international scientific convention is assigned a value of one (1). 
Chained dollars:  A measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those that have been adjusted to remove the 
effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. 
Prior to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on the weights of goods and services in a 
single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained‐dollar measure.  
The new measure is based on the average weights of goods and services in successive pairs of years.  It is “chained” 
because the second year in each pair, with its weights, becomes the first year of the next pair.  The advantage of using 
the chained‐ dollar measure is that it is more closely related to any given period and is therefore subject to less 
distortion over time. 
CIF:  See Cost, insurance, freight. 
Citygate:  A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receives gas from a natural gas 
pipeline company or transmission system. 
Climate change:  A term used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, but especially to significant change from 
one prevailing climatic condition to another. In some cases, "climate change" has been used synonymously with the 
term "global warming"; scientists, however, tend to use the term in a wider sense inclusive of natural changes in 
climate, including climatic cooling. 
Coal:  A readily combustible black or brownish‐black rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, consists of 
more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material.  It is formed from 
plant remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure 
over geologic time.  See Anthracite, Bituminous coal, Lignite, Subbituminous coal, Waste coal, and Coal synfuel. 
Coal coke:  A solid carbonaceous residue derived from low‐ash, low‐sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile 
constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed 
carbon and residual ash are fused together.  Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast 
furnace.  Coke from coal is grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per ton. 
Coal stocks:  Coal quantities that are held in storage for future use and disposition.  Note: When coal data are collected 
for a particular reporting period (month, quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of the 
period. 
Coal synfuel:  Coal‐based solid fuel that has been processed by a coal synfuel plant; and coal‐based fuels such as 
briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which are formed from fresh or recycled coal and binding materials. 
Coal synfuel plant:  A plant engaged in the chemical transformation of coal into coal synfuel. 
Coke:  See Coal coke and Petroleum coke. 
Coking coal:  Bituminous coal suitable for making coke.  See Coal coke. 
Combined heat and power (CHP) plant:  A plant designed to produce both heat and electricity from a single heat 
source.  Note:  This term is being used in place of the term "cogenerator" that was used by EIA in the past.  CHP better 
describes the facilities because some of the plants included do not produce heat and power in a sequential fashion    
and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act 
(PURPA). 
Commercial sector:  An energy‐consuming sector that consists of service‐providing facilities and equipment of: 
businesses; federal, state, and local governments; and other private and public organizations, such as religious, social, 
or fraternal groups.  The commercial sector includes institutional living quarters.  It also includes sewage treatment 
facilities. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, 
lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a wide variety of other equipment.  Note:  This sector includes generators 
248  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the activities of the above‐ mentioned 
commercial establishments.  See End‐use sectors and Energy‐use sectors. 
Completion:  The installation of permanent equipment for the production of oil or gas.  If a well is equipped to    
produce only oil or gas from one zone or reservoir, the definition of a well (classified as an oil well or gas well) and     
the definition of a completion are identical.  However, if a well is equipped to produce oil and/or gas separately from 
more than one reservoir, a well is not synonymous with a completion. 
Conventional hydroelectric power:  Hydroelectric power generated from flowing water that is not created by 
hydroelectric pumped storage. 
Conventional motor gasoline:  See Motor gasoline conventional. 
Conversion factor:  A factor for converting data between one unit of measurement and another (such as between short 
tons and British thermal units, or between barrels and gallons). 
(See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.  See Btu conversion factor and Thermal conversion 
factor. 
Cost, insurance, freight (CIF):  A sales transaction in which the seller pays for the transportation and insurance of 
the goods to the port of destination specified by the buyer. 
Crude oil:  A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid  phase in  natural  underground reservoirs and remains 
liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities.  Depending upon the characteristics 
of the crude stream, it may also include:  (1) small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural 
underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well (casing head) gas      
in lease separators and are subsequently commingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. 
Lease condensate recovered as  a liquid  from natural  gas  wells in lease or field separation facilities and later  mixed 
into the crude stream is also included; (2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur       
and various metals; and (3) drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil 
shale.  Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded.  Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array of 
petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and 
butane; and many other products used for their energy or chemical content. 
Crude oil f.o.b. price:  The crude oil price actually charged at the oil‐producing country’s port of loading.  Includes 
deductions for any rebates and discounts or additions of premiums, where applicable.  It is the actual price paid with 
no adjustment for credit terms. 
Crude oil (including lease condensate):  A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in underground   
reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities.  Included are 
lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.  Drip gases are also 
included, but topped crude oil (residual oil) and other unfinished oils are excluded.  Where identifiable, liquids 
produced at natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil are likewise excluded. 
Crude oil landed cost:  The price of crude oil at the port of discharge, including charges associated with the purchase, 
transporting, and insuring of a cargo from the purchase point to the port of discharge.  The cost does not include 
charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage). 
Crude oil refinery input:  The total crude oil put into processing units at refineries. 
Crude oil stocks:  Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on 
leases. 
Crude oil used directly:  Crude oil consumed as fuel by crude oil pipelines and on crude oil leases. 
Crude oil well:  A well completed for the production of crude oil from one or more oil zones or reservoirs.  Wells 
producing both crude oil and natural gas are classified as oil wells. 
Cubic foot (natural gas):  The amount of natural gas contained at standard temperature and pressure (60 degrees 
Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard per square inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021    249 
Degree Day Normals:  Simple arithmetic averages of monthly or annual degree days over a long period of time 
(usually the 30‐year period 1961–1990).  The averages may be simple degree day normals or population‐weighted 
degree day normals. 
Degree Days, Cooling (CDD):  A measure of how warm a location is over a period of time relative to a base 
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees Fahrenheit.  The measure is computed for each day by 
subtracting the base temperature (65 degrees) from the average of the day’s high and low temperatures, with 
negative values set equal to zero.  Each day’s cooling degree days are summed to create a cooling degree day 
measure for a specified reference period. Cooling degree days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of air 
conditioning energy requirements or use. 
Degree Days, Heating (HDD):  A measure of how cold a location is over a period of time relative to a base 
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees Fahrenheit.  The measure is computed for each day by 
subtracting the average of the day’s high and low temperatures from the base temperature (65 degrees), with 
negative values set equal to zero.  Each day’s heating degree days are summed to create a heating degree day 
measure for a specified reference period.  Heating degree days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of space 
heating energy requirements or use. 
