NAME : NHACHI VALERIE R

REGISTRATION NUMBER : R217932X

PROGRAM COURSE : LHM101

NAME OF LECTURER : DR MBASERA

ASSIGNMENT TOPIC : DESCRIBE WITH EXAMPLES THE COMPONENS OF

THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY.

According to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (2015), tourism is a social,
cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or
places outside their usual environment for personal or business purposes. These people are
called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents).
Whereas , hospitality industry as defined by Pizam (2011:1) is an industry that is made up of
businesses that provide accommodation , food and beverage, meetings and entertainment to
tourists , travellers and the local residents. The components of the tourism and hospitality
industry are accommodation and lodgings, travel services, food and beverage services,
recreation and entertainment, country clubs , attraction and convention and event
management. The writeup below describes these points in detail.
Firstly, travel services and transportation is one of the most important sectors of the tourism
industry. This includes rail, air, road and water. Each of these segments have a significant
impact on fuel costs, government regulations, freight costs and safety concerns. For instance,
the Zimbabwean Tourism Authority (ZTA) enforced laws that are in line with the Covid 19
guidelines. The diagram below fully depicts these laws in detail.

The travel sector is also made up of a wide web of relationships amongst a variety of
suppliers, tourism products, tour operators, destination marketing organisations and travel
agents. A travel agency as said by Stephen Skripak (2016) is a business that operates as an
intermediary between the travel industry (supplier) and the traveller (purchaser). Part of the
function of the travel agency is to marketplace pre-packaged tour excursions and vacations to
potential travellers. The agency can further function as a broker between the traveller and
hotels, car rentals, and tour companies (Goeldner and Ritchie, 2003). These travel agencies
may be small and privately owned or a part of a bigger entity. A tour operator then programs
all or most of the additives of a provided trip and then sells them to the traveller. These
packages can be sold through retail outlets or travel agencies. Tour operators work closely
with hotels, transportation providers and attractions to purchase large quantities of each
component and package them at a better price than the buyer could buy individually. For
example, a package from China to visit Zimbabwe. Whereas destination marketing
organisations such as tourism associations and state offices promote long term development
and marketing of a destination with a focus on convention sales, tourism marketing and
services.
Accommodation and lodgings is another component of the hospitality industry, and according
to Wilson-Mah R (2015:75) it is made up of two services which are the provision of
overnight accommodation for people travelling away from home and option for people dining
outside their home. The type of workers and resources needed to run an accommodation
business whether it be a hotel, motel or campground are very similar. These types of
organisations want personnel to check on guests, offer housekeeping, appoint maintenance
employees and offer an area for tourists (guests) to sleep. In all instances, operators and
personnel should realise and apprehend guest’s expectations and also what drives their
loyalty and satisfaction. When the important thing which drives visitors or tourists delight is
understood, the resort can make sure that service standards, enterprise practices and rules
help personnel to deliver on those needs. For example, Chakaga and team had their training
facilitated for their organisation by Holiday Inn Bulawayo and it was handled superbly. The
staff was overall friendly, professional and personal. The young man (David) ensuring that
they had everything they needed came on time with teas and lunches and was available.
throughout the day to make sure they were well catered for. The chef also took note of their
comments and would bring food specific to any changes or suggestions made. Chakaga and
team felt listened to, catered for and their business appreciated all throughout the week as
standard of service did not change.

An important part of travel accommodation is also provided in campgrounds. The Camping

Adding on, food and beverages is one of the major component of the tourism and hospitality
industry since people eat to live. According to Briscoe P and Tripp G the food and beverage
sector grew out of simple origins; as people travelled from their homes and going about their
business often had a desire or need to drink whilst others were encouraged to meet this
demand by supplying food and drink. As the hobbies of the general public became more
diverse, so too did the services of the food and beverage sector. There are two classes which
are commercial meals provider (comprises of operations where the number one aim is food
and beverage) and non-industrial meals provider (in which meals and drinks are served
however, there are not the primary business).
The commercial meals provider varies from short carrier restaurants (quick service
restaurants), complete carrier restaurants (full service restaurants), catering and drinking
establishments. Quick service restaurants usually caters for both citizens and visitors, and it is
represented in regions which can be easily accessed by both. An example of a quick
restaurant is Chicken Inn. While the sector has made steps to move away from conventional
speedy meals image and fashion of service, meals are prepared quickly and generally
consumed quickly. With complete carrier restaurants are possibly the maximum fluid of the
meals and beverage operation types, adjusting and converting of the needs of the
marketplace. An example of complete carrier restaurant is Amanzi restaurant in Harare.
Parsa, Lord, Putrevu and Kreeger (2015) say that, “Consumer expectations are higher in
complete service restaurants than quick service restaurants”. The menus supplied are various
but reflect the image of the restaurant or clients preferred experience. Major segments consist
of first rate eating, family or casual, upscale casual and ethnic. Fine dining places are
characterised through tremendously educated cooks making complicated meals, perfectly
presented. Casual eating places serve reasonably priced to upscale meals in an extra informal
ecosystem and they frequently have a complete bar, a bigger beer menu and restrained wine
menu. Family restaurants provide a foods that interest a variety of consumer tastes. They
additionally have operational flexibility in menu and eating place format to welcome massive
institutions of diners. Ethnic eating places display the reputation of numerous ethnic foods
inside our communities.

