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Classification

Matter can exist in three physical states - solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a definite volume and shape with particles held closely together. Liquids have a definite volume but not shape as particles can move around each other. Gases have neither definite volume nor shape as particles are far apart and move freely. Matter can also be classified as pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances are either elements made of one type of particle or compounds containing two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded and can be separated.

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64 views1 page

Classification

Matter can exist in three physical states - solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a definite volume and shape with particles held closely together. Liquids have a definite volume but not shape as particles can move around each other. Gases have neither definite volume nor shape as particles are far apart and move freely. Matter can also be classified as pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances are either elements made of one type of particle or compounds containing two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded and can be separated.

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Devathmika MS
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© © All Rights Reserved
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A) Physical Classification:

Matter can exist in three physical states:


1. Solids 2. Liquids 3. Gases
1. Solids: The particles are held very close to each other in an orderly fashion and there is not much
freedom of movement.
Characteristics of solids: Solids have definite volume and definite shape.
2. Liquids: In liquids, the particles are close to each other but can move around. Characteristics of
liquids: Liquids have definite volume but not definite shape.
3. Gases: In gases, the particles are far apart as compared to those present in solid or liquid states.
Their movement is easy and fast.
Characteristics of Gases: Gases have neither definite volume nor definite shape. They completely
occupy the container in which they are placed.
(B) Chemical Classification:
Based upon the composition, matter can be divided into two main types:
1. Pure Substances 2. Mixtures.
1. Pure substances: A pure substance may be defined as a single substance (or matter) which cannot
be separated by simple physical methods.
Pure substances can be further classified as (i) Elements (ii) Compounds
(i) Elements: An element consists of only one type of particles. These particles may be atoms or
molecules.
For example, sodium, copper, silver, hydrogen, oxygen etc. are some examples of elements. They all
contain atoms of one type. However, atoms of different elements are different in nature. Some
elements such as sodium . or copper contain single atoms held together as their constituent particles
whereas in some others two or more atoms combine to give molecules of the element. Thus,
hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen gases consist of molecules in which two atoms combine to give the
respective molecules of the element.
(ii) Compounds: It may be defined as a pure substance containing two or more elements combined
together in a fixed proportion by weight and can be decomposed into these elements by suitable
chemical methods. Moreover, the properties of a compound are altogether different from the
constituting elements.
The compounds have been classified into two types. These are:
(i) Inorganic Compounds: These are compounds which are obtained from non-living sources such as
rocks and minerals. A few
examples are: Common salt, marble, gypsum, washing soda etc.
(ii) Organic Compounds are the compounds which are present in plants and animals. All the organic
compounds have been found to contain carbon as their essential constituent. For example,
carbohydrates, proteins, oils, fats etc.
2. Mixtures: The combination of two or more elements or compounds which are not chemically
combined together and may also be present in any proportion, is called mixture. A few examples of
mixtures are: milk, sea water, petrol, lime water, paint glass, cement, wood etc.

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