Degree Days, Population‐weighted:  Heating or cooling degree days weighted by the population of the area in which 
the degree days are recorded.  To compute state population‐weighted degree days, each state is divided into from 
one to nine climatically homogeneous divisions, which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of 
the division to the total population of the state.  Degree day readings for each division are multiplied by the 
corresponding population weight for each division and those products are then summed to arrive at the state 
population‐weighted degree day figure.  To compute national population‐weighted degree days, the nation is divided 
into nine Census regions, each comprising from three to eight states, which are assigned weights based on the ratio 
of the population of the region to the total population of the nation.  Degree day readings for each region are 
multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those products are then summed to    arrive 
at the national population‐weighted degree day figure. 
Denaturant:  Petroleum, typically natural gasoline or conventional motor gasoline, added to fuel ethanol to make it 
unfit for human consumption.  Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, 
by adding 2 to 5 volume percent denaturant.  See Fuel ethanol and Fuel ethanol minus denaturant. 
Densified biomass fuel:  Raw biomass, primarily wood, that has been condensed into a homogenously sized, energy‐ 
dense product, such as wood pellets, intended for use as fuel.  It is mainly used for residential and commercial space 
heating and electricity generation. 
Design electrical rating, net:  The nominal net electrical output of a nuclear unit as specified by the electric utility for the 
purpose of plant design. 
Development well:  A well drilled within the proved area of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon 
known to be productive. 
Diesel fuel:  A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils obtained in petroleum refining operation or blends of such distillate 
fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor vehicles.  The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels 
than for gasoline. 
Direct use:  Use of electricity that (1) is self‐generated, (2) is produced by either the same entity that consumes the 
power or an affiliate, and (3) is used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the same facility or 
group of facilities that house the generating equipment.  Direct use is exclusive of station use. 
Distillate fuel oil:  A general classification for one of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation 
operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel oils.  Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on‐ 
highway diesel engines, such as those in trucks and automobiles, as well as off‐highway engines, such as those in 
railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery.  Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily 
for space heating and electricity generation. 
 
250  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 Dry hole:  An exploratory or development well found to be incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient 
quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well. 
Dry natural gas production:  See Natural gas (dry) production. 
E85:  A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent motor gasoline. 
Electric power plant:  A station containing prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting 
mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy. 
Electric power sector:  An energy‐consuming sector that consists of electricity‐only and combined‐heat‐and‐power (CHP) 
plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public‐i.e., North American Industry 
Classification System 22 plants.  See also Combined heat and power (CHP) plant, Electricity‐only plant, Electric utility, 
and Independent power producer. 
Electric utility:  Any entity that generates, transmits, or distributes electricity and recovers the cost of its generation, 
transmission or distribution assets and operations, either directly or indirectly, through cost‐based rates set by a separate 
regulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service Commission), or is owned by a governmental unit or the consumers that 
the entity serves.  Examples of these entities include: investor‐owned entities, public power districts, public utility 
districts, municipalities, rural electric cooperatives, and state and federal agencies.  Electric utilities may have Federal 
Energy Regulatory Commission approval for interconnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs covering either 
cost‐of‐service and/or market‐based rates under the authority of the Federal Power Act.  See Electric power sector. 
Electrical system energy losses:  The amount of energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of 
electricity, including plant and unaccounted‐for uses. 
Electricity:  A form of energy characterized by the presence and motion of elementary charged particles generated by 
friction, induction, or chemical change. 
Electricity generation:  The process of producing electric energy, or the amount of electric energy produced by 
transforming other forms of energy, commonly expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh). 
Electricity generation, gross:  The total amount of electric energy produced by generating units and measured at the 
generating terminal in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh). 
Electricity generation, net:  The amount of gross electricity generation less station use (the electric energy consumed at 
the generating station(s) for station service or auxiliaries).  Note:  Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric 
pumped‐storage plants is regarded as electricity for station service and is deducted from gross generation. 
Electricity only plant:  A plant designed to produce electricity only.  See also Combined heat and power (CHP) plant. 
Electricity retail sales:  The amount of electricity sold to customers purchasing electricity for their own use and not for 
resale. 
End use sectors:  The residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors of the economy. 
Energy:  The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of 
this capability to motion (kinetic energy).  Energy has several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be 
changed to another form useful for work.  Most of the world’s convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that are 
burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish 
tasks.  Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured in British thermal 
units. 
Energy consumption:  The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing process. 
Energy service provider:  An energy entity that provides service to a retail or end‐use customer. 
Energy use sectors: A group of major energy‐consuming components of U.S. society developed to measure and analyze 
energy use.  The sectors most commonly referred to in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and 
electric power. 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021    251 
Ethane (C2H6):  A straight‐chain saturated (paraffinic) hydrocarbon extracted predominantly from the natural gas 
stream, which is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure.  It is a colorless gas that boils at a temperature of ‐127 
degrees Fahrenheit.  See Paraffinic hydrocarbons. 
Ethanol (C2H5OH):  A clear, colorless, flammable alcohol.  Ethanol is typically produced biologically from 
biomass feedstocks such as agricultural crops and cellulosic residues from agricultural crops or wood.  Ethanol 
can also be produced chemically from ethylene.  See Biomass, Fuel ethanol, and Fuel ethanol minus 
denaturant. 
Ether:  A generic term applied to a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, 
characterized by an oxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether). 
Ethylene (C2H4):  An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery or petrochemical processes, which is gaseous at 
standard temperature and pressure.  Ethylene is used as a petrochemical feedstock for many chemical applications and 
the production of consumer goods.  See Olefinic hydrocarbons (olefins). 
Exploratory well:  A well drilled to find and produce oil or gas in an area previously considered an unproductive area, 
to find a new reservoir in a known field (i.e., one previously found to be producing oil or gas in another reservoir), or to 
extend the limit of a known oil or gas reservoir. 
Exports:  Shipments of goods from within the 50 states and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories 
or to foreign countries. 
Federal Energy Administration (FEA):  A predecessor of the U.S. Energy Information Administration. 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC):  The Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, 
wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline certification. 
FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the U.S. Department of Energy and is the successor to the Federal 
Power Commission. 
Federal Power Commission (FPC):  The predecessor agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal 
Power Commission was created by an Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920.  It was 
charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries.  It was abolished on September 30, 1977, 
when the U.S. Department of Energy was created.  Its functions were divided between the U.S. Department of Energy and 
the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency. 
First purchase price:  The price for domestic crude oil reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first time it is 
removed from the lease boundary. 
Flared natural gas:  Natural gas burned in flares on the base site or at gas processing plants. 
F.O.B. (free on board):  A sales transaction in which the seller makes the product available for pick up at a specified port 
or terminal at a specified price and the buyer pays for the subsequent transportation and insurance. 