Furthermore, recreation and entertainment is another sector of the tourism and hospitality
industry. According to Don Webster (2015) recreation can be defined as the pursuit of
leisure activities during ones spare time and can include vastly different activities such as
golfing, fishing and rock climbing. Whilst entertainment as simply enjoyment or having fun.
There are two types of recreation which are outdoor recreation or activities and indoor
recreation. These activities are categorised based on distance travelled to access the activity,
kind of environment (nature of activity and level of challenge involved) and experience
required. Outdoor activities are rock climbing, bungee jumping and white-water rafting and
indoor activities include table tennis, snooker and playing cards. All these activities entertain
guests in different ways and visitors have a wide variety of games to choose from depending
on their tastes or wanting to explore something new. For example, at Holiday Inn Harare they
outdoor pool hours from 6am to 6pm and on site children’s activities.
Convention and event management is also a key driver to the tourism and hospitality
industry. According to Owens D, convention is a large meeting of people with similar
interests who meet for a period of at least a few days to discuss their field. An event is a
gathering at a given place and time, usually of some importance, often celebrating or
commemorating a special occasion. Both conventions and events may be very complex, that
is why, over the time, the position of assembly planners has taken on an extra significance.
The improvement of education, education systems and professional designations along with
licensed meeting planners, certified special events professionals and certificate in meeting
management has caused accelerated credibility on the commercial enterprise and
demonstrates the significance of the sector to the economy. Meeting planners can be unbiased
contractors employed to facilitate the making of plans process, work directly for the
organisation full time to coordinate their meeting, or work for hotels, conference centres and
occasion venues immediately or directly. The numerous activities involved in meeting and
event planning are site inspection and selection, logistics and planning, human resource
management, security, management and evaluation, budgeting and financial management and
marketing and public relations. The tourism industry has a record of creating web website
hosting and promoting meetings and conventions that draw commercial enterprise travellers.
In fact, Convention and Visitor Bureau’s work hard to attract these meeting and conventions
to their city to drive economic benefit for hotels, entertainment venues and restaurants. There
are several types of such events and they include association meetings, corporate meetings,
trade shows and trade fairs, seminars, workshops and retreats. Association meetings or
conferences are held locally and nationally for loads of institutions or occasions targeted on
particular themes. Corporate conferences will range notably in length and purpose and
consists of shareholder conferences, sales meetings, schooling classes or celebrations. The
location will depend on the nature of the meeting. They can be held at an airport property, a
conventional company assembly facility or maybe an upscale resort. Trade shows and trade
fairs indicates stand-alone event or adjoin a conference or convention. As assembly planners
have end up more creative, meeting and convention delegates have been more demanding
about assembly sites. No longer are resort assembly rooms and conference facilities the only
type of location used; non-conventional venues have tailored and end up aggressive
(competitive) in offering services for meeting planners.

As a broad definition, tourist’s attractions are those places of culture, heritage, nature or
activities that draw people to visit as defined by Westcott M. There are some major categories
and these include heritage attractions, entertainment attractions, industrial and commercial.
Heritage point of interest focus on maintaining and exhibiting objects, sites and natural
wonders of historical, cultural and academic value. These include botanical gardens, zoos and
nature parks. Entertainment attractions offers and maintain access to amusement. These
include water parks and arcades. Industrial attractions deal mainly in agriculture, forestry and
producing products that quickly market to tourists. These include wineries, fisheries and
factories. Commercial attractions deal in gifts and handcrafted goods.

Lastly, country clubs are another part of the hospitality industry with a unique strategy
focusing on serving members who will develop relationships with staff compared to a more
transactional service interaction in lodging, restaurants or airlines. Country clubs do not now
focus strongly on income as they do on maximising member satisfaction, retention and
increase even as preserving an appealing price structure. Country clubs generally have
restaurant and bar operations, catered events and other amenities. Examples of country clubs
in Zimbabwe include Middle Sabi country Club, Kariba country club and Glendale country
club.

In conclusion, components of the tourism and hospitality industry are very important and
need to be taken into consideration since they educate the community and even the nation at
large. These components include accommodation and lodgings, food and beverages,
recreation and entertainment, country clubs, attractions, travel services and convention and
event managements.

REFERENCES

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