Footage drilled:  Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for any specified period, includes (1) the 
deepest total depth (length of well bores) of all wells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed footage 
drilled in connection with reported wells, and (3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrack wells.  Footage 
reported for directional sidetrack wells does not include footage in the common bore, which is reported as footage for 
the original well.  In the case of old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that which was drilled below the total 
depth of the old well. 
Former U.S.S.R.:  See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). 
Fossil fuel:  An energy source formed in the Earth’s crust from decayed organic material, such as petroleum, coal, and 
natural gas. 
Fossil fueled steam electric power plant:  An electricity generation plant in which the prime mover is a turbine rotated 
by high‐pressure steam produced in a boiler by heat from burning fossil fuels. 
 
252  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 Fuel ethanol:  Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol in the United States must be anhydrous (less than 1 percent 
water).  Fuel ethanol is denatured (made unfit for human consumption), usually prior to transport from the ethanol 
production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent petroleum, typically natural gasoline or conventional motor 
gasoline.  Fuel ethanol is used principally for blending in low concentrations with motor gasoline as an oxygenate or 
octane enhancer.  In high concentrations, it is used to fuel alternative‐fuel vehicles specially designed for its use.  See 
Alternative‐fuel vehicle, Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel ethanol minus denaturant, and Oxygenates. 
Fuel ethanol minus denaturant:  An unobserved quantity of anhydrous, biomass‐derived, undenatured ethanol for 
fuel use.  The quantity is obtained by subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume.  Fuel 
ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable energy, while denaturant is counted as nonrenewable fuel.  See    
Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel ethanol, Nonrenewable fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable energy. 
Full power operation:  Operation of a nuclear generating unit at 100 percent of its design capacity.  Full‐power 
operation precedes commercial operation. 
Gasohol:  A blend of finished motor gasoline containing alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a 
concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent by volume.  See Motor gasoline, oxygenated. 
Gas well:  A well completed for production of natural gas from one or more gas zones or reservoirs. Such wells contain 
no completions for the production of crude oil. 
Geothermal energy:  Hot water or steam extracted from geothermal reservoirs in the earth’s crust and used for 
geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricity generation. 
Global warming:  An increase in the near‐surface temperature of the Earth. Global warming has occurred in the 
distant past as the result of natural influences, but the term is today most often used to refer to the warming some 
scientists predict will occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.  See Climate 
change. 
Global warming potential (GWP):  An index used to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without 
directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations.  GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative 
forcing that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one 
kilogram of carbon dioxide over a fixed period of time, such as 100 years. 
Greenhouse gases:  Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons 
(HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short‐wave) radiation but opaque 
to long‐wave (infrared) radiation, thus preventing long‐wave radiant energy from leaving Earth's atmosphere.  The net 
effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation and a tendency to warm the planet's surface. 
Gross domestic product (GDP):  The total value of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the 
United States.  As long as the labor and property are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and, 
for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries. 
GT/IC:  Gas turbine and internal combustion plants. 
Heat content:    The amount of heat energy available to be released by the transformation or use of a specified physical 
unit of an energy form (e.g., a ton of coal, a barrel of oil, a kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas, or a 
pound of steam).  The amount of heat energy is commonly expressed in British thermal units (Btu).  Note:  Heat 
content of combustible energy forms can be expressed in terms of either gross heat content (higher or upper heating 
value) or net heat content (lower heating value), depending upon whether or not the available heat energy includes or 
excludes the energy used to vaporize water (contained in the original energy form or created during the combustion 
process).  The U.S. Energy Information Administration typically uses gross heat content values. 
Heat rate:  A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated as Btu per kilowatthour.  Note:  Heat 
rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat rates, depending whether the electricity output is gross or net 
generation.  Heat rates are typically expressed as net heat rates. 
 

  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021    253 
Hydrocarbon:  An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in the gaseous, liquid, or solid phase.  The 
molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds varies from the simplest (methane, the primary constituent of natural 
gas) to the very heavy and very complex. 
Hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGL):  A group of hydrocarbons including ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and 
natural gasoline, and their associated olefins, including ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene.  As marketed 
products, HGL represents all natural gas liquids (NGL) and olefins.  EIA reports production of HGL from refineries 
(liquefied refinery gases, or LRG) and natural gas plants (natural gas plant liquids, or NGPL).  Excludes liquefied 
natural gas (LNG).  See Olefinic hydrocarbons (olefins). 
Hydroelectric power:  The production of electricity from the kinetic energy of falling water. 
Hydroelectric power plant:  A plant in which the turbine generators are driven by falling water. 
Hydroelectric pumped storage:  Hydroelectricity that is generated during peak load periods by using water previously 
pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during off‐peak periods when excess generating capacity is available to do 
so.  When additional generating capacity is needed, the water can be released from the reservoir through a conduit to 
turbine generators located in a power plant at a lower level. 
Hydrogen (H):  The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs chiefly in combination with oxygen in water. It also exists 
in acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other hydrocarbons. 
Imports:  Receipts of goods into the 50 states and the District of Columbia from U.S. possessions and territories or from 
foreign countries. 
Independent power producer:  A corporation, person, agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that 
owns or operates facilities for the generation of electricity for use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric 
utility. 
Industrial sector:  An energy‐consuming sector that consists of all facilities and equipment used for producing, 
processing, or assembling goods.  The industrial sector encompasses the following types of activity:  manufacturing 
(NAICS codes 31‐33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11); mining, including oil and gas extraction 
(NAICS code 21); and construction (NAICS code 23).  Overall energy use in this sector is largely for process heat and 
cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting.  Fossil 
fuels are also used as raw material inputs to manufactured products.  Note:  This sector includes generators that 
produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the above‐mentioned industrial activities.  See 
End use sectors and Energy use sectors. 
Injections (natural gas):  Natural gas injected into storage reservoirs. 
Isobutane (C4H10):  A branch‐chain saturated (paraffinic) hydrocarbon extracted from both natural gas and refinery gas 
streams, which is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure.  It is a colorless gas that boils at a temperature of 11 
degrees Fahrenheit.  See Paraffinic hydrocarbons. 
Isobutylene (C4H8):  A branch‐chain olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery or petrochemical processes, which is 
gaseous at standard temperature and pressure.  Isobutylene is used in the production of gasoline and various 
petrochemical products.  See Olefinic hydrocarbons (olefins). 
Isopentane (C5H12):    A saturated branched‐chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or 
isomerization of normal pentane. 
Jet fuel:  A refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft engines.  See Jet fuel, Kerosene‐type, and Jet fuel, Naphtha‐ 
type. 
Jet fuel, kerosene‐type:  A kerosene‐based product having a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees 
Fahrenheit at the 10‐percent recovery point and a final maximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and meeting 
ASTM Specification D 1655 and Military Specifications MIL‐T‐5624P and MIL‐T‐83133D (Grades JP‐5 and JP‐8).  It is used 
for commercial and military turbo jet and turbo prop aircraft engines. 
 
254  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 Jet fuel, naphtha‐type:  A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range having an average gravity of 52.8 degrees API, 20% to 
90% distillation temperatures of 290 degrees to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification MIL‐T‐5624L 
(Grade JP‐4).  It is used primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines because it has a lower freeze point 
than other aviation fuels and meets engine requirements at high altitudes and speeds. 
Kerosene:  A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters and is suitable for 
use as a light source when burned in wick‐fed lamps.  Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees 
Fahrenheit at the 10‐percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit, and a minimum flash point 
of 100 degrees Fahrenheit.  Included are No. 1‐K and No. 2‐K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specification D 3699 
as well as all other grades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. 
See Jet fuel, kerosene‐type. 
Kilowatt:  A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts. 
Kilowatthour (kWh):  A measure of electricity defined as a unit of work or energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) 
of power expended for 1 hour.  One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 Btu.  See Watthour. 
Landed costs:  The dollar‐per‐barrel price of crude oil at the port of discharge.  Included are the charges associated with 
the purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from the purchase point to the port of discharge.  Not included are 
charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage charges). 
Lease and plant fuel:  Natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations (such as gas used in drilling operations, 
heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plants. 
Lease condensate:  Light liquid hydrocarbons recovered from lease separators or field facilities at associated and non‐ 
associated natural gas wells.  Mostly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons. Normally enters the crude oil stream after 
production. 
Lignite:  The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steam‐electric 
power generation.  It is brownish‐black and has a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. 
The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral‐matter‐free basis.  The 
heat content of lignite consumed in the United States averages 13 million Btu per short ton, on the as‐received basis 
(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). 
Liquefied natural gas (LNG):  Natural gas (primarily methane) that has been liquefied by reducing its temperature to ‐260 
degrees Fahrenheit at atmospheric pressure. 
Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG):  A group of hydrocarbon gases, primarily propane, normal butane, and isobutane, 
derived from crude oil refining or natural gas processing.  These gases may be marketed individually or mixed.  They can 
be liquefied through pressurization (without requiring cryogenic refrigeration) for convenience of transportation or 
storage.  Excludes ethane and olefins.  Note:  In some EIA publications, LPG includes ethane and marketed refinery olefin 
streams, in accordance with definitions used prior to January 2014. 
Liquefied refinery gases (LRG):  Hydrocarbon gas liquids produced in refineries from processing of crude oil and 
unfinished oils.  They are retained in the liquid state through pressurization and/or refrigeration.  The reported 
categories include ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, 
and isobutylene). 
Low power testing:  The period of time between a nuclear generating unit’s initial fuel loading date and the issuance of 
its operating (full‐power) license.  The maximum level of operation during that period is 5 percent of the unit’s design 
thermal rating. 
Lubricants:  Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces or as process materials either incorporated into 
other materials used as processing aids in the manufacturing of other products or as carriers of other materials.  
Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from distillates or residues.  Other substances may be added to impart or 
improve certain required properties.  Excluded are byproducts of lubricating oil refining, such as aromatic extracts derived 
from solvent extraction or tars derived from deasphalting.  Included are all grades of lubricating oils from spindle oil to 
cylinder oil and those used in greases.  Lubricant categories are paraffinic and naphthenic. 

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Marketed production (natural gas):  See Natural gas marketed production. 
Methane (CH4):  A colorless, flammable, odorless hydrocarbon gas which is the major component of natural gas. It is 
also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial processes.  Methane is a greenhouse gas.  See Greenhouse 
gases. 
Methanol (CH3OH):  A light, volatile alcohol eligible for gasoline blending.  See Motor gasoline blending and Oxygenates. 
Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) ((CH3)3COCH3):  An ether intended for gasoline blending.  See Motor gasoline 
blending and Oxygenates. 
Miscellaneous petroleum products:  All finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere—for example, 
petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromatic extracts and tars), absorption oils, ram‐jet fuel, petroleum rocket 
fuels, synthetic natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils. 
Motor gasoline blending components:  Naphtha (e.g., straight‐run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, 
xylene) used for blending or compounding into finished motor gasoline.  These components include reformulated 
gasoline blendstock (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and natural gasoline.  Note:  Oxygenates 
are reported as individual components and are included in the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogens, and oxygenates. 
Motor gasoline, conventional:  Finished motor gasoline not included in the oxygenated or reformulated motor 
gasoline categories.  Note:  This category excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as 
well as other blendstock.  Conventional motor gasoline can be leaded or unleaded; regular, midgrade, or premium.  See 
Motor gasoline grades. 
Motor gasoline (finished):  A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of 
additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in spark‐ignition engines.  Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM 
Specification D 4814 or Federal Specification VV‐G‐1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of 122 to 158 
degrees Fahrenheit at the 10 percent recovery point to 365 to 374 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90 percent recovery point. 
Motor gasoline includes conventional gasoline; all types of oxygenated gasoline, including gasohol; and reformulated 
gasoline, but excludes aviation gasoline.  Note:  Volumetric data on blending components, such as oxygenates, are not 
counted in data on finished motor gasoline until the blending components are blended into the gasoline.  See Motor 
gasoline, conventional; Motor gasoline, oxygenated; and Motor gasoline, reformulated. 
Motor gasoline grades:  The classification of gasoline by octane ratings.  Each type of gasoline (conventional, 
oxygenated, and reformulated) is classified by three grades: regular, midgrade, and premium.  Note:  Gasoline sales    
are reported by grade in accordance with their classification at the time of sale.  In general, automotive octane 
requirements are lower at high altitudes.  Therefore, in some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky Mountain 
States, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be 2 or more octane points lower. 
Regular Gasoline:  Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating, greater than or equal to 85 and 
less than 88.  Note:  Octane requirements may vary by altitude.  See Motor gasoline grades. 
Midgrade Gasoline:  Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less 
than or equal to 90.  Note:  Octane requirements may vary by altitude.  See Motor gasoline grades. 
Premium Gasoline:  Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating, greater than 90.  Note:  Octane 
requirements may vary by altitude.  See Motor gasoline grades. 
Motor gasoline, oxygenated:  Finished motor gasoline, other than reformulated gasoline, having an oxygen content 
of 2.7 percent or higher by weight and required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be sold in     
areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas.  Note:  Oxygenated gasoline excludes 
oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG) and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate 
blending (RBOB).  Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent oxygen, by weight, and is intended for sale inside CO 
nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated gasoline.  Other data on gasohol are included in data on 
conventional gasoline. 
Motor gasoline, reformulated:  Finished motor gasoline formulated for use in motor vehicles, the composition and 
properties of which meet the requirements of the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. 
256  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 Environmental Protection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean Air Act.  Note:  This category includes oxygenated 
fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG) but excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending 
(RBOB). 
Motor gasoline retail prices:  Motor gasoline prices calculated each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in 
conjunction with the construction of the Consumer Price Index (CPI).  Those prices are collected in 85 urban areas 
selected to represent all urban consumers‐about 80 percent of the total U.S. population.  The service stations are 
selected initially, and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI 
population.  Service stations in the current sample include those providing all types of service (i.e., full‐, mini‐, and self‐ 
service). 
Motor gasoline (total):  For stock level data, a sum including finished motor gasoline stocks plus stocks of motor 
gasoline blending components but excluding stocks of oxygenates. 
MTBE:  See Methyl tertiary butyl ether. 
NAICS (North American Industry Classification System):  A coding system developed jointly by the United States, 
Canada, and Mexico to classify businesses and industries according to the type of economic activity in which they are 
engaged.  NAICS replaces the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes.  For additional information on NAICS, go to 
http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/. 
Naphtha:  A generic term applied to a refined or partially refined petroleum fraction with an approximate boiling 
range between 122 degrees and 400 degrees Fahrenheit. 
Natural Gas:  A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, primarily methane, used as a fuel for electricity generation 
and in a variety of ways in buildings, and as raw material input and fuel for industrial processes. 
Natural gas, dry:  Natural gas which remains after:  (1) the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed from the 
gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/or plant separation); and (2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have 
been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable.  Note:  Dry natural gas is also 
known as consumer‐grade natural gas.  The parameters for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 
14.73 pounds per square inch absolute. 
Natural gas (dry) production:  The process of producing consumer‐grade natural gas.  Natural gas withdrawn from 
reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production (lease) site and by processing losses.  Volumes used at the 
production site include (1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and 
conservation operations; and (2) vented natural gas and flared natural gas.  Processing losses include (1) 
nonhydrocarbon gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the 
gas stream; and (2) gas converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate and natural gas plant liquids.  Volumes of 
dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not considered part of production.  Dry natural gas production 
equals natural gas marketed production less natural gas plant liquids production. 
Natural gas liquids (NGL):  A group of hydrocarbons including ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and natural 
gasoline.  Generally include natural gas plant liquids and all liquefied refinery gases except olefins. See Paraffinic 
hydrocarbons. 
Natural gas marketed production:  Gross withdrawals of natural gas from production reservoirs, less gas used for 
reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gases removed in treating and processing operations; and quantities of 
vented natural gas and flared natural gas. 
Natural gas plant liquids (NGPL):  Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that are separated as liquids at natural gas 
processing, fractionating, and cycling plants.  Products obtained include ethane, liquefied petroleum gases 
(propane, normal butane and isobutane), and natural gasoline.  Component products may be fractionated or 
mixed.  Lease condensate and plant condensate are excluded.  Note:  Some EIA publications categorize NGPL 
production as field production, in accordance with definitions used prior to January 2014. 
Natural gas wellhead price:  The wellhead price of natural gas is calculated by dividing the total reported value at the 
wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by the appropriate agencies of individual producing states and 
the U.S. Minerals Management Service.  The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease, including 
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021    257 
gathering and compression costs, in addition to state production, severance, and similar charges. 
Natural gasoline:  A commodity product commonly traded in natural gas liquids (NGL) markets that comprises liquid 
hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and hexanes) and generally remains liquid at ambient temperatures and atmospheric 
pressure. Natural gasoline is equivalent to pentanes plus. 
Net summer capacity:  The maximum output, commonly expressed in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW), that 
generating equipment can supply to system load, as demonstrated by a multi‐hour test, at the time of summer peak 
demand (period of June 1 through September 30).  This output reflects a reduction in capacity due to electricity use for 
station service or auxiliaries. 
Neutral zone:  A 6,200 square‐mile area shared equally between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia under a 1992 agreement. 
The Neutral zone contains an estimated 5 billion barrels of oil and 8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. 
Nominal dollars:  A measure used to express nominal price. 
Nominal price:  The price paid for a product or service at the time of the transaction.  Nominal prices are those that 
have not been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they reflect buying 
power in the year in which the transaction occurred. 
Non‐biomass waste:  Material of non‐biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product.  “Non‐biomass waste” 
includes municipal solid waste from non‐biogenic sources, such as plastics, and tire‐derived fuels. 
Non‐combustion use:  Fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum products) that are not burned to release energy and 
instead used directly as construction materials, chemical, feedstocks, lubricants, solvents, waxes, and other products. 
Nonhydrocarbon gases:  Typical nonhydrocarbon gases that may be present in reservoir natural gas are carbon dioxide, 
helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen. 
Nonrenewable fuels:  Fuels that cannot be easily made or "renewed," such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal. 
Normal butane (C4H10):  A straight‐chain saturated (paraffinic) hydrocarbon extracted from both natural gas and 
refinery gas streams, which is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure.  It is a colorless gas that boils at a 
temperature of 31 degrees Fahrenheit.  See Paraffinic hydrocarbons. 
Nuclear electric power (nuclear power):  Electricity generated by the use of the thermal energy released from the 
fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor. 
Nuclear electric power plant:  A single‐unit or multiunit facility in which heat produced in one or more reactors by the 
fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive one or more steam turbines. 
Nuclear reactor:  An apparatus in which a nuclear fission chain reaction can be initiated, controlled, and sustained at a 
specific rate.  A reactor includes fuel (fissionable material), moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavy‐ 
walled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, a system to conduct heat away 
from the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring and controlling the reactor's systems. 
OECD:  See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 
Offshore:  That geographic area that lies seaward of the coastline.  In general, the coastline is the line of ordinary 
low water along with that portion of the coast that is in direct contact with the open sea or the line marking the 
seaward limit of inland water. 
Oil:  See Crude oil. 
Olefinic hydrocarbons (olefins):  Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds with the general formula CnH2n containing at 
least one carbon‐to‐carbon double‐bond.  Olefins are produced at crude oil refineries and petrochemical plants and are 
not naturally occurring constituents of oil and natural gas.  Sometimes referred to as alkenes or unsaturated 
hydrocarbons.  Excludes aromatics. 
 

258  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 Olefins:  See Olefinic hydrocarbons (olefins). 
OPEC:  See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. 
Operable unit (nuclear):  In the United States, a nuclear generating unit that has completed low‐power testing and been 
issued a full‐power operating license by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or equivalent permission to operate. 
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD):  An international organization helping governments 
tackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalized economy.  Its membership comprises about 30 
member countries.  With active relationships with some 70 other countries, non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and 
civil society, it has a global reach. For details about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org. 
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC):  An intergovernmental organization whose stated 
objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of member countries."  It was created at the Baghdad 
Conference on September 10–14, 1960. Current and former members (with years of membership) include Algeria 
(1969 forward), Angola (2007 forward), Congo‐Brazzaville (2018 forward), Ecuador (1973–1992 and 2007–2019), 
Equatorial Guinea (2017 forward), Gabon (1974–1994 and 2016 forward), Indonesia (1962–2008 and 2016), Iran (1960 
forward), Iraq (1960 forward), Kuwait (1960 forward), Libya (1962 forward), Nigeria (1971 forward), Qatar (1961–
2018), Saudi Arabia (1960 forward), United Arab Emirates (1967 forward), and Venezuela (1960 forward). 
Other biofuels:  Fuels and fuel blending components, except biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, and fuel ethanol, 
produced from renewable biomass. 
Other energy losses:  Energy losses throughout the energy system as they are consumed, usually in the form of heat, that 
are not separately identified by U.S. Energy Information Administration. Examples include heat lost in the process of 
burning motor gasoline to move vehicles or in electricity used to power a lightbulb. 
Other hydrocarbons:  Materials received by a refinery and consumed as a raw material. Includes hydrogen, coal tar 
derivatives, gilsonite.  Excludes natural gas used for fuel or hydrogen feedstock. 
Oxygenates:  Substances which, when added to gasoline, increase the amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend.  Ethanol, 
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE), and methanol are common oxygenates. 
PAD Districts or PADD:  Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts.  Geographic aggregations of the 50 states and the 
District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950.  The districts were originally 
instituted for economic and geographic reasons as Petroleum Administration for War (PAW) Districts, which were 
established in 1942. 
Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD):  The 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia are divided into 
five districts, with PADD 1 further split into three subdistricts. PADDs 6 and 7 encompass U.S. territories. The PADDs 
include the states and territories listed below: 
PADD 1 (East Coast). 
PADD 1A (New England): Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. 
PADD 1B (Central Atlantic): Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. 
PADD 1C (Lower Atlantic): Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. 
PADD 2 (Midwest): Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, 
     Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. 
PADD 3 (Gulf Coast): Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Texas. 
PADD 4 (Rocky Mountain): Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming. 
PADD 5 (West Coast): Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. 
PADD 6: U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. 
PADD 7: Guam, American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands Territory. 
Paraffinic hydrocarbons:  Saturated hydrocarbon compounds with the general formula CnH2n+2 containing only single 
bonds.  Sometimes referred to as alkanes or natural gas liquids. 
Pentanes plus:  A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes and heavier, extracted from natural gas in a gas 
processing plant.  Pentanes plus is equivalent to natural gasoline. 
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021    259 
Petrochemical feedstocks:  Chemical feedstocks derived from refined or partially refined petroleum fractions, principally 
for use in the manufacturing of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics. 
Petroleum:  A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures.  Included are crude oil, lease condensate, 
unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.  Note:  
Volumes of finished petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon compounds, such as additives and detergents, after 
they have been blended into the products. 
Petroleum coke:  A residue high in carbon content and low in hydrogen that is the final product of thermal 
decomposition in the condensation process in cracking.  This product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst 
coke.  The conversion is 5 barrels (of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton.  See Petroleum coke, Catalyst and 
Petroleum coke, marketable. 
Petroleum coke, catalyst:  The carbonaceous residue that is deposited on the catalyst used in many catalytic operations 
(e.g., catalytic cracking).  Carbon is deposited on the catalyst, thus deactivating the catalyst.  The catalyst is reactivated  
by burning off the carbon producing heat and carbon dioxide (CO2).  The carbonaceous residue is not recoverable as a 
product.  See Petroleum coke. 
Petroleum coke, marketable:  Those grades of coke produced in delayed or fluid cokers that may be recovered as 
relatively pure carbon.  Marketable petroleum coke may be sold as is or further purified by calcining. See Petroleum 
coke. 
Petroleum consumption:  See Products supplied (petroleum). 
Petroleum imports:  Imports of petroleum into the 50 states and the District of Columbia from foreign countries and 
from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. territories and possessions.  Included are imports for the 
Strategic Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded warehouses for onshore consumption, offshore bunker 
use, and military use.  Excluded are receipts of foreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories 
and U.S. Foreign Trade Zones. 
Petroleum products:  Products obtained from the processing of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and 
other hydrocarbon compounds.  Petroleum products include unfinished oils, hydrocarbon gas liquids, aviation gasoline, 
motor gasoline, naphtha‐type jet fuel, kerosene‐type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical 
feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous products. 
Petroleum stocks, primary:  For individual products, quantities that are held at refineries, in pipelines, and at bulk 
terminals that have a capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit thereto.  Stocks held by product retailers 
and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the point of consumption, are excluded.  Stocks of individual products 
held at gas processing plants are excluded from individual product estimates but are included in other oils estimates 
and total. 
Pipeline fuel:  Gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors. 
Plant condensate:  Liquid hydrocarbons recovered at inlet separators or scrubbers in natural gas processing plants at 
atmospheric pressure and ambient temperatures.  Mostly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons. 
Primary energy:  Energy in the form that it is first accounted for in a statistical energy balance, before any 
transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of energy.  For example, coal can be converted to synthetic gas, which 
can be converted to electricity; in this example, coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is secondary energy, and electricity 
is tertiary energy.  See Primary energy production and Primary energy consumption. 
Primary energy consumption:  Consumption of primary energy.  The U.S. Energy Information Administration includes 
the following in U.S. primary energy consumption:  coal consumption; coal coke net imports; petroleum consumption 
(petroleum products supplied); dry natural gas—excluding supplemental gaseous fuels—consumption; nuclear 
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional hydroelectricity net 
generation (converted to Btu using the average heat rate of fossil‐fuel fired plants); geothermal electricity net 
generation (converted to Btu using the average annual heat rate of fossil‐fueled fired plants ), geothermal heat pump 
energy and geothermal direct‐use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu 
260  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 using the average annual heat rate of fossil‐fueled fired plants), and solar thermal direct‐use energy; wind electricity net 
generation (converted to Btu using the average annual heat rate of fossil‐fueled fired plants); wood and wood‐derived 
fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; fuel ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, and other biofuels 
consumption; losses and co‐products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports 
(converted to Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). Primary energy consumption 
includes all non‐combustion use of fossil fuels. Primary energy consumption also includes other energy losses 
throughout the energy system. See Total energy consumption. Energy sources produced from other energy sources—
e.g. Coal coke from coal—are included in primary energy consumption only if their energy content has not already been 
included as part of the original energy source.  As a result, U.S. primary energy consumption does include net imports of 
coal coke, but it does not include the coal coke produced from domestic coal. 
Primary energy production: Production of primary energy. The U.S. Energy Information Administration includes the 
following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil 
and lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural gas—excluding supplemental 
gaseous fuels— production; nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); 
conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil‐fueled plants heat rate); geothermal 
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil‐fueled plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy 
and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the 
fossil‐fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu 
using the fossil‐fueled plants heat rate); wood and wood‐derived fuels production; biomass waste consumption; and 
fuel ethanol and biodiesel feedstock; and renewable diesel fuel and other biofuels production. 
Prime mover:  The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine that drives an electric generator; or, for reporting 
purposes, a device that converts energy to electricity directly. 
Product supplied (petroleum):  Approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it measures 
the disappearance of these products from primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas‐processing plants, blending 
plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals.  In general, product supplied of each product in any given period is computed as 
follows:  field production, plus refinery production, plus imports, plus unaccounted‐for crude oil (plus net receipts   
when calculated on a PAD District basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery inputs, and minus 
exports. 
Propane (C3H8):  A straight‐chain saturated (paraffinic) hydrocarbon extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams, 
which is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure.  It is a colorless gas that boils at a temperature of ‐44 degrees 
Fahrenheit.  It includes all products designated in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association 
specifications for commercial (HD‐5) propane. See Paraffinic hydrocarbons. 
Propylene (C3H6):  An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery or petrochemical processes, which is gaseous at 
standard temperature and pressure.  Propylene is an important petrochemical feedstock.  See Olefinic hydrocarbons 
(olefins). 
Real dollars:  These are dollars that have been adjusted for inflation. 
Real price:  A price that has been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.  Real 
prices, which are expressed in constant dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base year. 
Refiner acquisition cost of crude oil:  The cost of crude oil to the refiner, including transportation and fees.  The 
composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and imported crude oil costs. 
Refinery and blender net inputs:  Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blending components processed at refineries, or 
blended at refineries or petroleum storage terminals to produce finished petroleum products.  Included are gross inputs 
of crude oil, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen, oxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol), and 
renewable fuels (including fuel ethanol).  Also included are net inputs of unfinished oils, motor gasoline blending 
components, and aviation gasoline blending components.  Net inputs are calculated as gross inputs minus gross 
production. Negative net inputs indicate gross inputs are less than gross production.  Examples of negative net inputs 
include reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) produced at refineries for shipment to  
 
  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021    261 
blending terminals, and unfinished oils produced and added to inventory in advance of scheduled maintenance of a 
refinery crude oil distillation unit. 
Refinery and blender net production:  Liquefied refinery gases, and finished petroleum products produced at a refinery 
or petroleum storage terminal blending facility.  Net production equals gross production minus gross inputs.  Negative 
net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for a finished petroleum product. Examples of 
negative net production include reclassification of one finished product to another finished product, or reclassification of 
a finished product to unfinished oils or blending components. 
Refinery gas:  Still gas consumed as refinery fuel. 
Refinery (petroleum):  An installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils, 
natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol. 
Refuse mine:  A surface site where coal is recovered from previously mined coal.  It may also be known as a silt bank, 
culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation. 
Refuse recovery:  The recapture of coal from a refuse mine or the coal recaptured by that process.  The resulting 
product has been cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials. 
Renewable diesel fuel:  Diesel fuel and diesel fuel blending components produced from renewable sources that are 
coprocessed with petroleum feedstocks and meet requirements of advanced biofuels. See Biomass‐based diesel fuel. 
Renewable energy:  Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, the fossil 
fuels, of which there is a finite supply).  Renewable sources of energy include conventional hydroelectric power, 
biomass, geothermal, solar, and wind. 
Renewable fuels except fuel ethanol:  See Biodiesel, Other biofuels, and Renewable diesel fuel. 
Repressuring:  The injection of a pressurized fluid (such as air, gas, or water) into oil and gas reservoir formations to 
effect greater ultimate recovery. 
Residential sector:  An energy‐consuming sector that consists of living quarters for private households.  Common uses 
of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, and lighting, refrigeration, 
cooking, and running a variety of other appliances.  The residential sector excludes institutional living quarters.  See 
End‐use sectors and Energy‐use sectors. 
Residual fuel oil:   A general classification for the heavier oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, that remain after     
the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in refinery operations.  It conforms to ASTM 
Specifications D 396 and D 975 and Federal Specification VV‐F‐815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity, is  
also known as Navy Special and is defined in Military Specification  MIL‐F‐859E,  including  Amendment 2  (NATO 
Symbol F‐770).  It is used in steam‐powered vessels in government service and inshore power plants.  No. 6 fuel oil 
includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for the production of electric power, space heating, vessel bunkering, and   
various industrial purposes. 
Road oil:  Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual asphaltic oil used as a dust palliative and surface treatment on 
roads and highways.  It is generally produced in six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous. 
Rotary rig:  A machine used for drilling wells that employs a rotating tube attached to a bit for boring holes through 
rock. 
Short ton (coal):  A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. 
SIC (Standard Industrial Classification):  A set of codes developed by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget which 
categorizes industries into groups with similar economic activities.  Replaced by NAICS (North American Industry 
Classification System). 
Small‐scale:  Generators at a site that has a total generating nameplate capacity of less than 1 megawatt (MW). 
Solar energy:  See Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy and Solar thermal energy. 

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 Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy:  Energy, radiated by the sun that is converted into direct‐current electricity by solar 
photovoltaic cells.  Examples of solar PV technologies include solar panels on residential and commercial rooftops 
(generally small‐scale solar PV energy) and mirrors or dishes that concentrate solar rays onto solar PV panels 
(concentrating PV or CPV).  Utility‐scale solar PV electric generation typically relies on installations of solar PV panels 
on or near the ground (solar farms). 
Solar thermal energy:  Energy, radiated by the sun that is converted into electricity or heat by means of solar 
concentrating collectors.  Examples of solar thermal energy technologies include pool heaters, dark water bladders, or 
thermal panels (generally small‐scale solar thermal energy).  Utility‐scale solar thermal electric generation typically 
relies on a large array of mirrors to heat fluids and turn a turbine, which generates electricity. 
Special naphthas:  All finished products within the naphtha boiling range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or 
solvents.  These products are refined to a specified flash point.  Special naphthas include all commercial hexane and 
cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specification D1836 and D484, respectively.  Naphthas to be blended or 
marketed as motor gasoline or aviation gasoline, or that are to be used as petrochemical and synthetic natural gas 
(SNG) feedstocks are excluded. 
Station use:  Energy that is used to operate an electric power plant.  It includes energy consumed for plant lighting, 
power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless of whether the energy is produced at the plant or comes from another 
source. 
Steam coal:  All nonmetallurgical coal. 
Steam‐electric power plant:  A plant in which the prime mover is a steam turbine.  The steam used to drive the turbine is 
produced in a boiler where fossil fuels are burned. 
Still gas:  Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming, and other    
processes.  The principal constituents are methane and ethane.  May contain hydrogen and small/trace amounts of 
other gases.  Still gas is typically consumed as refinery fuel or used as petrochemical feedstock.  Still gas burned for 
refinery fuel may differ in composition from marketed still gas sold to other users.  See Refinery gas. 
Stocks:  See Coal stocks, Crude oil stocks, or Petroleum stocks, primary. 
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR):  Petroleum stocks maintained by the federal Government for use during periods of 
major supply interruption. 
Subbituminous coal:  A coal whose properties range from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and used 
primarily as fuel for steam‐electric power generation.  It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower 
end of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end.  Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 
30 percent inherent moisture by weight.  The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per 
short ton on a moist, mineral‐matter‐free basis.  The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United States 
averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the as‐received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 
matter). 
Supplemental gaseous fuels:  Synthetic natural gas, propane‐air, coke oven gas, still gas (refinery gas), biomass gas, air 
injected for Btu stabilization, and manufactured gas commingled and distributed with natural gas. 
Synthetic natural gas (SNG):  (Also referred to as substitute natural gas) A manufactured product, chemically similar in 
most respects to natural gas, resulting from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that may easily be substituted 
for or interchanged with pipeline‐quality natural gas.
Thermal conversion factor:  A factor for converting data between physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, 
or short tons) and thermal units of measure (such as British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for converting data 
between different thermal units of measure.  See Btu conversion factor. 
Total energy consumption:  Primary energy consumption in the end‐use sectors, plus electricity retail sales and 
electrical system energy losses.  Also includes other energy losses throughout the energy system. 
Transportation sector:  An energy‐consuming sector that consists of all vehicles whose primary purpose is transporting 

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people and/or goods from one physical location to another.  Included are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles; 
trains, subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other waterborne vehicles.  Vehicles whose 
primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., construction cranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse 
tractors and forklifts) are classified in the sector of their primary use.  See End‐use sectors and Energy‐use sectors. 
Underground storage:  The storage of natural gas in underground reservoirs at a different location from which it was 
produced. 
Unfinished oils:  All oils requiring further processing, except those requiring only mechanical blending.  Unfinished oils 
are produced by partial refining of crude oil and include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas oils, heavy 
gas oils, and residuum. 
Unfractionated streams:  Mixtures of unsegregated natural gas liquids components, excluding those in plant 
condensate.  This product is extracted from natural gas. 
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.):  A political entity that consisted of 15 constituent republics: Armenia, 
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, 
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased to exist as of December 31, 1991. 
United States:  The 50 states and the District of Columbia.  Note:  The United States has varying degrees of jurisdiction 
over a number of territories and other political entities outside the 50 states and the District of Columbia, including 
Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island, and the 
Northern Mariana Islands.  EIA data programs may include data from some or all of these areas in U.S. totals.  For   
these programs, data products will contain notes explaining the extent of geographic coverage included under the 
term "United States." 
Uranium:  A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 92).  Its two principally occurring isotopes 
are uranium‐235 and uranium‐238. Uranium‐235 is indispensable to the nuclear industry because it is the only isotope 
existing in nature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable by thermal neutrons.  Uranium238 is also important 
because it absorbs neutrons to produce a radioactive isotope that subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium‐239, 
which also is fissionable by thermal neutrons. 
Uranium concentrate:  A yellow or brown powder obtained by the milling of uranium ore, processing of in situ leach 
mining solutions, or as a byproduct of phosphoric acid production.  See Uranium oxide. 
Uranium ore:  Rock containing uranium mineralization in concentrations that can be mined economically, typically one 
to four pounds of uranium oxide (U3O8) per ton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8. 
Uranium oxide (U3O8):  Uranium concentrate or yellowcake. 
Useful thermal output:  The thermal energy made available in a combined‐heat‐and‐power system for use in any 
industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal 
energy made available for processes and applications other than electrical generation. 
U.S.S.R.:  See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). 
Utility‐scale:  Generators at a site that has a total generating nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt (MW) or more. 
Vented natural gas:  Natural gas released into the air on the production site or at processing plants. 
Vessel bunkering:  Includes sales for the fueling of commercial or private boats, such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, 
tugboats, and ocean‐going vessels, including vessels operated by oil companies.  Excluded are volumes sold to the U.S. 
Armed Forces. 
Waste:  See Biomass waste and Non‐biomass waste. 
Waste coal:  Usable material that is a byproduct of previous coal processing operations.  Waste coal is usually 
composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (mine waste).  Most waste coal is burned as‐is in unconventional fluidized‐bed 
combustors.  For some uses, waste coal may be partially cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible 
constituents.  Examples of waste coal include fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, 
264  U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2021   
 bituminous gob, and lignite waste. 
Watt (W):  The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere under a pressure of one volt.  A watt is equal to 1/746 
horsepower. 
Watthour (Wh): The electrical energy unit of measure equal to one watt of power supplied to, or taken from, an electric 
circuit steadily for one hour. 
Wax: A solid or semi‐solid material consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained or derived from petroleum fractions, or 
through a Fischer‐Tropsch type process, in which the straight‐chained paraffin series predominates. This includes all 
marketable wax, whether crude or refined, with a congealing point (ASTM D 938) between 100 and 200 degrees 
Fahrenheit and a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235) of 50 weight percent. 
Wellhead price:  The value of crude oil or natural gas at the mouth of the well. 
Wind energy: Kinetic energy present in wind motion that can be converted to mechanical energy for driving pumps, 
mills, and electric power generators. 
Wood and wood‐derived fuels: Wood and products derived from wood that are used as fuel, including round wood 
(cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust, forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad ties, utility poles, 
black liquor, red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite liquor, densified biomass (including wood pellets), and other 
wood‐ based solids and liquids. 
Working gas: The quantity of natural gas in the reservoir that is in addition to the cushion or base gas. It may or may 
not be completely withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total working 
capacity could be used more than once during any season. Volumes of working gas are reported in thousand cubic 
feet at standard temperature and pressure. 

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